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6901215 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Little%20sleeper%20shark | Little sleeper shark | The little sleeper shark (Somniosus rostratus) is a small sleeper shark of the family Somniosidae found in the northeast Atlantic, western Mediterranean, and western Pacific around New Zealand, at depths between 200 and 1,000 m. Its length is up to 1.43 m.
Distribution
This species is rarely encountered. It has in the northeast Atlantic and western Mediterranean. It has also been found in Israel and Cuba.
Habitat
Although currently the species has been found in water at depths of 180-2200m, it is possible that it may range deeper. It is a bathydemersal species found above sandy mud substrate on the outer continental shelves and on the upper slopes.
Ecology
Reproduction and Growth
S. rostratus reaches a maximum size of 140 cm. Males mature at 71 cm. Females mature at 80 cm and are aplacental viviparous, giving birth to 8-17 pups per litter. Much about the reproduction of this species is still unknown.
Diet
This species feeds on cephalopods such as those of the genus Histioteuthis and Todarodes sagittatus. Although the species is often caught using fishing gears for bottom-dwelling fish, the presence of these fast-moving prey items in stomach contents suggests that this organism moves throughout the deeper areas of the water column. This may partially explain the lower than expected rates of capture in deep demersal fisheries.
Threats
S. rostratus is occasionally taken on longlines and in bottom trawls in the eastern Atlantic. It is often recorded under the category "sleeper sharks" or "sharks". It is often discarded at sea when caught on the Mediterranean coast of Spain and not landed. Post-discard survival is likely very rare, though. The fish has also been historically fished for off the coast of Portugal, however by 1996 this industry had all but ended.
This animal is also caught as bycatch of general demersal and black scabbardfish fisheries in the Azores.
These threats are compounded by the fact that, like other Squaloid sharks, the Little Sleeper shark is likely to be slow to mature, and the relatively small range of the fish.
Conservation
Although no species-specific conservation measures are in place, the General Fisheries Commission for the Mediterranean has banned bottom trawling below depths of 1000m. More information is needed on the species before detailed protection can be brought in to action.
References
IUCN Redlist
Somniosus
Fish described in 1827
Fish of the Mediterranean Sea |
20464638 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/19th%20Light%20Dragoons | 19th Light Dragoons | The 19th Light Dragoons was a cavalry regiment of the British Army created in 1781 for service in British India. The regiment served in India until 1806, and in North America during the War of 1812, and was disbanded in Britain in 1821.
History
Great Britain
On 25 April 1779 warrants were issued to raise three regiments of light dragoons, the 19th, 20th and 21st, to address potential French aggression during the American Revolutionary War. The 19th was made up of drafts from the 1st and 2nd Dragoon Guards and the 4th and 10th Dragoons. The 19th did not see overseas service and was disbanded in June 1783.
India
The regiment was raised by Colonel Sir John Burgoyne (a cousin of General John Burgoyne) as the 23rd Regiment of Light Dragoons on 24 September 1781 for service in India. There had been no European cavalry to that date in India, and successive commanders there had called upon the regular British Army to supply a cavalry unit. The regiment arrived at Fort St. George, Madras in 1782 and became the first British cavalry regiment to serve in India. In 1786, the regiment was renumbered as the 19th Regiment of Light Dragoons.
The 19th played a major role in the Anglo-Mysore Wars and Anglo-Maratha Wars. Their first campaign was against Tipu Sultan of Mysore from 1790 to 1792. After defeating Tipu, the 19th were on garrison duty until 1799 when war broke out with Tipu again. This time, the Sultan was killed during the Siege of Seringapatam in May 1799.
In 1800, the 19th fought Dhondia Wagh's rebel army and in 1803, led by Major-General Arthur Wellesley (who later became the Duke of Wellington), they participated in the Battle of Assaye in September 1803. In this battle, the outnumbered British troops defeated a Maratha army and the regiment was subsequently awarded the battle honour of "Assaye" and presented with an honorary colour.
The 19th Light Dragoons then spent time garrisoning various British outposts. They were stationed at Cheyloor in 1802, at Arcot in 1803, in Bombay in 1804, and at Arcot again from 1805 to 1806. The regiment was summoned to Vellore on the night of 10 July 1806 to rescue the 69th Regiment of Foot who had been the victims of a revolt by Indian sepoys.
North America
The regiment embarked for England on 20 October 1806, and remained in Britain until the outbreak of the war with the United States in 1812. The 19th were one of three British regular cavalry units that served in North America during the War of 1812, and the only one to serve in Canada. (The 14th Light Dragoons served on campaign in New Orleans but had no horses, The 6th Inniskilling Dragoons served on the East coast of the United States.) The regiment's first three squadrons arrived at Quebec City in May 1813 and were mounted on horses procured in Lower Canada.
Two squadrons were sent to Upper Canada where they were involved in the blockade and re-capture of Fort George, and the destruction of Black Rock and Buffalo in New York State. Elements of the two squadrons participated in Colonel Thomas Pearson's delaying action against Brigadier General Winfield Scott's brigade during the American invasion of 1814. They subsequently fought at the Battle of Chippawa in July 1814, the Battle of Lundy's Lane later in the month and the Siege of Fort Erie in August 1814. Another troop pursued American raiders who had struck at Battle of Malcolm's Mills in November 1814. For these actions, the regiment earned the battle honour of "Niagara".
The other squadron had been stationed south of Montreal at The Halfway house (Saint Luc area as well as Fort Lennox and The Block houses along the Lacolle border) and participated in the Battle of Plattsburgh in September 1814. In the autumn of 1814, the two squadrons serving on the Niagara rejoined the other squadron. The regiment served south of Montreal until the end of the war. They were sent back to England in August 1816.
Disbandment
The 19th Light Dragoons were re-equipped as lancers in September 1816 and renamed the 19th Lancers. The regiment remained in Britain until it was disbanded on 10 September 1821 due to reductions in size of the British Army. In 1862, the 19th Hussars were created and given permission to inherit the battle honours of the 19th Light Dragoons.
Regimental Colonels
Colonels of the regiment were:
23rd Regiment of (Light) Dragoons (1781)
1781–1785: Sir John Burgoyne, Bt.
19th Regiment of (Light) Dragoons (1786)
1786–1814: Gen. Sir William Howe, 5th Viscount Howe, KB
1814–1815: Gen. Sir William Payne, Bt.
19th Regiment of (Light) Dragoons (Lancers) (1816)
1815–?1821: Gen. Sir John Ormsby Vandeleur, GCB
1821: Regiment disbanded
Notes
References
External links
19th Light Dragoons in the War of 1812
Uniforms of the 19th Light Dragoons
19th Light Dragoons at FIBIS
19th Light Dragoons re-enactment group
Cavalry regiments of the British Army
Light Dragoons
Dragoons
19th Light Dragoons officers
1781 establishments in Great Britain
1821 disestablishments in the United Kingdom
Military units and formations established in 1781
Military units and formations disestablished in 1821
British military units and formations of the War of 1812 |
20464663 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Bowers%20%28bishop%29 | John Bowers (bishop) | John Phillips Allcot Bowers (15 May 1854 – 6 January 1926) was Bishop of Thetford in the Church of England in 1903–1926.
John Bowers was born in Portsea, Portsmouth, Hampshire and educated at Magdalen School and St John's College, Cambridge. His first post after ordination was as a Curate at Coggeshall. From 1882 to 1903 he was Domestic Chaplain to the Bishop of Gloucester and went on to be Diocesan Missioner and a Residentiary Canon at Gloucester Cathedral (1890–1902). In January 1902, he was appointed Archdeacon of Gloucester before his appointment as Bishop of Thetford and Archdeacon of Lynn in 1903 which refers to Kings Lynn.
A prominent Freemason, he died in Norwich.
References
1854 births
People educated at Magdalen College School, Oxford
Alumni of St John's College, Cambridge
Archdeacons of Gloucester
Bishops of Thetford
Archdeacons of Lynn
1926 deaths
20th-century Church of England bishops |
20464665 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boltyansky | Boltyansky | Boltyansky, Boltyanski or Boltyanskii (Russian: Болтянский) is a Russian masculine surname; its feminine counterpart is Boltyanskaya. It may refer to
Natella Boltyanskaya (born 1965), Russian journalist, singer-songwriter, poet and radio host
Vladimir Boltyansky (1925–2019), Russian mathematician
Russian-language surnames |
23571535 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automotive%20industry%20in%20Brazil | Automotive industry in Brazil | The Brazilian automotive industry is coordinated by the Associação Nacional dos Fabricantes de Veículos Automotores (Anfavea), created in 1956, which includes automakers (cars, light vehicles, trucks, buses and agriculture machines) with factories in Brazil. Anfavea is part of the Organisation Internationale des Constructeurs d'Automobiles (OICA), based in Paris. In 2021, the annual production exceeded 2.2 million vehicles, the 8th largest in the world.
Most large global automotive companies are present in Brazil, such as: BMW, BYD, Chery, Ford, Geely, General Motors, Honda, Hyundai, JAC Motors, Kia, Land Rover, Lexus, Lifan, Mercedes-Benz, Mitsubishi, Nissan Motors, Renault, Stellantis, Subaru, Toyota, Volkswagen, Volvo Trucks, among others, and also the consecrated national companies such as Agrale, Marcopolo, Randon, Troller, and more. In the past there were national brands such as DKW Vemag, FNM and Gurgel. Some traditionally produced modern equipped replicas of older models.
Some companies such as Rolls-Royce and Porsche, rely on local distributors to import their vehicles, but brands with local factories, such as Honda and Chevrolet may also import some of their models.
History
The first Brazilian automotive industry was the work of Henry Ford, who started the Brazilian subsidiary of Ford Motor Company in 1919. In 1921 Ford opened its own production facility and was followed by General Motors in 1926. In 1928, Ford established the Fordlândia, an industrial district in the Amazon rainforest. The district is no longer in use but saw a populational growth compared to the early 2000s, when roughly 90 people lived in the town.
In 1956, the Romi-Isetta, an early Brazilian car, was initially produced, with license purchase of Italian Iso. In 1958, Toyota started to produce its famous Bandeirante. In 1959, the first Volkswagen factory was built, it started manufacturing the Type 2, which preceded the famous Beetle. At the same time, a Brazilian entrepreneur, Mr. Sebastiao William Cardoso, started producing an electrical small jeep called Tupi.
In the late 1950s, Chevrolet and Ford started manufacturing pickup trucks, and in the 1960s, automobiles and commercial vehicles, GM also brought buses. In 1967, Puma began selling sports cars. The Italian Fiat established its first factory in the 1970s, and Mercedes Benz started to produce trucks and buses during the 1950s, and opened an automobile factory in 1998. These companies dominated the Brazilian market until mid-1990s, when the Brazilian market was finally opened to imports. In the 1990s, more auto companies settled and opened factories in Brazil.
The automotive industry in Brazil sells all over Latin America and world. In the last few years, the Brazilian auto industry has grown quickly, attracting investments from the main global automakers. In 2007, production grew 14% compared to 2006 figures, reaching more than 4 million vehicles.
In October 2012, the Inovar-Auto Program was approved by decree with the theoretical goals of encouraging automakers to produce more fuel-efficient vehicles and investing in the national automotive industry, by managing taxation exceptions (IPI = Tax over Industrialized Product). However, the program has received criticism, especially of protectionism. The country has recently lost a WTO dispute against tax advantages and illegal practices of protectionism. The Inovar-Auto program ended in December 2017 and was replaced by the Route 2030 Program.
Timeline
1890s
1900s
1910s
1920s
1930s
1930: Ford was followed by concurrent General Motors with the assembly of the first Chevrolet cars in São Caetano do Sul, São Paulo, there until today, at Avenida Goiás.
1940s
1950s
1960s
1970s
1980s
1990s
2000s
2010s
2020s
Historical production by year
Historical sales
Motor Vehicle Manufacturers
Current
Large Passenger Vehicles Manufacturers and Importer
BMW Group
BMW do Brasil
Mini do Brasil
Bugre
BYD Brasil
China South Industries Group
Moto Traxx da Amazônia
Effa Motors
Fabral
Mahindra
SsangYong Brasil
Ford do Brasil
Fundação Romi
Indústrias Romi
General Motors do Brasil
Chevrolet do Brasil
Great Wall Motors
Grupo CAOA
CAOA (Former Ford dealer, Subaru and Renault importer, and currently manufacturing and importing Chery, Ford and Hyundai vehicles)
CAOA Chery
Exeed
CAOA Subaru
Hyundai CAOA do Brasil
Grupo CNH Industrial
New Holland Agriculture
New Holland Construction
Grupo Gandini
Kia Motors do Brasil
Grupo Volkswagen
Volkswagen do Brasil
Audi do Brasil (Former Audi Senna, an Audi AG subsidiary until 2005)
Honda
Honda Automóveis do Brasil
HondaJet (Focused on aircraft engine)
HPE Automotores do Brasil (Mitsubishi manufacturer)
Hyundai Motor Brasil
Iveco Group
Iveco (The company was spun-off from CNH Industrial on 1 January 2022; in Brazil the separation occurred in 2019 when Iveco Group was formed)
Iveco Bus
FPT Industrial
JAC Motors Brasil
Jaguar e Land Rover Brasil
Jaguar
Land Rover
Lifan do Brasil
Mitsubishi Motors Brasil
Nissan do Brasil Automóveis
Renault do Brasil
Stellantis – FCA
Fiat Automóveis Brasil
Jeep do Brasil
RAM
Stellantis – PSA
Peugeot
Citroën
Suzuki Brasil
Toyota do Brasil
Lexus do Brasil
UK Motors – Grupo Eurobike – Stuttgart Sportcar
Aston Martin
McLaren
Porsche
Valtra
Via Itália
Ferrari
Lamborghini
Maserati
Rolls-Royce
Volvo do Brasil
Volvo Car of Brazil Automotive
Motorcycle and Bicycle manufacturers (Medium and Large Production)
Amazonas Motos Especiais (AME)
Avelloz Motos
Brasil & Movimento
BMW do Brasil
BMW Motorrad Brasil
Bombardier Recreational Products (BRP)
Bull Motors
CFMoto-KTM
CFMoto Brasil
KTM Brasil
Dafra Motos
Dayang
Ducati do Brasil
HaoJue Motos do Brasil
Harley-Davidson do Brasil
Honda do Brasil
Moto Honda da Amazônia
Hot Custom Cycles
HPE Automotores do Brasil (Suzuki representative)
Iros Motos
J Toledo Motos do Brasil
Suzuki Motos do Brasil
Kawasaki do Brasil
Kymco Motos do Brasil
Motocargo Industria e Comercio de Triciclo (Mtcar)
Royal Enfield Brasil
Shineray do Brasil
Sousa Motos
Triumph Brazil
Vespa Brasil
Voltz Motors do Brasil
Yamaha Motor do Brasil
Bus, coach and truck manufacturers
Agrale
Avibrás
Caio Indústria e Comércio de Carrocerias (Caio Induscar)
Carbuss Indústria Catarinense de Carrocerias (Formerly Busscar Ônibus)
Comil Ônibus
DAF Caminhões Brasil
Foton Caminhões
Fábrica Nacional de Mobilidade (FNM) (Focused in electric semi trucks; not to be confused with Fábrica Nacional de Motores (FNM))
Marcopolo S.A.
Neobus
Mercedes-Benz do Brasil
Mascarello Carrocerias e Ônibus
Volvo do Brasil
Volvo Caminhões Brasil
Volvo Ônibus Brasil
Volkswagen do Brasil
Traton SE (Formerly MAN SE)
Volkswagen Caminhões e Ônibus (Some models are rebadged Man trucks)
Scania Brasil
Tractors manufacturers
AGCO
Caterpillar Brasil
Fundação Romi
Máquinas Agrícolas Romi (Agricultural machinery division)
Grupo CNH Industrial
CASE Construction
John Deere Brasil
Komatsu
Massey Ferguson
Valtra
Here's a link to a map containing all plants currently in Brazil:
Independent Manufacturers
Small, Medium and Large Independent Manufacturers
AC3 – Antique Classic & Custom Cars
Americar Veículos Especiais
ART Costalonga
Athena Auto (Partnership between Fibracar Compósitos and Scherer Automotiva)
Athos Cars (Formerly Chamonix Athos)
Autocross
Autosfibra Réplicas (closed due to trademark Infringement in 2019)
AutoMagrão
Autoweld Equipamentos Elétricos e Eletrônicos
Engeplus
Bugrauto Auto Serviços (Recently repairing jet-ski, after buggies and prototypes)
By Colella Veículos Especiais
By Cristo Indústria e Comércio
Caio STR Customs
Calegari Design
Carrah Montadora de Veículos
Cauype
Comércio e Indústria de Veículos Fibravan
Coperglass
Cross Race
D2D Motors (Owned by Arteb)
Dream Maker
Edra Veículos Especiais (Formerly Edra Automotores; utility production rights acquired by Nissin Veículos Especiais)
Edra Aeronáutica (Aircraft pilot training, manufacture of seaplane, sale and maintenance of imported aircraft)
Eion
Fábrica de Jericos San Remo
Farina (Buggy manufacturer and reseller)
Fibracar (Assumed Penatti line-up in 2013)
Fábrica Nacional de Veículos (FNV) (Not the extinct railcar manufacturer, Fábrica Nacional de Vagões)
Free Style Veículos Especiais
Fyber
Gaia Electric Motors (Small electric vehicle startup)
GRF – Route 66 Réplicas Artesanais
Horwin Brasil
K2 Concept Indústria, Comércio e Serviços Automotivos
Kers Tecnologia em Mobilidade Sustentável (Microenterprise supported by Unioeste University and the government of the State of Parana)
Kitcar Veículos Especiais (Formerly MufaCar Veículos Especiais)
Limousine Service Brazil (LSB)
MC Competições (Prototype manufacturer and resistance tests for foreign models, such as Audi and Volvo)
MutoProtec (Formerly Mecplan Metalúrgica)
Metal Nobre
Mil Milhas Motorsport
Miura (Currently owned by Rangel & Lima Indústria de Veículos; Formerly owned by Besson, Gobbi & Cia.)
Mobilis (Startup focused in urban mobility solution; produced a small electric vehicle in 2017)
Montauto – Montadora Nacional de Automóveis / BRM – Buggy Rodas e Motores (Biggest dune buggy manufacturer in Brazil)
Nenê Hot Rod Assembly (NHRA)
Newtrack Indústria e Comércio de Veículos (Formerly Camelo Metalmecânica)
Personal Parts
Puma Automóveis
Selvagem Indústria e Comércio
Sulam Equipamentos Esportivos
Super Buggy
TAC (Formerly Tecnologia Automotiva Catarinense (TAC); utility car project sold to the Chinese Zotye)
Tarso Marques Concept (TMC) (Founded by former Formula 1 pilot; specialized in custom jobs)
VLEGA Gaucho
Former Independent, Prototype and Custom Vehicle Manufacturer
ABC Cobra Veículos Especiais
AD Aeternum
AMX
Abais Buggy Indústria e Comércio
Acha Indústria e Comércio de Carrocerias Esportivas
Acquatec Indústria e Comércio
Adamo
Adax
Agni
Agrale (Motorcycle division)
Akamine
Alcar
Aldee
Alfa Romeo
Almenara
Amoritz
Andorinha
André – Protótipos & Motor Home
Angra Indústria e Comércio de Carrocerias
Artesanal
Aruanda
As Réplicas
Aurora Projetos Automobilísticos
Auto Drews
Auto Mecânica Atenas
AutoLatina
Autofibra
Automotiva Usiminas (Formerly Brasinca; manufactured car body, dump container and crew-cabs for companies such as Ford, Mercedes-Benz, Toyota, Simca, Scania, Massey Ferguson, Volkswagen, Volvo, Chevrolet and FNM, between 1950s and mid-1990s)
Automóveis e Motores Centaurus
Autonova Indústria e Comércio de Veículos Especiais
Avallone
Avel – Apolinário Veículos
BB Equipamentos Autoesportivos
BM Foster
Baja Bug Brasil Veículos
Bandama
Baptista & Irmãos
Garage Baptista
Beach
Beach Buggies e Lanchas (Formerly Baby Indústria de Carrocerias)
Beep Indústria e Comércio de Peças
Beira Rio
Benelli
Bernardini
Besouro Veículos (Volkswagen dealer)
Bettina
Bianco
Bianco & Costa
Bobby Indústria e Comércio de Carrocerias
Boddy
Bonneville Custom Garage
Brandini
BrasFibra
Brasil Diamond
Bravo
Brax Automóveis (Formerly Lobini Automóveis)
Brazilian Boat (Small vessel yard, built Porsche Spyder replica for a short period)
Brazilian Hot Rod (Focused in importing and selling muscle cars, and components, restoring Ford Mustang and producing Shelby Cobra replicas)
Braúna Veículos Especiais
Brilho Comercial de Veículos
Britz
Bu-Kar
Bug Rio Comércio e Reparações de Veículos
Buggymania Veículos
CBP Indústria, Comércio e Exportação (Closed due to Trademark infringement; bought Coyote Indústria e Comércio, a former autocross vehicle manufacturer, in the late 80s)
CP-TS (Acronym for: Carro do Povo; based on the Passat TS)
CR Line (closed due to trademark Infringement in 2016)
CTA
Caetano
Caribe
Carioca Réplicas
Carpo
Carrera
Carrocerias Furglass Indústria e Comércio
Carrocerias Monarca
Carroçaria Sport
Carwag Indústria, Comércio e Exportação
Casella & De Lorenzo
Casini
Cerrado
Charmant
Chausson Associados Indústria e Comércio (Focused in manufacturing custom vehicles) (Operation ceased in 2007)
Chausson Intercambiadores Térmicos (Focused on automotive radiators and industrial heat exchangers)
Cheetah
Chemuniz
Cheval Comércio e Indústria de Veículos
Chrysler (Ceased sales; representation, concessionaires and repair shop still operational)
Chrysler
Dodge
Chuves Indústria e Comércio de Artefatos Plásticos e Metálicos
Cigano
Cintra Customs
Classic Hot Rods
Classic Motors Carriages do Brasil
Coach
Coala
Cobrasma (Former truck chassis maker)
Codec Projetos Industriais de Móveis
Comercial, Industrial, Representações, Exportações e Importações (CIREI) (Dodge and Renault manufacturer)
Companhia Brasileira de Tratores (CBT) (Declared bankruptcy)
Companhia Distribuidora Geral Brasmotor (Former manufacturer for Chrysler, Plymouth, Fargo and Volkswagen; currently owned by Whirlpool, produces since only refrigerators)
Companhia Industrial Santa Matilde
Companhia Santo Amaro de Automóveis
Engenharia e Comércio de Automóveis (Engenauto)
Companhia de Expansão Auto-Industrial Veritas
Companhia de Intercâmbio Pan-Americano (CIPAN) (Chrysler, Plymouth and Fargo representative)
Compton Stütgart
Conceptor
Concorde Indústria de Automóveis Especiais
Condor Cabriolet
Corona S/A Viaturas e Equipamentos
Corsa Cross
Coruja
Crisna Indústria e Comércio de Carrocerias
Cronos Tecnologia e Desenvolvimento de Veículos
Cross Way
Curitiba Spyder
Dacril Personalização de Veículos
Dagh Indústria e Comércio de Veículos
Dankar Indústria e Comércio de Veículos
Danny
Darié
Decorauto
Demoiselle Indústria e Comércio de Carrocerias
Desenvolvimento de Tecnologia (Detenc)
Detroit Comércio e Indústria
Diamond
Diaseta
Dipave
Distribuidora de Automóveis, Caminhões e Ônibus Nacionais (Dacon) (Volkswagen and Porsche representative)
Projets d'AvantGarde (PAG DACON)
Dock Dock
Duna
D’Norbert
EBtech Projetos Automotivos Especiais
EcoMini
EcoMóvel
Edgard Pessoa
Ego Veículos
El Paco
Eldorado (Fiat Dealer)
Elva
Elza
Emis Indústria e Comércio de Veículos
Emisul Montadora e Comercial de Veículos (Took Emis operations after operations were ceased)
Engefibra
Engenharia de Veículos e Motores (Envemo)
Engenheiros Especializados (Engesa)
Eniequi
Enseda Veículos Especiais
Escuderia Bad Bug
Falcão Indústria e Comércio de Plásticos
Farus Indústria de Veículos Esportivos
Fer Car Indústria e Comércio de Veículos
Fiberbras Indústria e Comércio
Fibertécnica Novaimagem
Fibra Dunnas, Indústria e Comércio
Fibra Real Indústria e Comércio
Fibranorte
Fibrario Comércio e Indústria (Formerly Penatti)
Fibrax
Fibron Industrial
Fontana
Fontanari
Ford Motors Company Brasil
Ford do Brasil (Ceased production in 2021; focused in importing premium models)
Troller
Fox Veículos Especiais
Free Lance
Fury
Fuscolete Montagens Especiais de Veiculos
Fuscross
Fábrica Internacional de Carrosseries
Fábrica Nacional de Motores (Reestablished as Fábrica Nacional de Mobilidade, focused in Electric trucks)
Fábrica de Carrosserias Major
Fábrica de Veículos Caiçara
Fúria Auto Esporte
Galgo Indústria de Carrocerias (Formerly Besson, Gobbi S.A.)
Galli
Garage 500 Milhas
Garage AS
Garage Moreira
Garage e Officinas Fiat
Garden Sound
Gason
Gerbauto (Formerly Pimenta Indústria e Comércio de Veículo em Fiberglass)
German Racing Scap
Geta Design Indústria e Comércio Fibras e Metais
Giant's
Grancar Design, Veículos Especiais
Greta Indústria e Comércio de Veículos (Formerly GAMO)
Grillo (Former agricultural truck manufacturer)
Grupo Busscar (Declared bankruptcy)
Busscar Ônibus (Reopened as Carbuss Indústria Catarinense de Carrocerias)
Grupo Souza Ramos
Ford Souza Ramos (Defunded after Ford do Brasil ceased production)
SR Veículos Especiais
MMC Automotores do Brasil (Mitsubishi representative and manufacturer)
Guaporé
Guepardo Veículos
Guiauto Miami Buggy
Gurgel Indústria e Comércio de Veículos (Formerly Moplast Moldagem de Plástico)
HB
Harpia
Hawaii
HiBoy
Hit
Hofstetter Indústria e Comércio de Veículos
Hot Sprint
Hunter
Icomda Comércio e Desenvolvimento Automobilístico
Iguana (Small jeep produced by Vicauto, a former Fiat dealer)
Industrial Veículos Vendetta Equus
Indústria Brasileira de Automóveis Presidente (IBAP)
Indústria Brasileira de Veículos (IBV)
Indústria de Artefatos Metálicos Bola
Indústria de Carrocerias Bugre
Indústria de Plástico Reforçado Glaspac
Indústria e Comércio de Plásticos Reforçados Mirage
Ita Motores e Montadora de Veículos (Formerly Park Motors Projetos Automotivos)
Ivel Veículos (Currently operating as a Honda concessionaire)
JPX Indústria e Comércio (Founded by Eike Batista)
Jarama
Joaquim Garcia & Cia
Joagar
Jobby Indústria e Comércio de Carrocerias
John Davies
Jonathas Pereira
Jopecar
Jor Racing
K&B Fiberglass
Kadron Engenharia, Indústria e Comércio
Kaltec
Karibu
Karmann-Ghia do Brasil (Subsidiary of Wilhelm Karmann)
Kasinski (Currently under Magneti Marelli brand, a Fiat subsidiary)
Cofap – Companhia Fabricadora de Peças
Cofave – Sociedade Amazonense Fabricadora de Veículos
Kiko Buggy do Brasil
Koizyztraña
Kowalski
Kremer
Küsters
LCA
LHM Indústria Mecânica (Formerly Nurburgring Indústria e Comércio)
Lafer (Ceased auto vehicle industry; still producing furniture)
Laser
Leandrini
Lepper
Limousine Brasil
Limousines do Brasil
Litoral / Radical
Little Croc (Amphibious buggy)
Lobby Indústria e Comércio (Formerly Matis Indústria e Comércio)
Lomer Indústria e Comércio de Autos Esportivos
Luar
L’Auto Craft Montadora de Veículos (Formerly L’Automobile Distribuidora de Veículos)
L’Ufficio Designers
MG Design Indústria e Comércio
MGA Indústria e Comércio de Automóveis e Artefatos de Fibra
MGK
MHS
MR (Bugatti T-35 replica)
MX
Mac Laren
Mac Laren Açofibras
Mach 1
Mack Garage Veículos Especiais
Madom
Mahindra & Mahindra (Ceased passenger vehicles production in 2015, still produce tractors)
Malavase
Mali Buggy
Mamba
Mari Auto
Marina's Montadora
Marques Indústria e Comércio de Veículos
Material Ferroviário (Mostly known as Mafersa)
Maup
Max Golden Car Blindagens e Desenvolvimento
Megastar Veículos
Menon Veículos
Mercedes-Benz (Ceased passenger vehicles production in 2020, still produce truck and bus)
Mirafiori (Custom made Fiat City pickup truck and Fiat's concessionaire)
Mirage
Mirus
Moldex Indústria e Comércio
Mont Serrat Exclusive Auto Service
Montadora de Veículos Especiais Comércio Indústria e Exportação
Motor Tech
Moura
Multifibra Indústria e Comércio Plástico Reforçado
Mundeo (Propeller-driven car built "to simulate the feel of an inverted flight"; traffic restriction on public roads)
Mythos (Ferrari F40 replica)
Máxsus – Veículos e Peças
Nasser Brasil Motores Indústria e Comércio de Veículos (NBM)
NBM Indústria, Comércio de Veículos
Natalbuggy Indústria, Comércio e Serviços
Nigo
Nirico
Nobre Fibra Car
Obvio! Automotoveículos
Vrooom! Veículos Elétricos (Currently active and focused on electric vehicles)
Off-Road Montadora de Veículos
Officinas e Garage Lancia
Oficina Mecânica Aragão
Ommega Indústria e Comércio de Veículos
Orion
Orto Design Indústria e Comércio de Veículos
Pacífico
Pami Fibras
Panda Comércio de Fibra de Vidro
Pantera Design Indústria e Comércio
Panza
Park Motors Projetos Automotivos
Peixoto Veículos (Currently owned by Axxola)
Pereira Barreto (Sold limousines based on Chevrolet vehicles in partnership with Sulam; Former Chevrolet dealer)
Pflaumer (Custom limousine in a Volkswagen Beetle body)
Phybe Indústria e Comércio de Fiberglass
Pietro Gemesio Comércio e Indústria
Pingo
Pioneira da Indústria Nacional de Automóveis Reunida (Pinar)
Plascar – (Formerly Oscar S.A. Indústria de Artefatos de Borracha)
Polaris
Indian Motorcycle
Portyglass Indústria e Comércio
Produtora de Automóveis Nacionais Pan Rad Motores
Protótipos Lorena Carrocerias (Formerly Lorena Importação, Indústria e Comércio)
Py Motors Comércio e Indústria
SEED (Acronym for: Small Electric with Economic Design) (Formerly MMR Motorsport)
SPJ Indústria e Comércio
Santina Veículos
Simca do Brasil (Replaced by Chrysler do Brasil in 1967)
Sociedade Técnica de Veículos (STV)
Spiller Mattei Indústria e Comércio de Fiberglass
Sundown
Tambatajá Indústria de Carrocerias
Tecnoglass
Vemag-DKW (Vemag was acquired by Volkswagen do Brasil in 1967)
Viação Cometa (Currently owned by Auto Viação 1001)
Companhia Manufatureira Auxiliar (CMA)
Viação Itapemirim
Tecnobus – Serviços, Comércio e Indústria (Formerly Tecnobus Implementos Rodoviários)
WP Indústria e Comércio de Plástico Reforçado
Werma Automóveis
Willys-Overland do Brasil
Wladimir Martins Veículos (WMV) (Sold to Polystilo Indústria e Comércio in 1983 and for Py Motors in 1986)
Educational Institutions and Maker
Escola de Engenharia de São Carlos (EESC)-USP)
Faculdade de Engenharia Industrial (FEI)
Instituto Mauá de Tecnologia
Nishimura (FEI engineer and teacher; made a prototype)
Local manufacture encouraged
In 2022, Brazil has a 18% tariff on imported cars.
Passenger Vehicle Currently Offered and Manufactured in Large Scale
Agrale: Marruá
Audi: Q3, Q3 Sportback; Imported: A3, A4, A5, A6, A8, Q5, Q7, Q8, RS, e-tron and e-tron GT
BMW: 3 Series, X1, X3, X4; Imported: 1 Series, 2 Series, 4 Series, 5 Series, 7 Series, X2, X5, X6, X7, Z4, iX and i3 (until July 2022)
Chery: Tiggo 5x Pro, Tiggo 7 Pro, Tiggo 8 Pro; Imported: Arrizo 6 Pro
Chevrolet: Onix, Onix Plus, S10, Spin, Tracker, Trailblazer; Imported: Cruze and Equinox; Exported: Joy, Joy Plus
Citroën: C3, C4 Cactus; Imported: Jumpy, Jumper, e-Jumper
Fiat: Argo, Mobi, Pulse, Strada, Toro, Fiorino
Honda: City (Sedan and Hatchback), HR-V; Imported (): Accord; Exported: WR-V
Hyundai: Creta, HB20, HB20S, Tucson
Jeep: Commander, Compass, Renegade
Land Rover: Land Rover Discovery, Range Rover Evoque; Imported: Defender, Velar
MINI: Clubman, Countryman; Imported: Cabrio
Mitsubishi: L200 Triton, Eclipse Cross; Imported: Pajero
Nissan: Kicks; Imported: Frontier, Leaf, Versa
Peugeot: 2008, Partner Rapid; Imported: 208, e-208, 3008, Expert, e-Expert, Boxer
Renault: Captur, Duster, Oroch, Logan, Kwid, Sandero, Master; Imported: Kwid E-Tech, Zoe, Kangoo
Toyota: Corolla, Corolla Cross, Yaris (Sedan and Hatchback); Imported: Hilux, SW4, RAV4; Export: Etios
Volkswagen: Gol, Nivus, Polo, Saveiro, T-Cross, Virtus, Voyage; Imported: Amarok, Jetta, Taos
See also
Brazilian Highway System
Ethanol fuel in Brazil
FENABRAVE
Infrastructure of Brazil
List of automobiles manufactured in Brazil
List of exports of Brazil
Transport in Brazil
References
External links
Anfavea Statistical Yearbook of 1997
Articles needing cleanup from February 2022
Cleanup tagged articles with a reason field from February 2022
Wikipedia pages needing cleanup from February 2022
Automotive industry in Brazil
Industry in Brazil |
23571537 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mudigonda%20%28disambiguation%29 | Mudigonda (disambiguation) | Mudigonda is a town and revenue-divisional headquarters in Khammam District of Andhra Pradesh, India.
Mudigonda is one of the Indian surnames.
Mudigonda Gayathri is a Swedish actress.
Mudigonda Lingamurthy, famous comedy actor of Telugu cinema.
Mudigonda Veerabhadra Murthy, Modern Telugu poet. |
23571544 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computers%20in%20Biology%20and%20Medicine | Computers in Biology and Medicine | Computers in Biology and Medicine is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal established in 1970. It covers the intersection of biomedical engineering, computational biology, bioinformatics, and computer science. Articles are published both in print and online. The journal accepts original research articles, reviews, tutorials, editorials and letters. The Impact Factor is 6.698 (2022). The journal is ranked in the top quartile (Q1) in most categories.
References
External links
Publications established in 1970
Elsevier academic journals
Bioinformatics and computational biology journals
Monthly journals
English-language journals |
17327776 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mats%20Zuccarello | Mats Zuccarello | Mats André Zuccarello Aasen (born 1 September 1987) is a Norwegian professional ice hockey winger for the Minnesota Wild of the National Hockey League (NHL). He has also played for the New York Rangers and Dallas Stars. Prior to joining the NHL, Zuccarello previously played for Modo Hockey in the Swedish Elite League. In 2010, he won the Guldhjälmen (Golden Helmet), awarded annually to the most valuable player in the Swedish Hockey League. He is regarded as one of the best Norwegian players to play in the NHL.
Early life
Zuccarello grew up in the suburbs of Løren in Oslo and began playing hockey at age five. After several years at Hasle-Løren, he began playing for Vålerenga, where he stayed until the end of lower secondary school. By that time, he had been scouted by Frisk Asker, which offered him a scholarship at the Norwegian College of Elite Sport, which he accepted.
Zuccarello is of Italian descent from his mother's side. He has a younger brother, Fabian, who plays in the Norwegian First Division, and a step brother, Robin Dahlstrøm, who played in both Sweden and Norway before retiring in 2021.
Playing career
Norway and Sweden
Zuccarello began playing full-time for Frisk in the GET-ligaen, Norway's premiere league, as an 18-year-old. He scored 8 points over 21 games as a rookie in 2005–06. The following season, he improved to 59 points over 43 games, third in league scoring behind Jonas Solberg Andersen and Mathis Olimb. In 2007–08, Zuccarello helped Frisk to the best regular season record in the league. Zuccarello finished third in league scoring a second consecutive season with 64 points, as he and Frisk teammates Chris Abbott, Cam Abbott and Marcus Eriksson ranked as the top four GET-ligaen scorers. Zuccarello added 27 points in 15 playoff games as Frisk advanced to the Finals, where they were defeated in six games by the Storhamar Dragons.
After three seasons in the GET-ligaen, Zuccarello signed with Modo Hockey of the Elitserien, Sweden's premier league. In his first season with Modo, he ranked third in team scoring with 40 points in 35 games. The following season, he led the team with 23 goals. With a league-leading 64 points, he was awarded the Guldhjälmen as the league's most valuable player, as voted by Elitserien players.
New York Rangers
In the summer of 2010, Zuccarello was signed as a free agent by the New York Rangers of the National Hockey League (NHL) to a two-year, entry-level contract. He began the 2010–11 season with the Hartford Wolf Pack/Connecticut Whale, the Rangers' American Hockey League (AHL) affiliate, to adapt to the North American style of hockey and rink dimensions. On 22 December 2010, he was called up to the Rangers following an injury to right winger Marián Gáborík. He made his NHL debut on 23 December 2010 against the Tampa Bay Lightning, becoming the seventh Norwegian player to play in the NHL as well as the second undrafted one. Zuccarello logged 17 minutes and 52 seconds of ice time and registered two shots on goal in his NHL debut. As the game remained tied after overtime, Zuccarello scored in the shootout against Lightning goaltender Dan Ellis. However, the Rangers lost the game 4–3. Though he was reassigned to the Whale immediately after the game, the Rangers recalled him for their next game, on 27 December against the New York Islanders. He earned his first NHL assist during the contest, tying defenceman Anders Myrvold for the Norwegian player with the fewest games played before recording an NHL point. The Rangers won the game 7–2. Nine days later, in his sixth game, Zuccarello scored his first NHL goal against goaltender Cam Ward three minutes into overtime, leading the Rangers to a 2–1 victory over the Carolina Hurricanes. On 1 April 2011 he was reassigned to Connecticut after playing 41 games for the Rangers.
On 13 April 2011, Zuccarello became only the second Norwegian to take part in NHL post-season action when the Rangers lost 2–1 against the Washington Capitals.
Metallurg Magnitogorsk
On 1 June 2012, Zuccarello confirmed he had signed a two-year contract with Metallurg Magnitogorsk of the Kontinental Hockey League (KHL). However, he returned to the NHL and the Rangers after the 2012–13 NHL lockout.
Return to New York
On 28 March 2013, Zuccarello agreed to terms on a one-year contract with the New York Rangers. Zuccarello played in the last 15 games of the 2012–13 campaign, helping the Rangers reach the postseason. He played in all 12 Ranger playoff games, tallying his first playoff goal in Game 7 of the Eastern Conference Quarterfinals against the Washington Capitals.
Zuccarello re-signed with the Rangers at the end of the 2012–13 season for another one-year contract, worth $1.15 million. The 2013–14 season turned out to be a breakout season for Zuccarello. He tallied career highs in goals, assists and team-highs in points, as his contributions helped the Rangers reach the 2014 Stanley Cup Finals, where they faced-off against the Los Angeles Kings. Although New York lost the series 4–1, Zuccarello made history by becoming the first Norwegian to ever participate in the Stanley Cup Finals. His all-around game also took a step forward throughout the season, as he established himself as a hard worker with the ability to get under the skin of his opponents. His work was recognized by being awarded the 2013–14 Steven McDonald Extra Effort Award.
On 22 July 2014, Zuccarello agreed to a one-year, $3.5 million contract with the Rangers.
During the 2014–15 season, Zuccarello agreed to a four-year, $18 million contract worth $4.5 million annually that extends through to the 2018–19 season. He finished fifth on the team in scoring, playing a large role with linemate Rick Nash, having the second-most goals in the NHL, as the Rangers won the Presidents' Trophy with the League's best regular season record. Early into the 2015 Stanley Cup playoffs, Zuccarello was hit in the head by a shot by his own teammate, Rangers captain Ryan McDonagh. It was determined Zuccarello suffered a serious brain contusion and concussion and would most likely miss the rest of the playoffs. But rumors escalated as the Rangers continued their run that he may be available if the Rangers made it to the Stanley Cup Finals. However, they lost to the Tampa Bay Lightning in seven games in the 2015 Eastern Conference Finals, ending their season.
At the beginning of the 2015–16 season, Zuccarello got off to a fast start in his return, quickly becoming the team leader in scoring. On 30 October, Zuccarello recorded a hat-trick (the first of his NHL career) against the Toronto Maple Leafs, and on 15 November, he scored the game-winning goal in another game against the Maple Leafs, with less than one minute remaining in regulation. In his comeback season, Zuccarello scored a career-high 26 goals, with 35 assists. His performance, coupled with his tremendous effort, especially returning to the ice after the aforementioned injury the previous postseason, culminated in Zuccarello winning the Steven McDonald Extra Effort Award again and being selected as a finalist for the Bill Masterton Trophy for the 2015–16 season.
To start the 2017–18 season, Zuccarello was named an alternate captain of the Rangers on 4 October 2017. On 12 March 2018, Zuccarello recorded his 100th career NHL goal, in a game against the Carolina Hurricanes, which the Rangers won 6–3. On 23 October 2018, Zuccarello became the ninth player in Rangers history to lead the team in points for three consecutive seasons, joining Jaromír Jágr, Wayne Gretzky, Phil Esposito, Andy Bathgate, Bryan Hextall Sr., Cecil Dillon, Bill Cook and Frank Boucher.
Dallas Stars
With the Rangers in a rebuild, Zuccarello was traded to the Dallas Stars on 23 February 2019, in exchange for a 2019 conditional second-round pick and a 2020 conditional third-round pick. He debuted with the Stars the same day against the Chicago Blackhawks. He scored his first goal with the team during the second period but later suffered an upper-body injury forcing him to miss the third period of play. Afterwards, the Stars announced he was expected to miss at least four weeks to recover. Zuccarello returned for the playoffs but the Stars were eliminated by the St. Louis Blues in double overtime of game seven in the second round.
Minnesota Wild
Having left the Stars as a free agent, Zuccarello signed a five-year, $30 million contract with the Minnesota Wild on 1 July 2019.
On 17 April 2022, during a game against the St. Louis Blues, Zuccarello had broken the Wild team record for most assists in a season when he recorded his 51st and 52nd assists, surpassing teammate Kirill Kaprizov and Pierre-Marc Bouchard (2007–08 season), who held the record at 50. He also recorded his 500th career point, making him the 62nd active NHL player to reach that mark since he entered the league in 2010.
International play
Zuccarello has represented Norway at the 2008 IIHF World Championship in Canada, the 2009 IIHF World Championship, the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver and the 2010 IIHF World Championship in Germany. He was forced to withdraw from the 2011 IIHF World Championship in Slovakia, however, due to a hand fracture. Zuccarello later represented Norway at the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi.
Zuccarello represented Team Europe in the 2016 World Cup of Hockey.
Career statistics
Regular season and playoffs
International
Awards and honours
References
External links
Norwegian NHL records
1987 births
Living people
Connecticut Whale (AHL) players
Dallas Stars players
Frisk Asker Ishockey players
Hartford Wolf Pack players
Hasle-Løren IL players
Ice hockey players at the 2010 Winter Olympics
Ice hockey players at the 2014 Winter Olympics
Metallurg Magnitogorsk players
Minnesota Wild players
Modo Hockey players
New York Rangers players
Norwegian expatriate ice hockey people
Norwegian expatriate sportspeople in Sweden
Norwegian expatriate sportspeople in the United States
Expatriate ice hockey players in Russia
Norwegian ice hockey right wingers
Norwegian people of Sicilian descent
Olympic ice hockey players of Norway
Ice hockey people from Oslo
Undrafted National Hockey League players |
23571547 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armed%20Forces%20Christian%20Union | Armed Forces Christian Union | The Armed Forces' Christian Union (AFCU) —formerly Officers' Christian Union— is a British military charity (Registered Charity Number 249636) whose beneficiaries are members of the Armed Forces. It is a Christian organization with origins in the mid-19th century Army Prayer Union. As of 2014 the president is Commodore Jamie Hay RN. AFCU is a member of the Association of Military Christian Fellowships and is in contact with military Christian fellowships in 40 other countries. It has a membership of serving military personnel and non-serving people, many of whom are relatives of members of the Armed Forces.
Mission
The Mission of the AFCU is prayerfully to:
Encourage those who are already Christians in the Armed Forces, and their families, to live out and develop their faith, to act as 'salt and light', and through them to encourage others to come to a committed faith in the Lord Jesus Christ;
Work for Christian unity amongst serving military Christians worldwide and to work alongside military Christian organizations (MCO) in support of the chaplains;
Support the Armed Forces, providing a Godly influence upon military culture;
Expose the role of Christians in the Armed Forces to the wider Christian and secular community.
Vision
The vision for the AFCU is to be a dynamic and outward looking prayer union, providing discipleship to a growing membership, which upholds biblical principles in the Armed Forces.
See also
Christians in the military
Defence Christian Network
Officers' Christian Fellowship
Notes
External links
Official website
AFCU along with similar organizations
The Association of Military Christian Fellowships
Evangelical parachurch organizations |
20464676 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2009%20Tunisian%20general%20election | 2009 Tunisian general election | General elections were held in Tunisia on 25 October 2009. Results released on 26 October 2009 indicated a substantial victory for incumbent President Zine El Abidine Ben Ali, who won the reelection for a fifth five-year term, and the governing Constitutional Democratic Rally. It was the last election contested under the Ben Ali regime, prior to the Tunisian Revolution.
Observers
The African Union sent a team of election observers to cover the election. The delegation was led by Benjamin Bounkoulou who described the election as "free and fair". However, a spokesperson from the United States State Department indicated that Tunisia did not allow international monitoring of elections, but the U.S. was still committed to working with the president of Tunisia and its government. There also were reports of mistreatment of an opposition candidate.
Results
President
The Interior Ministry released the official results for the election on Monday 26 October 2009. Voter turnout was recorded at 89.40% with 4,447,388 of Tunisia's 5.3 million registered voters participating. In the presidential race, incumbent president Zine El Abidine Ben Ali won 89.62% of the vote. His nearest rivals were Mohamed Bouchiha with 5.01% of the vote and Ahmed Inoubli with 3.80%, and Ahmed Brahum with 1.57%.
Parliament
In the Chamber of Deputies election, the Democratic Constitutional Rally, which had governed continuously from Tunisia's independence from France in 1956 until the Tunisian Revolution, won 84.59% of the vote and 161 seats. The Movement of Socialist Democrats won 16 seats with 4.63% of the vote, the Popular Unity Party won 12 seats and 3.39% of votes, The Unionist Democratic Union won 9 seats with 2.56%. The remaining 16 seats were divided between the Social Liberal Party, who won eight seats, the Green Party for Progress, who won six and the Movement Ettajdid who won two seats.
References
External links
Presidential and Legislative Elections in Tunisia - 2009
Media
Ben Ali reelected with 89 per cent - Radio France Internationale
Unsurprising victory for Ben Ali - Radio France Internationale
Final results give President Ben Ali a fifth term - France 24
Ben Ali wins unsurprising landslide in presidential election - France 24
Tunisia
Elections in Tunisia
2009 in Tunisia
Presidential elections in Tunisia
October 2009 events in Africa |
23571548 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victor%20Cole | Victor Cole | Victor Cole (born January 23, 1968) is a former professional baseball pitcher. Cole is the only Major League Baseball player ever to have been born in the Soviet Union, and the ninth to have been born in what is now Russia.
Cole pitched in eight games for the 1992 Pittsburgh Pirates, with an 0–2 record, 12 strikeouts and allowing 14 earned runs.
Cole attended Santa Clara University in California. Cole's father, from Sierra Leone, studied medicine in Russia and married a Russian woman. The family left Russia when Cole was four years old, lived in Sierra Leone for four years, then spent two years in Canada before moving to the United States when he was ten years old.
Cole was taken by the Kansas City Royals in the 14th round of the 1988 amateur draft. He was traded to the Pirates May 3, 1991 for Carmelo Martinez.
Cole played in the Milwaukee Brewers organization in 1994 and the San Diego Padres organization in 1995 and 1996. He announced his retirement during the 1995 season.
He then went to play in the Taiwan Major League for Kaoping Fala in 1997. Cole returned to the minors in 1998 and 1999 with the Chicago Cubs. He spent 2000 with the Memphis Redbirds, a AAA affiliate of the St. Louis Cardinals and SK Wyverns of the Korea Baseball Organization. Cole spent 2001 and 2002 with the KBO's Doosan Bears before retiring. In his ten seasons in the minor leagues, he had a record of 37 - 36 with an ERA of 3.70.
In 2003, Cole joined the Russia national baseball team. He also joined the team on its tour of the North American-based independent Northeast League. Cole later coached with the National Team in the 2020 European Championships, in Group B.
References
External links
Pura Pelota (Venezuelan Winter League)
CPC Baseball trivia
New York Times mention
1968 births
Living people
Acereros de Monclova players
Águilas del Zulia players
Baseball City Royals players
Buffalo Bisons (minor league) players
Carolina Mudcats players
Doosan Bears players
El Paso Diablos players
Eugene Emeralds players
Expatriate baseball players in South Korea
Iowa Cubs players
Las Vegas Stars (baseball) players
Major League Baseball pitchers
Major League Baseball players from Russia
Memphis Chicks players
Memphis Redbirds players
New Orleans Zephyrs players
Omaha Royals players
Pine Bluff Locomotives players
Pittsburgh Pirates players
Russian people of Sierra Leonean descent
Salinas Peppers players
SSG Landers players
Sportspeople from Saint Petersburg
Sultanes de Monterrey players
Tiburones de La Guaira players
West Tennessee Diamond Jaxx players
Russian baseball players
Expatriate baseball players in Venezuela
Russian expatriate sportspeople in South Korea
Russian expatriate sportspeople in Mexico
Expatriate baseball players in Mexico
Soviet emigrants to the United States
Sierra Leonean emigrants to the United States
Expatriate baseball players in Taiwan
Sierra Leonean emigrants to Canada |
23571550 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stainless%20Longganisa | Stainless Longganisa | Stainless Longganisa is a semi-autobiographical book written by Bob Ong, his fifth published work. Released in December 2005 by Visprint, it follows the style used in Bob Ong's first three publications: the use of contemporary Filipino language to express the author's views on Filipino culture. Unlike the first three books, however, it mainly deals with literature. According to the blurb, it focuses on [translated from the vernacular]: " ... stories by leaking pens about the importance of reading, reaching your dreams and the correct way of writing." As of 2011 (the year his ninth book, Lumayo Ka Nga Sa Akin, was released), Stainless Longganisa is currently his latest book written in a semi-autobiographical style.
References
Books by Bob Ong
2005 books |
23571558 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bridget%20Dirrane | Bridget Dirrane | Bridget Dirrane (15 November 1894 – 31 December 2003) was an Irish nurse, centenarian and memoirist.
Early life
Bridget Dirrane was born in Oatquarter in the townland of Kilmurvey on Inishmore, Aran Islands, County Galway on 15 November 1894. She was the youngest child of Joseph Gillan and Maggie (née Walsh). Her father was a weaver of flannel cloth and had a small farm. She had four brothers and three sisters. Her oldest brother was a fisherman, who died at age 21 in 1901, and her father died before 1911. Despite this hardship, all of the children went to school, with one of her brothers becoming an Irish teacher, and later an Irish inspector. The family spoke Irish at home, but they were all bilingual with English. Dirrane was schooled at the national school in Oatquarter until the age of 14. She left to work in local homes, looking after children. When she wrote her memoirs late in life, Dirrane claimed to have met Joseph Plunkett, Éamonn Ceannt, Thomas MacDonagh, Thomas Ashe and Patrick Pearse when they visited the island, visiting a house where she looked after the children, discussing politics and plans for the Easter Rising with them. She was a republican, becoming a member of Cumann na mBan in 1918 while she was working for Fr Matthew Ryan as a housekeeper. She was involved in drilling and assisting fugitives from the authorities. Because of their known republican sympathies, the Black and Tans raided the Gillan family homes.
Career
Dirrane moved to Dublin in 1919 to train in St Ultan's Hospital as a nurse. She was still under surveillance, being arrested alongside her employer Claude Chavasse when she was working as a nurse in his house. She was held in Dublin Bridewell for two days before being transferred to Mountjoy. In the time of her imprisonment, she was not charged or put on trial. Her refusal to speak English angered the guards, culminating in her going on hunger strike for a number of days in 1920 until she was released. She took part in the Cumann na mBan vigil outside of Mountjoy in November 1920, when Kevin Barry was hanged.
She worked in Richard Mulcahy's house for two years, before emigrating to the United States in 1927 to continue her career as a nurse. She worked in Boston where she was an active member of the Irish emigrant community alongside former neighbours from the Aran Islands and some relatives. She worked in a hotel for a time, but returned to nursing after her marriage to Edward 'Ned' Dirrane in November 1932 in the Jamaica Plain section of Boston. Ned was a labourer in Boston, was also from Inishmore, died from heart failure in 1940. Dirrane continued her career nursing in hospitals and as a district nurse. On 13 May 1940, she naturalised as US citizen. During World War II, she worked as a nurse in a munitions factory, and at a US Army Air Forces bomber base in Mississippi. She canvased for John F. Kennedy in the Irish community in South Boston when he ran for president in 1960. Jean Kennedy Smith visited Dirrane in 1997 in Galway to acknowledge her contribution. Dirrane also met Senator Edward Kennedy.
Later life
Following her retirement, Dirrane lived with her nephew, but she returned to the Aran Islands in 1966 at age 72. There she lived with her brother-in-law, Pat Dirrane, a widower with three grown sons. They married in a private ceremony on 27 April 1966. She continued to live on the island after Pat's death on 28 February 1990, living with her stepson. She eventually moved into a nursing home in Newcastle in the suburbs of Galway. When she celebrated her 100 birthday, she funded a statue of Our Lady Mary at a holy well in Corough on Inishmore. At age 103, the matron of Dirrane's nursing home arranged for a local writer Jack Mahon to record Dirrane's memories and collate the into a book. The book, A woman of Aran, was published in 1997 and was a bestseller for several weeks. Dirrane was awarded an honorary degree, an MA honoris causa, from NUI Galway in May 1998, the oldest person to ever receive one. Dirrane died on 31 December 2003, aged 109, in Galway. She was buried on Inishmore.
References
External links
RTÉ coverage of Dirrane receiving her honorary degree in 1998
1894 births
2003 deaths
Irish nurses
Irish people of World War II
Irish centenarians
Women centenarians |
23571559 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SpVg%20Aurich | SpVg Aurich | SpVg Aurich is a German football club from the city of Aurich, Lower Saxony.
History
The club was founded on 14 July 1911 as the descendant of the city's first football club, Fußballvereinigung Aurich, established in 1909. In 1938, the club was merged with Mannerturnverein 1862 Aurich to create Turn- und Sport Aurich von 1862. The union lasted until 13 May 1951 when the two clubs went their separate ways.
Playing as TuS Aurich the club was part of the Gauliga Oldenburg-Friesland (I) in 1943–44 where they finished their campaign in fifth place. The club played just three matches in the war-shortened 1944–45 season.
After the breakup of TuS in 1951, SpVg advanced to the Oberliga Niedersachsen/Bremen in 1994 where earned a series of lower table finishes over the course of three seasons. The club was relegated after a 14th-place result in 1996–97. By the early to middle 2000s SpVg played in Landesliga (V) and the Bezirksliga (VI) until a 2007 championship there put it back in the Landesliga, which became sixth tier the next year. By 2012 it reached the Kreisliga Aurich/Wittmund (VIII) after two consecutive relegation places two seasons before, but went back to the Bezirksliga Wesewr Ems by winning its district championship.
References
External links
Official team site
Das deutsche Fußball-Archiv historical German domestic league tables
Football clubs in Germany
Football clubs in Lower Saxony
1911 establishments in Germany
Association football clubs established in 1911 |
23571561 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry%20Coy | Harry Coy | Henry Frederick "Harry" Coy (4 February 1900 – 17 July 1962) was an Australian rules footballer who played for Melbourne in the Victorian Football League (VFL) during the 1920s.
Coy, who started his career at Port Melbourne in 1919, was signed up by Melbourne after two Victorian Football Association (VFA) seasons. He became Melbourne's full-back and was an important player in the 1926 premiership team. In the 1926 Grand Final, Coy kept Collingwood's Gordon Coventry to just two goals, despite the forward having kicked 81 goals for the year leading into the game.
References
Holmesby, Russell and Main, Jim (2007). The Encyclopedia of AFL Footballers. 7th ed. Melbourne: Bas Publishing.
External links
1900 births
Melbourne Football Club players
Port Melbourne Football Club players
Australian rules footballers from Melbourne
1962 deaths
People educated at Scotch College, Melbourne
Melbourne Football Club Premiership players
One-time VFL/AFL Premiership players
People from East Melbourne |
20464688 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xiao-Gang%20Wen | Xiao-Gang Wen | Xiao-Gang Wen (; born November 26, 1961) is a Chinese-American physicist. He is a Cecil and Ida Green Professor of Physics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Distinguished Visiting Research Chair at the Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics. His expertise is in condensed matter theory in strongly correlated electronic systems. In Oct. 2016, he was awarded the Oliver E. Buckley Condensed Matter Prize.
He is the author of a book in advanced quantum many-body theory entitled Quantum Field Theory of Many-body Systems: From the Origin of Sound to an Origin of Light and Electrons (Oxford University Press, 2004).
Early life and education
Wen attended the University of Science and Technology of China and earned a B.S. in Physics in 1982.
In 1982, Wen came to the US for graduate school via the CUSPEA program, which was organized by Prof. T. D. Lee. He attended Princeton University, from which be attained an M.A. in Physics in 1983 and a Ph.D in Physics in 1987.
Work
Wen studied superstring theory under theoretical physicist Edward Witten at Princeton University where he received his Ph.D. degree in 1987. He later switched his research field to condensed matter physics while working with theoretical physicists Robert Schrieffer, Frank Wilczek, Anthony Zee in Institute for Theoretical Physics, UC Santa Barbara
(1987–1989).
Wen introduced the notion of topological order (1989) and quantum order (2002), to describe a new class of matter states. This opens up a new research direction in condensed matter physics. He found that states with topological order contain non-trivial boundary excitations and developed chiral Luttinger theory for the boundary states (1990). The boundary states can become ideal conduction channel which may lead to device application of topological phases. He proposed the simplest topological order — Z2 topological order (1990), which turns out to be the topological order in the toric code. He also proposed a special class of topological order: non-Abelian quantum Hall states. They contain emergent particles with non-Abelian statistics which generalizes the well known Bose and Fermi statistics. Non-Abelian particles may allow us to perform fault tolerant quantum computations. With Michael Levin, he found that string-net condensations can give rise to a large class of topological orders (2005). In particular, string-net condensation provides a unified origin of photons, electrons, and other elementary particles (2003). It unifies two fundamental phenomena: gauge interactions and Fermi statistics. He pointed out that topological order is nothing but the pattern of long range entanglements. This led to a notion of symmetry protected topological (SPT) order (short-range entangled states with symmetry) and its description by group cohomology of the symmetry group (2011). The notion of SPT order generalizes the notion of topological insulator to interacting cases. He also proposed the SU(2) gauge theory of high temperature superconductors (1996).
Professional record
Professor, MIT, 2000–present
Isaac Newton Research Chair, Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, 2012–2014
Associate professor, MIT, 1995—2000
Assistant professor, MIT, 1991—1995
Five-year member of IAS, 1989—1991
Member of ITP, UC Santa Barbara, 1987—1989
Honors
A.P. Sloan Foundation fellow (1992)
Overseas Chinese Physics Association outstanding young researcher award (1994)
Changjiang professor, Center for Advanced Study, Tsinghua University (2000—2004)
Fellow of American Physical Society (2002)
Cecil and Ida Green Professor of Physics, MIT (2004—present)
Distinguished Moore Scholar, Caltech (2006)
Distinguished Research Chair, Perimeter Institute (2009)
Isaac Newton Chair, Perimeter Institute (announced Sep 2011)
2017 Oliver E. Buckley Condensed Matter Prize (announced Oct. 2016)
Member of National Academy of Sciences (2018)
2018 Dirac Medal of the ICTP
Selected publications
See also
Topological order
String-net
Topological entanglement entropy
References
External links
http://dao.mit.edu/~wen
http://physics.stackexchange.com/users/9444/xiao-gang-wen
1961 births
Living people
21st-century American physicists
Chinese emigrants to the United States
Massachusetts Institute of Technology School of Science faculty
Princeton University alumni
Theoretical physicists
University of Science and Technology of China alumni
Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences
Physicists from Shaanxi
People from Xi'an
Educators from Shaanxi
Sloan Research Fellows
Fellows of the American Physical Society
Oliver E. Buckley Condensed Matter Prize winners |
23571567 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FIAA | FIAA | FIAA may refer to:
Federation of Indian Automobile Associations
Fellow of the Institute of Actuaries of Australia
Fellow of the Israel Association of Actuaries
Florida Interscholastic Athletic Association
Front Islamique Arabe de l'Azawad
Furnishing Industry Association of Australia
Future Instructors of America Association
First In Adoption Act
Fiaa may refer to :
an alternative spelling for Fih, Lebanon |
20464725 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W.%20Adams | W. Adams | W Adams was the first manager of Shrewsbury Town F.C. He managed the club for seven years, between 1 May 1905 and 31 May 1912, during which period the club moved from Copthorne barracks ground to the Gay Meadow site. He was also manager during the then-record attendance for a Shrewsbury Town match of 5,000 against Wellington Town.
External links
W Adams at League Managers Association
Shrewsbury Town F.C. managers
20th-century deaths
19th-century births
English football managers |
20464727 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MTV%20Classic%20%28Italian%20TV%20channel%29 | MTV Classic (Italian TV channel) | MTV Classic was an Italian pay television channel that centred its programming schedule to former music video hits from the 1970s, 1980s and 1990s. The channel was based on the Videomusic library. It was launched on 2007 as MTV Gold, and was rebranded as MTV Classic on 10 January 2011. It was closed down on 31 July 2015, along with MTV Hits.
External links
MTV.it
2007 establishments in Italy
2015 disestablishments in Italy
MTV channels
Defunct television channels in Italy
Italian-language television stations
Music organisations based in Italy
Music television channels
Telecom Italia Media
Television channels and stations established in 2007
Television channels and stations disestablished in 2015 |
6901225 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drascombe | Drascombe | The word Drascombe is a trademark that was first registered by John Watkinson who applied it to a series of sailing boats which he designed and built in the period 1965–79 and sold in the United Kingdom (UK). They comprised the Coaster, Cruiser Longboat, Dabber, Drifter, Driver, Gig, Launch, Longboat, Lugger, Peterboat, Scaffie, Scaith and Skiff, together with a few other one-offs. They have wide and deep cockpits, adaptable boomless rigs and high bulwarks.
The word drascombe is also used as a generic term for any boat built to a design by John Watkinson. These include both 'the Drascombe range' build by Churchouse Boats and the 'Original Devon' range produced by Honnor Marine,
The Caboteur and Drifter 22 have been designed and built recently following the design principles developed by John Watkinson.
John Watkinson died in 1997 and the trademark is now owned by his surviving family. Current builders include Churchouse Boats Limited.
Past licensees include McNulty; John Elliott and Douglas Elliott Boatbuilders (licensed to build in wood); and Kelly and Hall, which built the original production Luggers in wood.
Design principles
There are basically two types of drascombe. There are undecked open day sailers and one or two-berth weekenders. They were originally designed and built in marine plywood using glued lapstrake construction. As they became more popular, they were then manufactured in GRP.[3]
The hull, typically, consists of four strakes each side, the garboard strakes being wide giving a flat run to the transom whilst having a fairly sharp entry at the stem. There is a recessed rear deck level with side benches and a recessed foredeck. Some models have a small one or two-berth cabin.
The transom slopes back at an angle of about 45 degrees with the top edge sloping forward giving drascombes a distinctive appearance at the stern. Just forward of the transom is a well to take an outboard motor with a slot in the transom that allows the outboard motor to be tilted out of the water when under sail. It also keeps the outboard motor hidden from view.
The usual rig consists of a Gunter rigged mainsail set on the main mast, a mizzen sail set on the mizzen mast sheeted to a bumpkin and a foresail. The tan-coloured sails are all boomless to avoid possible head injury from a gybing boom. The original Drascombe Lugger had a lug sail to start with; this was changed to a gunter mainsail but the name was kept.
The rudder fits in a case which is set in the aft deck in front of the mizzen mast. It can be lifted up into the case when in very shallow water.
A steel centreboard is in a centreboard case with a purchase to lift it.
Some (Dabber and Drifter) have a conventional vertical transom with the rudder hung on the transom.
Some (Skiff, Scaith, Scaffie and Peterboat) were double enders with a canoe stern. Of these, the Skiff has no outboard motor well, just a mini triangular transom to take a small outboard motor when the rudder has been removed.
Flotilla
Caboteur
The Caboteur is based on the drascombe Longboat but modified to the requirements of French drascombe aficionado Jean-Louis Grenier to create his "ultimate drascombe camping cruiser"
Originally in wood epoxy the hull is now available in GRP. It is 8" wider in the beam than the Longboat with 3" more freeboard. The rig is also larger and a cruising chute can be set to a bowsprit.
Jean-Louis' boat has a large sleeping platform and a vast amount of dedicated storage. The great number of lockers, together with the added beam and freeboard make the sailing weight nearly twice that of a Longboat.
Coaster
A trailer-sailer with a two-berth cabin (and, with the addition of a cockpit tent, room for two more) including cooking and toilet facilities. Replaced the Cruiser Longboat, having a much improved specification, especially with regard to the cockpit and cabin layouts.
Cruiser Longboat
A Longboat with a cabin of two berths or one berth and a galley bench. Unlike the open Longboat and other drascombes a boom was fitted to the mainsail. Designed to appeal more to private buyers than the open version, the Cruiser Longboat was introduced and sold side by side with the standard open boat. Introduced in 1970 and replaced in 1979 by the Coaster. Over 400 were built. The wooden versions were all custom built and differ considerably from the GRP versions.
Dabber
Although smaller than the Lugger, the Dabber carries a full yawl rig on main and mizzen masts. However, the Dabber can easily be distinguished by its bowsprit and transom-hung rudder.
Drifter
A cruising boat with a cabin and choice of outboard well or 6-8 hp Sabb inboard Diesel engine. Draft 2'+. Long keel with fixed bilge plates. Original spec included sails with roller-reef jib, pramhood canopy, two-burner paraffin cooker, flushing chemical toilet, fitted bilge pump, anchor warp and chain; anti-fouling below waterline. An optional tent was also available, extending sleeping accommodation from two to four adults.
Drifter 22
At the 2007 London Boat Show Churchouse Boats launched the Drifter 22.
Paul Fisher of Selway-Fisher was employed to revise the design of the original Drifter.
The prototype was built in wood/epoxy but moulds have been made and production boats are manufactured in GRP.
In 2021 Churchouse Boats re-launched the Drifter 22 with a Mark II model, under the Drascombe Boats brand.
Driver
An 18' version of the Launch hull with bilge fins for sailing. A Watermota Shrimp inboard petrol engine with fully feathering propeller was fitted. A petrol/paraffin version of the Watermota or even a diesel were available to special order. For sailing it had a standing lug rig similar to the Dabber but with a slightly larger jib and mainsail.
Gig
Never intended for the private buyer, the Gig is a pure sail training craft designed for use by Navies. Previously, the Royal Navy used the Montagu Whaler for this purpose, but these boats were getting well past their best, and new ones have not been built since the 1950s. The Longboat was considered too small, so the Gig was designed for this specific market. The French navy now uses four Gigs for this purpose.
Today a number of privately owned Gigs are about - two were fitted with cabins (Hippo and Gig). One was fitted with a tent to allow for extensive cruising (The City of London).
In private hands the Gig is not for the novice. She has a fairly big sail area and handles and feels like a big boat. At the same time, once in tune with her, she gives her crew great confidence by her easily reefed lug sail and her sea keeping capabilities.
Launch
Based on the Dabber hull and introduced in 1973, the Launch was designed for river and lake fishing. Fitted with a Watermota Shrimp inboard engine and a Dabber mizzen as a steadying sail. Not a very successful model, only 12 being built.
Longboat
Essentially a stretched Lugger, and originally intended as a training craft for sailing schools, Sea Scouts, etc.
Lugger
The boat that started it all, and still as immensely popular as at its introduction at the Earls Court (London) Boat Show in 1968, when the first wooden production boat, Luka was sold within 29 minutes of the show opening to the public. Luka is now located in the National Maritime Museum Cornwall. The epitome of rugged simplicity, reliability, and seaworthiness in an open boat, the Lugger is equally at home pottering with the kids or undertaking more adventurous expeditions.
Peterboat
Designed by John Watkinson in 1973, the Peterboat was not mass-produced and never built in GRP. Only about 10 wooden boats were built by John Elliott, John Kerr, and Norman Whyte. There was an original version of a Peterboat built by John Watkinson, similar decking arrangement to the drascombe Lugger, but with a gunter rig sporting a curved yard with a large jib,(similar to the rig on 'Cariad') only the one was ever built.
Scaffie
A smaller drascombe for single-handed sailing, the Scaffie has no centreboard, relying instead on a long central keel and two bilge stub keels. Rig is a single standing lugsail.
Scaith
Double ended open boat with a standing lug main, small offset mizzen with bumkin and a jib, a folding rudder and galvanised steel centreplate. An outboard motor well is incorporated on the aft port side to carry a small (2 hp) outboard motor. The forerunner to the Peterboat 4.5m.
Skiff
Similar to the Scaffie but with a narrower beam, the Skiff was designed in 1970 and John Watkinson built the first three boats of around 30 that were built in wood by Doug Elliott at John Elliott Boatbuilders. A GRP version wasn't available until 1996.
History
1902 "Captain James McNulty starts family business. As stevedores it employed ship carpenters, but had difficulty retaining them to work casually and so to ensure continuity of employment, it was decided they build small rowing boats."
c. 1955 John Elliott joins Kelly and Hall as boatbuilder.
1958 John Watkinson buys Kelly and Hall.
1960 Honnor Marine founded by Pat Honnor.
1962/63 John Watkinson designs and builds three sixteen foot mackerel boats (wood).
1964 John Watkinson sells Kelly and Hall.
1965 John Watkinson moves to Drascombe Barton. John Watkinson designs and builds first Drascombe Lugger 'Katharine Mary'.
1966 New owners of Kelly and Hall produce Drascombe Lugger in wood.
1968 Earls Court Boat Show. Exhibit Drascombe Lugger sold in 20 minutes, 11 ordered. John Watkinson grants Honnor Marine a sole licence to build Drascombe Luggers in GRP.
1969 Honnor Marine produces first GRP Drascombe Lugger and exhibits at London Boat Show. John Watkinson designs Drascombe Longboat, a stretched Drascombe Lugger; and Drascombe Cruiser Longboat.
1970 Drascombe Longboat and Drascombe Cruiser Longboat built by Honnor Marine in GRP. John Watkinson designs Drascombe Skiff, built in wood. Kelly and Hall ceases trading. John Elliott takes over premises and starts John Elliott (Boatbuilder) with his brother Doug building wooden Drascombes.
c. 1970 In Llandysul, Cardiganshire, John Kerr sets up his own workshop, building wooden boats ranging from small clinker dinghies to ocean racing yachts, for over 20 years. Following a meeting with John Watkinson, he becomes one of the earliest licensed builders of the Drascombe range. Overall John built approximately 10 Drascombe boats, many finished to the customer's exact requirements. John died in 2001.
1972 John Watkinson designs Drascombe Dabber. Built by Honnor Marine in GRP.
1973 John Watkinson designs Drascombe Peterboat, built in wood.
1974 John Watkinson designs Drascombe Driver. Built by Honnor Marine in GRP. Honnor Marine goes into receivership.
1975 Honnor Marine continues to trade under a management consortium.
1977 Association of Dutch Drascombe Owners (NKDE) formed. John Watkinson designs Drascombe Drifter. Built by Honnor Marine in GRP.
1978 John Watkinson designs Drascombe Scaffie. Built by Honnor Marine in GRP. John Watkinson designs Drascombe Coaster. Built by Honnor Marine in GRP.
1980 John Elliott dies. Business wound up.
1981 Under the wings of Terry Erskine Yachts Plymouth, Douglas Elliot built one more Drascombe, a Peterboat 4.5 metre, before retiring.
1982 Norman Whyte licensed to build the whole line of Drascombes in wood, continuing until 1995.
1984 John Watkinson designs Drascombe Gig. Built by Honnor Marine in GRP.
1984 Drascombe List started in West Wales by Jeremy Churchouse as a brokerage for used Drascombes.
1987 Drascombe Association formed.
1997 Liquidation of Honnor Marine. Assets sold to Bob Brown, including all the plugs, which are the items for making new moulds as well as all the boat fittings and spars. Bob Brown moves the business up to the North of England where Honnor Marine starts producing the drascombe range under the brand name “The Original Devon Range”. McNulty Boats Ltd, Hebburn, Tyneside, UK is awarded the exclusive licence to use the Drascombe trademark. It makes new moulds and builds the Drascombe range. John Watkinson dies on 19 December.
1998 Stewart Brown (no relation to Bob Brown) takes over Churchouse Boats from Jeremy Churchouse.
2000 Stewart Brown joins McNulty Boats.
2002 McNulty Boats in liquidation. Taken over by Churchouse Boats, led by Stewart Brown, including license to use the Drascombe trademark.
2007 Churchouse Boats exhibits the new Drascombe Drifter 22 at the London Boat Show.
2013 Stewart Brown retires as Director from Churchouse Boats Ltd, Sharon Geary-Harwood and Simon Harwood both become Directors and take over the ownership of the company, including the Sole license to use the Drascombe trademark
2017 Upon retirement, Bob Brown sells Honnor Marine to Tim and April Altham, who relocate the business in Swanage, Dorset, and continue to produce the “Original Devon Range” as Honnor Marine Classics Ltd.
2018 Stewart Brown former owner of Churchouse Boats died on 22 September, a great loss to the Drascombe community.
Notable voyages
David Pyle sailed his wooden Drascombe Lugger Hermes from England to Australia during 1969 and 1970. This was possibly the longest journey ever undertaken in a small open sailing boat (though, later, in 1991, a complete circumnavigation was completed by Anthony Steward in an open 19' boat). Hermes was a standard production model with the exception of a raised foredeck and a few other minor modifications. The boat was built at Kelly and Hall's boatyard at Newton Ferrers by John and Douglas Elliott.
In 1973, Geoff Stewart crossed the Atlantic in a Longboat.
Between 1978 and 1984, Webb Chiles sailed round most of the world in his Luggers Chidiock Tichborne I and Chidiock Tichborne II. Starting in California in Chidiock I, he crossed the Pacific, then the Indian Ocean, before heading into the Red Sea. Near Vanuatu during the Pacific crossing, the boat capsized during bad weather, then drifted for two weeks while he was unable to bail his flooded boat. After becoming damaged, Chidiock I was seized by the Saudi Arabian authorities when Chiles was arrested on suspicion of being a spy. Chiles had a new Lugger, Chiddiock II, shipped to him in Egypt. This he sailed south to cross his previous track and then through the Suez Canal and the Mediterranean Sea out into the Atlantic to La Palma in the Canary Islands. Leaving the boat briefly to visit Tenerife, he returned to find that she had capsized at her mooring in a storm. Finding that he had lost a lot of gear, Chiles decided to end his attempt at circumnavigating in an open boat.
References
External links
Drascombe Boats
Honnor Marine Ltd
Keelboats
1960s sailboat type designs
Sailing yachts
Trailer sailers |
6901231 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timmy%20Fitzpatrick | Timmy Fitzpatrick | Timmy Fitzpatrick was an inter-county hurling player with Laois and Kilcotton. He was Laois's first choice goalkeeper in the 1940s and he gave some heroic displays. In the 1949 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship final against Tipperary, Fitzpatrick was lauded as a Laois hero - despite the scoreline.
The following year, he made his sole appearance on the Leinster team. He played in three Laois Senior Hurling Championship finals with his club but never tasted victory.
In 1999, Timmy Fitzpatrick was named on the Laois Hurling Team of the Millennium.
References
Laois GAA Yearbook, 1999
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Laois inter-county hurlers
Kilcotton hurlers |
6901249 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JDS%20Amatsukaze | JDS Amatsukaze | JDS Amatsukaze (DDG-163) was a guided missile destroyer (DDG) of the Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force (JMSDF), and the only ship of her class. She was the first Japanese surface combatant equipped with surface-to-air missiles.
Development
JDS Amatsukaze was planned as the DDG variant of the preceding Akizuki-class anti-aircraft destroyers, mounting the American Tartar Guided Missile Fire Control System weapon system. However, the Tartar system turned out to be larger than expected, so Amatsukazes design was altered completely, with an enlarged hull and with a shelter-deck design based on that of the and uprated steam turbines.
Construction and career
She was laid down on 29 November 1962 and launched on 5 October 1963 by Mitsubishi shipyard in Nagasaki. Commissioned on 15 February 1965.
From July 1st to July 31st of the same year, she participated in the maritime training in the direction of Guam with the escort vessels JDS Haruna, JDS Mochizuki and JDS Nagatsuki.
Participated in Exercise RIMPAC 1980 from January 25, 1980, and from February 26 to March 18, the first joint exercise of the Maritime Self-Defense Force with the escort ship JDS Hiei and eight P-2J patrol aircraft. Participate in 80). The ship became a member of the USS Constellation Task Force. She succeeded in all four ship-to-air engagements during the exercises, and was attacked by the temporary enemy, the Royal Australian Navy aircraft carrier HMAS Melbourne. She was highly evaluated as the best ship in this exercise by engaging with USS Sargo which approached with the intention of reattacking the wrecked USS Constellation and destroying her. Returned to Japan on April 2nd.
From July 1st to July 31st, 1992, she participated in the maritime training in the Philippines with the escort vessels JDS Setoyuki, JDS Asayuki and JDS Mineyuki.
Removed from the register on November 29, 1995. During the active period of 30 years and 9 months, the total voyage was 764,314 miles (about 1.4 million km), the total voyage time was 62,999.53 hours, and the Maritime Self-Defense Force exercises participated 19 times, integrated exercises 4 times, and 9 times. She was eventually sunk as an actual target for anti-ship missiles off Wakasa Bay.
Her port propeller is left at Yokosuka Education Corps, the starboard propeller is left at Yokosuka naval base, and the main anchor is left at Maizuru naval base.
Tartar missiles
Amatsukaze was one of the earliest foreign ships equipped with the American Tartar system. (The other is the French Kersaint-class DDG). Because of the financial burden of this expensive weapon system, the other equipment aboard Amatsukaze was almost the same as that of the at first, but the JMSDF applied a spiral model to Amatsukaze, allowing continual updating of her equipment as described in the following table.
The Tartar weapon system made a strong positive impression on the JMSDF, but it was too expensive for the JMSDF to be able to afford another Tartar-equipped DDG at once. As a result, the JMSDF had to wait 10 years to build another DDG, the first destroyer.
Ships in class
Gallery
References
Destroyer classes
Destroyers of the Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force
1963 ships
Amatsukaze |
20464734 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colin%20Lynch | Colin Lynch | Colin Lynch (born 1973 in Lissycasey, County Clare) is an Irish sportsperson. He plays hurling and Gaelic football with his local clubs Kilmaley and Lissycasey, and was a member of the Clare senior inter-county hurling team from 1997 until 2008.
Playing career
Club
Colin played for Éire Óg ever before he played for Kilmaley. Lynch plays his club hurling with his local club Kilmaley and has enjoyed much success.
In 1998 Lynch lined out in his first county senior championship final. The famous St. Joseph's Doora-Barefield club provided the opposition, however, Kilmayley still came up short and Lynch ended up on the defeated side.
The following year Kilmaley were back in the junior hurling decider. Clonlara were the opponents on that occasion, however, for the second time Lynch's side faced defeat.
2004 saw Kilmaley finally break the barrier at senior level when they lined out against St. Joseph's in the senior championship decider. Lynch's side triumphed that day to collect their first senior county title since 1985.
Lynch also played Gaelic football with his local club Lissycasey and enjoyed much success. He won a county intermediate championship winners' medal in 1994, however, success at senior level was slow in coming. After defeat in senior county finals in 1998 and 2006, Lynch won a county senior championship winners' medal in 2007, following a five-point victory over Éire Óg.
Inter-county
Lynch first came to prominence on the inter-county scene as a member of the Clare senior team in 1994. He was included on the senior panel that year, however, it would be another few years before he secured a definite place on the starting fifteen.
Lynch made his debut in a Munster Championship quarter-final against Kerry in 1997. Clare had an easy win that day. A subsequent victory over Cork gave Lynch the chance to line out in his first Munster final. Tipperary were the opponents on that occasion and an exciting game was expected. Both sets of players did not disappoint. Clare led by five points at half-time, however, Tipp fought back in the second-half. In one of the best games of the decade Clare defeated Tipperary by 1–18 to 0–18. It was Lynch's first Munster winners' medal and Clare's first ever victory over Tipperary in the provincial decider. Clare were now hot favourites to reclaim the All-Ireland title. They showed their class against Kilkenny in the subsequent All-Ireland semi-final, thus booking their place in the All-Ireland final. The introduction of the so-called 'back-door system' saw Tipperary provide the opposition in that game. For the second time that year both sides served up a classic. Clare had the upper-hand for much of the game, however, Tipp remained close behind. Liam Cahill and Eugene O'Neill scored two goals for Tipp in the last ten minutes to set up an exciting finish. A draw looked likely, however, a classic late point from Jamesie O'Connor secured a narrow 0–20 to 2–13 victory for Clare. It was Lynch's first All-Ireland winners' medal. In winning the 1997 All-Ireland title Clare beat Cork, Kilkenny and Tipperary (twice) – the so-called big three of hurling. In doing so they became only the second team ever, along with Waterford in 1959, to achieve this.
In 1998 Clare were the hot favourites to retain their All-Ireland title. All was going to plan, however, Lynch's side drew with Waterford in the Munster final. The replay was one of the most controversial games of hurling ever played. Before the sliotar was had even been thrown in, Lynch was pulling recklessly across Peter Queally and Tony Browne. A melee ensued two minutes into the game and Lynch punched Browne. Brian Lohan and Michael White were red-carded for also fighting, however, Lynch escaped being sent to the line. The rest of the game was played in an extremely bad spirit and Clare emerged the victors by 2–16 to 0–10. It was Lynch's second Munster winners' medal, however, the game was subject to much media discussion over the following week. The Munster Council later suspended Lynch for three months. He was a huge loss for the subsequent three-game All-Ireland semi-final saga with Offaly, a marathon run of games which Clare eventually lost, thus surrendering an All-Ireland title which they had been hot favourites to retain.
The following few seasons proved difficult for Lynch and for Clare. In spite of the team going into decline, Clare still qualified for the Munster final again in 1999. By now the 'hurling revolution' of the 1990s was drawing to a close as the 'old order' returned. Cork provided the opposition on that occasion, however, Clare were still the favourites going into the game. An exciting contest unfolded with Cork's Joe Deane scoring a key goal after an excellent pass from Seánie McGrath. A score line of 1–15 to 0–14 gave Cork the victory and saw Clare surrender their provincial title for the first time since 1996. Lynch's side, however, still had a chance to reclaim the All-Ireland title via the 'back-door'. A defeat of Galway in a replay set up an All-Ireland semi-final meeting with Kilkenny. Clare were now on a downward spiral as Kilkenny secured a 2–14 to 1–13 victory thanks to D.J. Carey.
The next few seasons saw Clare exit the provincial championship at an early stage, while manager Ger Loughnane also departed. In 2002 Clare exited the Munster race at the first hurdle, however, the newly expanded qualifiers system saw Lynch's side record subsequent victories over Dublin, Wexford, Galway and Waterford to reach the All-Ireland final. It was Lynch's second appearance in the championship decider. Kilkenny were the opposition and there was no doubt in the pundits' minds that there would be anything but a victory for 'the Cats'. Henry Shefflin and D.J. Carey combined to score 2–13, while Clare's forwards missed two easy goal chances. At the full-time whistle Kilkenny were the champions by 2–20 to 0–19.
Lynch's side faced early defeats in the provincial championships of 2003 and 2004. The team regrouped in the latter year and forced reigning champions Kilkenny to a draw in the All-Ireland quarter-final. 'The Cats' went on to win the replay with five points to spare.
Provincial defeat was Clare's lot again in 2005, however, Lynch's side reached the All-Ireland semi-final via the qualifiers. Cork were the opponents that day and found life difficult with a primed Clare team countering their every attack. 'The Rebels' fell behind by seven points at the start of the second-half. A huge performance by Cork turned this deficit around and Lynch's side eventually went on to lose the game by 0–16 to 0–15. Lynch had a chance to level the game with seconds left, however, his shot went wide.
Clare reached the All-Ireland semi-final again in 2006, this time with Kilkenny providing the opposition. After a reasonably good performance Clare fell short again as 'the Cats' went on to win the game and later take the All-Ireland title.
In 2008 Clare ended their first-round bogey in Munster and reached the final of the competition for the first time since 1999. A resurgent Tipperary provided the opposition on that occasion and an exciting game was expected, however, Tipperary were much too strong for 'the Banner' county. The game was far from a classic as Lynch's side eventually lost by 2–21 to 0–19. This defeat was not the end of the road, as Clare later lined out against Cork in the All-Ireland quarter-final. Clare were the favourites against a Cork side that was seen as past its prime. The team justified their favourites tag as Cork trailed by eight points at half-time. The second half was a different story as Cork took control. At the long whistle Lynch's side were defeated by 2–19 to 2–17. This defeat marked the end for Lynch as he announced his retirement from inter-county hurling just before the start of the 2009 championship.
Championship Appearances
Scores and results list Clare's tally first.
Honours
Kilmaley
Clare Senior Hurling Championship:
Winner (1): 2004
Runner-up (1): 1998
Clare Junior Hurling Championship:
Winner (2): 2001, 2006
Runner-up (2): 1999, 1996
Lissycasey
Clare Senior Football Championship:
Winner (1): 2007
Runner-up (2): 1998, 2006
Clare Intermediate Football Championship:
Winner (1): 1994
Clare Junior Football Championship:
Winner (1): 1992
Clare
All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship:
Winner (1): 1997
Runner-up (1): 2002
Munster Senior Hurling Championship:
Winner (2): 1997, 1998
Runner-up (1): 1999, 2008
All-Ireland Junior Hurling Championship:
Winner (1): 1993
Munster Junior Hurling Championship:
Winner (1): 1993
National Hurling League:
Winner (0):
Runner-up (2): 2001, 2005
Munster
Railway Cup:
Winner (1): 1997
Runner-up (1): 2004
References
Teams
1974 births
Living people
Dual players
Kilmaley hurlers
Lissycasey Gaelic footballers
Clare inter-county hurlers
Munster inter-provincial hurlers
All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship winners |
23571577 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1145%20papal%20election | 1145 papal election | The 1145 papal election followed the death of Pope Lucius II and resulted in the election of Pope Eugene III, the first pope of the Order of Cistercians.
Election of Eugene III
Pope Lucius II, during the whole of his pontificate, had to face the municipal commune at Rome, hostile towards the secular rule of the popes in the Eternal City. The republican faction elected Giordano Pierleoni, brother of the former Antipope Anacletus II, to the post of senator, and demanded that Lucius relinquish all temporal matters into his hands. The pope refused and led a small army against the seat of the commune on Capitol. He was defeated and seriously wounded in this attack, and died on 15 February 1145 in the church of S. Gregorio in clivo scauri. The cardinals present at Rome quickly assembled in the church of San Cesareo in Palatio and on the very same day unanimously elected to the papacy Bernardo da Pisa, pupil of St. Bernard of Clairvaux, who was abbot of the Cistercian monastery of S. Anastasio alle Tre Fontane near Rome and probably did not belong to the College of Cardinals. The elect took the name of Eugene III. Due to hostility of the Roman people, his consecration took place in the monastery of Farfa on 18 February 1145.
Cardinal-electors
There were probably 40 cardinals in the Sacred College of Cardinals in February 1145. Based on examination of the subscriptions of the papal bulls in 1145 and the available data about the external missions of the cardinals it is possible to establish that no more than 34 cardinals participated in the election:
Thirteen electors were created by Pope Innocent II, nine by Celestine II, eleven by Lucius II, one by Pope Callixtus II and one by Pope Paschalis II.
Absentees
Notes
Sources
12th-century elections
1145
1145
1145 in Europe
12th-century Catholicism |
17327800 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wrestling%20at%20the%201992%20Summer%20Olympics%20%E2%80%93%20Men%27s%20freestyle%2052%20kg | Wrestling at the 1992 Summer Olympics – Men's freestyle 52 kg | The men's freestyle 52 kilograms at the 1992 Summer Olympics as part of the wrestling program were held at the Institut Nacional d'Educació Física de Catalunya from August 3 to August 5. The wrestlers are divided into 2 groups. The winner of each group decided by a double-elimination system.
Results
Legend
WO — Won by walkover
Elimination A
Round 1
Round 2
Round 3
Round 4
Round 5
Round 6
Summary
Elimination B
Round 1
Round 2
Round 3
Round 4
Round 5
Round 6
Summary
Finals
Final standing
References
External links
Official Report
Freestyle 52kg |
23571579 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human%20Technology%20%28EP%29 | Human Technology (EP) | The Human Technology EP is an extended play released by the composer BT in 2005 under the Human Imprint label. It contains two remixes of two different songs from BT's fourth studio album, Emotional Technology. The two songs remixed were "Knowledge of Self", a track featuring the Gang Starr rapper Guru, and "The Great Escape", a track featuring Caroline Lavelle, with remixes by Evol Intent and Alliance, respectively. It is BT's fifth EP and most recent to date.
Track listing
References
2005 EPs
BT (musician) EPs |
17327808 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2007%E2%80%9308%20LEN%20Euroleague | 2007–08 LEN Euroleague | The 2007–08 LEN Euroleague was the 45th edition of LEN's premier competition for men's water polo clubs. It ran from 26 September 2007 to 10 May 2008, and was contested by 42 teams. The Final Four (semifinals, final, and third place game) took place on May 9 and May 10 in Barcelona. The winning team was Pro Recco from Italy.
Qualifying round 1
Group A (Istanbul)
Preliminary round
Group A
Group B
Group C
Group D
Knockout stage
Quarter-finals
The first legs were played on 26 March, and the second legs were played on 9 April 2008.
|}
Final Four (Barcelona)
Piscina Municipal de Montjuïc, Barcelona, Spain
Final standings
LEN Champions League seasons
Champions League
2007 in water polo
2008 in water polo |
23571580 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EAS%20Airlines%20Flight%204226 | EAS Airlines Flight 4226 | EAS Airlines Flight 4226 was a scheduled domestic passenger flight from Kano to Lagos, Nigeria. On 4 May 2002, the aircraft serving the route, a BAC One-Eleven 525FT with 69 passengers and 8 crew members on board, crashed into Gwammaja Quarters, a densely-populated residential area located approximately from the airport, and burst into flames, resulting in the deaths of 66 passengers and 7 crew. In addition, at least 30 civilians on the ground were killed. With a total of 103 fatalities, Flight 4226 is the deadliest aviation accident involving a BAC One-Eleven.
Nigerian Accident Investigation and Prevention Bureau attributed the disaster to pilot error. The aircraft overran the runway and rolled for few hundred meters, creating huge burst of dust which was eventually ingested by the engines. This limited the ability of the engines to deliver power and caused the aircraft to lose speed. The extended landing gear aggravated the condition and the aircraft eventually crashed due to the compromised airspeed. Due to the absence of usable flight recorders, the reasons for the crew to accidentally overrun the runway could not be determined.
Aircraft
The aircraft involved in the crash was a BAC One-Eleven 525FT with a registration 5N-ESF. The aircraft was manufactured in 1980 and was first delivered to TAROM with a Romanian registration of YR-BCN. It was later acquired by Inex-Adria Aviopromet and Ryanair through lease before it was returned to TAROM in 1989. In July 2001, the aircraft was acquired by EAS Airlines and the aircraft entered the fleet later in August. By the time of the crash, the aircraft had accumulated a total of 24,644 flight hours.
Two Rolls-Royce Spey turbofan engines powered the aircraft. The left engine was installed in 2000 while the right engine was installed recently in May 2, transferred from the aircraft's sister ship 5N-ESD. The last major maintenance check was conducted in January 2001.
Passengers and crews
Flight 4226 was carrying 69 passengers and 8 crew members, contrary to initial reports which claimed that the aircraft was carrying 105 passengers. Most of the passengers were Nigerian, with one Lebanese confirmed to be on board Flight 4226. BBC News stated that at least one British passenger was on the flight. Nigeria's Daily Trust reported that three French nationals were among those on board. A total of 23 passengers boarded the aircraft in Kano for Lagos, while 47 Lagos-bound passengers had boarded the aircraft in Jos, the aircraft's previous destination.
Among the passengers was Nigeria's Sport Minister Ishaya Mark Aku. He was on his way to attend the 2002 FIFA World Cup warm-up match between Nigeria and Kenya. Julie Useni and Danjuma Useni, the wife and son of former Minister of Federal Capital Territory Jeremiah Useni, were also onboard.
The commander of the flight was 49-year-old Captain Peter Abayomi Inneh with a flight hours of more than 14,000 hours, of which 7,000 hours were on the type. He joined EAS Airlines in 2000 and had been flying the BAC One-Eleven ever since. The co-pilot was 47-year-old First Officer Chris Adewole Adegboye. He had accrued a total of more than 8,000 flight hours, of which 3,350 hours were on the type. The flight engineers were Emmanuel Idoko and Muhammad Sarki.
Accident
Flight 4226 was a flight from Mallam Aminu Kano International Airport in the north of the country to Lagos Murtala Muhammed International Airport in the southwest. Before the flight to Lagos, the aircraft had flown to Jos in nearby Plateau State. When it arrived in Kano, a total of 36 disembarked in Kano and 47 people boarded the aircraft. The flight was expected to take-off at around 13:30 p.m with Captain Peter Inneh and First Officer Chris Adegboye as the pilots. The aircraft was carrying 69 passengers and 8 crew members.
The crew requested start-up clearance at 13:19 p.m and the aircraft started to move towards the taxiway. At 12:26 p.m, the aircraft was lined-up with the runway. Captain Peter jokingly stated: "FL280 () for EXW4226, ready for space travel" and the ATC cleared them for take-off from Kano's Runway 23 and gave the crew a brief information regarding the temperature and the weather ahead. After the ATC had completed the report, the crew commenced the take-off roll.
Crash
During the roll, the controller at the tower noticed that the aircraft was moving sluggishly, pacing much slower than usual. When it passed through the runway treshold, the nose had been in upward position but the landing gears still had not lifted off the ground. The aircraft ended up overrunning the runway end and struck two runway lights. As it overran the runway, burst of dust could be seen from the control tower. It then lifted off outside the runway, but before it could fully lifted off the ground the landing gears struck a ground depression, causing a violent impact that rattled the entire aircraft. The impact caused some parts of the ceilings to come down onto the floor. Following the impact, the aircraft was covered in massive burst of dust.
Even though the aircraft had successfully taken off from the runway, its airspeed began to drop and the crew was faced with an impending stall condition. Flight 4226 then began to swerve from side to side. Captain Peter reported to the control tower that he was having an engine failure. He could be heard saying "My take-off is difficult, I heard a sound on my right engine. The aircraft is wobbling. I think I'm in a difficult situation." The crew tried to avoid stalling the aircraft and decided to lower the nose, but their altitude was too low with houses could be seen from the cabin 'just mere meters from the aircraft'. Passengers inside the aircraft were panicking and screaming.
People on the ground who witnessed the aircraft coming towards them then scrambled to safety. The aircraft could not gain more altitude and failed to avoid obstacles. It then clipped a minaret of a mosque and then struck numerous houses and a local Islamic school on the ground. The aircraft then flew onto another mosque at full-force and burst into flames. Praying services were held at the local mosques and at least 100 students were in the school complex at the time of the crash. Many buildings collapsed, including the school and mosque.
Immediate aftermath
Dozens of students, worshippers and local residents were trapped inside the rubble. Eyewitnesses stated that people on the ground began to wail and scream, rushing to the crash site to search for their relatives trapped inside the rubble. According to eyewitness, they heard several calls for help from inside the aircraft. Meanwhile, flames began to quickly spread across the neighborhood. Firefighters reached the crash site within 10 minutes after the accident, but due to the large amount of onlookers and volunteers they couldn't swiftly conduct the rescue operation. The absence of water sources at the crash site and the hostile behaviour from the crowd towards the crew further worsened the situation. They rapidly rad out of water and foam and had to return to the airport to refill their supplies. Eventually, some of the victims who were trapped couldn't be saved from the blaze. The fire quickly spread, burning the trapped victims.
Three survivors were evacuated from the crash site and were immediately transported to the nearby hospitals in serious condition. The Lebanese passenger immediately got out of the aircraft's exit door and met with another survivor, who was found lying under a shed. The Lebanese was relatively unharmed, while the other survivor was seriously injured. They both managed to climb up the ruins of a house where they were located at and decided to jump to the roof of a house next door. Both were later taken to a nearby hospital by two local residents.
Due to the chaotic situation, soldiers and police officers were deployed to the area. Authorities stated that the local mortuaries had been filled to capacity due to the numbers of the dead and as a result corpses were piled on the floor. Some of the bodies were transported to the Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital. Off-duty emergency workers were called to work in response to the crisis of the disaster.
Casualties
In the aftermath of the crash, 103 people were killed, including 66 passengers and 7 crew members. The exact number of people who were killed on the ground could not be determined, but the death toll listed more than 30 victims. More than 10 children reportedly perished in the accident. The corpses of the victims were transported to various hospitals in Kano. The Medical Centre of Nigerian Armed Forces reported that they had received 22 bodies, while the city's Murtalla Mohammed General Hospital received 61 bodies. The other 23 were distributed throughout several private hospitals in Kano. Most of the bodies were badly charred.
One cabin crew member and 3 passengers survived the crash. There were initially five survivors but one of them eventually succumbed to their injuries. Of the 4 survivors, one survived with no injuries, one with minor injuries while the others were in serious condition. Two survivors had to be sent abroad for treatment due to the severity of their injuries, with one receiving treatment in Cologne. Majority of the survivors were seated at the aft or near the aft of the aircraft.
An additional 47 people on the ground were injured in the accident. Of the 47, a total of 24 people were badly injured and the other 23 suffered mild injuries.
Rescue workers stated that at least 30 homes had been destroyed in the crash. Nigerian Red Cross added that hundreds had been made homeless.
Response
Due to the accident, Nigerian President Olusegun Obasanjo cut short his visit to states in Southern Africa and immediately returned to Abuja to observe the situation. He expressed his sympathy to the victims and stated that two days of national mourning would be held in Nigeria. All Nigerian flags would be flown at half mast throughout the country. He ordered an immediate inquiry into the accident and further added that foreign experts would be invited if necessary.
The Emir of Kano, Ado Bayero, along with Governor of Kano State Rabiu Kwankwaso, visited the crash site. The Emir and the Governor later expressed their sympathy to the relatives of the victims. Vice President Atiku Abubakar visited the crash site on May 4, but during his speech angry locals pelted his convoy with stones, prompting the police to fire tear gas onto the crowd. President Obasanjo also visited the crash site on May 6. His visit, however, was also met with fury as families of the victims accused him of "being insensitive". He reportedly visited the crash without prior announcement, under tight security, and avoided taking questions from the public.
President Obasanjo pledged a total of $86,000 federal funds to the victims of the crash, further stating that destroyed houses would be rebuilt. Spokesperson for Kano Government stated that the government of Kano would do "anything possible to alleviate their suffering". A relief committee consisted of 21 members was set up by Kano State. The committee would be in charge of collection and distribution of aids to the victims and would be headed by the deputy governor of Kano. Donations of up to 24 million Naira reportedly had been collected from the country.
Following the death of Ishaya Mark Aku, the Nigerian Government appointed Nigerian Minister of Police Affairs Stephen Akiga as his successor. In response to the death of Ishaya Mark Aku, Nigeria Football Association cancelled the upcoming football friendly match between Nigeria and China.
A total of 56 bodies could not be identified due to their severe condition, most were burnt beyond recognition. Kano government eventually held a mass burial for the unidentified victims. The bodies were carried by six trucks and hundreds of mourners attended the funeral service. Prior to the burial, a prayer service had been held in Gidan Rumfa, the Palace of Emir of Kano.
In response to the crash, Nigerian Minister of Aviation Kema Chikwe grounded every BAC One-Eleven in the country. She added that the Nigerian government would no longer register aircraft that had exceeded 22 years old, adding that owners would be given 5 years to phase them out. A thorough review regarding the operation of private airliners in Nigeria would be also conducted.
Investigation
Nigerian authorities opened an investigation on the crash, with Aviation Minister Kema Chikwe instituted a panel to investigate the crash. The Nigerian federal upper legislative chambers began a public session on the same day of the crash, discussing about the crash as part of the investigation. Managing Director of EAS Airlines, Idris Wada, insisted that the aircraft was still in good condition. He later added that Lloyds Insurance, insurers of the BAC 1-11-500 aircraft which was involved in the crash, has sent a representative from London to investigate the cause of the crash. According to him, the aircraft involved in the crash was fitted with the engine of a grounded EAS Airlines BAC 1-11 aircraft four days before the crash, which raised questions among the senate. He claimed that the practice was not uncommon among the aviation industry.
Prior to the fatal crash, the aircraft involved in the incident had been grounded on two previous occasions: once in 2001 for eleven days to perform engine maintenance, and again in 2002 for 52 days to address engine problems.
Runway overrun
Several possible explanations for the cause of the runway excursion were discussed. The investigation eventually found that there was no technical defects on the aircraft, meaning that it was airworthy to fly. The weather was clear and, while it was hot at the time of the crash, the air density wouldn't have limited the aircraft's ability to take-off safely since investigators considered that the elevation of the airport had not critically affected the aircraft's performance. The actual take-off weight was also within the margin for a safe take-off.
Mallam Aminu Kano International Airport was equipped with two runways; Runway 06/24 and Runway 05/23. The former was significantly longer than the latter. At the time of the crash, Runway 06/24 was being renovated and as a result airliners were asked to use Runway 05/23 instead. Despite the change, the selected runway was long enough for the crew to conduct a safe take-off from Kano, but somehow the aircraft managed to overrun the runway. There had been no runway excursion incidents prior to the crash of Flight 4226.
Unfortunately, there were no usable flight recorders. The cockpit voice recorder was missing from the crash site. While investigators did manage to recover the flight data recorder, the readout indicated that none of the recordings were from flights in Nigeria. The flight data recorder had never been maintained by EAS Airlines and thus it recorded flights that had been carried out during its operation with previous airliners in Europe. The investigation was effectively hampered by the lack of data from the flight recorders.
According to investigators, the most plausible hypothesis was due to the lackadaisical attitude of the pilots during the take-off roll. This was the first time for both flight crew members to fly to Kano. Apparently, both flight crews had been conditioned with the takeoffs on their previous flights, which took place in airports with longer runways. During the take-off roll, the crew didn't take the shorter runway length into account. The crew were probably busy checking the engine parameters and aircraft instruments until they shifted their attention to the runway outside, which was already too late due to the length. The take-off roll was slow, as per the testimony of the on-duty air traffic controller at the time. The airspeed was between V1 and Vr and the aircraft had taken too much runway distance that it was not possible anymore to take any safe evasive actions. The lack of judgement from both flight crew members caused the aircraft to overrun the runway.
Even though the hypothesis was plausible, investigators could not confirm whether their hypothesis was actually true due to the lack of data from flight recorders. Therefore, the reasons for the runway overrun could not be determined.
Failure to take-off
Due to the limited data, investigators had to rely on eyewitness and survivors accounts. The air traffic controller stated that during the take-off roll the aircraft was moving sluggishly and was not at the usual pace for take-off from Runway 23. Following the runway excursion, the aircraft traveled for approximately before it finally took off from the ground. But before it managed to completely take off, the landing gear smashed onto a ground depression, which was used as a transformer pit for the approach light. The aircraft was struck with impact forces of up to 3G - 4G, enough to significantly degrade the aircraft's performance to gain speed. The violent impact also created huge amount of dusts. These dusts were eventually ingested by the engines, causing a reduction of thrust.
The engines of the BAC One-Eleven were located at the back of the aircraft. Previous investigations conducted by the AIPB showed that several objects had been propelled into the engines' air intake area by the aircraft's main landing gear due to the dynamic airflow effect on the tires. As the engines acted like a giant vacuum cleaner, there had been cases in which foreign objects were ingested by the engines. In Flight 4226, the dusts that had been propelled by the tires were sucked into the engines. This was proved by the disassembly of the engines, where dusts had been compacted and compressed within the high-pressure section of the turbine, creating a cake formation that had been lodged between the crevices of the compressor casings. The amount of dusts inside the engines resulted in the momentary degradation of the engine's ability to produce thrust. With the degraded performance of the engine, the aircraft could not gain altitude quickly enough.
The aircraft's poor performance on gaining altitude was worsened by the configuration of the aircraft. When it lifted off the ground, the landing gear was still in extended position. The landing gear was normally retracted shortly after the crew had obtained a positive rate of climb. In Flight 4226, the runway overran and the subsequent impact with the ground depression might have caused a lot of stress and shock to the flight crew that they simply did nothing. The landing gear down position would have diminished the aircraft's ability to climb adequately. The performance chart of the aircraft stated that due to the landing gear configuration the climb performance of the aircraft during takeoff climb would be reduced by up to . In Flight 4226, instead of recording a positive climb rate, the instruments recorded the descent rate of the aircraft, which was at .
Eventually, due to the low altitude of the aircraft, the limited ability to gain altitude and the reduced performance of the aircraft's speed, the aircraft couldn't climb safely from the crowded Gwammaja Quarters.
Other findings
The investigation also revealed problems regarding the operation of EAS Airlines, particularly on the maintenance culture and the oversight system of Nigeria's aviation industry at the time. The review regarding such issue was conducted with assistance from ICAO and members of United Kingdom's Baines-Simmons. The review discovered that the two certifying engineers who worked on the involved aircraft had been working without adequate breaks. There was no indication that the CVR and the FDR had been inspected on a daily basis and some maintenance data were left uncompleted. EAS Airlines also imposed the practice of maintaining their fleet by cannibalizing one unairworthy aircraft.
Despite the findings, investigators stated that there was no evidence that maintenance error had played a role in the crash. However, according to investigators, the findings related to inadequate logbook entries were not uncommon in Nigeria as it used to be the norm for most airliners in the country at the time. The investigation stated that the ruling aviation authority body of Nigeria, NCAA, had not paid enough attention to the country's aviation industry. During an audit on the body, it was revealed that the NCAA had a ramp inspection plan, but it was lacking in details that would have covered every aspects of airworthiness.
Conclusion
The final report attributed the crash to the crew's inability to safely execute the take-off phase within the available runway length. The breakdown of coordination between each flight crew members caused the aircraft to be unable to gain altitude quickly and safely, ultimately caused the aircraft to crash.
The AIPB issued 8 recommendations as a result of the accident, including improvements related to supervision, stricter penalties for malpractices, and improvements related to aircraft flight recorders, in which the NCAA should not register an aircraft under Nigerian registration if an aircraft have not been fitted with a digital flight recorder. The NCAA was also asked to immediately conduct an audit to every BAC One-Eleven in Nigeria to ensure that only operators who have the required spare parts that are allowed to conduct operation within Nigeria, in response to EAS Airlines' cannibalized aircraft practice.
Notes
See also
Viasa Flight 742, another crash in which a small twinjet aircraft (a McDonnell Douglas DC-9) crashed into a crowded city area shortly after takeoff, causing a high number of ground fatalities.
References
External links
Pictures of the disaster, BBC
Images of the involved aircraft and the crash site, Bureau of Aircraft Accidents Archives
2002 disasters in Nigeria
Aviation accidents and incidents in Nigeria
Aviation accidents and incidents in 2002
Accidents and incidents involving the BAC One-Eleven
May 2002 events in Nigeria
Airliner accidents and incidents caused by engine failure
Airliner accidents and incidents caused by pilot error
2002 in Nigeria |
23571581 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magomed%20Gadaborshev | Magomed Gadaborshev | Magomed Gadaborshev () (? – July 9, 2009) was a Russian-Ingushetian colonel who headed Ingushetia's Forensics and Investigations Center.
On July 7, 2009, attackers opened fire on Gadaborshev's car as he drove through the city center of Nazran, the largest city in Ingushetia. He suffered gunshot wounds in the attack and fell into a coma. Doctors pronounced Gadaborshev dead on July 9, 2009.
Gadaborshev's killing followed a string of attacks on and assassinations of Ingush officials in the preceding weeks. The President of Ingushetia, Yunus-Bek Yevkurov, was seriously wounded in a bombing on June 22, 2009. The deputy chief justice of the Supreme Court of Ingushetia Aza Gazgireeva and former deputy prime minister Bashir Aushev were also assassinated in separate shootings in June 2009.
References
2009 deaths
Assassinated Russian people
Deaths by firearm in Russia
Ingush people
People murdered in Russia
Russian military personnel
Year of birth missing |
23571585 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C24H34O5 | C24H34O5 | {{DISPLAYTITLE:C24H34O5}}
The molecular formula C24H34O5 (molar mass: 402.52 g/mol) may refer to:
Bufagin, a toxic steroid obtained from toad's milk
Cortexolone 17α-propionate
Dehydrocholic acid
Molecular formulas |
23571600 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C22H29FO5 | C22H29FO5 | {{DISPLAYTITLE:C22H29FO5}}
The molecular formula C22H29FO5 (molar mass: 392.46 g/mol, exact mass: 392.1999 u) may refer to:
Betamethasone
Dexamethasone
Fluperolone
Paramethasone
Molecular formulas |
17327832 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Babe%20Winkelman | Babe Winkelman | Babe Winkelman (born April 24, 1949) is an American sportsman and television producer, known for television programs about hunting and fishing. His program Good Fishing was first syndicated internationally in the mid-1980s. As of 2017, Winkelman produces an additional program, Outdoor Secrets, which with Good Fishing, airs in the United States and internationally on channels such as CBS Sports, American Hero Channel, and Destination America. His programs are also available globally on 25,000 hyper-local websites across the U.S. and Roku, Apple TV, Opera TV, Amazon Fire, and Netflix.
Early life
Donald Edward "Babe" Winkelman (nicknamed by his father after baseball giant Babe Ruth) grew up on a dairy farm near the small town of Duelm, Minnesota. He started fishing at age 6 on Stoney Brook, a stream that ran through the family farm. It was there that he started to understand how fish moved around through the seasons and there that his "Pattern Approach" to fishing got its roots. Pheasants were abundant on the farm as well and his hunting career started there with his first pheasant kill at age 8. Deer hunting started as a driver at age 10 and he shot his first buck at age 12.
Through endless hours of hunting and fishing, Babe polished his skills. During the 1960s, Babe spent a lot of time at the family cabin on Hay Lake near Longville, where he refined his "pattern" approach to fishing that he continues to teach others today. He started working construction after graduating eighth grade and continued learning carpentry throughout high school. He learned from his father, Don Winkelman Sr., who was a carpentry master. Less than two months after graduating high school, he became the youngest person in the history of Minnesota to get his journeyman's Union card. Babe spent his nights playing lead guitar and singing in bands.
In May 1969, he started Winkelman Building Corporation Inc., a construction company, along with his brother Dennis and father Don. In February 1970, Johnny Winter called him 3 times for him to go on a world tour as lead guitarist for his band. He decided he couldn't leave his dad and the construction business, and his music career became a hobby that he still practices to this day. By the time Babe was 25, the company had grown into 6 corporations with nearly 200 employees. Babe decided his interests were elsewhere, and he embarked on a full-time career in the outdoors.
Outdoor life
He started guiding fishermen in 1965 and started fishing tournaments in 1970. In 1973, he helped found the Minnesota State Bass Federation to get bass tournaments started and served as president for nearly 3 years. 1973 was also the year Babe started writing for outdoor publications and gave his first seminar to teach fishing. Babe started in the outdoors full-time in 1975, where he guided, fished tournaments, taught at seminars, and did promotional work for Lindy/Little Joe Fishing Tackle. He became a field editor for Fishing Facts magazine, writing for them and a host of other publications.
In the last four decades, Babe has written many articles and has guest hosted hundreds of radio shows and podcast episodes. In 1978, he was hired by S.C. Johnson to introduce a new product to America, "Deep Woods OFF." The commercial was Babe, "as a professional fisherman", needing a stronger insect repellent because of his outdoor endeavors. Babe's fishing television series, Good Fishing, first hit the airwaves in 1980. This prompted him to start Babe Winkelman Productions Inc. and set up his own studio. For nearly 40 years he has owned the trademark,"Teaching America to Fish." The show was educational and involved his whole family. The show kept growing in size and covered the U.S. and Canada. During the 1980s, Babe authored a series of "how to" books on fishing, was the only person to use audio tapes to teach fishing, was the first to develop videos that taught fishing starting in 1984, and went on to produce nearly 100 different titles in the next decade.
Appearances
The Saturday Evening Post ran a feature on Babe in 1987. He was also featured in People Magazine in 1988, Midwest Living around 1990, and thousands of other newspaper and magazine articles, radio, and TV appearances. Excerpts of Good Fishing appeared three times on Married... with Children and about a dozen different movies. Babe was also a guest on Donny & Marie. 1988 was also the year Babe aired his second television series, Outdoor Secrets (hunting series), which was the first hunting show on the air since 1978. Winkelman spoke at a presidential rally for President George W. Bush in 2004.
Awards
In 1988, Babe was inducted into the Fresh Water Fishing Hall of Fame. In 1992, he was inducted into the Sports Legends Hall of Fame alongside professional boxer Evander Holyfield, baseball player Pete Rose, and 30 other athletes from around the world. Babe is the only outdoorsman ever to be inducted into this hall of fame. In 2001, he was inducted into the Fishing Hall of Fame of Minnesota. In 2007, he was given the Excellence in Craft award by the Outdoor Writers Association of America (OWAA), their most prestigious award for his work with television. Babe Winkelman's production company has won a couple hundred awards for production excellence, including 87 in a two-year span. This included the New York Film Festival, the WorldFest-Houston International Film Festival (for a commercial), and production awards including the Teddy, Addy, and the Golden Moose Awards. In 2013, Babe and Kris were nominated by Otter Tail County as Conservationists of the Year for the state of Minnesota. The award recognized the work they have done at some land they bought for hunting with the whole family in 2002 and turned it into a wilderness paradise. In 2015, Babe was inducted into the Legends of the Outdoors National Hall of Fame.
References
Sources
Biography of Babe Winkelman
Interview with Babe Winkelman - Gundogmag.com
Karlee Winkelman participates in cancer benefit - mnbound.com
External links
Babe Winkelman Productions
http://pursuitchannel.com/portfolio/babe-winkelmans-good-fishing/
http://www.destinationamerica.com/tv-shows/babe-winkelmans-good-fishing/
https://www.ispot.tv/ad/AXtQ/babe-winkelman-productions-app-daily-videos
Living people
American fishers
Fishing television series
People from Benton County, Minnesota
People from Cass County, Minnesota
People from Crow Wing County, Minnesota
1949 births |
17327833 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regimental%20Aid%20Post | Regimental Aid Post | In the British Army, Canadian Forces and other Commonwealth militaries, the Regimental Aid Post (RAP) is a front-line military medical establishment incorporated into an infantry battalion or armoured regiment for the immediate treatment and triage of battlefield casualties. In the US forces, the equivalent is the Battalion Aid Station.
The term has been used continuously since the First World War or earlier.
The RAP has traditionally been staffed by the unit's Medical Officer, a Medical NCO, and a small number of medical orderlies. Additionally, units have employed stretcher-bearers, and more recently trained medics, for the evacuation and immediate treatment of battlefield casualties.
The RAP has usually been the first stop in the evacuation chain for seriously injured personnel, who are then transported to casualty clearing stations and other larger medical units further to the rear. RAPs are not usually equipped to provide surgical treatment or long-term care.
See also
Aid station
Military medicine in the United Kingdom
Military medicine in Australia |
6901252 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arkansas%20Highway%20463 | Arkansas Highway 463 | Highway 463 (AR 463, Ark. 463 and Hwy. 463) is a north–south state highway in northeast Arkansas. The route of runs from Highway 14 very near I-555 at Payneway north to I-555/US 63B in Jonesboro. The route is a redesignation of former U.S. Route 63, which has since been rerouted onto US 49.
Route description
The route begins at a T intersection with Highway 14 at the unincorporated community of Payneway west of I-555. Highway 463 runs along a range line north to intersect Highway 214 before crossing the freeway and entering Trumann. Highway 463 intersects Highway 69S before passing the Maxie Theatre on the National Register of Historic Places. Further north, AR 463 has junctions with AR 198, AR 69, and AR 214 before exiting Trumann and entering Craighead County.
The route has an overlap with Highway 158 in Bay and a junction with I-555 before entering Jonesboro and terminating at I-555/US 63B.
Major intersections
See also
List of state highways in Arkansas
Arkansas Highway 163
Notes
References
External links
463
Transportation in Craighead County, Arkansas
Transportation in Poinsett County, Arkansas
Jonesboro, Arkansas
U.S. Route 63 |
23571608 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cantabile%20%28symphonic%20suite%29 | Cantabile (symphonic suite) | Cantabile is a work composed from 2004 to 2009 by Frederik Magle. It consists of three symphonic poems (or movements) based on poems written by Henrik, the Prince Consort of Denmark published in his book Cantabile. The Cantabile suite was commissioned by the Danish Royal Family and the first movement was premiered in 2004. The second and third movements were premiered on June 10, 2009 at a concert in the Copenhagen Concert Hall celebrating Prince Henrik's 75th birthday. On both occasions the music was performed by the Danish National Symphony Orchestra and Choir, conducted by Thomas Dausgaard.
The music alternates between the sorrowful, which - according to the Prince Consort's biography (2010) - being unexpected at a birthday concert, caused unease among some of the guests present at the first performance of the Cortège & Danse Macabre in 2009, and sudden bursts of humour.
Besides the original text by Prince Henrik in French, a Danish translation by Per Aage Brandt is also used in the work, and at places French and Danish is being sung at the same time.
Structure
The three symphonic poems/movements forming the suite are:
Souffle le vent (based on the poem Souffle le vent - English: Cry of the Winds)
Cortège & Danse Macabre (based on the poem Cortège funèbre (with the subtitle Danse Macabre) - English: Funeral procession / Dance of Death)
Carillon (based on the poems L'Angélus and Lacrymae mundi - English: The Angelus and Tears of the World)
Instrumentation
Orchestration:
3 Flutes (3rd: Piccolo)
2 Oboes (2nd: English Horn)
3 Clarinets,
1 Bass Clarinet
2 Bassoons
1 Contrabassoon
4 Horns
3 Trumpets
3 Trombones
1 Contrabass Tuba
Timpani
3 Percussionists
Harp
Piano (soloist, third movement only)
Organ
Soprano (Soloist)
Bass-baritone (Soloist)
Mixed Choir (S,S,A,A,T,T,B,B)
Strings
In the Carillon, the basses of the choir are required to sing the A below the bass-clef (27 notes below the middle C). Instruments of special note: The use of a giraffe's thigh bone as a percussion instrument in the Cortège & Danse Macabre.
References
External links
French and Danish texts, music downloads, etc.
Compositions by Frederik Magle
Symphonic poems
Orchestral suites
Music for orchestra and organ
2009 compositions
Choral compositions
21st-century classical music
Death in music
Music based on poems |
17327834 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chikgaw | Chikgaw | Chikgaw is a village in Chipwi Township in Myitkyina District in the Kachin State of north-eastern Burma.
References
Populated places in Kachin State
Chipwi Township |
6901264 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas%20Chatelle | Thomas Chatelle | Thomas Chatelle (born 31 March 1981 in Jette, Brussels) is a retired Belgian footballer, who last played for Mons. He normally played as a winger and has gained 3 caps for the Belgian national team.
His former clubs include Racing Genk, AA Gent, KV Mechelen, Anderlecht, Sint-Truiden and the Dutch club N.E.C. Thomas has two daughters.
Club career
Anderlecht
In January 2008, the former Racing Genk captain was sold to Anderlecht. At the start of the 2009-10 season, he scored a goal in the Champions League Third Round Qualifying against Turkish side Sivasspor.
On 29 January 2012, Chatelle left Anderlecht join to Sint-Truiden on loan. After the loan spell ended, he was released by Anderlecht when his contract ended and stayed without a club from the end of the 2011-12 season until November 2012, when Mons signed him as a free player to replace the injured Tim Matthys.
References
External links
1981 births
Living people
People from Jette
Belgian footballers
Belgium international footballers
Belgium youth international footballers
Belgium under-21 international footballers
Belgian expatriate footballers
K.A.A. Gent players
K.V. Mechelen players
K.R.C. Genk players
R.S.C. Anderlecht players
Sint-Truidense V.V. players
R.A.E.C. Mons players
Belgian First Division A players
NEC Nijmegen players
Eredivisie players
Expatriate footballers in the Netherlands
Association football midfielders
Footballers from Brussels |
6901265 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/This%20Jesus%20Must%20Die | This Jesus Must Die | "This Jesus Must Die" is a song from the 1970 album and 1971 rock opera Jesus Christ Superstar by Tim Rice and Andrew Lloyd Webber, which also appears in the film version of Jesus Christ Superstar, and on the album of the musical. In the 1973 film, it is sung primarily by Bob Bingham as Caiaphas and Kurt Yaghjian as Annas; and on the 1970 album, by Victor Brox as Caiaphas and Brian Keith as Annas, with Paul Raven and Tim Rice providing the voices of the priests. In the 2000 film it is sung by Frederick B. Owens as Caiaphas and Michael Shaeffer as Annas.
Theme
According to the official Jesus Christ Superstar website, in the song:
The song is noted for, after a slow beginning, launching into more of a "rock and roll" feel than many other songs in the musical, and being sung by a "growling bass-voiced Caiaphas and his screechy tenor minions". The song has also been described as "a throwback to pre-Second World War depictions" of "threatening Jews", although "their evil is somewhat modified". The priests sing a melody that comes from J. S. Bach's Bourrée in E minor.
{{quote|Rather than the self-interested, conspiratorial priests of the Gospel of Mark or DeMille's The King of Kings, Superstar'''s priests decide that "this Jesus must die ...for the sake of the nation". Their intention to avert a murderous crackdown on the Jewish people reflects the representation of the high priest in the last canonical gospel—John.}}
Indeed, the song begins with the Jewish priests fretting over the influence of the "rabble-rousing" Jesus, but merely plotting to have him arrested. It is Caiaphas who insists that the threat posed by a Roman crackdown, "our elimination, because of one man", can only be averted by the death of Jesus, which would deliver a demoralizing blow to the mob of mindless followers. The appearance of the song in the musical and in the film version of Jesus Christ Superstar is highlighted by an "emphasis on style". The film uses "low camera angles which give a distorted view of the priests", and "gives the priests extraordinary costumes", which includes "enormous, bizarrely shaped hats", black flowing robes, and "bare chests crossed by leather straps and chains".
References
External links
, Jesus Christ Superstar'', 2000 film
Songs from Jesus Christ Superstar
1971 songs
Songs with lyrics by Tim Rice
Songs with music by Andrew Lloyd Webber
Songs about Jesus |
20464736 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maastrichtian%20dialect | Maastrichtian dialect | Maastrichtian ( ) or Maastrichtian Limburgish ( ) is the dialect and variant of Limburgish spoken in the Dutch city of Maastricht alongside the Dutch language (with which it is not mutually intelligible). In terms of speakers, it is the most widespread variant of Limburgish, and it is a tonal one. Like many of the Limburgish dialects spoken in neighbouring Belgian Limburg, Maastrichtian retained many Gallo-Romance (French and Walloon) influences in its vocabulary.
The French influence can additionally be attributed to the historical importance of French with the cultural elite and educational systems as well as the historical immigration of Walloon labourers to the city. Despite being a specific variant of Limburgish, Maastrichtian remains mutually intelligible with other Limburgish variants, especially those of surrounding municipalities.
Whilst Maastrichtian is still widely spoken, regardless of social level, research has shown that it is suffering from a degree of dialect loss amongst younger generations. That is the case in dwindling of speakers but also in development of the dialect (dialect levelling) towards Standard Dutch (like the loss of local words and grammar).
Geographic distribution, social status and sociolects
Maatrichtian being a city dialect, the terminology "Maastrichtian" (Mestreechs) is practically limited to the municipal borders, with the exception of some places within the Maastrichtian municipality where the spoken dialects are in fact not Maastrichtian. These exceptions are previously separate villages and/or municipalities that have merged with the municipality of Maastricht namely Amby, Borgharen, Heer and Itteren.
The social status of Maastrichtian speakers is determined by the type of sociolect spoken by a certain person, with a division between Short Maastrichtian or Standard Maastrichtian (Kort Mestreechs, Standaardmestreechs) and Long/Stretched Maastrichtian (Laank Mestreechs). Short Maastrichtian is generally considered to be spoken by the upper and middle classes, whilst Long Maastrichtian is considered to be spoken by the working class.
A particular feature of Maastrichtian is that it gives its speakers a certain prestige. Research of the dialect showed that people talking the "purest" form of Maastrichtian, i.e. the Short Maastrichtian (Kort Mestreechs) sociolect, were perceived by others to be the well-educated ones.
Written Maastrichtian
The oldest known and preserved text in Maastrichtian dates from the 18th century. This text named Sermoen euver de Weurd Inter omnes Linguas nulla Mosa Trajestensi prastantior gehauwe in Mastreeg was presumably written for one of the carnival celebrations and incites people to learn Maastrichtian. As from the 19th century there are more written texts in Maastrichtian, again mostly oriented towards these carnival celebrations. Nowadays however, many other sources display written Maastrichtian, including song texts not written for carnival as well as books, poems, street signs etc.
Standardisation and official spelling
In 1999, the municipal government recognised a standardised spelling of Maastrichtian made by Pol Brounts and Phil Dumoulin as the official spelling of the dialect.
Dictionaries
Aarts, F. (2005). Dictionairke vaan 't Mestreechs. (2nd ed.). Maastricht, the Netherlands: Stichting Onderweg.
Brounts P., Chambille G., Kurris J., Minis T., Paulissen H. & Simais M. (2004). De Nuie Mestreechsen Dictionair. Maastricht, the Netherlands: Veldeke-Krink Mestreech.
Online Dutch to Maastrichtian translation version of De Nuie Mestreechsen Dictionair
Other literature on Maastrichtian
Aarts, F. (2001). Mestreechs. Eus Moojertoal: 'ne Besjrijving vaan 't dialek vaan Meestreech. Maastricht, the Netherlands: Veldeke-Krink.
Aarts, F. (2009). 't Verhaol vaan eus Taol. Maastricht, the Netherlands: Stichting Onderweg.
Aarts, F. (2019). Liergaank Mestreechs: 'ne Cursus euver de Mestreechter Toal. Maastricht, the Netherlands.
Local anthem
In 2002, the municipal government officially adopted a local anthem (Mestreechs Volksleed) composed by lyrics in Maastrichtian. The theme had originally been written by Alfons Olterdissen (1865–1923) as finishing stanza of the Maastrichtian opera "Trijn de Begijn" of 1910. There are claims that the anthem actually originates from "Pe-al nostru steag e scris Unire" by the Romanian composer Ciprian Porumbescu.
Wikimedia
Wikipedia: Maastrichtian is included in the Limburgish Wikipedia. Since there are only standardised 'variants' of Limburgish but no widely accepted/recognised standardised Limburgish itself, each article is tagged as being written in a certain variant of the language. All articles in Maastrichtian can be found here.
Wiktionary: For an overview of some Maastrichtian dialect specific words, their English translations and their origins proceed to this Wiktionary category.
Phonology
As many other Limburgish dialects, the Maastrichtian dialect features a distinction between Accent 1 and Accent 2, limited to stressed syllables. The former can be analyzed as lexically toneless, whereas the latter as an underlying high tone. Phonetically, syllables with Accent 2 are considerably longer. An example of a minimal pair is 'to rinse' vs. 'to play'. The difference is not marked in the orthography, so that both of those words are spelled speule.
are bilabial, whereas are labiodental.
is realized as a bilabial approximant in the onset and as labio-velar in the coda. In this article, both are transcribed with , following the recommendations of Carlos Gussenhoven regarding transcribing the corresponding Standard Dutch phone.
can be analysed as .
The phonetic value of the symbol is far removed from its canonical IPA value , being a close-mid central vowel: . All of the vowels labelled as close-mid in the table are phonetically close-mid, including and .
The long mid monophthongs are monophthongal when combined with Accent 2. When combined with Accent 1, they are all diphthongal: . Phonologically, the first three are close-mid monophthongs , whereas the latter two are diphthongs . Elsewhere in the article, the diphthongality of the first three is ignored and they are always transcribed with .
The open-mid front is diphthongized to in words with Accent 2 when it is a realization of the underlying . The underlying does not participate in tonal distinction, and neither do and .
has mostly merged with under the influence of Standard Dutch. A phonemic appears in French loanwords such as tête 'idiot'. Most phonetic instances of in the dialect are monophthongized .
The open-mid contrast not only with the close-mid but also with the open in (near)-minimal pairs such as eus 'ours' vs. struis vs. käös 'choice'.
occurs only in unstressed syllables.
Orthography
Vocabulary
Maastrichtian contains many specific words ample or not used in other Limburgish dialects some being creolisations/"limburgisations" of Dutch, French and German words while others cannot be directly subscribed to one of these languages.
(Historical) Vocabulary influences from other languages
Maastrichtian vocabulary, as the language family it belongs to suggests, is based on the Germanic languages (apart from the Limburgish language family this also includes varying degrees of influence from both archaic and modern Dutch and German). However, what sets Maastrichtian apart from other variants of Limburgish is its relatively strong influences from French. This is not only because of geographic closeness of a Francophone region (namely Wallonia) to Maastricht but also because of French being the predominant spoken language of the Maastrichtian cultural elite and the higher secondary educational system of the region in the past. Some examples:
Francophone influence
Germanophone influence
Other examples of Maastrichtian vocabulary
Some examples of specific Maastrichtian vocabulary:
Expressions and Titles
Some examples of Maastrichtian expressions:
References
Bibliography
Further reading
External links
Veldeke Krink Mestreech site in Maastrichtian
Central Limburgish dialects
Culture of Limburg (Netherlands)
Culture in Maastricht
Languages of the Netherlands
Low Franconian languages
City colloquials |
20464758 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Racing%20Club%20Vichy | Racing Club Vichy | Racing Club Vichy is a French semi-professional rugby union team. They currently play at the Fédérale 2.
External links
Racing Club Vichy Official Site
Vichy |
23571621 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Worldbeat%20%28album%29 | Worldbeat (album) | Worldbeat is the debut album by Kaoma, released in 1989. It provided three hit singles, two of them achieving success worldwide: "Lambada", "Dançando Lambada" and "Mélodie d'amour". The album is composed of songs in Portuguese, Spanish and English. It was ranked in the top 25 in Switzerland, Germany, Norway, Australia and Austria. It topped the Billboard Latin Pop in the U.S.
Critical reception
The album received generally positive reviews from critics. AllMusic wrote: "Not outstanding but definitely appealing, this CD effectively combines South American elements with dance music/disco, reggae and hip-hop. One hears Chic's influence on the funky 'Sopenala'."
Track listings
"Lambada" — 3:27
"Lambareggae" — 3:52
"Dançando Lambada" — 4:44
"Lambamor" — 4:09
"Lamba caribe" — 4:07
"Mélodie d'amour" — 4:11
"Sindiang" — 3:58
"Sopenala" — 4:28
"Jambé finète (grille)" — 4:26
"Salsa nuestra" — 4:38
Charts
Weekly charts
Year-end charts
Certifications and sales
See also
List of number-one Billboard Latin Pop Albums from the 1990s
List of best-selling Latin albums
References
1989 debut albums
Kaoma albums |
6901269 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nguy%E1%BB%85n%20H%E1%BB%93ng%20Nh%E1%BB%8B | Nguyễn Hồng Nhị | Nguyễn Hồng Nhị (1936 – 26 November 2021) was a MiG-21 fighter ace of the Vietnam People's Air Force's 921st Fighter Regiment.
Nguyễn was amongst the first group of VPAF pilots selected from the 910th Air Training Regiment to train in the Soviet Union to fly in the new MiG-21 fighter jet. He was the very first VPAF MiG-21 pilot to shoot down an enemy aircraft on 4 March 1966. Eight kills have been attributed to him with three confirmed by the United States Air Force. However, it was common practice for the American side to claim that their aircraft were downed by surface-to-air missiles or anti-aircraft guns, which is considered "less embarrassing" than losing in a dogfight/air-to-air combat to the enemy pilot.
On 01 August 1968, he and two other MiG-21 pilots, Nguyen Dang Kinh and Phan Van Mao, flew out in a newly-devised trio formation from Tho Xuan, and encountered USN F-4 Phantoms and F-8 Crusaders. While successfully shooting down an F-8 with his second R-3S AAM after the first one missed, he engaged in a dogfight with the other F-8. He succeeded in targeting the F-8 in his sights, but his weapons system failed to properly engage due to what he believed were electrical problems. Two more F-8s then arrived, firing two Sidewinders that succeeded in shooting down Nguyen, who then safely ejected from his stricken MiG-21; his downing was credited to F-8H pilot Lt. McCoy of VF-51, USS Bon Homme Richard.
The following aerial victories include kills known to be credited to him by the VPAF:
04 March 1966, a USAF Ryan 147 (AQM-34) Firebee/Lightning Bug drone (first-ever confirmed kill by a VPAF MiG-21 pilot);
14 March 1966, another AQM-34 Firebee/Lightning Bug;
31 August 1967, a USAF RF-4C (US-side does not confirm);
10 September 1967, a USAF RF-101C (US-side does not confirm);
26 September 1967, a USAF F-4D (US-side does not confirm);
09 October 1967, a USAF F-105D (pilot Clements, POW);
07 November 1967, a USAF F-105D (pilot Diehl, KIA);
17 December 1967, a USAF F-105 (US-side does not confirm);
01 August 1968, a USN F-8 (US-side does not confirm).
See also
List of Vietnam War flying aces
Weapons of the Vietnam War
References
Bibliography
External links
Ace Pilots of the Vietnam War
Flying Ghosts, History of Vietnam Airlines by Michael Buckley
"National image gets blurred"
1936 births
2021 deaths
North Vietnamese military personnel of the Vietnam War
North Vietnamese Vietnam War flying aces
Shot-down aviators |
20464773 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsarigradsko%20shose | Tsarigradsko shose | Tsarigradsko shose () is the largest boulevard in the capital of Bulgaria, Sofia. The boulevard provides grade-separated dual carriageway in almost its entire length of 11.4 km, running from the north-west to the south-east. It begins in the city center, at Orlov Most (Eagle's Bridge), before which it is called Tsar Osvoboditel Boulevard. In its east end, at the Sofia Ring Road, the boulevard becomes part of the Trakia motorway (A1). The maximum allowed speed on Tsarigradsko shose is 80 km/h between Orlov Most and Gorublyane neighbourhood.
To the south the boulevard borders with Sofia's largest park, the Borisova Gradina, which hosts the Vasil Levski National Stadium and Bulgarian Army Stadium. A number of departments of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences are situated along the road in the area of the Fourth Kilometer Square, as well as the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the Polygraphic plant, Arena Armeec, Sofia Tech Park and several hotels including the emblematic Pliska Hotel. In the outskirts of the city there are a lot of hypermarkets and office buildings constructed along the boulevard. Reconstruction and resurfacing are ongoing since 2013 to improve safety and comfort.
On April 25, 2012, Tsarigradsko shose Metro Station started operation with large underground park-and-ride. Nearby the metro station, the highrise of Capital Fort was completed in 2015.
The boulevard bears the old Bulgarian name of the city of Istanbul (medieval Constantinople), Tsarigrad, as it leads southeastwards out of the city, towards Plovdiv and Istanbul.
Gallery
Streets in Sofia |
20464789 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platax%20pinnatus | Platax pinnatus | Platax pinnatus, also known as the pinnate spadefish, pinnate batfish, pinnatus batfish, dusky batfish, shaded batfish, or red-faced batfish is a fish from the western Pacific that occasionally is kept in marine aquariums.
Description
As a juvenile it is blackish brown, or black with an orange stripe outlining its entire body. Adults become a dull silver. This fish grows to a maximum size of .
Importance to humans
In the aquarium
The pinnate batfish is occasionally kept in marine aquariums.
In the wild
Platax pinnatus has been observed to significantly reduce algal growths on coral in studies simulating overfishing on the Great Barrier Reef.
References
fishbase Page on Platax pinnatus
page on Platax pinnatus
about.com page on Platax pinnatus
External links
Ephippidae
Fish of the Pacific Ocean
Fish described in 1758
Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus |
6901271 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerald%20Nicosia | Gerald Nicosia | Gerald Nicosia (born November 18, 1949 in Berwyn, Illinois) is an American author, poet, journalist, interviewer, and literary critic. He is based in Marin County, California.
About
Nicosia received a B.A. and an M.A. in English and American Literature, with Highest Distinction in English, from the University of Illinois at Chicago in 1971 and 1973 respectively.
Nicosia has written book reviews for the past 25 years for many major American newspapers, including The Washington Post, the Chicago Tribune, The Kansas City Star, the San Francisco Chronicle, the Oakland Tribune, and the Los Angeles Times.
Nicosia is best known as a biographer of Jack Kerouac. His highly regarded Memory Babe: A Critical Biography of Jack Kerouac (1983) was reissued in March 2022 with new material by Noodlebrain Press. He had also been an advocate and supporter of the late Jan Kerouac, Jack's estranged daughter. In January 2009, Nicosia edited and published Jan Kerouac: A Life in Memory, containing photos and written essays and remembrances about her.
In 2001, Nicosia's book Home to War was published and covers the problems faced by Vietnam Veterans returning to an ungrateful nation. It also discusses the battle to stop the use of Agent Orange.
In 2020, Nicosia's book "BEAT Scrapbook" was published by coolgrove press. It contains highly personal poems by the author, many of which poems are addressed to Beat literary icons Nicosia knew as colleagues and friends.
Nicosia is currently working on a full-length critical biography of the pioneer black writer Ntozake Shange, which will be published by St. Martin’s Press.
Bibliography
Bughouse Blues (Vantage Press, 1977)
Memory Babe (Grove Press, 1983, reprint: University of California Press, 1994)
Lunatics, Lovers, Poets, Vets & Bargirls (Host Publications, 1991)
Home to War (Carroll & Graf, 2001, new edition, 2004)
Love, California Style (12 Gauge Press, 2002)
Jan Kerouac: A Life in Memory (Noodlebrain Press, Corte Madera, CA; 2009)
One and Only: The Untold Story of "On the Road Co-authored by Anne Marie Santos (Berkeley: Cleis Press/Viva Editions, 2011)
Night Train to Shanghai (Grizzly Peak Press, Kensington, CA; 2014)
The Last Days of Jan Kerouac (Noodlebrain Press, 2016)
Kerouac: The Last Quarter Century (Noodlebrain Press, 2019)
BEAT Scrapbook (coolgrove press, Brooklyn, NY, 2020)
References
External links
Official Website
PEN Oakland Official Website
Interview with Gerald Nicosia by Jonah Raskin, The Rag Blog, April 26, 2012]
Beat Scrapbook Book Review by Jim Feast, Sensitive Skin Magazine, September 9, 2020
Review of Beat Scrapbook by Jeff Kaliss, Mill Valley Literary Review, Issue #19.
American biographers
American literary critics
Living people
1949 births
University of Illinois Chicago alumni
Jack Kerouac
People from Berwyn, Illinois
20th-century American journalists
American male journalists
American male non-fiction writers |
6901276 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yakov%20Polonsky | Yakov Polonsky | Yakov Petrovich Polonsky (; ) was a leading Pushkinist poet who tried to uphold the waning traditions of Russian Romantic poetry during the heyday of realistic prose.
Of noble birth, Polonsky attended the Moscow University, where he befriended Apollon Grigoryev and Afanasy Fet. Three young and promising poets wrote pleasing and elegant poems, emulating Pushkin and Mikhail Lermontov. He graduated from the university in 1844, publishing his first collection of poems the same year. Polonsky's early poetry is generally regarded as his finest; one of his first published poems was even copied by Nikolai Gogol into his notebook.
Unlike some other Russian poets, Polonsky did not belong to an affluent family. In order to provide for his relatives, he joined the office of Prince Vorontsov, first at Odessa and then (1846–51) at Tiflis. The spectacular nature of the Black Sea coast strengthened his predilection for Romanticism. Polonsky turned his attention to the Caucasian subjects and descriptions of lush nature, treated in the manner reminiscent of Lermontov (although he also wrote parodies of his poems). Nocturnal scenes especially appealed to him; in fact, one of his best known poems is called Georgian Night.
In 1849, Polonsky paid homage to the mountaineer folklore in his collection Sazandar. His verse epistle to Leo Pushkin (the poet's brother), known as A Stroll through Tiflis (1846), was written with more attention to realistic detail. In 1851, Polonsky moved to Saint Petersburg, where he was invited to edit the literary journal Russkoye Slovo. He soon gave up journalistic activities and continued his career at the censorship department. At that period, Polonsky would increasingly venture into social themes, without producing anything of lasting value. He was the last luminary of the 1840s still active in St. Petersburg of the 1890s, maintaining correspondence with such younger writers as Anton Chekhov. He died at the age of 78 and was buried in his native Ryazan.
Although Polonsky was highly regarded in his own day, his reputation has been in predictable decline during the last brutal century and a half. His most popular pieces are lyrical songs, notably Sleigh Bell (1854), "in which the sound of a sleigh bell evokes a dream state and images of lost love". Unsurprisingly, many of his poems were set to music by Russian composers including Alexander Dargomyzhsky, Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky, Igor Stravinsky, Sergei Rachmaninoff, Sergei Taneyev, and Anton Rubinstein. He also provided the libretto of Vakula the Smith after Gogol, intended for Alexander Serov, finally made into a competition piece and set by Tchaikovsky (1874), who reworked it later as Cherevichki.
References
External links
1819 births
1898 deaths
Russian male poets
Russian opera librettists
Pushkin Prize winners
People from Ryazan
Moscow State University alumni
Russian male dramatists and playwrights
19th-century poets
19th-century dramatists and playwrights from the Russian Empire
19th-century male writers from the Russian Empire |
23571626 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RealNetworks | RealNetworks | RealNetworks, Inc. is a provider of artificial intelligence and computer vision based products. RealNetworks was a pioneer in Internet streaming software and services. They are based in Seattle, Washington, United States. The company also provides subscription-based online entertainment services and mobile entertainment and messaging services.
History
RealNetworks (then known as Progressive Networks) was founded in 1994 by Rob Glaser, an ex-Microsoft executive, and a management team including Phil Barrett, Andy Sharpless, and Stephen Buerkle. The original goal of the company was to provide a distribution channel for politically progressive content. It evolved into a technology venture to leverage the Internet as an alternative distribution medium for audio broadcasts. Progressive Networks became RealNetworks in September 1997, in advance of the company's initial public offering (IPO) in October 1997 when shares of the company started trading on Nasdaq as "RNWK".
RealNetworks were pioneers in the streaming media markets and broadcast one of the earlier audio events over the Internet, a baseball game between the New York Yankees and Seattle Mariners on September 5, 1995. They announced streaming video technology in 1997. According to some accounts, by 2000 more than 85% of streaming content on the Internet was in the Real format.
Despite this success, problems arose because RealNetworks's primary business model depended upon the sale of streaming media server software, and Microsoft and Apple were giving those products away. As servers from Microsoft and Apple became more capable, Real's server sales inevitably eroded.
In RealNetworks, Inc. v. Streambox, Inc. in January 2000, RealNetworks filed an injunction against Streambox, Inc. regarding the that company's product designed to convert Real Audio (.rm) formatted files to other formats. On December 4, 2001, the company was to launch the first coordinated effort to sell and deliver music from major record labels over the Internet, part of a broader initiative by the company to develop subscription Internet services aimed at Web users with fast Internet connections. In 2002, a strategic alliance was formed between RealNetworks and Sony Corporation to expand collaboration.
In October 2005, Microsoft agreed to pay RealNetworks $460 million to settle an antitrust lawsuit.
In August 2003, RealNetworks acquired Listen.com's Rhapsody music service, and renamed it RealRhapsody. It offered streaming music downloads for a monthly fee. In January 2004, RealNetworks announced the RealPlayer Music Store, featuring digital rights management (DRM) restricted music in the AAC file format. After some initial tries to push their own DRM scheme (named Helix DRM) onto all device manufacturers with the Creative Zen Xtra and the Sansa e200r as the only existing compliant devices, they sparked controversy by introducing a technology called Harmony that allowed their music to play on iPods as well as Microsoft Windows Media Audio DRM-equipped devices using a "wrapper" that would convert Helix DRM into the two other target DRM schemes.
The domain real.com attracted at least 67 million visitors annually by 2008, according to a Compete.com study.
On April 6, 2010, Rhapsody was spun off from RealNetworks.
In July 2013, RealNetworks acquired Slingo for $15.6 million. The company introduced a mobile phone app called Listen in April 2014 that plays custom ringtones to those calling the user's phone.
Notable RealNetworks employees have included Alex Alben; the first Chief Privacy Officer of Washington State; Tony Fadell, the inventor of the iPod; musician Daniel House; and Philip Rosedale, the founder of Linden Lab.
Headquarters
RealNetworks has its headquarters in Seattle, Washington, in the Home Plate Center building in SoDo across from T-Mobile Park, sharing the building with local television station KING-TV and Logic 20/20 Consulting.
Products and services
SAFR
Launched by RealNetworks on July 17, 2018, SAFR – Secure Accurate Facial Recognition, is a machine learning facial recognition platform. The SAFR platform was updated in 2020 with COVID-19 response features, including the ability to detect whether a person is wearing a mask and identify people wearing masks with 98.85 percent accuracy. On April 27, 2021, SAFR received a grant from the US Air Force to develop its AI-powered analytics for rescue missions, perimeter protection and domestic search operations.
Kontxt
In 2017, RealNetworks launched Kontxt, a product that offers management of text messaging in mobile networks. It identifies the content of the message and sorts it into categories to determine which ones are more important, and prioritize message delivery. In March 2021, RealNetworks unveiled KONTXT for Voice to identify and stop scam robocalls.
RealTimes (formerly RealPlayer Cloud)
RealNetworks on September 24, 2013 launched RealPlayer Cloud, a service that adds the ability to share videos recorded on smartphones and tablets. RealPlayer Cloud ties into the existing RealPlayer; however, it also has a Web app and apps for Android, iOS and Roku. The service has 2GB of free cloud storage and more storage for a monthly fee. It was renamed to RealTimes on May 19, 2015, with a new focus on creating and sharing "Stories"—video collages of users' personal photos and videos, set to background music.
GameHouse
RealNetworks entered the computer game market in October 2001 with RealArcade, a PC game distribution application that allows users to play casual video games for free for 60 minutes, then decide if they want to purchase it. Many of the games were developed by GameHouse, which RealNetworks acquired for $35.6 million in 2004. In 2010, RealNetworks re-branded its games division under the name Gamehouse. It began focusing on social games, such as Facebook applets, and in 2013 acquired casual casino games company, Slingo, for $15.6 million.
RealDVD
On September 30, 2008, RealNetworks launched a new product called RealDVD. The software allows any user to save a copy of a DVD movie they own. The company was later found to have violated the Digital Millennium Copyright Act and RealNetworks' contract with the DVD Copy Control Association, as the software also allowed anyone to save a movie they do not legally own. (See RealNetworks, Inc. v. DVD Copy Control Ass'n, Inc.). The product's distribution was barred by a court injunction.
Real Alternative
Real Alternative is a discontinued software bundle that allows users to play RealMedia files without installing RealPlayer. The last version, 2.02, was released on February 19, 2010. It included Media Player Classic.
Beginning in 2010, RealNetworks sued Hilbrand Edskes, a 26-year-old Dutch webmaster for having inserted hyperlinks to Real Alternative on his site www.codecpack.nl. RealNetworks alleges that Real Alternative is a reverse engineered package.
In November 2011, RealNetworks' case against Edskes was dismissed and RealNetworks was ordered to pay him €48,000 in damages. Details of the case and judgement have been published. The case was reopened in 2013, when further proof showed that Edskes was after all involved in creating and uploading Real Alternative.
Helix
Helix is a suite of streaming media software and services intended for digital TV set-top boxes, mobile devices, as well as QuickTime, Flash and other programs. It includes the Helix open-source code and the Helix Universal Server, which hosts, distributes and manages digital rights for multimedia content. Helix competes with the Windows Media 9 Series from Microsoft, but has a greater emphasis on open-source. Helix was announced in July 2002. Support for mobile devices was added in November 2005. It was discontinued in October 2014.
Subscription services
In 2000, one of the initial products, the download manager RealDownload, was already used for pushing small software, such as games, to subscribers' computers. On top of the subscription for RealDownload and using its RealVideo streaming technology, a service called GoldPass, including unlimited access for video snippets from ABC and movie previews, was offered to registered users for a monthly $10 fee. More content was added through deals with CBS for the reality show Big Brother and NBA basketball.
Other products and technologies
RealAudio, a compressed audio format
RealDownloader, a download manager
RealPlayer, a media player
RealVideo, a compressed video format
Rinse, a digital music library cleanup tool
Unifi, a personal cloud media service
Mobile entertainment and messaging services for mobile carriers
See also
United States v. ASCAP
Trymedia
References
External links
Entertainment companies of the United States
Streaming software
Software companies based in Seattle
Mass media companies established in 1994
Software companies established in 1994
American companies established in 1994
1994 establishments in Washington (state)
Companies listed on the Nasdaq
Software companies of the United States |
23571628 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C8H18O2 | C8H18O2 | {{DISPLAYTITLE:C8H18O2}}
The molecular formula C8H18O2 (molar mass: 146.22 g/mol) may refer to:
Di-tert-butyl peroxide
2-Hexoxyethanol
Etohexadiol, an ectoparasiticide
Octanediols
1,2-Octanediol
1,8-Octanediol |
23571629 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wonhyo%20Bridge | Wonhyo Bridge | The Wonhyo Bridge crosses the Han River in South Korea and connects the districts of Yongsan-gu and Yeongdeungpo-gu. The bridge was completed in . It was the 13th to be built on the Han River.
History
July 1978: Construction started
October 27, 1981: Wonhyo Bridge opened
December 10, 1981: Introduction of toll fees
February 1, 1983: Dongah Construction donated Wonhyo Bridge to the Seoul Metropolitan City, and collection of toll fees discontinued
Toll Fees
Toll fees were collected from December 10, 1981, but the flow of traffic was rather low, as vehicles avoided crossing the bridge due to the imposition of the toll fees. In fact, the toll fees collected were barely adequate to supply power for the street lamps, and on February 1, 1983, Dongah Construction donated the bridge to Seoul Metropolitan City. After the ownership rights were donated, the toll gates were removed.
Film Appearances
Wonhyo Bridge was selected as the set for a fighting scene included in the 2006 Korean film The Host directed by Bong Joon-ho. In the movie, Wonhyo Bridge was where the creature was hiding, and where the daughter of the main character was kidnapped. The reason for selecting this location was that it fit well with the film's concept of a sewer under a bridge, and the external appearance of Wonhyo Bridge is more dynamic than other bridges, and this added tension.
References
Yeouido
Yongsan District
Bridges in Seoul
Bridges completed in 1981
Bridges over the Han River (Korea) |
23571635 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motorcycle%20hooliganism | Motorcycle hooliganism | Motorcycle hooliganism includes street racing, street stunting, and games of tag on public roads, or simply cruising, often in very large numbers, against local ordinances.
Demographics
Historian Jeremy Packer wrote that the newest motorcycle "gangs" are unlike the outlaw motorcycle clubs widely reported in the media since the late 1940s. They now ride sport bikes, often customized in the streetfighter style, rather than cruisers, passing through both rural and urban areas, playing "elaborate games of tag and follow the leader, continually pushing each other to ride harder." Besides being younger and favoring high-performance motorcycles, these groups are "loosely affiliated and come together mostly to ride." Traditional outlaw motorcycle clubs are known for having detailed charters and membership lists, prescribing codes of behavior, dress, type and brand of motorcycle members may ride, and vigorously enforcing procedures for admitting new members, banishing members who break club rules, and protecting the club's territory and name from anyone falsely pretending to be a member.
Packer wrote in 2008 that media attention, such as the popular A&E television documentary The Wild Ride of the Outlaw Bikers (1999) and the Guggenheim show The Art of the Motorcycle, erroneously only covered the baby boomer Harley-Davidson rider culture, failing to note a shift in demographics, bikes, and behavior. Packer said this promotes the Harley-Davidson brand and promotes "a type of motorcycle affiliation that is palatable, family friendly, and marketable" as part of a narrative that outlaw bikers, "though once a dangerous element, are now a useful and even valuable part of society." The StarPhoenix of Saskatoon wrote that the new marketing push to "transform motorcycling into an acceptable, mainstream pastime" has led to young riders rebelling.
In Los Angeles and New York City, some affluent urban motorcycle owners are self-described hooligans, or display motorcycles described as "hooligan chic" and an "object of fetish consumerism."
Behaviors
Hooligans engage in many types of unlawful behavior.
Vandalism, theft and petty crime
In South and Southeast Asia, thieves use motorcycles in the act of purse snatching.
Racing on public roads
Racing has been implicated in a number of deaths, and is targeted by law enforcement in North America, Asia and Europe.
Stunting on public roads
The fact that many stunters perform their stunts on public roads draws the ire of other motorcyclists and lawmakers. They intentionally draw a lot of attention to their apparently reckless behavior, and other motorcyclists, especially sportbike riders, feel that stunters give all riders a reputation for being irresponsible and dangerous to others.
Riding nude
While clothing-optional bicycling is allowed in many places, similar behavior by motorcyclists is often seen as reckless and has even led to accidents when the rider was stung by an insect.
Nude rider complaints are recorded in Coventry, England, where 21 riders proceeded naked through the town; Salt Lake City; Murfreesboro, Tennessee (claimed to be the first nude motorcycle rally); Providence, Rhode Island; and southern Sweden.
Cruising
In some jurisdictions, the act of cruising is unlawful.
In Malaysia, over 100,000 outlaw motorcyclists called Mat Rempit are reported to cruise and race on the streets every night.
Unlicensed riding
Riders, including under-age youth, without a valid driver's license, have been described as "dangerous and illegal" and "hooligans."
Street stunt riders on unlicensed dirtbikes are reported to be a problem in Baltimore, Maryland.
Speeding
Speeding is often referred to as a "hooligan" activity due to inherent risk to the public.
"Hooligan" motorcycles
Some types of motorcycles or specific models associated with hooligan behavior are informally referred to as "hooligan" motorcycles.
Notable examples
In Seattle in 2010, a Washington State Patrol highway police trooper rolled his patrol car while chasing speeding motorcyclists, who then returned to jeer and taunt him. The motorcyclists said they were engaging in a semi-organized mass ride. The event attracted much media attention.
In September 2013, public awareness of motorcycle hooliganism in America was increased when a video was uploaded to live leak showing a violent altercation between a family riding in an SUV and a group of motorcyclists in New York City. The bikers were participating in an annual unsanctioned rally called the "Hollywood Block Party". Over 1000 motorcycles, quads, and other vehicles participated in the 2012 rally a year prior, according to New York Police Commissioner Ray Kelly. The rally involved performing stunts and driving through Times Square, which has been illegal since it was pedestrianized in 2009.
The incident began when a sport utility vehicle (SUV) driven by motorist Alexian Lien was involved in light bumper contact with motorcyclist Christopher Cruz. Cruz reportedly sustained minor injuries. In the video, Cruz merges in front of Lien and slows dramatically, apparently causing the collision. Following the incident, authorities familiar with such organized rides stated that Cruz was not attempting to cause a collision, but was attempting to slow traffic in order to clear a section of roadway to perform stunts on their motorcycles.
Lien and many of the motorcyclists stopped their vehicles. The video shows many of the bikers gathering around the Range Rover driven by Lien. Police reported that the bikers were beating on the vehicle and punctured a tire. Lien accelerated to escape, reportedly driving over 3 motorcycles and a rider, named Edwin Mieses, who had dismounted and was in front of the Range Rover. Mieses was severely injured, including a fractured spine and punctured lung. The bikers then chased after the SUV for several miles before pulling Lien from the vehicle and assaulting him.
The video of the incident quickly went viral and received widespread news coverage. Other videos of packs of bikers driving recklessly and performing stunts surfaced following the heavy news coverage. One video in particular shows a group of bikers threatening the driver of a Prius. The bikers beat on the window of his car, but the driver was unharmed.
A total of 15 people were arrested, 55 motorcycles were confiscated, and 69 summonses were issued in connection with the September 29th event. Nine suspects have been charged in connection with the attack. In December 2013, Lien filed a civil suit against the city of New York for the involvement of an off-duty police detective in the attack. The suit accused the police department of failing to properly train their officers.
Legislation has since been proposed that would require permits and prior notification of such rallies. The legislation was inspired by the September 29 incident as well as the death of Marian Kurshik, 78, in December 2013 after being struck by a motorcycle traveling in a pack and performing stunts. The driver of the motorcycle was also killed in the accident. "His feet was on the seat; the front wheel pulled up. He was going very fast," said a bystander. "This not only, I think, protects pedestrians. I think it also protects the motorcyclists themselves," said state senator Andriano Espaillat.
See also
12 O'Clock Boys
Mat Rempit
Notes
References
External links
Hooliganism
Hazardous motor vehicle activities |
6901280 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fergal%20McCormack | Fergal McCormack | Fergal McCormack (born 17 December 1974) is an Irish hurling coach and former hurler. He played for North Cork club Mallow and was a member of the Cork senior hurling team for eight seasons, during which time he usually lined out at centre-forward.
McCormack began his hurling career at club level with Mallow. He broke onto the club's top adult team as a 17-year-old in 1992 before later winning a Cork Under-21 Championship with the Mallow under-21 football team. McCormack made 57 championship appearances in three different grades of hurling for the club, while his early prowess also saw him selected for the Avondhu divisional team, with whom he won the Cork Senior Championship title in 1996.
At inter-county level, Landers enjoyed an unsuccessful tenure with the Cork minor and under-21 teams before later winning an All-Ireland Championship with the junior team in 1994. He joined the Cork senior team in 1995. From his debut, McCormack was ever-present as a midfielder or centre-forward and made a combined total of 48 National League and Championship appearances in a career that ended with his last game in 2002. During that time he was part of the All-Ireland Championship-winning team in 1999. McCormack also secured two Munster Championship medals and a National Hurling League medal. After leaving the Cork senior team in 2002 he returned to the inter-county scene as a member of the Kerry senior hurling team in 2008.
At inter-provincial level, McCormack was selected to play in two championship campaigns with Munster, however, his tenure with the team ended with a Railway Cup medal.
Playing career
St. Colman's College
McCormack played in all grades of hurling with St. Colman's College in Fermoy before progressing onto the college's senior team. On 15 March 1992, he lined out at centre-back when St. Colman's College defeated St. Flannan's College from Ennis by 3-14 to 3-11 to win their first Harty Cup title in fifteen year. McCormack was again at centre-back when St. Colman's College faced St. Kieran's College from Kilkenny in the All-Ireland final. Flanked by Johnny Sheehan and Ian Lynch, the half-back line was described in the Cork Examiner as "very impressive", however, St. Colman's were defeated by 1-07 to 0-08.
Waterford Regional Technical College
On 13 March 1994, McCormack lined out at centre-back for Waterford Regional Technical College when they suffered a 2-12 to 1-11 defeat by the University of Limerick in the Fitzgibbon Cup final.
McCormack was selected for the Waterford RTC team again for the 1995 Fitzgibbon Cup campaign. On 5 March, he was at centre-back when the team defeated University College Dublin by 3-15 to 1-04 to claim the title for the second time in three years.
Mallow
Minor and under-21
McCormack joined the Mallow club at a young age and played both hurling and Gaelic football in all grades at juvenile and underage levels. On 18 October 1992, he scored two points from centre-back when the Mallow minor hurling team suffered a 2-13 to 0-11 defeat by St. Finbarr's in the final of the Cork Minor Championship.
McCormack subsequently progressed onto the Mallow under-21 team as a dual player. On 13 November 1994, he lined out at centre-back with the Mallow under-21 hurling team when St. Finbarr's again defeated Mallow by 4-13 to 5-03 to win the Cork Under-21 Championship.
On 22 October 1995, McCormack was at midfield when the Mallow under-21 football team faced Naomh Abán in the final of the Cork Under-21 Championship.
Intermediate
McCormack was still eligible for the minor grade when he was drafted onto the Mallow intermediate team for the 1992 Championship. He made his first appearance for the team on 22 May in a 1-13 to 1-09 defeat of Ballincollig.
On 21 October 2001, McCormack lined out at centre-forward when Mallow faced Killeagh in the final of the Cork Intermediate Championship. He scored two points from play in the 2-14 apiece draw. McCormack was again at centre-back for the replay on 4 November which Killeagh won by 3-09 to 2-08.
McCormack played his last game for the Mallow intermediate team on 24 July 2010.
Junior
After stepping away from Mallow's top adult team, McCormack continued to line out with the club's junior team. On 17 November 2018, he scored six points after being introduced as a half-time substitute at full-forward when Mallow suffered a 2-16 to 3-11 defeat by Watergrasshill in the final of the Cork Inter-Divisional Junior B Championship.
Avondhu
McCormack was added to the Avondhu divisional hurling team for the 1992 Championship. He made his first appearance on 21 June in a 2-11 to 0-06 defeat by University College Cork.
On 22 September 1996, McCormack was at midfield when Avondhu drew 1-12 apiece with Imokilly in the final of the Cork Senior Championship. He lined out in the same position for the replay on 6 October and collected a winners' medal following the 0-13 to 1-08 victory.
Cork
Minor and under-21
McCormack first lined out for Cork as a member of the minor team during the 1991 Munster Championship. He made his first appearance for the team as a 16-year-old on 16 April when he lined out at centre-back in a 6-19 to 0-15 defeat of Kerry.
McCormack was eligible for the minor grade again the following year and retained his place on the starting fifteen, however, he was switched from centre-back to centre-forward. He played his last game in the minor grade on 1 May 1992 when he scored two points in a 1-11 to 0-11 defeat by Tipperary.
In spite of being still eligible for the minor grade, McCormack was also added to the Cork under-21 team for the 1992 Munster Championship. He made his first appearance for the team on 17 June and scored a point from centre-forward in a 1-10 to 0-11 defeat by Waterford.
On 23 July 1993, McCormack was selected to play in the Munster final. He lined out at centre-back and ended the game with a winners' medal following the 1-18 to 3-09 defeat of Limerick.
Junior
McCormack was called up to the Cork junior team for the 1994 Munster Championship. He made his first appearance for the team on 18 May and scored 1-01 from centre-forward in a 2-17 to 3-09 defeat of Limerick. McCormack was again at centre-forward for the Munster final on 19 June and scored a point from play in the 1-10 to 1-09 defeat of Clare. He was switched to left wing-forward for the All-Ireland final against Kilkenny on 17 August. He scored a point from play and collected a winners' medal following the 2-13 to 2-11 victory.
Senior
McCormack made his first appearance for the Cork senior team on 26 February 1995. He was selected at right wing-forward in the 1-12 to 1-07 defeat of Tipperary in the National League. McCormack was later included on the Cork panel for the Munster Championship and made his debut on 20 May when he came on as a 59th-minute substitute for the injured Kevin Murray in a 1-22 to 0-12 defeat of Kerry.
On 17 May 1998, McCormack lined out at centre-forward when Cork faced Waterford in the National League final. He scored a point from play and collected his first silverware at senior level following the 2-14 to 0-13 victory.
On 4 July 1999, McCormack was at centre-forward when Cork qualified for the Munster final against reigning champions Clare. He scored a point from play and claimed a winners' medal following the 1-15 to 0-14 victory. McCormack retained his position on the starting fifteen at centre-forward when Cork faced Kilkenny in the All-Ireland final on 12 September. He was held scoreless over the course of the game but collected an All-Ireland medal following the 0-12 to 0-11 victory.
McCormack won a second successive Munster Championship medal on 3 July 2000 after lining out at centre-forward but being held scoreless in Cork's 0-23 to 3-12 defeat of Tipperary in the final.
McCormack's appearance for Cork were limited to just two during the 2001 National League. He was ruled out of Cork's subsequent Munster Championship campaign due to a leg injury.
Cork qualified for the 2002 National League final on 5 May, with McCormack starting on the bench as he had done for all of Cork's league games that season. In the week leading up to the game there had been speculation that Gaelic Players Association members from both teams would stage a protest during the parade before the match with their socks down and jerseys out - offences punishable by fine under the GAA's match regulations. The Cork players went ahead with their pre-match protest before losing the final by 2-15 to 2-14. McCormack played his last game for Cork on 26 May when he lined out at centre-forward in Cork's 1-16 to 1-15 defeat by Waterford in the Munster Championship. He was an unused substitute for the rest of Cork's unsuccessful championship campaign. On 21 August, McCormack gave an interview on 96FM in which he stated that the players were treated as "second-class citizens." He went on to say: "There is almost a them and us attitude between players and officials and the perception that we are only players. I have been involved in the panel since 1995 and that problem has always been there. Players of the past have, I know from talking to them, felt the same way but did not really come out and said anything about it." The dissatisfaction between the players and the Cork County Board culminated with all 30 members of the Cork panel were withdrawing their services from the county in the hope of better treatment from the county board on 29 November. McCormack played a low-key role during the negotiations over the following two weeks before a settlement was reached on 13 December. While the player's demands were met, McCormack never played for Cork again.
Kerry
On 12 April 2008, it was announced that McCormack declared for [Kerry under the rule which allows up to five "outside" players to join weaker hurling counties. He was also eligible to play for the team under the parentage rule. McCormack was an unused substitute throughout Kerry's unsuccessful Christy Ring Cup campaign and left the panel at the end of the season.
Munster
McCormack was selected for the Munster inter-provincial team for the first time during the 1998 Railway Cup. He made his first appearance on 8 November when he came on as a substitute in a 2-15 to 0-09 defeat by Leinster.
McCormack was selected for the Munster team again the following year and was included on the starting fifteen. On 25 November 1999, he lined out at centre-forward when Munster suffered a 2-23 to 1-15 defeat by Connacht in the final.
Career statistics
Club
Division
Inter-county
Honours
St. Colman's College
Dr. Harty Cup (1): 1992
Waterford Regional Technical College
Fitzgibbon Cup (1): 1995
Mallow
Cork Under-21 Football Championship (1): 1995
Avondhu
Cork Senior Hurling Championship (1): 1996
Cork
All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship (1): 1999
Munster Senior Hurling Championship (2): 1999, 2000
National Hurling League (1): 1998
All-Ireland Junior Hurling Championship (1): 1994
Munster Junior Hurling Championship (1): 1994
Munster Under-21 Hurling Championship (1): 1993
References
1974 births
Living people
Dual players
Mallow hurlers
Mallow Gaelic footballers
Avondhu hurlers
Cork inter-county hurlers
Kerry inter-county hurlers
Munster inter-provincial hurlers
All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship winners
Alumni of Waterford Institute of Technology
Waterford IT hurlers |
23571637 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ga%C3%ABtan%20Picon | Gaëtan Picon | Gaëtan Picon (19 September 1915 – 6 August 1976) was a French author: essayist, art and literature critic, and art and literature historian. He was director of the Mercure de France and Director-General of Arts and Letters under André Malraux. He wrote an entry for the Encyclopaedia Universalis on Swiss publisher Albert Skira.
Selected Bibliography
Balzac: Balzac par lui-même. (1956). Microcosme ecrivains de toujou. Editions du Seui, Paris. 191 pp.
Ingres: Biographical and Critical Study (1967) The Taste of Our Time, Vol. 47. Editions d'Art Albert Skira, Geneva 131 pp.
The Work of Jean Dubuffet (1973). Albert Skira, Geneva. 233 pp.
Surrealists and Surrealism 1919-1939 (1977). Skira/Rizzoli International Publications, Inc., New York. 231 pp.
Birth Of Modern Painting (1978). Rizzoli International Publications, Inc., New York. 135 pp.
Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres (1980). Published by Skira/Rizzoli International Publications, Inc., New York. 151 pp.
References
External links
Worldcat Identities: Gaëtan Picon, Overview http://www.worldcat.org/identities/lccn-n50019731/
1915 births
1976 deaths
French art critics
French male essayists
People of Ligurian descent
20th-century French essayists
20th-century French male writers |
6901281 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C.%20Fred%20Bergsten | C. Fred Bergsten | C. Fred Bergsten (born April 23, 1941) is an American economist, author, think tank entrepreneur, and policy adviser. He has served as assistant for international economic affairs to Henry Kissinger within the National Security Council and as assistant secretary for international affairs at the U.S. Department of the Treasury. He was the founding director of the Peterson Institute for International Economics, until 2006 the Institute for International Economics, which he established in 1981 and led through 2012. In addition to his academic work, he has been an influential public commentator and advisor to the American and global economic policy community, writing for influential periodicals such as Foreign Affairs magazine
and by writing numerous books.
Education and career
Bergsten received a BA from Central Methodist University, during which time he was valedictorian of his class and a championship debater, and then earned MA, MALD, and PhD degrees from The Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy at Tufts University. He was a senior fellow at the Council on Foreign Relations from 1967 to 1968. In 1969 he became assistant for international economic affairs to Henry Kissinger at the National Security Council where he coordinated US foreign economic policy until 1971. From 1972 to 1976 he was a senior fellow at the Brookings Institution.
From 1977 to 1981 he served at the U.S. Treasury Department as Assistant Secretary for International Affairs during the Carter administration. He functioned as well as Under Secretary for Monetary Affairs, during 1980–81, representing the United States on the G-5 Finance Ministers' deputies and in preparing G-7 summits.
Bergsten was a senior fellow at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace during 1981. In that same year he founded a Washington-based think-tank, the Institute for International Economics. He was director of that now renamed organization through 2012 and is now its director emeritus and a senior fellow. He has authored 41 books on a wide variety of global economic topics, most recently The International Economic Position of the United States and China's Rise: Challenges And Opportunities.
In 1991, he was elected chairman of the Competitiveness Policy Council, created by the Congress, and led the council for several years with distinction. During his tenure, the council issued a series of reports on US competitiveness to the President and the Congress. From 1992 through 1995, he was also chairman of the Eminent Persons Group of the Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) forum, whose recommendations for achieving "free and open trade and investment in the region" by 2020 were agreed by the leaders of the member economies and are now being implemented through the TransPacific Partnership.
In 2001, he co-founded the Center for Global Development along with Edward W. Scott, Jr. and Nancy Birdsall. He is now a member of the President's Advisory Committee on Trade Policy and Negotiations (ACTPN), a member of the Advisory Committee to the Export-Import Bank of the United States and co-chairman of the Private Sector Advisory Group to the Trade Policy Forum composed of the trade ministers of India and the United States. His career is described and analyzed in C. Fred Bergsten and The World Economy, a book of essays on his contributions to a wide range of global economic issues published by the Peterson Institute for International Economics in 2007 and edited by former Senior Fellow Michael Mussa.
Honors
National Foreign Trade Council (NFTC) World Trade Award, 2013;
Royal Order of the Polar Star from the Government of Sweden, 2013;
Distinguished Alumni Leadership Award, Fletcher School, 2010;
Global Advisor to the President of the Republic of Korea, 2009;
Distinguished Service Award for International Statesmanship, International Relations Council, Kansas City, MO, 2009;
Honorary Fellow, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, 1997;
Doctor of Humane Letters, Central Methodist University, 1994;
Legion d'Honneur, Government of France, 1987;
Exceptional Service Award, Department of Treasury, 1980;
Distinguished Alumnus Award, Central Methodist University, 1975;
Meritorious Honor Award, Department of State, 1965
Personal life
Bergsten is married to Virginia Wood Bergsten. They have one son who is a doctor.
Notes and references
External links
21st-century American economists
1941 births
Living people
Central Methodist University alumni
The Fletcher School at Tufts University alumni
Order of the Polar Star
Recipients of the Legion of Honour
Center for Global Development
Carnegie Endowment for International Peace
Peterson Institute for International Economics |
6901286 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabaty%20metro%20station | Kabaty metro station | Metro Kabaty is the southern terminus of Line M1 of the Warsaw Metro, located in the Kabaty neighbourhood of the Ursynów district in the south of Warsaw, at the end of Aleja Komisji Edukacji Narodowej, the main artery of Ursynów. Tracks continue beyond the station, where they rise to surface level and go into the depot. The station is close to several bus stops. The Kabaty Forest is nearby.
The station was opened on 7 April 1995 as the southern terminus of the inaugural stretch of the Warsaw Metro, between Kabaty and Politechnika.
References
External links
Line 1 (Warsaw Metro) stations
Railway stations opened in 1995
1995 establishments in Poland |
23571638 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trusted%20Computer%20System%20Evaluation%20Criteria | Trusted Computer System Evaluation Criteria | Trusted Computer System Evaluation Criteria (TCSEC) is a United States Government Department of Defense (DoD) standard that sets basic requirements for assessing the effectiveness of computer security controls built into a computer system. The TCSEC was used to evaluate, classify, and select computer systems being considered for the processing, storage, and retrieval of sensitive or classified information.
The TCSEC, frequently referred to as the Orange Book, is the centerpiece of the DoD Rainbow Series publications. Initially issued in 1983 by the National Computer Security Center (NCSC), an arm of the National Security Agency, and then updated in 1985, TCSEC was eventually replaced by the Common Criteria international standard, originally published in 2005.
Fundamental objectives and requirements
On 24 October 2002, The Orange Book (aka DoDD 5200.28-STD) was canceled by DoDD 8500.1, which was later reissued as DoDI 8500.02, on 14 March 2014.
Policy
The security policy must be explicit, well-defined, and enforced by the computer system. Three basic security policies are specified:
Mandatory Security Policy – Enforces access control rules based directly on an individual's clearance, authorization for the information and the confidentiality level of the information being sought. Other indirect factors are physical and environmental. This policy must also accurately reflect the laws, general policies and other relevant guidance from which the rules are derived.
Marking – Systems designed to enforce a mandatory security policy must store and preserve the integrity of access control labels and retain the labels if the object is exported.
Discretionary Security Policy – Enforces a consistent set of rules for controlling and limiting access based on identified individuals who have been determined to have a need-to-know for the information.
Accountability
Individual accountability regardless of policy must be enforced. A secure means must exist to ensure the access of an authorized and competent agent that can then evaluate the accountability information within a reasonable amount of time and without undue difficulty. The accountability objective includes three requirements:
Identification – The process used to recognize an individual user.
Authentication – The verification of an individual user's authorization to specific categories of information.
Auditing – Audit information must be selectively kept and protected so that actions affecting security can be traced to the authenticated individual.
Assurance
The computer system must contain hardware/software mechanisms that can be independently evaluated to provide sufficient assurance that the system enforces the above requirements. By extension, assurance must include a guarantee that the trusted portion of the system works only as intended. To accomplish these objectives, two types of assurance are needed with their respective elements:
Assurance Mechanisms
Operational Assurance: System Architecture, System Integrity, Covert Channel Analysis, Trusted Facility Management, and Trusted Recovery
Life-cycle Assurance : Security Testing, Design Specification and Verification, Configuration Management, and Trusted System Distribution
Continuous Protection Assurance – The trusted mechanisms that enforce these basic requirements must be continuously protected against tampering or unauthorized changes.
Documentation
Within each class, an additional set of documentation addresses the development, deployment, and management of the system rather than its capabilities. This documentation includes:
Security Features User's Guide, Trusted Facility Manual, Test Documentation, and Design Documentation
Divisions and classes
The TCSEC defines four divisions: D, C, B, and A, where division A has the highest security. Each division represents a significant difference in the trust an individual or organization can place on the evaluated system. Additionally divisions C, B and A are broken into a series of hierarchical subdivisions called classes: C1, C2, B1, B2, B3, and A1.
Each division and class expands or modifies as indicated the requirements of the immediately prior division or class.
D – Minimal protection
Reserved for those systems that have been evaluated but that fail to meet the requirement for a higher division.
C – Discretionary protection
C1 – Discretionary Security Protection
Identification and authentication
Separation of users and data
Discretionary Access Control (DAC) capable of enforcing access limitations on an individual basis
Required System Documentation and user manuals
C2 – Controlled Access Protection
More finely grained DAC
Individual accountability through login procedures
Audit trails
Object reuse
Resource isolation
An example of such as system is HP-UX
B – Mandatory protection
B1 – Labeled Security Protection
Informal statement of the security policy model
Data sensitivity labels
Mandatory Access Control (MAC) over selected subjects and objects
Label exportation capabilities
Some discovered flaws must be removed or otherwise mitigated
Design specifications and verification
B2 – Structured Protection
Security policy model clearly defined and formally documented
DAC and MAC enforcement extended to all subjects and objects
Covert storage channels are analyzed for occurrence and bandwidth
Carefully structured into protection-critical and non-protection-critical elements
Design and implementation enable more comprehensive testing and review
Authentication mechanisms are strengthened
Trusted facility management is provided with administrator and operator segregation
Strict configuration management controls are imposed
Operator and Administrator roles are separated.
An example of such a system was Multics
B3 – Security Domains
Satisfies reference monitor requirements
Structured to exclude code not essential to security policy enforcement
Significant system engineering directed toward minimizing complexity
Security administrator role defined
Audit security-relevant events
Automated imminent intrusion detection, notification, and response
Trusted path to the TCB for the user authentication function
Trusted system recovery procedures
Covert timing channels are analyzed for occurrence and bandwidth
An example of such a system is the XTS-300, a precursor to the XTS-400
A – Verified protection
A1 – Verified Design
Functionally identical to B3
Formal design and verification techniques including a formal top-level specification
Formal management and distribution procedures
Examples of A1-class systems are Honeywell's SCOMP, Aesec's GEMSOS, and Boeing's SNS Server. Two that were unevaluated were the production LOCK platform and the cancelled DEC VAX Security Kernel.
Beyond A1
System Architecture demonstrates that the requirements of self-protection and completeness for reference monitors have been implemented in the Trusted Computing Base (TCB).
Security Testing automatically generates test-case from the formal top-level specification or formal lower-level specifications.
Formal Specification and Verification is where the TCB is verified down to the source code level, using formal verification methods where feasible.
Trusted Design Environment is where the TCB is designed in a trusted facility with only trusted (cleared) personnel.
Matching classes to environmental requirements
The publication entitled "Army Regulation 380-19" is an example of a guide to determining which system class should be used in a given situation.
See also
AR 380-19 superseded by AR 25-2
Canadian Trusted Computer Product Evaluation Criteria
Common Criteria
ITSEC
Rainbow Series
Trusted Platform Module
References
External links
National Security Institute - 5200.28-STD Trusted Computer System Evaluation Criteria
FAS IRP DOD Trusted Computer System Evaluation Criteria DOD 5200.28
National Security Agency
Computer security standards
Trusted computing |
6901288 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Factotum%20%28novel%29 | Factotum (novel) | Factotum (1975) is a picaresque novel by American author Charles Bukowski. It is Bukowski’s second novel and a prequel to Post Office (1971).
Plot
Set in the 1940s, the plot follows Henry Chinaski, Bukowski's perpetually unemployed, alcoholic alter ego, who has been rejected from the World War II draft and makes his way from one menial job to the next (hence a factotum). After getting into a fight with his father, Chinaski drifts through the seedy city streets of lower-class Los Angeles and other American cities in search of a job that will not come between him and his first love: writing. Much of the novel is dedicated to describing various menial jobs that Chinaski temporarily holds during the USA’s WWII economic boom. Even though some of Chinaski's jobs and colleagues are described with great detail, they all eventually end with him either abruptly leaving or being fired.
He is consistently rejected by the only publishing house he respects, but is driven to continue by the knowledge that he could do better than the authors they publish. Chinaski begins sleeping with fellow barfly Jan, a kindred spirit he meets while drowning his sorrows at a bar. When a brief stint as a bookie finds him abandoned by the only woman with whom he is able to relate, a fling with gold-digging floozie Laura finds him once again falling into a morose state of perpetual drunkenness and unemployment.
Film adaptation
Factotum was adapted into a film of the same name in 2005, directed by Bent Hamer and starring Matt Dillon, Lili Taylor and Marisa Tomei.
Release details
Paperback – , originally published in 1975 by Black Sparrow Books
References
External links
Factotum Quotes
1975 American novels
Novels by Charles Bukowski
American autobiographical novels
American novels adapted into films
Fiction set in 1944
Novels set in Los Angeles
Novels about alcoholism |
23571643 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ustia%2C%20Dub%C4%83sari | Ustia, Dubăsari | Ustia is a village in Dubăsari District, Moldova.
Media
Jurnal FM - 98.7 MHz
Notable people
Ștefan Urâtu
References
Villages of Dubăsari District
Populated places on the Dniester |
23571649 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cantabile%20%28poetry%20collection%29 | Cantabile (poetry collection) | Cantabile is a collection of poems written by Henrik, the Prince Consort of Denmark and published in 2000. It is illustrated by the Queen of Denmark, Margrethe II.
The book contains both the original poems by Prince Henrik, written in French, as well as Danish translations by Per Aage Brandt.
Musical settings
Lacrymae mundi for male choir by Svend Hvidtfelt Nielsen (2008)
Symphonic suite Cantabile for symphony orchestra, choir and soloists by Frederik Magle (2004-2009)
References
External links
Le Parisien
2000 poetry books
Danish poetry collections
French poetry collections |
6901294 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Get%20Evens | Get Evens | Get Evens is the second album by indie/punk duo The Evens. It was released on November 6, 2006.
Track listing
"Cut from the Cloth"
"Everybody Knows"
"Cache Is Empty"
"You Fell Down"
"Pushed Against the Wall"
"No Money"
"All You Find You Keep"
"Eventually"
"Get Even"
"Dinner with the President"
Personnel
Ian MacKaye – guitar, vocals
Amy Farina – drums, vocals
References
2006 albums
The Evens albums
Dischord Records albums |
17327836 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2008%20Lebanon%20conflict | 2008 Lebanon conflict | The 2008 Lebanon conflict (Or the 7 May 2008 clashes, Arabic: أحداث 7 أيار) was a brief intrastate military conflict in May 2008 in Lebanon between opposition militias (mainly Shiite Hezbollah) and pro-government Sunnis, after the 18-month-long political crisis spiraled out of control, when the government's decision to dismantle Hezbollah's telecommunication system, which led to Hezbollah seizing control of west Beirut, and ended with the adoption of the Doha Accord in 2008.
The fighting between pro-government and opposition militias affiliated to respectively the Future Movement and PSP political parties on one side and Hezbollah, Amal, SSNP, LDP and the Arab Democratic Party on the other side, was sparked by a government move to shut down Hezbollah's telecommunication network and remove Beirut Airport's head of security after the discovery of a hidden remote-controlled camera monitoring one of the airport's runway and his alleged ties to Hezbollah. Clashes first occurred on May 7 after a general strike called for by the country's union federation to demand higher wages and decry high consumer prices became overshadowed by the government's decisions and escalated into low-level violence between pro-government and opposition protesters. Violence severely escalated the next morning on May 8 after a televised speech by Hezbollah leader Hassan Nasrallah. In his speech, Nasrallah responded to the government's decision to declare the organization's telecommunication network illegal by calling it a declaration of war on the organization, shortly after which fighting between pro-government and opposition militias broke out in Beirut. Within two days, Hezbollah-led opposition fighters had seized control of several West Beirut neighbourhoods from pro-government Future Movement militiamen. In the following days, fighting between pro-government and opposition militias spread to other parts of the country with major clashes in the Aley District and Tripoli. On May 15, an intervention by the Arab League brokered an immediate end to hostilities and a pledge from warring parties to send emissaries to Doha for a mediation process. The resulting Doha Agreement, reached on May 21, 2008, brought an end to the 18-month political feud that exploded into fighting and nearly drove the country to a new civil war.
Background
On December 1, 2006, a series of protests and sit-ins began in Lebanon, led by the March 8 political coalition which opposed the government of Prime Minister Fouad Siniora. Formed after the Cedar Revolution in 2005, the March 8 coalition was up of the Shiite Hezbollah and Amal, the Christian Free Patriotic Movement and a number of smaller parties such as the SSNP, LDP and the Arab Democratic Party. On the other side of the political divide stood the March 14 coalition, at the time holding the majority of cabinet and parliamentary seats. The March 14 coalition was made up of the primarily Sunni Future Movement and a number of smaller parties including the Druze Progressive Socialist Party and the Christian Lebanese Forces.
At the core of commencement of the protests was the unhappiness of Hezbollah with the division of power under the current status quo and the pro-Western course of the Lebanese government. It argued that too much executive power was in the hands of the Future Movement, the primary political party of March 14, which it in their view misused by too closely aligning with Western states, most notably the United States, thereby compromising Lebanon's sovereignty and security. In addition, the period was marked by political strife between the March 8 and March 14 coalitions over the international investigation on the assassination of former prime minister Rafic Hariri, the creation of the future Lebanon Tribunal to prosecute the perpetrators this assassination and the question of Hezbollah's armed status. Hezbollah was the only organization allowed to retain its weapons after the ratification of the Taif Agreement, which brought an end to the Lebanese Civil War, although UN Security Council Resolution 1559 of September 2004 denied the organization the right to retain its arms. By 2008, the military strength of the organization had grown to such levels that it was widely considered to be stronger than the Lebanese Armed Forces. To ensure its interests, Hezbollah demanded a new national unity government in which March 8 would have at least a third plus one of the cabinet seats in order to grant them the ability to veto cabinet decisions.
After Shi'a ministers of Hezbollah and Amal had resigned from the cabinet in December 2006 in protest against a decision concerning the Lebanon Tribunal, the opposition demanded the immediate resignation of the cabinet as it now was unbalanced with regard to the proportional representation of religious groups as stipulated by the Lebanese Constitution and therefore was deemed illegitimate. When Prime Minister Siniora refused to resign his cabinet, Hezbollah and its allies on March 8 called on its supporters in early December 2006 to protest against the perceived illegitimacy of the cabinet of Siniora to increase pressure on it. In the face of massive protests, Siniora and the remaining ministers in his cabinet still refused to step down as long as they enjoyed the support of the majority of the parliament. As protestors kept up the pressure on the government with their encampment near the Grand Serail, the prime ministerial office in downtown Beirut, Siniora and his minister were under virtual house arrest due to security concerns since the assassination of Pierre Gemayel, one of Siniora's ministers, in late 2006. With Siniora not giving in, the opposition organized a general strike in January 2007, which ended in sectarian clashes leaving multiple dead and hundreds wounded. Political deadlock took a new turn with the end of term of President Émile Lahoud in late 2007 as the March 8 and March 14 blocs could not agree on his successor, leaving the country in a presidential vacuum further worsening the political crisis.
May 2008 controversies
In May 2008, the tensions between the pro-government and opposition parties escalated when the cabinet announced a series of security decisions. Tensions began with revelations on Friday May 2 made by Progressive Socialist Party leader Walid Jumblatt, a key politician in the ruling March 14 alliance. He announced that a remote-controlled camera had been set up in a container park overlooking Beirut international airport's runway 17, which was frequently being used by March 14 politicians. In March 14 circles, fear was that the monitoring could be used for a possible attack on its leaders, as Lebanon had faced a series of political assassinations in recent times. Although Jumblatt did not accuse the party directly, he made clear that he thought March 8's Hezbollah was behind the monitoring system's installment. Hezbollah dismissed the accusations, calling the allegation a product of Jumblatt's imagination and saying that those who leveled them were scaremongering and simply parroting a US campaign against it and other groups which are resisting Israel. In addition to the monitoring system, Jumblatt stated that Hezbollah had laid down a fiber optic telecommunication network connecting its powerbase in Dahiya in South Beirut with cities and towns in South and East Lebanon in predominantly Shiite areas. Although this was known to the government, it was now claimed that the network was being extended to the predominantly Christian and Druze areas of Mount Lebanon.
In its response to these allegations, the Lebanese cabinet announced that it regarded the telecommunication network and the monitoring system as a breach of law, undermining the state's sovereignty and the security of its citizens. Therefore, it declared that the matter would be referred not only to the Lebanese judicial system, but also to the Arab League and the United Nations. In addition to infringing state sovereignty, the network was regarded by the government as an infringement on public funds since it claimed that it competes with its own and used the Lebanese infrastructure. The cabinet announced that it would uproot the telecommunication network and in addition also ordered the removal Brigadier General Wafic Shkeir, head of security at Beirut's international airport and considered to be sympathetic to Hezbollah and Amal, on account of failing to deal with the monitoring system. These moves severely antagonized Hezbollah, bringing tensions between the March 8 and March 14 coalitions to a boiling point.
Armed clashes
May 7: Protests and minor clashes
Coincidentally, a day after the cabinet's decision, on Wednesday May 7, the Lebanese General Workers Union had planned a general strike to demand higher wages and decry high consumer prices. The strike turned violent as the opposition threw their weight behind the strike, paralyzing large parts of Lebanon's capital Beirut. Instigated by the recent developments and the strike, pro-government and opposition supporters took the streets coming into conflict with each other at multiple places. Clashes were first reported when government and opposition supporters in a pro-government sector of Beirut exchanged insults and began throwing stones at each other after Hezbollah supporters insisted on blocking the roads. Witnesses said security forces intervened and gunshots were heard, apparently troops firing in the air to disperse the crowds. In the afternoon, verbal violence and stone throwing turned into more violent clashes, with gunfire sporadically going off in the city. Around the city, armed opposition supporters blocked roads including the strategic road towards Beirut international airport, cutting it off from the rest of the city, and roads to the city's sea port.
May 8 - May 9: Takeover of Beirut
After a tense night with sporadic gunfire, Hezbollah's secretary-general Hassan Nasrallah addressed the country in a speech televised on Hezbollah affiliated al-Manar station in the morning of May 8. He referred to the cabinet's decisions of that week as "despotic" and having inaugurated a new phase in Lebanese history, similar to the assassination of former prime minister Rafic Hariri in 2005. He stated that the telecommunication network was not a simple commercial operation aimed merely at generating profit for the organization, but "integral and fundamental" as part of its military apparatus. He claimed that his opponents had already known about the existence of the telecommunication network years before and in drawing attention to the timing of the decision, insinuated that the cabinet's actions were aimed at obstructing the forces of the Resistance (against Israel) in the region. Hezbollah had the right to defend itself, he argued, and metaphorically stated that they would cut-off the hand of anyone that would touch the Resistance. "All red lines had been crossed", according to Nasrallah, and the actions therefore amounted to no mere than a "declaration of war."
Minutes after Nasrallah's speech, heavy street battles began between pro-government and opposition militias. Fighting erupted along Corniche Mazraa, an avenue separating Shiite and Sunni areas, later spreading to the western, southern and eastern parts of Beirut where Sunni and Shiite neighborhoods overlapped. Combat was also heard near the office of Lebanon's Sunni religious leader - an ally of the government - and the palatial compound of the Hariri family in Koreitem was hit by RPG fire. More barricades were set up, closing major highways. Opposition militants eventually overran the positions of pro-government militias in West Beirut and burnt-down three pro-government offices. Saad Hariri, leader of the Future Movement, quickly responded to the outbreak of violence, describing the events as a form of fitna, criticizing the actions of Hezbollah as a threat to the unity of the country and calling on Nasrallah to stop the descendance towards civil war. Faced with large-scale inter-communal violence erupting all over the city, the Lebanese Armed Forces decided not to intervene in the clashes for fear of sparking divisions in the army along sectarian lines, as had happened during the civil war. Other factors that as to why the army did not act in line with the cabinet are, according to political scientist Aram Nerguizian, the apprehension among army commanders at how the cabinet chose to address the issue of Hezbollah's telecommunication network. Secondly, the perception among them that cabinet also did not sufficiently consult the army prior to their decision to dismiss Beirut's airport head of security. Thirdly, the presidential ambitions of Army Commander Michel Suleiman - who would indeed within two weeks become the country's next president - and his resulting need not to antagonize the March 8 coalition and its Syrian allies may also have influenced his decision not to intervene against Hezbollah according to Nerguizian. The army's decision to refrain from intervention did spark objections from within however. Some saw it as a "missed opportunity" for the army to "signal its objection to domestic military action by any of the country's competing political/sectarian forces." Around 120 Sunni officers later even offered their resignation as response to "the humiliation felt from the military's conduct during the militias' invasion of Beirut" as their resignation letter stated. All of the officers except one later repealed their resignation however.
Fighting from the previous day lasted throughout the night and only stopped for a short time a little bit after dawn on May 9, 2008. However, fighting quickly resumed after the brief lull. Pro-government militias were however no match to the Hezbollah led opposition forces. All over West Beirut, pro-government militias had lost ground. Media outlets related to the pro-government Future Movement, amongst which Future TV, Al Mustaqbal Newspaper, Future News, Radio Orient and Future-owned Armenian radio station Sevan had been raided by opposition fighters and forced to close. Future TV and Al Mustaqbal were particularly targeted by opposition fighters. RPG missiles were launched from empty adjacent buildings under construction to Mustaqbal's offices, setting fire to two floors. Future TV offices were raided by Hezbollah members who subsequently cut all of its broadcasts. According to Habib Battah, a media analyst, shutting down Future TV was not only a psychological attack on Future Movement's supporters, but also gave the opposition a monopoly on propaganda messages. Overpowered by Hezbollah's military apparatus and besieged in his residence, Saad Hariri had by then ordered militia members loyal to his Future Movement to stand down. The opposition had now firmly moved in and taken over abandoned positions of pro-government fighters, seizing large parts of the capital's western neighbourhoods. The Lebanese Army also stepped in to take over position deserted by pro-government militiamen and in some instance were handed over control of recently conquered position by Hezbollah. In some neighbourhoods, the takeover had been peaceful with opposition fighters facing no resistance as they moved throughout West Beirut.
May 10 - May 12: Fighting spreads to Aley and the North
As fighting in Beirut dwindled down, violence began to spread to other parts of the country, in particular the Aley District south of Beirut and the north of the country. In the evening of May 9 sporadic clashes erupted in Sidon, where two civilians were killed; and in Bar Elias in the Bekaa Valley where a woman was killed. Also, eight people were killed near the town of Aley in clashes between government supporters and opponents. Seven people who were Hezbollah supporters were killed.
On May 10, 2008, a funeral procession was attacked by a shop-owner affiliated with the Amal Movement, whose shop was previously burned down by Sunni militants, leaving six people dead. An Associated Press photographer who witnessed the shooting said the attack came as a procession of 200 people headed toward a nearby cemetery to bury a 24-year-old pro-government supporter killed in previous fighting. At least 14 people were killed in the town of Halba, in the Akkar region of north Lebanon, as about 100 pro-Future Movement gunmen attacked an office of the SSNP. 10 of the dead were SSNP members, three were government loyalists and one was an Australian citizen of Lebanese descent on vacation in Lebanon, who was trying to get information at the SSNP offices about evacuating from the city. The Australian father of four, Fadi Sheikh, reportedly had his hands and feet cut off. The SSNP says Fadi Sheikh was a member of the party - but was not a militant. He was just in the wrong place at the wrong time. One other person was killed in fighting in Sidon and two soldiers died in fighting east of Beirut. Heavy fighting had also broken out between Alawite Hezbollah sympathizers and Sunni supporters of the government in the neighbourhoods of Jabal Mohsen and Bab al-Tabbaneh, two neighbourhoods in Tripoli notorious for its sectarian violence, leading thousands to flee their homes.
Faced with the escalated situation as a result of the cabinet's decisions, Prime Minister Fouad Siniora announced on May 10 that the cabinet would handover the issue of telecommunication network to the army and, in addition, announced the reinstatement of the head of security of Beirut's international airport. Subsequently, the Lebanese army took a more active stance in the events and announced it had frozen the measures taken by the government and called for all armed militants to withdraw from the streets. In response, Hezbollah announced that it would withdraw its fighters together with other opposition fighters from West Beirut in compliance with the Lebanese army's request, but that a civil disobedience campaign will continue until the group's political demands are met. The next day, Beirut was quiet as control of areas seized by the opposition was handed over to the Lebanese army. Many roads in the capital remained blockaded however, including the strategic airport road, as the opposition continued their campaign of civil disobedience.
Battle of Mount Barook and Aley District
On May 9, heavy fighting broke out in Mount Lebanon between pro-government Progressive Socialist Party fighters and Hezbollah. The clashes started in Aytat, near Kaifun and soon expanded to cover many spots in Mount Lebanon including the cities of Baisour, Choueifat and Aley. Most of the fighting was concentrated on Hill 888. Fighting started when four Druze members of the Aley municipal police were kidnapped by Hezbollah. Soon after the news of the kidnapping spread, the mayor of Aley assembled a group of PSP fighters and went up to Hill 888. As they reached the hill they were attacked by Hezbollah gunmen who wounded a few of the PSP and municipality members. PSP members retaliated by killing 3 of the kidnappers. The incident developed into a significant armed clash. Artillery and mortars were used for the first time during these battles. A ceasefire agreement was supposed to take place at 18:00 of the same day, but fighters from both sides continued to exchange fire. Negotiations were ongoing for the PSP members to give up the fight and surrender their positions to the Lebanese Army, but it never happened.
The battles at Aley stopped for several hours, but the two sides clashed again in Mount Barouk to the southeast shortly before midnight. Barook separates the Druze heartland of Shouf from the mainly Shi'ite southern end of the Bekaa Valley. That night Hezbollah's fighters deployed from southern Beirut to the Qmatiye area tried to attack the hills near Aley but they were beaten back. After that Hezbollah tried to go on the offensive again and attacked their rival's positions. The Druze fighters had fought the Hezbollah militants from dug-in positions left over from the 1975–90 Civil War. The Druze used hunting guns, AK 47s and other machine guns, RPGs and allegedly even 23mm anti-aircraft guns to blast at the advancing Hezbollah fighters. Opposition forces bombarded the pro-government Druze area with artillery while ground forces attacked Druze positions using rockets and machine guns. By morning, the Druze fighters agreed to cease hostilities and several villages loyal to Lebanon's pro-government Druze leader Walid Jumblatt had been handed over to the army. The kidnapped municipality police members were released by Hezbollah on May 12 in exchange of at least 30 Hezbollah members that were kidnapped by PSP in Mount Barook. Hezbollah were defeated.
Clashes in Hamra and Tripoli
After a day of relative quiet in Beirut renewed gunfire was heard in the commercial area of Hamra in the western part of the city shortly after midnight on May 12. The fighting occurred near the home of Future Movement leader Saad al-Hariri. A two-man Al Jazeera camera crew suffered injuries while trying to film the fighting and were evacuated by the Lebanese army. Meanwhile, in Tripoli, clashes left one person dead and at least six others wounded. Now taking a proactive role in the events, the Army stated that if the clashes did not end by Tuesday May 13, it would intervene and use force if necessary to end the fighting. The next days saw only limited and sporadic fighting.
Resolution process
Arab League intervention
As fighting was spreading to other parts of Lebanon, the Arab League, which had been involved as a mediator in Lebanese political crises since 2005, decided to intervene in Lebanon at an emergency meeting on May 11. The League Council mandated the formation of a Ministerial Committee headed by the Foreign Minister of Qatar and the League's Secretary General which was to go to Lebanon and mediate in the crisis. The League Council also called for a halt to the fighting, the withdrawal of militiamen from the streets, the facilitation of the Lebanese Army to restore calm and talks between the Lebanese political leaders. On May 15, after a round of talks with Lebanon's prime political leaders, the Ministerial Committee announced an initial agreement that marked a cessation of all hostilities and entailed that major Lebanese political leaders would enter into a national dialogue the next day in Doha for further mediation.
Doha Agreement
After half a week of deliberations in Doha, Lebanese political leaders signed an accord on May 21 that brought an immediate end to the 16-month political crisis that had been plaguing the country. Following the principle of "no victor, no vanquished", which entails that no political party or sect can eliminate one of the other political parties or sects, the Doha Agreement was regarded as a compromise deal between government and opposition demands. The accord stipulated (1) the immediate election of Army Commander Michel Suleiman as president; (2) the formation of a national unity government with a blocking third for the opposition; (3) adaption of the electoral law aimed at redistricting based on the 1960 electoral law; (4) a commitment by the signatories not to resort to violence for political gains; (5) initiation of a national dialogue on the promotion of Lebanon's internal sovereignty and (6) a commitment by signatories to abstain from resorting to rhetoric of treason or political and sectarian incitement. The accord was considered a victory for the Lebanese opposition as they secured their key demands for veto-wielding power in the new government and a new electoral law which could benefit the opposition in the upcoming 2009 parliamentary elections. In addition, the question of Hezbollah's weapons was postponed, to be dealt with in a future national dialogue. Nonetheless, the opposition had to give concessions regarding the reappointment of Fouad Siniora as Prime Minister, the distribution of ministerial portfolios and the distribution of parliamentary seats in certain electoral districts. Despite Hezbollah's tactical victory on the streets of Lebanon and the securing of it demands in the accord, analysts have pointed out that the events greatly reduced its legitimacy as a popular resistance movement and that it was seen more than ever as a "Shiite militia brutally defending its parochial interests." In addition, it increased the distrust and fear of it among other political parties and heightened domestic opposition to its armed status as a result of the use of its weapons against other Lebanese actors, despite its earlier pledge not to do so.
Reactions to the fighting
Domestic reactions
Many March 14 leaders decried the events as a coup, pointed towards the Hezbollah's intricate relationship to the Iranian government and assigned a role played in the events to the latter. Hani Hammoud, a senior adviser to Saad Hariri referred to the events as a "one-sided civil war" with the result that "Iran has taken over the country" Christian leaders Samir Geagea and Amine Gemayel also accused Hezbollah of staging a coup, with the former calling on moderate forces in the Arab world to intervene and asked the international community not to stand idly by. A US diplomatic cable revealed by Wikileaks also showed how on May 11, Gemayel, together with Social Affairs Minister Nayla Mouawad and Telecommunications Minister Marwan Hamadeh urged the US to provide more support to the March 14 coalition. Believing that a Hezbollah victory could be imminent, they proposed several ideas, including extending UN Security Council Resolution 1701 to Beirut's airport, sea port and access roads, an imposement of an air ban against Syria by the US and immediate US military aid to their own militias. PSP leader Walid Jumblatt stated that he still stood behind his support for the government's decisions that week, however he acknowledged that he had underestimated the response from Hezbollah. Regarding Hezbollah's next moves he told reporters to "ask [Iranian President] [Mahmoud] Ahmadinejad", stating that "this situation goes beyond Lebanese borders." Furthermore, he linked the events to regional geopolitics stating that "the Iranians chose the moment America is weak in the Middle East. The balance of power has completely changed in Lebanon and now we wait to see what new rules Hezbollah, Syria and Iran will lay down."
Michel Aoun, leader of the Free Patriotic Movement and a Hezbollah ally whose supporters did not participate in the fighting, spoke in more neutral terms, calling for the return for normality on the streets.
International reactions
The White House condemned Hezbollah's actions with a spokesman denouncing the organization as a "destabilizing force" which had turned "its arms against the Lebanese people and challenged Lebanon's security forces for control of the streets." In addition, US Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice pronounced the continuing support by the US for the Lebanese government.
Saudi Foreign Minister Prince Saud al-Faisal accused Iran of "backing what happened in Lebanon, a coup" and called for "all regional parties to respect the independence and sovereignty of Lebanon and to stop meddling in its affairs and inciting sectarian tensions". He further accused Hezbollah of taking "violent, offensive measures, which aim at an annihilation of people." A diplomatic cable released by Wikileaks two years later show, however, that Prince Saud al-Faisal had proposed to the US Ambassador in Saudi Arabia the creation of an "Arab force" to be supported by the US and NATO which was to restore order in Beirut in response to "Hezbollah's military challenge to the Government of Lebanon." Furthermore, he feared that a Hezbollah victory would lead to the fall of the Siniora cabinet and the "Iranian takeover of Lebanon."
Iran's Foreign Ministry Spokesman Mohammad-Ali Hosseini has called on national unity among the Lebanese adding that the situation can be "managed through talks and consensus-building." Hosseini blamed the U.S. and Israel for the ongoing hostilities in Lebanon.
Casualties
The exact total number of casualties as resulting from the fighting in May remains uncertain, but figures range from approximately 70 to 110 deaths. A UN report published in June 2008 reports 69 fatalities, among which civilians, and more than 180 wounded. A Human Rights Watch Report from 2009 states a minimum of 71 deaths. In an article from September 2008 entailing a series of interviews on the events, Beatriz Martínez and Francesco Volpicella note that the official number of casualties up to 15 May is 80 deaths and more than 200 wounded.
See also
2006–2008 Lebanese political protests
Lebanon bombings and assassinations (2004-present)#2008
References
Further reading
External links
Lebanon: Chronicles of an attempted suicide
Deal for Lebanese Factions Leaves Hezbollah Stronger
Doha Compromise is 'No Cave In to Hezbollah'
Lebanon civil war
civil war
Wars involving Lebanon
Wars involving Hezbollah
Syrian Social Nationalist Party
March 8 Alliance
March 14 Alliance |
23571656 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramchandra%20Chintaman%20Dhere | Ramchandra Chintaman Dhere | Ramchandra Chintaman Dhere (21 July 1930 – 1 July 2016) was a Marathi writer from Maharashtra, India.
Early life
Dhere was born in the small village of Nigade in Pune district. He was orphaned at an early age of five. He studied at Municipal School, Pune, Poona English School, Poona Night School and graduated in 1966. During high school days he worked as a proof reader in the local press.
Dhere earned a PhD in Marathi in 1975. His doctoral thesis titled Shtsthal: Ek Adhyan was completed under the guidance of Ramchandra Shankar Walimbe. In 1980, he became the first person to obtain a Doctorate of Literature from Pune University.
Career
From his childhood, Dhere was deeply influenced by folk-life and literature. He was drawn towards saint literature such as Warkari and Nath
sects and started studying them.
Dhere wrote over 100 scholarly books, including some edited or translated works of others, on Marathi folk literature and culture, reconstruction of cultural history of places, religious sects in Maharashtra, and biographies of marathi saints. He also composed several poems and musical plays. Dhere lost almost all of his collection of old books in 1961 when the Panshet Dam broke flooding the city of Pune.
Dhere received a Sahitya Akademi Award in 1987 for his literary criticism Shri Vitthal: Ek MahaSamanvay. The highly influential book was translated to English by Anne Feldhaus and published by Oxford University Press in 2011.
Death and legacy
Dhere died in Pune on 1 July 2016 at the age of 86 following prolonged illness. Writer Aruna Ramchandra Dhere is his daughter. In 2019, a library was built in Pune to preserve a collection of his books.
Literary work
The following is a partial list of Dhere's works:
Notes
Marathi-language writers
Recipients of the Sahitya Akademi Award in Marathi
1930 births
People from Pune district
2016 deaths |
23571657 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C2H4Br2 | C2H4Br2 | {{DISPLAYTITLE:C2H4Br2}}
The molecular formula C2H4Br2 (molar mass: 187.86 g/mol, exact mass: 185.8680 u) may refer to:
1,1-Dibromoethane (ethylidene dibromide)
1,2-Dibromoethane, or ethylene dibromide (EDB) |
6901296 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kate%20Price%20%28actress%29 | Kate Price (actress) | Katherine Duffy (13 February 1872 – 4 January 1943), known professionally as Kate Price, was an Irish-American actress. She is known for playing the role of Mrs. Kelly in the comedy series The Cohens and Kellys, made by Universal Pictures between 1926 and 1932. Price appeared in 296 movies from 1910 to 1937.
Career
Price was born in Cork, Ireland and immigrated to the United States with her family in 1881. Her brother was actor Jack Duffy. She began her stage and vaudeville career with her German-American husband, actor Joseph Price Ludwig, in 1890. Price's motion picture career began with the old Vitagraph Studios in New York City in 1902. She acted with movie stars such as Flora Finch, Douglas Fairbanks, John Bunny, Buster Keaton, and Mary Pickford. She was paired with Oliver Hardy for 14 films produced at the Vim Comedy Company in Jacksonville, Florida.
In 1917, Price went to Hollywood. She had parts in The Sea Tiger (1927), The Godless Girl (1929), and Reaching for the Moon (1930). Her final MGM feature was Have a Heart (1934). After making Easy Living and Live, Love and Learn (both released in 1937), she retired.
Death
Price died at age 70 at the Motion Picture Country Home, Woodland Hills. Funeral services were held at St. Theresa's Church with interment in Calvary Cemetery.
Partial filmography
Her Crowning Glory (1911)
Lady Godiva (1911)
All for a Girl (1912)
One Can't Always Tell (1913)
Jerry's Mother-In-Law (1913)
A Million Bid (1914)
Bringing Up Father (1915)
The Waiters' Ball (1916)
A Maid to Order (1916)
Twin Flats (1916)
A Warm Reception (1916)
Pipe Dreams (1916)
Mother's Child (1916)
Prize Winners (1916)
The Guilty Ones (1916)
He Winked and Won (1916)
Fat and Fickle (1916)
The Boycotted Baby (1917)
Humdrum Brown (1918)
Good Night, Nurse! (1918)
The Ghost of Rosy Taylor (1918)
Arizona (1918)
Love (1919)
Dinty (1920)
The Figurehead (1920)
That Girl Montana (1921)
The Other Woman (1921)
The New Teacher (1922)
My Wife's Relations (1922)
A Dangerous Game (1922)
Flesh and Blood (1922)
Paid Back (1922)
Come on Over (1922) as Delia Morahan
Broken Hearts of Broadway (1923)
The Dangerous Maid (1923)
Enemies of Children (1923)
The Near Lady (1923)
Good-By Girls! (1923)
Wolf Tracks (1923)
Fools Highway (1924)
Another Man's Wife (1924)
Riders Up (1924)
The Sea Hawk (1924)
The Wife of the Centaur (1924)
Passion's Pathway (1924)
The Tornado (1924)
Seven Chances (1925)
The Sporting Venus (1925)
The Man Without a Conscience (1925)
The Desert Flower (1925)
His People (1925)
The Goose Woman (1925)
The Unchastened Woman (1925)
Sally, Irene and Mary (1925)
The Perfect Clown (1925)
The Arizona Sweepstakes (1926)
Memory Lane (1926)
The Beautiful Cheat (1926)
Paradise (1926)
The Third Degree (1926)
Frisco Sally Levy (1927)
Mountains of Manhattan (1927)
Mad Hour (1928)
Show Girl (1928)
Thanks for the Buggy Ride (1928)
The Cohens and the Kellys in Paris (1928)
The Cohens and the Kellys in Atlantic City (1929)
Two Weeks Off (1929)
Linda (1929)
The Cohens and the Kellys in Scotland (1930)
Shadow Ranch (1932)
Ladies of the Jury (1932)
Have a Heart (1934)
References
External links
Kate Price in a 1927 film (University of Washington, Sayre collection) (new url)
1872 births
1943 deaths
Irish film actresses
American film actresses
American silent film actresses
19th-century American actresses
American stage actresses
20th-century American actresses
Actresses from Cork (city)
19th-century Irish people
Vaudeville performers
Irish emigrants to the United States (before 1923)
Burials at Calvary Cemetery (Los Angeles)
20th-century Irish actresses |
6901297 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roan%20Creek | Roan Creek | Roan Creek is a tributary of the Watauga River that rises near the border between the U.S. states of Tennessee and North Carolina. Its source is located along the slopes of Snake Mountain near Trade in Johnson County, Tennessee. From its source, Roan Creek flows north, then turns west around the northern end of Stone Mountain. Then it flows south and west through Cherokee National Forest in the valley between Stone Mountain and Doe Mountain, until entering the Watauga River and Watauga Lake, the reservoir behind Watauga Dam. Its waters eventually flow through the Watauga River, the Holston River, the Tennessee River, the Ohio River, and the Mississippi River to the Gulf of Mexico.
In 2005 Roan Creek was cited as one of the top ten most endangered rivers by American Rivers, a national non-profit conservation organization focused on rivers.
See also
List of rivers of Tennessee
External links
http://www.americanrivers.org/ American Rivers
Tributaries of the Watauga River
Rivers of Tennessee
Rivers of Johnson County, Tennessee |
23571659 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Appalachian%20Americans | Appalachian Americans | Appalachian Americans or simply Appalachians describes Americans living in the geocultural area of Appalachia in the eastern United States, or their descendants
While not an official demographic used or recognized by the United States Census Bureau, Appalachian Americans, due to various factors, have developed their own distinct culture within larger social groupings. Included are their own dialect, music, folklore, and even sports teams as in the case of the Appalachian League. Furthermore, many colleges and universities now grant degrees in Appalachian studies. The term has seen growing usage in recent years, possibly in opposition to the use of hillbilly, which is still often used to describe people of the region.
Notable people
Arts and Entertainment
Ernest “Tennessee Ernie” Ford (1919–1991), country, pop, and gospel singer and television host
Emma Bell Miles (1879-1919), writer, poet, artist
Effie Waller Smith (1879-1960), Poet
Doc Watson (1923-2012), guitarist, songwriter, and singer
Dolly Parton (1946-), singer, songwriter, multi-instrumentalist, actress, author, businesswoman and humanitarian
Eric Church (1977-), singer-songwriter
Earl Scruggs (1924 – 2012), bluegrass musician and banjo player noted for popularizing a three-finger picking style, now called "Scruggs style”
Loretta Lynn (1932-2022), country music singer-songwriter
Politicians
Thomas Woodrow Wilson (1856–1924), 28th president of the United States, serving during World War I
Charles Gates Dawes (1865–1951), banker, general, diplomat, composer, and 30th vice president of the United States under Calvin Coolidge
Jim Broyhill (1927-), businessman, United States Representative, United States Senator
Joe Manchin (1947-), United States Senator, politician, businessman
Military
Thomas Jonathan "Stonewall" Jackson (1824-1863), United States military leader serving in the Mexican-American War, and later a prominent Confederate military leader during the American Civil War
Alvin York (1887-1964), highly-decorated United States soldier serving in World War I, receiving the Medal of Honor as well as numerous other awards from France, Italy, and Montenegro
Folk Heroes & Historical Figures
Daniel Boone (1734–1820), pioneer, explorer
Davy Crockett (1786–1836), frontiersman, soldier, politician
John Gordon (1759–1819), pioneer, trader, planter, militia captain
Devil Anse Hatfield (1839–1921), patriarch of the Hatfield family of the Hatfield–McCoy feud
Belle Starr (1848–1889), notorious outlaw convicted of horse theft
Sports
Jerry West (1938-), professional basketball player, NBA Champion, Medal of Freedom Recipient
Katie Smith (1974-), retired professional women's basketball player, 3 time Gold Medalist, Women's Basketball Hall of Fame
Madison Bumgarner (1989-), professional baseball player
Miscellaneous
Francis Asbury (1745–1816), Methodist Episcopal bishop
See also
Appalachian stereotypes
Appalachian Studies Association
Appalachian Trail
Bluegrass music
Hillbilly
Hillbilly Highway
History of the Appalachian people in Baltimore
Melungeons
Mountain white
Social and economic stratification in Appalachia
Urban Appalachians
References
Society of Appalachia |
6901305 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treasure%20hunt | Treasure hunt | Treasure hunt generally refers to:
Treasure hunting, the physical search for treasure, typically by finding sunken shipwrecks or buried ancient cultural sites
Treasure hunt (game), a game simulating a hunt for treasure
Treasure Hunt may refer to:
BBC Archive Treasure Hunt, the public campaign to recover lost television productions
Treasure Hunt (British game show), a British television game show
Treasure Hunt (American game show), an American game show
Treasure Hunt Series, a line of Hot Wheels toy cars
Treasure Hunt (module), an accessory for the Dungeons & Dragons role-playing game
Treasure Hunt (1952 film), a 1952 British comedy film directed by John Paddy Carstairs
Treasure Hunt (1994 film), a Hong Kong action comedy-drama film starring Chow Yun-fat
Treasure Hunt (2003 film), a 2003 American film directed by Jim Wynorski
Treasure Hunt (2011 film), a Hong Kong comedy film directed by Wong Jing
See also
Treasure hunters (disambiguation) |
23571663 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paradise%20Hotel%20%28disambiguation%29 | Paradise Hotel (disambiguation) | Paradise Hotel is a reality television series.
Paradise Hotel may also refer to:
Paradise Hotel (Hyderabad), India
Paradise Hotel, the site of the 2002 Mombasa attacks in Nairobi, Kenya
Paradise Hotel (film), a 2010 documentary film
L'Hôtel du libre échange, an 1894 French comedy by playwright Georges Feydeau, sometimes translated as Paradise Hotel
See also
Hotel Paradise (disambiguation) |
23571671 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traherne | Traherne | Traherne, Trahern, or Treherne is a Welsh surname, and may refer to:
Cennydd Traherne (1910–1995), Welsh landowner
John Treherne (1929–1989), English entomologist
John Montgomery Traherne (1788–1860), Welsh Anglican priest and antiquarian
Llewelyn Traherne (1766–1842), Welsh magistrate, High Sheriff of Glamorgan in 1801
Margaret Traherne (1919–2006), British artist
Philip Traherne (1635–1686), English diplomat and author
Thomas Traherne (c. 1636 – 1674), English poet and religious writer
Thomas Trahern (officer of arms) (died 1542), English officer-of-arms, Somerset Herald
See also
Traherne Island, one of two islands contained within the Motu Manawa (Pollen Island) Marine Reserve
Treherne (disambiguation)
Anglicised Welsh-language surnames |
6901310 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Shadow%20Line%20%28album%29 | The Shadow Line (album) | The Shadow Line is the sixth studio album by the industrial rock band Godhead, released on August 29, 2006.
Background
In 2005, frontman Jason C. Miller invited James O'Connor to return as the band's drummer, which he accepted. Following the completion of The Shadow Line, however, O'Connor left the group for a second time.
"Trapped In Your Lies" was the album's lead single. It was followed by "Push" and "Hey You".
Track listing
"Trapped in Your Lies" - 3:30
"Hey You" - 4:12
"The Gift" - 4:33
"Fall Down" - 4:24
"Push" - 3:37
"Another Day" - 4:50
"Once Before" - 3:49
"Unrequitted" - 3:53
"Through the Cracks" - 4:20
"Goodbye" - 3:38
"Your End Of Days" - 4:26
"Inside Your World" - 3:49
References
2006 albums
Godhead (band) albums |
23571677 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%AEr%C3%AEta | Pîrîta | Pîrîta is a village in Dubăsari District, Moldova.
Notable people
Vadim Pisari
References
Villages of Dubăsari District
Populated places on the Dniester |
23571687 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C20H29N3O2 | C20H29N3O2 | {{DISPLAYTITLE:C20H29N3O2}}
The molecular formula C20H29N3O2 (molar mass: 343.46 g/mol, exact mass: 343.2260 u) may refer to:
ADBICA (ADB-PICA)
Cinchocaine
Molecular formulas |
23571688 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sophia%20I%2C%20Abbess%20of%20Gandersheim | Sophia I, Abbess of Gandersheim | Sophia I (September 975 – 30 January 1039), a member of the royal Ottonian dynasty, was Abbess of Gandersheim from 1002, and from 1011 also Abbess of Essen. The daughter of Emperor Otto II and his consort Theophanu, she was an important kingmaker in medieval Germany.
Early life
According to the chronicles by Thietmar of Merseburg, Sophia was born to Emperor Otto II and Theophanu. She may have been the first surviving daughter, born in 975, though other sources indicate that her sister Adelaide, born 977, was in fact the eldest. Sophia is first documented in a 979 deed of donation, when her father entrusted her education to his first cousin, Abbess Gerberga II of Gandersheim. Sophia was raised and educated in Gandersheim Abbey to become abbess from childhood. Sophia being placed to take over Gandersheim abbey is significant as the abbey held a place of importance to the Ottonian dynasty. The abbey was founded by Duke Liudolf of Saxony, the oldest member of the Ottonian lineage, and was the site where many members of the family were laid to rest. The Abbey’s significance to the dynasty likely also helped keep peace between the often opposed Ottonian and Henrican lines of the Liudolfings, with Duke Henry the Quarrelsome, son of Henry of Bavaria who threatened the rule of his brother Otto I and father of Emperor Henry II, dying and being buried at the abbey while Sophia was a canoness there in 995. Abbess Gerberga taught her convent discipline and common law, both of which she mastered. Sophia received many grants of rights and property from her father as well as from her brother, Otto III, who succeeded as King of the Romans in 983.
Sophia took the vows to become a canoness in 989. As an emperor's daughter, she insisted on receiving the veil from the hands of The contemporary chronicler Thangmar, in his Vita Bernwardi (Life of Saint Bernward), records several incidents in which Sophia exercised her influence in the abbey to influence a dispute between the Bishops of Mainz and Hildesheim over their jurisdictions. Thangmar is often criticized as being an unreliable and biased source with authorship of portions of the Vita Bernwardi being brought into question by some scholars. This was a significant dispute at the time as Bishops exercised a considerable amount of political influence during the Ottonian Dynasty. Sophia insisted that she take the veil from Archbishop Willigis of Mainz, the archchancellor of the Holy Roman Empire, affronting the local Bishop Osdag of Hildesheim. Archbishop Willigis was very close to Otto III as he was one of the few members of clergy that supported Otto III during an attempted coup by Henry the Quarreler in 983. It is likely that Theophanu saw the veiling of Sophia as an opportunity for Willigis to show authority over Gandersheim as reward for his support during the coup attempt. This led to Osdag moving his episcopal throne from Hildesheim to the altar at Gandersheim. This led to a public argument between Osdag and Willigis before an assembly of canonesses as well as the Emperor Otto III and Theophanu. The two later agreed to veil Sophia together as long as Osdag retained the right to veil all other canonesses at the abbey.
Thangmar claimed that on several occasions when Bishop Bernward visited Gandersheim, that Sophia had convinced the canonesses of the abbey to receive him coldly rather than to give him a proper welcome. On one instance when Bernward came to consecrate a new church in 1000, he was met with an angry mob and upon successfully making his way into the church to begin mass, the canonesses reportedly cursed him and threw their offerings on the ground in front of Bernward rather than to present them to him in a respectful manner. In another instance, according to Thangmar, after returning from a meeting with Pope Sylvester II in which Bernward was granted authority over Gandersheim in 1001, the Bishop was kept from entering the church by a group of soldiers assembled by Sophia, who had taken defensive positions around the church. Bernward returned and consecrated the Abbey in 1007 with the support of Emperor Henry II, but in 1021 when Aribo became the new Archbishop of Mainz, Sophia asked of him to question Bernward’s authority and again return Gandersheim to the jurisdiction of Mainz. Thangmar attributes these incidents to Sophia being prideful, irreverent, and falling to excess and vice. Though he is considered to be a very biased source, intending to show Bernward in good light, this may not actually reflect the attitude of Sophia.It is worth noting of Bernward’s apparent dislike for Sophia, that Gandersheim was a rather wealthy Abbey, being granted rights to collect tolls at a local major crossroad, mint coins, and to have a market in 990 by Otto III, and if not accepted as having authority there, he would not be able to benefit off of the Abbey’s revenues. When Otto III granted these rights to the abbey, he also granted authority to hold a court which would take precedence over other judicial forums.
Sophia and her brother, Otto III, seemed to be on good terms with each other; she received several gifts and attended the 994 Imperial Diet, where Otto was declared to have reached majority. He vested his sister with the estates of Eschwege Abbey, at the explicit wish of their late mother Theophanu who had died in 991. Sophia also acted as an intercessor for her brother on many diplomas granted by his court. From 995 until 997, Sophia was absent from the convent, accompanying her brother on his first Italian campaign. She acted as abbess of Eschwege from 997. Sophia’s time in her brother’s court allowed her to make many connections with politically powerful people and nobles across Saxony, allowing her to take on a much more active role in politics than the Abbesses which preceded her at Gandersheim.
Princess-Abbess
In 1001, her tutor Abbess Gerberga II of Gandersheim died. However, due to her brother's death, Sophia was not to be elected her successor until 1002, with the approval of the new king Henry II. Likely as a reward for her support of Henry’s claim to the throne, Sophia was made Abbess at the same ceremony where Queen Cunigund was crowned. Sophia would later fight her ecclesiastical superiors who, with approval of Emperor Henry II, endangered Gandersheim's privileges and her own status.
In April of 1002, Sophia played a significant role in the crowning of Henry II. Sophia, along with her sister, Adelheid of Quedlinburg, attended a gathering of nobles at Werla to discuss the succession of the crown. After an assembly in which many saxon nobles supported the claim of Duke Henry of Bavaria over Margrave Ekkehard of Meißen, a small feast had been prepared for Sophia and Adelheid. In retaliation for his lack of support, Ekkehard sat at the table before Sophia and Adelheid arrived and ate the food prepared for him. This incident angered Sophia and Adelheid, causing them to further support Henry’s claim. After leaving the assembly with critic of Sophia, Bishop Bernward of Hildesheim, Ekkehard was murdered by a group of nobles near Pohlde. After Ekkehard’s death, many nobles supported Duke Hermann of Swabia, but the influence of Sophia, Adelheid and other Saxon elites allowed Duke Henry to be crowned Henry II in June of 1002. They later legitimized him in 1024, when he visited Vreden and Quedlinburg. Sophia and her sister later played the same role in the election of Conrad II as first Holy Roman Emperor of the Salian dynasty.
In 1011, Sophia was also granted Essen Abbey on the death of her cousin Mathilde. The succession had initially been reserved for her younger sister Matilda, who nevertheless had married Count Palatine Ezzo of Lotharingia instead. According to the local historian Georg Humann (1847–1932), Essen was always secondary for Sophia, and the importance of the abbey declined somewhat under her rule. The rebuilding of Essen Minster was delayed, though recent research suggests that it was Sophia who initiated the remodeling of the Enamel Cross.
Death
She ruled her abbeys successfully until her death in 1039. Despite the help he had received from the sisters, Conrad II denied Adelheid's request to succeed Sophia as Abbess of Gandersheim. Henry III, Holy Roman Emperor, eventually granted Adelheid the right to rule Gandersheim.
Ancestry
References
|-
970s births
1039 deaths
Ottonian dynasty
11th-century Saxon people
10th-century German women
11th-century German abbesses
People of Byzantine descent
Abbesses of Gandersheim
Daughters of emperors
Daughters of kings |
23571689 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxentea | Oxentea | Oxentea is a village in Dubăsari District, Moldova.
References
Villages of Dubăsari District
Populated places on the Dniester |
23571690 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borsalino%20%28film%29 | Borsalino (film) | Borsalino is a 1970 French gangster film directed by Jacques Deray and starring Jean-Paul Belmondo, Alain Delon and Catherine Rouvel. It was entered into the 20th Berlin International Film Festival. In 2009, Empire named it No. 19 in a poll of "The 20 Greatest Gangster Movies You've Never Seen… Probably". A sequel, Borsalino & Co., was released in 1974 with Alain Delon in the leading role. The film is based on real-life gangsters Paul Carbone and François Spirito, who collaborated with Nazi Germany during the occupation of France in World War II (though this is not mentioned in the film).
Plot
In 1930, in Marseille, a gangster named Siffredi is released from prison and searches for his former girlfriend, Lola. He finds her with Capella, another gangster. The two men fight over her but become friendly and form a partnership, fixing horseraces and prizefights.
They are contacted by Rinaldi, a lawyer who works for Marello and Poli, the two crime bosses who control all the organized crime in Marseille. Rinaldi suggests that Siffredi and Capella should seize control of Marseille's fish market and take it away from Marello. They succeed but they become too ambitious and try to take control of the meat market which is controlled by Poli. He tries to have Capella and Siffredi killed but they succeed in killing him instead. Rinaldi is killed by another gangster named The Dancer.
Capella and Siffredi establish themselves as the new bosses of Marseille's underworld. Capella decides to leave Marseille but is killed by an assassin. Siffredi then decides to leave Marseille himself.
Cast
Jean-Paul Belmondo – François Capella
Alain Delon – Roch Siffredi
Arnoldo Foà – Marello
Catherine Rouvel – Lola
Françoise Christophe – Simone Escarguel
Corinne Marchand – Mme Rinaldi
Laura Adani – Mme Siffredi, la mère de Roch
Nicole Calfan – Ginette
Hélène Rémy – Lydia
Odette Piquet – La chanteuse
Mario David – Mario
Lionel Vitrant – Fernand
Dennis Berry – Nono
Jean Aron – Martial Roger, le compatible
André Bollet – Poli
Pierre Koulak – Spada
Production
Development
Alain Delon wanted to produce the film because he was looking for a project in which to collaborate with Jean-Paul Belmondo. He found the story of Carbone and Spirito in a crime book he was reading about French gangsters from 1900 to 1970.
Originally the film was going to be called Carbone and Spirito, but after there were objections about using the names of real gangsters, the characters were fictionalized and the idea was dropped. Alain Delon said he wanted something like Vera Cruz because the title would not have to be translated all around the world. Eventually, the title was taken from the famous Borsalino company which had been making fedora-style hats since the late 19th century. Its golden age was between the 1920s and 1940s, which is within the film's time frame. As a consequence of the movie, there was revival in the popularity of Borsalino fedora hats.
Casting
Despite Delon's desire to work with Belmondo, the relationship between the pair broke down after filming was completed. Director Jacques Deray noted that, "All through production Delon was impeccable, never interfered. But when the film was completed "Delon the producer" stepped in and took it over." Delon said while promoting the film in the US:
We are still what you in America call pals or buddies. But we are not friends. There is a difference. He was my guest in the film but still he complained. I like him as an actor but as a person, he's a bit different. I think his reaction was a stupid reaction... almost like a female reaction. But I don't want to talk about him anymore.
Delon's associate producer, Pierre Caro, said:
If you ask me, I think Belmondo was afraid from the first to make a picture with Alain. He demanded the same number of close ups. Alain had to cancel a lot of his best scenes because they made him look better than Belmondo. My own feeling is that they will never work together again. Alain says they will but he lies.
Under the terms of their contracts, Belmondo and Delon were required to have the same number of close-ups, which prompted Delon to dye his hair black for his role.
Belmondo later sued Delon in court over the manner in which their names were billed in the production. Belmondo was annoyed that the title card "an Alain Delon Production" appeared before his name in the credits.
Filming
The film was shot on location in and around Marseille, France. Interiors were completed in Paris. The film remains one of the most expensive French films ever made. Finance mostly came from Paramount Pictures.
Reception
The film was a large success at the French box office, breaking records throughout the country. It had admissions in France of 4,710,381. This made it the fourth most watched film of the year, after The Gendarme Takes Off, Atlantic Wall, and Rider on the Rain. It was followed by The Red Circle, MASH, Once Upon a Time in the West, The Things of Life, Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid, Donkey Skin and The Damned.
The film was also very popular elsewhere in Europe, but did not break through in the US the way the filmmakers hoped. While it was released the Markovic Affair was still being heavily publicised, adding to the film's notoriety.
Variety said "problem is that pic is more a vehicle for its stars' personalities than a more cogent insight into French pre-war organized gangsters." Time Out remarked it was "fairly basic as a gangster pastiche ...but not unenjoyable thanks to its loudly stressed period detail and Claude Bolling's jolly score for mechanical piano."
References
External links
Borsalino at Le Film Guide
Review of film at The New York Times
Borsalino at TCMDB
1970 films
1970s buddy comedy films
1970s crime comedy films
Films about organized crime in France
Films directed by Jacques Deray
Films produced by Alain Delon
Films set in 1930
Films set in Marseille
Films shot in Marseille
Films shot in Paris
French crime comedy films
1970s French-language films
French gangster films
Italian gangster films
Italian buddy comedy films
Italian crime comedy films
Films with screenplays by Jean-Claude Carrière
1970 comedy films
Films scored by Claude Bolling
1970s Italian films
1970s French films |
23571693 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rutland | Rutland | Rutland () is a ceremonial county and unitary authority in the East Midlands, England. The county is bounded to the west and north by Leicestershire, to the northeast by Lincolnshire and the southeast by Northamptonshire.
Its greatest length north to south is only and its greatest breadth east to west is . It is the smallest historic county in England and the fourth smallest in the UK as a whole. Because of this, the Latin motto Multum in Parvo or "much in little" was adopted by the county council in 1950. It has the smallest population of any normal unitary authority in England. Among the current ceremonial counties, the Isle of Wight, City of London and City of Bristol are smaller in area. The former County of London, in existence 1889 to 1965, also had a smaller area. It is 323rd of the 326 districts in population.
The only towns in Rutland are Oakham, the county town, and Uppingham. At the centre of the county is Rutland Water, a large artificial reservoir that is an important nature reserve serving as an overwintering site for wildfowl and a breeding site for ospreys.
Rutland's older cottages are built from limestone or ironstone and many have roofs of Collyweston stone slate or thatch.
Etymology
The origin of the name of the county is unclear. In a 1909 edition of Notes and Queries Harriot Tabor suggested "that the name should be Ruthland, and that there is a part of Essex called the Ruth, and that the ancient holders of it were called Ruthlanders, since altered to Rutland"; however, responses suggest "that Rutland, as a name, was earlier than the Norman Conquest. Its first mention, as "Roteland", occurs in the will of Edward the Confessor; in Domesday it is "the King's soc of Roteland", not being then a shire; and in the reign of John it was assigned as a dowry to Queen Isabella.
The northwestern part of the county was recorded as Rutland, a detached part of Nottinghamshire, in Domesday Book; the south-eastern part as the wapentake of Wicelsea in Northamptonshire. It was first mentioned as a separate county in 1159, but as late as the 14th century it was referred to as the 'Soke of Rutland'. Rutlandshire is an archaic and rarely used alternative name.
Rutland may be from Old English or "cattle" and "land", as a record from 1128 as Ritelanede shows. However, A Dictionary of British Place-Names by A D Mills gives an alternative etymology, "Rota's land", from the Old English (Anglo-Saxon) personal name and land land. It is from the alternative interpretation of red land that the traditional nickname for a male person from Rutland, a "Raddle Man", derives.
History
Earl of Rutland and Duke of Rutland are titles in the peerage of England held in the Manners family, derived from the historic county of Rutland. The Earl of Rutland was elevated to the status of Duke in 1703 and the titles were merged. The family seat is Belvoir Castle, Leicestershire.
The office of High Sheriff of Rutland was instituted in 1129, and there has been a Lord Lieutenant of Rutland since at least 1559. Oakham Castle was built c.1180–1190 and is "one of the nation’s best-preserved Norman buildings" and is a Grade I listed building.
By the time of the 19th century it had been divided into the hundreds of Alstoe, East Rutland, Martinsley, Oakham and Wrandike.
Rutland covered parts of three poor law unions and rural sanitary districts (RSDs): those of Oakham, Uppingham and Stamford. The registration county of Rutland contained the entirety of Oakham and Uppingham RSDs, which included several parishes in Leicestershire and Northamptonshire – the eastern part in Stamford RSD was included in the Lincolnshire registration county. Under the Poor Laws, Oakham Union workhouse was built in 1836–37 at a site to the north-east of the town, with room for 100 paupers. The building later operated as the Catmose Vale Hospital, and now forms part of the Oakham School.
In 1894 under the Local Government Act 1894 the rural sanitary districts were partitioned along county boundaries to form three rural districts. The part of Oakham and Uppingham RSDs in Rutland formed the Oakham Rural District and Uppingham Rural District, with the two parishes from Oakham RSD in Leicestershire becoming part of the Melton Mowbray Rural District, the nine parishes of Uppingham RSD in Leicestershire becoming the Hallaton Rural District, and the six parishes of Uppingham RSD in Northamptonshire becoming Gretton Rural District. Meanwhile, that part of Stamford RSD in Rutland became the Ketton Rural District.
Oakham Urban District was created from Oakham Rural District in 1911. It was subsequently abolished in 1974.
Rutland was included in the "East Midlands General Review Area" of the 1958–67 Local Government Commission for England. Draft recommendations would have seen Rutland split, with Ketton Rural District going along with Stamford to a new administrative county of Cambridgeshire, and the western part added to Leicestershire. The final proposals were less radical and instead proposed that Rutland become a single rural district within the administrative county of Leicestershire.
District of Leicestershire (1974–1997)
Rutland became a non-metropolitan district of Leicestershire under the Local Government Act 1972, which took effect on 1 April 1974. The original proposal was for Rutland to be merged with what is now the Melton borough, as Rutland did not meet the requirement of having a population of at least 40,000. The revised and implemented proposals allowed Rutland to be exempt from this.
Unitary authority (1997–present)
In 1994, the Local Government Commission for England, which was conducting a structural review of English local government, recommended that Rutland become a unitary authority. This was implemented on 1 April 1997, when Rutland County Council became responsible for almost all local services in Rutland, with the exception of the Leicestershire Fire and Rescue Service and Leicestershire Police, which are run by joint boards with Leicestershire County Council and Leicester City Council. Rutland regained a separate lieutenancy and shrievalty, and thus also regained status as a ceremonial county.
Rutland was a postal county until the Royal Mail integrated it into the Leicestershire postal county in 1974. After a lengthy campaign, and despite counties no longer being required for postal purposes, the Royal Mail agreed to re-create a postal county of Rutland in 2007. This was achieved in January 2008 by amending the former postal county for all of the Oakham (LE15) post town and a small part of the Market Harborough (LE16) post town.
Politics and subdivisions
Wards
As from the May 2019 elections, there are 27 councillors representing 15 wards on Rutland County Council. They represent a mixture of one, two and three-person wards.
Parliamentary constituency
Rutland formed a Parliamentary constituency on its own until 1918, when it became part of the Rutland and Stamford constituency, along with Stamford in Lincolnshire. Since 1983 it has formed part of the Rutland and Melton constituency along with Melton borough and part of Harborough district from Leicestershire.
As of the 2019 general election, Alicia Kearns is the member of parliament for Rutland and Melton, having received 62.6% of the vote.
Civil parishes
The county comprises 57 civil parishes, which range considerably in size and population, from Martinsthorpe (nil population) to Oakham (10,922 residents in the 2011 census).
Demographics
The population in the 2011 Census was 37,369, a rise of 8% on the 2001 total of 34,563. This is a population density of 98 people per square kilometre. 2.7% of the population are from ethnic minority backgrounds compared to 9.1% nationally. In terms of religious affiliation, around 68.2% are of Christian faith, with "No religion" being around 22.9%. 0.4% are of Islamic faith and other religions at less than 1%.
In 2006 it was reported that Rutland has the highest fertility rate of any English county – the average woman having 2.81 children, compared with only 1.67 in Tyne and Wear.
In December 2006, Sport England published a survey which revealed that residents of Rutland were the 6th most active in England in sports and other fitness activities. 27.4% of the population participate at least 3 times a week for 30 minutes.
In 2012, the well-being report by the Office for National Statistics found Rutland to be the "happiest county" in the mainland UK.
Geography
The particular geology of the area has given its name to the Rutland Formation which was formed from muds and sand carried down by rivers and occurring as bands of different colours, each with many fossil shells at the bottom. At the bottom of the Rutland Formation is a bed of dirty white sandy silt. Under the Rutland Formation is a formation called the Lincolnshire limestone. The best exposure of this limestone (and also the Rutland Formation) is at the Ketton Cement Works quarry just outside Ketton.
Rutland is dominated by Rutland Water, a large artificial lake formerly known as "Empingham Reservoir", in the middle of the county, which is almost bisected by the Hambleton Peninsula. The west part is in the Vale of Catmose. Rutland Water, when construction started in 1971, became Europe's largest man-made lake; construction was completed in 1975, and filling the lake took a further four years. This has been voted Rutland's favourite tourist attraction.
The highest point of the county is at Cold Overton Park (historically part of Flitteriss Park) at 197 m (646 ft) above sea level close to the west border (OS Grid reference: SK8271708539). The lowest point is close to the east border, in secluded farmland at North Lodge Farm, northeast of Belmesthorpe, at just 17 m (56 feet) above sea level (OS Grid reference: TF056611122); this corner of the county is on the edge of The Fens and is drained by the West Glen.
Rivers
River Chater
Eye Brook
River Gwash
River Welland
Economy
There are 17,000 people of working age in Rutland, of which the highest percentage (30.8%) work in Public Administration, Education and Health, closely followed by 29.7% in Distribution, Hotels and Restaurants and 16.7% in Manufacturing industries. Significant employers include Lands' End in Oakham and the Ketton Cement Works. Other employers in Rutland include two Ministry of Defence bases – Kendrew Barracks (formerly RAF Cottesmore) and St George's Barracks (previously RAF North Luffenham), two public schools – Oakham and Uppingham – and one prison, Stocken. The former Ashwell prison closed at the end of March 2011 after a riot and government review but, having been purchased by Rutland County Council, has now been turned into Oakham Enterprise Park. The county used to supply iron ore to Corby steel works but these quarries closed in the 1960s and early 1970s resulting in the famous walk of "Sundew" (the Exton quarries' large walking dragline) from Exton to Corby, which even featured on the children's TV series Blue Peter. Agriculture thrives with much wheat farming on the rich soil. Tourism continues to grow.
The Ruddles Brewery was Langham's biggest industry until it was closed in 1997. Rutland bitter is one of only three UK beers to have achieved Protected Geographical Indication status; this followed an application by Ruddles. When Greene King, the owners of Ruddles, closed the Langham brewery it was unable to take advantage of the registration. However, in 2010 a Rutland Bitter was launched by Oakham's Grainstore Brewery.
It is 348th out of 354 on the Indices of Deprivation for England, showing it to be one of the least economically deprived areas in the country.
In March 2007, Rutland became only the fourth Fairtrade County.
This is a chart of trend of regional gross value added of the non-metropolitan county of Leicestershire and Rutland at current basic prices with figures in millions of British Pounds Sterling.
includes hunting and forestry
includes energy and construction
includes financial intermediation services indirectly measured
Components may not sum to totals due to rounding
As far as the NHS is concerned Rutland is generally treated as part of Leicestershire.
Transport
A small part of the East Coast Main Line passes through Rutland's north-east corner, near Essendine. It was on this stretch that a train pulled by the locomotive Mallard set the world speed record for steam locomotives on 3 July 1938, with a speed of .
Rutland was the last county in England without a direct rail service to London (apart from the Isle of Wight and several administrative counties which are unitary authorities). East Midlands Trains started running a single service from Oakham railway station to London St Pancras via Corby on 27 April 2009.
Through the Rutland Electric Car Project, Rutland was the first county to offer a county-wide public electric-vehicle charging network.
In popular culture
Rutland's small size has led to a number of humorous references such as Rutland Weekend Television, a television comedy sketch series hosted by Eric Idle. The county is the supposed home of the parody rock band The Rutles, who first appeared on Rutland Weekend Television.
The events in several Peter F. Hamilton books (including Misspent Youth and Mindstar Rising) are situated in Rutland, where the author lives. Adam Croft is writing the Rutland crime series, beginning with What Lies Beneath (2020).
Rutland was the last county in England without a McDonald's restaurant. However, in January 2020 a planning application for a McDonald's restaurant on the outskirts of Oakham was approved by the County Council and the restaurant opened on 4 November 2020.
Traditions
Rutland's traditions include:
Letting of the Banks (Whissendine): The Banks are pasture land and the letting traditionally occurs in the third week of March
Rush Bearing and Rush Strewing (Barrowden): Reeds are gathered in the church meadow on the eve of St Peter's Day and placed on the church floor (late June, early July)
Uppingham Market was granted by Charter in 1281 by Edward I.
According to tradition, any royalty or peers passing through Oakham must present a horseshoe to the Lord of the Manor of Oakham. The horseshoe has been Rutland's emblem for hundreds of years.
Education
Harington School provides post-16 education in the county. Rutland County College closed in 2017.
Places of interest
Barnsdale Gardens
Lyddington Bede House
Oakham Castle
Rutland County Museum, Oakham
Rutland Railway Museum, Ashwell
Rutland Water
Tolethorpe Hall
The Viking Way
Rutland Water Nature Reserve
See also
Flag of Rutland
High Sheriff of Rutland
List of birds of Leicestershire and Rutland
Lord Lieutenant of Rutland
Kesteven
Parts of Holland
Soke of Peterborough
References
Bibliography
External links
Rutland County Council
Rutland Local History & Record Society
Unitary authority districts of England
East Midlands
Local government districts of the East Midlands
Counties of England established in antiquity
Counties of England disestablished in 1974
Counties of England established in 1997 |
23571694 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molovata | Molovata | Molovata is a village in Dubăsari District, Moldova.
References
Villages of Dubăsari District
Populated places on the Dniester |
23571697 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ATCvet%20code%20QI03 | ATCvet code QI03 |
QI03A Goat
QI03AA Inactivated viral vaccines
Empty group
QI03AB Inactivated bacterial vaccines (including mycoplasma, toxoid and chlamydia)
QI03AB01 Mycobacterium
QI03AC Inactivated bacterial vaccines and antisera
Empty group
QI03AD Live viral vaccines
QI03AD01 Peste des petits ruminants (PPR)
QI03AE Live bacterial vaccines
QI03AE01 Mycobacterium
QI03AF Live bacterial and viral vaccines
Empty group
QI03AG Live and inactivated bacterial vaccines
Empty group
QI03AH Live and inactivated viral vaccines
Empty group
QI03AI Live viral and inactivated bacterial vaccines
Empty group
QI03AJ Live and inactivated viral and bacterial vaccines
Empty group
QI03AK Inactivated viral and live bacterial vaccines
Empty group
QI03AL Inactivated viral and inactivated bacterial vaccines
Empty group
QI03AM Antisera, immunoglobulin preparations, and antitoxins
Empty group
QI03AN Live parasitic vaccines
Empty group
QI03AO Inactivated parasitic vaccines
Empty group
QI03AP Live fungal vaccines
Empty group
QI03AQ Inactivated fungal vaccines
Empty group
QI03AR In vivo diagnostic preparations
Empty group
QI03AS Allergens
Empty group
QI03AT Colostrum preparations and substitutes
Empty group
QI03AU Other live vaccines
Empty group
QI03AV Other inactivated vaccines
Empty group
QI03AX Other immunologicals
Empty group
QI03X Capridae, others
Empty group
Notes
References
I03 |
20464812 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Directors%20Guild%20of%20America%20Award%20for%20Outstanding%20Directing%20%E2%80%93%20Drama%20Series | Directors Guild of America Award for Outstanding Directing – Drama Series | The Directors Guild of America Award for Outstanding Directorial Achievement in Dramatic Series is one of the annual Directors Guild of America Awards given by the Directors Guild of America. It was first presented at the 24th Directors Guild of America Awards in 1972. The current eligibility period is the calendar year.
Winners and nominees
1970s
1980s
1990s
2000s
2010s
2020s
Programs with multiple awards
4 awards
Hill Street Blues (NBC)
3 awards
ER (NBC)
Lou Grant (CBS)
2 awards
Breaking Bad (AMC)
Game of Thrones (HBO)
Homeland (Showtime)
Kojak (CBS)
Mad Men (AMC)
Moonlighting (ABC)
NYPD Blue (ABC)
The Sopranos (HBO)
Succession (HBO)
thirtysomething (ABC)
The West Wing (NBC)
Programs with multiple nominations
16 nominations
The Sopranos (HBO)
11 nominations
ER (NBC)
10 nominations
Game of Thrones (HBO)
9 nominations
Homeland (Showtime)
Mad Men (AMC)
8 nominations
Hill Street Blues (NBC)
NYPD Blue (ABC)
The West Wing (NBC)
7 nominations
Succession (HBO)
6 nominations
Lost (ABC)
Six Feet Under (HBO)
5 nominations
Lou Grant (CBS)
St. Elsewhere (NBC)
thirtysomething (ABC)
4 nominations
Breaking Bad (AMC)
L.A. Law (NBC)
Northern Exposure (CBS)
3 nominations
24 (Fox)
Grey's Anatomy (ABC)
Homicide: Life on the Street (NBC)
Kojak (CBS)
The X-Files (Fox)
2 nominations
American Crime Story (FX)
Boardwalk Empire (HBO)
Cagney & Lacey (CBS)
Family (ABC)
The Handmaid's Tale (Hulu)
House of Cards (Netflix)
I'll Fly Away (NBC)
In Treatment (HBO)
Moonlighting (ABC)
Ozark (Netflix)
The Streets of San Francisco (ABC)
Stranger Things (Netflix)
The Waltons (CBS)
Watchmen (HBO)
Individuals with multiple awards
3 awards
Lesli Linka Glatter
2 awards
Robert Butler (consecutive)
Christopher Chulack (consecutive)
Marshall Herskovitz (consecutive)
Eric Laneuville
Will Mackenzie (consecutive)
Roger Young (consecutive)
Individuals with multiple nominations
8 nominations
Paris Barclay
Lesli Linka Glatter
7 nominations
Mark Tinker
5 nominations
Tim Van Patten
4 nominations
Dan Attias
Jack Bender
Christopher Chulack
Eric Laneuville
David Nutter
Thomas Schlamme
3 nominations
David Anspaugh
Alan Ball
Chris Carter
Allen Coulter
Jennifer Getzinger
Vince Gilligan
Charles Haid
Marshall Herskovitz
Mimi Leder
John Patterson
Gene Reynolds
Alan Taylor
Matthew Weiner
2 nominations
Félix Enríquez Alcalá
Corey Allen
Michael Apted
Jason Bateman
Henry J. Bronchtein
Steve Buscemi
Robert Butler
Jon Cassar
James Cellan Jones
David Chase
Michael Cuesta
Marc Daniels
Charles S. Dubin
The Duffer Brothers
David Friedkin
Alex Graves
Joseph Hardy
Gregory Hoblit
Peter Horton
Will Mackenzie
Miguel Sapochnik
Roger Young
Total awards by network
NBC – 13
HBO – 12
ABC – 9
CBS – 7
AMC – 5
Showtime – 2
Fox – 1
Hulu – 1
PBS – 1
References
External links
(official website)
Directors Guild of America Awards |
20464837 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big%20Reed%20Pond | Big Reed Pond | Big Reed Pond is a freshwater pond located in Montauk, New York on Long Island. A site including the pond, brackish marshland and natural sand dunes was designated as a National Natural Landmark in 1973. The largely undeveloped pond is located within Theodore Roosevelt County Park.
The Montaukett tribe lived in the vicinity of the pond until the mid-19th century.
The pond and its associated wetlands are accessible via hiking trails that are open to the public.
See also
List of National Natural Landmarks in New York
References
East Hampton (town), New York
National Natural Landmarks in New York (state)
Ponds of New York (state)
Lakes of Suffolk County, New York |
23571698 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip%20Henry%20Nind | Philip Henry Nind | Philip Henry Nind (7 April 1831 – 9 March 1896) was an English rower and gold commissioner in colonial British Columbia. He was also a politician in Queensland, Australia, where he was a Member of the Queensland Legislative Assembly.
Early life
Philip Henry Nind was born in Wargrave, Berkshire on 7 April 1831, the son of Rev. Philip Henry Nind and his wife Agnes Bussell. He attended Eton College and Christ Church, Oxford where he was a proficient rower. In the 1852 Boat Race, he rowed No 3 in the winning Oxford boat stroked by J W Chitty. At Henley Royal Regatta, he won Silver Goblets in 1852 partnering H R Barker and was also a member of the winning Oxford four in the Stewards' Challenge Cup. In 1853 Nind was a member of the winning Oxford eight in the Grand Challenge Cup at Henley and was also again in the winning Oxford four in Stewards' Challenge Cup. He was a member of the crew in the winning Oxford Boat in the 1854 Boat Race.
British Columbia
In 1860 Nind took the position of Gold Commissioner and JP for Cariboo, British Columbia as the Cariboo Gold Rush was just getting under way. William Pinchbeck accompanied Nind to Williams Lake to create a local government and bring law and order to the area. Nind had originally considered Fort Alexandria for this purpose but chose Williams Lake instead as it was at a junction of two main pack trails: one from the Douglas Road and another through the Fraser Canyon. While stationed in the Cariboo Nind wrote voluminous letters and reports to Vancouver Island governor James Douglas in Victoria, telling him about the many developments taking place in the district. In 1861 Nind had a government house built and requested the construction of a jail. By the middle of the year he was severely overworked causing him insomnia and a nervous twitch, In October he requested leave and in December went to England. It took three men to replace him in the work he had been doing. He was succeeded as gold commissioner by Thomas Elwyn until Elwyn resigned later in the year through conflict of interest in having his own claim. Nind returned to British Columbia with his new wife in 1863. When the gold escort was temporarily revived in 1863 Elwyn was made second in command to Nind Nind was moved around from one backwater post to another until he resigned in 1866.
Queensland, Australia
In 1869 Nind and his wife moved to Queensland, Australia. He was for a time in North Queensland where he was active in exploration. On 4 October 1873 he accompanied George Elphinstone Dalrymple and Sub-Inspector Robert Johnstone in entering the Glady's River.
In conjunction with Mr Fursden, Nind established a farm on the Pimpama River of about 2000 acres with about 80 acres of sugarcane.
He became a Member of the Queensland Legislative Assembly representing the electorate of Logan from 28 November 1873 to 27 May 1874 and from 8 June 1874 to 3 April 1875. The first election was declared void. He was elected to the Legislative Assembly by a very small majority.
Later life
In 1876 Nind returned to England as an emigration lecturer appointed by the Queensland Government. He died on 9 March 1896 at Lashlake House, Thame, Oxfordshire, England aged 64.
Nind Street in Southport is named after him.
See also
List of Oxford University Boat Race crews
References
1832 births
1896 deaths
People educated at Eton College
Alumni of Christ Church, Oxford
English male rowers
Gold commissioners in British Columbia
Pre-Confederation British Columbia people
Members of the Queensland Legislative Assembly
19th-century Australian politicians |
23571702 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marc%C4%83u%C8%9Bi | Marcăuți | Marcăuţi may refer to:
Marcăuţi, Briceni, a commune in Moldova
Marcăuţi, Dubăsari, a commune in Moldova |
23571707 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marc%C4%83u%C8%9Bi%2C%20Dub%C4%83sari | Marcăuți, Dubăsari | Marcăuți is a village in Dubăsari District, Moldova.
References
Villages of Dubăsari District
Populated places on the Dniester |
20464850 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2009%20Greenlandic%20general%20election | 2009 Greenlandic general election | General elections were held in Greenland on 2 June 2009. Prime Minister Hans Enoksen announced the election date on 15 April 2009, stating that he would prefer for a newly elected parliament to administer Greenland when the self-government reform took effect on 21 June 2009. The reform gave more power to the Greenlandic parliament with decisions on most issues being devolved to the parliament but defence and foreign affairs remaining under the control of Denmark.
Results
The pro-independence, left-wing opposition party, Inuit Ataqatigiit led by Kuupik Kleist emerged as the largest party with 43.7% of the vote. Kleist set a new record for most votes in a Greenlandic election with 5,461 received. This compares with Akitsinnguaq Olsen who was elected with just 112 votes.
The governing Siumut led by Prime Minister Hans Enoksen received 26.5% of the vote and lost control of the government for the first time in 30 years. Former Siumut leader and Prime Minister Jonathan Motzfeldt failed to be re-elected for the first time since 1971, receiving just 91 votes . Enoksen stated that he would step down as party leader, a position he had held since 2002, if his colleagues wished him to. Siumut was believed to have lost votes over a series of scandals, including one over expenses, and concerns over its ability to manage with greater autonomy.
The newly formed Sorlaat Partiiat gained just 383 votes in the election and dissolved shortly afterwards. The party stood on a platform of huge spending reductions and opposed Greenland rejoining the EU.
Aftermath
Siumut was considered likely to be left out of government as both the Inuit Ataqatigiit and Demokraatit parties ruled out the possibility of working with them. Siumut's former coalition partner, Atassut, gained too few seats to make a new coalition powerful enough to challenge for the government.
On 7 June 2009, Inuit Ataqatigiit announced that it would form a coalition with the Democrats and the Association of Candidates.
References
Greenland
Elections in Greenland
2009 in Greenland
Greenland |
20464860 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MTV%20Brand%20New%20%28Italian%20TV%20channel%29 | MTV Brand New (Italian TV channel) | MTV Brand New was an Italian television channel which played mainly indie music videos with many music-related themed zones and some productions from MTV USA like Beavis and Butt-Head, subtitled in Italian.
It was broadcast only on SKY Italia channel 706 (available also on Italian IPTV services).
The channel was replaced by MTV Rocks on 10 January 2011.
References
External links
Official site
MTV channels
Telecom Italia Media
Music television channels
Defunct television channels in Italy
Television channels and stations established in 2003
Television channels and stations disestablished in 2011
2003 establishments in Italy
2011 disestablishments in Italy
Italian-language television stations
Music organisations based in Italy |
6901318 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max%20Gradel | Max Gradel | Max-Alain Gradel (born 30 November 1987) is an Ivorian professional footballer who plays as a winger or striker for Turkish club Sivasspor and the Ivory Coast national team.
Gradel received his first call-up to the Ivory Coast national team in November 2010. He made his debut for the national side on 5 June 2011. On 30 April 2011, Gradel won both the Fans Player of the Year and Players' Player of the Year awards at Leeds. In June 2018, he joined French club Toulouse.
Club career
After moving to the UK from Paris, France, in 2004, Gradel attended Lewisham College Football Academy, under the tutelage of then Head Coach Aaron Jacob, who was one of his early mentors. He attended the Bon Giourno Cup in the Netherlands and the team went on to win the trophy conceding no goals, with Gradel scoring 11 of 17. He was due to attend the Dallas Cup with the team but was offered a Pro contract and made the decision not to go. "Everything started at Lewisham College," says Gradel. "We were all good players in the Football Academy; I think I made it a bit by chance.
Gradel began playing football when he was two years old in the Ivory Coast. After leaving Lewisham College, Gradel was offered trials with Arsenal, Chelsea, West Ham United and Leicester City and spent four months with Arsenal before signing with Leicester. From there he moved to Leeds United where he played regularly for the Championship side.
Gradel was given a squad number for the 2007–08 season. On 5 May 2007, he signed his first professional contract with Leicester along with seven other players, including Eric Odhiambo, Andy King and Carl Pentney.
Loan at AFC Bournemouth
On 6 August 2007, Leicester City manager Martin Allen made Gradel and Conrad Logan available for loan for the forthcoming season. Three days later, Gradel joined AFC Bournemouth on an initial one-month loan, which was extended for the season on transfer deadline day (31 August). However, he was unable to play as many games with the Cherries as he had hoped due to the death of his mother in early October. As a result, he was told by Bournemouth manager Kevin Bond that he could take all the time he needed to return to England.
He returned to Leicester early on 3 January 2008, although Bond stated he wanted to take him back to Bournemouth on loan again, a move which was completed for the rest of the season on 11 January. Gradel's form at Bournemouth earned him a new three-year deal at Leicester, which he signed on 6 February.
Return to Leicester and promotion
He made his league debut for Leicester against Milton Keynes Dons on 9 August 2008, setting up a goal as Leicester won 2–0 at the Walkers Stadium. On 14 August, Gradel signed a new contract that would last until June 2012. He scored his first senior goal in a 2–1 FA Cup defeat to Crystal Palace on 14 January 2009, and his first league goal in a 2–2 draw against MK Dons on 28 February, scoring an equalising free-kick at injury time. His free kick away at MK Dons won the Goal of the Season award at the Leicester City Supporters Club Awards on 23 April. Gradel made 32 appearances in all competitions as Leicester secured their promotion as league champions. In the following season however, Gradel made just one substitute appearance in the League Cup.
Leeds United
2009–10 season
On 19 October 2009, Gradel joined Leeds United on loan for a month. He made his debut as a substitute in a 2–1 win over Norwich City that same evening. Gradel scored his first goal for Leeds on 31 October against Yeovil Town within minutes after coming on as a substitute, which prompted chants from the crowd of "Grayson sign him up".
Leeds manager Simon Grayson said he wanted to extend Gradel's loan move beyond the initial month. Gradel himself stated he would like to extend the loan deal at Leeds and even hinted he would be happy to move to Leeds on a permanent deal. Leicester refused Leeds permission to play Gradel in their FA Cup game against Oldham Athletic. Gradel started his first game for Leeds in the 3–1 win against Grimsby Town, contributing to Leeds' first goal as his cross was diverted by Olly Lancashire into his own net. The game would have been the last of Gradel's initial one-month loan. The loan was extended to 2 January 2010 on 13 November.
Gradel scored the winning goal for Leeds in the 89th minute against Leyton Orient after coming off the bench for Leeds. He made his first start in the league for Leeds against Oldham. He provided two assists in the same game for Neil Kilkenny's and Luciano Becchio's goals. Gradel scored three minutes after coming on for Leeds as a substitute in the West Yorkshire derby against Huddersfield Town. He made his second league start for Leeds in the game against Brentford, due to the suspension of Robert Snodgrass.
Gradel replaced Jermaine Beckford as a substitute against Southampton, and he made an immediate impact in the same game, minutes after coming on Snodgrass curled a shot into the top right corner to seal Leeds' win. Gradel handed in a transfer request on his return to Leicester, and he was signed by Leeds United on a two-and-a-half year contract on 25 January for an undisclosed fee. His first appearance as an under contract Leeds player came as a second-half substitute in the 3–0 defeat to Swindon Town.
After being unavailable for Leeds' FA Cup loss against Tottenham Hotspur, Gradel came back into the Leeds squad and the starting lineup against Hartlepool United in Leeds' 2–2 draw. He retained his place in the starting XI for the next game against Carlisle United in the Trophy second leg game, which Leeds won 3–2 but were knocked out 6–5 on a penalty shootout, with Gradel converting his penalty for Leeds. After Jermaine Beckford returned from injury Gradel dropped back to Leeds' bench.
Gradel received the man of the match award against Yeovil Town in Leeds' 2–1 win. In the following game Gradel kept his place up front and scored for Leeds against Southend United in a 2–0 win. Then, he followed it up in the next match scoring in a 3–1 away win against Carlisle United, with Gradel opening up the scoring and Luciano Becchio scoring a brace. Gradel's sixth goal for Leeds came in Leeds' 4–1 win against MK Dons. Gradel was sent off for violent conduct in Leeds United's final match of the 2009–10 season against Bristol Rovers when after a moment of madness he got himself sent off then refused to leave the pitch in the first half of the match, but Leeds won the game 2–1 and were promoted to The Championship.
2010–11 season
Gradel played his first game back at Elland Road since his red card against Bristol Rovers, with him putting in an impressive performance when Leeds completed their pre-season campaign on 31 July with a 3–1 win over Premier League side Wolverhampton Wanderers at Elland Road. Gradel scored a goal in the game by scoring a long range effort. Due to Gradel's red card the previous season and his refusal to leave the pitch he missed the first four games of the season through suspension.
Gradel returned from his four match suspension in the second round of the League Cup when he made his first start of the season against his former club Leicester. He managed to gain an assist in the game, providing a cross for Davide Somma's goal. His first league appearance came in the following game, when he came on as a second-half substitute in the 1–0 win away to Watford. Gradel made his first league start of the season, when Lloyd Sam was dropped for the game against Swansea City on 11 September. Gradel scored his first goal of the Championship season against Scunthorpe United. Gradel scored his second goal of the season against Coventry City after scoring a penalty. Gradel's third goal of the season came against Norwich City. Gradel scored his fourth goal of the season against Burnley which started Leeds's comeback to win 3–2 after being 2–0 down. On 18 December, Gradel scored his fifth and sixth goals of the season when he scored both goals in Leeds' 2–0 win over league leaders Queens Park Rangers. Gradel scored his seventh goal of the season against his former club Leicester City with a header
Gradel's form for Leeds saw him attract interest from Premiership clubs. Gradel scored his eighth goal of the season against Portsmouth. Newcastle United showed an interest in Gradel but manager Simon Grayson confirmed that he wasn't looking to sell the in-form player. After an impressive December, Gradel was named as one of the nominees for The Championship player of the month. On 8 January, Gradel won a penalty against Arsenal which was scored by Robert Snodgrass as Leeds earned an impressive 1–1 draw. Then on 15 January, Gradel scored his ninth goal of the season against Scunthorpe United Gradel scored his 10th goal of the season against Bristol City. On 22 February, he scored his 11th and 12th goals of the season in the home fixture against Barnsley. Gradel's 13th and 14th goals of the season came in the same game in the 5–2 win against Doncaster Rovers. Gradel's impressive form for Leeds during the 2010–11 season earned special praise by manager Simon Grayson. On 2 April, Gradel scored his 15th and 16th goals of the season against Nottingham Forest. Gradel scored his 17th goal of the season against Derby County in Leeds' 2–1 loss. On 30 April, Gradel won Leeds' 2010–11 Player Of The Year Award and also the Players Player Of The Year Award at Leeds annual Player award ceremony. After winning the award Gradel announced that he wanted to stay at Leeds to help them reach the Premier League. Gradel also revealed he would like to extend his contract at Leeds. Gradel scored his 18th goal of the season in the final match in Leeds' 2–1 win against Queens Park Rangers. In the summer of 2011 Gradel was believed to have been interesting German club Hamburger SV.
2011–12 season
With several clubs interested in Gradel and much speculation on his future, he confirmed on 24 July that he was looking to stay with Leeds. On 2 August, Gradel confirmed he wanted to stay at Leeds, but the club had yet to offer him a new contract. It was revealed on 4 August, Gradel would miss the League Cup match against Bradford City as he had been called up to the Ivorian squad. Gradel scored a late penalty in the first game of the 2011–12 season against Southampton, however it proved to be only a consolation goal as Leeds lost 3–1. Gradel was sent off early on for two bookable offences in a defeat against Middlesbrough; teammate Jonny Howson was also sent off for Leeds in the same match. Gradel came back into the starting lineup after serving his one match suspension against West Ham on 21 August, Gradel missed a penalty for Leeds in the same game. Gradel's final game for Leeds came in the 2–1 loss against Ipswich Town.
Saint-Étienne
On 30 August 2011, Gradel joined French club Saint-Étienne for an undisclosed fee, reported to be £3 million. He signed a four-year contract with the club. He was handed the number 9 shirt upon his arrival at the club. In the 2014–15 season, Gradel was Saint Etienne's top scorer in Ligue 1 with 17 goals, also providing three assists.
Return to AFC Bournemouth
On 4 August 2015, after a four-year spell in France, Gradel returned to England to join former side and Premier League newcomers Bournemouth on a four-year deal, for a reported fee of £7 million. As part of the deal Gradel's old club Leeds United received a percentage of the transfer fee due to a 10% sell on clause.
On 29 August, Gradel tore a cruciate ligament in his knee during the match against Leicester City, with the injury ruling him out for around six months. On 27 February 2016, Gradel made his return to the team, coming on as a substitute in the 21st minute for Junior Stanislas in a 0–0 draw against Watford. Gradel scored his first goal after his return to the club in a 3–2 win over Swansea City on 12 March 2016.
International career
Gradel revealed that by moving to Leeds he was hoping to increase his international prospects to play for the Ivory Coast national team and maybe earn a place in their 2010 FIFA World Cup squad. He was called up to the Ivory Coast squad for the first time on 11 November 2010 for the fixture against Poland. On 21 March 2011, Gradel received his second call up to the squad, this time to face Benin in an Africa Cup of Nations qualifier. In June 2011, he was called up to the squad to face Benin on 5 June 2011. This match ended in a 6–2 win to Ivory Coast, in which Gradel came on in the 54th min to make his debut.
On 4 August, it was revealed Gradel had been called up to the Ivory Coast squad to face Israel. He made his first start for Ivory Coast in the 4–3 win against Israel on 10 August 2011.
Gradel was a part of the Ivory Coast squad that finished runner-up to Zambia at the 2012 Africa Cup of Nations and was also a member of les Éléphants 2014 FIFA World Cup squad, where he made one appearance in the 2–1 loss to Colombia.
At the 2015 Africa Cup of Nations, Gradel scored an 86th-minute equaliser in a group match against Mali.
Career statistics
Club
International
Scores and results list Ivory Coast's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Gradel goal.
HonoursLeicester CityFootball League One: 2008–09Leeds UnitedFootball League One runner-up: 2009–10Saint-ÉtienneCoupe de la Ligue: 2012–13SivassporTurkish Cup: 2021–22Ivory CoastAfrica Cup of Nations: 2015; runner-up: 2012Individual'
Leeds United Fans' Player of The Year: 2010–11
Leeds United Players' Player of the Year: 2010–11
Africa Cup of Nations Team of the Tournament: 2015
Super Lig Winger of the Year: 2020–21
References
External links
Max Gradel profile at the Leeds United website
1987 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Abidjan
Ivorian footballers
Ivorian expatriate footballers
Ivorian expatriate sportspeople in England
Ivorian expatriate sportspeople in France
Ivorian expatriate sportspeople in Turkey
Expatriate footballers in England
Expatriate footballers in France
Expatriate footballers in Turkey
Association football midfielders
Leicester City F.C. players
AFC Bournemouth players
Leeds United F.C. players
AS Saint-Étienne players
Toulouse FC players
Sivasspor footballers
Premier League players
English Football League players
Ligue 1 players
Süper Lig players
Ivory Coast international footballers
2012 Africa Cup of Nations players
2013 Africa Cup of Nations players
2014 FIFA World Cup players
2015 Africa Cup of Nations players
2017 Africa Cup of Nations players
2019 Africa Cup of Nations players
2021 Africa Cup of Nations players
Africa Cup of Nations-winning players
Footballers at the 2020 Summer Olympics
Olympic footballers of Ivory Coast |
20464880 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert%20Hindmarsh | Robert Hindmarsh | Robert Hindmarsh (1759–1835) was an English printer and one of the original founders of Swedenborgianism.
Life
He was born at Alnwick, Northumberland, on 8 November 1759. His father, James Hindmarsh, was one of John Wesley's preachers, and was in 1777 under training by Wesley in London; Robert, however, was never a Methodist. At 14 he got an apprenticeship as a printer in London, and he later opened his own print shop, setting up for himself at 32 Clerkenwell Close.
About 1781 he met with one of Anthoinette Bourignon's works, and afterwards with those of ; a Methodist preacher complained of his lending about works of this class. He first discovered Emanuel Swedenborg's theology when he read Heaven and Hell and Intercourse between the Soul and the Body in 1782. He was instantly converted.
In December 1783 he formed a society (originally consisting of five members) for the purpose of studying Swedenborg's works. Hindmarsh found first three other readers of Swedenborg: Peter Prow, William Bonington, and John August Tulk. They organized a public meeting of readers of Swedenborg with an advertisement in the newspaper. The meeting took place on 5 December 1783 at the "London Coffee House" on Ludgate Hill. They were joined by one other member, William Spence. They met again on 12 December and were joined by Henry Pickitt and James Glen. A group of readers of Swedenborg slowly grew.
In January 1784 they formed "The Theosophical Society", for translating, printing and distributing the writings of Swedenborg. Rooms were taken for the society in New Court, Middle Temple. Among the members were John Flaxman, William Sharp, two clergymen, and Hindmarsh's father, who left Methodism in 1785. Hindmarsh printed for this society Swedenborg's Apocalypsis Explicata (1785–1789), and in 1786 he issued his own abridgment of Bourignon's Light of the World. A proposal made on 19 April 1787 to open a place of worship was defeated by John Clowes, who came from Manchester to oppose it. However, on 31 July sixteen worshippers met at the house of Thomas Wright, a watchmaker, in the Poultry. James Hindmarsh, his father, was chosen by lot to administer the sacraments; ten communicated, and five, including Robert Hindmarsh, were baptised into the ‘new church’.
On 27 January 1788 a chapel in Great Eastcheap (bearing over its entrance the words ‘Now it is allowable’) was opened with a sermon by Hindmarsh's father. On 1 June two priests, the elder Hindmarsh and Samuel Smith, another ex-Methodist preacher, were ordained by twelve members, of whom Robert Hindmarsh was one selected by lot. In 1789 Hindmarsh was expelled (with five others) on the ground of lax views of the conjugial relation, perhaps only theoretical. He therefore vowed never again to be a member of any society; but he became sole tenant of the premises in Eastcheap, the majority seceding to Store Street, Tottenham Court Road.
Hindmarsh fell into controversy with Joseph Priestley, to whom he had lent (1791) Swedenborg's works, and attended annual conferences of believers in Swedenborg's doctrine, advocating in 1792 the autocracy of the priesthood. Hindmarsh held a conference (of seven members) in 1793, at which a hierarchy of three orders was agreed on, and Great Britain parcelled into twenty-four dioceses; but for want of funds the Eastcheap chapel was closed within the year. A few years later he got his friends to build a ‘temple’ in Cross Street, Hatton Garden. It was opened on 30 July 1797 by Joseph Proud, who had moved from Birmingham. Proud left in 1799 owing to disputes with the proprietors, and the chapel subsequently became the scene of Edward Irving's labours.
Meanwhile, Hindmarsh tried stockbroking, with only temporary success. In 1811 William Cowherd invited him to Salford to superintend a printing office for cheap editions of Swedenborg's works. He soon broke with Cowherd, but some of the hearers of Clowes and of Cowherd persuaded him to stay. He preached in Clarence Street, Manchester, from 7 July 1811, holding on Thursdays in 1812 a debating society, which he called the ‘new school of theology.’ His friends built for him (1813) a ‘New Jerusalem temple’ in Salford.
He was the founder of The New Magazine of Knowledge and the head of the Society for Promoting the Heavenly Doctrines of the New Jerusalem. At the conference held in Derby, 1818, over which Hindmarsh presided, it was resolved that he had been ‘virtually ordained by the divine auspices.’ Hindmarsh preached at Salford till 1824. After his retirement he wrote a history, from 1824 to 1834 working on the manuscript for Rise and Progress of the New Jerusalem Church in England, America and Other Parts. He passed the work on to others (including the Rev. Edward Madeley) to edit and complete. It was published in London in 1861.
He died on 2 January 1835 in his daughter's house at Gravesend, and was buried at Milton-next-Gravesend. He married on 7 May 1782, and had five children; his wife died on 2 March 1833.
References
Odhner, Carl Theophilus, Robert Hindmarsh: A Biography, Academy Book Room 1821 Wallace Street, Philadelphia, 1895.
External links
Attribution
British printers
English Swedenborgians
1759 births
1835 deaths
People from Alnwick
Burials in Kent |
6901326 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dull%20Gret | Dull Gret | Dulle Griet (anglicized as Dull Gret), also known as Mad Meg, is a figure of Flemish folklore who is the subject of a 1563 oil-on-panel by Flemish renaissance artist Pieter Bruegel the Elder. The painting depicts a virago, Dulle Griet, who leads an army of women to pillage Hell, and is currently held and exhibited at the Museum Mayer van den Bergh in Antwerp.
History and description
A restoration of the painting in 2018 revealed that it was painted in 1563, shortly after the painter had moved to Brussels. Previously, the signature and the date on the painting had been illegible, and it was assumed that it was painted two years earlier, or, based on its close compositional and stylistic similarity to The Fall of the Rebel Angels and The Triumph of Death, one year earlier. Like those pictures, Dulle Griet owes much to Hieronymus Bosch. It is assumed the painting was destined for a series.
Bruegel's earliest biographer, Karel van Mander, writing in 1604, described the painting as "Dulle Griet, who is looking at the mouth of Hell". It came into the collections of Rudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor, then was looted by the Swedish troops in 1648, and reappeared in Stockholm in 1800. Art collector Fritz Mayer van den Bergh discovered it in 1897 at an auction in Cologne, where he bought it for a minimal sum, discovering its actual author a few days later.
Her mission refers to the Flemish proverb:
She could plunder in front of hell and return unscathed.
In the view of Max Seidel, Roger H. Marijnissen in their book 'Bruegel. Pt.2', Bruegel is making fun of noisy, aggressive women. At the same time he castigates the sin of covetousness: although already burdened down with possessions, Griet and her grotesque companions are prepared to storm the mouth of Hell itself in their search for more. It might also refer to something that is either stupid, or courageous, or both; implying that one who is dull or naive may have more courage and end up in trouble, though not succumbing but making the best of it. Could symbolize a woman defying hell and returning with treasure, a psychological analogy of working through troubles to become stronger and wiser; to enter into one's personal hell and overcome one's "demons" i.e. fears or trauma. Yet, the opinions may differ and are subjective.
Griet was a disparaging name given to any bad-tempered, shrewish woman. In an incisive historical and critical interpretation of the painting, Margaret Sullivan concludes that in it Bruegel allegorizes the ideological zeitgeist’s “madness and folly.” She notes that “in the sixteenth century ‘dulle’ had two meanings. The first was ‘mad’ and the second (and older) meaning was ‘foolish’ or ‘stupid.’ ‘Griet’ as a female name communicated the idea of a fool. . . The name Margaret and its variants Margot, Magrite, Greta, Griet, etc., seemed to have acquired pejorative connotations throughout Northern Europe, making it an especially appropriate choice for the painting.”
Dulle Griet appears as a character in Caryl Churchill's play Top Girls (1982), where she recounts her invasion of Hell: "I'd had enough, I was mad, I hate the bastards. I come out my front door that morning and shout till my neighbors come out and I said, 'Come on, we're going where the evil come from and pay the bastards out. (Churchill, 28).
Details
While her female followers loot a house, Griet advances towards the mouth of Hell through a landscape populated by Boschian monsters (see detailed images). They represent the sins that are punished there. Griet wears male armour — a breastplate, a mailed glove and a metal cap; her military costume is parodied by the monster in a helmet beside her, who pulls up a drawbridge. A knife hangs from her side, while in her right hand she carries a sword, which may refer to the saying: "He could go to Hell with a sword in his hand." A book of proverbs published in Antwerp in 1568 contains a saying which is very close in spirit to Bruegel's painting:One woman makes a din, two women a lot of trouble, three an annual market, four a quarrel, five an army, and against six the Devil himself has no weapon.
Painting materials
The pigment analysis was conducted by the scientists at the Ghent University. Bruegel used the cheap smalt for the robe of the central figure of Mad Meg instead of the more expensive ultramarine together with vermilion and copper resinate.
Notes
External links
Dulle Griet at the Museum Mayer van den Bergh
Bosch Bruegel Society
99 works by Pieter Bruegel the Elder
Creative Bruegel laid the foundation of the Netherlands School (Russian)
Pieter Bruegel the Elder, Mad Meg (Dulle Griet), ColourLex
Paintings by Pieter Bruegel the Elder
1560s paintings
European folklore characters
Military art
Dutch folklore
Belgian folklore
Fictional characters from Flanders
Women in art
Paintings in Antwerp |
6901338 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natolin%20metro%20station | Natolin metro station | Metro Natolin is a station on Line M1 of the Warsaw Metro, located in the Natolin neighbourhood of the Ursynów district in the south of Warsaw at the junction of Aleja KEN and Belgradzka. It is near Galeria Ursynów, a small local shopping centre and a local shopping street.
The station was opened on 7 April 1995 as part of the inaugural stretch of the Warsaw Metro, between Kabaty and Politechnika.
References
External links
Line 1 (Warsaw Metro) stations
Railway stations opened in 1995
1995 establishments in Poland |
6901339 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volc%C3%A1n%20Ipala | Volcán Ipala | Volcán Ipala is a stratovolcano in south-eastern Guatemala. It has a wide summit crater which contains a crater lake (Lake Ipala), whose surface lies about below the crater rim. Volcán Ipala is part of a cluster of small stratovolcanoes and cinder cone fields in south-eastern Guatemala.
See also
List of volcanoes in Guatemala
References
Mountains of Guatemala
Volcano
Stratovolcanoes of Guatemala |
6901340 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006%20Progressive%20Democrats%20leadership%20election | 2006 Progressive Democrats leadership election | The Progressive Democrats leadership election, 2006 began on 7 September 2006 when Mary Harney resigned as leader of the Progressive Democrats. In spite of speculation earlier in the year surrounding her position as leader, Harney's announcement surprised many. She had been leader of the party since 1993.
Election procedure
According to the party's constitution, if there is just one candidate for the leadership of the Progressive Democrats, this person will be elected leader by acclamation. If several candidates put their names forward, the next leader will be determined by an electoral college. Each member of this college will have one vote, but these votes will be weighed according to which group they belong to. TDs, Senators and MEPs will form the first group which represent 40% of the votes. Councillors, national executive members and trustees of the party will form the second group which represent 30% of the votes. The third group contains party members for more than one year prior to the date of the leadership election. This group represent 30% of the votes.
Candidates
Nominations for the leadership closed on midday Monday, 11 September 2006.
Michael McDowell was nominated for the position of Party Leader by Tom Parlon and that nomination is to be seconded by Liz O'Donnell.
Result
Despite speculation of differences, Michael McDowell was elected unopposed, and remained in office until he resigned on losing his seat in the 2007 general election.
Timeline of events
Summer 2005 – Michael McDowell claims that Mary Harney told him that she would stand down as leader of the Progressive Democrats in December 2005.
20 June 2006 – Following a week of media leaks and comment surrounding Mary Harney, Michael McDowell forces a debate on the leadership issue at a meeting of the Progressive Democrats parliamentary party. Harney receives unanimous support from the party, however, the whole affair is highly damaging to the party.
4 September 2006 – Harney arrives back in Ireland following a holiday with her husband. She convenes a meeting of the Progressive Democrats parliamentary party for the following Thursday.
6 September 2006 – At their weekly face-to-face talks Harney informs Taoiseach Bertie Ahern that she is standing down as leader of her party.
7 September 2006 – Harney phones Progressive Democrats party chairman, John Dardis, to inform him of her decision to stand down. At 3pm Harney tells the parliamentary party that she is retiring as party leader.
8 September 2006 – Minister of State Tom Parlon, who earlier said that an agreed candidate for leader would be best for the party, retracts his statement and now says that a leadership contest would be best for the party. Although no candidate has yet formally launched a campaign, former party member Bobby Molloy favours Michael McDowell as the next leader.
11 September 2006 – Deadline for close of nominations for leadership, Michael McDowell returned unopposed
27 September 2006 – Dáil Éireann returns after its summer recess.
References
2006 elections in the Republic of Ireland
2006 in Irish politics
Progressive Democrats
Political party leadership elections in the Republic of Ireland
Indirect elections
Progressive Democrats leadership election |
20464890 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2009%20Mozambican%20general%20election | 2009 Mozambican general election | General elections to elect the president, Assembly of the Republic, and Provincial Assemblies was held in Mozambique on 28 October 2009. Incumbent President Armando Guebuza ran for re-election as the FRELIMO candidate; he was challenged by opposition leader Afonso Dhlakama, who had stood as the RENAMO candidate in every presidential election since 1994. Also standing were Daviz Simango, the Mayor of Beira, who was a RENAMO member before founding his own party, the Democratic Movement of Mozambique (MDM), earlier in 2009.
Campaign
Campaigning for the election began on 13 September 2009. There were 17 parties and two coalitions competing in the parliamentary election. Provincial assemblies were also at stake in the election. Citing problems in the papers submitted by the MDM when it filed to run, the National Elections Commission barred it from contesting the parliamentary election in nine out of 13 regions. Simango, who insisted there were no problems with the papers, was allowed to stand as a presidential candidate.
Prior to the election, Guebuza was heavily favored to win another term, and RENAMO, mired in a bitter feud with Simango and the MDM, was thought to have been seriously weakened since the previous election, held in 2004. On 14 October 2009, 20 minor parties backed Simango's candidacy. The Independent Party of Mozambique (PIMO), another minor party, chose to support Guebuza.
On the last day of campaigning, 25 October, each of the three main candidates held major rallies. At FRELIMO's rally in Nampula, Guebuza stressed a commitment to fighting poverty and working for "national unity, peace and development". Dhlakama concluded his campaign with rallies in Maputo, and he criticized the predominant role of FRELIMO in society: "Everything is mixed together today in Mozambique. The party, the police, schools, roads, journalists—everything has to be through FRELIMO. This has to stop." Simango, meanwhile, held his last rally in Beira, declaring that it was time to "end the games, end the abuses"; he pointed to the problems of unemployment and lack of medicine in hospitals when urging his supporters to turn out for the vote.
Voting at central Maputo's Polana secondary school on election day, Dklahama said that if he lost the election he would not run for president again. He also called for a high turnout, while stressing the importance of respecting the results and avoiding a post-election dispute.
Results
According to provisional results announced on 2 November, incumbent president Guebuza won a landslide victory with about 75% of the vote. Turnout was estimated at about 42%. SADC observers said the election result was "a true reflection of the will of the people of Mozambique". Opposition party RENAMO was less content with the electoral conduct, demanding that the election be annulled. According to RENAMO spokesperson Ivone Soares, FRELIMO supporters stuffed ballot boxes with multiple votes and were assisted in doing so by the electoral commission, which provided them with additional ballot papers. A FRELIMO spokesperson, Edson Macuacua, dismissed the allegations, asserting that the election was free and fair and characterizing RENAMO as "lost and desperate".
On 11 November, the National Elections Commission officially announced that Guebuza had won the election with 75% of the vote; Dhlakama and Simango trailed with 16.5% and 8.6% respectively. Results for the parliamentary election were also announced, showing that FRELIMO had won 191 seats, followed by RENAMO with 51 seats and eight for the MDM. The Constitutional Council confirmed the results on 28 December. Continuing to allege fraud, Dhlakama said that RENAMO would boycott the opening of parliament.
After the newly elected deputies were sworn in, they elected Veronica Macamo, a FRELIMO Deputy, as president of the Assembly of the Republic in January 2010. Macamo was the only candidate for the position.
President
Assembly
Provincial elections
References
Presidential elections in Mozambique
Elections in Mozambique
Mozambique
2009 in Mozambique
October 2009 events in Africa |
6901343 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melchor%20Li%C3%B1%C3%A1n%20y%20Cisneros | Melchor Liñán y Cisneros | Melchor Liñán y Cisneros (sometimes Melchor de Liñán y Cisneros) (December 19, 1629, Madrid – June 28, 1708, Lima, Peru) was a Roman Catholic prelate who served as Archbishop of Lima (1677–1708), Archbishop of La Plata o Charcas (1672–1675), Bishop of Popayán (1667–1672), and Bishop of Santa Marta (1664–1668). He also served as Viceroy of Peru from July 7, 1678, to November 20, 1681.
Biography
Melchor de Liñán y Cisneros was born in Madrid, Spain. He studied theology in the University of Alcalá de Henares, where he took his doctorate. Thereafter he was chaplain in Buitrago. He was also calificador (censor) of the Holy Office of the Inquisition. On October 6, 1664, Pope Alexander VII, appointed him Bishop of Santa Marta. In 1665, he was consecrated bishop by Antonio Sanz Lozano, Bishop of Cartagena.
On January 26, 1668, Pope Clement IX, appointed him Bishop of Popayán.
In 1671, he was sent as visitador (inspector) to Nuevo Reino de Granada in what is now Colombia because of the inaction of Diego de Villalba y Toledo, president of the Audiencia. He replaced Villabla in that position on June 2, 1671. At the same time he served as interim governor and captain general of Nuevo Reino de Granada. On February 8, 1672, Pope Clement X, appointed him Archbishop of La Plata o Charcas. On June 14, 1677, Pope Innocent XI appointed him Archbishop of Lima. On July 7, 1678, he was appointed viceroy of Peru serving until November 20, 1681. As viceroy, he improved the fortifications of the port of Callao to defend against attacks by Dutch filibusters. He repressed rebellions of the clergy, who were opposed to the nomination of prelates from Spain—the Franciscans in Cuzco and the Dominicans in Quito.
On the death of the Peruvian astronomer Doctor Francisco Ruiz Lozano, Viceroy Liñán y Cisneros (with the approval of the Crown) gave mathematics a permanent position in the University of San Marcos. Mathematics was attached to the chair of cosmography. Doctor Juan Ramón Koening, a Belgian by birth, was named to the chair.
As a reward for his services, the Spanish Crown granted Liñán y Cisneros the title of conde de la Puebla de los Valles. He wrote Ofensa y defensa de la libertad eclesiástica (Offense and Defence of Ecclesiastical Liberty). He died in Lima in 1708.
Episcopal succession
While bishop, he was the principal consecrator of:
References
External links and additional sources
Short biography
(for Chronology of Bishops)
(for Chronology of Bishops)
(for Chronology of Bishops)
(for Chronology of Bishops)
(for Chronology of Bishops)
(for Chronology of Bishops)
(for Chronology of Bishops)
(for Chronology of Bishops)
1629 births
1708 deaths
Viceroys of Peru
17th-century Roman Catholic archbishops in New Spain
Bishops appointed by Pope Alexander VII
Bishops appointed by Pope Clement IX
Bishops appointed by Pope Innocent XI
Bishops appointed by Pope Clement X
17th-century Roman Catholic bishops in New Granada
17th-century Roman Catholic bishops in Bolivia
17th-century Roman Catholic bishops in Peru
Roman Catholic archbishops of Lima
Roman Catholic bishops of Santa Marta
Roman Catholic bishops of Popayán
Roman Catholic archbishops of Sucre |
20464898 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David%20Forde%20%28Clare%20hurler%29 | David Forde (Clare hurler) | David Forde (born 5 July 1976 in Ogonnelloe, County Clare) is an Irish sportsperson. He plays hurling with his local club Ogonnelloe and was a member of the Clare senior inter-county team in the 1990s and 2000s. He played as a forward.
References
1976 births
Living people
Ogonnelloe hurlers
Clare inter-county hurlers |
6901350 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nancie%20Caraway | Nancie Caraway | Nancie Ellen Caraway (born February 2, 1942) is the former First Lady of the U.S. state of Hawaii from 2010 to 2014. She is the spouse of former First Congressional District U.S. Representative and former Governor of Hawaii Neil Abercrombie. Caraway is a University of Hawaii at Manoa political scientist, feminist scholar and activist, a member of the university's Globalization Research Center and its Director of Women's Human Rights, leading its Trafficking Project. She is also a mentor and lecturer at the East–West Center.
Caraway was born in Alabama and arrived in Hawaii from Houston, Texas. She received her bachelor of arts degree in political science at the University of Hawaii at Manoa in 1980. She was a resident of New York City while studying for her Master of Science degree in journalism at Columbia University. She married her husband, Neil Abercrombie, in 1981 in Palm Springs, California. She returned to Hawaii and completed a master of arts in 1986 and doctorate in 1991, both in political science.
Following her husband to Washington, D.C. where he served in the United States Congress, Caraway became an assistant professor at Georgetown University, George Washington University and American University.
An author, Caraway won the Victoria Schuck Award—an international award for the best book on women and politics—from the American Political Science Association for her 1992 book, Segregated Sisterhood: Racism and the Politics of American Feminism, also the title of her University of Hawaii at Manoa doctoral dissertation.
Further reading
References
American women political scientists
American political scientists
Living people
First Ladies and Gentlemen of Hawaii
University of Hawaiʻi faculty
American feminist writers
University of Hawaiʻi alumni
Columbia University Graduate School of Journalism alumni
1942 births
American women academics
21st-century American women |
6901363 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brian%20Etheridge | Brian Etheridge | Brian Etheridge may refer to:
Brian Etheridge, character in comic book series V for Vendetta
Brian Etheridge (footballer) (born 1944), retired English footballer |
20464903 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vianna%20da%20Motta%20International%20Music%20Competition | Vianna da Motta International Music Competition | The Vianna da Motta International Music Competition was first constituted in 1957 in Lisbon in honor of José Vianna da Motta by his disciple Sequeira Costa, who remains its president; this inaugural edition was won by Naum Shtarkman. The competition, a member of the World Federation of International Music Competitions, has been held regularly since 1964.
Awards
While mainly a piano competition, two violin editions have been held. In 1973 Ida Kavafian and Gerardo Ribeiro shared the 1st prize. In 1991 it was declared void; Graf Mourja and Rachel Varga were awarded, respectively, the 2nd and 3rd prizes.
References
http://www.fmcim.org/comp/comp.php?lang=en&comp_id=765&menu=1 World Federation of International Music Competitions
http://www.alink-argerich.org/ Argerich Foundation
External links
Official webpage
Piano competitions
Violin competitions |
17327838 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20mountains%20in%20China | List of mountains in China | The following is an incomplete list of mountains in the People's Republic of China, sorted in alphabetical order. Some of these mountains that are claimed by the PRC, including those under the control of the Republic of China and those disputed with other countries, such as Mount Everest, are noted after the list.
List
See also
Geography of China
Sacred Mountains of China
Mountains of Southwest China
References
China
China
China
Mountains |
17327841 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chiloi | Chiloi | Chiloi is a village in Chipwi Township in Myitkyina District in the Kachin State of north-eastern Burma.
References
Populated places in Kachin State
Chipwi Township |
20464907 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laigh%20Kirk%2C%20Paisley | Laigh Kirk, Paisley | The Laigh Kirk, Paisley was a congregation of the Church of Scotland and the original Burgh church of Paisley.
History
The Laigh Kirk was founded in August 1738 by the Burgh of Paisley and by the Presbytery of Paisley as the parish church for the whole burgh, in response to the burgeoning population of Paisley and the dilapidated state of Paisley Abbey which, at that time, was outside of the Burgh limits on the opposite (western) bank of the River Cart.
The Burgh and town of Paisley were formally disjoined as a parish from the old Parish of Paisley, which had served a large geographic area, at the August 1738 meeting of Paisley Presbytery, with the cover page of the first minute book of the church declaring it to be a "record of the Parish of the Burgh of Paisley".
In 1756 and again in 1781, as a result of Paisley's continued expansion, the parish was sub-divided with the creation of the High Kirk and the Middle Kirk, respectively. These three worked together under the auspices of the "Paisley Joint Session."
The original Laigh Kirk building was located in New Street. In 1820, due to the ever growing size of its congregation, the Laigh Kirk moved to a new, much larger building on George Street.
The Laigh Kirk continued to grow and expand, as did Paisley; and to meet these demands a new congregation was seeded by the Laigh Kirk on Neilston Road, the South Church. Beginning its life as a Chapel of Ease under the Kirk Session of the Laigh Kirk, the events of the Disruption of 1843 saw this sister congregation leave the Church of Scotland and join the new Free Church of Scotland, as the Free South Church. It would be over 140 years before these two halves became whole again, with the reunion of the two congregations (by this time known as St George's Low and St Andrew's) in 1985. The name Laigh Kirk was re-established in Paisley and served the Parish from its Causeyside Street base, the building originally built as the Free South Church of Scotland.
On Thursday 6 January 2011, The Laigh Kirk united with the congregation of the former Castlehead Church of Scotland. The new congregation is called Stow Brae Kirk, and meets for worship in the former Laigh Kirk buildings on Causeyside Street.
Laigh Kirk and the formation of the Scottish Poor Laws
In the early 19th century, following a collapse in the Paisley cotton trade, the Kirk Session of the Laigh and the burgh clashed over the right to poor relief under the existing Scottish Poor Laws. In particular, over the classification of those who were traditionally eligible - the church found it could only fund those physically unable to work and not the able-bodied unemployed. The financial crisis that followed for the church and the burgh, and the need for government intervention, was to play a large part in the redrawing of the existing Poor Laws.
The then minister, Rev Robert Burns, was to become an influential figure in the campaign for alleviation of the suffering of the urban poor. Most notably, his ‘Historical Dissertations on the Law and Practice of
Great Britain, and particularly of Scotland with regard to the Poor’, would be much cited by those who took up the cause. He would even be part of four deputations that visited London to petition Parliament on the subject.
Buildings
The original New Street building was converted to an Arts centre in the 1980s and is still in use as the Paisley Arts Centre. In the late 1980s, the St George's (Low) building was converted into the St George's Court flats, with the facade being completely retained and the interior completely remodelled.
Ministers
A notable minister was the Rev John Witherspoon, (15 February 1723 – 15 November 1794). He later emigrated to the America and was a signatory of the United States Declaration of Independence as a representative of New Jersey.
Rev Robert Burns, social reformer and activist.
The last minister of the Laigh Kirk was the Rev David Thom (Mr Thom is the minister of the united congregation of Stow Brae Kirk )
References
Notes
Sources
Clark, Sylvia (1988). Paisley: A History. Edinburgh: Mainstream Publishing. .
Moisley, H. A. and Thain, A.G. (1962). The Third Statistical Account of Scotland: The Counties of Renfrew and Bute. Glasgow: William Collins Sons & Co., Chapter 23: "The Parish and Burgh of Paisley".
Laigh Kirk, Paisley. Kirk Session Minute books. (Historical record)
External links
Paisley Art Centre
Website of Stow Brae Kirk
Churches completed in 1738
Paisley
Churches in Paisley, Renfrewshire
1738 establishments in Scotland
Scottish Poor Laws |
17327843 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johan%20Bob%C3%A4ck | Johan Bobäck | Johan Bobäck also known as "Kermit" is a record producer and songwriter from Sweden. "Kermit" has written and produced songs for and together with Cyndi Lauper, Rachel Platten, Garou, Jay Graydon, Randy Goodrum, Chris Norman, Fredrik Thomander, Darin, Max Martin, Peer Åström, Andreas Carlsson, Alexander Kronlund, Troy Bonnes aka Troy This, Dennis Morgan (songwriter), Jeanette Biedermann (Undress to the Beat), Linda Sundblad, Play, Ola Svensson aka Brother Leo (musician), Daniel Jones (musician) from Savage Garden among others.
He wrote and produced two songs (Into the Nightlife and Echo) with Cyndi Lauper, Peer Åström and Max Martin for Lauper's, Grammy Nominated, 2008 album Bring Ya to the Brink. Both songs became singles. Linda Sundblad's single 2 all my girls and Darin's single Viva la vida by Coldplay are both produced by Kermit. He was also involved, both as writer and producer, in Linda Sundblad's album Manifest, released in early 2010. Bobäck has also been involved as a music producer for the Golden Globe winning TV show Glee by Fox. In 2011, the song 1000 ships with Rachel Platten appeared in the TV show Grey's Anatomy. His other songs as a writer and producer include I´m in love and One day with Ola (Brother Leo (musician)), I'm in love together with Shellback (record producer), Alexander Kronlund. During 2017-2018 Kermit's been involved in NoNoNo (band)'s new album "Undertones" and is at present time working, now and then, with Astma and Rocwell as a vocal producer / programmer.
References
Swedish record producers
Swedish songwriters
1972 births
Living people |
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