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6904437 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Redbergslids%20IK%20Fotboll | Redbergslids IK Fotboll | Redbergslids IK is a now defunct Swedish football club which was located in Gothenburg. They played in the highest Swedish league, Allsvenskan, once in 1930–31, but were relegated. They were also punished for paying their players, which was against the rules at that time, by being demoted to the bottom of the Swedish football league system. Notable players of the club included Gunnar Gren and Sven Rydell.
In the top division of Sweden the club attracted an average crowd of 8,898.
References
Redbergslids IK
Redbergslids IK
Redbergslids IK |
6904438 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JDS%20Akebono%20%28DE-201%29 | JDS Akebono (DE-201) | JDS Akebono (DE-201) was a destroyer escort (or frigate) of the Japanese Maritime Self-Defense Force. Akebono was one of the first indigenous Japanese warships to be built following World War II. Akebono was laid down in 1954 as a steam turbine powered "B type" ASW escort, the only ship of its class, for comparison with two similar diesel powered ships, the s. Akebono entered service in 1956 and remained in use until 1976.
Design and construction
The Japanese Marine Safety Force (later to become the Japanese Maritime Self-Defense Force) authorised the purchase of three "B type" escort vessels as part of the Financial Year 1953 programme. Of the three ships, two of which were to be powered by diesel engines (the Ikazuchi class) and the third by steam turbines, to be called Akebono.
The equipment of the three escorts was similar, with two American guns, four 40 mm Bofors guns, a Hedgehog anti-submarine projector and eight K-gun depth charge launchers. Akebono had a twin-shaft machinery installation, with geared steam turbines producing which could propel the ship at a top speed of compared with the of the less powerful Ikazuchi class.
Akebono was laid down at the Ishikawajima Tokyo shipyard on 10 December 1954. She was launched on 15 October 1955 and completed on 20 March 1956.
Operations
Akebono was re-armed in March 1958, when her original 3-inch guns were replaced by more modern, autoloading 3 inch guns, with 1 Bofors gun, four K-guns also removed. Akebono was discarded in 1976.
References
Blackman, Raymond V. B. Jane's Fighting Ships 1960–61. London: Sampson Low, Marston & Co., 1960.
Gardiner, Robert and Stephen Chumbley. Conway's All The World's Fighting Ships 1947–1995. Annapolis, Maryland, USA: Naval Institute Press, 1995. .
Frigate classes
1955 ships
Akebono
Ships built by IHI Corporation |
17334375 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geoffrey%20L.%20Smith | Geoffrey L. Smith | Geoffrey Lilley Smith (born 1955) FRS FMedSci FRSB is a British virologist and medical research authority in the area of Vaccinia virus and the family of Poxviruses. Since 1 October 2011 he is head of the Department of Pathology at the University of Cambridge and a principal research fellow of the Wellcome Trust. Before that, he was head of the Department of Virology at Imperial College London.
Education
Smith was educated at the Bootham School in York and completed his bachelor's degree at the University of Leeds in 1977. In 1981 he was awarded a PhD in Virology for research completed at the National Institute for Medical Research.
Career and research
Between 1981 and 1984, while he was working in the United States under the National Institutes of Health, Smith developed and pioneered the use of genetically engineered live vaccines. Between 1985 and 1989 he lectured at the University of Cambridge. During 2002 Smith sequenced a strain of Camelpox showing how close it was to human Smallpox.
Prior to 2002, he was based at the Sir William Dunn School of Pathology at the University of Oxford. Between 1988 and 1992 his work was funded by the Jenner Fellowship from The Lister Institute; he became a governor of the Institute in 2003.
Smith was editor-in-chief of the Journal of General Virology up until 2008 and chairs the World Health Organization's Advisory Committee on Variola Virus Research. In 2009 Smith was elected as one of the founding members of the new European Academy of Microbiology and the following year was elected as a corresponding member of the . Until 2011 he was the head of the Department of Virology at Imperial College London. As of 2011 Smith became president of the International Union of Microbiological Societies.
Andrew H. Wyllie had been the previous holder of the head of the Department of Pathology at Cambridge until retirement in September 2011.
Publications
Awards and honours
In 2002, Smith was elected as a Fellow of the Academy of Medical Sciences. In 2003, he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society and in 2005 was awarded the Feldburg Foundation Prize for his work on poxviruses. Since 2010, he is a founding member of the European Academy of Microbiology. In 2011 he was elected as a fellow of the Academy of Sciences Leopoldina. In June 2012 Smith was awarded the 2012 GlaxoSmithKline International Member of the Year Award by the American Society for Microbiology.
Personal life
His maternal grandfather was Ralph Lilley Turner, director of the School of Oriental Studies and a philologist of Indian languages.
References
Wellcome Trust Principal Research Fellows
Fellows of the Royal Society
Fellows of the Academy of Medical Sciences (United Kingdom)
British virologists
National Institute for Medical Research faculty
1955 births
Living people
Fellows of the Royal Society of Biology |
6904439 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freedom%20Suite%20%28The%20Rascals%20album%29 | Freedom Suite (The Rascals album) | Freedom Suite is the fifth studio album (a double album) by rock band The Rascals, released on March 17, 1969. It peaked at number 17 on the Billboard Top LPs chart and also reached number 40 on the Billboard Black Albums chart, the last Rascals album to appear there.
History
Freedom Suite was an ambitious effort and something of a concept album. Packaging included a shiny silver gatefold album cover, with a photograph of the band pasted on the front, colored sleeves with the song lyrics printed on them, and illustrations drawn by members of the group. The latter varied from idealistic visions of trumpeting angels to Eastern-influenced sketchings to drummer Dino Danelli's faithful homage to El Greco's Christ. The inclusion of three instrumentals comprising one complete album of the two-record set—one polished track ("Adrian's Birthday," named in honor of recording engineer Adrian Barber), one jam session ("Cute"), and a Danelli drum solo ("Boom")—seemed to reviewer and critic Richie Unterberger as an effort by The Rascals to establish themselves as an "album" group rather than a "singles" group.
The first LP of the set contained conventional songs, while the second contained the instrumentals. Various session musicians, including bassist Chuck Rainey and saxophonists King Curtis and David "Fathead" Newman, augmented the band's normal line-up on several selections.
The album's content was packaged differently based on format and territory. In North America, the full Freedom Suite album, including the instrumentals, was available in a double album package on LP and on reel-to-reel tape. Cassette and 8-track tape editions, however, were packaged as either one double-play album or as two single albums ("Freedom Suite" and "Music Music") and could be purchased independently. In Great Britain, only the first record of the double album was distributed, with the instrumentals and inserts omitted completely.
The album contained the Rascals' last #1 hit single "People Got To Be Free," which was released in advance of the album in mid-1968. "A Ray of Hope/Any Dance'll Do" (November 1968) and "Heaven/Baby I'm Blue" (February 1969) were also issued as singles.
The political climate of the time helped fuel the songwriting efforts for Freedom Suite; most notably, "People Got to Be Free" was inspired by the April 1968 assassination of Martin Luther King Jr., and "A Ray of Hope" by the June 1968 assassination of Robert F. Kennedy (the latter song's figurative "ray of hope" is surviving Kennedy brother Ted Kennedy). Cavaliere was quoted in Billboard magazine, remarking "After King and Kennedy and what happened in Chicago (i.e., the demonstrations and resulting police actions at the 1968 Democratic National Convention), we just had to say something."
Prior to this album, the Rascals' primary vocalists Felix Cavaliere and Eddie Brigati co-authored most of the band's original songs. On Freedom Suite, however, that trend began to change, with Cavaliere credited as sole author of four of the album's vocal tracks. Brigati's songwriting and vocal contributions would continue to decline on subsequent albums.
Reception
The album was RIAA-certified as a gold record on April 21, 1969, rising to #17 on the Billboard Top LPs chart. It also reached #40 on the Billboard Black Albums chart, the last Rascals album to appear there. In Canada, it reached #20.
It was not especially well received; critic Lester Bangs would later write that Freedom Suite suffered from "excess," while critic Dave Marsh would later write that it "sowed the seeds of the group's demise, [as it] reflected an attempt to join the psychedelic craze."
Writing for Allmusic, critic Thom Jurek wrote of the album "if that outing [Once Upon a Dream] had been ambitious and even visionary, the double Freedom Suite, released in 1969 as the group's fifth album, was off the map. The band dug in and wrote a single LP's worth of solid tunes including a quartet of fine singles."
Track listing
Record One: Freedom Suite
Side One
"America the Beautiful" (Felix Cavaliere) – 2:50
"Me and My Friends" (Gene Cornish) – 2:42
"Any Dance'll Do" (Cavaliere) – 2:19
"Look Around" (Eddie Brigati, Cavaliere) – 3:03
"A Ray of Hope" (Brigati, Cavaliere) – 3:40
Side Two
"Island of Love" (Brigati, Cavaliere) – 2:22
"Of Course" (Brigati, Cavaliere) – 2:40
"Love Was So Easy to Give" (Cornish) – 2:42
"People Got to Be Free" (Brigati, Cavaliere) – 2:57
"Baby I'm Blue" (Cavaliere) – 2:47
"Heaven" (Cavaliere) – 3:22
Record Two: Music Music
Side Three
"Adrian's Birthday" (Cavaliere, Cornish, Dino Danelli) – 4:46
"Boom" (Danelli) – 13:34
Side Four
"Cute" (Brigati, Cavaliere, Cornish, Danelli) – 15:10
Certifications
US-Gold (500,000 copies sold).
Personnel
The Rascals
Felix Cavaliere - organ, piano, lead vocals except as indicated below, backing vocals
Eddie Brigati - conga drums and tambourine on "Cute", lead vocals on "Any Dance'll Do" and "Island of Love", backing vocals
Gene Cornish - guitar, lead vocals on "Me & My Friends" and "Love Was So Easy to Give", backing vocals
Dino Danelli - drums
Additional musicians
Chuck Rainey, Richard Davis, Gerald Jemmott - bass guitar
David Brigati - backing vocals
King Curtis - tenor saxophone solo on "Of Course"
David Newman - tenor saxophone solo on "Adrian's Birthday"
Production
Arif Mardin, Charles Morrow - arrangements
Adrian Barber, Tom Dowd, Don Casale - recording engineers
References
1969 albums
Atlantic Records albums
The Rascals albums
Albums produced by Arif Mardin
Albums produced by Felix Cavaliere
Albums arranged by Arif Mardin
Albums produced by Eddie Brigati
Albums produced by Gene Cornish
Albums produced by Dino Danelli |
23574418 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambridge%20Antibody%20Technology | Cambridge Antibody Technology | Cambridge Antibody Technology (officially Cambridge Antibody Technology Group Plc, informally CAT) was a biotechnology company headquartered in Cambridge, England, United Kingdom. Its core focus was on antibody therapeutics, primarily using Phage Display and Ribosome Display technology.
Phage Display Technology was used by CAT to create adalimumab, the first fully human antibody blockbuster drug. Humira, the brand name of adalimumab, is an anti-TNF antibody discovered by CAT as D2E7, then developed in the clinic and marketed by Abbvie, formerly Abbott Laboratories. CAT was also behind belimumab, the anti-BlyS antibody drug marketed as Benlysta and the first new approved drug for systemic lupus in more than 50 years. In 2018, the Nobel Prize organisation awarded one quarter of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry to a founding member of CAT, Sir Greg Winter FRS "for the phage display of peptides and antibodies.".
Founded in 1989, CAT was acquired by AstraZeneca for £702m in 2006. AstraZeneca subsequently acquired MedImmune LLC, which it combined with CAT to form a global biologics R&D division called MedImmune. CAT was often described as the 'jewel in the crown' of the British biotechnology industry and during the latter years of its existence was the subject of frequent acquisition speculation.
History
CAT was founded in 1989 by Dr. David Chiswell OBE and Sir Greg Winter, with major scientific contributions from Dr. John McCafferty and the Medical Research Council (UK) (MRC). Operations began at the MRC laboratories in Cambridge. In May 1990, operations moved to the Daly Research Laboratories at Babraham Institute, Cambridge.
In 1992, CAT moved to Beech House on the Melbourn Science Park to occupy units B1 and B2. In 1993 the company expanded into unit B3, into B4 into 1995, and in 1998 into units B5, B6, B8 and B9. CAT completed the occupation of Beech House by finally occupying B7 by the late 1990s.
CAT listed on the London Stock Exchange in 1997, raising £43 million, and went through a second round of funding in 2000, raising over £90 million.
In 1999, CAT expanded into a second location in Melbourn called Cambridge House. After leaving Melbourn, CAT sold this location on to housing developers in early 2006.
In 2000, after a succession of deals that focussed on harnessing the exploitation of the human genome, CAT's share price peaked at over £50 per share.
Also in 2000, CAT decided to move out of Melbourn to a science park called Granta Park, roughly away. Of the buildings on the park, the first to be occupied was the Franklin Building followed, in late 2002, by a move to a new corporate headquarters at the Milstein Building.
The Franklin Building, named after Rosalind Franklin, was formally opened in 2001 by David Sainsbury, Baron Sainsbury of Turville. The Milstein Building was named after César Milstein, and had a modular design with separate laboratory (46,000 sq ft) and administration blocks (21,000 sq ft). In the same year, CAT listed on the NASDAQ.
When AstraZeneca acquired CAT in June 2006, plans were announced to occupy a new building on Granta Park, GP15, offering a further . Refurbishment of this building took approximately 18 months and the building was officially opened, in November 2008, with the name Aaron Klug Building.
Acquisitions
Aptein Inc.
On 15 July 1998, CAT completed the acquisition of Aptein Inc. This acquisition "...further strengthened its world leading position in antibody display technology...giving CAT controlling patents in the field of polysome display. Polysome display involves the use of polysomes, a type of molecule responsible for protein synthesis within the human body, to display functional antibody proteins in vitro.". Three years later David Glover, CAT's Chief Medical Officer at the time, summarised the acquisition as one which essentially acquired Aptein's patent estate
"Under the terms of the agreement CAT purchased the issued share capital and outstanding share options and warrants of Aptein for a total consideration of up to $11 million satisfied by the issue of up to 2.366 million CAT shares (an implied CAT share price of 278p.) $6 million of the consideration was satisfied by the issue of 1.290 million CAT shares on closing. The balance of the consideration of up to $5 million will be satisfied by the issue of up to 1.076 million CAT shares after Aptein's European patents have been sustained through opposition or appeal. In accordance with accounting standards the cost of acquiring this new technology has been capitalised and will be written off over the lives of the patents concerned.".
Aptein was founded by Glenn Kawasaki, who is currently, amongst other positions, CEO at Accium BioSciences.
According to an article published in Nature in 2002, that focused on the automation of proteomics,..."Normally, an mRNA molecule passes through the ribosome-like ticker-tape and is released, along with the newly synthesised protein molecule, when a sequence of three bases known as a 'stop codon' is reached. In Aptein's technology, stop codons are eliminated so that the completed antibody and its mRNA remain bound together on the ribosome. The system, which CAT is now optimising, is entirely cell-free and so is more amenable to automation. This should make it possible to construct libraries that are orders of magnitude larger than those created using phage display."
CAT published on their optimisation work with Ribosome Display, including:
The discovery of tralokinumab, a therapeutic antibody against IL-13.
An improved method for eukaryotic ribosome display
A comparison of phage and ribosome display approaches for improving antibody affinity and stability showing the advantages of ribosome display
The use of ribosome display to optimise pharmacology and "developability" of therapeutic proteins
CAT used extensive data sets from ribosome display to patent protect their anti-IL-13 monoclonal antibody, CAT-354, in a world-first of sequence-activity-relationship claims.
Drug Royalty Corporation Inc.
In 1994, CAT signed a royalty deal with Drug Royalty Corporation Inc. (DRC) such that DRC would receive future royalty revenue from CAT's products.
In January 2002, CAT made a share-based offer to buy DRC for £55 million so that it could buy out this royalty obligation. CAT valued DRC at C$3.00 a share, and this offer was initially recommended by the board of directors of DRC. On 8 March 2002 the investment company Inwest made a competing offer valuing DRC at C$3.05 per share. CAT's offer would see DRC shareholders receiving CAT shares whilst Inwest's offer would see the DRC shareholder receiving cash. DRC's board of directors changed their decision and recommended Inwest's offer. After a number of deadline extensions from CAT the offer from Inwest was accepted by the DRC shareholders. Inwest purchased DRC on 2 May 2002, and the company began operating as a private entity that continues operation today as DRI Capital.
As a result of this failure to purchase DRC, CAT's right to buy back royalty interest was triggered at a cost to CAT of C$14 million (£6.2 million) by way of 463,818 CAT shares.
Oxford Glycosciences
On 23 January 2003 CAT made a share-based offer for Oxford Glycosciences (OGS) and at an Extraordinary General Meeting shareholders voted to approve the merger. In March of this year CAT saw a decline in its share price. Discussions regarding the applicability of the royalty offset provisions for HUMIRA with Abbott Laboratories had started, and these had a negative impact on the CAT share price depressing the value of CAT's offer.
On 26 February 2003 the British-based biotechnology group Celltech subsequently made a hostile £101 million cash offer for OGS and began buying OGS shares. Some reported that this activity represented the UK biotechnology industry's first-ever bidding war. Despite this improved offer from Celltech, OGS continued to recommend the CAT offer.
Celltech continued to buy OGS shares and the OGS board pressed CAT to improve the terms of its offer as the Celltech shareholding reached 10.55%. OGS became alarmed that Celltech's share purchase would prompt CAT to walk away because, under takeover rules, it would not be able to forcibly purchase the 10.55 per cent stake Celltech owned. CAT failed to improve the terms of its bid forcing OGS to abandon the agreement.
Celltech continued buying shares and, as their stake reached 25%, so the board of OGS met to reluctantly recommend the Celltech offer. Celltech completed the purchase of OGS in April 2003. Some newspapers reported that the failure of the bid by CAT would means that CAT would have to cut some of its workforce. Celltech was itself purchased by the Belgian drugmaker UCB in mid-2004.
Genencor
On 1 November 2005 CAT announced it was acquiring two anti-CD22 immunotoxin products from Genencor, namely GCR-3888 and GCR-8015. Genencor is the biotechnology division of Danisco and the acquisition meant CAT would hire certain former Genencor key employees to be responsible for the development of the programmes.
GCR-3888 and GCR-8015 were discovered and initially developed by the National Cancer Institute, which is part of the U.S. National Institutes of Health. Genencor licensed the candidates for hematological malignancies and entered into a Cooperative Research and Development Agreement (CRADA) with the NIH, which will now be continued by CAT. Under the original
licence agreement with the NIH, CAT gained the rights to a portfolio of intellectual property associated with the programs and would pay future royalties to the NIH.
CAT intended to file an Investigational New Drug (IND) application for GCR-8015 in various CD22 positive B-cell malignancies, including Non-Hodgkin lymphoma and chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, following a period of manufacturing development which is expected to be complete by the end of 2006 and to support the NCI's ongoing development of GCR-3888 in Hairy cell leukaemia (HCL) and paediatric acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (pALL).
CAT-8015 exhibited a greater affinity for CD22 than its predecessor, CAT-3888 and CAT's language such as "CAT will support the NCI's ongoing development of CAT-3888..." suggested at the time that their focus was on the second generation candidate.
On 16 May 2013, AstraZeneca announced that CAT-8015, now Moxetumumab, has started Phase III clinical trials.
Collaborations
CAT entered into many collaborations with technology and pharmaceutical companies, including:
Searle, 1999 – CAT signed, what was at the time, their biggest deal with Searle, the pharmaceutical arm of Monsanto. In 2000, Pharmacia & Upjohn merged with Monsanto and Searle to create Pharmacia Corporation. In 2003, Pfizer acquired Pharmacia. It is unsure as to whether the deal with Searle generated any clinical candidates.
Human Genome Sciences, 2000. GlaxoSmithKline purchased HGSI in 2012. The deal with Cambridge Antibody Technology generated, amongst others;
An anti-BLyS antibody – registered by HGSI as LymphoStat-B, also known as belimumab, and subsequently branded as Benlysta. On 16 November 2010 HGSI and GlaxoSmithKline announced the vote of the FDA advisory committee to recommend approval of belimumab for systemic lupus erythematosus. On 9 March 2011 the FDA voted 11 to 2 in favour of approving Benlysta "to treat patients with active, autoantibody-positive lupus who are receiving standard therapy, including corticosteroids, antimalarials, immunosuppressives, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs".
An anthrax therapeutic antibody – registered by HGSI as ABthrax, also known as raxibacumab. At the 2 November 2012 meeting of the Anti-Infective Drugs Advisory Committee to the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) members "voted 16 to 1 in support of the clinical benefit of raxibacumab for the treatment of inhalational anthrax, with one abstention. In addition, the committee voted 18 – 0 in favour of the risk-benefit profile of raxibacumab".
Two anti-TRAIL receptor antibodies – mapatumumab (HGS-ETR1) and lexatumumab (HGS-ETR2). Early work by CAT and HGS scientists showed that HGS-ETR1 induces cell death in certain tumour types. Following this data, HGS exercised an option to enter into an exclusive development partnership for the antibody.
Genzyme, 2000. CAT held significant strength in the area of TGF beta with two products already – lerdelimumab (CAT-152) and metelimumab (CAT-192). The deal with Genzyme was "a broad strategic alliance to develop and commercialise human monoclonal antibodies directed against TGF-beta." All clinical indications, with the exception of ophthalmic uses, were covered by the agreement.
The deal resulted in fresolimumab (GC1008), a pan-neutralizing IgG4 human antibody directed against all three isoforms of TGF beta, which had the "potential for treating a variety of diseases". In particular Genzyme are currently using fresolimumab in trials involving immunogenic tumours.
The takeover of CAT by AstraZeneca initiated a change of control clause in the 2008 agreement that gives Genzyme the right to buy out rights to a jointly developed experimental lung drug.
In February 2011, Sanofi-Aventis purchased Genzyme for approximately US$20bn.
Immunex Corp, 2000. CAT's proprietary antibody phage display library for the discovery, development and potential commercialisation of human monoclonal antibodies was licensed to Immunex, in return for a licence fee. This deal was expanded in May 2001 where CAT shared more of the risk of drug development – a so-called "profit-sharing" deal. In 2002 Immunex was acquired by Amgen and in December 2003 CAT entered into a new, restructured agreement with Amgen, reportedly focussing in skin disease. It was also reported that, under the terms of the agreement, Amgen had taken responsibility for the further development and marketing of the therapeutic antibody candidates isolated by CAT against two targets on which the parties agreed to collaborate and would bear all the associated costs. In return, CAT received from Amgen an initial fee and potential milestone payments and royalties on future sales. As of February 2004, one candidate had been delivered by CAT to Amgen. A second candidate was the subject of a continuing research program funded by Amgen and conducted by CAT and was to be delivered to Amgen in due course.
Amgen acquired the transgenic mouse company Abgenix meaning that they had access to two different methods of human monoclonal antibody production. As of July 2009, it is not known from which technology any of their monoclonal antibody products in clinical trials have been derived.
AMRAD, 2001. AMRAD subsequently changed its name to Zenyth Therapeutics and, in mid-2006, Zenyth was acquired by CSL Limited. CAT and AMRAD had gone 50:50 with the original deal over the development of an anti-GMCSF-R antibody, which became CAM-3001. After all this corporate manoeuvring, "CSL decided to license its 50% share in the project to MedImmune...MedImmune commenced Phase I clinical trials in December 2007".
Products and pipeline
CAT had a number of significant products in the pipeline. These included:
Adalimumab (D2E7) – a human monoclonal antibody to tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF alpha). This drug went on to be developed and marketed by Abbott Laboratories as Humira®. The royalties payable on Adalimumab sales were subject to a dispute between the two companies. In 2013, Abbott split it business in half, whereby AbbVie became responsible for its research-based pharmaceutical business, and thus Humira. Humira went on to dominate the best-selling drugs lists. In 2016, the best selling drugs list researched by Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology News, published in March 2017, details that Humira occupied the number 1 position for 2015 ($14.012 billion of sales) and 2016 ($16.078 billion). Whilst for 2017, Abbvie reports that Humira achieved $18.427billion of sales in 2017
Briakinumab (ABT-874) – a human monoclonal antibody to IL-12 and IL-23. This went on to be developed by Abbott Laboratories for treatment of psoriasis and Crohn's disease. On 11 October 2010, Abbott presented positive Phase III data.
Metelimumab (CAT-192) and fresolimumab (GC1008) are human monoclonal antibodies to transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1). Initial trials targeted the skin condition scleroderma but, after some unsuccessful clinical trial results, the product was dropped in favour of fresolimumab, which was initially developed by Genzyme. In February 2011, Sanofi-Aventis purchased Genzyme for approximately US$20 billion and, as of March 2013, Sanofi continue to list fresolimumab in their research and development portfolio.
Lerdelimumab is a human monoclonal antibody to TGF beta 2, initially developed to combat fibrotic scarring that results from glaucoma drainage surgery. The drug was branded Trabio, and development was stopped in late 2005 after unsuccessful trial results.
Bertilimumab (CAT-213) is a human monoclonal antibody to eotaxin 1. In January 2007, CAT licensed the drug for treatment of allergy disorders to iCo Therapeutics Inc., who renamed it from CAT-213 to iCo-008.
Mavrilimumab (CAM-3001) – a human monoclonal igG4 antibody to the alpha chain of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF Receptor). In 2007, some elements of the local press suggested this product could be the next HUMIRA. CAM-3001 is currently being developed by MedImmune in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, and mentioned in the rheumatology section of AstraZeneca's pipeline in their 2008 Annual Report. The first clinical trial was initiated by MedImmune in late 2007. In 2017, Kiniksa licensed Mavrilimumab from MedImmune and, in April 2021, Kiniksa outlined the next steps for development of Mavrilimumab – including in COVID-19–related acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), giant cell arteritis (GCA), and rheumatoid arthritis (RA).
Tralokinumab (CAT-354, Adtralza®) – a human monoclonal antibody (IgG4) that potently and specifically neutralises interleukin 13, a T-lymphocyte-derived cytokine that plays a key role in the development and maintenance of the human asthmatic phenotype. CAT-354 was CAT's first antibody to be discovered using ribosome display, and was further developed by developed by MedImmune. Tralokinumab was licensed by AstraZeneca to LEO Pharma for skin diseases in July 2016. On 15 June 2017, Leo Pharma announced that they were starting phase 3 clinical trials with tralokinumab in atopic dermatitis. In April 2021, Leo Pharma announced that it had received positive Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use (CHMP) of the European Medicines Agency (EMA) opinion of Adtralza® (tralokinumab) for the treatment of adults with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis. On 22 June 2021, LEO Pharma announced that the European Commission had approved "Adtralza® (tralokinumab) as the first and only treatment specifically targeting IL-13 for adults with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis".
Moxetumomab pasudotox (CAT-3888) – CAT-3888 (formerly GCR-3888 and BL22) and CAT-8015 (formerly GCR-8015 and HA22) are both anti-CD22 immunotoxins comprising a modified Pseudomonas exotoxin and an anti-CD22 antibody fragment. CAT acquired these two oncology product candidates in November 2005 from Genencor, a subsidiary of Danisco. CAT-8015 is being developed by MedImmune. In Sept 2018 the US FDA approved it (as Lumoxiti) for some cases of relapsed or refractory hairy cell leukemia (HCL).
CAT-5001 (formerly SS1P) – a Pseudomonas exotoxin immunotoxin that targets mesothelin, which is a cell surface glycoprotein present on normal mesothelial cells that is over-expressed in numerous cancers including pleural and peritoneal mesothelioma, ovarian cancer and pancreatic cancer. CAT-5001 was acquired from Enzon Pharmaceuticals in May 2006.
CAT developed their display technologies further into several patented antibody discovery/functional genomics tools which were named Proximol and ProAb. ProAb was announced in December 1997 and involved high throughput screening of antibody libraries against diseased and non-diseased tissue, whilst Proximol used a free radical enzymatic reaction to label molecules in proximity to a given protein.
In September 1999, it was announced that CAT's Library product and ProAb would each receive Millennium Products status. Of the 4,000 products submitted to the Design Council for these awards, 1,012 were chosen and, to attain Millennium Product status, products had to: open up new opportunities, challenge existing conventions, be environmentally responsible, demonstrate the application of new or existing technology, solve a key problem and show clear user benefits.
Patents
CAT pioneered the application of Phage Display and Ribosome Display technology for the design and development of human monoclonal antibody therapeutics and which was reflected in the breadth of the company's patent portfolio. The Cambridge patent portfolio includes about 40 families of patents, covering both technologies and products.
Three main families of major patents cover Cambridge antibody library and Phage Display technology:
'Winter II' and 'Winter/Huse/Lerner' patents cover Medimmune's processes for generating the collections of human antibody genes that comprise MedImmune Cambridge libraries. MedImmune has patents issued in Europe, South Korea, Japan, Australia and the US and a patent application is pending in Canada. These patents are co-owned by the MRC, The Scripps Research Institute and Stratagene and MedImmune currently has exclusive commercial exploitation rights, subject to certain rights held by the Medical Research Council (MRC), Scripps and Stratagene and their pre-existing licensees.
'McCafferty' covers the process by which human antibodies are displayed on phage (Phage Display) and methods of selecting antibodies to desired targets from libraries. MedImmune has patents issued in Europe, Australia, South Korea and Japan and a patent application is pending in Canada. These patents are co-owned by MedImmune and the MRC.
'Griffiths' covers the use of Phage Display technology to isolate human anti-self' antibodies that specifically bind to molecules found in the human body. CAT has patents issued in Australia, Europe and the US and patent applications are pending in Canada and Japan. This patent is co-owned by MedImmune Cambridge and the MRC.
In 2011 "The High Court of England and Wales has ruled that two patents (EP 0774511 and EP 2055777) owned by MedImmune that describe methods of phage display are invalid because of obviousness."
List of Patents
Patent Dispute with MorphoSys
The German biotechnology company MorphoSys generates human antibodies using its phage display-based 'HuCal' (Human Combinatorial Antibody Library) technology. In the late 1990s both companies found themselves jockeying for strong IP position in the area of therapeutic human antibody generation by way of a specific dispute (details on MorphoSys page).
The long, and protracted, dispute resulted which was eventually settled in late 2002 when some argued the settlement was enforced by an industry cash crunch. The 'delighted' CEO at the time, Peter Chambré, reflected that the deal put an end to the distraction to both parties caused by the litigation.
Publications
Scientists at CAT pioneered the use of phage display such that variable antibody domains could be expressed on filamentous phage antibodies, as reported in a key Nature publication, "Phage antibodies: filamentous phage displaying antibody variable domains".
Other key CAT publications included:
Management and notable people
CAT was founded by David Chiswell MBE and Sir Greg Winter, with major scientific contributions from John McCafferty.
Sir Greg Winter FRS is credited with invented techniques to both humanise (1986) and, later, to fully humanise using phage display, antibodies for therapeutic uses. Previously, antibodies had been derived from mice, which made them difficult to use in human therapeutics because the human immune system had anti-mouse reactions to them. For these developments Winter was awarded the 2018 Nobel Prize in Chemistry along with George Smith and Frances Arnold.
Dave Chiswell OBE was responsible for operational management of CAT from 1990 to 2002, including time as chief executive officer from 1996 to 2002. Chiswell announced he was standing down from CAT on 26 November 2001. During his time at CAT, Chiswell had established himself as a significant character in the biotechnology business. In 2003, Chiswell became chairman of the BioIndustry Association, and in June 2006 was awarded an OBE for services to the UK Bioscience Industry in the UK and Overseas.
CAT was governed by a board and, latterly, a Scientific Advisory Board. Members included:
César Milstein CH FRS, a Nobel prize-winning biochemist in the field of antibody research. Milstein shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine in 1984 with Niels Jerne and Georges Köhler.
Sir Aaron Klug OM FRS FMedSci HonFRMS, a Nobel prize-winning laureate, was a British chemist and biophysicist, and winner of the 1982 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his development of crystallographic electron microscopy. He sat on both the board and the scientific advisory board.
Professor Peter Garland – appointed as a non-executive director in 1990, then became non-executive chairman of the board in 1995. Garland has been the Chief Executive of Institute of Cancer Research, 1989–99 and was a fellow of University College London.
Dr Paul Nicholson – replaced Peter Garland as chairman in 2003. Nicholson was chairman when AstraZeneca bought CAT.
Peter Chambré replaced Dave Chiswell as CEO in early 2002. Chambré had been the CEO of Bespak PLC since May 1994 and, in July 2000, became the chief operating officer of the genomics company Celera. After CAT, Chambré went on to hold a number of positions including Chairman of ApaTech Ltd., and, in September 2006, was appointed non-executive director of BTG plc and Spectrics pls and also advisor to 3i Group plc. As of July 2019, Chambré holds seven board and advisor roles including Chairman of the Board of Directors at immatics biotechnologies, Chairman of the Board of Directors at Cancer Research Technology, and Member of the Board of Directors at Spectris plc.
John McCafferty developed much of the phage display technology used by CAT. McCafferty left CAT to start a group at the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute where, as part of the ATLAS project, his group demonstrated the potential for large-scale high-throughput generation and validation of monoclonal antibodies. This work built on CAT's ProAb technology. McCafferty founded a new therapeutic antibody discovery biotechnology company, IONTAS Ltd. In 2018, McCafferty's 1990 phage research paper was cited by the Nobel committee when awarding the chemistry prize to Sir Gregory Winter, George Smith and Frances Arnold.
Kevin Johnson joined CAT in 1990, contributed to the discovery of D2E7, played a key role in CAT's initial public offering (IPO) and, by July 1997, was appointed to the Board as Research Director. In 2000, Johnson became Chief Technology Officer responsible for exploitation and development of CAT's technology platforms. In November 2002, CAT announced its intention to seek independent financing for its development of the application of antibodies on microarrays for personalised medicine, as this fell outside CAT's focus on therapeutic antibodies and Johnson positively spearheaded this push. In the event it was not possible to procure finance for this activity and, as a result, microarray activity at CAT was terminated. Johnson is currently a partner at medicxi, a venture capital firm focused on life sciences investments based on the asset-centric approach to investing. He was formerly with Index Ventures, having joined the venture capital firm in 2010.
Jane Osbourn OBE joined CAT as a senior scientist in 1993. Osbourn was a co-author of several, high-impact publications to come out of CAT. When merged with MedImmune, after the acquisition by AstraZeneca, Osbourn became the site leader of MedImmune Cambridge. Osbourn went on to chair the UK's BioIndustry Association in 2015 and, in 2019, was awarded the Order of the British Empire medal for services to "Human Monoclonal Antibody Drug Research and Development and Biotechnology".
Awards
CAT's most significant award was the Prix Galien, awarded for outstanding achievement in product and technology development, in recognition of its creativity in the development of novel human monoclonal antibody therapeutics especially in relation to its product CAT-152, which was used to treat fibrotic scarring in certain ophthalmology conditions.
See also
Pharmaceutical industry in the United Kingdom
References
Pharmaceutical companies disestablished in 2007
British companies established in 1989
Companies based in Cambridge
Pharmaceutical companies of England
$
AstraZeneca
Companies formerly listed on the Nasdaq
1989 establishments in England |
17334417 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jim%20Miller%20%28film%20editor%29 | Jim Miller (film editor) | Jim Miller (born 1955) is an American film editor. Along with Paul Rubell, Miller was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Film Editing for the film Collateral (directed by Michael Mann – 2004).
A native of Chicago, Miller began his film career as an editor and then producer of television commercials and industrial films. He later moved to Los Angeles, where he began editing such television films as Alice in Wonderland and Two Fathers.
Miller's first screen credit was for The Breakfast Club (directed by John Hughes – 1985); he was the associate editor for the distinguished, veteran film editor Dede Allen. Miller's first three editing credits were also for films co-edited by Allen, commencing with The Milagro Beanfield War (directed by Robert Redford – 1988). Following Let It Ride (directed by Joe Pytka – 1989), he and Allen co-edited The Addams Family (1991), which was directed by Barry Sonnenfeld. Miller then worked (without Allen) as the editor for five more of Sonnenfeld's films, including Men in Black (1997) and Wild Wild West (1999).
In addition to their Academy Award nomination, Miller and Rubell's editing of Collateral was honored by nominations for the ACE Eddie Award, BAFTA Award for Best Editing, and the Satellite Award for Best Editing, which they won.
References
External links
American film editors
Living people
Artists from Chicago
1955 births |
17334422 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hayden%20Mountain | Hayden Mountain | Hayden Mountain may refer to the following peaks or locations in the United States. These features are generally named after Ferdinand Hayden, an American geologist noted for his pioneering surveying expeditions of the Rocky Mountains in the late 19th century.
Peaks
Hayden Mountain (Alabama)
Hayden Mountain (Colorado)
Hayden Mountain (New York)
Hayden Mountain (Oregon)
Hayden Mountain (Texas)
Hayden Peak (San Miguel County, Colorado)
Hayden Peak (Utah)
Other
Hayden Mountain Summit, in Klamath County, Oregon
Hayden Mountain Airport, in Washington County, Oregon |
23574423 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George%20Boyer | George Boyer | George R. Boyer (born c. 1954) is Professor of Labor Economics in the School of Industrial and Labor Relations at Cornell University. He is best known for his work in the field of economic history, and in particular his research on the English poor laws of the 18th and 19th centuries.
Career
Boyer received a B.A. in economics and history from the College of William and Mary in 1976 and a Ph.D. in economics from the University of Wisconsin in 1982.
Boyer has been a faculty member in Cornell University's School of Industrial and Labor Relations since 1982. He has also been a visiting professor in the Department of Economics at the University of Essex.
Boyer is associate editor of the Industrial and Labor Relations Review and has been a member of the editorial boards of the Journal of Economic History and of Social Science History.
Research on the English Poor Laws
Boyer is arguably best known for his extensive research on the English poor laws, culminating in his 1990 book, An Economic History of the English Poor Law, 1750-1850 (published by Cambridge University Press).
Using tools and concepts from economics, Boyer explores in his book the political motivation for the adoption of poor laws in 18th century England, the geographic variation in poor relief administered during that period, and the demographic impacts of these laws. The book challenges many previously held beliefs about poor laws, and argues that the adoption of such laws was a rational response to changing conditions in agricultural England at the time.
In a review of the book published in the Journal of Economic Literature, Martha Olney observes that "Boyer follows the methodological precepts of what has long since stopped being the "new" economic history: explicit theorizing subjected to empirical testing with historical data" (page 1535). While Olney cautions that "it is unclear whether his results will stand up to the poking and prodding his models' assumptions call for" (page 1535-1536), she nonetheless argues that "Boyer has written a commendable book" (page 1535) and that "any student of contemporary or historical systems of poor relief is well advised to place this book near the top of her required reading" (page 1536).
In another review of the book published in the American Journal of Legal History, James W. Ely, Jr. notes that, "In his carefully reasoned monograph, George R. Boyer provides an economic assessment of the poor laws before 1834 and offers an revisionist account of relief policy" (page 340). While Ely highlights some shortcomings in the text, he concludes that "Boyer has authored a provocative work which contributes to the rich literature on the English poor laws. His economic analysis will be helpful to the study of English poor relief policies" (page 342).
In addition to his book on the subject, Boyer has written articles on various aspects of English poor relief in economics and history journals including the Journal of Political Economy, the Journal of Economic History, and Explorations in Economic History.
In more recent work, Boyer is exploring the evolution of social welfare policies in the UK in the 19th and 20th centuries.
Works
Books
An Economic History of the English Poor Law, 1750–1850, Cambridge University Press (1990) [Held in 528 libraries according to WorldCat].
Selected peer-reviewed journal articles
"The Trade Boards Act of 1909 and the Alleviation of Household Poverty" (with Jessica S. Bean), British Journal of Industrial Relations, vol. 47, no. 2 (2009): pp. 240–264.
"Poverty Among the Elderly in Late Victorian England" (with T. P. Schmidle), Economic History Review, vol. 62, no. 2 (2009): pp. 249–278.
"Unemployment and the UK Labour Market Before, During and After the Golden Age" (with Timothy J. Hatton), European Review of Economic History, vol. 9, no. 1 (2005): pp. 35–60.
"The Evolution of Unemployment Relief in Great Britain," Journal of Interdisciplinary History, vol. 34, no. 3 (2004): pp. 393–433.
"New Estimates of British Unemployment, 1870-1913" (with Timothy J. Hatton), Journal of Economic History, vol. 62, no. 3: pp. 643–675.
"The Development of the Neoclassical Tradition in Labor Economics" (with Robert S. Smith), Industrial and Labor Relations Review, vol. 54, no. 2 (2001): pp. 199–223.
"The Historical Background of the Communist Manifesto," Journal of Economic Perspectives, vol. 12, no. 4 (1998): pp. 151–174.
"The Influence of London on Labor Markets in Southern England, 1830-1914," Social Science History, vol. 22, no. 3, (1998): pp. 257–285.
"Migration and Labour Market Integration in Late Nineteenth-Century England and Wales" (with Timothy J. Hatton), Economic History Review, vol. 50, no. 4 (1997): pp. 697–734.
"Poor Relief, Informal Assistance, and Short Time During the Lancashire Cotton Famine," Explorations in Economic History, vol. 34, no. 1 (1997): pp. 56–76.
"Labour Migration in Southern and Eastern England, 1861-1901" European Review of Economic History, vol. 1, no. 2 (1997): pp. 191–215.
"The Union Wage Effect in Late Nineteenth Century Britain" (with Timothy J. Hatton and Roy Bailey), Economica, vol. 61, no. 4 (1994): pp. 435–446.
"Malthus Was Right After All: Poor Relief and Birth Rates in Southeastern England," Journal of Political Economy, vol. 97, no. 1 (1989): pp. 93–114.
"What Did Unions Do in Nineteenth Century Britain?," Journal of Economic History, vol. 48, no. 2 (1988): pp. 319–332.
"The Poor Law, Migration, and Economic Growth" Journal of Economic History, vol. 46, no. 2 (1986): pp. 419–430.
"An Economic Model of the English Poor Law Circa 1780-1834," Explorations in Economic History, vol. 22, no. 2 (1985): pp. 129–167.
References
Cornell University faculty
21st-century American economists
College of William & Mary alumni
University of Wisconsin–Madison alumni
1950s births
Living people |
6904449 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20municipalities%20of%20the%20Province%20of%20Matera | List of municipalities of the Province of Matera | The following is a list of the 31 municipalities (comuni) of the Province of Matera, Basilicata, Italy.
List
See also
List of municipalities of Italy
References
Matera |
23574428 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holbrook%20%28electoral%20division%29 | Holbrook (electoral division) | Holbrook is an electoral division of West Sussex in the United Kingdom and returns one member to sit on West Sussex County Council. The current County Councillor, Peter Catchpole, is also Cabinet Member for Adults' Services.
Extent
The division covers the northern part of the town of Horsham.
It comprises the following Horsham District wards: Holbrook East Ward and Holbrook West Ward; and of the following civil parishes: the western part of North Horsham and the northern part of Horsham.
Election results
2013 Election
Results of the election held on 2 May 2013:
2009 Election
Results of the election held on 4 June 2009:
2005 Election
Results of the election held on 5 May 2005:
References
Election Results - West Sussex County Council
External links
West Sussex County Council
Election Maps
Electoral Divisions of West Sussex |
23574433 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jen%20Sussman | Jen Sussman | Jen Sussman (born 8 August 1937, Nanking, China – died 8 August 2002, Vero Beach, Florida), was an artist, graphic designer and children's book illustrator.
Sussman worked as graphic designer for Time Life Books, Raymond Loewy (Paris) and George Nelson & Company (New York). She was also proprietor of her own design firm, Jen Sussman Holdings Ltd, whose clients included Gillette and Pantone.
She created the children's character Muggy based on her own pug. Muggy was briefly the Mascot of the Los Angeles Children's Museum, portrayed on the museum's official poster and other items.
In 1985 she created the artwork for a series of books for children, written by her husband Barth Jules Sussman, and initially sold through the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, and the Book of the Month Club, and in 1997, the artwork for a Muggy CD-based Coloring Book.
Books
Muggy Au Cirque: Hachette Jeunesse, Paris, 1985.
Muggy Recontre Bibi: Hachette Jeunesse, Paris, 1985.
La Journee de Muggy: Hachette Jeunesse, Paris, 1985.
Muggy: CD-ROM Coloring Book for Children – Muggy Press
EPUB picture books:
Muggy the Happy Pug – A Lovely Day
Muggy the Happy Pug – Muggy Meets Bibi
Muggy the Happy Pug – Muggy Goes to the Circus
References
1937 births
2002 deaths
American illustrators |
6904466 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claude%20Meisch | Claude Meisch | Claude Meisch (born 27 November 1971, in Pétange) is a Luxembourg politician with a degree in financial mathematics from Trier university. Meisch was appointed Minister of Education in 2013 in the government of Xavier Bettel. He has been a member of the Chamber of Deputies since 1999 and Mayor of Differdange since 2002. He was President of the Democratic Party (DP) from 2004 until 2013, of which he has been a member since 1994.
Born in Pétange, in the south-west of the country, Meisch attended the town's Lycée technique Mathias-Adam, before studying at the University of Trier, in Germany. After graduating, he worked for the private Banque de Luxembourg. Meisch was Vice-President of the Democratic and Liberal Youth, the DP's youth wing, from 1995 until 2000.
Meisch ran for the Chamber of Deputies, to represent Sud, in the 1999 election. Meisch finished sixth amongst DP candidates, with the top four being elected. However, the election saw the DP become kingmakers, giving them enough leverage over the Christian Social People's Party (CSV) to allow them to appoint seven Democratic deputies, including Henri Grethen and Eugène Berger, to the new government. Grethen insisted that Berger be appointed along with him, specifically so that Meisch could enter the Chamber. With Grethen and Berger required to vacate their seats to take up their government positions, Meisch filled in the gap and entered the Chamber of Deputies on 12 August 1999.
In the 2004 legislative election, Meisch was re-elected to the Chamber directly, placing second amongst DP candidates in an election that saw the party's representation from Sud reduced from four to two. The result was bad for the DP across the country, losing five seats and seeing them replaced as the Christian Social People's Party's (CSV) coalition partners by the LSAP. After the election, Lydie Polfer resigned as DP President, having served the term limit imposed by the party's statutes. Meisch was the only candidate put forward to replace her, and recorded a 90% vote in his favour (between him and none of the above), holding the position since 10 October 2004.
The 2005 election to Differdange communal council saw Meisch score an 'historic' victory, in leading the DP to buck the national trend and greatly increase their vote: winning 43% of the vote and winning eight seats. Meisch thus remained as mayor, heading a coalition with the Greens, although the size of the victory allowed Meisch to choose his coalition partner from any of the other three parties.
In the 2009 legislative election, Meisch was re-elected, winning more votes that any other Democratic candidate in the entire country, and winning more than twice as many votes as Eugène Berger, who placed second on the DP list in Sud. The party nationwide fell 1.1% of the vote and lost a seat. Immediately after the election, Meisch ruled out a coalition with the CSV, so the DP continued in opposition.
In 2020, Meisch was at the centre of controversy when, as Minister of Education, he forced the Luxembourgish public schools to reopen in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic despite protests from the teachers union (SNE) and an online petition from 23,000 concerned parents urging him not to do so. A spokesperson for the Ministry of Education stated that "parents have no say in the matter".
Footnotes
External links
Chamber of Deputies official website biography
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Mayors of places in Luxembourg
Members of the Chamber of Deputies (Luxembourg)
Members of the Chamber of Deputies (Luxembourg) from Sud
Councillors in Differdange
Democratic Party (Luxembourg) politicians
Luxembourgian economists
1971 births
Living people
People from Pétange |
23574438 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historical%20Statistics%20of%20the%20United%20States | Historical Statistics of the United States | Historical Statistics of the United States (HSUS) is a compendium of statistics about United States. Published by the United States Census Bureau until 1975, it is now published by Cambridge University Press.
The last free version, the Bicentennial Edition, appeared in two volumes in 1975 and is now available online.
The current commercial version deals with Population, Work and Welfare, Economic Structure and Performance, Economic Sectors and Governance & International Relations, respectively, in five volumes.
The fully searchable and downloadable electronic edition was developed by Data Software Research Company (DSRC) for Cambridge University Press.
References
External links
The last free edition, available from the US Census Bureau
Online Edition
United States Census Bureau
Cambridge University Press books |
23574439 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tolumnia%20variegata | Tolumnia variegata | Tolumnia variegata, the harlequin dancing-lady orchid, is a species of orchid endemic to the Caribbean. It is the most widespread species of the genus, ranging from the Virgin Islands in the eastern Caribbean westward to Puerto Rico, Hispaniola, Cuba and the Cayman Islands. Plants occur mostly on small branches of shrubs and small trees, often in secondary habitats, in dry to wet regions from near sea level to 800 m elevation. It is not found in Jamaica.
References
External links
variegata |
17334430 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenny%20Wollesen | Kenny Wollesen | Kenny Wollesen (born 1966) is an American drummer and percussionist.
Wollesen has recorded and toured with Tom Waits, Sean Lennon, Ron Sexsmith, Bill Frisell, Norah Jones, John Lurie, Myra Melford, Steven Bernstein, and John Zorn. He is a founding member of the New Klezmer Trio and a member of the Sex Mob and Himalayas groups.
He grew up in Capitola, California, studying at Aptos High School, and spending many teenage years playing with Donny McCaslin. He spent quality classroom time with flugelhornist and arranger Ray Brown at Cabrillo College. He also arranges and studied vibraphone at Cabrillo.
Wollesen utilizes the Burton grip when playing vibraphone.
Discography
As leader or co-leader
Pitch, Rhythm and Consciousness (New Artists, 2011)
The Gnostic Preludes: Music of Splendor (Tzadik, 2012)
John Zorn: The Mysteries (Tzadik, 2013)
Rasa Rasa (Tzadik, 2014)
With the Himalayas
Son of Rogues Gallery: Pirate Ballads, Sea Songs & Chanteys (ANTI-, 2013)
With Myra Melford
2000 Dance Beyond the Color, Myra Melford's Crush
2004 Where the Two Worlds Touch, Myra Melford's the Tent
With New Klezmer Trio
Masks and Faces (Nine Winds, 1991 / Tzadik, 1996)
Melt Zonk Rewire (Tzadik, 1995)
Short for Something (Tzadik, 2000)
With Sexmob
1998 Din of Inequity
2000 Solid Sender
2000 Theatre & Dance
2001 Sex Mob Does Bond
2003 Dime Grind Palace
2006 Sexotica
2013 Cinema, Circus & Spaghetti: Sexmob Plays Fellini
2009 Sex Mob Meets Medeski: Live in Willisau
With others
1997 Interpretations of Lessness, Andy Laster's Lessness
1997 The Loan, Brad Shepik
1998 At Home, Slow Poke
1998 Fabulous, Drop Curlew
2000 Hidden Gardens, Lan Xang
2000 Redemption, Slow Poke
2006 Ways Not to Lose, The Wood Brothers
As sideman
With Steve Beresford
Signals for Tea (Avant, 1995)
With David Byrne
Grown Backwards (Elektra/Nonesuch, 2004)
With Nels Cline
Lovers (Blue Note, 2016)
With Crash Test Dummies
I Don't Care That You Don't Mind (Cha-Ching, 2001)
Jingle All the Way (Cha-Ching, 2002)
With Sylvie Courvoisier
Double Windsor (Tzadik, 2014)
With Trevor Dunn's trio-convulsant
Debutantes & Centipedes (Buzz, 1998)
With Bill Frisell
Blues Dream (Elektra/Nonesuch, 2001)
Unspeakable (Elektra/Nonesuch, 2004)
East/West (Elektra/Nonesuch, 2005)
Further East/Further West (Elektra/Nonesuch, 2005)
History, Mystery (Elektra/Nonesuch, 2008)
All We Are Saying (Savoy Jazz, 2011)
The Kentucky Derby Is Decadent and Depraved (2012)
Guitar in the Space Age! (OKeh, 2014)
With Ben Goldberg
The Relative Value of Things (33¼, 1992)
Orphic Machine (2015)
With Jesse Harris
2003 The Secret Sun
2004 While the Music Lasts
2006 Mineral
2010 Cosmo
With Rickie Lee Jones
2003 The Evening of My Best Day (2003)
2009 Balm in Gilead
With Julian Lage
ARCLIGHT (Mack Avenue, 2016)
Modern Lore (Mack Avenue, 2018)
With Sean Lennon
Into the Sun (Grand Royal, 1998)
With Rudy Linka
2002 Simple Pleasures
2007 Beyond the New York City Limits
With Kate McGarry
2001 Show Me
2005 Mercy Streets
With Ruper Ordorika
Dabilen Harria (Nuevos Medios, 1999)
Hurrengo goizean (Metak, 2002)
Kantuok jartzen ditut (Metak, 2004)
Memoriaren Mapan (Elkar, 2006)
Haizea Garizumakoa (Elkar, 2009)
Hodeien azpian (Elkar, 2011)
Lurrean etzanda (Elkar, 2014)
Guria ostatuan (Elkar, 2016)
Amour et toujours (Elkar, 2021)
With Ellen Reid
2001 Cinderellen (Mr. Friendly)
With Carrie Rodriguez/Chip Taylor
2005 Red Dog Tracks
2006 Seven Angels on a Bicycle
2007 Live from the Ruhr Triennale
2010 The New Bye & Bye
With Jenny Scheinman
2002 The Rabbi's Lover
2004 Shalagaster
2008 Crossing the Field
2008 Jenny Scheinman
With Tony Scherr
2002 Come Around
2007 Twist in the Wind
With John Scofield
2000 Bump
With Leni Stern
2000 Kindness of Strangers
2004 When Evening Falls
With Rufus Wainwright
2003 Want One
2007 Release the Stars
With Tom Waits
1993 The Black Rider (Island)
With John Zorn
Bar Kokhba (Tzadik, 1994–96)
Filmworks VIII: 1997 (Tzadik, 1998)
Filmworks XIII: Invitation to a Suicide (Tzadik, 2002)
Filmworks XIV: Hiding and Seeking (Tzadik, 2003)
50th Birthday Celebration Volume 4 (Tzadik, 2004) with Electric Masada
Voices in the Wilderness (Tzadik, 2003)
Electric Masada: At the Mountains of Madness (Tzadik, 2005) with Electric Masada
Filmworks XVII: Notes on Marie Menken/Ray Bandar: A Life with Skulls (Tzadik, 2006)
Filmworks XVIII: The Treatment (Tzadik, 2006)
The Dreamers (Tzadik, 2008)
Filmworks XXI: Belle de Nature/The New Rijksmuseum (Tzadik, 2008)
O'o (Tzadik, 2009) with The Dreamers
Filmworks XXIV: The Nobel Prizewinner (Tzadik, 2010)
Ipos: Book of Angels Volume 14 (Tzadik, 2010) with The Dreamers
Baal: Book of Angels Volume 15 (Tzadik, 2010) with Ben Goldberg Quartet
In Search of the Miraculous (Tzadik, 2010)
Dictée/Liber Novus (Tzadik, 2010)
Interzone (Tzadik, 2010)
The Goddess – Music for the Ancient of Days (Tzadik, 2010)
The Satyr's Play / Cerberus (Tzadik, 2011)
Nova Express (Tzadik, 2011) with the Nova Quartet
At the Gates of Paradise (Tzadik, 2011)
A Dreamers Christmas (Tzadik, 2011) with The Dreamers
Mount Analogue (Tzadik, 2012)
The Gnostic Preludes (Tzadik, 2012) with the Gnostic Trio
Rimbaud (Tzadik, 2012)
A Vision in Blakelight (Tzadik, 2012)
Music and Its Double (Tzadik, 2012)
The Concealed (Tzadik, 2012)
The Mysteries (Tzadik, 2013) with the Gnostic Trio
Dreamachines (Tzadik, 2013) with the Nova Quartet
In Lambeth (Tzadik, 2013) with the Gnostic Trio
On Leaves of Grass (Tzadik, 2014) with the Nova Quartet
The Testament of Solomon (Tzadik, 2014) with the Gnostic Trio
Pellucidar: A Dreamers Fantabula (Tzadik, 2015) with The Dreamers
The Mockingbird (2016)
The Painted Bird (2016)
With others
1990 And Then There's This, Jessica Williams
1996 Dreamland, Madeleine Peyroux
1996 The Sun Died, Ellery Eskelin
1998 Dopamine, Mitchell Froom
1999 Thoroughfare, Rebecca Martin
1999 Work in Progress 89-98, Wolfgang Muthspiel
2000 Shebang, Steve Cardenas
2001 Buttermilk Channel, Adam Levy
2002 Come Away with Me, Norah Jones
2008 The Living and the Dead, Jolie Holland
2009 Trombone Tribe, Roswell Rudd
2011 Everything is Alive, Hank Roberts
2011 Graylen Epicenter, David Binney
2012 Howie 61, Wayne Krantz
2013 Another Life, James Maddock
2013 Ghost on Ghost, Iron & Wine
2014 Natalie Merchant, Natalie Merchant
2015 Didn't He Ramble, Glen Hansard
References
American jazz drummers
Jewish American musicians
Living people
Avant-garde jazz drummers
1966 births
20th-century American drummers
American male drummers
20th-century American male musicians
American male jazz musicians
The Lounge Lizards members
Sexmob members
Trevor Dunn's Trio-Convulsant members
21st-century American Jews
American jazz vibraphonists |
23574442 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lyantonde%20District | Lyantonde District | Lyantonde District is a district in southern Central Uganda. It is named after the 'chief town' of the district, Lyantonde, where the district headquarters are located.
Location
Lyantonde District is bordered by Sembabule District to the north and northeast, Lwengo District to the east, Rakai District to the south, and Kiruhura District to the west. The 'chief town' of the district, Lyantonde, is located approximately , by road, west of the city of Masaka, the largest metropolitan area in the sub-region. The coordinates of the district are: 00 25S, 31 10E.
History
The district is composed on one county, Kabula County. Prior to 2007, Kabula County was part of Rakai District. In 2007, the county was split off of Rakai District and given autonomous district status.
Population
In 1991, the national population census estimated the population of the district at about 53,100. During the next census in 2002, the population of Lyantonde District was estimated at about 66,000 with an annual population growth rate of 1.9%. In 2012 the district population was estimated at about 80,200.
Economic activities
Agriculture being the major source of livelihood for the population in Lyantonde District. A variety of crops are grown in the district, both for subsistence and economic purposes. The crops grown include:
Cattle are the main livestock kept by farmers in Lyantonde. It is estimated that there are 83,700 of cattle in the District. Other animals that are raised include goats, sheep, pigs and poultry.
Community health
The district has a heavy disease burden. The most prevalent challenges include:
See also
Lyantonde
Central Region, Uganda
Districts of Uganda
References
External links
Lyantonde District Has One Hospital
Districts of Uganda
Central Region, Uganda |
23574463 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Show%20Your%20Colors | Show Your Colors | Show Your Colors is the fourth studio album by Finnish metal band Amoral.
Background
Amoral's fourth studio album was announced in November 2008 when the band announced Ari Koivunen as their new front man. On January 21, their first single was put up the band's MySpace account. The first single is entitled Year of the Suckerpunch and the song is clearly distinctive from any of Amoral's previous material, and is built around Ari's higher pitched, clean, melodic voice, as opposed to former vocalist Niko Kalliojärvi's growling death metal vocals. The album was released May 6, 2009.
Track listing
Personnel
Amoral
Ari Koivunen - vocals, backing vocals
Ben Varon - guitar
Silver Ots - guitar
Juhana Karlsson - drums
Pekka Johansson - bass
Additional
Janne Saksa - recording, producing, backing vocals
Svante Forsbäck- mastering
Mika Latvala - piano (10)
Release history
References
External links
Amoral's official website
Spinefarm Records website
Amoral´s MySpace Page
Amoral Street Teams´s MySpace Page
Amoral´s Youtube videos
2009 albums
Amoral (band) albums |
23574464 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbana%2C%20Italy | Barbana, Italy | Barbana is a small island located at the northern end of the Grado Lagoon, near Trieste in north-east Italy. It is the site of the Santuario di Barbana, an ancient Marian shrine, whose origins date back to 582 when Elia, the Patriarch of Aquileia, built a church near the hut of a hermit from Treviso named Barbanus. The island, which can be easily reached by ferry from nearby Grado, is populated by a small community of Franciscan friars.
History of the shrine
The foundation of the shrine originates from an image of the Virgin Mary carried in by the sea and found at the foot of an elm after a fierce storm. At that time the site was part of the mainland; the Grado Lagoon was formed between the 5th and 7th centuries.
From the foundation to around 1000, Barbana became an island and the shrine was served by a community of monks unique to the island, called the Barbitani. The original church was destroyed by floods and rebuilt. The image of Mary, too, was lost and in the 11th century was replaced by a wooden statue known as the Madonna mora. This Black Madonna is now housed in the Domus Mariae (House of Mary), a chapel near the main church.
In the 11th century, the care of the shrine was entrusted to Benedictine monks, who served there until the 15th century. They were succeeded by a Franciscan community who built a new church in the 18th century.
Art and architecture
The modern church was built in the Romanesque style at the beginning of the 20th century. Ancient remains include two Roman columns from the first church, and a 10th-century relief portraying Jesus. The crowned statue of Mary dates from the 15th century, while the 17th century is represented by several altars and paintings, including one from the school of Tintoretto.
In the wood near the church a small chapel (the Cappella dell'apparizione) was built in 1854 in the place where the original image of Mary was found.
The baptismal font of the church is supported by a figure of the Devil, sculpted in red marble. It is the work of Claudio Granzotto, a Franciscan friar and noted religious artist of the mid-20th century. He has been beatified by the Catholic Church and is being considered for canonization.
Pilgrimages
Barbana is the destination of many pilgrimages, the most famous being the Perdon de Barbana which is held each July to celebrate the end of a visitation of the plague in Grado in 1237.
See also
List of islands of Italy
Grado
Shrines to the Virgin Mary
References
‘Barbana’, Frati Minori del Veneto e Friuli.
Islands of the Adriatic Sea
Catholic pilgrimage sites
Shrines to the Virgin Mary
Churches in the province of Gorizia
Islands of Friuli-Venezia Giulia |
23574472 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great%20Atlantic%20%26%20Pacific%20Tea%20Co.%20v.%20Supermarket%20Equipment%20Corp. | Great Atlantic & Pacific Tea Co. v. Supermarket Equipment Corp. | Great Atlantic & Pacific Tea Co. v. Supermarket Equipment Corp., 340 U.S. 147 (1950), is a patent case decided by the United States Supreme Court. The Court held that a patent for a cashier's counter and movable frame for grocery stores was invalid because it was a combination of known elements that added nothing new to the total stock of knowledge.
Background
Patent number 2,242,408 ("the Turnham patent") claimed the invention of a cashier's counter equipped with a three-sided frame with no top or bottom which, when pushed or pulled, moved groceries deposited in it by a customer to the clerk and left them there when pushed back to repeat the operation.
The district court found that, although each element of the device was known to prior art, a counter with an extension to receive a self-unloading tray with which to push the contents of the tray in front of the cashier was a novel feature and constituted a new and useful combination. The Court of Appeals affirmed the district court's decision. Both courts found that every element claimed in the Turnham patent was known to prior art, except the extension of the counter.
Supreme Court decision
The Supreme Court disagreed with the lower courts' conclusion that the extension of the counter constituted an invention because (1) the extension was not mentioned in the claim, (2) an invention cannot be found in a mere elongation of a merchant's counter, and (3) the Turnham patent overclaimed the invention by including old elements, unless together with its other old elements, the extension made up a new patentable combination. The Court explained that the key to the patentability of a mechanical device that brings old factors into cooperation is the presence or lack of invention: "[O]nly when the whole in some way exceeds the sum of its parts is the accumulation of old devices patentable." The Court concluded that the invention claimed by the Turnham patent lacked any "unusual or surprising consequences" from the combination of old elements.
The Court added that patents are intended to add to the sum of useful knowledge, and they cannot be sustained when their effect is to subtract from resources freely available. The Court also emphasized that commercial success without invention is not sufficient for purposes of patentability.
Concurrence
In his concurrence, Justice Douglas stated that to be patentable, an invention must push back the frontiers of science. In his view, the Patent Office took advantage of the opportunity to expand its own jurisdiction and granted patents to inventions that had no place in the constitutional scheme of advancing scientific knowledge.
References
External links
1950 in United States case law
The Great Atlantic & Pacific Tea Company
United States patent case law
United States Supreme Court cases
United States Supreme Court cases of the Vinson Court
Retail point of sale systems |
17334432 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marty%20O%27Neill | Marty O'Neill | Marty O'Neill (born June 6, 1964, in Winnipeg, Manitoba) is a former lacrosse player and former General Manager of the Minnesota Swarm (2004-2011) and Philadelphia Wings (2001-2004) of the National Lacrosse League (NLL). O'Neill, a goaltender, joined the Boston Blazers of the Major Indoor Lacrosse League (predecessor of the NLL) in 1993.O'Neill played eight season of Pro lacrosse, five seasons with the Boston Blazers, one with the Syracuse Smash, and two with the Buffalo Bandits before retiring after the 2000 season. He was voted the Blazer's MVP by his teammates in Boston for both the 1994 and 1995 seasons.
O'Neill was hired as the General Manager of the Philadelphia Wings in June 2001, and assumed a Championship roster that was decimated by expansion of four teams and retirement of Dan Radebaugh and Jay Jalbert. He led the Wings to only one playoff appearance in three years with an overall record of 23-26 and was fired after the 2004 season. Only three months later, O'Neill was hired by the Minnesota Swarm to be their first-ever GM. The Swarm finished 5th and missed the playoffs in their first year, but improved their record and made the playoffs in each of the next three seasons. For his efforts, O'Neill was named NLL GM of the Year in both 2007 and 2008, becoming the first multiple winner of the award.
O'Neill played 11 seasons with the Victoria Shamrocks of the Western Lacrosse Association Senior "A" League, one season in the Ontario Senior A Lacrosse League with the Six Nations Chiefs, and two seasons of Sr. B lacrosse is Ladner, British Columbia. With the Shamrocks, O'Neill won 2 Mann Cups (1997, 1999), and 1 with Six Nations (1995). As a Senior lacrosse player, O'Neill played 162 games in net with 110 assists and 193 penalty minutes. During this time, in the playoffs O'Neil played 82 games, scored 1 goal (1996), 51 assists, and had 148 penalty minutes. O'Neill did not play Junior Lacrosse and was a walk on for the Senior "A" Victoria Payless in 1987.
O'Neill has been involved in the design and production of equipment for the sport of indoor "box" lacrosse since 1997 with Maximum Lacrosse, also known as Maxlax.
Statistics
NLL
Junior/Senior
References
Awards
1964 births
Living people
Buffalo Bandits players
National Lacrosse League major award winners
Sportspeople from Winnipeg |
17334438 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faggot%20cell | Faggot cell | Faggot cells are cells normally found in the hypergranular form of acute promyelocytic leukemia (FAB - M3). These promyelocytes (not blast cells) have numerous Auer rods in the cytoplasm which gives the appearance of a bundle of sticks, from which the cells are given their name.
See also
Buttock cell
References
Human cells
Pathology
Hematology
Acute myeloid leukemia |
44498116 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991%E2%80%9392%20Bristol%20City%20F.C.%20season | 1991–92 Bristol City F.C. season | During the 1991–92 English football season, Bristol City F.C. competed in the Football League Second Division.
Season summary
In the 1991–92 season, Bristol City made a bright start to the campaign and by 9 November after 17 games, the Robins sat 1 point of the play-off places and looked as though they would challenge for a play-off spot but afterwards, a poor run of form which saw Bristol City win only 1 from their next 18 league matches and as a result slipped to the relegation zone with only Port Vale below them and it seemed the Robins were favourites to go down following a huge collapse of form but an 8-game unbeaten run which include 5 wins, kept them up and the Robins finished in 17th place.
Final league table
Results
Bristol City's score comes first
Legend
Football League Second Division
FA Cup
League Cup
Full Members Cup
Squad
References
Bristol City F.C. seasons
Bristol City |
23574473 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olive%20Wheeler | Olive Wheeler | Dame Olive Annie Wheeler, DBE (4 May 1886 – 26 September 1963) was a Welsh educationist and psychologist, and Professor of Education at University College of South Wales and Monmouthshire, now Cardiff University.
Early life
Born at the High Street in Brecon, Olive Wheeler was the younger daughter of Annie Wheeler, Poole, and her husband, Henry Burford Wheeler. Henry Wheeler was a master printer and publisher. She attended Brecon County School for Girls. She received an Honours Central Welsh Board Certificate in 1904. She attended University College of Wales, Aberystwyth and graduated with a BSc in Chemistry in 1907, and a MSc in 1911. At Aberystwyth she was elected president of the Students' Representative Council. In 1908 she was awarded a double first in a Secondary Teachers Certificate, University of Wales.
Wheeler completed a DSc (Doctor of Science) in Psychology at Bedford College, London (now part of Royal Holloway, University of London) in 1916. She enrolled for the DSc in the Michaelmas term of 1911 at the age of twenty five. Her mother, Annie Wheeler, was a signatory on the form (her father was already dead), along with A. H. Lewis, a Baptist Minister in Brecon, and Uma Wright, Secretary to Brecon Gas Company.
Career
Her first teaching appointment was as lecturer in mental and moral science at Cheltenham Ladies College. She was later appointed to a lectureship in education at the University of Manchester, and served as Dean of the Faculty of Education. In 1921 she applied for the Chair in Education at Swansea University College. Wheeler stood as the Labour candidate for the University of Wales parliamentary constituency in the 1922 general election against Thomas Arthur Lewis. She was President of the Aberystwyth Old Students' Association in 1923–24.
Wheeler was appointed as Professor of Education (Women) at University College at Cardiff in 1925, as well as (temporarily) the Dean of the Faculty of Education. She was the first female head of department in the University of Wales. Her title was officially changed to Professor of Education in 1933. In 1947 she became chairperson of the Welsh Advisory Council on Youth Employment and chairman of the South Wales District of the Workers Education Association.
Wheeler was a fellow of the British Psychological Society. Three years after her retirement in 1951 she went to Canada on a lecture tour.
Damehood
She was created a Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire in the 1950 New Year Honours for education and social work in Wales, particularly for her work with the University of Wales, the Workers’ Educational Association and the Welsh Joint Education Committee.
Death
She died suddenly in the Kardomah Café in Queen Street, Cardiff on 26 September 1963. In her will she left £27,434. She bequeathed her library of educational materials to Cardiff University, as well as funds to create an annual prize of £500 () to be awarded to the university's top student in the department of education. She left £250 to the South Wales District of the Workers' Educational Association and Park End Presbyterian Church, Cardiff.
Affiliations
Fellow, University of Wales
Bibliography
second edition, 1937.
References
1886 births
1963 deaths
Academics of the University of Manchester
British women academics
Dames Commander of the Order of the British Empire
Academics of Cardiff University
People from Brecon
Labour Party (UK) parliamentary candidates
Welsh educational theorists
British psychologists
Alumni of Aberystwyth University
Aberystwyth Old Students' Association
20th-century psychologists |
44498153 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yevgeny%20Shabayev | Yevgeny Shabayev | Yevgeny Yevgenyevich Shabayev (; 24 April 1973 – 5 August 1998; alternate transliterations Yevgeni, Evgeny, Evgeni, Chabaev) was a Russian artistic gymnast. He won a silver with his team at the 1994 Team World Championships, and he was the bronze medalist in the all-around at the 1995 World Championships. He was only the alternate to Russia's 1996 Olympic team due to a shoulder injury that required surgery. Injuries also kept him off the team for the 1997 World Championships.
Shabayev died of a heart attack on 5 August 1998. His funeral was held six days later, and gymnasts Alexei Nemov, Nikolai Kryukov, Elena Grosheva and Roza Galieva were in attendance.
References
External links
Profile
Biography
Photos
1973 births
1998 deaths
Gymnasts from Moscow
Medalists at the World Artistic Gymnastics Championships
Russian male artistic gymnasts
20th-century Russian people |
23574478 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexis%20Perrey | Alexis Perrey | Alexis Perrey (1807–1882) was a historical French seismologist and compiler of earthquake catalogs. He is considered a pioneer in this area, having published a paper on earthquakes in Algeria as early as 1848, in the journal Mémoires de l'Académie des Sciences, Arts et Belles-Lettres de Dijon. He continued to post annual observations on Algerian earthquakes until 1871.
He suspected a correlation between the moon and seismic activity on earth, and developed his theory with the use of statistics. He found that earth tremors occurred most frequently during full and new moons, when the earth is between the sun and moon, when the moon is between the earth and sun, and when the moon is closest in its orbit to the earth. He also found indications in some cases that the moon had crossed the meridian of affected locales at the time of the earthquake.
References
Further reading
Seismologists
French geologists
1807 births
1882 deaths |
44498154 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garden%20of%20Eden%20%28Venice%29 | Garden of Eden (Venice) | The Garden of Eden, also known as the Eden Garden () is a villa with a famous garden, on the island of Giudecca in Venice, Italy. It is named after an Englishman, Frederic Eden, who designed the garden in 1884 and owned the property for a long time. From 1927 it was owned by Princess Aspasia Manos and her daughter Queen Alexandra of Yugoslavia. Between 1979 and 2000, it was owned by the Austrian painter and architect Friedensreich Hundertwasser, who abandoned the garden to nature.
History
In 1884, Frederic Eden, a great-uncle of the British Prime Minister Anthony Eden, and his wife Caroline, sister of the garden designer Gertrude Jekyll, bought an area of six acres on the Venetian island of Giudecca. It contained a former outbuilding of the convent of the Sisters of Santa Croce. The property was later expanded by two acres when the Venetian authorities enlarged the island. The couple created Venice's largest private garden, an English landscape garden symbolic of the British presence in Venice, containing statues, roses and animals. It was frequented by many figures from the world of the arts, including Marcel Proust, Rainer Maria Rilke, Walter Sickert, Henry James, Eleonora Duse and Baron Corvo.
The garden featured a large number of willow pergolas covered in roses, and extensive plantings of Madonna lily as well as other English flowers. Paths around the garden were surfaced with local seashells. There were lawns, courts and a walk lined with cypresses. In 1903, Eden published A Garden in Venice, a short book describing his creation of the garden.
Frederic Eden died in 1916 and his wife Caroline survived him until 1928. A year before her death, she sold the Garden of Eden to Princess Aspasia Manos, the widow of King Alexander of Greece. She acquired the villa thanks to the financial support of her friend Sir James Horlick. The Princess lived in the villa with her daughter Alexandra until 1940, when the Greco-Italian war erupted. Damaged during World War II, the villa was rebuilt by Aspasia when peace returned. In 1945, the Garden of Eden was designated a Monumento Nazionale.
Aspasia lived in the villa until her death in 1972 and the Garden of Eden passed to her daughter. Alexandra made some suicide attempts on the property. In 1979, she sold it to the Austrian painter Friedensreich Hundertwasser. Hundertwasser allowed the flowering plants to die and encouraged wild vegetation. He died in 2000, leaving the property to the ownership of a foundation. It is not open to the public.
In literature
The Garden of Eden is mentioned in Gabriele D'Annunzio's novel The Flame (Il fuoco, 1900)
It was mentioned by Jean Cocteau in the poem Souvenir d'un soir d'automne au jardin Eden (1909)
References
Bibliography
Frederic Eden, A Garden in Venice, Kessinger Publishing, 2010 (facsimile of the 1903 original),
John Hall, "The Garden of Eden", Hortus, no. 67, autumn 2003
Alexandra of Yugoslavia, Pour l'amour de mon roi, Paris, Gallimard, 1957, ASIN B004LXRKPK
External links
Jeff Cotton, The Garden of Eden
Pedigree showing Eden and Jekyll connections
Buildings and structures in Venice
Villas in Veneto
Gardens in Veneto |
17334494 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/41st%20Combined%20Arms%20Army | 41st Combined Arms Army | The 41st Combined Arms Army () is a field army of the Russian Ground Forces, currently part of the Central Military District. Originally, it was formed in 1942 as part of the Soviet Red Army, during World War II. It was reformed in 1998, when the Transbaikal Military District and Siberian Military District were amalgamated.
Soviet Union
The 41st army was created in May 1942, on the base of Nikolai Berzarin and German Tarasov's operational groups. Its structure also included the 134th, 135th, 179th and 234th Rifle Divisions, the 17th Guards Rifle Division, the 21st Tank Brigade, two separate Guards mortar battalions, and several other separate elements.
From May to November 1942, the army was focused on defending the South-Western approach to the city of Bely. In late November, the army joined the Rzhev offensive operation (also known as "Operation Mars"). During that time, the army was engaged with the Wehrmacht XLI Panzer Corps. The army's offensive failed, and they were surrounded by the German XXX Army Corps (Germany). By December 8, the surrounded forces were destroyed.
In March 1943, the newly reinforced 41st Army joined the Rzhev-Vyazma operation. The offensive was a success and German forces in the Rzhev-Vyazma area were annihilated. Following the operation, the forces of the army were transferred to the 39th Army and the 43rd Army, while the 41st Army itself was sent to the STAVKA reserves. On April 9, 1943, the army was disbanded and its remaining forces would form the Reserve Front.
Russian Federation
The 41st Army was reformed on 1 December 1998 from the former headquarters of the Siberian Military District at Novosibirsk, part of the Siberian Military District. In 2002, the 122nd Guards Motor Rifle Division was relocated to Aleysk and became part of the army. During the Russian military reform in 2009, the division was converted into the 35th Separate Guards Motor Rifle Brigade. On 1 September 2010, the army was transferred to the Central Military District after the Siberian Military District was disbanded.
A dedicated electronic warfare battalion is scheduled to be formed within the 41st Combined Arms Army by the end of 2019.
2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine
In the context of the 2021 Russo-Ukrainian crisis, major elements of the 41st Army were reported to have deployed west to reinforce units in the Western and Southern Military Districts confronting Ukraine. These units were said to include elements of the 35th, 55th Mountain and 74th Guards Motorised Rifle Brigades, as well as elements of the 120th Artillery Brigade, and 119th Missile Brigade, and the 6th Tank Regiment of the 90th Tank Division. All told, some 700 MBTs, IFVs, and SPHs, as well as Iskander ballistic missile launchers were reported to have been repositioned to the west.
Starting during the early hours of February 24, 2022, elements of the 41st Army participated in the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, entering from the area of tripartite border (Russia, Ukraine, Belarus) and heading towards Kyiv, forming part of the Kyiv offensive (2022). Along the general direction toward Kyiv, it is believed that the 41st Army participated in the operation to attack and occupy the working Chernobyl power station.
Major-General Andrei Sukhovetsky, the deputy chief of the 41st army, was killed during the invasion on February 28. Parts of the 41st Combinded Arms Army were part of the forces fighting in the Battle of Siverskyi Donets.
Structure
June 1, 1942:
17th Guards Rifle Division
134th Rifle Division
135th Rifle Division
179th Rifle Division
234th Rifle Division
21st Armoured Brigade
Separate Engineer and Artillery units
September 1, 1942:
17th Guards Rifle Division
134th Rifle Division
179th Rifle Division
234th Rifle Division
21st Armoured Brigade
104th Armoured Brigade
Separate Engineer and Artillery units
December 1, 1942:
6th Rifle Corps
150th Rifle Division
74th Rifle Brigade
75th Rifle Brigade
78th Rifle Brigade
91st Rifle Brigade
17th Guards Rifle Division
93rd Rifle Division
134th Rifle Division
234th Rifle Division
262nd Rifle Division
1st Mechanized Corps
19th Mechanized Brigade
35th Mechanized Brigade
37th Mechanized Brigade
65th Tank Brigade
219th Tank Brigade
47th Mechanized Brigade
48th Mechanized Brigade
104th Armoured Brigade
154th Armoured Brigade
Separate Engineer and Artillery units
March 1, 1943:
17th Guards Rifle Division
93rd Rifle Division
134th Rifle Division
262nd Rifle Division
75th Rifle Brigade
78th Rifle Brigade
Separate Engineer and Artillery units
2009 composition
Headquarters - Novosibirsk
85th Motor Rifle Division - Novosibirsk
122nd Guards Motor Rifle Division - Aleysk
74th Separate Motor Rifle Brigade - Yurga
many other storage bases
2016 composition
Army Headquarters (Novosibirsk)
35th Separate Guards Motor Rifle Brigade (Aleysk)
55th Mountain Motor Rifle Brigade (Kyzyl, Tuva Republic)
7th Tank Brigade (Chebarkul Oblast) (together with the 32nd Separate Motor Rifle Brigade the 7th Tank Brigade was used to form the 90th Guards Tank Division in December 2016)
74th Guards Motor Rifle Brigade (Yurga)
119th Rocket Brigade (Yelansky) Brigade location now reported as Abakan in Khakassia.
120th Guards Artillery Brigade (Yurga)
61st Anti-Aircraft Rocket Brigade (Biysk)
35th Headquarters Brigade (Kochenyovo)
106th Separate Logistic Support Brigade (Yurga)
10th Separate NBC Protection Regiment (Topchikha)
Later (at least by 2020) the 24th (Kyzyl) and the 40th Engineer-Sapper Regiments (Ishim, Tyumen Oblast) were subordinated to the army.
Commanders
Soviet formation
Major General German Tarasov (May - December 1942)
Major General Ivan Managarov (December 1942 -March 1943)
Major General Iosif Popov (March - April 1943)
Russian formation
Lieutenant General Aleksandr Morozov (July 1998 - June 2001)
Lieutenant General Vladimir Kovrov (June 2001 - July 2003)
Major General (July 2003 - August 2004)
Lieutenant General Arkady Bakhin (October 2004 - January 2006)
Major General Aleksandr Galkin (January 2006 - April 2008)
Major General (May 2008 - June 2009)
Lieutenant General (June 2009 - October 2013)
Major General Khasan Kaloyev (October 2013 - January 2016)
Major General (January 2016 - November 2018)
Major General Yakov Rezantsev (November 2018 - August 2020)
Major General (August 2020 – present)
References
41st Army
60 лет Победы. 41-я армия
Russian Military Analisis, warfare.ru
041
Armies of the Russian Federation |
44498159 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wout%20van%20Aert | Wout van Aert | Wout van Aert (born 15 September 1994) is a Belgian professional road and cyclo-cross racer who currently rides for UCI WorldTeam . He won the men's elite race at the UCI Cyclo-cross World Championships in 2016, 2017 and 2018. He joined in March 2019, on a three-year deal after terminating his contract with in 2018.
Career
Van Aert was born in Herentals, Flanders, into a family not involved in bike racing. One of his father's cousins is Dutch former professional cyclist Jos van Aert. He started his career in cyclo-cross where he became World champion (2016, 2017, 2018) and Belgian champion (2016, 2017, 2018, 2021, 2022).
He rode the 2018 Strade Bianche, held partly on gravel roads in torrential rain. He broke away with Romain Bardet () and the pair led the race for much of the final before Tiesj Benoot () attacked from a chasing group to catch and then drop them in the final sector of dirt roads. Benoot soloed to victory by 39 seconds ahead of Bardet, who dropped van Aert in the final kilometre; van Aert ultimately completed the podium a further 19 seconds in arrears, despite having to remount his bicycle after falling on the final climb in Siena.
Transfer controversy
Van Aert rode with the team during road races in 2018. Over the year, he expressed dissatisfaction with the news that the team was set to merge with for 2019. Having already signed a contract to ride with from 2020 onwards, he terminated his contract with in September 2018. Were he to join another team for 2019, Sniper Cycling – the owners of the team – were said to be demanding €500,000 in compensation. were reported to be interested in signing van Aert a year earlier than originally agreed, and confirmation of the transfer was announced in December 2018, with van Aert joining the team from 1 March 2019.
Jumbo–Visma (2019–present)
2019
In June 2019, van Aert won two stages and the green jersey in the Critérium du Dauphiné, became national time trial champion, and won the bronze medal in the road race at the national championship. In July 2019, he was named in the startlist for the Tour de France. On 15 July, van Aert won Stage 10 from Saint-Flour to Albi, in a sprint finish ahead of Elia Viviani and Caleb Ewan. On 19 July, he had a crash during the individual time trial stage in Pau, and was forced to abandon the race due to his injuries. It was not known at the time whether he would recover for the cyclocross season or even the classics at the start of the 2020 road cycling season.
Van Aert later told newspaper Het Laatste Nieuws that the crash was so severe that it could have ended his career, worsened by a mistake during his surgery, when doctors did not properly work on one of his tendons. In November 2019, van Aert won the Flandrien of the Year award.
2020
On 1 August 2020, van Aert won the first rescheduled 2020 UCI World Tour race to be held following the COVID-19 pandemic, 2020 Strade Bianche after attacking solo with around 13 kilometres remaining. The following week, van Aert won the rescheduled 2020 Milan–San Remo after outsprinting French rider Julian Alaphilippe, the defending champion, of , in a two-up sprint, after the duo had broken away from the peloton on the descent of the Poggio. On 2 September 2020, he won the 5th stage of the Tour de France from Gap to Privas, in a light uphill sprint. He also won the sprint in the 7th stage Millau to Lavaur. At the 2020 World Championships in Imola van Aert won the silver medal in both the individual time trial and in the road race.
2021
Van Aert started the 2021 road season on 6 March at the Strade Bianche and came in fourth place. He then rode the Tirreno-Adriatico with Overall aspirations, winning the opening stage in a bunch sprint ahead of elite sprinters like Caleb Ewan and Elia Viviani. After consistent and strong performances in the rest of the race, including a victory in the last stage, a 10.1 kilometre time trial, he managed to win the points classification and finish second in the general classification behind the 2020 Tour champion Tadej Pogačar. After Tirreno-Adriatico van Aert became third in Milan–San Remo behind Jasper Stuyven and Caleb Ewan. On 28 March van Aert sprinted to victory in Gent-Wevelgem after making the winning selection during the early stages of the race. On 18 April van Aert won the Amstel Gold Race after a thrilling sprint which was decided by a photofinish before Tom Pidcock.
On 7 July van Aert won Stage 11 of the 2021 Tour de France by attacking on the last climb of Mount Ventoux over 32 kilometres from the finish. Afterwards van Aert said this victory on such an iconic mountain stage was the biggest win of his career. On 17 July 2021 Wout Van Aert won Stage 20, which was a 30.8 km individual time trial, in the time of 0h 35’ 53" [50.3 km/h]. On 18 July 2021 Wout van Aert won Stage 21 winning the 108.4 km final stage of the 2021 Tour de France to take his third stage win in the 108th Tour de France race, crossing the finish line on the Champs-Élysées beating Jasper Philipsen to second place and Mark Cavendish to third place. After the race, van Aert said that "I guess I gave myself a problem because I have to catch a flight tonight (to the Olympics) and all these interviews will take a while... (but) to win three stages like this is priceless". He was the first rider to win a mountain stage, a time trial and a bunch sprint at the same Tour since Bernard Hinault in 1979.
In the Olympic road race he finished 1' 07" behind winner Richard Carapaz but won the sprint in the chasing group, earning the silver medal.
In September 2021, van Aert won the Tour of Britain.
At the 2021 UCI Road World Championships he earned the silver medal in the individual time trial.
2022
Van Aert started the 2022 road season with a win in the Omloop Het Nieuwsblad after a 13 kilometre solo attack. He then won the time trial in Paris-Nice as well as the points classification. In the first monument of the year, Milan - San Remo, van Aert came 8th. He then won the E3 Saxo Bank Classic in an uncontested sprint with teammate Christophe Laporte with whom they attacked together on the Paterberg with 40 kilometres to Harelbeke and finished the race over one and a half minute ahead of the next group. A couple of days before the Tour of Flanders van Aert tested positive for COVID-19 and he had to forsake participation in the Tour of Flanders and the Amstel Gold Race. After two weeks without racing, van Aert returned with a second place in Paris-Roubaix. A week later, he came third on his debut in the Ardennes monument Liège–Bastogne–Liège.
Van Aert started off the 2022 Tour de France with three second place finishes, including the opening stage time trial, and stage 2 and 3 sprints. His results were good enough to take over the yellow and green jerseys after stage 2. Stage 4 was expected to be another bunch sprint finish, but with 10 kilometres to go Team Jumbo-Visma orchestrated an attack up the final climb of the day, the 900-metre ascent up Cote du Cap Blanc-Nez. At the top of the climb, Van Aert broke free and rode solo to the finish, flapping his arms like he was flying as he crossed the finish line. Adam Blythe of Eurosport commented that he had never seen an attack like this before, and Phil Liggett, an analyst for the American TV audience on NBC, said that this attack reminded him of Eddy Merckx. By this point, his lead in the points competition was substantial. Stage 5 on the cobbles was a near disaster for the team, but thanks in part to Van Aert's strong riding near the end of the stage the losses were limited. He lost the jersey on stage 6, after forcing the successful breakaway, but eventually he was caught and dropped. He rode much of the stage at the front of a three rider breakaway and eventually on his own being awarded the red number on stage 7 for his efforts. Stage 8 looked to be a day for a breakaway to win, but Team Jumbo-Visma kept it in check and ran the breakaway down at the foot of the final climb. The stage ended in an uphill bunch sprint with Michael Matthews and yellow jersey holder Tadej Pogačar leading it out. Wout van Aert at first appeared blocked out, but when a gap appeared he pounced—no one could match his speed. This was his second win in this tour, and his 8th individual stage win overall. By the end of the second week his lead in the green jersey competition was all but insurmountable, with Van Aert having more than double the points of 2nd place Pogačar. On stage 18, which ended with a mountaintop finish on Hautacam, Van Aert attacked at kilometre zero. He was brought back, but then attacked again in the following breakaways and essentially stayed away all day. On the final climb he broke the final two breakaway riders in Thibault Pinot and Dani Martínez. The only two riders to finish ahead of him were Pogačar and Vingegaard, who all but secured the yellow jersey, meaning as long as both Van Aert and Vingegaard arrived in Paris in the same position Team Jumbo-Visma would be the first team to claim both the yellow and green jerseys since 1997. He won the final ITT in stage 20, and was then named Most Combative Rider of the entire tour. On the final day in Paris he crossed the finish line about a minute after the sprinters together with his surviving teammates.
Personal life
Wout van Aert married Sarah de Bie in 2018, and the couple gave birth to their son, Georges in 2021.
Career achievements
References
External links
1994 births
Living people
Belgian male cyclists
Cyclo-cross cyclists
People from Herentals
Cyclists from Antwerp Province
Olympic cyclists of Belgium
Olympic silver medalists for Belgium
Cyclists at the 2020 Summer Olympics
Olympic medalists in cycling
Medalists at the 2020 Summer Olympics
Belgian cyclo-cross champions
Danmark Rundt winners
Belgian Tour de France stage winners
UCI Cyclo-cross World Champions (men) |
44498197 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy%20of%20the%20Netherlands%20from%201500%E2%80%931700 | Economy of the Netherlands from 1500–1700 | The history of the Dutch economy has faced several ups and downs throughout the 16th and 17th centuries. It has undergone moments of prosperity and was one of the dominant world powers in the 17th Century. Its heavy involvement in the Atlantic Trade had a large impact on its economy and growth. There is no clear definition for the Atlantic Trade, but researchers have concluded it may be referred to as: Trade with the New World, and trade with Asia through the Atlantic including, but not limited to, imperialism and slavery based undertakings. Among the most important of these traders were the Dutch and the British. It is noted that these two nations experienced a more rapid growth than most due to their non-absolutist political institutions. This is only one of many beneficial factors that played a role in shaping growth and economic change within the Netherlands that occurred throughout the 16th and 17th centuries.
The Rise of Dutch Independence
The Dutch success in trade did not come without struggle and conflict. Studies show that the Dutch had several qualities that afforded their trade system to rise above other European states' throughout the duration of Atlantic trade. Dutch merchants have always had access and opportunities providing a gateway to profitable trade. They also obtained autonomy. Before the Dutch Revolt, the Dutch were under the control of the Habsburg Empire which limited the power of Dutch merchants and their influence on trade. The Empire had control and tried to gain even more over the fiscal revenues from the Netherlands. Conflict amongst the merchants and the empire began to grow and independence and new political institutions were the result.
During the Revolt, Dutch trade was revolutionized, and the 15th century marked a considerable expansion of the Dutch economy. Several important modifications were made to both the military and commercial strategies. Before long, the Dutch had gained access to Asian and American trade centers. Leading this drive to independence were merchants. Throughout this time the Dutch experienced growth in economic industries such as agriculture, shipping, and public finance. In 1590, the beginning of divergence between the South and North of Europe began to be noticeable, as well as the explosion of Dutch commerce and the early stages of Amsterdam growing as a large financial center. The growing Atlantic trade was edging out the once profitable Baltic route. With trade growing along this route and specialization prospering, the Dutch were ultimately victorious in their pursuits against the Habsburgs.
Israel states:
From 1590, there was a dramatic improvement in the Republic's economic circumstances. Commerce and shipping expanded enormously, as did the towns. As a result, the financial power of the states rapidly grew, and it was possible to improve the army vastly, both qualitatively, and quantitatively, within a short space of time. The army increased from 20,000 men in 1588 to 32,000 by 1595, and its artillery, methods of transportation, and training were transformed. By 1629, the Dutch were able to field an army of 77,000 men, 50 percent larger than the Spanish army of Flanders″
The Dutch prospered immensely during this time. The leading benefactor of this growth was trade and the means of which they manifested it.
They did so particularly through conflict and specialization. Now we see the importance of competitive goods, the Dutch traded what was in demand and the strategy proved to be very favorable for them. They were long distance tradesmen and had some breathing space as far as trade regulations went, which also contributed to their growth. This is in comparison with the previous Habsburg restrictions. In his article, Acemuglu uses this evidence to prove that Atlantic trade led to the enrichment of merchants, which resulted in the development of political institutions. Said institutions are responsible for constraining the power of the crown.
War and Conflict
The Eighty Years' War also goes by the name: ‘The War of Dutch Independence’ (1568-1648). The war was a spurred by a revolt of the seventeen provinces within the Habsburg Empire. Phillip II of Spain was leading the Habsburgs in the initial stages of the war. The war began due to high taxation within the Netherland regions. William of Orange, who had been exiled from the empire, led the revolting provinces to their first leg of success in the long war. Through the Dutch resistance and revolt, they had achieved the status of The Republic of the Seven United Netherlands in 1581 This declaration entered the Dutch and Habsburgs into a twelve-year truce, only to be disrupted once more by the start of a new war in 1619. The Thirty Years' War is known as one of the bloodiest wars in European history. It translated into a war of religions. It can also be recognized as a series of conflicts between feudalism and early capitalism (Evan, 2014: 36). The war ended with the Peace of Westphalia. The treated formally recognized the Dutch as an independent republic.
Fall of Antwerp
Antwerp was seized during the Eighty Wars' War from 1584 to 1585. Of the Seventeen Provinces and Northwestern Europe, Antwerp was the economic and financial center of these locations. Antwerp eventually became heavily involved in the rebellion against the Spanish Habsburgs. Ultimately, the city joined became the 'capital' of the Dutch Revolt. This status became official once they joined the Union of Utrecht in 1579. The Spanish held their ground against the defensive Dutch and because of their cannons and strong troops they proved to be successful in their siege of the land. Antwerp's Protestant population was forced to relocate or migrate from their once homeland. Many of the skilled craftsmen and merchants migrated northbound to ultimately provide the foundation for Dutch trade expansion and growth. Their new home formally became The United Provinces of the Netherlands or as previously mentioned: The Dutch Republic. Antwerp was also the home of the Shelde River Estuary Port. When the Spanish captured this port, it became a turning point in the war. Prior to the Fall of Antwerp, Portuguese had been sending gold, ivory, sugar, and other products from the Atlantic to the main port in Antwerp.
Dutch Trade Specialization: Competitive Goods
The United Provinces of the Netherlands were growing quickly when the truce was established. Their colonies spanned across five continents and their growth can be considered as what was ‘a new type of global trade and the formation of the world economy.’ The Dutch trade differed from its rivals in many ways. They paid close attention to the relation between risk and profit. If the potential profit was greater than the imposed risk, they were willing (and managed to) trade with their wartime enemies. The middle class played a key role also; they had a large amount of capital accrued within. Due to the Netherlands deficiency in mineral affluence, they had to find another source of profit. They began specializing in competitive goods. Competitive goods are defined as: A production of goods that are not dependent on a particular climate, deposits, and can be produced anywhere in the world. These goods included, but were not limited to: Scandinavian wood, means for shipbuilding, iron, copper, wheat, rye, North Sea Fish, and English wool. The Dutch faced the pressure of competition with several growing competitors. The Dutch focused on their growing agriculture, their domination in continental trade markets, and their widely praised skills as seafarers.
16th Century Dutch Economy
Fishing and agriculture shaped the economy of the Dutch in the 15th and 16th centuries. In the early 15th century, Antwerp in modern-day Belgium was the commercial capital of Northern Europe. The Dutch Revolt against Spanish Habsburgs had a large impact on the Fall of Antwerp in 1585. Those who inhabited those lands were in need of a new home that offered security. These peoples included merchants and Calvinist craftsmen. They eventually went to the Northern Netherlands. Holland and Zeeland were growing in population. These two provinces were also heavily involved in maritime operations and productions. For most of the 16th century, these lands were considered more rural than those of the southern Netherlands. They focused on slaughter cattle as a large means of trade.
At the end of the 16th century the Dutch had vastly expanded their maritime explorations. They spanned to Asia, the Mediterranean, and across the Atlantic. The Dutch were making their way to become a major world power. In 1595, Dutch voyages to Asia began with Cornelis de Houtman. The night before his voyage began, the Dutch had already established four trading networks within the Transatlantic. These networks included Spain with Spanish America and Portugal with their Brazilian colonial holding.
Transition to Trade of Non-Competitive Goods
Non-competitive goods are referred to as: goods that are produced in only one spot. Non-competitive goods include: sugar and tobacco from the Caribbean, tea, pepper, camphor, spices, sandalwood and teak wood from Southeast Asia, cinnamon and cloves from Ceylon, and Chinese and Japanese porcelain and silk. The Netherlands were becoming a melting pot for religious acceptation and variation. The goods they produced were affected by the religions of those who had migrated into their lands. The Dutch were able to overcome their Portuguese rival by manifesting such effort into the trade of these particular goods.
Some historians argue that sugar acted as the product that drove the expansion into the Atlantic by the Dutch. This trade pressured the Dutch to gain access to Brazil from South America. In 1585, Phillip II gave permission to Dutch rebels to take ships to Brazil in order to conduct business as a favor to Spanish Merchants. They originally sent three ships. A few years later, 14 Dutch ships continued sailing to Brazil, carrying cargo for these Spanish merchants. In between times of war, these ships frequently had to stop at a neutral country mid-trip and adopt a new nationality for the time being. By the late of the 1590s, approximately eighteen Dutch ships had gained access to Brazil. These ships would bring back mostly sugar, but also Brazilian wood, cotton, and ginger.
17th Century Dutch Trade
A truce that occurred amongst the Dutch Republic and Spain in 1609 opened up trade access to the Mediterranean to the Dutch. This was the first time Dutch ships had gained such access since they had entered into trade with Asia. The Dutch East India Company was established in 1602. It is also referred to as the VOC. This company was a crucial tool used to control Dutch colonial and commercial trade affairs. Investors within the company were granted an allotted percentage of profits depending on the sum of the capital invested. With the help of this company, the Dutch expanded their occupation to Cape Town, Ceylon, and Malacca. They also established posts for trading in the latter two places. VOC imports into Europe consisted largely of spices, tea, coffee, drugs, perfumes, dyestuffs, sugar, and saltpeter. Half to two-thirds of the worth of Asian goods imported into Europe were accounted for in Dutch exports of precious metals. It wasn’t long before other nations caught onto this business and followed the Dutch trend. In the beginning of the 17th century, A round-trip from Europe to the East Indies during this time cost between thirty and thirty-two Euros per ton. Halfway through the 17th century, though, prices dropped to between sixteen and twenty-three euros per ton. The fall in price was due to the Dutch having to deal with Asian revolts in their local waters, building forts, conferring agreements, displaying the flag, and often keeping away their fellow European competitors. All of these conflicts occurred leading up to 1640. In the time following, the Dutch East India Company developed a smaller fleet of ships to deal with these problems.
During the truce, the Dutch also began producing their own tobacco. They had originally 'bartered' with the Indians for tobacco, but after they expanded to the West Indies they began to produce their own. Before long, the Dutch were on par with the Spaniards in terms of how much tobacco they made. This product trade also established Dutch connections with Virginia. A huge segment of trade of Virginia tobacco fell into the Dutch realm. At the beginning of the 17th century, the center of Northern European tobacco trade was located in Zeeland.
Still in the midst of the Thirty Years War, Phillip III attempted to prevent the Dutch from furthering their growth into the West and East Indies. He did so by offering peace and independence in exchange. They declined, though, as they had already manifested a great deal of investors in the Dutch East India Company. In 1621, The Dutch West India Company was founded. This Company’s focus was primarily on trade with Latin America and Africa. The Dutch were prospering like never before from their newfound commerce and enterprise. The 17th Century was a time that the Dutch had experienced what was the highest standard of living in all of Europe. Their overseas trade within their two companies had afforded them to become the largest naval fleet in the world. This fleet was the means for the Dutch to patrol and dominate long-term trade routes. The fleet also allowed their colonial provisions and power to grow even further. Despite potential setbacks that fighting with the Portuguese could have caused the Dutch were successful in these battles in several aspects. They gained control over more territories in Southeast Asia. They included: Sumatra, Java, Malay Peninsula, southern region of Borneo, and the islands of the Moluccas and West New Guinea. They even expanded as far as a settlement in Australia; however it did not last due to lack of economic profit. The Dutch were so profit-focused that they even exchanged New Amsterdam for Archipelago with Britain. The small island in Moluccas was home to a large stock of spices.
Anglo-Dutch Conflict in the 17th Century
Relations with the British took a turn for the worst in the late 17th Century. In 1661, the British passed the Navigation Acts in order to prevent its colonies from trading with overseas merchants and/or vessels. This act was arguably passed as an offensive move towards the Dutch due to their triumph in global commerce. The passing of this act resulted in three separate Anglo-Dutch wars throughout 1652-1675. The first war lasted throughout 1652-1654. The British won this war and took with them 1,000 Dutch merchant ships.
The second of these wars was a result of two incidents. The first occurred when the English captured two Dutch posts located in West Africa and the latter incident being the taking of New Amsterdam. This was a rather detrimental war to both sides and ended due to exhaustion of materials and power. The war concluded, though, and both sides claimed victory in this war that lasted from 1664-1674.
The third Anglo-Dutch War the British gave support to the French to invade the Dutch. Due to common concern in waging war with the Dutch, both the French and British signed the Treaty of Dover. The Dutch had since allied with the Spanish (Nelson-Burns). The war resulted in the defeat of the Dutch. The Dutch were forced to retreat from southern trade and the English ultimately gained their losses.
Competing Nations
The Dutch had competed in trade industries with the British for a very long time. By the 18th century, the British had begun to catch up due to their mercantilist ideologies and practices. The fourth Anglo-Dutch war proved to be crucial in the downfall of the Dutch during their prosperous trading time. The British had sustained a blockade that proved to be impenetrable by the Dutch. Trading had come to a halt. Britain was on the verge of an industrial revolution and close to finally beating out its long time European competitors. Trade within the VOC was immensely affected by the loss of the Dutch in this war and they had maintained large amounts of public debts also. The company was of great importance to the Dutch and it was kept alive by the emergency aid coming from the States of Holland.
Notes
References
Acemoglu, Daron, Simon Johnson, and James Robinson. "The Rise Of Europe: Atlantic Trade, Institutional Change, And Economic Growth." American Economic Review (2005): 546-79. Print.
Boxer, Charles Ralph, The Dutch Seaborne Empire, 1600-1800, p. 18, Taylor & Francis, 1977
Braudel, Fernand. The Mediterranean and the Mediterranean world in the age of Philip II, Vol. II. Reprint,Berkeley:Universityof CaliforniaPress,1995.
De Vries, Jan. "The Limits Of Globalization In The Early Modern World." The Economic History Review (2010–12). Print.
Evan, Tomas. "Chapters of Economic History" (2014). Karolinum Press. Print.
Glete, Jan. War and the State in Early Modern Europe: Spain, the Dutch Republic, and Sweden as Fiscal-military States, 1500-1660. London: Routledge, 2002. Print.
Harreld, Donald. “Dutch Economy in the “Golden Age” (16th-17th Centuries)”. EH.Net Encyclopedia, edited by Robert Whaples. August 12, 2004
Israel, Jonathan I. “Spanish Wool Exports and the European Economy, 1610-1640.” Economic History Review 33 (1980): 193-211.
Israel, Jonathan I., Dutch Primacy in World Trade, 1585-1740. (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1989).
Maanen, H. van, Encyclopedie van misvattingen, (2002). Online.
Nettles, Curtis. British Mercantilism and the Economic Development of the Thirteen Colonies (1952). Print.
Nelson-Burns, Lesley. "The Contemplator's Short History of the Anglo-Dutch Wars." The Contemplator's Short History of the Anglo-Dutch Wars. Web.
Postma, J., & Enthoven, V. (2003). Riches From Atlantic Commerce : Dutch Transatlantic Trade and Shipping, 1585-1817 / Edited by Johannes Postma and Victor Enthoven. Leiden: Brill.
Tracy, James D. The Rise of Merchant Empires: Long-distance trade in the early modern world, 1350-1750. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990.
van Zanden, Jan L. The Rise and Decline of Holland's Economy. Manchester: University of Manchester Press, 1993.
Early Modern Netherlands
Economic history of the Dutch Republic |
23574485 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C4%83l%C4%83ie%C8%99ti%2C%20Orhei | Mălăiești, Orhei | Mălăiești is a commune in Orhei District, Moldova. It is composed of two villages, Mălăiești and Tîrzieni.
References
Communes of Orhei District |
23574505 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piatra%2C%20Orhei | Piatra, Orhei | Piatra is a commune in Orhei District, Moldova. It is composed of two villages, Jeloboc and Piatra.
References
Communes of Orhei District |
44498198 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Misra%20%26%20Gries%20edge%20coloring%20algorithm | Misra & Gries edge coloring algorithm | The Misra & Gries edge coloring algorithm is a polynomial time algorithm in graph theory that finds an edge coloring of any graph. The coloring produced uses at most colors, where is the maximum degree of the graph. This is optimal for some graphs, and by Vizing's theorem it uses at most one color more than the optimal for all others.
It was first published by Jayadev Misra and David Gries in 1992. It is a simplification of a prior algorithm by Béla Bollobás.
This algorithm is the fastest known almost-optimal algorithm for edge coloring, executing in time. A faster time bound of was claimed in a 1985 technical report by Gabow et al., but this has never been published.
In general, optimal edge coloring is NP-complete, so it is very unlikely that a polynomial time algorithm exists. There are however exponential time exact edge coloring algorithms that give an optimal solution.
Fans
A color x of an edge (u,v) is said to be free on u if c(u,z) ≠ x for all (u,z) E(G) : z≠v.
A fan of a vertex u is a sequence of vertices F[1:k] that satisfies the following conditions:
F[1:k] is a non-empty sequence of distinct neighbors of u
(F[1],u) E(G) is uncolored
The color of (F[i+1],u) is free on F[i] for 1 ≤ i < k
Given a fan F, any edge (F[i], X) for 1 ≤ i ≤ k is a fan edge. Let c and d be colors. A cdX-path is an edge path that goes through vertex X, only contains edges colored c and d and is maximal (we cannot add any other edge as it would include edges with a color not in {c, d}). Note that only one such path exists for a vertex X, as at most one edge of each color can be adjacent to a given vertex.
Rotating a fan
Given a fan F[1:k] of a vertex X, the "rotate fan" operation does the following (in parallel):
c(F[i],X)=c(F[i+1],X)
Uncolor (F[k],X)
This operation leaves the coloring valid, as for each i, c(F[i + 1], X) was free on (F[i], X).
Inverting a path
The operation "invert the cdX-path" switches every edge on the path colored c to d and every edge colored d to c. Inverting a path can be useful to free a color on X if X is one of the endpoints of the path: if X was adjacent to color c but not d, it will now be adjacent to color d, not c, freeing c for another edge adjacent to X. The flipping operation will not alter the validity of the coloring since for the endpoints, only one of {c, d} can be adjacent to the vertex, and for other members of the path, the operation only switches the color of edges, no new color is added.
Algorithm
algorithm Misra & Gries edge coloring algorithm is
input: A graph G.
output: A proper coloring c of the edges of G.
Let U := E(G)
while U ≠ ∅ do
Let (u, v) be any edge in U.
Let F[1:k] be a maximal fan of u starting at F[1] = v.
Let c be a color that is free on u and d be a color that is free on F[k].
Invert the cdu path
Let w ∈ V(G) be such that w ∈ F, F' = [F[1]...w] is a fan and d is free on w.
Rotate F' and set c(u, w) = d.
U := U − {(u, v)}
end while
Proof of correctness
The correctness of the algorithm is proved in three parts. First, it is shown that the inversion of the cdu path guarantees a vertex w such that w ∈ F, F' = [F[1]...w] is a fan and d is free on w. Then, it is shown that the edge coloring is proper and requires at most Δ + 1 colors.
Path inversion guarantee
Prior to the inversion, there are two cases:
The fan has no edge colored d. Since F is a maximal fan and d is free on F[k], this implies there is no edge with color d adjacent to u, otherwise, if there was, this edge would be after F[k], as d is free on F[k], but F was maximal, which is a contradiction. Thus, d is free on u, and since c is also free on u, the cdu path is empty and the inversion has no effect on the graph. Set w = F[k].
The fan has one edge with color d. Let (u,F[x+1]) be this edge. Note that x + 1 ≠ 1 since (u,F[1]) is uncolored. Thus, d is free on F[x]. Also, x ≠ k since the fan has length k but there exists a F[x + 1]. We can now show that after the inversion, for each y ∈ {1, ..., x − 1, x + 1, ..., k}, the color of (F[y + 1], u) is free on F[y]. Note that prior to the inversion, the color of (u, F[y + 1]) is not c or d, since c is free on u and (u, F[x + 1]) has color d and the coloring is valid. The inversion only affects edges that are colored c or d, so (1) holds.
F[x] can either be in the cdu path or not. If it is not, then the inversion will not affect the set of free colors on F[x], and d will remain free on it. We can set w = F[x]. Otherwise, we can show that F is still a fan and d remains free on F[k]. Since d was free on F[x] before the inversion and F[x] is on the path, F[x] is an endpoint of the cdu path and c will be free on F[x] after the inversion. The inversion will change the color of (u, F[x + 1]) from d to c. Thus, since c is now free on F[x] and (1) holds, F remains a fan. Also, d remains free on F[k], since F[k] is not on the cdu path (suppose that it is; since d is free on F[k], then it would have to be an endpoint of the path, but u and F[x] are the endpoints). Select w = F[k].
In any case, the fan F' is a prefix of F, which implies F' is also a fan.
The edge coloring is proper
This can be shown by induction on the number of colored edges. Base case: no edge is colored, this is valid. Induction step: suppose this was true at the end of the previous iteration. In the current iteration, after inverting the path, d will be free on u, and by the previous result, it will also be free on w. Rotating F' does not compromise the validity of the coloring. Thus, after setting c(u,w) = d, the coloring is still valid.
The algorithm requires at most Δ + 1 colors
In a given step, only colors c and d are used. Since u is adjacent to at least one uncolored edge and its degree is bounded by Δ, at least one color in {1,...,Δ} is available for c. For d, F[k] may have degree Δ and no uncolored adjacent edge. Thus, a color Δ + 1 may be required.
Complexity
At each step, the rotation uncolors the edge (u,w) while coloring edges (u,F[1]) and (u,v) which was previously uncolored. Thus, one additional edge gets colored. Hence, the loop will run times. Finding the maximal fan, the colors c and d and invert the cdu path can be done in time. Finding w and rotating F' takes time. Finding and removing the edge (u,v) can be done using a stack in constant time (pop the last element) and this stack can be populated in time. Thus, each iteration of the loop takes time, and the total running time is .
References
Graph coloring
Graph algorithms |
17334496 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fleet%20carrier | Fleet carrier | A fleet carrier is an aircraft carrier designed to operate with the main fleet of a nation's navy. The term was developed during World War II, to distinguish it from the escort carrier and other less capable types. In addition to many medium-sized carriers, supercarriers, as well as some light carriers, are also classed as fleet carriers.
History
Aircraft carriers were designed in the years between World War I and World War II. Flight decks were installed on several different types of ships to explore the possibilities of operating naval aircraft without the performance limitations of flotation devices required for seaplanes and flying boats. The most successful of these early aircraft carriers were built from battlecruisers. Battlecruisers typically had a speed of about , which was several knots faster than the speed of contemporary battleships. Additional speed was not necessary for maintaining station with the battle fleet, but enabled the carrier to catch up with the battle fleet after temporarily leaving formation to turn into the wind for launch or recovery of aircraft. The speed of the carrier during launch effectively decreased the takeoff distance for embarked aircraft, so faster carriers could operate heavier aircraft with greater range and superior combat capability. As such naval aircraft became operational, no nation could risk fielding less capable aircraft; so the speed of later purpose-designed aircraft carriers was set by the speed of the converted battle cruisers. The Washington Naval Treaty of 1922 limited the displacement of purpose-designed aircraft carriers to 23,000 tons.
The idea of a modern fleet carrier was developed in 1931 by Admirals J.J. Clark and Harry E. Yarnell of the United States Navy. Fleet carriers, instead of operating as scouts for the fleet, would operate in unison with the fleet, to ward off air attacks and to strike opposing forces from the air. Cruisers and destroyers would protect fleet carriers. The fleet carriers would then displace battleships as the preeminent assets of the surface fleet. A fleet carrier would carry more than 50 aircraft, and be fast enough to keep up with other major elements of the fleet, such as cruisers and battleships.
As combat experience demonstrated the importance of aircraft carriers, numerous ships were rapidly converted to operate aircraft during World War II; and it became important to differentiate ships with the speed and size allowed by the Washington Naval Treaty from ships that were slower and/or carried fewer aircraft. Ships of similar speed carrying fewer aircraft were identified as light aircraft carriers (CVL) and ships of lower speed became known as escort aircraft carriers (CVE). Fleet aircraft carrier became the term to distinguish front-line aircraft carriers from the generic description of any warship carrying aircraft.
In the post-war era, the United States Navy sought to give aircraft carriers a strategic bombing capability in addition to their tactical role. The largest bombs carried by carrier aircraft during the second world war had been about but experience had indicated some hardened targets like submarine pens were impervious to bombs of less than . The fleet carriers of World War II were incapable of operating meaningful numbers of aircraft large enough to carry such heavy bombs over anticipated distances with performance characteristics to avoid defending aircraft. The term fleet carrier then evolved to differentiate the supercarriers designed for strategic bombing roles from the older fleet carriers delegated limited tactical roles like anti-submarine (CVS) or amphibious warfare (LPH).
Comparison of World War II fleet carriers
The following is not an exhaustive list, but does provide context by comparing some examples, from three types, of fleet carriers active during WWII.
Embarked aircraft
The earliest carrier aircraft were designed as fighters, scouts and gunfire observers. Torpedo bombers were developed to slow enemy ships so friendly battleships might catch and sink them. Dive bombing tactics were developed as aircraft strength improved through the 1930s, but limited aircraft capacity encouraged production of dual-purpose fighter-bombers or scout-bombers rather than dedicated dive bombers. Japanese and American fleet carriers usually carried fighter squadrons, torpedo bomber squadrons, and dive bomber squadrons through World War II; but British fleet carriers were less likely to include a dive bomber squadron. The fleet carriers' longer range bombers were often used for the scouting role.
By the time of the Korean War, the typical United States Navy fleet carrier embarked two squadrons of jet fighters, two squadrons of piston fighter-bombers, and a squadron of attack planes. Smaller numbers of specialized aircraft were also carried, including night fighters, night-attack bombers, and planes uniquely modified for aerial reconnaissance, airborne early warning and control (AEW), electronic countermeasures (ECM), and carrier onboard delivery (COD). When the supercarriers became operational, they carried a heavy attack squadron, two light attack squadrons, and two fighter squadrons with similar numbers of specialized aircraft, except the night fighters and bombers. As improved aircraft sensors became available, one or more full squadrons of fighters and bombers became capable of night operations.
Early United States 21st-century fleet carriers typically embarked 45 McDonnell Douglas F/A-18 Hornet aircraft for traditional fighter, attack and ECM roles with twelve Sikorsky SH-60 Seahawk helicopters, four Northrop Grumman E-2 Hawkeye AEW aircraft and two Grumman C-2 Greyhound COD aircraft.
See also
Escort carrier
Helicopter carrier
List of aircraft carriers
Seaplane tender
References
Aircraft carriers |
17334508 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/41st%20Army | 41st Army | 41st Army may refer to:
Forty-First Army (Japan) (1944–1945), a part of the Imperial Japanese Army
41st Army (People's Republic of China), a former name of the 75th Group Army
41st Army (Russia), a field army of the Russian Ground Forces
See also
41st Army Corps (disambiguation)
41st Battalion (disambiguation)
41st Brigade (disambiguation)
41st Division (disambiguation)
41st Regiment (disambiguation)
41 Squadron (disambiguation) |
17334510 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perpich%20v.%20Department%20of%20Defense | Perpich v. Department of Defense | Perpich v. Department of Defense, 496 U.S. 334 (1990), was a case decided by the United States Supreme Court concerning the Militia Clauses of Article I, Section 8, of the United States Constitution, in which the court held that Congress may authorize members of the National Guard to be ordered to active federal duty for purposes of training outside the United States without either the consent of the governor of the affected state or the declaration of a national emergency. The plaintiff was Rudy Perpich, governor of Minnesota at the time.
In 1986, after governors George Deukmejian of California and Joseph E. Brennan of Maine refused to allow the deployment of their states' National Guard units to Central America for training, Congress passed the Montgomery Amendment, which prohibited state governors from withholding their consent. Massachusetts governor Michael Dukakis had also challenged the law, but lost in U.S. District Court in Boston in 1988.
See Also
State defense force#Federal activation
References
Further reading
External links
United States Supreme Court cases
United States Supreme Court cases of the Rehnquist Court
United States military case law
1990 in United States case law
National Guard (United States)
Governor of Minnesota
United States–Central American relations |
17334512 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/4432%20McGraw-Hill | 4432 McGraw-Hill | 4432 McGraw-Hill, provisional designation , is a background asteroid from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately in diameter. It was discovered on 2 March 1981, by American astronomer Schelte Bus at the Siding Spring Observatory in Australia. The likely S-type asteroid was named for the McGraw-Hill Telescope located at Kitt Peak, Arizona.
Orbit and classification
McGraw-Hill is a non-family asteroid from the main belt's background population. It orbits the Sun in the inner asteroid belt at a distance of 1.9–2.9 AU once every 3 years and 8 months (1,346 days; semi-major axis of 2.39 AU). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.21 and an inclination of 0° with respect to the ecliptic.
The asteroid was first observed as at Purple Mountain Observatory in October 1964. The body's observation arc begins with a precovery taken at Palomar Observatory in February 1977, or four years prior to its official discovery observation at Siding Spring.
Physical characteristics
McGraw-Hill is an assumed, stony S-type asteroid, in agreement with the albedo (see below) obtained by the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE).
Rotation period
During the Small Main-Belt Asteroid Lightcurve Survey, McGraw-Hill has been observed photometrically. The observations gave a small brightness variation of 0.06 magnitude but resulted in no useful rotational lightcurve (). As of 2018, the body's rotation period, pole and shape remain unknown.
Diameter and albedo
According to the survey carried out by the NEOWISE mission of NASA's WISE telescope, McGraw-Hill measures 3.042 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo of 0.254, while the Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link assumes a standard albedo for a stony asteroid of 0.20 and derives a diameter of 3.43 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 14.69.
Naming
This minor planet was named after the 1.3-meter McGraw-Hill Telescope located at the MDM Observatory at the Kitt Peak National Observatory site in Arizona, United States. The official naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 18 February 1992 ().
References
External links
Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB), query form (info )
Dictionary of Minor Planet Names, Google books
Discovery Circumstances: Numbered Minor Planets (1)-(5000) – Minor Planet Center
004432
Discoveries by Schelte J. Bus
Named minor planets
19810302 |
17334513 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/In%20the%20Mud | In the Mud | In The Mud is the second studio album by the American bluegrass band Split Lip Rayfield, released in 1999 (see 1999 in music).
It was the first album to include mandolin player Wayne Gottstine.
Critical reception
The Austin Chronicle wrote: "High-lonesome vocal harmonies and traditional instrumentation (except the trademark bass made from an auto gas tank) nominally bring this band under the 'bluegrass' category, but the ferocity of the playing and desperation of the lyrics would have Bill Monroe spinning in his grave like a chicken on a spit."
Track listing
All songs written by Kirk Rundstrom except where noted.
"13" – 2:09
"Wrong" – 2:26
"All I Got" (Gottstine) – 2:23
"In The Ground" (Mardis) – 2:39
"Family" – 2:24
"Devil" – 3:05
"Easy Street" (M. Montgomert, E. Montgomery; BMI) – 2:06
"Trouble" – 3:46
"3.2 Flu" (Gottstine) – 2:11
"Glory of the Sun" – 2:00
"Drinkin' Around" (Gottstine) – 1:21
"Hounds" (Mardis) – 3:12
"Strong" – 1:57
"Tennessee" – 2:17
"John" – 2:01
"Truckin' Song" (Gottstine) – 1:59
Personnel
Kirk Rundstrom - Guitar, Vocals, (Mandolin on "Glory")
Jeff Eaton - Gas Tank Bass, Vocals
Eric Mardis - Banjo, Dobro, Vocals
Wayne Gottstine - Mandolin, Vocals, (Guitar on "Wrong," "Glory," and "Drinkin")
References
1999 albums
Split Lip Rayfield albums
Bloodshot Records albums |
17334536 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Markert%20%28physicist%29 | John Markert (physicist) | John T. Markert is a professor in The University of Texas at Austin physics department and was department chair from 2005 to 2009. His group has done extensive research on high temperature superconducting materials, high-q oscillator experiments, dynamics of ferromagnets, nuclear magnetic resonance microscopy and spectroscopy, and optically switchable metal hydride films. A textbook written by Dr. Markert and Hans Ohanian, Physics for Engineers and Scientists, was released in 2008 by Norton Publishers. The book is for a calculus-based introductory course. As of 2008 his H (Hirsch number) index is 30..
Markert was born in the Bronx in 1957, the youngest of seven. He attended Regis High School, an all male, all scholarship Jesuit high school. Afterward, he did his undergraduate study at Bowdoin College in Brunswick, Maine. He received his graduate degree at Cornell University in Ithaca, New York, and did post-graduate work at the University of California, San Diego under Brian Maple. He was shortly afterward recruited by UT Austin to be an assistant professor in 1990.
References
1957 births
21st-century American physicists
Cornell University alumni
Bowdoin College alumni
Living people
University of California, San Diego alumni
University of Texas at Austin faculty
Fellows of the American Physical Society |
23574524 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Of%20Human%20Feelings | Of Human Feelings | Of Human Feelings is an album by American jazz saxophonist, composer, and bandleader Ornette Coleman. It was recorded on April 25, 1979, at CBS Studios in New York City with his band Prime Time, which featured guitarists Charlie Ellerbee and Bern Nix, bassist Jamaaladeen Tacuma, and drummers Calvin Weston and Coleman's son Denardo. It followed the saxophonist's failed attempt to record a direct-to-disc session earlier in March of the same year and was the first jazz album to be recorded digitally in the United States.
The album's jazz-funk music continued Coleman's harmolodic approach to improvisation with Prime Time, whom he had introduced on his 1975 album Dancing in Your Head. This approach emphasized natural rhythmic and emotional responses in a way that Coleman compared to a spirit of collective consciousness. He also drew on rhythm and blues influences from early in his career for Of Human Feelings, which had shorter and more distinct compositions than Dancing in Your Head, while applying free jazz principles from his music during the 1960s to elements of funk.
Following a change in his management, Coleman signed with Island Records, and Of Human Feelings was released in 1982 by its subsidiary label Antilles Records. Critics generally praised the album's expressive music and harmolodic approach, but it made little commercial impact and went out of print. Coleman enlisted his son Denardo as manager after a dispute with his former managers over the album's royalties, a change that inspired him to perform publicly again during the 1980s.
Background
By the end of the 1960s, Ornette Coleman had become one of the most influential musicians in jazz after pioneering its most controversial subgenre, free jazz, which jazz critics and musicians initially derided for its deviation from conventional structures of harmony and tonality. In the mid-1970s, he stopped recording free jazz, recruited electric instrumentalists, and pursued a new creative theory he called harmolodics. According to Coleman's theory, all the musicians are able to play individual melodies in any key, and still sound coherent as a group. He taught his young sidemen this new improvisational and ensemble approach, based on their individual tendencies, and discouraged them from being influenced by conventional styles. Coleman likened this group ethic to a spirit of "collective consciousness" that stresses "human feelings" and "biological rhythms", and said that he wanted the music, rather than himself, to be successful. He also started to incorporate elements from other styles into his music, including rock influences such as the electric guitar and non-Western rhythms played by Moroccan and Nigerian musicians.
Of Human Feelings was a continuation of the harmolodics approach Coleman had applied with Prime Time, an electric quartet introduced on his 1975 album Dancing in Your Head. The group comprised guitarists Charlie Ellerbee and Bern Nix, bassist Jamaaladeen Tacuma, and drummers Ronald Shannon Jackson and Denardo Coleman, Ornette Coleman's son. Tacuma was still in high school when Coleman enlisted him, and first recorded with Prime Time in 1975 for the album Body Meta, which was released in 1978. Tacuma had played in an ensemble for jazz organist Charles Earland, but Earland dismissed him as he felt audiences gave excessive attention to his playing. Coleman found Tacuma's playing ideal for harmolodics and encouraged him not to change. Although Coleman's theory initially challenged his knowledge and perception of music, Tacuma came to like the unconventional role each band member was given as a soloist and melodist: "When we read Ornette's music we have his notes, but we listen for his phrases and phrase the way he wants to. I can take the same melody, then, and phrase it like I want to, and those notes will determine the phrasing, the rhythm, the harmony – all of that."
Recording and production
In March 1979, Coleman went to RCA Records' New York studio to produce an album with Prime Time by direct-to-disc recording. They had mechanical problems with the studio equipment and the recording was rejected. The failed session was a project under Phrase Text, Coleman's music publishing company. He wanted to set up his own record company with the same name, and chose his old friend Kunle Mwanga as his manager. In April, Mwanga arranged another session at CBS Studios in New York City, and Coleman recorded Of Human Feelings there on April 25; the session was originally titled Fashion Faces. Jackson did not record with the band; instead, Calvin Weston was hired in his place to play simultaneously with Denardo Coleman. They recorded all the album's songs on the first take without any equipment problems.
The album's recording session was captured using a Sony PCM-1600 two-track digital recorder, a rare item at the time. According to journalist Howard Mandel, the passages played by the band sounded neither very soft or loud on the album, because it had been mixed with a middle-frequency range and compressed dynamics. Because of the equipment used, Coleman did not embellish the album with added effects and avoided overdubbing, multi-tracking, and remixing. According to him, Of Human Feelings was the first jazz album to be digitally recorded in the United States.
Composition and performance
According to The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Music (2004), Of Human Feelings features jazz-funk, a type of music that developed at the turn of the 1970s and was characterized by intricate rhythmic patterns, a recurrent bass line, and Latin rhythmic elements. Lloyd Sachs of the Chicago Sun-Times wrote that, although Coleman was not viewed as a jazz fusion artist, the album can be described as such because of its combination of free jazz and funk. Glenn Kenny disagreed and felt its boisterous style had more in common with the no wave genre and the artists of New York City's downtown music scene such as John Zorn. Jazz writer Stuart Nicholson viewed it as the culmination of Coleman's musical principles that dated back to his free jazz music in 1960, but reappropriated with a funk-oriented backbeat. According to jazz critic Barry McRae, "it was as if Coleman was translating the concept of the famous double quartet" from his 1961 album Free Jazz to what was required to perform jazz-funk.
Coleman incorporated traditional structures and rhythms, and other elements from the rhythm and blues music he had played early his career. According to Mandel, the album's simple, brisk music was more comparable to a coherent R&B band than jazz fusion. Although Coleman still performed the melodies on a song, he employed two guitarists for contrast to make each pair of guitarist and drummer responsible for either the rhythm or melody. Ellerbee provided accented linear counterpoint and Nix played variations of the song's melody, while Denardo Coleman and Weston played both polyrhythms and backbeats. On songs such as "Jump Street" and "Love Words", Ellerbee incorporated distortion into his guitar playing, which gave the songs a thicker texture. Tacuma and Ornette Coleman's instrumental responses were played as the foreground to the less prominent guitars. McRae remarked that Coleman and Prime Time exchanged "directional hints" throughout the songs, as one player changed key and the others modulated accordingly. The band made no attempt to harmonize their radically different parts while playing.
Of Human Feelings features shorter and more distinct compositions than Dancing in Your Head. "Sleep Talk", "Air Ship", and "Times Square" were originally performed by Coleman during his concerts in 1978 under the names "Dream Talking", "Meta", and "Writing in the Streets", respectively. "What Is the Name of That Song?" was titled as a sly reference to two of his older compositions, "Love Eyes" and "Forgotten Songs" (also known as "Holiday for Heroes"), whose themes were played concurrently and transfigured by Prime Time. The theme from "Forgotten Songs", originally from Coleman's 1972 album Skies of America, was used as a refrain. "Jump Street" is a blues piece, "Air Ship" comprises a six-bar riff, and the atonal "Times Square" has futuristic dance themes. "Love Words" heavily uses polymodality, a central feature of harmolodics, and juxtaposes Coleman's extended solo against a dense, rhythmically complex backdrop. Nicholson observed West African rhythms and collective improvisation rooted in New Orleans jazz on "Love Words", and suggested that "Sleep Talk" was derived from the opening bassoon solo in Igor Stravinsky's 1913 orchestral work The Rite of Spring. The latter track is led off by Tacuma's bass playing and, according to Premier Guitar journalist Nick Millevoi, is an ideal example of Prime Time's aesthetic and sound.
Marketing and sales
A few weeks after Of Human Feelings was recorded, Mwanga went to Japan to negotiate a deal with Trio Records to have the album released on Phrase Text. Trio, who had previously released a compilation of Coleman's 1966 to 1971 live performances in Paris, prepared to press the album once Mwanga provided the label with the record stamper. Coleman was also set to perform his song "Skies of America" with the NHK Symphony Orchestra, but cancelled both deals upon Mwanga's return from Japan. Mwanga immediately quit after less than four months as Coleman's manager. In 1981, Coleman hired Stan and Sid Bernstein as his managers, who sold the album's recording tapes to Island Records. He signed with the record label that year, and Of Human Feelings was released in 1982 on Island's subsidiary jazz label Antilles Records. Billboard magazine published a front-page story at the time about its distinction as both the first digital album recorded in New York City and the first digital jazz album recorded by an American label.
According to jazz writer Francis Davis, "a modest commercial breakthrough seemed imminent" for Coleman, who appeared to be regaining his celebrity. German musicologist Peter Niklas Wilson said the album may have been the most tuneful and commercial-sounding of his career at that point. The album's clean mix and relatively short tracks were interpreted as an attempt for radio airplay by Mandel, who described its production as "the surface consistency that would put it in the pop sphere". Of Human Feelings had no success on the American pop charts, however, only charting on the Top Jazz Albums, where it spent 26 weeks and peaked at number 15. Because the record offered a middle ground between funk and jazz, McRae argued that it consequently appealed to neither demographic of listeners. Sound & Vision critic Brent Butterworth speculated that it was overlooked because it had electric instruments, rock and funk drumming, and did not conform to what he felt was the hokey image of jazz that many of the genre's fans preferred. The album later went out of print.
Critical reception
Of Human Feelings received considerable acclaim from contemporary critics. Reviewing the album for Esquire in 1982, Gary Giddins hailed it as another landmark recording from Coleman and his most accomplished work of harmolodics, partly because of compositions which he found clearly expressed and occasionally timeless. In his opinion, the discordant keys radically transmute conventional polyphony and may be the most challenging part for listeners, who he said should concentrate on Coleman's playing and "let the maelstrom resolve itself around his center". Giddins also highlighted the melody of "Sleep Talk", deeming it among the best of the saxophonist's career. Kofi Natambu from the Detroit Metro Times wrote that Coleman's synergetic approach displays expressive immediacy rather than superficial technical flair while calling the record "a multi-tonal mosaic of great power, humor, color, wit, sensuality, compassion and tenderness". He found the songs inspirational, danceable, and encompassing developments in African-American music over the previous century. Robert Christgau called its "warm, listenable harmolodic funk" an artistic "breakthrough if not a miracle". He found its exchange of rhythms and simple melodies heartfelt and sophisticated, writing in The Village Voice, "the way the players break into ripples of song only to ebb back into the tideway is participatory democracy at its most practical and utopian."
Purist critics in jazz complained about the music's incorporation of danceable beats and electric guitar. In Stereo Review, Chris Albertson deemed the combination of saxophone and bizarre funk occasionally captivating but ultimately unfocused. Dan Sullivan of the Los Angeles Times believed the album's supporters in "hip rock circles" had overlooked flaws, arguing that Tacuma and Coleman's playing sound like a unique "beacon of clarity" amid an incessant background. Leonard Feather wrote in the Toledo Blade that the music is stylistically ambiguous, potentially controversial, and difficult to assess but interesting enough to warrant a listen.
At the end of 1982, Of Human Feelings the year's best album by Billboard editor Peter Keepnews, who viewed it as a prime example of fusing free jazz with modern funk. In year-end lists for The Boston Phoenix, James Hunter and Howard Hampton ranked the album number one and number four, respectively. It was voted 13th best in the Pazz & Jop, an annual poll of American critics nationwide, published in The Village Voice. Christgau, the poll's supervisor, ranked it number one in an accompanying list, and in 1990 he named it the second-best album of the 1980s.
Legacy
Coleman received $25,000 for the publishing rights to Of Human Feelings but said his managers sold it for less than the recording costs and that he did not receive any of its royalties. According to Stan Bernstein, Coleman had financial expectations that were "unrealistic in this business unless you're Michael Jackson". Antilles label executive Ron Goldstein felt the $25,000 Coleman received was neither a great nor a fair amount for someone in jazz. After he had gone over budget to record a follow-up album, Island did not release it nor pick up their option on him, and in 1983, he left the Bernstein Agency. He chose Denardo Coleman to manage his career while overcoming his reticence of public performance, which had been rooted in his distrust of doing business with a predominantly White music industry. According to Nicholson, "the man once accused of standing on the throat of jazz was welcomed back to the touring circuits with both curiosity and affection" during the 1980s. Coleman did not record another album for six years and instead performed internationally with Prime Time.
Retrospective appraisals have been favorable to Of Human Feelings. In a 1986 article for The New York Times on Coleman's work with Prime Time, Robert Palmer said the album was still innovative and radical by the standards of other music in 1982, three years after it was recorded. Because writers and musicians had heard its test pressing in 1979, the album's mix of jazz improvisation and gritty, punk and funk-derived energy sounded "prophetic" when it was released, Palmer explained. "The album is clearly the progenitor of much that has sounded radically new in the ongoing fusion of punk rock, black dance rhythms, and free jazz." AllMusic critic Scott Yanow said although Coleman's compositions never achieved popularity, they succeeded within the context of an album that showcased his distinctive saxophone style, which was high-brow yet catchy. Joshua Klein from The A.V. Club recommended Of Human Feelings as the best album for new listeners of Coleman's harmolodics-based music, while Chicago Tribune rock critic Greg Kot included it in his guide for novice jazz listeners; he named it one of the few albums that helped him both become a better listener of rock music and learn how to enjoy jazz. In 2008, New York magazine's Martin Johnson included it in his list of canonical albums from what he felt had been New York's sceneless yet vital jazz of the previous 40 years; Of Human Feelings exuded what he described as a spirit of sophistication with elements of funk, Latin, and African music, all of which were encapsulated by music that retained a jazz identity.
Track listing
All compositions were written by Ornette Coleman.
Personnel
Credits are adapted from the album's liner notes.
Musicians
Denardo Coleman – drums
Ornette Coleman – alto saxophone, production
Charlie Ellerbee – guitar
Bern Nix – guitar
Jamaaladeen Tacuma – bass guitar
Calvin Weston – drums
Additional personnel
Susan Bernstein – cover painting
Peter Corriston – cover design
Joe Gastwirt – mastering
Ron Saint Germain – engineering
Ron Goldstein – executive direction
Harold Jarowsky – second engineering
Steven Mark Needham – photography
Ken Robertson – tape operation
See also
Loft jazz
Punk jazz
References
Bibliography
External links
1982 albums
Antilles Records albums
Ornette Coleman albums
Jazz-funk albums
Funk albums by American artists
Jazz fusion albums by American artists
Instrumental albums
Albums recorded at CBS 30th Street Studio |
17334573 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jim%20Adduci%20%28baseball%2C%20born%201959%29 | Jim Adduci (baseball, born 1959) | James David Adduci (born August 9, 1959) is an American former professional baseball outfielder and first baseman who played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the St. Louis Cardinals, Milwaukee Brewers, and Philadelphia Phillies. He attended Southern Illinois University, where he played college baseball. He is the father of former MLB player Jim Adduci.
Career
On June 7, 1977, Adduci, after graduating from Chicago's Brother Rice High school, was drafted by the Philadelphia Phillies in the 28th round of the amateur draft. However, Adduci chose to continue his education instead. On June 3, 1980, Adduci was drafted by the St. Louis Cardinals in the 7th round of the amateur draft.
Adduci made his major league debut on September 12, 1983, with the Cardinals. Adduci was hitless in his only at bat in his debut. That year, Adduci had a batting average of .050 in 20 at bats. On October 2, 1984, he was traded with Paul Householder to the Milwaukee Brewers for three minor leaguers. Adduci made his Brewers debut in 1986, and had a batting average of .091 in 11 at-bats that season.
On April 19, 1987, Adduci was purchased by the San Francisco Giants from the Milwaukee Brewers, only to be sent back to Milwaukee a week later. On June 4, 1987, the Brewers released Adduci. Adduci finished 1987 playing for the Yokohama Taiyo Whales in Japan.
Adduci re-signed with the Brewers on January 18, 1988. That season, he had a batting average of .266 in 94 at-bats. Since he had three sacrifice flies, his on-base percentage was lower than his batting average, which is a very rare occurrence in Major League Baseball.
Prior to the 1989 season, Adduci was sent to the Philadelphia Phillies, hitting .368 in 19 at-bats. Adduci played his final major league game on July 26, 1989. After the 1989 season, he was granted free agency and never returned to the major leagues.
Adduci had a career batting average of .236, in 144 at-bats over the course of 70 games. All 15 of his career runs batted in came in the 1988 season, as well as his only career home run.
Post-playing career
After retirement following a 1990 season spent in the minor leagues, the Chicago native Adduci entered DePaul University, and in 1991 he earned a communications media degree. He ran summer baseball camps for the cities of Evergreen Park and Oak Lawn. As parents requested private instruction for their children, Adduci decided to open a storefront children's baseball school in Chicago, and ran it there through the summer of 1992.
As of 1993, Adduci was living in Evergreen Park, with his wife, two daughters and a son. He was running the baseball school in a more spacious location in Tinley Park. Fellow ex-professionals Steve Otto and Tim Pyznarski were on staff helping Adduci as instructors.
Although feeling professional baseball was too much of a business and that he did not get a shot at a major-league career, Adduci said he loved baseball and building up kids' self-esteem by teaching them the sport. During his playing career, he befriended players like Paul Molitor and Andy Van Slyke, who named Adduci the godfather of his son.
Currently, Adduci works for the Chicago Bulls/Sox Training Academy as the director of the White Sox Elite baseball program and as a hitting instructor.
References
External links
Jim Adduci at SABR (Baseball BioProject)
1959 births
Living people
American expatriate baseball players in Japan
Baseball players from Chicago
Major League Baseball outfielders
Major League Baseball first basemen
Milwaukee Brewers players
Philadelphia Phillies players
Southern Illinois Salukis baseball players
St. Louis Cardinals players
Yokohama Taiyō Whales players
Arkansas Travelers players
Denver Zephyrs players
Johnson City Cardinals players
Louisville Redbirds players
Scranton/Wilkes-Barre Red Barons players
St. Petersburg Cardinals players
Vancouver Canadians players
American expatriate baseball players in Canada |
17334584 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George%20Butler%20%28record%20producer%29 | George Butler (record producer) | George Butler (September 2, 1931 – April 9, 2008) was a prominent American jazz record producer, executive and A&R man. He worked for a number of well-known jazz record labels from the 1960s to the 1990s including Blue Note Records, Columbia Records and United Artists Records. He signed and launched the careers of a number of now famous artists including Wynton Marsalis, Harry Connick Jr. and Nnenna Freelon.
Biography
Butler was born in Charlotte, North Carolina, and studied at Howard University before going on to earn a master's degree in music education from Columbia University. In the early 1960s, he began working as an A&R executive for United Artists Records, where a few years later he was instrumental in establishing its Solid State Records jazz subsidiary.
He took over the running of subsidiary label, Blue Note, in 1972, helping to increase interest in the jazz format with numerous jazz-soul crossover projects aimed at a more mainstream audience, including albums by Donald Byrd, Earl Klugh, Ronnie Laws, and Bobbi Humphrey, as well as working with prominent jazz musicians from the 1960s, including Horace Silver and Bobby Hutcherson.
In the late 1970s, he became vice president for jazz and progressive artists and repertory at Columbia Records, staying into the mid-1990s. He helped to persuade Miles Davis to return to recording in 1980 and signed or was executive producer for fusion and soul-jazz acts, such as Bob James, Billy Cobham, and Grover Washington Jr.
Butler died of complications from Alzheimer's disease in Castro Valley, California, at the age of 76.
References
2008 deaths
1931 births
American music industry executives
A&R people
Howard University alumni
Teachers College, Columbia University alumni
20th-century American businesspeople
Businesspeople from Charlotte, North Carolina |
6904469 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20military%20equipment%20of%20the%20Canadian%20Army%20during%20the%20Second%20World%20War | List of military equipment of the Canadian Army during the Second World War | At the beginning of the Second World War, Canada did not have an extensive manufacturing industry besides car manufacturing. Therefore, most of Canadian weapons and equipment during the war were imported from either Britain or the US.
Knives and bayonets
Small
Pistols
Submachine guns
Rifles
Grenades and grenade launchers
This list is grossly incomplete, listing a small fraction of approximately 30 grenade varieties used by Canadians during World War II.
Flamethrowers
Flamethrower, Portable, No 2 "Ack-Pack"
Machine guns
Infantry and dual-purpose machine guns
Vehicle and aircraft machine guns
Artillery
Infantry mortars
Heavy mortars & rocket launchers
Land Mattress
C-21 UCM -
Field artillery
Anti-tank guns
Anti-tank weapons (besides anti-tank guns)
Boys Anti-Tank Rifle
PIAT-1943-1950s
Clam Magnetic Mine
Mk 5 mine
Mk 2 mine
Bazooka
Bangalore torpedo (not a grenade or anti-tank)
Anti-aircraft weapons
Vehicles
Canada produced a wide variety of combat vehicles during World War II domestically, but all primary fighting vehicles were imported because of manufacturing quality concerns.
Tankettes
Carden Loyd Mk IV tankette - not used in combat
Tanks
Self-propelled guns
Tank-based
Other
M3 75mm Gun Motor Carriage - M3 Half-track equipped with the M1A1 75 mm gun
Armored cars
Engineering and command
Sherman Ib recovery vehicle
Tractors & prime movers
Miscellaneous vehicles
Aircraft
Although the Canadian government purchased and built thousands of military aircraft for use by the RCAF Home War Establishment (RCAF Eastern Air Command and RCAF Western Air Command) and the Canadian-based units of the British Commonwealth Air Training Plan, under the provisions of the plan Canada was to provide the training aircraft and facilities and a very large number of Canadian airmen would be committed to go overseas to fight in Article XV squadrons formed in the Great Britain and known as 400 series squadrons of the Royal Canadian Air Force. Forty-four of these squadrons were formed and most under this agreement were equipped by the British largely from their stocks and that is why many of the types of aircraft flown in combat in great numbers (such as the North American Mustang, Boulton Paul Defiant, Bristol Beaufighter, hundreds of Supermarine Spitfires of various marks, British built Avro Lancasters, Vickers Wellington, Hawker Typhoon, Short Sunderland, etc.) by most of the RCAF squadrons engaged in the fighting are missing from the following list altogether (or the quantities actually used by the RCAF overseas are not included in the numbers given below).
Fighters
Attack aircraft
Bombers
Reconnaissance aircraft
Trainers
Transports
Radars
Night Watchman (NW), 200-MHz, 1-kW prototype of SW radars (from 1940)
SW1C - surface-warning radar for merchant ships and frigates (from 1941)
SW2C - frequency changed to 215 MHz (1942)
SW3C - miniaturization to fit on torpedo boats, plan-position indicator (1943)
CD radar - coastal defense only (from 1942)
CDX radar - improvements and export to USSR (from 1943)
GL IIIC - mobile air search radar (from 1941)
Type 268 – 10 GHz submarine snorkel search radar (from 1944)
MEW/AS - 2.8 GHz, 300 kW submarine detection radar (from 1943)
MEW/HF - air search radar (from 1943)
2 other unknown radar types used operationally
18 radar types developed but never used
Cartridges and shells
Uniforms, Load Bearing and Protective Equipment
Uniforms
Load bearing equipment
Head dress
See also
List of infantry weapons of the Canadian military
References
External links
www.canadiansoldiers.com/weapons
Canadian Army World War II |
23574542 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yuri%20Bondarev | Yuri Bondarev | Yuri Vasilyevich Bondarev (, 15 March 1924 — 29 March 2020) was a Soviet and Russian writer and screenwriter. He was best known for co-authoring the script for the serial film franchise Liberation (1968–71).
Biography
Bondarev took part in World War II as an artillery officer and became a member of the CPSU in 1944. He graduated in 1951 from the Maxim Gorky Literature Institute. His first collection of stories entitled On a Large River was published in 1953.
His first successes in literature, the novels The Battalions Request Fire (1957) and The Last Salvoes (1959) were part of a new trend of war fiction which dispensed with pure heroes and vile villains in favor of emphasizing the true human cost of war. The Last Salvos was adapted for the cinema in 1961. His next novels Silence (1962), The Two (1964) and Relatives (1969) established him as a leading Soviet writer. His novel Silence became a landmark as the first work to depict a citizen who had been wrongly sentenced to the Gulag. His novels generally cover topics of ethics and personal choices.
In the novel The Hot Snow (1969) he again used the theme of war, creating an epic canvas dealing with the Battle of Stalingrad from the viewpoint of its many participants including common soldiers and military commanders. In his novel The Shore (1975), a Soviet writer learns that a German woman, with whom he had a passionate love affair as a young officer, still loves him. He dies before reaching the promised "shore" of his youthful dream. In The Choice (1980) a terminally ill expatriate kills himself on a visit to Moscow so that he can be buried in the city of his youth. His fate causes an old Soviet friend of his to engage in a painful exploration of existential questions.
Bondarev did also much work for the cinema. Besides adapting his own novels for the screen, he co-authored the script for the serial film Liberation.
In political life during the early 1990s, Bondarev participated in Russia's national-communist opposition politics, belonging to the National Salvation Front leadership. Bondarev was a member of the central committee of the hardline Communist Party of the RSFSR at the end of the Mikhail Gorbachev era; in July 1991 he signed the anti-Perestroika declaration "A Word to the People".
Bondarev died on 29 March 2020 in Moscow at the age of 96.
Awards
Hero of Socialist Labour
Order of Lenin, twice
Order of the Red Banner of Labour
Order of the October Revolution
Order of the Patriotic War, 2nd class
Order of the Badge of Honour
Medal For Courage, twice (14 October 1943, 21 June 1944)
Honorary Citizen of the Hero City of Volgograd
Alexander Fadeyev Medal for Military Literature
State Prize of the USSR, 1977, for his novel The Shore
State Prize of the USSR, 1983, for his novel The Choice
State Prize of the RSFSR Vasiliev brothers (1975) – a script for the movie "Hot Snow" (1972)
Alexander Dovzhenko Gold Medal for the screenplay of The Hot Snow (1972)
Leo Tolstoy Award for Literature
Mikhail Sholokov Award for Literature
Medal "For the Defence of Stalingrad"
Medal "For the Victory over Germany in the Great Patriotic War 1941–1945"
Lenin Prize (1972) – script for epic Liberation
National Award "Stalingrad".
Medal of the CPRF Central Committee, 90 years of the Great October Socialist Revolution.
Award CCF (1984) – a script for the film The Coast (1983)
In 1994 he refused to accept the award of Order of Friendship of Peoples from Boris Yeltsin.
English translations
Silence, Houghton Mifflin, 1966.
The Last Shots, Foreign Languages Publishing House, 1970.
The Hot Snow, Progress Publishers, 1976.
The Vigil, from Anthology of Soviet Short Stories, Vol 2, Progress Publishers, 1976.
The Shore, Raduga Publishers, 1984.
The Choice, Raduga Publishers, 1984.
On Craftsmanship, Raduga Publishers, 1984.
Filmography (writer)
The Last Salvos (1961)
Silence (1963)
Liberation (1968–71)
References
1924 births
2020 deaths
20th-century Russian male writers
20th-century Russian short story writers
People from Orsk
Eleventh convocation members of the Soviet of Nationalities
Maxim Gorky Literature Institute alumni
Heroes of Socialist Labour
Lenin Prize winners
Recipients of the Medal "For Courage" (Russia)
Recipients of the Order of Friendship of Peoples
Recipients of the Order of Lenin
Recipients of the Order of the Red Banner of Labour
Recipients of the USSR State Prize
Recipients of the Vasilyev Brothers State Prize of the RSFSR
Russian male novelists
Russian male short story writers
Russian male writers
Russian non-fiction writers
20th-century Russian screenwriters
Male screenwriters
Socialist realism writers
Soviet male writers
Soviet military personnel of World War II
Soviet non-fiction writers
Soviet novelists
Soviet screenwriters
Soviet short story writers
Burials in Troyekurovskoye Cemetery |
6904473 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marilyn%20White | Marilyn White | Marilyn Elaine White (born October 17, 1944 in Los Angeles, California) is an American sprinter who specialized in the 100 metres.
She won a silver medal in the 4 x 100 metres relay at the 1964 Summer Olympics in Tokyo, with teammates Willye White, Wyomia Tyus and Edith McGuire. She also competed in the 100 meter dash, where she finished in fourth place with the same time as the silver and bronze medalists. She earlier won the Bronze medal at the 1963 Pan Am Games.
Early life
Marilyn White was raised in Los Angeles, CA and is the oldest of four children. She attended a diverse elementary school, Holy Cross, where she mixed with students from various backgrounds and she was exposed to a variety of languages spoken, including Spanish, Hungarian and Mandarin. She went to high school at Bishop Conaty-Our Lady of Loretto High School graduating in 1962. She competed for the L.A. Mercurettes track club. She was recruited to the team out of a dance class while in high school. Prior to Title IX, high schools did not offer sports for girls. At the 1963 Los Angeles Invitational she beat Olympic champion Wilma Rudolph and set the meet record.
She attended UCLA (University of California, Los Angeles) and was elected freshman class vice president in 1963. She was then offered an athletic scholarship to Pepperdine College, even though Pepperdine did not have a fully developed track program. Individually she wore her Pepperdine jersey at many high level meets.
References
1944 births
Living people
American female sprinters
Athletes (track and field) at the 1963 Pan American Games
Athletes (track and field) at the 1964 Summer Olympics
Olympic silver medalists for the United States in track and field
Track and field athletes from Los Angeles
Medalists at the 1964 Summer Olympics
Pan American Games bronze medalists for the United States
Pan American Games medalists in athletics (track and field)
Medalists at the 1963 Pan American Games
Olympic female sprinters
21st-century American women |
23574550 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonstorf%20Barrows | Bonstorf Barrows | The Bonstorf Barrows () are the remains of a much larger barrow cemetery on the Lüneburg Heath in north Germany dating to the late Neolithic or early Bronze Age. They are located east of the village of Bonstorf, part of the municipality of Hermannsburg in the Lower Saxon district of Celle. The site comprises six, closely packed burial mounds or barrows.
The largest barrow was located originally in a field, but due to its vulnerable location it was dug out in 1973 and reconstructed nearby. Of interest are the internal stones which were found in the burial mound. The barrow was surrounded by a stone circle.
Under the earth mound was a wooden chamber, in which a man had been buried in an east–west orientation. Grave items included an earthenware jar, a palstave, a sword and bronze dagger.
On the northern perimeter of the mound a woman was interred on a stone bed. She wore two, seven-ribbed bangles and a headdress made of clusters of small, sheet bronze pipes. Furthermore, a round bronze needle (Radnadel) lay on her chest. It is very likely that the woman had a personal relationship to the interred man.
The grave finds are characteristic of the old Bronze Age (i.e. from about 1500 to 1200 B.C.) in the Lüneburg Heath.
Photos
Sources
E. L.Voss: Ein reichhaltiger Grabhügel der älteren Bronzezeit von Bonstorf, Kr. Celle 1975 S. 59-83
GDMP: Bonstorf Barrows - Relax And Be Free, ambient video, amazon 2017
Prehistoric sites in Germany
Archaeological sites in Germany
Tumuli in Germany
Neolithic Germany
Indo-European archaeological sites
Bronze Age sites in Europe
Lüneburg Heath
Celle (district)
Bronze Age Germany
Archaeology of Lower Saxony |
17334608 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Hilliard%20%28artist%29 | John Hilliard (artist) | John Hilliard, (born 1945) is an English conceptual artist. Hilliard's ongoing body of work addresses the specificity of photography as a medium: its uncertainty as a representational device and its status within the visual arts, especially in relation to painting, cinema and commercial photography.
Education
Born in Lancaster, Hilliard studied at Lancaster College of Art from 1962 to 1964, and then at Saint Martin's School of Art, London, until 1967. He began his interest in photography as an art student in the 1960s, first using the camera simply to capture images of his site-specific art installations. Soon, he recognised there was bias inherent in photography—the camera could not be completely neutral—and he explored the manipulation of the photographic process and its results.
Art
In the 1970s, Hilliard examined how changes to the process of black and white photography could affect the outcome. His art showed how the camera's notional objectivity was vulnerable to decisions made by the photographer leading up to the instant of the exposure, as well as subsequent decisions made in the darkroom concerning paper selection and development techniques.
Hilliard's 1971 work, Camera Recording Its Own Condition consisted of a display of 70 snapshots taken by a camera aimed at a mirror, showing itself at the moment of exposure, the snapshots differing by film speed, exposure time, and aperture size. The 70 images were laid out in a rigid grid with one optimal "correct" image in the center. This changing of the mechanics of each shot revealed the intention of the unseen photographer. In 1974, Hilliard showed in Cause of Death four images of the same human body covered in a sheet. The images were taken from the same photographic negative but each one suggested a different cause of death, accomplished by cropping the print to modify context. Each image was given its own one-word title to indicate a narrative: "Crushed", "Drowned", "Burned", and "Fell". Photographer Chris Steele-Perkins wrote that, in Cause of Death, "framing affects the way a photograph is read", and that Hilliard provides the viewer with "elegant forensic evidence that, although the camera cannot lie, photographs tell different truths." University of Ulster photography professor Terence Wright noted that Cause of Death is a formalist piece in which the process is revealed, and that many of Hilliard's works fall into this classification.
In the 1980s colour photography in popular culture became the subject of Hilliard's semiotic scrutiny. He was especially interested in how photography targeted a desired result in advertising and media. He challenged the viewer to re-examine an Asian woman's portrait in East/West, 1986, showing how the stylised profile can be manipulated to represent different cultural attitudes. In response to a 1989 show, Chicago Tribune art critic Alan G. Artner wrote that Hilliard purposely clouds the difference between painting and photography, and that he "dramatize[s] issues specific to the photographic medium."
In the 1990s Hilliard's work evolved a stronger chroma, push processing, saturation, and seductive gloss, the subjects arranged to portray a narrative that was perhaps violent or erotic. At the same time, the viewer is prevented from complete comprehension of context by interposed objects obscuring portions of the scene. For instance his work Miss Tracy, 1994 shows what is assumed to be a nude woman face down on a bloody sheet, the center of the image blocked by a large rectangle leaving the peripheral region as the only source of understanding. In the mid-1990s Hilliard further expanded the scale of his photographic works by printing on canvas or vinyl, the size approaching that of a mural. He continued to present the viewer with a disruption of full understanding, a critical comment on the viewing process.
Exhibits
From Christmas 1983 to mid-June 1984, Hilliard's art was shown in Germany at the Kölnischer Kunstverein, the Kunsthalle Bremen, and the Frankfurter Kunstverein. Art historian and critic Jean Fisher wrote a biographical piece and analysed the works for a 69-page museum book edited by art historian and publisher Peter Weiermair.
In early 1989, an exhibit of Hilliard's large scale works was featured for one month at Chicago's Renaissance Society museum. The works consisted of large Cibachrome and Scanachrome prints, the latter being saturated colour applied to canvas using dyes. A 30-page book on Hilliard's work to date was printed for the event, with 19 images by Hilliard, and critical art analysis written by Fisher.
In 1999, a major retrospective of Hilliard's works was mounted, and shown in three German art galleries.
In 2003, German publisher Verlag das Wunderhorn published a monograph of his works, entitled The Less Said The Better, with an accompanying solo exhibit in Amsterdam.
Career
Hilliard taught for a time at Camberwell School of Arts and Crafts. He was later associated with the Slade School of Fine Art, University College London, serving as professor, the head of Graduate Fine Art Media, the director of Graduate Programmes, and a tutor of graduate students. Currently, Hilliard lives and works in London.
References
External links
List of Works held by Tate, with images
A Century of Artists' Film in Britain, exhibition, Tate Britain, 2004
Cause of Death
Jemima Stehli & John Hilliard, Untitled, 2002
John Hilliard at L.A.Galerie – Frankfurt
1945 births
Living people
Photographers from Lancashire
Academics of the Slade School of Fine Art
British conceptual artists
English contemporary artists
British installation artists
British video artists
Alumni of Saint Martin's School of Art
Academics of Camberwell College of Arts |
6904479 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas%20McCarthy%20%28Canadian%20politician%29 | Thomas McCarthy (Canadian politician) | Thomas McCarthy (1832 – September 23, 1870) was a businessman and political figure in Canada East, later Quebec, Canada. He was a Conservative member of the House of Commons of Canada representing Richelieu from 1867 to 1870.
He was born in County Cork, Ireland in 1832, the son of John McCarthy, and came to Canada in 1839. McCarthy was a shipbuilder in the Sorel region in partnership with his brothers Daniel and John. He served on the council for Sorel in 1860, 1862, 1863 and 1865. McCarthy died at Sorel in 1870 while still in office.
Electoral record
References
Conservative Party of Canada (1867–1942) MPs
Irish emigrants to pre-Confederation Quebec
Members of the House of Commons of Canada from Quebec
Politicians from County Cork
1832 births
1870 deaths
People from Cork (city)
Immigrants to Lower Canada
Anglophone Quebec people |
23574556 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assemble%20Head%20in%20Sunburst%20Sound | Assemble Head in Sunburst Sound | Assemble Head in Sunburst Sound is a psychedelic rock band formed in San Francisco, California, in the early 2000s. Originally consisting of a trio – Michael Lardas, Jefferson Marshall, and Charlie Saufley – Assemble Head in Sunburst Sound grew to a five-piece by 2009 with the additions of multi-instrumentalists Anderson Landbridge and Camilla Saufley
Following the band's self-released 2005 debut, which was limited to 500 copies, they signed to Tee Pee Records and have since released three studio albums: Ekranoplan (2007), When Sweet Sleep Returned (2009), and Manzanita (2012).
Discography
Assemble Head in Sunburst Sound (2005)
Ekranoplan (2007)
When Sweet Sleep Returned (2009)
Manzanita (2012)
References
Musical groups from San Francisco
Psychedelic rock music groups from California |
17334609 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden%20Gate%20Theater | Golden Gate Theater | Golden Gate Theater is a California Churrigueresque-style movie palace built in 1927 on Whittier Boulevard in East Los Angeles, California. In 1982, it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The theater closed in 1986; the retail building built around it was damaged in the 1987 Whittier Narrows earthquake and demolished in 1992. The remaining theater building was left vacant for more than 20 years as preservationists fought with owners and developers over the future of the building. It was finally converted into a drugstore and reopened in 2012.
Theater building
The theater seated nearly 1,500 people and was located at one of the major intersections on the east side of Los Angeles, at the corner of Whittier and Atlantic Boulevards. The theater was built by Peter Snyder, known as the "Father of the East Side," and designed by architects William and Clifford A. Balch, creators of the El Rey Theater on Wilshire Boulevard and the Pomona Fox Theater in Pomona, California. It was designed in the ornate Churrigueresque style, and the entrance replicated the portal of Spain's University of Salamanca. When plans for the theater were announced in 1927, the Los Angeles Times reported:
This week will mark the beginning of building operations on the theater project on Whittier Boulevard in Golden Gate Square. The theater proper will seat about 1500 persons, it is declared and will contain thirteen stores. There will also be several apartment units. It is planned as a legitimate playhouse, but will be equipped for motion pictures as well.
The theater was originally located in the courtyard of the L-shaped Vega Building, a retail structure that wrapped around the theater. The Vega Building was known for its four-story octagon tower.
Los Angeles County records describing the basis for the landmark designation describe the complex as one with "a sense of time and place. The majority of its structural features, including its conformation, detailing and decorative elements, have been unaltered. As a result, the building has clearly retained a sense of architectural integrity and original design."
Closure and earthquake damage
The theater stopped showing movies in 1986, and in 1987 the Vega Building was damaged in the Whittier Narrows earthquake. From 1986-1988, a non-denominational Christian church named Praise Chapel Christian Fellowship occupied the building and held regular services with over 1,000 people. In 1987 the pastors, Mike and Donna Neville were forced to move their church because, according to the owner, the building was condemned following the Whittier earthquake. The Vega Building was demolished in 1992 after officials determined it to be a hazard. The remaining theater building was left sitting vacant in the middle of an otherwise empty lot. One writer notes that the remaining shell "only hints at what this theater was like in its heyday."
Preservation battles
The property has been vacant and the subject of attempted demolitions for many years. When the Whittier earthquake damaged the Vega Building, demolition efforts accelerated. County inspectors declared the building unsafe for occupancy, and businesses operating in the building, including a jewelry store, a shoe repair shop, and a bowling alley, were evicted.
In 1988, demolition commenced before officials led by then County Supervisor Ed Edelman halted the work with a stop-work order. Demolition crews had already begun to dismantle the walls when Edelman, then Los Angeles City Councilwoman Gloria Molina, sheriff's deputies and more than 50 concerned community members showed up at the site to ensure the demolition work was halted. Edelman blamed a "foul-up" in the Public Works Department for issuing the demolition permit and assured the gathered crowd that heads were going to roll and that he would "try and stop this damn demolition before it happens."
In 1992, the Vega Building was razed, and in 1994, the family that had owned the property for 20 years sought to have the building removed from the National Register of Historic Places to clear the way for potential demolition of the theater. The Mothers of East Los Angeles and the Los Angeles Conservancy fought the demolition plans. The Conservancy noted that the theatre was one of fewer than two dozen buildings in Los Angeles in the Spanish Churrigueresque style. In August 1994, the Los Angeles County Board of Supervisors, on a motion by Supervisor Gloria Molina, designated the theatre as a "historical resource." The State Historical Resources Commission also rejected the owner's request to remove the theatre from the National Register of Historic Places.
In 2003, the property was acquired by M&A Gabaee, an affiliate of the Charles Co. Rumors spread that the new owner planned to convert the property into a Walgreens Drug Store. A representative of the owner told the Los Angeles Times: "We're in negotiations so everything is preliminary. We plan to keep the structure. The building is absolutely gorgeous. We want to maintain that but we also want to find what's going to work. We're looking forward to rejuvenating it." Preservationists expressed concerns that the new plans would preserve the outer shell of the building but gut or significantly alter the building's interior. In particular, concerns were raised that the theatre's soaring interior and proscenium arch would be replaced with a dropped ceiling. The founder of the East Los Angeles Center for the Performing Arts proposed converting the theatre into a performing arts venue: "It's an amazing theater. We were trying to get support to renovate and turn it into a performing arts venue. There's a drugstore on every corner here. I'd love to see the developer team up with us to preserve it."
As of 2008, the proposed conversion of the theatre was still the subject of ongoing preservation efforts by the Los Angeles Conservancy. The Conservancy stated that it sought to preserve historic interior features, including the proscenium, lobby, clamshell-shaped concession stand, and mezzanine level, while "encouraging the adaptive reuse of this long-vacant historic property."
On May 25, 2010, the Los Angeles County Board of Supervisors approved the conversion of the theater into a 24-hour drug store. It opened as a CVS on August 19, 2012.
See also
List of Registered Historic Places in Los Angeles
References
External links
More L.A. Theatres of Interest
Photographs of Golden Gate Theater from Los Angeles Public Library Photo Database
Cinemas and movie theaters in Los Angeles
Buildings and structures on the National Register of Historic Places in Los Angeles
Theatres completed in 1927
Event venues established in 1927
1927 establishments in California
Art Deco architecture in California
Spanish Revival architecture in California |
17334610 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Hilliard | John Hilliard | John Hilliard may refer to:
John Hilliard (American football) (born 1976), American football player
John Hilliard (artist) (born 1945), London-based conceptual artist, photographer and academic
John Kenneth Hilliard (1901–1989), American acoustical engineer and loudspeaker designer
John S. Hilliard (born 1947), American composer
John Northern Hilliard (1872–1935), author of a best-selling book on magic, Greater Magic |
23574564 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burj%20Attari | Burj Attari | Burj Attari is a town located only 14 km from Lahore at Lahore-Jaranwala Road, Pakistan and 12 km from Shahdara, but it is in the Sheikhupura District, Punjab (Pakistan).
Burj Attari is famous for agriculture products and fruits like guavas, leechee and strawberries. It is a very ancient village from since 1400 A.D.
Noorewala Road a 6 km long sub-road leads to a small village Noor-e-wala and Khanpur Canal (Bann), further goes village Bansi-Nagar and Battiyanwala (located at Lahore-Shekhupura road) making a total length of 13.2 km. Burj road connects village Burj with the M-2 motorway. Noorewala Road also goes to Nankana Sahib.
Populated places in Sheikhupura District |
6904483 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KFXX%20%28AM%29 | KFXX (AM) | KFXX (1080 kHz "1080 The FAN") is a commercial AM radio station in Portland, Oregon. It is owned by Audacy, Inc. and runs a sports radio format. The studios and offices are on SW Bancroft Street in Portland.
KFXX is one of four sports stations in the Portland radio market, the others being co-owned KMTT, KPOJ (owned by iHeartMedia) and KXTG (owned by Alpha Media).
Signal
The transmitter site is on NE Marine Drive in the northeast side of Portland along the Columbia River. KFXX is a Class B radio station. By day, it runs the maximum power for commercial AM stations in the U.S., 50,000 watts, audible around much of northwest Oregon and southwest Washington. At night, because AM 1080 is a clear channel frequency, KFXX must reduce power to 9,000 watts, so it does not interfere with co-owned KRLD in Dallas and WTIC in Hartford, the two dominant Class A stations on the frequency. KFXX uses a directional antenna at all times.
Programming
KFXX is a network affiliate of ESPN Radio but mostly runs its own local shows on weekdays. Its sister station, 910 KMTT, carries the ESPN Radio lineup around the clock. As of March 1, 2021, KFXX starts the day at 6 a.m. with "Dirt and Sprague" in morning drive time. At 9, it carries Colin Cowherd from the Fox Sports Radio Network. At noon, KFXX airs "AJ and Dusty". "Primetime with Isaac Ropp and Jason 'Big Suke' Scukanec" is heard on weekday afternoons from 3 to 7 pm. The first three hours of "Primetime" were simulcast on the Comcast SportsNet Northwest cable TV network. Nights and weekends, KFXX runs programming from ESPN Radio when it isn't airing a live sports event.
History
Early years
This station was first licensed as KFWV, which signed on the air on October 12, 1925. In 1927, the call sign was changed to KWJJ, incorporating the initials of the station's founder, Wilbur J. Jerman. In the 1930s, KWJJ was powered at 500 watts, heard on 1060 kilocycles in the daytime, 1040 kilocycles at night.
After the enactment of the North American Regional Broadcasting Agreement (NARBA) in 1941, KWJJ moved to its current position on the dial, at 1080 kHz. The power was boosted to 1,000 watts. By the late 1940s, the power increased to 10,000 watts.
In 1946, KWJJ added an FM station, KWJJ-FM at 95.5 MHz. It was only powered at 3,400 watts and it mostly simulcasted the AM station. However, in the 1940s and 1950s, few radios could receive FM signals and management saw little opportunity to make it profitable. In the mid 1950s, KWJJ silenced the FM station, giving up the license. Another station signed on at 95.5 in 1959, which is today KBFF.
Switch to Country
KWJJ was acquired by Rodney F. Johnson in 1952. Johnson served as president and general manager as well. KWJJ became Portland's ABC Radio Network affiliate in 1959 and adopted a country music format on March 1, 1965. In the 1970s, the station's daytime power was increased to 50,000 watts, while it continues to operate at 10,000 watts at night.
In 1973, KWJJ was acquired by Park Communications. A year later, Park acquired KJIB, an FM station airing a beautiful music format. For the first years of Park ownership, KJIB remained easy listening and KWJJ remained country. In the late 1970s, Park moved KJIB from mainstream easy listening to a new format known as "Beautiful Country." The sound was soft, but used instrumental cover versions of country songs, rather than pop songs. With KWJJ as Portland's top country music station, management thought a beautiful country format on the FM station would be attractive to the AM station's advertisers.
KJIB switched to a conventional country format in the early 1980s. The FM station played mostly contemporary country hits with only a small amount of DJ chatter, while the AM station continued as a personality country outlet, going back several decades for its playlist of country tunes. On August 19, 1985, KJIB changed its call sign to the current KWJJ-FM. The two stations simulcasted the morning show and some other segments during the day.
KWJJ dropped its simulcast of KWJJ-FM in 1995, becoming a network affiliate for ABC's "Real Country," a classic country service.
Hot Talk KOTK
In 1996, Seattle-based Fisher Communications bought KWJJ-AM-FM for $35 million. Fisher continued the country format on KWJJ-FM, while making plans to change the AM station.
On October 27, 1997, KWJJ's call sign was switched to KOTK, and flipped to a "hot talk" format as "Hot Talk 1080 KOTK." Fisher added several sports play-by-play broadcasts to the station, including Washington Huskies football and basketball, Portland Pilots basketball and Portland Forest Dragons football.
KFXX
The KFXX call letters were first used in the Portland market on "The X", an active rock station on 1520 AM. KFXX flipped to its current sports format on September 1, 1990. KFXX and its sports format moved to AM 910 on March 29, 1998, swapping frequencies with adult standards-formatted KKSN. The station again swapped frequencies, this time with hot talk-formatted KOTK on March 19, 2004.
In its early days as a sports station, one of KFXX's hosts was Neil Lomax, a former quarterback at Portland State University and the St. Louis/Phoenix Cardinals.
In 2003, Fisher Communications sold KOTK and KWJJ-FM to Entercom for $44 million.
References
External links
FCC History Cards for KFXX
FXX
ESPN Radio stations
Radio stations established in 1925
1925 establishments in Oregon
Audacy, Inc. radio stations |
6904485 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deep%20integration | Deep integration | Deep integration, as defined by Simone Claar and Andrea Nölke, means trade agreements which not only contain rules on tariffs and conventional non-tariff trade restrictions, but which also regulate the business environment in a more general sense. Issues of deep integration include competition policy, investor rights, product standards, public procurement and intellectual property rights, for example.
Canada and United States
Deep integration can also specifically refer to the harmonization of policies and regulations of Canada and the United States.
Chile, Colombia, Mexico and Peru
In 2011, Chile, Colombia, Mexico and Peru initiated steps to create a Deep Integration bloc.
It is called "The Pacific Alliance".
References
See also
Independent Task Force on North America
Security and Prosperity Partnership of North America
Trade, Investment and Labour Mobility Agreement
North American Forum
Canada–United States relations
Economic integration |
6904499 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A4rbel%20Struppert | Bärbel Struppert | Bärbel Struppert ( Schrickel, (born 26 September 1950 in Jena) is a retired East German sprinter who specialised in the 100 metres.
She became European junior champion in 4 × 100 metres relay in 1966. At the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich she won a silver medal in the 4 × 100 metres relay with her teammates Christina Heinich, Bärbel Struppert and the 100 and 200 m champion Renate Stecher.
She competed for the club SC Motor Jena during her active career. She married the DDR-Oberliga footballer Gerd Struppert.
References
1950 births
Living people
East German female sprinters
Athletes (track and field) at the 1972 Summer Olympics
Olympic athletes of East Germany
Olympic silver medalists for East Germany
Medalists at the 1972 Summer Olympics
Olympic silver medalists in athletics (track and field)
Olympic female sprinters
Sportspeople from Jena
Universiade medalists in athletics (track and field)
Universiade bronze medalists for East Germany |
23574574 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandele%20Omoniyi | Bandele Omoniyi | Bandele Omoniyi (6 November 1884 – 1913) was a Nigerian nationalist who is best known for his book A Defence of the Ethiopian Movement (1908), which urged for political reforms in the colonies, warning that otherwise a revolution in Africa might end British rule. According to Hakim Adi, he is one of the earliest examples of the politically active West African student in Britain.
Biography
Bandele Omoniyi was born in Lagos, in present-day Nigeria, and his parents sold their land to finance his studies in Britain, where Omoniyi first went in 1905. Enrolling at Edinburgh University in 1906 to study law, he eventually gave up his studies as he became increasingly involved in political activities, taking up anti-imperial journalism in socialist, Scottish and Nigerian publications. He wrote to various British politicians, including the Prime Minister, Henry Campbell-Bannerman, and the future Labour Party leader Ramsay MacDonald, demanding representation for Africans in the colonies. In 1907 Omoniyi criticised colonial rule in a series of letters to the Edinburgh Magazine. He also wrote articles for the West African press, and in 1908 published his major work, A Defence of the Ethiopian Movement, in Edinburgh, dedicating it "to The Right Honourable and Honourable Members of the British Parliament".
Omoniyi later moved to Brazil around 1910, where he was subsequently arrested for his political activities. He refused assistance from the British Consul. Imprisoned, he contracted beriberi and died, aged 28.
References
1884 births
1913 deaths
Alumni of the University of Edinburgh
19th-century Nigerian people
20th-century Nigerian writers
Nigerian expatriates in the United Kingdom
Writers from Lagos
Yoruba writers
Prisoners and detainees of Brazil
Nigerian expatriates in Brazil
English-language writers from Nigeria
Nigerian critics
Anti-imperialism in Africa
Nigerian nationalists
People of colonial Nigeria
Black British history
Prisoners who died in Brazilian detention |
6904501 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nozomi%20Masu | Nozomi Masu | is a Japanese voice actress from Saitama Prefecture.
Filmography
Anime
Desert Punk (Namiko Onami)
Fushigiboshi no Futagohime (Seed Princesses)
Fushigiboshi no Futagohime Gyu! (Noche)
Ga-rei -Zero- (Miku Manabe)
Girls Bravo (Kosame)
Hyōka (Sweets Study Group Girl B)
Kure-nai (Ginko Murakami)
Lucky Star (Inori Hiiragi)
Mahoraba Heartful Days (Mizuho Amane)
Shura no Toki (Shiori/Kisshoumaru)
The Melody of Oblivion (Maid)
White Album (Haruka Kawashima; Sakura-Dan member 7 (ep 6))
External links
Official agency profile
1980 births
Living people
Japanese video game actresses
Japanese voice actresses
Voice actresses from Saitama Prefecture |
6904503 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Postman%20%28disambiguation%29 | Postman (disambiguation) | A postman is a mail carrier, a person delivering post.
Postman, The Postman, or Postmen may refer to:
People
Leo Postman (1918–2004), American psychologist
Neil Postman (1931–2003), American author, media theorist and cultural critic
Mick Price (snooker player) (born 1966), English snooker player nicknamed "The Postman"
Art, entertainment, and media
Other arts and media
Postman (comics), a Marvel Comics character
Postman (The Legend of Zelda series), a recurring character in the Legend of Zelda video game series
A hypothetical or fictional adult male posthuman
The Postman (1985), a post-apocalyptic novel by David Brin
Postman, a fictional character in the British web series Corner Shop Show
Films
Postman (1967 film), Indian Malayalam film
Postman (1984 film), a Turkish comedy film
Il Postino, the 1994 Italian film known as The Postman in English
Postman (1995 film), a Chinese film
The Postman (film), a 1997 film adaptation of David Brin's novel starring Kevin Costner
Music
Postmen (band), a Dutch reggae/hip hop band
Postman, stage name of Remon Stotijn, former member of Postmen
Postman (album), a 2009 album by Postmen
"The Postman", by The American Analog Set from their album Know by Heart (2001)
"Postman", song by Living Colour from their album Stain (1993)
"Postman", song by The Rasmus from their album Peep (1996)
Other uses
Postman (software), an API platform for developers to design, build, test and iterate their APIs
The postman or common postman Heliconius melpomene, a species of butterfly
Postman (law), a senior barrister of the historic Exchequer of pleas of England and Wales |
23574581 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S33%20%28ZVV%29 | S33 (ZVV) | The S33 is a regional railway line of the S-Bahn Zürich on the Zürcher Verkehrsverbund (ZVV), Zürich transportation network, and is one of the network's lines connecting the cantons of Zürich and Schaffhausen.
Route
The line runs from the northwest of the canton of Zürich from Winterthur and heads for Schaffhausen. At both terminal stations, connections to InterCity and InterRegio trains as well as other S-Bahn services exist. The S33 runs hourly, but offers half-hourly services at all stations in combination with the S12 (reduced services on weekends and evenings).
Stations
Winterthur
Hettlingen
Henggart
Andelfingen
Marthalen
Dachsen
Schloss Laufen am Rheinfall
Neuhausen
Schaffhausen
Rolling stock
S33 services are operated by RABe 511 units, except for weekday services to Schaffhausen which are run by Re 450 class locomotives pushing or pulling double-deck passenger carriages. Until 2018, the S33 services were operated by THURBO rolling stock (Stadler GTW units).
Scheduling
The train frequency is usually hourly and the trip takes 33 minutes.
See also
Rail transport in Switzerland
Trams in Zürich
References
ZVV official website: Routes & zones
Zürich S-Bahn lines
Canton of Schaffhausen
Transport in the canton of Zürich |
6904521 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/It%27s%20Your%20Bet | It's Your Bet | It's Your Bet is an American game show which aired in syndication (mostly NBC owned-and-operated stations) from 1969 to 1973. The series was a revised version of the NBC game I'll Bet, which aired for six months in 1965. Both I'll Bet and It's Your Bet were produced by Ralph Andrews.
Hosts
During its four-year run, It's Your Bet had four hosts. Hal March hosted for the first few months. When health problems forced him to step down in late 1969 (he died in January 1970), actor Dick Gautier took over and hosted through the end of the 1970–1971 season.
Tom Kennedy moderated for the following year (1971–1972), followed by Lyle Waggoner, then an actor specializing in comedies and a regular repertory-company participant on The Carol Burnett Show, for its final season. Kennedy had previously guest-hosted for March for a week which included Waggoner and his wife as guests.
Gameplay
Front game
The two celebrity couples played for members of the studio audience. One player on the team bet 25, 50, 75, or 100 points (always these increments and never more) on his/her spouse's ability to answer a question. A question was telephoned in secret to the betting player by the host; to ensure seclusion from the other player a motorized wall rose between the two players while the player was on the phone with the host, ensuring the question was not known to the spouse until after the bet had been placed.
(Although the show had a betting theme, both sides began with a score of zero rather than a bankroll of any sort, and bet points rather than dollars.)
In addition, the betting player had to bet whether his/her spouse could answer the question correctly ("CAN") or not ("CAN'T"). Bets were recorded on toteboards in the desk where the couples sat, with a special rotating trilon indicating "CAN" or "CAN'T." The questions were either general knowledge or based on the couple's personal/public lives.
If the player correctly guessed whether his/her spouse would or would not answer correctly, the team would score the wagered points; otherwise, the wagered points would be awarded to the opposing team. The first team to reach 300 points won the game and advanced to the "Preference Round."
Preference Round
In the "Preference Round," the object was for each member of the team to guess how his/her spouse would answer a question. The host posed a question and three possible answers; each time the couple agreed on the response, the team won another prize for their designated audience member.
External links
1969 American television series debuts
1973 American television series endings
1960s American game shows
1970s American game shows
American game shows
English-language television shows
First-run syndicated television programs in the United States
Television series by Ralph Andrews Productions
Television series by CBS Studios |
17334617 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2004%20Wilkes-Barre/Scranton%20Pioneers%20season | 2004 Wilkes-Barre/Scranton Pioneers season | The 2004 Wilkes-Barre/Scranton Pioneers season was the team's third season as a member of the AF2. The Pioneers finished with a 13–3 record under new head coach Les Moss, their fourth head coach in three seasons. The Pioneers clinched the Northeastern Division and secured their best first playoff appearance. The Pioneers lost in the third week of the postseason, ending their playoff run just short of the ArenaCup. Following the season, Moss signed a contract to remain the head coach for a second season, the first returning coach in team history.
Schedule
Regular season
Postseason
Final standings
Attendance
References
External links
ArenaFan Online 2004 Wilkes-Barre/Pioneers schedule
ArenaFan Online 2004 af2 standings
ArenaFan Online 2004 af2 attendance
Wilkes-Barre/Scranton Pioneers seasons
2004 in American football
Wilkes-Barre Scranton Pioneers |
44498208 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2015%20Michigan%20State%20Spartans%20football%20team | 2015 Michigan State Spartans football team | The 2015 Michigan State Spartans football team represented Michigan State University in the East Division of the Big Ten Conference during the 2015 NCAA Division I FBS football season. Michigan State played their home games at Spartan Stadium in East Lansing, Michigan and were led by ninth-year head coach Mark Dantonio. They finished the season 12–2, 7–1 in Big Ten play to share the East Division championship with Ohio State. Due to their head-to-head win over Ohio State, they represented the East Division in the Big Ten Championship Game where they defeated West Division champion Iowa to become Big Ten Champions. They finished the season No. 3 in the College Football Playoff rankings and were selected to play in the CFP Semifinals at the Cotton Bowl Classic where they lost to No. 2 Alabama.
The season was one of the most successful in school history. The Spartans defeated in-state rival Michigan in Ann Arbor after a fumbled snap by Wolverine punter Blake O'Neill was picked up by Jalen Watts-Jackson and returned for a touchdown in the final ten seconds to give Michigan State a 27–23 win. The Spartans defeated Ohio State on the road in Columbus, playing without Connor Cook and relying on the arms of backup QBs Damion Terry and Tyler O'Connor. Michael Geiger would make a 41-yard field goal as time expired to give the Spartans a 17–14 win and to win the East Division. Michigan State would win its third Big Ten Championship in six years after defeating Iowa in the Big Ten Championship Game, 16–13. The Spartans were selected to play in the College Football Playoff, where they were defeated by eventual National Champion Alabama, 38–0, finishing with a record and achieving their fifth 11-win season in six years.
Previous season
The Spartans finished the 2014 season 11–2, 7–1 in Big Ten play to finish in second place in the East Division behind Ohio State. Michigan State faced Baylor in the 2015 Cotton Bowl, which was part of the new New Year's Six Bowls, where they overcame a 20-point deficit in the fourth quarter to defeat Baylor 42–41.
Offseason
2015 NFL Draft
Four members of the 2014 Spartan football team were selected in the 2015 NFL Draft
In addition, five other Spartans were signed as undrafted free agents:
Michigan State remained one of only five teams to have had a player selected in each draft since the AFL/NFL merger.
Coaching staff
Roster
Schedule
Source
Game summaries
Western Michigan
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The Spartans began the 2015 campaign with a rare road game against MAC foe Western Michigan. The last time MSU and Western played, the Spartans required a couple of defensive touchdowns to put the Broncos away in the home opener of the 2013 season, a year in which they won the Big Ten outright and won the Rose Bowl.
After Montae Nicholson intercepted a Zach Terrell pass in Western territory, giving the Spartans excellent field position, the Spartans scored first on a 24-yard Madre London touchdown run. Western Michigan return man and cornerback Darius Phillips returned the ensuing kickoff for a touchdown to tie things up. After another Madre London touchdown run, the Spartans took a 13–7 lead after a failed two-point conversion. Michigan State scored another touchdown on their next possession as Connor Cook found Josiah Price on a nine-yard pass to swell the Spartans' lead to 20–7. Both teams scored in the second quarter, with Michigan State taking a 27–10 lead into halftime.
The Spartans put the nail in the coffin on the opening drive of the second half after a 21-yard pass from Connor Cook to DeAnthony Arnett gave MSU a 24-point lead. Western scored two late touchdowns, but a Vayante Copeland interception in the end zone late in the game put an end to the Broncos' comeback attempt.
Michigan State won, 37–24, winning their seventh straight season opener, improving their record against Western Michigan to 12–2 and their overall record against the Michigan directional colleges to 28–5. The Spartans moved to 1–0 on the season.
Oregon
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Following their defeat of Western Michigan in the season opener, the Spartans played host to the Oregon Ducks. This was the first Spartan home game featuring two top-10-ranked teams since the 1966 Notre Dame–Michigan State game. This was also a rematch from the year before, where the game was played at Oregon. In that game, despite having a 27–18 lead late in the third quarter, Michigan State fell to the Ducks, 46–27, thanks to the effort of Ducks QB and eventual Heisman Trophy winner Marcus Mariota. Oregon fell to Ohio State in the National Championship game, making Michigan State's only two losses that season come by the hands of the two teams who played for the national championship.
The Ducks struck first after a 13-play, 75-yard drive that culminated with a two-yard Royce Freeman touchdown run. The Spartans answered immediately, as Josiah Price caught a 12-yard pass from Connor Cook, following a 62-yard run from Madre London, to tie the game at 7 apiece. The offenses cooled off after what was looking like the beginning of a shootout. Both offenses traded punts, with Oregon's punter Ian Wheeler giving Michigan State great field position after a shanked 25-yard punt. However, Michigan State were unable to capitalize off of this blunder as Michael Geiger missed a 28-yard field goal. Despite that, Ducks QB Vernon Adams threw an interception two plays later to Montae Nicholson. Six plays later, Connor Cook found Aaron Burbridge over the middle, with Burbridge breaking several tackles on his way to the end zone for a 17-yard catch and run touchdown. Michigan State held a 14–7 lead early in the second quarter. On the ensuing Duck possession, Oregon drove to the Spartan one-yard line before the Michigan State defense made a goal-line stand on both third and fourth down, causing the Ducks to turn the ball over on downs. Neither team scored the remainder of the half, with Vernon Adams and Connor Cook both throwing interceptions. Michigan State took a 14–7 lead into halftime.
The beginning of the second half did not start well for the Spartans, as Oregon WR Bralon Addison returned a punt 81 yards for a touchdown to tie the game at 14. The Spartans answered with an 11-play, 75-yard drive ending with an LJ Scott six-yard touchdown run, again giving the Spartans the lead, 21–14. Several drives later, Michael Geiger made a 36-yard field goal, increasing the lead to 24–14. Oregon had possession of the ball to start the fourth quarter and drove the ball down the field, with Vernon Adams scoring a touchdown on a two-yard run, pulling the Ducks within three points. Michigan State responded quickly with a touchdown of their own after an LJ Scott 36-yard touchdown run, giving the Spartans a 10-point lead, 31–21. The two teams traded possessions until Oregon scored after a 15-yard pass to Royce Freeman brought the Ducks within three again with 3:25 remaining in the game. The Ducks got the ball back after a quick Michigan State possession. Oregon had two minutes to either tie or take the lead. The drive started off well for Oregon, with Royce Freeman ripping off runs of 11 yards and 4 yards, and getting the ball down to the Spartan 33-yard line. However, Vernon Adams overthrew a wide-open Byron Marshall on the following play, which would have given the Ducks the lead late. The Spartans blitzed on third down, with Chris Frey and Lawrence Thomas sacking Adams for a loss of 10. Adams underthrew his receiver on fourth and long and the Spartans took over on downs and ran out the clock, ensuring a 31–28 victory.
Michigan State's 31–28 win over Oregon gave the Spartans a 13–5–1 record in match-ups between two schools ranked in the top 10 of the Associated Press poll. The Spartans moved to 2–0 on the season.
Air Force
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After the victory over Oregon, the Spartans hosted the Air Force Academy in the schools' first-ever meeting on the gridiron.
The Spartans scored on their first possession of the game after a 15-yard pass from Connor Cook to Josiah Price put MSU up 7–0, ending a 9-play, 59-yard drive. The following possession saw Air Force drive down to the MSU 39 yard line before Falcon tailback DJ Johnson fumbled the ball. RJ Williamson scooped up the fumble and returned it 64 yards for a touchdown, giving Michigan State a 14–0 lead as the rout appeared to be on its way. Air Force would make up for this error on their next possession, after a Benton Washington 1-yard touchdown run pulled Air Force within 7, putting the score at 14–7 Michigan State at the end of the first quarter. Michigan State dominated the second quarter on both sides of the ball. On the opening possession of the quarter, Michigan State went 87 yards in 10 plays, a drive capped off by a spectacular catch by Aaron Burbridge on a 28-yard pass from Cook. Burbridge would catch another pass from Cook for a touchdown in the final 30 seconds of the half, this time from 32 yards to give the Spartans a 28–7 lead at halftime. The Spartan defense played extremely well in the second quarter, only allowing Air Force to gain 19 yards of offense in the entire quarter.
Michigan State scored again on the opening possession of the second half, as Cook would find Aaron Burbridge for a third time on a 21-yard pass and catch in the endzone, giving MSU a commanding 28 point lead. Air Force would cut the lead to 21 on the ensuing drive after a 38-yard pass from Karson Roberts to Jalen Robinette resulted in a touchdown. Despite Michigan State's offense stalling after their opening possession of the half, the Falcons were unable to get back into the game due turnover issues, committing two turnovers in Spartan territory. Air Force would add a DJ Johnson 2-yard touchdown run with 2:11 remaining in the game to cut the lead to 35–21, but at that point it was too late. The Spartans kneeled out the clock for the victory.
Aaron Burbridge had a career day, catching eight passes for 156 yards and three touchdowns. The last Spartan receiver to catch three touchdown passes in a single game was B.J. Cunningham against Wisconsin during the 2011 season. Connor Cook threw four touchdown passes in a game for the second time in his career. He first accomplished this feat during his first start as a sophomore against Youngstown State. He also earned his 26th career victory as starting QB, overtaking Stanford's Kevin Hogan as college football's active wins leader.
The Spartans moved to 3–0 on the season.
Central Michigan
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Following their win over Air Force, Michigan State would host Central Michigan. The two teams last met in 2012, a game which the then 11th ranked Spartans won 41–7.
Central drove to the MSU 28-yard line on the opening drive of the game before attempting a 45-yard field goal attempt which would be blocked by Demetrius Cooper. Michigan State scored on a six play, 72-yard drive capped off by a Madre London six-yard touchdown run. Central followed with a 15-play, 54-yard drive that took 8:27 off the clock, only to have a 43-yard field goal attempt blocked again, this time by Shilique Calhoun. Michael Geiger added a 47-yard field goal to the Michigan State lead in the second quarter. Josiah Price added a 5-yard touchdown reception from Connor Cook to give Michigan State a 17–0 lead. Central scored a touchdown on a one-yard pass from Cooper Rush to Anthony Rice just before halftime to cut the lead to 10. Michigan State led 17–7 at halftime.
Central pulled within seven after a successful 47*yard Brian Eavey field goal on their first possession of the half. Neither team was able to put anything together offensively for the rest of the quarter. Heading into the fourth quarter, Michigan State still led 17–10. Michigan State added two late touchdowns, both by Gerald Holmes on runs of three and six yards (after a Central Michigan fumble in MSU territory) respectively to give Michigan State the 30–10 victory. However, the loss was costly as offensive lineman Jack Conklin left the game with a leg injury. With earlier season-ending injuries to linebacker Ed Davis and cornerback Vayante Copeland, the teams injuries began to mount.
Michigan State improved its record against the Michigan directional colleges to 29–5 with the victory. The Spartans moved to 4–0 on the season.
Purdue
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In their first game of the Big Ten season, MSU hosted Purdue for their fourth straight home game to start the season and as the newly ranked No. 2 team in the country. MSU jumped out to an early 21–0 lead on Purdue in the first 17 minutes of the game and the game appeared to be over. The Spartans were led by two touchdown runs by LJ Scott and looked to be on their way to another rout. Near the end of the first half, Jack Conklin's replacement was forced to leave the game with an apparent knee injury. At halftime, the school celebrated the 50th anniversary of the 1965 national championship team. However, as the second half began, the rain began to fall. MSU's first three possessions of the second half ended with two punts and a turnover as Purdue narrowed the lead to 21–14 early in the third quarter. A 30-yard MSU field preceded another Purdue touchdown to draw the game even closer, 24–21. A punt by MSU led to Purdue having an opportunity to tie or take the lead, but MSU's defense stiffened in time.
The win moved Cook into first place in career wins at Michigan State with 28. The Spartans moved to 5–0 on the season.
Rutgers
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A week after staving off a furious Purdue comeback attempt, the Spartans went on the road for the first time all season to Piscataway, New Jersey to face Rutgers, a program in their second year of Big Ten membership, and a team the Spartans dominated the year prior, 45–3. Prior to the game Rutgers's star wide receiver, Leonte Carroo, was reinstated to the team after serving a two-game suspension.
Neither offense got any sort of momentum going for a majority of the first quarter. Michigan State received great field position after a bad Rutgers punt of 19 yards. The Spartans moved the ball down to the Rutgers 18 yard line, but a Michael Geiger field goal attempt of 35 yards was blocked. After trading possessions, Michigan State finally put a sustained drive together, which included a fourth and 10 conversion after a 25-yard pass from Connor Cook to Aaron Burbridge. The drive concluded on an eight-yard pass from Connor Cook to Macgarrett Kings which resulted in the game's first touchdown with 1:46 remaining in the quarter. Michigan State led 7–0 at the end of one.
Rutgers responded quickly, scoring on a 4 play, 78 yard drive to tie the game at seven after a Chris Laviano pass to Leonte Carroo for five yards. Later after a shanked Jake Hartbarger punt, Rutgers received great field position on their next possession, and only needed two plays to take a 14–7 lead on a Leonte Carroo 39 yard touchdown reception. Michigan State pulled within four point on their next possession after a successful Michael Geiger 30-yard field goal try. The Spartans had the opportunity to take the lead before halftime, driving the ball all the way to the Rutgers eight yard line, but Connor Cook threw an interception in the back of the endzone with a little over a minute left in the half. It was only his second interception of the season. Rutgers led 14–10 at the half.
The Michigan State offense came out on fire in the second half, scoring touchdowns on their first two possessions of the half; the first score coming off of a LJ Scott one yard touchdown run and the second the result of a DeAnthony Arnett 25-yard touchdown reception. Michigan State held a 24–14 lead midway through the third quarter and seemed to have the game in hand. However, Rutgers scored late in the third quarter with 49 seconds remaining on a Chris Laviano 28-yard touchdown pass to Leonte Carroo. Michigan State led 24–21 lead going into the fourth quarter.
After a stalled possession, Jake Hartbarger pinned Rutgers down at their own five yard line. Rutgers went on a time-consuming, 16 play, 91 yard drive that took eight minutes off the clock, with Kyle Federico making a 22-yard field goal attempt to tie the game at 24. Michigan State received the ball with 4:08 remaining in the game. On third and nine, Cook completed a 29-yard pass to R.J. Shelton. LJ Scott had runs of six and two yards respectively on the following plays. On third and two, Aaron Burbridge received the ball on a reverse and ran for 10 yards to the Rutgers 28 yard line. LJ Scott moved the ball to the Rutgers three yard line after a 16-yard run. One play later he would score, giving Michigan State a 31–24 lead with 43 seconds remaining. Rutgers received the ball at their own 35 yard line. On third and 10 Chris Laviano completed a 25-yard pass to Andre Patton, moving the ball into Michigan State territory at the 40-yard line. Several plays later on third down, Malik McDowell sacked Laviano for a loss of 10. Rutgers, having no timeouts left and the clock running, only had time for one play, presumably a Hail Mary pass. On fourth down however, Laviano, unaware of what down it was, took the snap and spiked the ball to stop the clock turning the ball over to Michigan State on downs. Michigan State kneeled out the clock, giving them another close game, with a 31–24 victory.
The Spartans moved to 6–0 on the season.
Michigan
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Following a closer than expected string of wins, the Spartans, ranked No. 7 in the country, faced in-state rival Michigan, ranked No. 12 in the country. The game was played in Ann Arbor, Michigan for the first time since 2012 which also marked the last time MSU lost to Michigan. Coming into this contest, the Spartans had defeated the Wolverines six of the last seven times the two teams have played. Despite Michigan State being ranked higher than Michigan, Michigan was favored by 6 1/2 points, with the program seeing something of a rejuvenation under head coach Jim Harbaugh. Michigan also came into the game touting the No. 2 total defense in the nation, and were riding a three-game shutout streak, with shutout victories over BYU, Maryland, and Northwestern.
The first quarter was a defensive struggle, as both the Spartan and Wolverine defenses stood tall. Michigan State was able to move the ball effectively near the end of the quarter, driving all the way down to the Michigan 28 yard line, but turned the ball over on downs following a failed fourth down conversion attempt. Michigan took a 7–0 lead during the opening minutes of the second quarter on a Sione Houma two-yard touchdown run, capping off an eight play, 72-yard drive. Several drives later during a Spartan possession, Michigan senior linebacker and team captain Joe Bolden was penalized for targeting during a Connor Cook run of six yards. The call was affirmed by replay and Bolden was ejected for the remainder of the game. Two plays later, LJ Scott scored on an 11-yard scamper to tie the game at seven apiece, snapping Michigan's aforementioned three game shutout streak. Michigan took back the lead on the ensuing possession after a Kenny Allen 38-yard field goal gave them a 10–7 lead going into halftime.
Michigan scored on the opening possession of the second half after several goal line attempts from the Michigan State one yard line where the officials could not determine whether Sione Houma broke the plane of the goalline. It took the officials several seconds on the final attempt to blow the play dead and determine that Houma did in fact score, giving Michigan a 17–7 lead. Michigan State scored less than three minutes later after Macgarrett Kings caught a 30-yard pass from Connor Cook to pull the Spartans within three. Michigan added to its lead with a Kenny Allen 21-yard field goal. At the beginning of the fourth quarter, MSU failed to convert on fourth down for the second time after Macgarrett Kings dropped a pass that would have given the Spartans a first down. The Wolverines added another field goal to their lead a few possessions later, expanding the score to 23–14. Michigan State responded immediately on a drive that only took 29 seconds off the clock, as Connor Cook found a wide open Trevon Pendleton, who caught the ball and ran all the way to the Michigan one-yard line. The play was originally called a touchdown, however after review, it was deemed Pendleton was down at the one. LJ Scott ran the ball in for the score a play later, pulling MSU within two points. The pass from Cook to Pendleton was the longest offensive play all year for the Spartans (74 yards), and was Pendleton's first catch all season. The last reception he had was against Purdue for 2 yards the previous season.
Both defenses dominated during the final nine minutes of the game, as both offenses struggled to move the ball. With less than five minutes remaining in the game, Michigan State received the ball at their own 28-yard line. After an offsides penalty was called against Michigan, Cook was sacked by Willie Henry for a loss of 10. Cook found Aaron Burbridge for 25 yards for the first down. Several plays later, after MSU had advanced the ball into Michigan territory, Henry sacked Cook again on first down for a loss of 9 yards. Several plays later, facing a fourth and 19 with less than two minutes left on the clock, Cook was forced to throw an errant pass due to pressure from Michigan's d-line, failing to convert on fourth down for a third time. Michigan received the ball on downs and forced MSU to use their final timeout with 1:42 remaining in the game. On third and three, the Spartan defense stopped Michigan, preventing them from running out the clock with a first down. What followed was perhaps one of the most bizarre and unlikely endings to a football game. Facing a fourth and two, Michigan lined up to punt the ball with 10 seconds left on the game clock. Punter Blake O'Neill earlier had booted an 80-yard punt and had played well all game. However, after receiving a low snap, O'Neill had trouble with the snap and the ball was free. It was picked up by Michigan State's Jalen Watts-Jackson, and he scored on the last play of the game to give Michigan State the win, 27–23.
With Michigan State's College Football Playoff hopes remaining intact, the Spartans improved their record to 7–0 for the first time since the 2010 season. For just the fourth time in the past 46 games, the team with the fewest rushing yards came out with a victory. Michigan rushed for 62 yards, while MSU ran for 58 yards. MSU Coach Mark Dantonio not only improved his record against Michigan to 7–2, but also earned his 100th career coaching victory. Michigan State outgained Michigan 386–230, and also had 20 first downs to Michigan's 10. Connor Cook threw for 328 yards and a touchdown, while Aaron Burbridge caught 9 passes for 132 yards, his fifth 100 yard receiving game on the season. Defensively, Shilique Calhoun recorded two sacks and was named Big Ten Defensive Player of the Week. The hero for the Spartans, Jalen Watts-Jackson, injured his hip on the game-winning play and required season ending surgery afterwards. The injury was not deemed career threatening.
Indiana
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The Spartans moved to 8–0 on the season.
Nebraska
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Nebraska handed Michigan State their only loss of the regular season due to a controversial touchdown. Nebraska receiver Brandon Reilly stepped out of bounds, but reestablished himself as a player and caught the touchdown pass. The officials ruled that he was forced out of bounds and gave Nebraska the touchdown. Michigan State tried to get into field goal range to kick a field goal that would win them the game, but failed to do so. At the last second, Connor Cook (surrounded by Nebraska defenders) threw the ball incomplete into the end zone to avoid being sacked and Nebraska upset the Spartans 39–38.
The loss gave MSU its first loss of the season falling to 8–1.
Maryland
Sources:
After a controversial loss on the road against Nebraska, Michigan State fell out of the top 10 for the first time all season and were looking to bounce back at home against a Maryland team that so far had gone winless in conference play.
Offensively, the Spartans struggled, as Connor Cook injured his shoulder during the first quarter and Tyler O'Connor had to play in relief. After Malik McDowell forced a Maryland fumble which was recovered by Damon Knox at the MD 48 yard line, O'Connor led the offense to a touchdown his first possession in on a 10-yard pass to Macgarrett Kings, capping off a 10 play, 50 yard drive. Maryland would respond with a touchdown of their own on their next possession, driving 91 yards in 10 plays, tying the game at 7 apiece on a Brandon Ross 1 yard touchdown run. With just over 2 minutes remaining in the half, Riley Bullough intercepted a Perry Hillis pass and returned it 44 yards for a touchdown, giving MSU a 14–7 lead. Several possessions later, Maryland would send in backup QB Caleb Rowe after Perry Hillis failed to get much going offensively for the Terrapins; Rowe would be intercepted by Arjen Colquhoun at the Maryland 20 yard line. Two quick Connor Cook pass completions to Aaron Burbridge and Josiah Price got MSU down to the Maryland 17 yard line before Michael Geiger made a 35-yard field goal as time expired, giving Michigan State a 17–7 lead at the half.
Tyler O'Connor would takeover as quarterback in the 2nd half as Connor Cook's injury prevented him from playing. After the defense forced a 3 and out on Maryland's opening drive, Michigan State's offense embarked on an 11 play, 62 yard drive where Gerald Holmes received 9 carries, rushing for 45 yards on the drive, including a 3-yard touchdown run that extended Michigan State's lead to 24–7. The remainder of the game was a defensive struggle, as Maryland would drive into Michigan State territory on three of their last four possessions, but would commit turnovers on all three of those possessions (fumble, turnover on downs, and an interception). Michigan State would run out the clock after Montae Nicholson picked off Caleb Rowe and returned the ball to the MSU 45 yard line.
The two teams combined to commit 8 turnovers, 3 by Michigan State, and 5 by Maryland. The Michigan State defense would force all 5 of those Maryland turnovers (3 interceptions, 2 fumbles), recorded its 2nd defensive touchdown of the season, and had 3 sacks. Michigan State improved to 9–1 (5–1 in conference play) on the season.
Ohio State
Sources:
The Spartans would be without senior QB Connor Cook (who was still recovering from the shoulder injury he had suffered the week prior against Maryland) going into their toughest road game of the season at #2 Ohio State, who were riding a 23-game win streak heading into the contest. The Buckeyes handed the Spartans one of their only 2 losses the previous season, and if Michigan State wanted to keep its goal of winning the Big Ten and securing a potential College Football Playoff spot alive, they had to win in Columbus. The weather conditions were cold and wet, which would make throwing the football a difficult task. Although Cook was seen dressed and warming up on the sidelines before the game began, the Spartans ultimately would employ a 2-QB system with both back-up QBs Tyler O'Connor and Damion Terry receiving playing time throughout the game.
Neither team would be able to score in the first quarter, with both defenses stifling the opposing offenses and forcing punts throughout the quarter. Michigan State would have the ball early in the 2nd quarter and would move the ball to near mid-field (MSU 44 yard line) before a sack on Damion Terry by Sam Hubbard would force the ball loose and fellow Ohio State defensive lineman Adolphus Washington would recover the fumble in MSU territory. 10 plays later, Ohio State would score the first points of the game on an Ezekiel Elliott 1 yard run, giving the Buckeyes a touchdown lead early in the 2nd quarter. However, the Spartans would answer on their ensuing offensive possession, driving 75 yards in 9 plays on a drive that featured two big passes from Tyler O'Connor, the first one being a 36-yard completion to Aaron Burbridge on 3rd and 14 that kept the drive alive, and a 12-yard pass to Trevon Pendleton that resulted in a touchdown, tying the game 7–7 midway through the half. After the MSU defense forced a quick 3 and out on the next OSU possession, a poor Cameron Johnston punt that only netted 5 yards would give MSU the ball at the Ohio State 23 yard line. Despite the favorable field position, the Spartan offense could not move the ball at all, and Michael Geiger would miss a 43-yard field goal attempt that would have given Michigan State a 3-point lead. That would end the scoring chances for either team for the remainder of the half, as both offenses would struggle to put a solid drive together. The game was tied 7–7 at the half.
Both offenses would continue to struggle well into the 3rd quarter until a muffed punt by Macgarrett Kings would be recovered by Ohio State at the Michigan State 6 yard line. Ohio State would waste little time taking advantage of the Spartans second turnover, as J. T. Barrett throw a touchdown pass to Jalin Marshall on the first play of the possession to give the Buckeyes a 14–7 lead with just over 3 minutes left to play in the quarter. Needing an answer on offense following a disastrous turnover on special teams, the Spartans began their next possession on their own 25 yard line and would move the ball to the OSU 34 yard line before the 3rd quarter came to the end. After a long, 13 play, 75 yard drive that extended into the 4th quarter, Michigan State would tie the score at 14–14 on a Gerald Holmes 2 yard touchdown run. The game would then turn into a battle of field position, as after an Ohio State drive sputtered out near mid-field, Cameron Johnston would pin the Michigan State offense at their own 4 yard line. The Spartan offense would dig themselves out of the hole on the first play, as LJ Scott would break through the middle for a 20-yard run, moving the ball to the MSU 24 yard line. MSU would move the ball all the way to their own 42 yard line before being forced to punt; Jake Hartbarger would pin Ohio State at their own 7 yard line. The Michigan State defense would force Ohio State to punt out of their own end-zone after the Buckeyes could only muster 4 yards on what would be their final offensive possession. On the punt attempt, Malik McDowell would get a hand on the ball, causing the punt to only net 37 yards and setting up the offense with favorable field position at the Ohio State 48 yard line. Needing only a field goal to win the game, Michigan State would begin their final drive with a little over 4 minutes remaining in the game. Using the run game to run time off the clock to ensure that regardless of the outcome of the drive, Ohio State would have no time left to score, the offense drove all the way to the OSU 23 yard line, using their final timeout with 3 seconds left on the clock to set up a Michael Geiger field goal attempt to win the game. Ohio State head coach Urban Meyer would use a timeout in an attempt to ice the kicker, but it would not have the desired effect as Geiger would convert on a 41-yard field goal attempt as the clock expired, giving Michigan State a 17–14 win.
Despite playing two backups at the QB position, Michigan State would snap Ohio State's 23-game winning streak on Senior day in Columbus; this would be the second time the Spartans would pull off such a feat, as two years prior MSU had snapped an Ohio State 24-game winning streak after beating the Buckeyes in the Big Ten Championship Game. Additionally, this was also the first time under Urban Meyer that Ohio State had lost a regular season conference game. Tyler O'Connor would finish the game completing 7/12 passes for 91 yards and a touchdown, however the running game was the prevailing theme of the day as LJ Scott and Gerald Holmes carried the brunt of the load, combining for 27 carries, 123 yards, and 1 touchdown; as a team they rushed for 203 yards. The Spartan offense also dominated the time of possession, controlling the ball for 38:10. The Michigan State defense held Ohio State to five first downs and 132 yards of total offense (86 rushing, 46 passing). The Buckeyes had six three-and-outs. The 132 yards were the fewest by an Urban Meyer-coached team and the fewest allowed by MSU since Illinois had 128 yards on Oct. 26, 2013. It was also the fewest total yards for a Buckeye team since 1999 (79 vs. Michigan State). Ohio State entered the game ranked first in the Big Ten in scoring offense (36.4 points per game) and rushing offense (244.8 yards per game) and second in total offense (453.3 yards per game). With the win, the Spartans took control of the East Division and only needed to defeat Penn State the following week to secure a 3rd appearance in the Big Ten Championship Game.
Penn State
Sources:
After defeating Ohio State the previous week on a last second Michael Geiger field goal, Michigan State controlled its destiny in the Big Ten East division. All they needed to do was defeat rival Penn State, and they would play Iowa in the Big Ten Championship Game. The Spartans defeated the Nittany Lions the year before 34–10 on their way to receiving a bid to the Cotton Bowl.
Penn State's first possession was cut short as a Christian Hackenberg pass was intercepted in the end zone by MSU DB Arjen Colquhoun. Connor Cook and the Spartan offense would take advantage of the turnover, scoring on a 9 play, 80 yard drive which ended with a R.J. Shelton 29 yard touchdown reception, giving Michigan State an early touchdown lead. Michael Geiger would miss the extra point, only the 4th missed extra point attempt of his career. Neither team would score the remainder of the quarter. In the 2nd quarter, Penn State would score a field goal after being stopped at the MSU 1 yard line on 2nd and 3rd down, pulling them within 3. On the next Penn State possession, the Spartan defense would give the offense favorable field position after a Malik McDowell sack of Christian Hackenberg on 3rd and 7 with just over 10 minutes left in the half resulted in a loss of 10 yards, causing Penn State to punt from their own 5 yard line. 6 plays later, Gerald Holmes would score a touchdown on a 6-yard run, giving Michigan State a 13–6 lead with 7 minutes remaining in the half. The next Penn State possession ended in disaster for the Nittany Lions after Kyle Carter fumbled on a 10-yard reception that would have given Penn State a 1st down at the MSU 23 yard line. Instead, Demetrious Cox would scoop up the fumble and return it 77 yards for a touchdown, giving Michigan State a 20–3 lead late in the first half. Penn State would recover with a 10 play, 67 yard touchdown drive, capped off by a Chris Godwin 8 yard touchdown reception, cutting the lead to 20–10 at halftime.
The Michigan State offense would score a touchdown on the opening drive of the second half with a tremendous individual effort from Aaron Burbridge on a 29-yard pass from Connor Cook, where Burbridge was forced out of bounds, re-established position in bounds, made the catch, stayed on his feet, made 2 spin moves, and broke several tackles to get into the end zone, giving Michigan State a 27–10 lead with a little under 12 minutes to play in the third quarter. The Spartans added another touchdown to their lead on their next possession, as they drove the ball 69 yards in 12 plays, with Connor Cook throwing his third touchdown pass of the game to Josiah Price to enlarge the lead to 34–10. Penn State scored a touchdown on their next possession after a Saed Blacknall 77-yard reception (in which Demetrious Cox knocked the ball out of his hands from behind and nearly recovered it) put PSU in the red zone where Christian Hackenberg threw his second touchdown pass of the game to Saquon Barkley. They would go for 2 but fail, putting the score at 34–16. This would be the last time Penn State would score; Michigan State would add 3 more touchdowns, which included a LJ Scott 6 yard touchdown run, a Malik McDowell pick-six returned for 13 yards, and after Penn State fumbled on a kickoff return, a 9-yard touchdown run by Senior center Jack Allen. Michigan State would win in blowout fashion, 55–16, in the process securing the Big Ten East Division.
With the victory, Michigan State won their third division title, (two Legends Division titles, one East Division title) and went on to play Iowa in the Big Ten Championship Game, tying Wisconsin for most appearances in the championship game at 3. Dating back to 2010, this was Michigan State's third straight win over the Nittany Lions, with the rivalry seeing a three-year hiatus during the 2011, 2012, and 2013 seasons. Connor Cook threw for 3 touchdowns for the 10th time in his career.
The Spartans moved to 11–1 on the season.
Iowa (Big Ten Championship Game)
The Spartans faced Iowa in the Big Ten Championship, marking MSU's third appearance in the five Championship games held. A defensive struggle throughout which including an interception of a C.J. Beathard pass in the end zone by Demetrious Cox, saw only field goals in the first half as Iowa took a 6–3 lead. Defense continued in the second half as MSU added two more field goals to take a 9–6 lead. However, Iowa struck with a big play on the first play of the fourth quarter when Beathard hit Tevaun Smith on an 85-yard pass and catch for a touchdown. The score put Iowa up 13–9. Both teams punted on their next possession and MSU took over at their own 18 yard line with 9:31 left in the game. The Spartans engineered a 22 play, 82 yard, 9:04 drive to score a touchdown on an LJ Scott one yard run with 27 seconds remaining in the game. The dive by Scott gave the Spartans a 16–13 lead. On the drive, the longest drive of the season for the Spartans, MSU ran the ball on 17 of the 22 plays, Scott with 14 of the rushes. MSU's defense stymied Iowa on the final drive of the game and the Spartans won their second Big Ten Championship in the three years.
The Spartans moved to 12–1 on the season. Following the game, MSU was awarded the No. 3 seed in the College Football Playoff to face Alabama.
CFP Playoff: Alabama (College Football Playoff at the Cotton Bowl Classic)
After Oklahoma lost to Clemson 37–17 in the Orange Bowl Semifinal, Michigan State was throttled by Alabama 38–0 in the Cotton Bowl Classic Semifinal. A tight first half saw Alabama take a 10–0 lead into halftime. Near the end of the second quarter, Michigan State had its best drive of the night, but all-time winningest MSU quarterback, Connor Cook, was intercepted by Cyrus Jones. Alabama scored a touchdown on the opening possession of the second half and MSU turned the ball over on its first possession. Alabama could not capitalize on the turnover, but did return MSU's next punt for a touchdown, putting the game out of reach at 24–0 with a little over three minutes remaining in the third quarter. MSU's offense could not muster any points and were held to a total of 249 yards. Cook finished the night with zero touchdowns and two interceptions.
Alabama would go on to defeat Clemson 45–40 for the 2016 College Football Playoff National Championship.
Rankings
References
Michigan State
Michigan State Spartans football seasons
Big Ten Conference football champion seasons
Michigan State Spartans football |
23574582 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekranoplan%20%28album%29 | Ekranoplan (album) | Ekranoplan is the second studio album by American psychedelic rock band Assemble Head in Sunburst Sound, released in March 2007 on Tee Pee Records.
Track list
"Ekranoplan" – 3:17
"Mosquito Lantern" – 3:51
"Rudy on the Corner" – 3:44
"Summon the Vardig" – 6:09
"Occult Roots" – 4:15
"Message by Mistral and Thunderclap" – 3:45
"D. Brown" – 5:36
"The Chocolate Maiden's Misty Summer Morning" – 4:15
"Gemini 9" – 3:29
References
2007 albums
Assemble Head in Sunburst Sound albums
Tee Pee Records albums |
23574584 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zalia | Zalia | Zalia may refer to:
Zalia, West Virginia
Manuel Zelaya (born 1952), Honduran businessman & politician
See also
Zulia (disambiguation) |
17334619 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FV300%20Series | FV300 Series | The FV300 series was a project for a series of lightweight armoured fighting vehicles by the United Kingdom between 1947–50, a few years after World War II.
History
The development and construction of the tank was carried out by Vickers. However, only two prototypes were built. The project ended in 1950 at the prototype stage.
Variants
FV301 21 ton tank with 77mm gun
FV302 GPO/CPO Command Vehicle
FV303 20pdr Self Propelled Gun - 20 pounder
FV304 25pdr Self Propelled Gun - 25 pounder gun/howitzer
FV305 5.5 inch Self Propelled Gun - BL 5.5 inch Medium Gun
FV306 Light Armoured Recovery Vehicle
FV307 Radar Vehicle
FV308 Field Artillery Tractor
FV309 Royal Artillery section vehicle
FV310 Armoured Personnel Carrier
FV311 Armoured Load Carrier
External links
Arcane Fighting Vehicles
HenkofHolland
Light tanks of the United Kingdom
Cold War tanks of the United Kingdom
World War II tanks of the United Kingdom
Abandoned military projects of the United Kingdom
Trial and research tanks of the United Kingdom |
6904526 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ikazuchi-class%20destroyer%20escort | Ikazuchi-class destroyer escort | The was a destroyer escort (or frigate) class built for the Coastal Safety Force (later Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force, JMSDF) in the late 1950s.
In the FY1953, the Japanese government ordered three destroyer escorts, and this class. These vessels were the first indigenous post-World War II Japanese destroyer escorts, but their propulsion systems were different because the JMSDF tried to find the best way in the propulsion systems of future surface combatants. Akebono was a steam-powered vessel, but this class was diesel-powered vessels.
So equipment of this class were almost the same as those of Akebono, with two American 3"/50 caliber Mark 21 guns (or Type 54, the Japanese version) with two Mark 22 single mounts controlled by Mark 51 director each, two Bofors 40 mm anti-aircraft guns in a dual mount, a Hedgehog anti-submarine mortar and eight K-gun depth charge throwers. And in 1959, all Mark 21 guns were replaced by Mark 22 rapid-fire guns with Mark 34 single mounts and Mark 63 GFCS was introduced in exchange of the reduction of Bofors 40 mm guns.
This class had a twin-shaft machinery installation with two diesel engines (6,000ps each). This propulsion system was less powerful than the steam turbine machinery of Akebono, but it was able to propel the ship at a top speed of still. The JMSDF appreciated the lower cost of maintenance of machinery of this class, so every Japanese destroyer escorts adopted diesel propulsion system until the period of gas turbine powered vessels.
Ships
References
Frigate classes
Frigates of the Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force |
44498218 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franz%20Patay | Franz Patay | Franz Patay (born 1961 in Vienna) is an Austrian arts administrator, the former Rector of the Music and Arts University of the City of Vienna and CEO of the theatrical company Vereinigte Bühnen Wien.
Biography
As the son of a musical family (his father Georg was a viola player in the Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra for over 40 years) Franz Patay's interests were encouraged from a young age. After leaving school he began studies in law at the University of Vienna. In January 1986 Franz Patay graduated as a doctor of jurisprudence. At the same time, he studied arts and cultural management at the College of Music and Performing Arts Vienna from October 1994 to February 2017.
Franz Patay, who holds a doctorate in law, was Secretary General and Executive Director of the IMZ – International Music + Media Centre Vienna since October 1994. From February 2014 until August 2018 he held the post of Rector of the Music and Arts University of the City of Vienna. In June 2014 he was awarded the honorary title of Professor. In October 2016 he was appointed CEO of the Vereinigte Bühnen Wien (VBW). Patay is married with one daughter.
Career
University administration
In 1987 Patay was appointed Vice-rector (Administrative Director) of the then College of Music and Performing Arts Vienna. In this office, which he held until 1994, his principal responsibilities lay in the legal and organisational management of the university; the main focus of his work were the departments of voice and stage performance, film and television, as well as acting and directing the Max Reinhardt Seminar. On 1 February 2014 he returned to university administration as Chief Executive of the Konservatorium Wien GmbH; he also took over the role of Rector of the Music and Arts University of the City of Vienna until August 2018. In September 2018 the former Viennese city council for arts, science and sports Andreas Mailath-Pokorny assumed this position.
International networking in the music and media industry
Patay has headed the IMZ – International Music + Media Centre Vienna as Secretary General since 1994. The IMZ is an international non-profit organisation which was founded by Wilfried Scheib in 1961 under the auspices of UNESCO.
Organising large-scale cultural projects
Franz Patay's profile as an arts administrator is distinguished by the high number and variety of the individual projects carried out as part of large-scale international cultural events. As Chief Executive of the Vienna Mozart Year 2006, Franz Patay was responsible for overall coordination and implementation alongside Peter Marboe as Artistic Director. Together with Walter Reicher, Franz Patay was appointed to the executive board of the Haydn-Year 2009, where he was responsible for financial planning and programme coordination.
Kunsthalle and Kunst Haus Wien
In 2012 he took over the management of the Kunsthalle Wien and was the first Chief Executive of the Kunsthalle Wien GmbH. From 2007 to his appointment as Rector of the Konservatorium Wien University, he was also Chief Executive and Director of the Kunst Haus Wien. During his tenure, several major exhibitions were shown, including Annie Leibovitz, René Burri, HR Giger and Saul Leiter. At Patay's invitation, Paul McCartney attended the opening in 2013 of a retrospective of the deceased photographer Linda McCartney at the Kunst Haus Wien.
Vereinigte Bühnen Wien
In October 2016 Franz Patay succeeded Thomas Drozda as CEO of the Vereinigte Bühnen Wien, who has been appointed to the federal minister of culture.
Other activities
Since 2000, Patay has been a member of the International Council of the National Academy of Television Arts and Sciences, New York, the body responsible for the International Emmy Awards. Invitations to teach and guest lectures have taken him e.g. to the International Center for Culture & Management (ICCM) in Salzburg. In addition, Patay was on the board of the UNESCO International Music Council in Paris for six years and was chair of the advisory board of the Austrian Music Council (Österreichisches Musikrat – ÖMR) for two years. Paul Hertel was appointed as his successor at the ÖMR. In May 2016 Patay was elected into the board of trustees of the Alban Berg Foundation. Also in 2016 Patay was appointed to the general assembly of the Vienna Symphony.
Honours
On 12 June 2014 Patay was awarded the honorary title of Professor by the President of Austria. The laudatory speech was given by Elisabeth Freismuth, Rector of the University of Music and Performing Arts Graz since October 2014.
References
External links
Website Konservatorium Wien Universitäy
Website IMZ Austria
1961 births
Living people |
23574587 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard%20Costain | Richard Costain | Richard Costain (1839–1902) was the founder of Costain Group, one of the United Kingdom's largest, oldest and best-known construction businesses.
Career
Born and raised in the Isle of Man, Richard Costain moved to Crosby, Merseyside where, in 1865, he founded a small but well-equipped construction business. In the early days of the business, he worked in partnership with his brother-in-law William Kneen and together they expanded the business until it was operating both in Lancashire and on the Isle of Man. Kneen and Costain purchased tracts of land, then built many houses on them. Masons and joiners were recruited from Arbory on the Isle of Man.
Richard Costain later lived at Blundellsands, located near Crosby.
He died in West Derby in 1902 leaving the business, by then known as Richard Costain Limited, to his son William Percy Costain.
Family
In 1866, Costain married Margaret Kneen.
References
1839 births
1902 deaths
19th-century English businesspeople
People from Crosby, Merseyside
20th-century English businesspeople
British construction businesspeople |
44498222 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gladys%20Fairbanks | Gladys Fairbanks | Gladys Fairbanks (April 15, 1892 in California – November 2, 1958 in Alameda, California), was an American silent film actress of the 1910s. She was best known for roles in films such as The Poor Little Rich Girl (1917), The Road Between (1917) and Shore Acres (1914).
Filmography
Shore Acres as Ann (1914)
The Poor Little Rich Girl as Jane (1917)
The Road Between as Sarah Abbott (1917)
Who's Your Neighbor? as Mrs Bowers (1917)
The Outsider as Miss Price (1917)
Our Little Wife (1917) (uncredited)
References
3.Changes made in birth and death by great-granddaughter Catherine
External links
American silent film actresses
20th-century American actresses
1892 births
1958 deaths |
23574596 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/In%20the%20Springtime%20of%20the%20Year | In the Springtime of the Year | In the Springtime of the Year is a 1973 novel by Susan Hill. Hill has stated that the book was inspired by the sudden death of a man to whom she had been close for eight years.
Reception
A 1974 book review by Kirkus Reviews concluded; "Susan Hill is the most uncompromising of writers and this is a monochrome of rural England where lives proceed in synergistic harmony with the natural world around them were it not for that whim of fate... Once again Miss Hill's novel achieves a consummate simplicity—we cannot fault its deliberate tonelessness without acknowledging its universality."
References
Novels by Susan Hill
1973 British novels
Hamish Hamilton books |
23574602 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/When%20Sweet%20Sleep%20Returned | When Sweet Sleep Returned | When Sweet Sleep Returned is the third studio album by American psychedelic rock band Assemble Head in Sunburst Sound, released in April 2009 on Tee Pee Records.
Track listing
"Two Stage Rocket" – 3:27
"Two Birds" – 7:37
"Drunken Leaves" – 4:18
"The Slumbering Ones" – 4:50
"Kolob Canyon" – 5:55
"By the Ripping Green" – 5:07
"Clive and the Lyre" – 3:51
"End Under Down" – 5:36
References
2009 albums
Assemble Head in Sunburst Sound albums
Tee Pee Records albums |
44498225 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kokkinopilos | Kokkinopilos | Kokkinopilos (, ) is an Aromanian village and a community of the Elassona municipality. Before the 2011 local government reform it was a part of the municipality of Olympos. The 2011 census recorded 125 inhabitants in the village and 592 inhabitants in the community. The community of Kokkinopilos covers an area of 129.368 km2.
Administrative division
The community of Kokkinopilos consists of two settlements:
Kalyvia
Kokkinopilos
Population
According to the 2011 census, the population of the settlement of Kokkinopilos was 125 people, a decrease of almost 29% compared with the population of the previous census of 2001.
History
Kokkinopilos was founded in the 12th century by Aromanian farmers. It was captured by the Ottomans in 1442 was administered as a chiflik. After a failed revolt against the Turkish Ottomans during the Greek War of Independence, the village was captured and looted by Ottoman troops. On 8 October 1912 Kokkinopilos was liberated by the Greek Army. During the Axis occupation of Greece the village was burned twice: in 1943 by the Italians and in 1944 by the Germans. The latter resulted to the scattering of the population of the village, in Katerini and Thessaloniki and to the establishment of Kalyvia as a permanent settlement.
See also
List of settlements in the Larissa regional unit
References
Aromanian settlements in Greece
Populated places in Larissa (regional unit) |
23574603 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bie%C8%99ti | Biești | Biești is a commune in Orhei District, Moldova. It is composed of three villages: Biești, Cihoreni and Slobozia-Hodorogea.
Notable people
Andrei Hodorogea (1878 in Slobozia-Hodorogea – 1917 in Chișinău) was a politician from Bessarabia
Protosinghelul Dosoftei Vîrlan (?–1933)
Gheorghe Andronache (1883–?)
Teodor Vicol (1888–?)
Nicanor Crocos (1890–1977)
Stela Popescu (1935–2017), actress
Andrei Munteanu (born 1939)
References
Communes of Orhei District |
44498246 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coed-y-paen | Coed-y-paen | Coed-y-paen is a village in South Wales, situated at the south-eastern end of Llandegfedd Reservoir, north-west of Llangybi. HM Prison Prescoed, a Category D prison, is located nearby.
The village has one public house, the Carpenters Arms.
Christchurch
The village church, Christchurch, was designed in 1848 by architect Sir Matthew Digby-Wyatt.
The church was built as a chapel of ease to the parish church of Llangybi. It was conveyed to the Church in Wales in 1861. A fine Victorian church of the Early English style, it comprises a nave and chancel and a western tower of three floors. It has a single bell.
References
External links
Village website
Villages in Monmouthshire |
17334634 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamma-L-Glutamyl-L-cysteine | Gamma-L-Glutamyl-L-cysteine | {{DISPLAYTITLE:gamma-L-Glutamyl-L-cysteine}}
γ -L-Glutamyl-L-cysteine, also known as γ-glutamylcysteine (GGC), is a dipeptide found in animals, plants, fungi, some bacteria, and archaea. It has a relatively unusual γ-bond between the constituent amino acids, L-glutamic acid and L-cysteine and is a key intermediate in the gamma (γ) -glutamyl cycle first described by Meister in the 1970s. It is the most immediate precursor to the antioxidant glutathione.
Biosynthesis
GGC is synthesized from L-glutamic acid and L-cysteine in the cytoplasm of virtually all cells in an adenosine triphosphate (ATP) requiring reaction catalysed by the enzyme glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL, EC 6.3.2.2; formerly γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase). The production of GGC is the rate limiting step in glutathione synthesis.
Occurrence
GGC occurs in human plasma in the range of 1 – 5 µM and intracellularly at 5 – 10 µM. The intracellular concentration is generally low because GGC is rapidly bonded with a glycine to form glutathione. This second and final reaction step in glutathione biosynthesis is catalysed by the activity of the ATP dependent glutathione synthetase enzyme.
Importance
GGC is essential to mammalian life. Mice that have had the glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL) gene knocked out do not develop beyond the embryo stage and die before birth. This is because GGC is vital for the biosynthesis of glutathione. Since the production of cellular GGC in humans slows down with age, as well as during the progression of many chronic diseases, it has been postulated that supplementation with GGC could offer health benefits. Such GGC supplementation may also be of benefit in situations where glutathione has been acutely lowered below optimum, such as following strenuous exercise, during trauma or episodes of poisoning.
Several review articles have been published exploring the therapeutic potential of GGC to replenish glutathione in age related and chronic disease states such as Alzheimer's disease.
GGC is also capable of being a powerful antioxidant in its own right.
Availability
GGC synthesis for commercial use is exceedingly difficult and, until recently, no commercially viable process for large scale production had been developed. The major drawback preventing the commercial success of chemical synthesis of GGC is the number of steps involved due to the three reactive groups on L-glutamic acid and L-cysteine molecules, which must be masked to achieve the correct regioisomer. Similarly, there have been numerous attempts at biological production of GGC by fermentation over the years and none have been successfully commercialised.
Towards the end of 2019, a biocatalytic process was successfully commercialized. GGC is now available as a supplement in the US under the trademarked name of Glyteine and Continual-G.
Bioavailability and supplementation
A human clinical study in healthy, non-fasting adults demonstrated that orally administered GGC can significantly increase lymphocyte GSH levels indicating systemic bioavailability, validating the therapeutic potential of GGC.
Animal model studies with GGC have supported a potential therapeutic role for GGC in both the reduction of oxidative stress induced damage in tissues, including the brain and as a treatment for sepsis.
In contrast, supplementation with glutathione is incapable of increasing cellular glutathione since the GSH concentration found in the extracellular environment is much lower than that found intracellularly by about a thousand-fold. This large difference means that there is an insurmountable concentration gradient that prohibits extracellular glutathione from entering cells. Although currently unproven, GGC may be the pathway intermediate of glutathione transportation in multicellular organisms.
Safety
Safety assessment of GGC sodium salt in rats has shown that orally administered (gavage) GGC was not acutely toxic at the limit single dosage of 2000 mg/kg (monitored over 14 days) and demonstrated no adverse effects following repeated daily doses of 1000 mg/kg over 90 days.
History
In 1983, pioneers of glutathione research, Mary E. Anderson and Alton Meister, were the first to report on the ability of GGC to augment cellular GSH levels in a rat model [3]. Intact GGC, which was synthesised in their own laboratory, was shown to be taken up by cells, bypassing the rate-limiting step of the GCL enzyme to be converted to glutathione. Control experiments with combinations of the constituent amino acids that make up GGC, including L-glutamic acid and L-cysteine, were ineffective. Since this initial work, only a few studies using GGC were performed due to the fact that there was no commercial source of GGC on the market. Subsequently, GGC has become commercially available and studies investigating its efficacy have commenced.
References
Amino acid derivatives |
17334637 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jesse%20Selengut | Jesse Selengut | Jesse Selengut (born September 9, 1968) is an American trumpeter, composer, and singer. Selengut led the contemporary jazz group NOIR.
He earned a master's degree in jazz studies from New York University.
References
American jazz trumpeters
American male trumpeters
Musicians from New York City
1968 births
Living people
Jazz musicians from New York (state)
21st-century trumpeters
21st-century American male musicians
American male jazz musicians
New York University alumni
People from Dover, New Jersey |
17334640 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KBBG | KBBG | KBBG (88.1 FM) is a non-commercial educational radio station licensed to serve the community of Waterloo, Iowa. KBBG is owned by Afro American Community Broadcasting, Inc and is organized as a 501(C)3 tax-exempt organization. Jimmie Porter founded the corporation in 1977 with a group of 16 other Waterloo residents. He remained active in its leadership, along with a board of directors, until his death in 2007.
KBBG began broadcasting on July 26, 1978 using a 10 watt transmitter, and upgraded on December 27, 1980 to 9,500 watts of power.
KBBG is a member-supported station of the Corporation for Public Broadcasting and is an affiliate of American Urban Radio Network (SBN).
KBBG is broadcasting using the HD Radio digital format as well as traditional analog audio.
See also
List of community radio stations in the United States
External links
BBG
NPR member stations
Community radio stations in the United States |
44498250 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Little%20Willy%20Foster | Little Willy Foster | Willy Foster (April 20, 1922 – November 25, 1987), known as Little Willy Foster (or Little Willie Foster), was an American Chicago blues harmonicist, singer, and songwriter.
Biography
Foster was born in Dublin, Mississippi, to Major Foster and Rosie Brown. He was raised on a plantation about ten miles south of Clarksdale. His mother died when he was aged five, and he was raised by his father, who was a local musician. Willy worked the fields from an early age and had little formal education. His father taught him to play the family's piano, and Willy later taught himself to master both the guitar and the harmonica. By 1942, he was working in Clarksdale. Around 1943, he relocated to Chicago. He played the blues around the city and teamed up with Floyd Jones, Lazy Bill Lucas, and his cousin Leroy Foster. Having befriended Big Walter Horton, Foster learned to play the harmonica in Horton's Chicago blues style. Beginning in the mid-1940s, this led to periodic work for Foster on Maxwell Street and in clubs in the city for over a decade. He also worked during this time in a band with Homesick James, Moody Jones and Floyd Jones.
In January 1955, Foster recorded two sides for Parrot Records, his own compositions "Falling Rain Blues" and "Four Day Jump", with accompaniment by Lucas, Jones and Eddie Taylor. Foster reportedly incurred the displeasure of the record label's owner, Al Benson, for reporting him to the American Federation of Musicians for underpaid dues on the recordings. In March 1957, Foster was back in a recording studio in Chicago, where he recorded two more of his songs, "Crying the Blues" and "Little Girl". Regarding the former, AllMusic noted that it "reflected both his emotional singing and his wailing, swooping harmonica".
From this point onwards, his personal life started to degenerate. Attending a house party, Foster was accidentally shot in the head by a woman playing with a handgun. The shooting caused partial paralysis and severely affected his ability to speak. He made a slow recovery but rarely played in public thereafter. In January 1974, Foster voluntarily surrendered himself to the local police after he shot and killed his roommate. Pleading self-defense and impairment of judgement due to his brain injury, he was found not guilty by reason of insanity and was sent to a state hospital in 1975.
Foster died of kidney cancer in the Illinois Insane Asylum in Chicago on November 25, 1987, aged 65.
His four released recordings are available on numerous compilation albums, issued both before and after his death.
Confusion
The variant spelling of his first name is due to the different spellings on his two singles.
He is not to be confused with another blues harmonica player, Willie James Foster (September 19, 1921 or 1922 – May 20, 2001).
Singles discography
See also
List of Chicago blues musicians
Notes
References
1922 births
1987 deaths
American blues harmonica players
American blues singers
20th-century African-American male singers
Songwriters from Mississippi
Chicago blues musicians
People from Dublin, Mississippi
Musicians from Clarksdale, Mississippi
Deaths from cancer in Illinois
20th-century American singers
Songwriters from Illinois
20th-century American male singers
Cobra Records artists
African-American songwriters
American male songwriters |
44498252 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISPA%20Belgium | ISPA Belgium | The Internet Service Providers Association (ISPA) is a Belgian trade association composed of access, hosting, service, and transit providers that advocates for the Internet sector in Belgium. The association currently consists of 25 members that have a public price list in Belgium for offering Internet or other IP services.
ISPA Belgium is the Belgian member of EuroISPA, a pan-European association of ISPAs.
Statistics
Every quarter, ISPA publishes a quarterly market survey with statistics of residential and business connections in Belgium.
External links
Official site
EuroISPA
Trade associations based in Belgium |
23574604 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Returns%20%28album%29 | Returns (album) | Returns is a live album by the fusion band Return to Forever. Released in 2009 by Eagle Records, it is the first recording by the band after a hiatus of 32 years. Also in 2009 a video recording of the band's live performances from the "Returns" tour at Montreux, Switzerland and (bonus material) Clearwater, Florida was released by Eagle Rock Entertainment as Returns: Live at Montreux 2008.
CD track listing
Disc one
"Opening Prayer" (Chick Corea) – 2:03
"Hymn of the Seventh Galaxy" (Corea) – 3:43
"Vulcan Worlds" (Stanley Clarke) – 13:45
"Sorceress" (Lenny White) – 11:22
"Song to the Pharaoh Kings" (Corea) – 27:13
Al's Solo, including – 8:54
"Children's Song #3" (Corea) duet with Chick Corea
"Passion Grace & Fire" (di Meola)
"Mediterranean Sundance" (di Meola)
"Café 1930"(Astor Piazzolla)
"Spain"(Corea, Joaquín Rodrigo) duet with Chick Corea
"No Mystery" (Corea) – 8:52
Disc two
"Friendship" (Corea) Chick's Solo, including "Solar" (Miles Davis) – 8:52
"Romantic Warrior" (Corea) – 7:19
"El Bayo de Negro" Stanley's Solo (Clarke) – 11:25
"Lineage" Lenny's Solo (White) – 7:39
"Romantic Warrior" (continued) (Corea) – 3:03
"Duel of the Jester and the Tyrant" (Corea) – 14:03
Bonus tracks
"500 Miles High" (Corea) – 12:48
BBC Lifetime Achievement Award to RTF as presented by Sir George Martin, including a performance of "Romantic Warrior" – 8:20
Recorded at the:
Ruth Eckerd Hall, Clearwater, Florida, the U.S., July 31, 2008 (tracks 1.1–2.5)
Bank of America Pavilion, Boston, Massachusetts, the U.S., August 6, 2008 (track 2.6)
Stravinski Auditorium, Montreux Jazz Festival, Switzerland, July 18, 2008 (track 2.7)
DVD-Video track listing
Main show – Stravinski Auditorium, Montreux Jazz Festival, Switzerland, 18 July 2008
Introduction
"Hymn of the Seventh Galaxy" (Chick Corea)
"Vulcan Worlds" (Stanley Clarke)
"Sorceress" (Lenny White)
"Song to the Pharaoh Kings" (Corea)
Al's solo
"No Mystery" (Corea)
"Chick's Solo
"Romantic Warrior" (Corea)
"El Bayo de Negro" (Stanley's solo)
"Lineage" (Lenny's solo)
"Romantic Warrior" (conclusion) (Corea)
Bonus tracks – Ruth Eckerd Hall, Clearwater, Florida, 31 July 2008
"Lineage" (Lenny's solo)
Al's solo
"Friendship" (Chick's solo)
"El Bayo de Negro" (Stanley's solo)
"Duel of the Jester and the Tyrant" (Corea)
Personnel
Return to Forever
Chick Corea – Yamaha grand piano C3MP, Rhodes Midi Piano Mark V, synthesizers (Minimoog Voyager, Sequential Circuits Prophet-5, Yamaha Motif)
Al Di Meola – acoustic and electric guitar
Stanley Clarke – electric and acoustic bass
Lenny White – drums
CD production
Return To Forever – producer
Bernie Kirsh – engineer (recording, mixing)
Buck Snow – engineer (mixing)
Doug Sax – engineer (mastering)
Marc Bessant – artwork, cover
DVD-Video production
Return To Forever – producer, engineer (mixing)
Christine Strand – producer (video), director
Josh Adams – producer (video)
Buck Snow – engineer (mixing)
E. Churchod – photography
Georges A. Braunschweig – photography
Chart performance
References
Review of video at Jazztimes.com by Meredith, Bill
External links
Return to Forever - Returns (2009) album review by Hal Horowitz, credits & releases at AllMusic
Return to Forever - Returns (2009) album releases & credits at Discogs
Return to Forever - Returns (2009) album to be listened as stream on Spotify
Return to Forever - Returns: Live at Montreux 2008 (2009) Blu-ray/DVD releases & credits at Discogs
Return to Forever albums
2009 live albums
Live jazz fusion albums |
17334644 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William%20S.%20Livingston | William S. Livingston | William Samuel Livingston (July 1, 1920 – August 15, 2013) was a political science professor who was the acting president of the University of Texas at Austin, a position he held from 1992 until 1993. Born in Ironton, Ohio, Livingston fought in World War II as a first lieutenant and was awarded the Bronze Star and the Purple Heart. In 1943 he obtained bachelor's and master's degrees from Ohio State University before transferring to Yale University, where he was award a PhD in 1950.
Livingston joined the University of Texas at Austin in 1949 and stayed with the political science faculty until his retirement in 2007. During his tenure, he received Ford and Guggenheim Fellowships, chaired two departments, developed numerous programs and served as Dean of the Graduate School and acting president of the University of Texas at Austin. In 1995 he was made senior vice president of the university.
Livingston was the editor-in-chief of The Journal of Politics and president of Pi Sigma Alpha. Among his numerous awards was the American Political Science Association's Daniel Elazar Award, an organization on whose council he had served twice. Since 2004, the William S. Livingston Outstanding Graduate Student Academic Employee Award has recognized exemplary graduate student employees.
Early life
William Livingston was born on July 1, 1920 in Ironton, Ohio. He graduated from Ohio State University with a bachelor's degree and Phi Beta Kappa honors in 1943, before getting his master's degree at the university in the same year. After his service in World War II he studied at Yale University, where he obtained a Ph.D. in political science in 1950.
He served as a field artillery officer, in the capacity of First Lieutenant, during World War II. Fighting in Europe, he earned both the Bronze Star and the Purple Heart. After the war, he married Lana Sanor and had two sons with her, Stephen and David.
Academic and administrative career
In 1949, Livingston joined the faculty of the political science department at the University of Texas at Austin. He began by teaching courses in American and British government, as well as comparative politics. He received a one-year Ford Foundation Fellowship in 1952 and a Guggenheim Fellowship in 1959, the same year he won the University of Texas Student Association's "Teaching Excellence Award." He lectured at Yale University in the 1955-56 academic year and at Duke University in the 1960-61 academic year. In 1982 he was named to the Jo Anne Christian Professorship in British Studies, a seat that, as of 2008, he continues to hold. During his tenure at the University of Texas at Austin, he wrote or edited six books and at least twenty-five articles on political science topics. He was also the voice of "TEX", the university's telephonic registration system (Telephone Enrollment eXchange).
In 1954 he was made assistant dean of the graduate school at the University of Texas, a position that he held until 1958. He later became the vice president and dean of graduate students in 1979, an appointment that lasted until 1995. He was the graduate adviser for the Government Department from 1958 until 1967 and its chair from 1966 through 1969. He became the vice chancellor for academic programs of the University of Texas System for the 1969-70 academic year. He chaired the comparative studies program from 1978–79 and spent six years as the chairman for the Faculty Senate.
In the 1960s he chaired the committee that helped establish the Lyndon B. Johnson School of Public Affairs. In addition, he helped develop the James A. Michener Center for Writers, the Normandy Scholars Program, the Edward A. Clark Center for Australian and New Zealand Studies, and the Faculty Seminar on British Studies. He also was instrumental in forming the Graduate Assembly for faculty members. From September 1992 through January 1993, while still the dean of graduate studies, he was named the acting president of University of Texas at Austin. After his retirement from the former position, he was made senior vice president of the university.
Later life
Livingston has been the president of both the Southern Political Science Association and the Southwestern Social Science Association, and for four years he was the chief editor for The Journal of Politics. From 1980 until 1982 he was the National President of the political science honor society, Pi Sigma Alpha. Livingston has won several university-based awards, including the Pro Bene Meritis Award from the College of Liberal Arts (1992) and the Award of Distinction from the Parent's Association (1994), and was recognized as a University Distinguished Educator by the Ex-Students' Association, followed by the second "Distinguish Service Award" in the organization's history. The Conference of Southern Graduate Schools honored his "Distinguished Service to Graduate Education" in 1995, which was followed a year later by the Texas Association of Graduate Schools' President’s Award for Distinguished Service. In 2005 he received a Presidential Citation for "extraordinary contributions to The University of Texas at Austin." On September 2, 2006, he received the American Political Science Association's Daniel Elazar Award for his work on federalism and intergovernmental relations, an organization on whose council he had served twice.
Livingston's successor, Robert M. Berdahl, referred to him as "the conscience, the soul, the memory, the wit, and the wise elder statesman" of the University of Texas. Since 2004, the William S. Livingston Outstanding Graduate Student Academic Employee Award has recognized "outstanding performance by graduate student academic employees." Livingston retired from the University of Texas on August 31, 2007, at the age of 87, and died at a retirement home in Austin on August 15, 2013.
References
1920 births
2013 deaths
Presidents of the University of Texas at Austin
American political scientists
Ohio State University alumni
Yale University alumni
United States Army officers
United States Army personnel of World War II
People from Ironton, Ohio |
17334666 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/12345 | 12345 | 12345 may refer to:
The ZIP code exclusive to the General Electric plant in Schenectady, New York
Saraighat Express, a superfast train in India with number 12345
The year 12,345 in the 13th millennium AD |
44498264 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1945%20French%20constitutional%20referendum%20in%20Guinea | 1945 French constitutional referendum in Guinea | A constitutional referendum was held in Guinea on 21 October 1945 as part of the wider French constitutional referendum. Both questions were approved by large margins. Voter turnout was 73.5%.
Results
Question I
Question II
References
1945 referendums
October 1945 events in Africa
1945
1945 in Guinea
Constitutional referendums in France |
23574608 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horsham%20Hurst%20%28electoral%20division%29 | Horsham Hurst (electoral division) | Horsham Hurst is an electoral division of West Sussex in the United Kingdom and returns one member to sit on West Sussex County Council.
Extent
The division covers the western part of the town of Horsham.
It comprises the following Horsham District wards: the western part of Horsham Park Ward and Trafalgar Ward.
Election results
2013 Election
Results of the election held on 2 May 2013:
2009 Election
Results of the election held on 4 June 2009:
This division as it came into existence as the result of a boundary review recommended by the Boundary Committee for England, the results of which were accepted by the Electoral Commission in March 2009.
References
Election Results - West Sussex County Council
External links
West Sussex County Council
Election Maps
Electoral Divisions of West Sussex |
23574612 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lakkattoor | Lakkattoor | Lakkattoor is a small village in Kooroppada panchayat, about 17 km east of Kottayam, Kerala located between Kottayam, Ettumanoor, Pala & Ponkunnam. Surrounded by small hills, valleys, streams and rubber trees. Lakkattoor is a unique name. It is believed that the name might have changed from 'Plakkattoor', because the area has lot of jack fruit trees known as 'Plavu' (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam). Jack fruit is also known as 'Plakka'.
Schools/colleges in this village: MGM NSS College, MGM NSS Higher Secondary School, Cluny public school cheppumpara (CBSE)
KR Narayanan National film institute Kanjiranamattam is located few kilometers from the heart of Lakkattoor.
References
Villages in Kottayam district |
44498271 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Real%20Colegio%20de%20Santa%20Potenciana | Real Colegio de Santa Potenciana | The Santa Potenciana College or Colegio de Santa Potenciana was the first school for girls established in 1589 in the Philippines. It was intended to provide shelter for the orphans of the military personnel. The building was ruined by the 1645 earthquake. The site was later used for the construction of the Palacio del Gobernador (which was destroyed by the 1863 earthquake). At present, the Philippine Veterans Building, Insurance Center Building, and the Philippine National Red Cross Main Office stand on its former site.
History
The Royal College of Santa Potenciana was established in 1589 by Philip II - urging the Manila bishop, Domingo de Salazar, OP and the Franciscans. In 1592, the school drew its charter, cited the main reason for its foundation; the lack of educational opportunity for girls. In 1594, the school was opened to the public. Capitán Luis de Vivanco donated the original site for the college. Although employing stone construction as anticipation for strong earthquakes, the 1645 earthquake left the College of Santa Potenciana in a ruined state. In the 17th century, the school was transferred to the corner of Calle Cabildo and Calle Santa Potenciana. By the end of the 18th century, the Palacio del Gobernador was constructed, incorporating the ruins of College of Santa Potenciana.
Government offices were moved into the new building of College of Santa Potenciana in 1866 due to the destruction of Palacio del Gobernador by the 1863 earthquake. Due to that circumstance, the enrollment rate in the College of Santa Potenciana dropped - with the remaining student boarders transfer to Colegio de Sta. Isabel. Later on, these two institutions were merged; thus, paved the way for the dissolution of the College of Santa Potenciana.
The new building of College of Santa Potenciana became the official governor-general's palace. However, the incoming governor-general decided to transfer to Malacañang Palace in San Miguel, Manila. The building was, then, turned over to the Segundo Cabo, the second-in-command of the military after the governor-general. It housed the Subinspecciones de Infantería, Caballería, Carabineros and the Guardia Civil. The building was destroyed by the 1880 earthquake.
Present condition
Philippine Veterans Bank and the Red Cross Main Building presently occupy the former site of Santa Potenciana and the National Commission for Culture and the Arts building the 19th-century site.
Marker from the Intramuros Administration
References
Education in Intramuros
Girls' schools in the Philippines
Defunct universities and colleges in the Philippines
Former buildings and structures in Manila
1589 establishments in the Spanish Empire |
44498274 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/May%201946%20French%20constitutional%20referendum%20in%20Guinea | May 1946 French constitutional referendum in Guinea | A constitutional referendum was held in Guinea on 5 May 1946 as part of the wider French constitutional referendum. The proposed new constitution was rejected by 51% of voters in the territory, and 53% of voters overall.
Results
References
1946 referendums
May 1946 events in Africa
1946
1946 in French Guinea
Constitutional referendums in France |
23574616 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chiperceni | Chiperceni | Chiperceni is a commune in Orhei District, Moldova. It is composed of three villages: Andreevca, Chiperceni and Voroteț.
Notable people
Ilarion Buiuc
References
Communes of Orhei District
Orgeyevsky Uyezd |
44498280 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/October%201946%20French%20constitutional%20referendum%20in%20Guinea | October 1946 French constitutional referendum in Guinea | A constitutional referendum was held in Guinea on 13 October 1946 as part of the wider French constitutional referendum. Although the proposed new constitution was rejected by 54% of voters in the territory, it was approved 53% of voters overall.
Results
References
1946 referendums
October 1946 events in Africa
1946
1946 in French Guinea
Constitutional referendums in France |
23574620 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmed%20Idris%20Wase | Ahmed Idris Wase | Ahmed Idris (known as Ahmed Idris Wase; born 1 June 1964) is a Nigerian politician who serves as the Deputy Speaker of the 9th Nigerian House of Representatives. He is a member of All Progressive Congress
Education and personal life
Idris attended LSB Primary School Bashar in Wase, Plateau, Government Secondary school Mbar, Government Secondary school Dengi, Plateau State Polytechnic, Kaduna Polytechnic and Harvard Kennedy School of Government United States.
Non-political offices
Civil & Maintenance, Works Dept. C.O.E., Gindiri Member.
Sub-Establishment Committee, C.O.E., Gindiri.
Chairman, Non-Academic Staff Union, C.O.E., Gindiri (1989–1994).
Chairman, Senior Staff Welfare Committee (1990–1993).
Chairman, Joint Academic & Non-Academic Staff Union of Plateau State Tertiary Institutions (1992–1994).
President, Civil Eng. Students Asso., Kaduna Poly Branch (1994–1995).
Dir. Of organization, Gamji Memorial Club, KadPoly Branch (1994–1995).
Chairman, Non-Academic Staff Union, Plateau State Council (1999–2002).
Political career
Deputy House Leader of the Federal House of Representatives, 2018–2019.
Member of the Federal Government Delegation to the 89th Session of the United Nations General Assembly held in New York, United States, 2016.
Governing Council Member of the National Institute of Legislative and Democratic Studies (NILDS), 2015.
Member into the Federal House of Representatives in Nigeria, 2007-
Executive Secretary of State Pilgrims Board, Plateau State, 2005–2006
Ahmed Wase was elected into the lower Chamber of the National Assembly in 2007 and is currently serving his fourth term as a member of House of Representatives, Wase Federal Constituency. He worked in the following committees as Member House Of Representatives: Federal Character, Environment, Emergency & Disaster, Public Account, Area Council, Housing and Habitat, Capital Market, Poverty Alleviation, Petroleum (Upstream), Justice, Public Petitions and Labour, and Youth and Employment Head of Section.
He was elected Deputy speaker in 9th National Assembly, House of Representative, with 358 votes unopposed.
Awards
Commander of the Order of the Niger
Best Legislator in Plateau State- Plateau State Award Committee
Award for Excellence by Centre for Values and Ethics
Leadership Excellence Award by University of Jos
In October 2022, a Nigerian national honour of Commander of the Order of the Niger (CON) was conferred on him by President Muhammadu Buhari.
References
External links
http://ahmedidriswase4speaker.com.ng/about-us/personal website.
https://www.shineyoureye.org/person/ahmed-idris-maje/
Living people
Members of the House of Representatives (Nigeria)
1964 births |
44498282 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jach%27a%20Jawira%20%28La%20Paz-Oruro%29 | Jach'a Jawira (La Paz-Oruro) | Jach'a Jawira (Aymara jach'a big, great, jawira river, "great river", hispanicized names río Jachcha Jahuira, río Jacha Jahuira Caxata, río Jachcha Jahuira de Caxata) which later is named Q'ara Qullu and Waña Jawira is a Bolivian river in the La Paz Department and in the Oruro Department. Its waters flow towards Uru Uru Lake.
The river originates near the mountain Wisk'achani in the La Paz Department, Loayza Province, Yaco Municipality. Its direction is to the south while it flows along the border of the Ichoca Municipality of the Inquisivi Province and the Yaco Municipality. Some of its affluents are Ch'iyar Jawira ("black river", Chiar Jahuira), Wari Umaña (Wari Umana) and Wich'inka Jawira ("tail river", Huichinca Jahuira) from the left and Urnuni (Hornum, Hornuni) from the right. After Qallun Uma (Callun Uma), a left tributary, reaches Jach'a Jawira in the Caracollo Municipality of the Cercado Province the river is named Q'ara Qullu ("bare mountain", Caracollo). Within the municipality it later receives the name Waña Jawira ("dry river", Huana Jahuira).
References
Rivers of La Paz Department (Bolivia)
Rivers of Oruro Department |
44498401 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marino%20Di%20Teana | Marino Di Teana | Francesco Marino, better known as Marino Di Teana (August 8, 1920 – January 1, 2012) was an Italian Argentine sculptor.
History
He emigrated to Argentina, working as a bricklayer at the age of 16 and became a construction site manager at 22. At the same time, he studied at the Salguero Polytechnic at the Architectural National School. He entered the Higher National School of Fine Arts Ernesto de la Carcova in Buenos Aires via an entrance competition and graduated with the title of Higher Professor and obtained a professorship at that school. He won the Premio Mittre, equivalent to the European Grand Prix de Rome.
References
1920 births
2012 deaths
Italian emigrants to Argentina
20th-century Italian sculptors
20th-century Italian male artists
Italian male sculptors
21st-century sculptors
People from the Province of Potenza
Argentine contemporary artists
Italian contemporary artists |
23574632 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andreevca | Andreevca | Andreevca (, Andriyivka, , Andreyevka) is a commune in Transnistria, Moldova. It is composed of three villages: Andreevca, Pîcalova (Пикалово, Пыкалово) and Șmalena (Шмалена). It has since 1990 been administered as a part of the breakaway Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic (PMR).
References
Communes of Transnistria
Rîbnița District |
17334684 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arkansas%E2%80%93Texas%20A%26M%20football%20rivalry | Arkansas–Texas A&M football rivalry | The Arkansas–Texas A&M football rivalry is an American college football rivalry between the Arkansas Razorbacks and Texas A&M Aggies, which started in 1903. Between 1992 and 2008, the schools did not play each other when Arkansas left the Southwest Conference to join the Southeastern Conference. The rivalry was renewed as a neutral-site out-of-conference contest (and branded as The Southwest Classic) in 2009; in 2012 it once again became a conference rivalry when Texas A&M also joined the Southeastern Conference. Arkansas leads the series 42–34–3.
Series history
Arkansas and Texas A&M first played each other in 1903, and would play each other three times from 1903 to 1912, all as non-conference matchups.
Arkansas and Texas A&M would not meet on the field again until 1927, notwithstanding that both schools became charter members of the Southwest Conference twelve years earlier in 1915. The schools played annually from 1927 to 1930, but would not meet again until 1934. From 1934 to 1991, the two teams played annually as conference members. The annual matchup ceased in 1991 when Arkansas left the conference to join the Southeastern Conference.
On March 10, 2008, officials from both schools announced the series would recommence on October 3, 2009, under the name "Southwest Classic." The annual location for the game was announced as Cowboys Stadium (now called AT&T Stadium), located in Arlington. The attendance for the stadium was initially expected to be in the 80,000 range. Depending on ticket demand, temporary seating can be added to the stadium to increase the capacity up to 100,000 seats for the game. The tickets were said to be split 50/50 between the two schools. The initial agreement between the two schools allowed the game to be played for at least 10 years, followed by 5 consecutive, 4-year rollover options, allowing the game to potentially be played for a total of 30 consecutive seasons.
The rivalry once again became a conference matchup when Texas A&M joined the SEC on July 1, 2012, and became a member of the West Division of the conference alongside Arkansas. However, for Texas A&M's first two seasons in the SEC the series was played as a home-and-home series at the schools' campuses (Texas A&M hosted in 2012 and Arkansas hosted in 2013); the series resumed neutral-site play in AT&T Stadium for the 2014 season until at least 2024. Multiple athletic directors at Texas A&M have expressed a desire to move away from playing the game at AT&T Stadium, and on July 20, 2020, it was reported that the game would be played at Kyle Field due to precautions stemming from the COVID-19 pandemic, with a return trip potentially being played at Donald W. Reynolds Razorback Stadium in 2021. That return trip to Fayetteville did not happen, and the series resumed being played in Arlington in 2021.
After joining the SEC in 2012, A&M went on a 9-game winning streak, which was its longest in the series and first winning streak of more than 2 games in the series for the Aggies since 1938–1943. Arkansas broke the streak in 2021 and improved its record against A&M in Arlington to 4–6.
Game results
Notable games
1903 – First meeting
Texas A&M 6 – Arkansas 0
In the first ever meeting, and only the 43rd game ever played by Arkansas and the 42nd ever played by Texas A&M, the Aggies won 6–0. The Aggies were coached by J. E. Platt and the Razorbacks were coached (in his only season as a head coach) by D. A. McDaniel.
1937 – First ranking in series
Arkansas 26 – Texas A&M 13
After the introduction of the AP Poll in the 1936 season, the first ranking in the series came just the next year, with defending conference champions Arkansas being ranked No. 20 prior to the matchup. Arkansas won 26–13, in the two teams' second meeting in Fayetteville as conference foes.
1939 – Texas A&M's national championship year
Texas A&M 27 – Arkansas 0
In 1939, after winning the game 27–0, the Aggies went on to an overall record of 11–0 and named the college football national champions in the Associated Press writers' poll for the 1939 college football season.
1964 – Arkansas's national championship year
Arkansas 17 – Texas A&M 0
In 1964, after winning the game 17–0 in College Station, Texas, the Razorbacks went on to an overall record of 11–0 and won the college football national championship by beating Nebraska in the Cotton Bowl Classic. The Aggies were coached (in his final season) by Hank Foldberg, and Arkansas was coached by Hall of Fame coach Frank Broyles. This game marked the beginning of a streak of three straight scoreless games in the series for the Aggies.
1975 – First ranked matchup
Arkansas 31 – Texas A&M 6
In 1975, Texas A&M was undefeated at 10-0 and ranked No. 2 in the nation coming into the regular season finale at No. 18 Arkansas. The game was played in Little Rock at War Memorial Stadium in front of a national audience, broadcast on ABC. If the Aggies won, they would clinch the Southwest Conference championship outright, and would have a chance to win a national championship in the 1976 Cotton Bowl Classic. But it wasn't to be, as the Razorbacks defeated Texas A&M 31–6, forcing a three-way tie for the SWC crown between Arkansas, Texas, and Texas A&M, sending the Razorbacks to the Cotton Bowl. Arkansas would beat Georgia in the Cotton Bowl Classic, 31–10, finishing the season 10–2 and ranked No. 7 in the AP poll. Meanwhile, the Aggies would stumble in a Liberty Bowl loss to USC, 20–0, and also finish the season with a 10–2 record and No. 11 ranking in the AP poll.
1980
Arkansas 27 – Texas A&M 24
The 1980 contest won by Arkansas 27–24 was Texas A&M's 800th game ever played by the program. Arkansas was led by head coach Lou Holtz in his fourth year with the team, and went on to an overall record of 7–5 (3–5 in conference) for the season. The Aggies were led by Tom Wilson in his next to last season with the team, and finished the year 4–7 (3–5 in conference).
1986
Arkansas 14 – Texas A&M 10
In 1986, the No. 7 Aggies were the defending Southwest Conference champions when they rolled into Little Rock to face No. 17 Arkansas in front of a sell out crowd at War Memorial Stadium. The Razorbacks would jump out to an early 7–0 lead, but Texas A&M would tie the game with a touchdown of their own, and the teams would be tied at halftime, 7–7, due to a missed A&M field goal. Arkansas would take back the lead in the 3rd quarter on a Greg Thomas touchdown run. The Razorback defense played great all game long, holding the Aggies to a field goal in the second half. On fourth down from inside the Arkansas fifteen yard line, Arkansas's defense tipped away an Aggie pass into the end zone in the closing seconds of the game, securing the victory for the Razorbacks. Both teams would finish the season 9–3 after bowl losses.
1991 – Arkansas's last game in the Southwest Conference
Texas A&M 13 – Arkansas 3
In the last Southwest Conference meeting on November 16, 1991, at Kyle Field, Texas A&M won 13–3 in a game nationally televised by ESPN. The Razorbacks came out in the wishbone formation on offense, but the Aggie defense held the Hogs to only 121 yards of total offense. After the season, the Razorbacks went on to leave the Southwest Conference, and join the Southeastern Conference, thereby ending the yearly in-conference game with the Aggies.
2009 – Renewal
Arkansas 47 – Texas A&M 19
On October 3, 2009, the two teams met for the first time since 1991. The rivalry was originally slated to take place on a yearly basis at the new Cowboys Stadium in Arlington, Texas. Arkansas came back from a 10–0 deficit in the first quarter to win 47–19.
2011 – "Welcome to the SEC"
Arkansas 42 – Texas A&M 38
The Aggies, leading 35–17 at the half, blew their 18-point lead and only scored 3 points in the second half. As Broderick Green charged into the end zone on the final score of the game, Arkansas fans appeared on the Cowboys Stadium video holding a sign saying "Welcome to the SEC" (in recognition of A&M's announcement only six days earlier that it would join Arkansas as a member of the SEC in 2012). Since the "Welcome to the SEC" game, the Aggies have won 10 of the 11 games played as conference games.
2012 – First all-SEC game
Texas A&M 58 – Arkansas 10
On September 29, 2012, the Aggies and Razorbacks met on the gridiron as conference rivals for the first time since 1991, with A&M joining Arkansas in the Southeastern Conference. The Aggies won 58–10, which is the largest margin of victory in the series. The game moved from the neutral-site Cowboys Stadium venue of the last three years to Kyle Field as part of a planned home-and-home series with Arkansas for A&M's first two SEC seasons; the 2014 matchup returned to AT&T Stadium.
2014, '15 & '17 – 3 OT games in 4 years
The 2014 contest returned to AT&T Stadium (home of the Dallas Cowboys) after a two-year "home-and-home" schedule the previous two seasons. Both the 2014 and 2015 contests went into overtime. These back-to-back years of overtime were also the first two overtimes between the two schools in the rivalry's history, after overtime was adopted by the NCAA for all games beginning with the bowl games following the 1995 regular season. The 2017 matchup also ended in overtime, with the two teams combining for a series record 93 points. Texas A&M won all three of these overtime matches.
See also
List of NCAA college football rivalry games
References
College football rivalries in the United States
Arkansas Razorbacks football
Texas A&M Aggies football
American football in the Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex |
44498409 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1945%20French%20legislative%20election%20in%20Guinea | 1945 French legislative election in Guinea | Elections to the French National Assembly were held in Guinea on 21 October 1945, with a second round of voting on 18 November. Maurice Chevrance-Bertin and Yacine Diallo were elected.
Electoral system
The two seats allocated to the constituency were elected on two separate electoral rolls; French citizens elected one MP from the first college, whilst non-citizens elected one MP in the second college.
Campaign
The elections were effectively a contest between the Fula and Mandinka. However, two Mandinka candidates stood, splitting their vote, whilst Yacine Diallo was the only Fula to stand.
Results
First College
Second College
Aftermath
Following the elections, Senegalese MP Lamine Guèye attempted to persuade all the African MPs to form an African Bloc, which would be affiliated with the SFIO. Although, the attempt failed, Diallo did sit with the SFIO.
References
Guibea
October 1945 events in Africa
Elections in Guinea
1945 in Guinea
Guinea
Election and referendum articles with incomplete results |
23574642 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body%20Meta | Body Meta | Body Meta is an album by Ornette Coleman and Prime Time.
Reception
In a review for AllMusic, Michael G. Nastos wrote that the musicians on Body Meta are "loud, boisterous, imaginative, unfettered by conventional devices, and wail beyond compare with Coleman within relatively funky, straight beats." Regarding the album, he stated: "As every track is different, Coleman's vision has a diffuse focus, but it's clear that things have changed. Even his personal sound is more pronounced, unleashed from shackles, and more difficult to pin down." Robert Christgau awarded the album an "A minus", and wrote: "Hidden in Coleman's dense electric music are angles deep enough to dive into and sharp enough to cut your throat. This isn't quite as dense or consistent as Dancing in Your Head -- 'Fou Amour' does wander. But 'Voice Poetry' is as funky as James Chance if not James Brown. And 'Home Grown' is as funky as Robert Johnson."
Writing for Fact Magazine, Frank Schindelbeck stated: "While many regard Dancing [In Your Head] to be the key Prime Time document, in my opinion it's Body Meta that first showed the full depth of Ornette's new band. The inaugural release on Coleman's own Artists House label, Body Meta touches on juke joint blues vamps, cubist refractions of James Brown's 'on the one' style, and even militaristic waltzes. It is perhaps the most loose-limbed and deceptively relaxed of any release featuring the Prime Time band, who were known for their taut intensity. The album is also hugely important in that by setting up the Artists House label, Coleman showed that an artist of his stature and reputation could operate outside of the confines of major label hierarchy, ushering in a new era of independent and underground jazz distribution."
Track listing
All tracks composed by Ornette Coleman
Side A
"Voice Poetry" – 8:00
"Home Grown" – 7:36
Side B
"Macho Woman" – 7:35
"Fou Amor" – 8:01
"European Echoes" – 7:40
Personnel
Ornette Coleman - Saxophone, Alto Saxophone
Charlie Ellerbie - Guitar
Ronald Shannon Jackson - Drums
Bern Nix - Guitar
Jamaaladeen Tacuma - Bass
Elisabeth Atnafu - Artwork
References
1978 albums
Ornette Coleman albums
Artists House albums |
44498457 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georges%20Schwob%20d%27H%C3%A9ricourt | Georges Schwob d'Héricourt | Georges Schwob d'Héricourt (21 January 1864 – 30 August 1942) was a French businessman who was involved in a wide range of enterprises in France and her colonies. He was also responsible for exhibits of the French colonies in various international expositions.
Early years
Georges Schwob d'Héricourt was born in Lure, Haute-Saône on 21 January 1864, son of Eugène Georges Schwob d'Héricourt (1830–1912) and Clarisse Anna Cahen (1836–1919).
His family was Jewish, had been living in Alsace since 1681, and had established a major textile enterprise.
His uncle Édouard Schwob (1844–1929) had added "d'Héricourt" to the family name after the town of Héricourt of which he was mayor from 1879 until his death.
Georges Schwob d'Héricourt graduated from the École des hautes études commerciales (HEC).
He married Emma Gradis, from an old Jewish family from Bordeaux who owned the Société française pour le commerce avec les colonies et l’étranger, a trading enterprise.
His wife was the younger sister of Raoul Gradis and aunt of Gaston Gradis.
Pre-war enterprises
Georges Schwob d'Héricourt started his career in small mining businesses.
Charbonnages de Nikitowka was absorbed in 1905 by Société des sels gemmes et houillères de la Russie méridionale.
Étains de Portugal was absorbed in 1907 by Société des Étains et wolfram de Portugal.
He was also involved in tramway companies and in the Société d’électricité et d’automobile Mors.
The automobile business of this company was taken over in 1907 by André Citroën, and Schwob became involved in the Citroen businesses.
By 1908 he was president of several mutual aid societies and treasurer of the Union des tramways de France. He was one of the heads of the Maison Gradis, which handled two thirds of the imports from Martinique, and sat on the board of several industrial companies.
Colonial exhibitions
From 1900 Schwob was involved in organizing colonial exhibitions.
He was made a Knight of the Legion of Honour for the 1903 exhibition in Hanoi.
He helped organize the French colonial exhibition at the 1904 St. Louis World's Fair, was in charge of the section of Commerce and Colonization at the 1905 Exposition Universelle de Liège and of the Trade and Industry section of the 1907 National Colonial Exhibition.
He was promoted to Officer of the Legion of Honour in 1908.
At this time he was a member of the supreme council of the colonies and of the administrative council of the colonial office, vice-president of the national committee of colonial exhibitions, foreign trade adviser to France. He was in charge of the French colonies section at the Franco-British Exhibition (1908), and was appointed commissioner of the French colonies section of the International Exhibition of Brussels in 1910.
Schwob was attacked by several parliamentary deputies who accused him of ignoring exhibition themes that needed special skills in favor of general themes and spectacular or decorative exhibits.
He was also accused of promoting foreign interests due to his business interests in the Société française des téléphones Berliner and the Brussels-based West African Fisheries company.
In May 1925 Schwob was responsible for the colonial pavilions at the Exposition des Arts décoratifs in Paris.
In 1928 he was named administrator of the general colonial agency, and was made president of the 1931 Vincennes Colonial Exhibition.
He was awarded the Grand Cross of the Legion of Honour in 1931 for his work for the exhibition in Vincennes.
Financier and businessman
In November 1915 Schwob was reappointed to the board of the Banque de l'Afrique Occidentale (BAO).
At the end of World War I (1914–18) he introduced Adolphe Kégresse, a specialist in caterpillar tracks, to Hinstin and Citroën.
In December 1920 he became administrator of the Cie générale des colonies.
He became president of the Société française pour le Commerce avec les Colonies et l’Etranger, the new name adopted by the Maison Gradis in 1921.
In 1922 Schwob was president of the Société industrielle marocaine, involved in activities that ranged from iron foundries to lemonade manufacture.
He was involved in various other colonial enterprises including gas in Morocco, sawmills in the Côte d’Ivoire, agriculture and sugar in Madagascar and distilleries in Indochina.
In 1923 he was director of the Est-Asiatique français company, extracting lumber in Siam and Laos for a sawmill in Saigon.
In 1924 Schwob was president of the syndicate for trade in raw rubber, and in 1925 was president of the syndicate for rice trade on the commercial exchange on Paris.
He represented the Maison Gradis on the board of the Société Agricole et Industrielle de Ben-Cui, a rubber production company.
From January 1926 he represented the BAO in the new Banque de Madagascar.
In December 1932 he succeeded Auguste-Raphaël Fontaine as president of Distilleries de l’Indochine, holding this position until the start of the Japanese occupation in World War II (1939–45).
He became vice-president of BAO in 1933.
In the autumn of 1934 he was elected director of the Banque des produits alimentaires et coloniaux.
He was president of La Réunion française in 1937, an insurance company, but in conformance with the anti-Jewish law of 1940 he resigned this position, although he remained a director until early in 1941.
Schwob died in Aix-en-Provence on 30 August 1942.
References
Sources
1864 births
1942 deaths
French businesspeople |
44498461 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/June%201946%20French%20legislative%20election%20in%20Guinea | June 1946 French legislative election in Guinea | Elections to the French National Assembly were held in Guinea on 2 June 1946.
Electoral system
The two seats allocated to the constituency were elected on two separate electoral rolls; French citizens elected one MP from the first college, whilst non-citizens elected one MP in the second college.
Results
First College
Second College
References
Guinea
1946 06
1946 in French Guinea
Guinea
1946 |
23574657 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cioc%C3%AElteni | Ciocîlteni | Ciocîlteni is a commune in Orhei District, Moldova. It is composed of three villages: Ciocîlteni, Clișova Nouă and Fedoreuca.
References
Communes of Orhei District
Orgeyevsky Uyezd |
17334700 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jalan%20Segambut | Jalan Segambut | Jalan Segambut is a major road in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. It is being expanded from a two-lane to a four-lane road leading to Segambut Dalam and Mont Kiara. The project was expected to complete in January 2013. Property prices along this road have increased because of this project.
List of junctions
Roads in Kuala Lumpur |
44498463 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mike%20Alex%20Cabin | Mike Alex Cabin | The Mike Alex Cabin is a historic log cabin in Eklutna, Alaska. Located across from Eklutna's Russian Orthodox churches in the center of the community, it was built in 1925 for Mike Alex, the last traditional clan chieftain of the Athabaskan people in Eklutna. It consists of three sides of an originally square log structure, to which a log addition was made in the 1930s, removing one of the original four walls. The building was around that time also topped by a new gable roof. It is, along with the older church, a reminder of the people's history.
The cabin was listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
See also
National Register of Historic Places listings in Anchorage, Alaska
References
Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in Alaska
Houses in Anchorage, Alaska
Log cabins in the United States
Buildings and structures on the National Register of Historic Places in Anchorage, Alaska
Log buildings and structures on the National Register of Historic Places in Alaska |
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