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20464260 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goldenstriped%20soapfish | Goldenstriped soapfish | The goldenstriped soapfish (Grammistes sexlineatus), also known as the lined soapfish, golden-striped bass, radio fish, sixline soapfish, six-lined perch or white-lined rock cod, is a species of marine ray-finned fish, related to the groupers and classified within the subfamily Epinephelinae of the family Serranidae. It has a wide Indo-Pacific distribution.
Description
Grammistes sexlineatus is a middle sized fish, which can grow to a maximum length of 30 cm. Its background body color is dark brown with a maximum of six white to yellow horizontal lines. The number of lines depends on the maturity of the fish. Juveniles have white to yellow dots on a dark background until an approximate size of 17.5 mm. Thereafter, the points gradually become lines. At a length of 5 cm, these soap fish have three horizontal lines. Only from 8 cm long that the soapfish gets the six distinctive horizontal lines. Note that in adult specimens close to the maximum size, these lines tend to sever to form small strokes and points.
Distribution and habitat
The six lined soapfish is widespread throughout the tropical and subtropical waters of the Indo-Pacific area from the eastern coast of Africa to the oceanic islands of the Pacific Ocean, including Hawaii and the Red Sea as well as from southern Japan to northern New Zealand.
This soapfish occurs in coastal rocky and coral reefs from shallow to 40–50 meters depth.
Biology
Individuals are generally solitary in their reef habitat. They usually stay hidden in crevices, and are most active at night.
Like other fish in the subfamily Grammistinae, this species produces a toxin from the skin. The toxins in the skin secretions are known as grammistins. These secretions resemble lathered soap and are the basis for the common name of Soap Fish. This is not caught as a food fish because the flesh reportedly has a bitter, unpleasant taste.
Taxonomy
The goldenstriped soapfish was first formally described as Perca sixlineata in 1792 by the Swedish naturalist Carl Peter Thunberg (1743-1828) with the type locality given as the East Indies or Japan.
References
External links
goldenstriped soapfish
Fish of the Indian Ocean
Fish of the Pacific Ocean
goldenstriped soapfish |
17327372 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genaro%20V%C3%A1zquez%20Rojas | Genaro Vázquez Rojas | Genaro Vázquez Rojas (June 10, 1931February 2, 1972) was a Mexican school teacher, organiser, militant, and guerrilla fighter.
Civic Associations
Guerreran Civic Community
Genaro Vázquez Rojas studied law at the National Autonomous University of Mexico () (UNAM), however did not finish. At age 24 he co-founded the Guerreran Civic Community (CCG), while teaching at schools in the slums of the Federal District. The following year in 1958 Vázquez Rojas participated in the Revolutionary Teachers' Movement (MRM) during the strike and seizure of the Secretariat of Public Education. Vázquez Rojas would eventually be fired from his teacher's position and go on to represent coffee, copra, and palm workers before the Department of Agrarian Affairs and Colonization (DAAC).
Guerrero Civic Association
Between 1958 and 1960, the CCG would transform into the with the stated goals of fighting for land reform and peasant workers. On May 13, 1960, Vázquez Rojas called his first neighborhood meeting in the San Francisco district of Chilpancingo, Guerrero, demanding an investigation of Raul Caballero Aburto, then Governor of Guerrero. On October 30, 1960, the ACG led 5,000 people in protest in a civic stand-in, similar to that of a sit-in, in support of recent demonstrations by students at the state university. Two years later, on December 31, 1962, 3,000 protesters assembled in Iguala, police attacked the demonstrators, 28 people were killed, dozens wounded, and 156 were arrested. The ACG was outlawed following the protests and Vázquez Rojas was accused of killing an agent assigned to watch him. Vázquez Rojas fled to the north-east, where he lay in hiding for four years.
Genaro Vázquez Rojas was eventually captured at the offices of the National Liberation Movement () (MLN) on November 9, 1966. On April 22, 1968, the ACG would attack the prison in Iguala and free its captured leader. Following the escape, Vázquez Rojas fled to the hills of the sierra, where he began working on the goals of the ACG on a national level. With the new outlook came a new name, the ACG was reformed into the Guerreran National Civic Association (GNCA).
Guerreran National Civic Association
The GNCA, inspired by Fidel Castro's 1962 Declaration of Havana and the National Liberation Movement's (MLN) August 1961 program, was created to sustain a prolonged guerrilla struggle. The GNCA aimed to create links to other guerrilla organizations and coordinate revolution not just through Guerrero, but also throughout the country. In December 1971, once the goals of the GNCA had been met, the organization was renamed to the Asociación Cívica Nacional Revolucionaria (ACNR). The ACNR continued to support the guerrilla groups and work toward uniting other radical groups.
Asociación Cívica Nacional Revolucionaria
The ACNR conducted three guerrilla operations, all taking place between the years of 1969 and 1971. On April 19, 1969 the ACNR organized an assault on the Mexican Commercial Bank, the attack was deemed a failure as the police were able to recover three million stolen pesos and detain the guerrillas who conducted the raid. Due to a mechanical problem with the getaway vehicle, a taxi, the guerrillas were quickly captured and brought to custody. On January 5, 1971, Conaciano Luna Radilla, manager of Commercial Bank of the South, was kidnapped on the highway. A ransom of half a million pesos was requested and received and Conaciano was freed. The final act was taken on November 19, 1971, with the kidnapping of Jaime Castrejón Diez. Diez was the owner of a Coca-Cola concession, proprietor of "Yoli" soft drink factories, Chancellor of University of Guerrero, and ex-mayor of Taxco. The ACNR demanded the release of nine political prisoners, two and a half million pesos, and formal trials of all peasants held in military barracks. The ACNR received a ransom of 500,000 pesos, and the release of the nine political prisoners to Cuba. Diez was released on December 1, 1971.
Death
The ACNR, operating along the Costa Grande between Acapulco and the Balsas River, drew the ire of the federal government for their actions. In response, they were pursued by army battalions, helicopters, paratroopers, and counter-insurgency technology developed by the United States in Vietnam. On February 2, 1972, Vázquez Rojas was captured by the army after fleeing a car wreck, it is believed he died from his wounds, although local sources in Morelia disputed the official version and claimed that Vázquez was extrajudicially executed by the army.
See also
Donald Clark Hodges
References
1933 births
1972 deaths
Mexican communists
Mexican educators
Mexican rebels
Mexican revolutionaries
People from Guerrero
Mexican guerrillas
Socialism in Mexico
Military history of Mexico |
17327377 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manchurian%20revival | Manchurian revival | The Manchurian revival of 1908 was a Protestant revival that occurred in churches and mission stations in Manchuria (now Liaoning Province, China).
It was the first such revival to gain nationwide publicity in China, as well as international repute. The revival occurred during a series of half-day-long meetings led by Jonathan Goforth, a Canadian Presbyterian missionary with the Canadian Presbyterian Mission, who, along with his wife, Rosalind (Bell-Smith) Goforth, went on to become the foremost missionary revivalist in early 20th-century China and helped to establish revivalism as a major element of missionary work. The effect of the revivals in China reached overseas and contributed to some tension among Christian denominations in the United States, fueling the Fundamentalist–Modernist Controversy in the Presbyterian Church in the United States of America.
Beginnings
In 1907, the Great Pyongyang revival took place in Pyongyang, Korea that involved more than 1000 people during a series of meetings where there was an emphasis of teaching on the work of the Holy Spirit. This influenced revivals in China, including the Manchurian revival of 1908.
Goforth notes a fellow missionary's initial observations of the Manchurian Revival in his book, By My Spirit:
Goforth arrived in Manchuria in February, 1908, but according to Goforth's account, he "…had no method. I did not know how to conduct a Revival. I could deliver an address and let the people pray, but that was all."
Shenyang
Goforth held a series of special meetings at Shenyang (Mukden), with some initial opposition from church leaders, there.
After Goforth's address the first morning an elder stood up before all the people and confessed to having embezzled church funds. The effect on the hearers was “instantaneous". One person gave a “piercing cry" then many, now in tears, began spontaneous prayer and confession. For three days these incidents continued. Goforth recorded,
That year hundreds of members returned to the church fellowship, many of them confessing that they did not think that they had ever really been converted before.
Liaoyang
Goforth then traveled to hold a series of meetings at the Liaoyang congregation. He wrote:
Guangning
Goforth proceeded to Guangning (Kwangning) (near Beizhen, Liaoning) where it was told him by another missionary that, "Reports have come to us of the meetings at Mukden and Liaoyang. I thought I had better tell you, right at the beginning, that you need not expect similar results here."
After Goforth had given his sermon, he said to the people:
Spontaneous prayers come forth from several individuals at every meeting, followed by more confessions of sin and wrongdoing among church leaders. Goforth wrote:
Jinzhou
From the very first meeting that Goforth led at Jinzhou (Chinchow) a renewal movement began to develop. Intense prayer and anxiety to get rid of sin characterized the effect on these believer as it had done at the other mission stations.
Dr. Walter Phillips, who was present at two of the meetings in Jinzhou, wrote:
Xinmin
The Christians in Xinmin (Shinminfu) had suffered persecution during the Boxer Rebellion of 1900. 54 of the church had been killed and were considered "martyrs" for dying for their faith at the hands of the Boxers. The survivors had prepared a list, containing 250 names of those who had taken part in the massacre. It was hoped by some that revenge would one day be possible. However, after the revival meetings, the list of names was brought up to the front of the church and torn into pieces and the fragments were trampled under foot.
Yingkou
Goforth ministered at Yingkou (Newchwang), the final resting-place of Scottish missionary William Chalmers Burns. Burns' impact was still being felt 40 years later among the Christian community of Yingkou. However, the same kind of repentance and prayer broke out, here as Goforth wrote:
References
Bibliography
Rosalind Goforth,Goforth of China; McClelland and Stewart, (1937), Bethany House, 1986.
Rosalind Goforth, How I Know God Answers Prayer (1921), Zondervan.
Ruth A. Tucker, From Jerusalem to Iriyan Jaya; A Biographical History of Christian Missions; 1983, Zondervan.
By My Spirit (1929, 1942, 1964, 1983)
Rosalind Goforth, Chinese Diamonds for the King of Kings (1920, 1945)
Alvyn Austin, Saving China: Canadian Missionaries in the Middle Kingdom, 1888–1959 (1986), chaps. 2, 6
Daniel H. Bays, Christian Revival in China, 1900–1937
Edith L. Blumhofer and Randall Balmer, eds., Modern Christian Revivals (1993)
James Webster, Times of Blessing in Manchuria (1908)
"Revival in Manchuria," p. 4; published by the Presbyterian Church in Ireland.
Protestantism in China
Christian revivals
History of Christianity in China |
20464277 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2009%20Comorian%20legislative%20election | 2009 Comorian legislative election | Parliamentary elections were held in the Comoros on 6 December 2009, with a second round on 20 December. The elections were originally scheduled for July 2009, but were postponed until after a constitutional referendum was held in May 2009. They were then scheduled to take place on 29 November, but were delayed again. The result was a victory for the Baobab Movement, a coalition supporting President Ahmed Abdallah Mohamed Sambi.
Electoral system
The elections were held using the two-round system with 24 single-member constituencies. The remaining nine seats in the Assembly of the Union were filled by appointees from the assemblies of the autonomous islands of the Comoros, Grande Comore, Mohéli and Anjouan, with each island selecting three members.
Campaign
Most candidates supporting President Sambi campaigned as the Baobab coalition, named after their identifying symbol, the Baobab tree.
Results
References
Comoros
2009 in the Comoros
Elections in the Comoros
Election and referendum articles with incomplete results |
17327378 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balla%20et%20ses%20Balladins | Balla et ses Balladins | Balla et ses Balladins (also known as Orchestre du Jardin de Guinée) was a dance-music orchestra formed in Conakry, Guinea in 1962 following the break-up of the Syli Orchestre National, Guinea's first state-sponsored group. Also called the Orchestre du Jardin de Guinée, after the "bar dancing" music venue in Conakry that still exists today, the group made a number of recordings for the state-owned Syliphone label and become one of the first modern dance musical groups in Guinea to use traditional musical instruments and fuse together traditional Guinean folk music with more modern influences.
Background
The newly independent state of Guinea established a number of music groups, competitions and festivals throughout the country to play the traditional musics of Guinea rather than the European styles that were popular in the colonial period. The government also set up the Syliphone label to record the ensuing music and thus preserve and enhance the culture of the new nation. Balla et ses Balladins were one of the most popular groups arising from these initiatives.
Career
The group was named after their leader trumpet player Balla Onivogui, who was born in 1938 in Macenta, a small town in south-east Guinea and was a student at a conservatory in Senegal before being recruited to play in the Guinea independence celebrations in 1959. He quickly became a member of the state's leading orchestra, the Syli Orchestre National, who were tasked with working with music groups throughout Guinea to train them to play the traditional musics of the country. In order to expand this programme the government split the orchestra into smaller units, one of which under the leadership of Balla became Balla et ses Balladins and held a residency at the Conakry nightspot Jardin de Guinée. (The other group emerging from the split was the equally renowned Keletigui Et Ses Tambourinis.)
Les Balladins made a number of recordings for the state-owned Syliphone label, which was founded in 1968. The group also toured abroad representing Guinea and some members worked as backing musicians for Miriam Makeba when she lived in Guinea in the 1970s.
In 1970 Balla had a falling-out with some government officials and was briefly replaced as leader by his friend and trombone player Pivi Moriba, to be restored following the intervention of president Sékou Touré himself.
Guinea suffered a series of economic crises in the 1970s and in 1983 the national orchestras were all established as private concerns. In 1984 President Sekou Toure died, and the Syliphone label ended. Balla et ses Balladins continued to play during the Lansana Conte era, and when Balla Onivogui retired in the late 1990s his group recruited new musicians and still performs in Conakry.
Balla Onivogui died from a heart attack on 15 March 2011 in Conakry at the age of 75.
Discography
Tracks on Syliphone compilations
The Syliphone Years (2008) Stern's Music
Various artist compilations
Authenticite - The Syliphone Years (2008) Stern's Music on http://www.sternsmusic.com
The Rough Guide To Psychedelic Africa (2012) World Music Network
References
Guinean musical groups
Musical groups established in 1962
Dance music groups
Musical groups disestablished in 1984
1962 establishments in Guinea |
20464316 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avisauridae | Avisauridae | Avisauridae is a family of extinct enantiornithine dinosaurs from the Cretaceous period, distinguished by several features of their ankle bones. Depending on the definition used, Avisauridae is either a broad and widespread group of advanced enantiornithines (following Cau & Arduini, 2008), or a small family within that group, restricted to species from the Late Cretaceous of North and South America (following Chiappe, 1992).
Description
Avisaurids were among the largest and last enantiornithines to have lived, although they are also among the most poorly preserved. The majority of them are known primarily from fossilized tarsometatarsal bones, the part of a bird's leg formed by fused metatarsals (the bones which comprise the foot in humans). As a result, members of this family are distinguished from other enantiornithines exclusively by features of the tarsometatarsal and pedal phalanges (toe bones).
Unlike in some prehistoric birds, avisaurid tarsometatarsals were not completely fused, with the distal (outer) parts of the metatarsals being separate from each other. The proximal (near) half of metatarsal III (the long bone in the middle of the tarsometatarsus) is convex from the front. The inside edge of this bone's trochlea (toe joint) has a bony tab which points downward, known as a plantar projection. The innermost bone of the tarsometatarsus, metatarsal I, is small, laterally compressed (flattened from side-to-side), and J-shaped from the side. It is connected to a reversed hallux sporting a very large and curved claw.
Chiappe and Calvo (1994) found that the Avisauridae shared adaptations of the foot — including a fully reversed and distally placed hallux with a large claw — that indicated the ability to perch in trees. They argued that an arboreal habit was most likely for all of the Avisauridae.
History and classification
Avisauridae was erected as a family by Michael Brett-Surman and Gregory S. Paul in 1985. At that time the family consisted of a few fossils that they believed belonged to small non-avian dinosaurs. They doubted that these fossils belonged to birds due to the presence of several features of the tarsometatarsus. In Avisaurus (the only avisaurid known at that time), only the proximal parts of the metatarsals were fused, the proximal part of metatarsal III was wide, and the hypotarsus (a wide ridge extending down the back of the tarsometatarsus) was poorly developed.
However, Chiappe later reassigned the Avisauridae to the class Aves (which is equivalent to the clade Avialae in modern usage) and the subclass Enantiornithes in 1992. He noted that the features used to exclude avisaurids from birds are in fact present in some early birds such as Archaeopteryx, as well as various Cretaceous bird groups. Avisaurids also had a thin metatarsal IV (the outermost long bone of the tarsometatarsus) and a bony knob on the front of metatarsal II (the most innermost long bone of the tarsometatarsus) for the insertion of M. tibialis cranialis (the muscle which flexes the ankle, also known as the M. tibialis anticus or M. tibialis anterior), both believed to be enantiornithean features.
Chiappe in 1993 defined the family as the common ancestor of Neuquenornis volans and Avisaurus archibaldi plus all its descendants. In 2008, the family was given a broader definition courtesy of Cau and Arduini. They redefined the group as Avisaurus archibaldi and all genera more closely related to it than to either Longipteryx, Gobipteryx or Sinornis. Matt Martyniuk gave the name Avisauroidea to this group, although the erection of that name has been criticized by Cau. Under this broader definition, several other enantiornitheans, such as Enantiophoenix, would qualify as members of the family. Nevertheless, enantiornithean taxonomy is notably difficult to resolve, and some analyses on enantiornitheans have not resolved the family. However, this may be due to such analyses focusing on early Cretaceous enantiornitheans (which are numerous and well-preserved) rather than fragmentary late Cretaceous taxa, such as most avisaurids.
The following is a cladogram based on Cau and Arduini (2008):
References
Cretaceous birds
Prehistoric dinosaur families |
17327394 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emmy%20Noether%20bibliography | Emmy Noether bibliography | Emmy Noether was a German mathematician. This article lists the publications upon which her reputation is built (in part).
First epoch (1908–1919)
Second epoch (1920–1926)
In the second epoch, Noether turned her attention to the theory of rings. With her paper Moduln in nichtkommutativen Bereichen, insbesondere aus Differential- und Differenzenausdrücken, Hermann Weyl states, "It is here for the first time that the Emmy Noether appears whom we all know, and who changed the face of algebra by her work."
Third epoch (1927–1935)
In the third epoch, Emmy Noether focused on non-commutative algebras, and unified much earlier work on the representation theory of groups.
References
Bibliography
.
External links
List of Emmy Noether's publications by Dr. Cordula Tollmien
List of Emmy Noether's publications in the eulogy by Bartel Leendert van der Waerden
Partial listing of important works at the Contributions of 20th century Women to Physics at UCLA
MacTutor biography of Emmy Noether
Abstract algebra
Bibliographies by writer
Bibliographies of German writers
Science bibliographies |
17327417 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abraham%20S.%20Luchins | Abraham S. Luchins | Abraham S. Luchins (March 8, 1914 – December 27, 2005) was one of the most important American Gestalt Psychologists and a pioneer of group psychotherapy. He was born in Brooklyn, New York and died in New York.
Biography
Luchins was a student and staff member of Max Wertheimer, the main originator of Gestalt Psychology. After Max Wertheimer fled to the US and started lecturing at the New School for Social Research, Luchins worked as his assistant and became one of his closest collaborators from 1936 till 1942.
(In the 1970s he and his wife Edith Hirsch published a series of transcripts and reports on Wertheimer's advanced seminars and workshops.)
He is well known for his research on the role of a mental set (Einstellung effect) in the use of the various water jar refill problems.
The idea was to find out, to what extent the successful use of a problem solving strategy has a negative effect when the task cannot be solved by the previous strategy.
Other fields of research were group psychotherapy and research methods and strategies.
Luchins lectured at Yeshiva University (New York), McGill University (Montreal), the University of Oregon, the University of Miami.
From 1962 on he was professor of psychology at the University at Albany, State University of New York and professor emeritus from 1984.
In 1993 he became an honorary member of the international Society for Gestalt Theory and its Applications (GTA) - Gesellschaft für Gestalttheorie und ihre Anwendungen (GTA).
Main publications
Books
1942: Mechanization in problem solving. In: Psychological Monographs 34, APA: Washington.
1959: A Functional Approach To Training In Clinical Psychology. Thomas: Springfield.
1959 (with Edith H. Luchins): Rigidity of Behavior - A Variational Approach to the Effect of Einstellung. University of Oregon Books: Eugene, Oregon.
1964: Group Therapy - A Guide. Random House: New York (Portuguese edition 1970, Spanish edition 1984).
1965 (with E.H. Luchins): Logical Foundations of Mathematics for Behavioral Scientists. Holt, Rinehart: New York.
1969 (with E.H. Luchins): The Search for Factors that Extremize the Autokinetic Effect. Faculty-Student Association: State University of New York at Albany.
1970 (with E.H. Luchins): Wertheimer's Seminars Revisited: Problem Solving And Thinking, Vols. I, II and III, S.U.N.Y., Albany.
1991-1993 (with E.H. Luchins): Max Wertheimer's Life and Background: Source Materials, Volumes I and II. Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY.
Articles
A.S. Luchins & E.H. Luchins (1979): Introduction to the Einstein-Wertheimer Correspondence, Methodology and Science, Special Einstein Issue, 12, 165–202.
A.S. Luchins & E.H. Luchins (1982): An Introduction to the Origins of Wertheimer's Gestalt Psychology, Gestalt Theory, 4(3-4), 145–171.
A.S. Luchins & E.H. Luchins (1985): Max Wertheimer: His life and work during 1912–1919. Gestalt Theory, 7, 3-28.
A.S. Luchins & E.H. Luchins (1986a): Max Wertheimer: 1919–1929. Gestalt Theory, 8, 4-30.
A.S. Luchins & E.H. Luchins (1986b): Wertheimer in Frankfurt: 1929–1933. Gestalt Theory, 8, 205–224.
A.S. Luchins & E.H. Luchins (1987): Max Wertheimer in America: 1933–1943. Gestalt Theory, 9, 70-101.
A.S. Luchins & E.H. Luchins (1988): The Einstein-Wertheimer Correspondence on Geometric Proofs, The Mathematical Intelligencer, 12(2), pp. 35–43.
About ASL
Obituary by Gerhard Stemberger: Abraham S. Luchins (1914–2005). The American Psychologist, 62(2), 143.
References
External links
The Role of the Social Field in Psychotherapy. By Abraham S. Luchins (1948).
On Being Wertheimer's Student; by Abraham S. Luchins (1993)
Isomorphism in Gestalt theory - Comparison of Wertheimer's and Koehler's concepts; by Abraham S. Luchins and Edith H. Luchins (1999)
Comments on the Concept of Closure by Abraham S. Luchins and Edith H. Luchins
Gestalt Psychologists Remarks on Psychoanalysis - compiled and commented by Abraham S. Luchins and Edith H. Luchins
Kurt Grelling - Steadfast Scholar in a Time of Madness by Abraham S. Luchins and Edith H. Luchins
20th-century American psychologists
Gestalt psychologists
American psychology writers
American male non-fiction writers
American textbook writers
1914 births
2005 deaths
The New School faculty
Yeshiva University faculty
McGill University faculty
University of Oregon faculty
University of Miami faculty
University at Albany, SUNY faculty
20th-century American male writers |
20464325 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don%20Snow | Don Snow | Don Snow (born 13 January 1957 in London) is a British vocalist and multi-instrumentalist, who plays the Hammond organ, piano, guitar, bass guitar, drums and saxophone. He is primarily known for his work with the new wave bands Squeeze, the Sinceros and the Catch, as well as Procol Harum. He has also frequently toured with Van Morrison and has played the Hammond organ and piano on three of his albums.
Career
He started his career in 1978 as an original member of the new wave/power pop outfit the Sinceros, who were signed to Epic Records and released a string of successful albums. Around this time, he also played with Lene Lovich and Bill Nelson, before he joined Squeeze in 1982, replacing Paul Carrack. At this time, he recorded with drummer Chris Whitten as the Catch, releasing the single "25 Years" which reached number 3 on the German charts, sold half a million copies and stayed on the charts for 40 weeks. He also recorded with artists such as Judie Tzuke, Tracey Ullman, Nik Kershaw, ABC and Sheila Walsh.
In 1987, he joined Tina Turner for her Break Every Rule World Tour and recorded the album Live in Europe. He also recorded with Roger Daltrey, Tom Jones, Jimmy Somerville, Chris Eaton, Holly Johnson, Boy George, Jaki Graham and Gary Moore. On 11 June 1988, Snow played the first Nelson Mandela benefit at the Wembley Arena along with Al Green, Joe Cocker, Natalie Cole, Jonathan Butler, Freddie Jackson, and Ashford & Simpson.
In 1990, Snow played with the John Lennon tribute band in Liverpool, before he re-joined Squeeze in 1991 for touring. In 1992, after appearing on records by Tina Turner, Judie Tzuke, Thomas Anders and Heartland, he played keyboards for Procol Harum and later played for Van Morrison. He joined Squeeze for the third time in 1995 and played with Morrison again in 1998.
Since 2000, he has recorded releases with Kylie Minogue, Melanie C, Joe Cocker, Mark Owen, Michael Ball, released several solo albums and recently produced Alexis Cunningham.
In December 1992, he changed his name to Jonn Savannah. He now lives in Medford, New Jersey.
Discography
Album credits
1978 – Lene Lovich – Stateless
1979 – The Sinceros – The Sound of Sunbathing
1979 – The Barron Knights – Tell the World to Laugh
1979 – Peter C. Johnson – Peter C. Johnson
1980 – Johnny Logan – Save Me
1980 – The Vibrators – Batteries Included
1981 – The Sinceros – Pet Rock
1981 – The Quick – Ship to Shore
1981 – The Sinceros – 2nd Debut
1981 – Fingerprintz – Beat Noir
1982 – Jona Lewie – Heart Skips Beat
1982 – Judie Tzuke – Shoot the Moon
1982 – Squeeze – Sweets from a Stranger
1982 – Fern Kinney – All It Takes Love to Know Love
1983 – Wendy & the Rocketts – Dazed for Days
1983 – Bianca – Where the Beat Meets the Street
1983 – Judie Tzuke – Ritmo
1983 – Tracey Ullman – They Don't Know
1984 – The Catch – Balance on Wires
1984 – Nik Kershaw – The Riddle
1984 – Nik Kershaw – Human Racing
1984 – Tracey Ullman – You Caught Me Out
1984 – Tin Tin – Kiss Me
1984 – Paul Da Vinci – Work So Hard
1985 – ABC – How to be a Zillionaire!
1985 – Gianni Morandi – Uno So Mille
1985 – Sheila Walsh – Shadowlands
1987 – The Catch – Walk the Water
1987 – Roger Daltrey – Can't Wait to See the Movie
1987 – Model – Model
1987 – Chris Eaton – Vision
1988 – Tina Turner – Live in Europe
1989 – Holly Johnson – Blast
1989 – Jimmy Somerville – Ready My Lips
1989 – Tom Jones – At This Moment
1989 – Gary Moore – Wild Frontier
1989 – Jaki Graham – From Now On
1989 – Baby Ford – Beach Bump
1991 – Thomas Anders – Whispers
1991 – Tina Turner – Simply the Best
1991 – Judie Tzuke – Left Hand Talking
1991 – Heartland – Heartland
1991 – This Picture – A Violent Impression
1992 – Judie Tzuke – I Can Read Books
1993 – Van Morrison – Too Long in Exile
1994 – Van Morrison – A Night in San Francisco
1994 – Hanne Boel – Misty Paradise
1994 – Gregory Gray – Euroflake in Silverlake
1995 – Brian Kennedy – Intuition
1995 – Martyn Joseph – Martyn Joseph
1995 – Jimmy Somerville – Dare to Love
1995 – Van Morrison – Days Like This
1996 – Ray Charles – Strong Love Affair
1996 – Squeeze – Ridiculous
1996 – Right Said Fred – Smashing!
1996 – Judie Tzuke – Under the Angels
1997 – The Vibrators – Demos & Raities
1999 – Joe Cocker – No Ordinary World
1999 – Ashley Maher – The Blessed Rain
1999 – Siggi – Siggi
1999 – Emmet Swimming – Big Night Without You
2000 – Kylie Minogue – Light Years
2000 – Ruth – Ruth
2001 – Russell Watson – The Voice
2001 – Steve Balsamo – All I Am
2003 – Melanie C – Reason
2003 – American Idol – Season 2
2003 – Ruben Studdard – Superstar
2003 – Sandi Russell – Incascedent
2004 – American Idol – Season 3
2004 – Mark Owen – In Your Own Time
2005 – Bernie Armstrong – The Face of Christ
2006 – Heavy Little Elephants – Heavy Little Elephants
2006 – Michael Ball – One Voice
2007 – Pawnshop Roses – Let It Roll
2009 – Carsie Blanton – Carsie Blanton
2009 – Alcaz – On Se Dit Tout
2010 – Alexis Cunningham – Wonderlust
2011 – Alexis Cunningham – Love at the End of the World
2014 – Die Fantastischen Vier (feat. Jonn Savannah) – 25
References
External links
Official website
Don Snow' Fan page at procolharum.com
1945 births
Living people
English male singers
English multi-instrumentalists
English record producers
English new wave musicians
Procol Harum members
Squeeze (band) members
English expatriates in the United States
People from Medford, New Jersey
The Vibrators members
The Sinceros members |
17327421 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sakonnet%20Light | Sakonnet Light | Sakonnet Light, built in 1884, is a sparkplug lighthouse near Sakonnet Point, Little Compton, Rhode Island, on the eastern side of the state.
The light was deactivated in 1954 after Hurricane Carol and was going to be destroyed, but local citizens protested, and eventually Carl and Carolyn Haffenreffer bought the lighthouse in 1961. Explaining his decision to purchase the lighthouse, Carl Haffenreffer said, "I was afraid someone was going to paint it pink or haul it away for scrap." The lighthouse was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983. The Friends of Sakonnet Lighthouse acquired the lighthouse in 1985, and it was reactivated by the United States Coast Guard in 1997. A $1.45 million restoration of the lighthouse it was completed in 2012. The Friends of the Sakonnet Light were awarded the 2012 Rhody Award by the Rhode Island Historical Preservation and Heritage Commission for their work.
See also
National Register of Historic Places listings in Newport County, Rhode Island
References
External links
Friends of Sakonnet Lighthouse. Lighthouse pics and info
Lighthouses completed in 1884
Lighthouses on the National Register of Historic Places in Rhode Island
Lighthouses in Newport County, Rhode Island
Buildings and structures in Little Compton, Rhode Island
National Register of Historic Places in Newport County, Rhode Island |
20464326 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grenfell%20Centre | Grenfell Centre | Grenfell Centre, also known as The Black Stump, is a high rise office building located at 25 Grenfell Street in the Adelaide city centre. It is the ninth tallest building in Adelaide, South Australia, with a height of . It was the tallest building in the city until surpassed by the Telstra House in 1987. It has 26 floors and was completed in 1973. In the 1980s, the building's foyer and interior were refurbished. A ten-metre antenna was attached in 1980 and upgraded with digital transmitters in 2003, increasing the height a metre further.
In 2007, the building was redeveloped, and two frameless glass cubes were constructed at the entrance of the building. This redevelopment earned it the Royal Australian Institute of Architects Commercial Architecture Award of Commendation.
, Oracle uses the building; over the last few years, the company logo has been displayed at the top.
Its nickname, "black stump", in reference to the building's appearance, is also a colloquial Australian phrase.
See also
List of tallest buildings in Adelaide
References
Skyscrapers in Adelaide
Buildings and structures in Adelaide
Skyscraper office buildings in Australia
Office buildings completed in 1973 |
17327426 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Council%20of%20American%20Maritime%20Museums | Council of American Maritime Museums | The Council of American Maritime Museums (CAMM) was established in 1974 to be a network for professionals working in North American maritime museums. It has a membership of some eighty museums in the United States, Canada, Mexico, and Bermuda.
External links
Official CAMM website
Museum organizations
Maritime museums
History organizations based in the United States
Organizations established in 1974
Maritime history organizations |
17327434 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George%20Chapman%20%28disambiguation%29 | George Chapman (disambiguation) | George Chapman (c. 1559–1634) was an English dramatist, translator, and poet.
George Chapman may also refer to:
George Chapman (murderer) (1865–1903), Polish-born English serial killer aka Sverin Antoniovich Klosowski
George Chapman (healer) (1921–2006), British trance healer and medium
George Chapman (cricketer) (1904–1986), Australian cricketer
George Chapman (footballer, born 1886) (1886–?), Scottish footballer with Blackburn Rovers and Rangers
George Chapman (footballer, born 1920) (1920–1998), English footballer with Brighton & Hove Albion
George Chapman (businessman), businessman from Queensland, Australia
George B. Chapman (1925–2016), Georgetown University professor and biologist
George W. Chapman (footballer) (1909–1980), Australian rules footballer for St Kilda between 1931 and 1935
George L. Chapman (1909–2003), Australian rules footballer for Fitzroy in 1932 and St Kilda in 1933
George Chapman (party president) (born 1927), New Zealand political leader
George Henry Chapman (1832–1882), American Civil War general
George W. Chapman (politician), American lawyer and politician from New York
George Thomson Chapman (1824–1881), New Zealand merchant, bookseller and publisher
George W. Chapman (c. 1900-1970), First National Chief of the Order of the Arrow |
20464345 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010%20Mauritian%20general%20election | 2010 Mauritian general election | General elections were held in Mauritius on 5 May 2010. The coalition comprising Mauritius Labour Party under Navin Ramgoolam, the Militant Socialist Movement under Pravind Jugnauth and the Mauritian Social Democrat Party under Xavier Luc Duval, won a majority with 41 seats in the parliament. The Mauritian Militant Movement-led coalition under Paul Berenger finished second with 18 seats. The Mauritian Solidarity Front won one seat and the Rodrigues Movement won the two remaining seats. The elections were the ninth to be held since independence from the United Kingdom in 1968.
The Mauritius Labour Party, the Mauritian Social Democrat Party (PMSD) and the Militant Socialist Movement (MSM) formed an electoral coalition called Alliance de L'Avenir () for this election. Ramgoolam, the alliance leader, allotted 35 seats to his own party to compete for the 60 seats on the island, whereas the MSM was given 18 and the PMSD 7. Before the election, it appeared that Berenger might gain back the PM's post that he held from 2003 to 2005; he was the first prime minister since independence that was not of South Asian origin. Berenger led his own alliance of parties, known as the Alliance du Coeur (), a reference to the official logo of the Mauritian Militant Movement, by far the biggest party in that alliance. Parties based in Rodrigues compete for the two remaining seats, with the Rodrigues People's Organisation and the Rodrigues Movement being the main parties there.
During the election, 62 seats in the National Assembly of Mauritius were contested with a further 8 seats to be designated by the electoral commission under a complex formula designed to keep a balance of ethnic groups in the parliament. The candidates must declare which ethnic group (Hindu, Muslim, Chinese or "general population") they belong to in order to run for a seat. In 2010, 104 of the candidates refused to do so, resulting in them being disqualified, leaving 529 candidates for the seats. Around 130 foreign observers, including some from the African Union and the Southern African Development Community, were present to monitor the voting process.
Around 900,000 people were eligible to vote in the election. The main issues debated were economic and constitutional reform, fraud, corruption, drug trafficking and ethnicity. Paul Berenger accused the incumbent government of abusing the state-owned television station, the Mauritius Broadcasting Corporation, to influence voters. He also accused his political opponents of using communalism and of negatively drawing attention to his minority Franco-Mauritian ancestry to swing voters against him.
The Alliance de l'Avenir obtained 49.31% of the total votes and 41 seats whereas the Alliance du Coeur seized 42.36% of votes and 18 seats. The remaining parties and independent candidates obtained 8.14% of the votes. From the 62 seats, only ten women were elected.
After the Alliance de L'Avenir was declared winner of the poll, its leader, Navin Ramgoolam, mentioned that he would govern in the interest of every Mauritian so that no one would be left behind. He added that the priorities of his government were the improvement of road infrastructures, the security of the people, education, health and youth development. Paul Berenger, who conceded defeat after the election, said that members of his party would continue their fight for a better Mauritius. He claimed that this election had not been free and fair, attributing the defeat of his alliance to numerous factors including biased coverage of the election by the state-owned television station, more financial resources by his political opponents, communalism and the electoral system. However, he would be prepared to work with the government for electoral reform, especially because his alliance had obtained only 18 of the 62 seats despite seizing 43% of popular votes.
On May 7, 2010, the Electoral Supervisory Commission made their decision on the non-elected candidates to occupy the 8 additional seats in the National Assembly based on the religious and ethnic declarations of the candidates not elected, a system referred to as the 'Best Loser system'. Exceptionally, instead of 8, only 7 candidates were designated. Per the normal procedure, 4 best loser seats are allotted to candidates not elected but having obtained the highest percentage of votes as a member of a political party. However, they had to be of an appropriate religion or ethnic to maintain a balance in the parliament. 4 other seats are to be allotted so as not to change the result of the election. The Alliance de L'Avenir was allotted 4 additional seats whereas the Alliance du Coeur obtained 2 additional seats. Whereas the Electoral Supervisory Commission had no problem in attributing one seat to one candidate of the Rodrigues People's Organisation, they had difficulty in choosing a candidate for the 8th seat, which normally has to be a Sino-Mauritian of one of the two other successful parties in this election. But given neither the Mauritian Solidarity Front nor the Rodrigues Movement had candidates of this community during this election, no candidate was named for the 8th additional seat.
Observers from the African Union for this election declared that the Best Loser system is problematic for the national unity of the country though it can reinforce social cohesion. They also considered the 2010 Mauritian general elections to have been 'free and transparent'.
Results
References
Elections in Mauritius
Mauritius
General election |
20464385 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacob%20Eichholtz | Jacob Eichholtz | Jacob Eichholtz (1776–1842) was an early American painter, known primarily for his portraits in the Romantic Victorian tradition. Born in Lancaster, Pennsylvania in a family of prosperous Pennsylvania Germans, he spent most of his professional life in Philadelphia. A coppersmith by trade, he turned to painting and achieved both recognition and success despite being mainly self-taught as an artist. He is known to have painted over 800 portraits over the course of 35 years. Hundreds of his works are housed in art museums, historical societies, and private collections throughout the United States.
Early life
He was born to Leonard and Catharine Eichholtz, who owned and run the Bull's Head Tavern on East King Street in Lancaster; his father took part in the American Revolutionary War. At age 11, Jacob with his brothers attended the English School at Franklin College in Lancaster where he learned the three Rs — reading, 'riting and 'rithmetic. He also took lessons from a sign painter since his parents noticed his inclination to draw, but eventually he was apprenticed as a coppersmith. After his apprenticeship ended, he started as a tinsmith working with sheet iron. By 1805, Eichholtz opened his own shop in Lancaster where he, "mended sugar boxes, tinned copper kettles, and made coffee pots, wash basins, lanterns, stills, and funnels."
Eichholtz married Catharine Hatz Michael (1770–1817), a young widow with two children; they had four children of their own, Caroline, Catharine Maria, Rubens Mayer, and Margaret Amelia. In 1818, he married Catharine Trissler of Lancaster, and they had nine children, Edward, Anna Maria, Elizabeth Susanna, Benjamin West, Angelica Kauffman, Rebecca, Henry, Robert Lindsay, and Lavallyn Barry.
From tinsmith to painter
From 1808 to 1812, Eichholtz hired several workers to work in the shop, and devoted most of his time to offering his fellow Lancastrians, at first, painted tinware, and then, small profile portraits on wood panels, in order to diversify his business and satisfy his passion for drawing. After developing his abilities as profile painter and gaining enough clients to sustain his family, Eichholtz decided to make painting his main vocation. In 1808, Eichholtz advertised that he "executes Portraits and Profile paintings" in the Lancaster's Intelligencer and Weekly Advertiser. In his own words, "I commenced the coppersmith business on my own account, with pretty good luck; still the more agreeable love of painting continually haunted me."
Two already established painters, James Peale and Thomas Sully, influenced Eichholtz.
In 1808, James Peale visited Lancaster and became acquainted with Eichholtz, who commissioned Peale his portrait. Thomas Sully befriended Eichholtz when he was visiting Lancaster on business and accepted his invitation to work in his painting room. At that time, Sully was not impressed by Eichholtz's attempts in painting calling them hideous; however, he left him his brushes as a gift before leaving Lancaster. Later, Sully wrote that he was surprised and gratified to see how much Eichholtz's painting skills improved, and that, "Eichholtz would have made a first-rate painter had he began early in life with the usual advantages." During the winter of 1811–1812, Eichholtz traveled to Boston where he spent several weeks at the studio of Gilbert Stuart copying his works under Stuart's supervision. Stuart encouraged Eichholtz to continue painting. In 1815, Eichholtz sold his business and turned to painting. In 1820, he visited Baltimore to fulfill portrait commissions; he also worked in Pittsburgh and Delaware.
In 1823, Eichholtz moved to Philadelphia where he, as he later wrote, faced both, "an incessant practice of ten years, and constant employment." He was exhibiting with the Society of Artists at the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts.
Later life and death
Eichholtz relocated back to Lancaster in 1830 where he died in 1842. He and his family were originally interred at Holy Trinity Lutheran Church on South Duke Street in Lancaster, Pennsylvania. In the early 1850s, Holy Trinity Church sought to expand its churchyard, so the church relocated the majority of gravestones and the remains to the new Woodward Hill Cemetery, Lot 33 of Area B, including the remains of Eichholtz and his family. Eichholtz was reburied in the same grave together with both of his wives and their children. By 2014, Eichholtz's gravestone, which was made of marble, had deteriorated due to age and acid rain, rendering the inscription illegible. Local historians have called for the restoration of his headstone, as well as the installation of a brass plaque at the grave site to mark his achievements.
Recognition
For decades the artistic legacy of Jacob Eichholtz was overlooked. As time passed, a reassessment of the significance of his achievements took place and "his portraits of Thaddeus Stevens and James Buchanan are generally accepted as the best that were done of these statesmen."
Gallery
References
Further reading
Hensel, W. U. Jacob Eichholtz, Painter: Some "loose Leaves" from the Ledger of an Early Lancaster Artist. An Address Delivered at the Opening of an Exposition of the Evolution of Portraiture in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, Under the Auspices of the Lancaster County Historical Society and the Iris Club. Lancaster, Pa: Press of the Brecht printing Co, 1912.
Rebecca Beal papers, 1949-1982, Eichholtz's great-granddaughter, The Smithsonian Archives of American Art
Milley, John Calvin. Jacob Eichholtz, 1776–1842, Pennsylvania Portraitist. Master's thesis, University of Delaware, 1960.
External links
Thomas R. Ryan. Jacob Eichholtz (1776-1842), Lancaster County Historical Society
List of Jacob Eichholtz Portrait Subjects
1776 births
1842 deaths
18th-century American painters
18th-century American male artists
American male painters
19th-century American painters
American portrait painters
Artists from Lancaster, Pennsylvania
Artists from Philadelphia
Burials at Woodward Hill Cemetery
19th-century American male artists |
20464397 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2009%20Mexican%20legislative%20election | 2009 Mexican legislative election | Legislative elections were held in Mexico on 5 July 2009. Voters elected 500 new deputies (300 by their respective constituencies, 200 by proportional representation) to sit in the Chamber of Deputies for the 61st Congress.
Opinion polls
Opinion polling, by pollster Demotecnia, that was taken less than a month before the election showed the Institutional Revolutionary Party with 36%, the National Action Party with 31%, and the Party of the Democratic Revolution with 16%.
Voto en blanco
A none of the above movement, dubbed "voto en blanco", or "blank vote", had arisen in response to the perceived corruption of the three major parties running in this election. Starting as a small group on blogs and YouTube, the movement had expanded its ranks, with politicians and intellectuals, such as Jose Antonio Crespo, supporting the movement. Pollster Demotecnia showed that 3% of the people would be willing to boycott the elections in response to the "voto en blanco" movement.
Opposition to the movement came from organizations such as the Federal Electoral Institute, a government institute who seeks to expand voter participation, who claimed that the response to an unsatisfactory democracy is not to have fewer people vote but to have more people involved in the electoral process.
Results
References
Mexico
Legislative election
Legislative elections in Mexico
July 2009 events in Mexico |
20464429 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Dawson%20%28musician%29 | John Dawson (musician) | John Collins Dawson IV (June 16, 1945 – July 21, 2009), nicknamed "Marmaduke", was an American musician, singer, and songwriter. He was best known as the leader and co-founder of the country rock band the New Riders of the Purple Sage. He sang lead vocals on most of the band’s songs.
Musical career
John Dawson was born in Chicago. His family moved to California in 1952. The son of a Los Altos Hills, California filmmaker, he took guitar lessons from a teacher and friend from the Peninsula School in Menlo Park, California. For high school he attended the Millbrook School near Millbrook, New York. While at Millbrook, he took courses in music theory & history and sang in the glee club.
Dawson's musical career began in the mid-1960s folk music scene in the San Francisco Bay Area. There he met fellow guitarist David Nelson, and was part of the rotating lineup of Mother McCree's Uptown Jug Champions, a jug band that included Jerry Garcia and several other future members of the Grateful Dead. Dawson was also heavily influenced by the Bakersfield sound genre of country music.
After a stint at Occidental College, Dawson remained in the Los Angeles metropolitan area for several years. By 1969, Dawson had returned to Los Altos Hills to attend courses at Foothill College. Along with Nelson, he also contributed to the sessions for Aoxomoxoa, the Grateful Dead's third studio album. He also began to write a number of country rock songs, a development coinciding with Garcia's newfound interest in playing pedal steel guitar. Joined by Nelson, they formed the New Riders of the Purple Sage. The New Riders became the opening act for the Grateful Dead, and their original lineup included three Grateful Dead members — Garcia on pedal steel, Phil Lesh on bass, and Mickey Hart on drums. Within a year, Dave Torbert replaced Lesh and Spencer Dryden replaced Hart in the New Riders lineup, with Garcia continuing to play in both bands. In 1970 and 1971, the New Riders and the Grateful Dead performed many concerts together. In November 1971, Buddy Cage replaced Jerry Garcia as the New Riders' pedal steel player, allowing NRPS to tour independently of the Dead.
During this same period, Dawson continued to appear as a guest musician on Grateful Dead studio albums, including Workingman's Dead (1970) and American Beauty (1970). With Jerry Garcia and Robert Hunter, he co-wrote the song "Friend of the Devil".
In the years that followed, Dawson and Nelson led a gradually evolving lineup of musicians in the New Riders of the Purple Sage, playing their psychedelic influenced brand of country rock and releasing a number of studio and live albums. Songwriting duties were generally divided between Dawson (who grew gradually less prolific before enjoying a resurgence on the band's final studio album) and a succession of three bassists: Torbert, Skip Battin (best known for his work with the Clarence White-era Byrds) and Roger McGuinn Band veteran Stephen A. Love. In 1982, David Nelson and Buddy Cage left the band. John Dawson and the New Riders carried on without them, taking on more of a bluegrass influence with the addition of multi-instrumentalist Rusty Gauthier and singer/guitarist Gary Vogensen ( https://garyvogensen.com) to the group. NRPS continued to tour intermittently and released the occasional album. Then, in 1997, Dawson retired from the music business, moved to Mexico, and became an English teacher, and the New Riders disbanded.
In 2005, David Nelson and Buddy Cage revived the New Riders of the Purple Sage, without Dawson's participation but with his agreement and moral support. Subsequently Dawson made several guest appearances at New Riders concerts.
Dawson died in Mexico of stomach cancer on July 21, 2009.
Notes
References
1945 births
2009 deaths
American expatriates in Mexico
American rock guitarists
American male guitarists
Deaths from cancer in Mexico
Deaths from stomach cancer
20th-century American guitarists
New Riders of the Purple Sage members
20th-century American male musicians
Musicians from Chicago |
6900803 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury%20Fur | Mercury Fur | Mercury Fur is a play written by Philip Ridley which premiered in 2005. It is Ridley's fifth adult stage play and premiered at the Plymouth Theatre Royal, before moving to the Menier Chocolate Factory in London.
Set against the backdrop of a dystopian London, the narrative focuses on a party at which the torture and murder of a child is the main entertainment.
The original production was directed by John Tiffany as part of the This Other England season of new writing by Paines Plough and Theatre Royal, Plymouth in England. The part of Elliot was played by Ben Whishaw, who during the previous year had achieved fame and an Olivier Award Nomination for Best Actor for his performance as Hamlet.
The play is particularly noted for being the subject of controversy: Ridley's publisher, Faber and Faber, refused to publish the script and the original production received regular walkouts from audience members along with a generally divided and sometimes hostile response from critics. Over time, Mercury Fur has generally attracted a much more positive reception, with some critics even hailing the play as a "masterpiece".
The play is the first entry in Ridley's unofficially titled "Brothers Trilogy", being followed by Leaves of Glass and Piranha Heights.
Ridley dedicated the play to his agent Rod Hall, who was murdered in May 2004. According to Ridley, the dedication was not originally made in response to Hall's death as it had been arranged some time prior to when Hall was killed.
Story
Mercury Fur is set in a post-apocalyptic version of London's East End, where gang violence and drugs - in the form of hallucinogenic butterflies - terrorize the community. The protagonists are a gang of youths surviving by their wits. They deal the butterflies, selling them to their addicted customers from locations such as the now burnt-out British Museum. Their main source of income, however, is holding parties for wealthy clients in which their wildest, most amoral fantasies are brought to life.
The play, during nearly two uninterrupted hours, centres on a party which revolves around the sadistic murder of a child, enacted according to the whims of a guest. The gang ultimately has to face the question of how far they are willing to go to save the people they love.
Characters
Elliot - Aged 19, he is the main facilitator in preparing the parties as well as being the chief dealer in butterflies which he sells in an ice cream van. He however has only ever taken one, meaning he has retained all his memories from before the butterflies arrived. He hurls a great deal of verbal abuse at Darren but also shows genuine love for him.
Darren - Aged 16, he is Elliot's brother and assistant. He is addicted to the butterflies which have resulted in him having memory loss.
Naz - A young looking 15-year-old orphan who is a regular customer of Elliot's. He like many of the other characters has severe memory loss through butterfly addiction. He happens across the party by accident and wants to help the gang, much to the dismay of Elliot.
Party Piece - A ten-year-old boy. He is the victim prepared for the Party Guest.
Lola - 19-years-old, Lola is skilled in using make-up and designing costumes, which is utilised for the parties. Lola wears feminine clothing and is physically male in appearance. It is not specified in the play if Lola is a transgender woman or a transvestite man (in the play-text Lola is referred to by the "he" pronoun in the stage directions). In 2015 Ridley was asked at a Q&A why the character of Lola is not portrayed by "a female actor". He responded to this by saying that the reason was because "he's transgender, at that stage of transgender he's a... he's a male. […] He's born male and he identifies as a woman."
Spinx - 21 years old, he is the leader of the gang and Lola's brother. He looks after the Duchess with whom it is suggested he has an intimate relationship with. The rest of the gang are mostly fearful of him.
Duchess - A frail and blind 38-year-old woman. She gets her name from being deceived into thinking that she is a duchess of a country. Her belief in this is maintained through her having to rely on the accounts of others as to her situation due to her blindness. She has also mixed up her life history with the character of Maria from The Sound of Music. It is heavily suggested that she may have a closer connection to Elliot and Darren than it initially appears.
Party Guest - 23 years old. The party revolves around enacting his own violent sexual fantasy against a child.
Response and legacy
Rejected publication from Faber and Faber
Before the play received its premiere Ridley's publisher Faber and Faber (who had published the majority of his previous plays) refused to publish the play-text of Mercury Fur.
Ridley has said that he was told that Faber had "objected to the play because of its cruelty to children" and that what he had written "had gone too far". This reasoning was felt to be somewhat ironic as Faber’s decision to refuse publication was relayed to Ridley by phone whilst he was watching footage on his TV of the Beslan school siege, which claimed the lives of over 330 children. Ridley has stated that "The first comment that the editor at Faber said to me was, “I've got to tell you that several people here are seriously offended by this.” I have a thing about dialogue, so I remember. Those were her words. It was as if they'd all suddenly turned into a bunch of Cardinal Wolseys, deciding what was right and wrong. It's not their job to be moral arbiters; it's their job to publish. I think Faber realised they couldn't say this, so after a few weeks they decided to rephrase it as, 'It's a piece of writing that I do not admire.'" Ridley also states that "There was no discussion. I wasn't invited in to clarify my intentions. I sent them a letter saying I thought they had misread it, but they didn't want a discussion. Of course I'm upset, but it is not just an ego thing. If a publisher is saying, 'You've gone too far', what kind of message is that sending out to writers?"
As a result, Ridley parted ways with Faber and joined Methuen who published Mercury Fur instead.
Initial reception and controversy
The play became a theatrical cause célèbre when it premiered, with walkouts reported each night of the show's original run.
Although most critics praised the production’s acting and direction, Ridley’s script was very divisive.
Critics were especially split regarding the play’s depiction of cruelty, which was condemned by some as gratuitous and sensationalist in nature. Matthew Sweet wrote that the play had content that "seemed little more than a questionable authorial indulgence - an exercise in exploitative camp" that reduced "the sensitivity of the audience until they began to find such images [of cruelty] ludicrous and tiresome". Charles Spencer was highly critical, describing Mercury Fur as "the most violent and upsetting new play" of the last ten years, adding that "It positively revels in imaginative nastiness" and condemning it as "a poisonous piece". He went on to declare that everyone involved with the production had been "degraded" and, more controversially, that Ridley was "turned on by his own sick fantasies."
In contrast, the play’s violent content was defended by a variety of reviewers. Kate Bassett wrote that "One might complain that Ridley is a puerile shock jock [or] wonder if the playwright isn't indulging in his own nasty fantasies or even encouraging copycat sadism […] Ridley is writing in the tradition of Greek and Jacobean tragedies. He underlines that brutality warps, suggests that love and morals persist, and is deliberately creating a nightmare scenario rife with allusions to actual world news." Other critics felt that the play justified any shock or offense it might cause. The Independent'''s Paul Taylor wrote that "the play has the right to risk toying with being offensive to bring home just how morally unsettling this depraved, perverted-kicks world has become. If you could sit through it unaffronted on the artistic level, it would surely have failed in its mission." Likewise, John Peter wrote that "Ridley is an observer, shocked and conscientious, as appalled as you are. But he understands the mechanics of cruelty and the minds of people who are fascinated by cruelty and take an obscure pleasure in moralising about it. Ridley doesn't moralise, but he expects you to respond, and he delivers a moral shock." Some other critics also felt that the play contained moral content, such as Aleks Sierz who called it "a very moral play, in which the bad end badly, and the good go down tragically".
Some critics saw political resonances in the play along with allusions to real-world events. The Herald's Carole Woddis wrote that "Ridley’s upsetting portrayal is, I believe, an honourable response to the genocides in Rwanda and atrocities in Iraq". John Peter declared that "Philip Ridley has written the ultimate 9/11 play: a play for the age of Bush and Bin Laden, of Donald Rumsfeld and Charles Clarke; a play for our time, when a sense of terror is both nameless and precise." However, Paul Taylor found that "the political context is too conveniently hazy", and John Gross wrote that "any political arguments are lost amid the sadistic fantasies, kinky rituals, gruesome anecdotes and flights of science fiction", with similar comments coming from Brian Logan: "whatever questions playwright Philip Ridley seeks to pose are drowned out by the shrieking and bloodshed".
Critics were also split on the credibility of the play’s world and its speculative depiction of societal collapse. Michael Billington was critical, stating that he distrusted the play "from its reactionary despair and assumption that we are all going to hell in a handcart" along with writing that it succumbed "to a fashionable nihilism" and that Ridley’s portrayal of social-breakdown "flies in the face of a mass of evidence one could produce to the contrary." In contrast, Alastair Macaulay described the play as a "realistic nightmare" which portrayed "a kind of believable hell […] like the darkest parallel-universe version of the world we know". Aleks Sierz felt that the play’s conclusion was "utterly convincing, even if - in our liberal souls - it seems like a wild exaggeration." In contrast Brian Logan wrote that "I never really believed in ‘Mercury Fur’. Its futuristic setting is more hypothetical than real; it also absolves the audience of moral complicity", whilst John Peter wrote that "most science fiction is moral fiction".
Various critics went on to compare the play to other controversial works, particularly A Clockwork Orange and the plays of Sarah Kane. Some even went as far as to voice concern for the wellbeing for the young actor portraying The Party Piece or thought that the play might make audience members vomit.
Despite this, there were critics that were especially supportive. Alastair Macaulay described the play as "an amazing feat of imagination, engrossing and poetic" whilst Aleks Sierz wrote that the play "makes you feel alive when you're watching it" and declared it to be "probably the best new play of the year". John Peter urged people to see it: "It is a play you need to see for its diagnosis of a terror-stricken and belligerent civilization. I recommend it strongly to the strong in heart."
The critical discordance resulted in some critics being at odds with each other. Having enjoyed the show, critic Miranda Sawyer wrote that she felt "despair" from the negative reviews from "proper" theatre critics and wondered "Where are the theatre critics that speak for me and those like me?" She went on to say that there would be no "room for every type of play in Britain" if critics "remain fuddy-duddies [and] continue to discourage new writing that they don't understand". Sawyer’s comments were challenged by critic Ian Shuttleworth who felt that she implied that the critical divide was generational, which he disputed by citing older critics who defended the play.
In defending the production, director John Tiffany explained that although the play is full of "incredibly shocking images and stories, almost all the violence happens off stage. It is almost Greek in its ambition" and that the play is "the product of a diseased world, not a diseased mind".
Responding to the critical backlash, Ridley described the critics as "blinder than a bagful of moles in a coal cellar", a comment partially made in reference to him witnessing the critic Charles Spencer fall over furniture onstage while trying to find his seat on the play's press night. Ridley went on to argue that theatre in Britain "is the only art form that I can think of where you feel you are in direct conflict with the people who are trying to judge your work" and stated that there was "a serious disconnection between the artists who are working and are trying to move an art movement forward and those who are putting judgement of those artists […] I see it in work of other artists in which it is being inhibited, and this is sending out terrible signals". These and other comments Ridley made about his critics were condemned as "impressively bilious" and "crassly malicious" by Theatre Record editor Ian Shuttleworth.
Defending the play, Ridley expressed what he felt were double standards within the theatrical establishment, in that it is acceptable for there to be scenes of violence in classical drama but not within contemporary plays:
"Why is it that it is fine for the classic plays to discuss - even show - these things, but people are outraged when contemporary playwrights do it? If you go to see King Lear, you see a man having his eyes pulled out; in Medea, a woman slaughters her own children. The recent revival of Iphigenia at the National was acclaimed for its relevance. But when you try to write about the world around us, people get upset. If I'd wrapped Mercury Fur up as a recently rediscovered Greek tragedy it would be seen as an interesting moral debate like Iphigenia, but because it is set on an east-London housing estate it is seen as being too dangerous to talk about. What does that say about the world we live in? What does it say about theatre today?"
Ridley also explained that he felt critics had disliked Mercury Fur because of its subject matter and not for the theatrical experience the play is trying to create for its audience:
"I don’t think there is anything wrong with people being disturbed within the theatre at all… I think theatre is fifteen years behind any other art form… It’s still perceived as a kind of subject matter based art form. You wouldn’t go along and look at a Suzanne painting and criticize it just on the choice of apples [s]he’s chosen to paint, you’d criticize it, and you’d judge it and experience it for the use of paint… Because we come from a basic literal tradition we still view stage plays as kind of glorified novels and we judge them purely on their subject matter, regardless of the theatrical experience of sitting there and watching the play."
Ridley also defended the depiction of violence within the story, arguing that it is used for a moral purpose and that the play is more about love than violence:
"The things that happen in Mercury Fur are not gratuitous, they are heart-breaking. The people may do terrible things but everything they do is out of love, in an attempt to keep each other safe. The play is me asking, 'What would I do in that position?' If you knew that to keep your mother, brother and lover safe, you would have to do terrible things, would you still do them? That's the dilemma of the play. It asks us all, 'What lengths would you go to to save the people you love?'"
Despite this controversy – or perhaps because of it – the play sold out on its initial run and, by the end, was playing to an enthusiastic young audience.
2010 police incident
In 2010 police almost raided Theatre Delicatessen's production of the play (which was staged in a derelict office block) when a resident living next door believed the play's violent scenes were being carried out for real. Actors waiting offstage along with the company's producer intervened before the police would have stopped the performance.
Behind the Eyes
In February 2011 the play was used by the Schema Arts Collective as the basis for a community arts project called Behind the Eyes, which took place at the Sassoon Gallery, London.
The project featured an amateur production of Mercury Fur which was cut down to 40 minutes and used actors from the local area. The performance was particular in its use of sound design with edited audio recordings of the actors and gallery environment incorporated into the production.
The project also featured a thirty-minute documentary film Mercury Fur Unveiled about the cast and creative team's process of realising the project and their views on the play. The documentary was later broadcast on the Community Channel in 2013 and is free to watch online.Behind the Eyes also displayed artwork inspired by the play with a large mural of a shark (which was also utilised as the production's scenic backdrop) and Ridley himself collaborated by exhibiting a series of photographic portraits he had created of the cast.
Critical reappraisal
In 2012 the play was arguably critically reassessed when revived by The Greenhouse Theatre Company, with the production receiving extremely positive reviews and even marketed as "Ridley’s Masterpiece", a statement which was also made by critic Aleks Sierz and A Younger Theatre reviewer Jack Orr.
The play also drew attention for its relevance in the aftermath of the 2011 England Riots with the production's online trailer using dialogue from the play over footage from the riots.
New monologues
For the 2012 production, Ridley wrote four individual new monologues for the characters Elliot, Naz, Lola and Darren which were filmed and put on The Greenhouse Theatre Company's YouTube channel to promote the play transferring to the West End.Greenhouse Theatre Company's YouTube webpage, featuring all four monologues and the production trailer
Legacy and influence
On seeing the original production, dramaturg and theatre director Lisa Goldman described the play as "one of the greatest theatre experiences of my life" which led to her commissioning and directing Ridley's next two plays Leaves of Glass and Piranha Heights.
Mark Ravenhill (a playwright who is generally recognised for his 1996 in-yer-face play Shopping and Fucking) named Mercury Fur as "the best play" he had seen in 2005.
The playwright Lou Ramsden has described the play as a major influence on her work, stating that "nothing changed my theatrical outlook quite like [the] first production of Mercury Fur at the Menier Chocolate factory… It showed me that I could do more than just picture a stage – I could use the circumstances of the theatre as well. The fact that the audience were in an inescapable black box served to ramp up the tension of the play, to unbearable levels... My heart literally pounded. I was thrilled by the revelation that theatre could be more than just an exercise in language, or a nice, polite, passively watched story – it could elicit a physical reaction, giving people a horrifyingly visceral roller-coaster ride." Ramsden has cited how this experience of hers informed the writing of her 2010 play Breed and her 2011 play Hundreds and Thousands.
Ridley has described Mercury Fur as a turning point in his career as a playwright: "After Mercury Fur, the work reinvented itself. It was as if people saw [my plays] for the first time. A whole new generation of younger directors came along – and they all just got it. In the past, I had to go into rehearsals [of my plays] and explain what I was doing. Then it was as if somebody flicked a switch and suddenly that changed."
Plays that critics believe have been influenced by or bear homage to Mercury Fur include:
(2006) Motortown by Simon Stephens
(2011) Three Kingdoms by Simon Stephens
(2014) Hotel by Polly Stenham
(2014) The Wolf from the Door by Rory Mullarkey
ProductionsMercury Fur'' has been performed worldwide in countries such as Australia, France, Italy, Malta, Turkey, the Czech Republic, the United States and Japan.
See also
Vurt
Blasted
In-yer-face theatre
Further reading
References
External links
2005 Interview with Philip Ridley for The Guardian on the controversy Mercury Fur created before its premiere
Audio interview from 2005 of Philip Ridley defending Mercury Fur on Theatre VOICE
2007 Interview with Philip Ridley for the Sydney Morning Herald
Audio interview with Theatre VOICE from 2012 of Ned Bennet on directing the 2012 revival of Mercury Fur
Edited transcript of a post show Q&A with Philip Ridley and the cast of the 2012 London revival of Mercury Fur
Audio recording of a post show Q&A with Philip Ridley after Middle Child's 2015 production of Mercury Fur in Hull
Plays by Philip Ridley
2005 plays
Dystopian literature
Theatre about drugs
Post-apocalyptic fiction
Science fiction theatre
Transgender-related theatre
Plays set in London |
6900811 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood%20Done%20Sign%20My%20Name | Blood Done Sign My Name | Blood Done Sign My Name (2004) is a historical memoir written by Timothy B. Tyson. He explores the 1970 murder of Henry D. Marrow, a black man in Tyson's then home town of Oxford, North Carolina. The murder is described as the result of the complicated collision of the Black Power movement and the white backlash against public school integration and other changes brought by the civil rights movement.
Since 2004, the book has sold 160,000 copies. It has earned several awards: the Grawemeyer Award in Religion from the Louisville Presbyterian Theological Seminary, which had a $200,000 prize, the Southern Book Award for Nonfiction from the Southern Book Critics Circle, the Christopher Award, and the North Caroliniana Book Award from the North Caroliniana Society. It was also a finalist for the National Book Critics Circle Award. The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill selected the book for its 2005 summer reading program.
The book was adapted as a movie by the same name, released in 2010. Entertainment Weekly ranked it on a "must see" list.
Story
Tyson has said that the title comes from a slave spiritual later sung as a "blues lament", particularly this phrase: "Ain't you glad, ain't you glad, that the blood done sign my name?"
The book explores the effects of the 1970 killing of Henry Marrow, a 23-year-old black Vietnam War veteran in Oxford, North Carolina. This is the county seat of Granville County, a center of tobacco culture. Then a town of 10,000, it is located 35 miles north of Durham. Three white men were indicted on charges of murder, but they were acquitted at trial by an all-white jury. Black protests of the killing and acquittal included acts of arson and violence.
Black people organized a protest march to the state capital of Raleigh. In addition, they conducted an 18-month boycott of white businesses in Oxford, a mostly segregated town, to force integration in public facilities. The Marrow case helped galvanize continued African-American civil rights activities in Oxford and across the eastern North Carolina black belt.
Local civil rights activist Ben Chavis took a lead role in these activities; he led the march to the capital and the boycott of local businesses. The Marrow killing and related events radicalized the African-American freedom struggle in North Carolina, which was trying to gain progress after the successful passage of civil rights legislation in the mid-1960s. Racial conflict in Wilmington, North Carolina resulted in the burning of a grocery store. The Wilmington Ten cases resulted from charges against Ben Chavis and nine other black men in this incident. Several of the men were convicted and sentenced to long prison terms. They were eventually freed on an appeal. In the 1990s Chavis was selected as the youngest executive director of the NAACP in its history. He later was an organizer of the Million Man March.
Tyson lived as a child in Oxford, where his father was the minister of the prominent Oxford United Methodist Church. He explores not only the white supremacy of the South's racial caste system but his personal and family stories. (His father was driven out of the church because of his support for civil rights.) Tyson interweaves a narrative of the story and its effects on him, with a discussion of the racial history of North Carolina and the United States, and the violent realities of that history on both sides of the color line.
He explores the persistence of discrimination years after passage of federal laws to enforce civil rights, and the more complex aspects of the later civil rights movement.
Reception
Entertainment Weekly praised its "deadpan, merciless self-examination" and said it "pulses with vital paradox... It's a detached dissertation, a damning dark-night-of-the-white-soul, and a ripping yarn, all united by Tyson's powerful voice, a brainy, booming Bubba profundo." Historian Jane Dailey, writing in the Chicago Tribune, called it "Admirable and unexpected... a riveting story that will have its readers weeping with both laughter and sorrow."
Adaptations
The book was adapted as a film written and directed by writer Jeb Stuart. It was released in 2010, starring Ricky Schroder, Omar Benson Miller, and Michael Rooker. It was filmed in the cities of Shelby, Statesville, Monroe and Gastonia, North Carolina. The African-American historian John Hope Franklin has a cameo in the film.
It was also adapted as a play of the same name by Mike Wiley, which premiered at Duke University in 2008. It was also produced at the city hall in Oxford, North Carolina on February 13, 2009.
See also
Civil rights movement in popular culture
References
External links
Interview about Blood Done Sign My Name, National Public Radio
2004 non-fiction books
African-American autobiographies
Books about African-American history
History of African-American civil rights
Civil rights movement in popular culture |
6900824 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National%20Recording%20Preservation%20Board | National Recording Preservation Board | The United States National Recording Preservation Board selects recorded sounds for preservation in the Library of Congress' National Recording Registry. The National Recording Registry was initiated to maintain and preserve "sound recordings that are culturally, historically or aesthetically significant"; to be eligible, recordings must be at least ten years old. Members of the Board also advise the Librarian of Congress on ongoing development and implementation of the national recorded sound preservation program.
The National Recording Preservation Board (NRPB) is a federal agency located within the Library of Congress. The NRPB was established by the National Recording Preservation Act of 2000 (Public Law 106–474). This legislation also created both the National Recording Registry and the non-profit National Recording Preservation Foundation, which is loosely affiliated with the National Recording Preservation Board, but the private-sector Foundation (NRPF) and federal Board (NRPB) are separate, legally distinct entities.
The main responsibilities of the board are:
Develop the National Recording Registry selection criteria
Recommend and review nominees
Develop a National Recording Preservation Study and Action Plan comparable to those by the National Film Preservation Board
Organization
The board is appointed by the Librarian of Congress and is composed of representatives from professional organizations of composers, musicians, musicologists, librarians, archivists and the recording industry. Explicitly it is composed of up to 5 "at-large" members and 17 member/alternate pairs from the following 17 organizations:
American Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers
American Federation of Musicians
American Folklore Society
American Musicological Society
Association for Recorded Sound Collections
Audio Engineering Society
Broadcast Music Incorporated
Country Music Foundation
Digital Media Association
Music Library Association
National Archives and Records Administration
National Academy of Popular Music
National Association of Recording Merchandisers
National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences
Recording Industry Association of America
SESAC
Society for Ethnomusicology
See also
National Film Preservation Board
Notes
External links
Home Page
Sound archives in the United States
Music archives in the United States
2000 establishments in the United States |
6900827 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cirrhigaleus | Cirrhigaleus | Cirrhigaleus is a genus of sharks in the Squalidae (dogfish) family, which is part of the Squaliformes order.
Species
Cirrhigaleus asper Merrett, 1973 (roughskin spurdog)
Cirrhigaleus australis W. T. White, Last & Stevens, 2007 (southern mandarin dogfish)
Cirrhigaleus barbifer S. Tanaka (I), 1912 (mandarin dogfish)
References
Shark genera
Taxa named by Shigeho Tanaka |
6900829 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thant%20Myint-U | Thant Myint-U | Thant Myint-U ( ; born 31 January 1966) is an American-born Burmese historian, writer, grandson of former United Nations Secretary-General U Thant, former UN official, and former special adviser to the president for the peace process. He has authored five books, including The River of Lost Footsteps: A Personal History of Burma and Where China Meets India: Burma and the New Crossroads of Asia. He founded the Yangon Heritage Trust in 2012 to protect colonial architecture and lobby for urban planning in the Burmese capital Yangon.
Life and education
Thant Myint-U was born in New York City to Burmese parents. He grew up in Riverdale, Bronx at the home of his maternal grandfather, the then-Secretary-General of the United Nations U Thant. From 1971 to 1980, he studied at Riverdale Country School, a private college-preparatory day school in Bronx. He graduated from International School Bangkok in 1983. He has three sisters. He gained Burmese citizenship in 2011 and is now a Myanmar national.
Thant earned a B.A in government and economics from Harvard University, an MA in international relations and international economics from Johns Hopkins University, and his PhD in history from Cambridge University in 1996. From 1996 to 1999, he was a junior research fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge, where he taught history. Thant is married to Sofia Busch. He has a son, Thurayn-Harri, born in 1999 to Hanna Guðrún, a granddaughter of Iceland's first woman mayor Hulda Jakobsdóttir.
Career
He served on three UN peacekeeping operations. He first served as a human rights officer from 1992 to 1993 at the UN Transitional Authority for Cambodia in Phnom Penh. In 1994, he was the spokesman for the UN Protection Force in the former Yugoslavia, based in Sarajevo. In 1996, he was a political adviser in the Office of the UN's Special Representative for Bosnia and Herzegovina.
In 2000, he joined the UN Secretariat in New York. He worked first at the Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs, then at the United Nations Department of Political Affairs, and at the Policy Planning Unit as a chief in 2004. During this time, he was a member of the secretariat of the Secretary-General's Panel on Threats, Challenges and Change (High Level Threat Panel). From the late 2005 to early 2006, he was briefly a senior officer at the Executive Office of the Secretary-General.
Aside from being chairman of the Yangon Heritage Trust, he was, from 2011 to 2015, a member of the National Economic and Social Advisory Council, special adviser to the Myanmar government for the peace process at the Myanmar Peace Centre, senior research fellow of the Myanmar Development Resources Institute, and member of the Fund Board of the (Myanmar) Livelihoods and Food Security Trust Fund.
During a December 2019 book tour in the US, Thant expressed his forebodings about Myanmar's future. In an interview with Singapore's The Straits Times, Thant remarked that the threat of climate change made him pessimistic about the country's future. "I think whatever we think of the [Myanmar's] ledger in general, perhaps it comes to 50/50," he said. "When you add on what is almost certainly going to be the impact of global climate change on Burma, I think it's hard to be too optimistic right now."
Works
Thant has written opt-in pieces for The New York Times, The Washington Post, the Los Angeles Times the International Herald Tribune, the London Review of Books, the New Statesman, the Far Eastern Economic Review, Time and The Times Literary Supplement. His book, The River of Lost Footsteps was on India's Monster and Critics' non-fiction bestsellers list for the fourth week of October 2007. He was awarded the "Asia Pacific Awards" (Asian Affairs Research Council and Mainichi Newspapers) "Special Prize" in November 2014 for Where China Meets India. His latest book, The Hidden History of Burma was released in November 2019.
Awards
For his efforts to preserve Yangon's built heritage, he was named by the Foreign Policy magazine as one of the "100 Leading Global Thinkers" in its annual list in 2013. He was voted 15th in Prospect magazine's annual online poll of the "World's Leading Thinkers" in 2014 in a list which feature many notable Indians including Kaushik Basu.He received Fukuoka Prize in 2015 awarded by the city of Fukuoka. In 2018, he received Padma Shri, the fourth-ranked civilian award in India.
References
Harvard University alumni
Johns Hopkins University alumni
American people of Burmese descent
Historians of Southeast Asia
1966 births
Living people
21st-century American historians
Recipients of the Padma Shri in public affairs |
6900837 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andy%20Spognardi | Andy Spognardi | Andrea Ettore Spognardi (October 18, 1908 – January 1, 2000) was a Major League Baseball infielder who played for the Boston Red Sox during the last month of the 1932 season, in which the Red Sox finished in last place, 54 games behind the league champion New York Yankees. The Boston College athlete had never played in the minor leagues before his first Red Sox appearance, when he substituted in a game they were losing 15-0 in Philadelphia. The 23-year-old rookie was tall and weighed 160 lbs.
In 17 games as a second baseman, shortstop and third baseman he handled 52 of 53 chances successfully for a fielding percentage of .981. He hit .294 (10-for-34), and 6 bases on balls raised his on-base percentage up to .400. He scored 9 runs and had 1 run batted in.
Spognardi died in his hometown of Boston, Massachusetts, at the age of 91.
External links
Baseball Reference
Retrosheet
Major League Baseball infielders
Baseball players from Massachusetts
Boston Red Sox players
1908 births
2000 deaths
Major League Baseball second basemen
Watertown Townies players |
6900838 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20All%20Star%20Talent%20Show | The All Star Talent Show | The All Star Talent Show is a 2006 UK television programme that was broadcast on Five. It was presented by Andi Peters and Myleene Klass, with Julian Clary making up the judging panel alongside two guest judges. Each show had six celebrities performing, with the winner of each episode going into the final at the end of the series. In addition, the runner up with the most votes at the end of the series also performed again in the final. Backing vocals on the show were directed and sung by Tracy Graham and Tara McDonald.
Episodes
Week 1 (8 September)
The two guest judges on this episode were Jo Brand and Kerry Katona. The winner of this heat was Carol Thatcher. Juliette Foster was the highest scoring runner up in the whole series and so made it into the final as well.
Week 2 (15 September)
The two guest judges on this episode were Bobby Davro and Sally Lindsay. The winner of this heat was Jodie Marsh.
Week 3 (22 September)
The two guest judges on this episode were Lucy Benjamin and Christopher Biggins. The winner of this heat was Roy Walker.
Week 4 (29 September)
The two guest judges on this episode were Bonnie Langford and Freddie Starr. The winner of this heat was Henry Olonga.
Week 5 (6 October)
The two guest judges on this episode were Peter André and Vanessa Feltz. The winner of this heat was Toby Anstis.
Week 6: Final (13 October)
The two guest judges on this episode were Jo Brand and David Gest.
The winner of the series was Henry Olonga.
External links
Channel 5 (British TV channel) reality television shows
2000s British reality television series
2006 British television series debuts
2006 British television series endings
Talent shows
Celebrity reality television series
Celebrity competitions
English-language television shows |
6900845 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biodiversity%20informatics | Biodiversity informatics | Biodiversity informatics is the application of informatics techniques to biodiversity information, such as taxonomy, biogeography or ecology. Modern computer techniques can yield new ways to view and analyze existing information, as well as predict future situations (see niche modelling). Biodiversity informatics is a term that was only coined around 1992 but with rapidly increasing data sets has become useful in numerous studies and applications, such as the construction of taxonomic databases or geographic information systems. Biodiversity informatics contrasts with "bioinformatics", which is often used synonymously with the computerized handling of data in the specialized area of molecular biology.
Overview
Biodiversity informatics (different but linked to bioinformatics) is the application of information technology methods to the problems of organizing, accessing, visualizing and analyzing primary biodiversity data. Primary biodiversity data is composed of names, observations and records of specimens, and genetic and morphological data associated to a specimen. Biodiversity informatics may also have to cope with managing information from unnamed taxa such as that produced by environmental sampling and sequencing of mixed-field samples. The term biodiversity informatics is also used to cover the computational problems specific to the names of biological entities, such as the development of algorithms to cope with variant representations of identifiers such as species names and authorities, and the multiple classification schemes within which these entities may reside according to the preferences of different workers in the field, as well as the syntax and semantics by which the content in taxonomic databases can be made machine queryable and interoperable for biodiversity informatics purposes...
History of the discipline
Biodiversity Informatics can be considered to have commenced with the construction of the first computerized taxonomic databases in the early 1970s, and progressed through subsequent developing of distributed search tools towards the late 1990s including the Species Analyst from Kansas University, the North American Biodiversity Information Network NABIN, CONABIO in Mexico, INBio in Costa Rica, and others, the establishment of the Global Biodiversity Information Facility in 2001, and the parallel development of a variety of niche modelling and other tools to operate on digitized biodiversity data from the mid-1980s onwards (e.g. see ). In September 2000, the U.S. journal Science devoted a special issue to "Bioinformatics for Biodiversity", the journal Biodiversity Informatics commenced publication in 2004, and several international conferences through the 2000s have brought together biodiversity informatics practitioners, including the London e-Biosphere conference in June 2009. A supplement to the journal BMC Bioinformatics (Volume 10 Suppl 14) published in November 2009 also deals with biodiversity informatics.
History of the term
According to correspondence reproduced by Walter Berendsohn, the term "Biodiversity Informatics" was coined by John Whiting in 1992 to cover the activities of an entity known as the Canadian Biodiversity Informatics Consortium, a group involved with fusing basic biodiversity information with environmental economics and geospatial information in the form of GPS and GIS. Subsequently, it appears to have lost any obligate connection with the GPS/GIS world and be associated with the computerized management of any aspects of biodiversity information (e.g. see )
Digital taxonomy (systematics)
Global list of all species
One major goal for biodiversity informatics is the creation of a complete master list of currently recognised species of the world. This goal has been achieved to a large extent by the Catalogue of Life project which lists >2 million species in its 2022 Annual Checklist. A similar effort for fossil taxa, the Paleobiology Database documents some 100,000+ names for fossil species, out of an unknown total number.
Genus and species scientific names as unique identifiers
Application of the Linnaean system of binomial nomenclature for species, and uninomials for genera and higher ranks, has led to many advantages but also problems with homonyms (the same name being used for multiple taxa, either inadvertently or legitimately across multiple kingdoms), synonyms (multiple names for the same taxon), as well as variant representations of the same name due to orthographic differences, minor spelling errors, variation in the manner of citation of author names and dates, and more. In addition, names can change through time on account of changing taxonomic opinions (for example, the correct generic placement of a species, or the elevation of a subspecies to species rank or vice versa), and also the circumscription of a taxon can change according to different authors' taxonomic concepts. One proposed solution to this problem is the usage of Life Science Identifiers (LSIDs) for machine-machine communication purposes, although there are both proponents and opponents of this approach.
A consensus classification of organisms
Organisms can be classified in a multitude of ways (see main page Biological classification), which can create design problems for Biodiversity Informatics systems aimed at incorporating either a single or multiple classification to suit the needs of users, or to guide them towards a single "preferred" system. Whether a single consensus classification system can ever be achieved is probably an open question, however the Catalogue of Life has commissioned activity in this area which has been succeeded by a published system proposed in 2015 by M. Ruggiero and co-workers.
Biodiversity Maps
Biodiversity maps provide a cartographic representation of spatial biodiversity data. This data can be used in conjunction with Species Checklists to help with biodiversity conservation efforts. Biodiversity maps can help reveal patterns of species distribution and range changes. This may reflect biodiversity loss, habitat degradation, or changes in species composition. Combined with urban development data, maps can inform land management by modeling scenarios which might impact biodiversity.
Biodiversity maps can be produced in a variety of ways: traditionally range maps were hand-drawn based on literature reports but increasingly large-scale data, e.g. from citizen science projects (e.g. iNaturalist) and digitized museum collections (e.g. VertNet) are used. GIS tools such as ArcGIS or R packages such as dismo can specifically aid in species distribution modeling (ecological niche modeling) and even predict impacts of ecological change on biodiversity. GBIF, OBIS, and IUCN are large web-based repositories of species spatial-temporal data that source many existing biodiversity maps.
Mobilizing primary biodiversity information
"Primary" biodiversity information can be considered the basic data on the occurrence and diversity of species (or indeed, any recognizable taxa), commonly in association with information regarding their distribution in either space, time, or both. Such information may be in the form of retained specimens and associated information, for example as assembled in the natural history collections of museums and herbaria, or as observational records, for example either from formal faunal or floristic surveys undertaken by professional biologists and students, or as amateur and other planned or unplanned observations including those increasingly coming under the scope of citizen science. Providing online, coherent digital access to this vast collection of disparate primary data is a core Biodiversity Informatics function that is at the heart of regional and global biodiversity data networks, examples of the latter including OBIS and GBIF.
As a secondary source of biodiversity data, relevant scientific literature can be parsed either by humans or (potentially) by specialized information retrieval algorithms to extract the relevant primary biodiversity information that is reported therein, sometimes in aggregated / summary form but frequently as primary observations in narrative or tabular form. Elements of such activity (such as extracting key taxonomic identifiers, keywording / index terms, etc.) have been practiced for many years at a higher level by selected academic databases and search engines. However, for the maximum Biodiversity Informatics value, the actual primary occurrence data should ideally be retrieved and then made available in a standardized form or forms; for example both the Plazi and INOTAXA projects are transforming taxonomic literature into XML formats that can then be read by client applications, the former using TaxonX-XML and the latter using the taXMLit format. The Biodiversity Heritage Library is also making significant progress in its aim to digitize substantial portions of the out-of-copyright taxonomic literature, which is then subjected to optical character recognition (OCR) so as to be amenable to further processing using biodiversity informatics tools.
Standards and protocols
In common with other data-related disciplines, Biodiversity Informatics benefits from the adoption of appropriate standards and protocols in order to support machine-machine transmission and interoperability of information within its particular domain. Examples of relevant standards include the Darwin Core XML schema for specimen- and observation-based biodiversity data developed from 1998 onwards, plus extensions of the same, Taxonomic Concept Transfer Schema, plus standards for Structured Descriptive Data, and Access to Biological Collection Data (ABCD); while data retrieval and transfer protocols include DiGIR (now mostly superseded) and TAPIR (TDWG Access Protocol for Information Retrieval). Many of these standards and protocols are currently maintained, and their development overseen, by Biodiversity Information Standards (TDWG).
Current activities
At the 2009 e-Biosphere conference in the U.K., the following themes were adopted, which is indicative of a broad range of current Biodiversity Informatics activities and how they might be categorized:
Application: Conservation / Agriculture / Fisheries / Industry / Forestry
Application: Invasive Alien Species
Application: Systematic and Evolutionary Biology
Application: Taxonomy and Identification Systems
New Tools, Services and Standards for Data Management and Access
New Modeling Tools
New Tools for Data Integration
New Approaches to Biodiversity Infrastructure
New Approaches to Species Identification
New Approaches to Mapping Biodiversity
National and Regional Biodiversity Databases and Networks
A post-conference workshop of key persons with current significant Biodiversity Informatics roles also resulted in a Workshop Resolution that stressed, among other aspects, the need to create durable, global registries for the resources that are basic to biodiversity informatics (e.g., repositories, collections); complete the construction of a solid taxonomic infrastructure; and create ontologies for biodiversity data.
Example projects
Global:
The Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF), and the Ocean Biogeographic Information System (OBIS) (for marine species)
The Species 2000, ITIS (Integrated Taxonomic Information System), and Catalogue of Life projects
Global Names
EOL, The Encyclopedia of Life project
The Consortium for the Barcode of Life project
The Map of Life project
The Reptile Database project
The AmphibiaWeb project
The uBio Universal Biological Indexer and Organizer, from the Woods Hole Marine Biological Laboratory
The Index to Organism Names (ION) from Clarivate Analytics, providing access to scientific names of taxa from numerous journals as indexed in the Zoological Record
The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera (IRMNG)
ZooBank, the registry for nomenclatural acts and relevant systematic literature in zoology
The Index Nominum Genericorum, compilation of generic names published for organisms covered by the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature, maintained at the Smithsonian Institution in the U.S.A.
The International Plant Names Index
MycoBank, documenting new names and combinations for fungi
The List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN) - Official register of valid names for bacteria and archaea, as governed by the International Code of Nomenclature of Bacteria
The Biodiversity Heritage Library project - digitising biodiversity literature
Wikispecies, open source (community-editable) compilation of taxonomic information, companion project to Wikipedia
TaxonConcept.org, a Linked Data project that connects disparate species databases
Instituto de Ciencias Naturales. Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Virtual Collections and Biodiversity Informatics Unit
ANTABIF. The Antarctic Biodiversity Information Facility gives free and open access to Antarctic Biodiversity data, in the spirit of the Antarctic Treaty.
Genesys, database of plant genetic resources maintained in national, regional and international gene banks
VertNet, Access to vertebrate primary occurrence data from data sets worldwide.
Regional / national projects:
Fauna Europaea
Atlas of Living Australia
Pan-European Species directories Infrastructure (PESI)
Symbiota
iDigBio, Integrated Digitized Biocollections (USA)
i4Life project
Sistema de Información sobre Biodiversidad de Colombia
India Biodiversity Portal (IBP)
Bhutan Biodiversity Portal (BBP)
Weed Identification and Knowledge in the Western Indian Ocean (WIKWIO)
LifeWatch is proposed by ESFRI as a pan-European research (e-)infrastructure to support Biodiversity research and policy-making.
A listing of over 600 current biodiversity informatics related activities can be found at the TDWG "Biodiversity Information Projects of the World" database.
See also
Web-based taxonomy
List of biodiversity databases
References
Further reading
External links
Biodiversity Informatics (journal)
Information science by discipline
Taxonomy (biology)
Computational fields of study |
6900852 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plant%20City%20Union%20Depot | Plant City Union Depot | The Plant City Union Depot is a historic train depot in Plant City, Florida, Florida, United States. It was built in 1909 and was crucial in the development of Plant City. The city was named after Henry Plant, who introduced railway lines to improve the transport system in Central and Western Florida. The architectural design is credited to J.F. Leitner.
It is located 102 N. Palmer street near Northeast Drane Street, and was built by the Plant Railroad System and the Florida Navigation and Rail Co., which later became the Atlantic Coast Line Railroad (ACL) and Seaboard Air Line Railroad (SAL). These two lines became more commonly known as the “A Line” and “S Line” after the two railroads merged, which happened when the depot was still operational. The ACL tracks ran east and west. The SAL tracks ran north and south and contained a Railway Express Agency loading dock. The southbound station served ACL trains bound for Tampa and Sarasota and the other station served SAL trains bound for Sarasota, Boca Grande, Naples and Miami.
Plant City Union Depot continued to operate until 1971. It was about to get torn down by the city in 1974, but was saved Plant City Arts Council. On April 14, 1975, it was added to the National Register of Historic Places by the U.S Department of Interior.
Plant City Union Depot was converted into and renamed as the Robert W. Willaford Railroad Museum in September 2013 and is open to the public. It is named after Robert W. Willaford in honor of his contributions to this conversion project and his dedication towards trains.
History
When operational, the busy station was accommodating about 44 passenger trains daily. The line was held active by many important figures who travelled along it. The military also took this line to depart for their missions. It was characterized as one of the largest railroad distribution stop and was ranked as the second busiest transportation hub in the state of Florida, Jacksonville being the first. Its strategic location was what determined its important role in the area. It is known that farmers shipped nearly 4 million quarts of strawberries in 1926 through the station itself. The uniqueness of the station was that farmers used it to pay their buyers directly on the station while selling their produce. The introduction of trucks slowed the station's activity to a halt. Once it stopped operating, the railroad was deeded to the city four years later. It was then attributed the title of historic monument and was under the control of the Plant City Art Council.
Passenger service
The Atlantic Coast Line Railroad used the station for its West Coast Champion, bound for Tampa and Sarasota and unnamed trains heading in the same direction.
The Seaboard Air Line used it for its Wildwood to St. Petersburg division. SAL trains serving the station included the Palmland, Silver Meteor and the Sunland.
Restoration
Plant City union depot was restored numerous times with the support of multiple grants allotted, after being listed in the National Register of Historic Places. One major change was to move the two-story tower from the station across the tracks and was completed in April 1987. The idea of adding a restaurant was proposed but not finalized. Some rooms were also restored to serve as art classes for the community. These were made possible from the funds raised by the art council. In 1988, work was performed on the exterior structure of the building with some minor alterations in the interior. In 1997, more grants were given to install bathrooms and air conditioning system. In 2014, the station experienced a major restoration change that stayed till date.
Naming
The name “union” was inherited after the merging of the two competing railroad companies, the Atlantic Coast Line and Seaboard Air Line into the Seaboard Coast Line Railroad in 1967. The station was reopened as museum and was renamed in a ceremony that was organized during the first Railfest in February 2014. It is now known as Robert W. Willaford Railroad Museum.
Robert W. Willaford Railroad Museum
Robert W. Willaford is a retired locomotive engineer, best known in the community as Plant City’s railroad expert and for his passion towards train. His unique passion led him to keep a train engine and caboose on display in his yard for many years. He was contacted by the City Commissioner Mike Sparkman and told to make some donations in regards to trains. This was the start of the changes and restoration that happened till date. Willaford himself was unaware of what his contributions meant to the community. His contribution to this project was about 28 railroad items, ranging approximately $212 500, that he collected for nearly 43 years. He amassed and salvaged this collection from scrap yards coming from Miami, Georgia, Baltimore, Ohio, Vermont. In return to this contribution and after undertaking several negotiations, Willaford and the city agreed in renaming the new museum as the Robert W. Willaford Railroad Museum in February 2014.
Recent changes
On November 14, 2013, the caboose along with the engine were moved to the actual site. Prior to the arrival of the train, C.J. Bridges Railroad Contractor installed tracks for the caboose. These changes were made under the supervision of the City Commissioner. The two-story building has been equipped with an elevator to give access for visitors with disabilities. A train platform has also been built to display some of the memorabilia that was donated earlier. The 24/7 viewing platform has been built for train enthusiasts to view the few operational trains still passing through Plant City. The brickwork has been renovated and a roof has been built. The platform's model was inspired from Georgia’s Folkston Funnel which is a train station with a similar viewing platform. The station will now have a scanner which record the transmissions between trains like the Folkston Funnel. Plant City's depot is bigger than that of Georgia's as it has a 14- foot tower and a lower deck platform.
Events
Since the opening of the museum, events have been hosted for the public to participate in train-related topics. Each year a two-day Railfest is organized by the museum. The event is free, family friendly and open for rail fans. During the event, train-themed films are projected, free-museum admission is granted, scavenger hunts are organized, tours of the caboose are available and access to miniature train rides are arranged for visitors to enjoy. Each year the activities differ and new activities are organized. There are also fund-raising rallies organized throughout the year. In 2019 the Railfest was on Saturday 13 April. The money collected is used to maintain the collection and to pay the staff working during the week.
References
Hillsborough County listings at National Register of Historic Places
Florida's Office of Cultural and Historical Programs
Hillsborough County listings
Plant City Union Depot
Railway stations on the National Register of Historic Places in Florida
National Register of Historic Places in Hillsborough County, Florida
Union stations in the United States
Atlantic Coast Line Railroad stations
Seaboard Air Line Railroad stations
Transportation buildings and structures in Hillsborough County, Florida
Plant City, Florida |
17327458 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2008%E2%80%9309%20in%20Scottish%20football | 2008–09 in Scottish football | The 2008–09 season was the 112th season of competitive football in Scotland.
Overview
Hamilton Academical competed in the Scottish Premier League for the first time, their first season in the top-flight since the 1988–89 season, after being promoted as First Division champions the previous season.
Gretna were due to play in the First Division after being relegated from the SPL. However, on 29 May 2008, they were demoted to the Third Division due to their failure to guarantee that they would fulfill their fixtures. Gretna resigned from the SFL on 3 June 2008 with the club's administrators warning of the threat of liquidation, creating an opening in the Third Division for a new SFL member. Following Gretna's demise a new club, Gretna 2008 was formed, they were given a place in the East of Scotland League, filling the gap left by Annan Athletic.
Ross County competed in the First Division after being promoted as Second Division champions. Airdrie United were also promoted into the First Division, filling Gretna's space, as they were the losing play-off finalists.
Stirling Albion competed in the Second Division after being relegated from the First Division as the bottom team.
East Fife and Arbroath competed in the Second Division after being promoted as Third Division champions and Second Division play-off winners, respectively. Stranraer were also promoted into the Second Division, filling the empty space following Gretna's relegation, as they were the losing play-off finalists.
Berwick Rangers and Cowdenbeath competed in the Third Division after being relegated from the Second Division as the bottom team and through the Second Division play-offs, respectively.
Annan Athletic competed in the Third Division after being admitted to the SFL. They replaced Gretna, who resigned their league status on 3 June.
St Mirren moved into their new 8,000 seater stadium, New St Mirren Park, on 31 January 2009.
Notable events
2008
3 July – Annan Athletic, formerly of the East of Scotland League were admitted to the SFL, beating Cove Rangers, Edinburgh City, Preston Athletic and Spartans. They replaced Gretna, who resigned their league status on 3 June.
6 July – The first competitive match involving a Scottish team was played by Hibernian in the 2008 Intertoto Cup, they lost 2–0 to Elfsborg.
11 July – Gretna 2008, founded by the supporters of the bankrupt Gretna, join the East of Scotland League First Division.
26 July – Competitive domestic competition got under way with the first fixtures of the 2008–09 Challenge Cup.
2 August – The Scottish Football League begins with the playing of the first fixtures in the First and Second divisions.
8 August – Former SPL members and Scottish Cup finalists Gretna F.C. are formally liquidated by the club's administrators.
9 August – The first matches of the 2008–09 Scottish Premier League take place.
13 November – A consortium led by Berwick Rangers Supporters Club agreed a deal to take over the club. Following a poor run of form, manager Allan McGonigal resigned at the same time saying "I made up my mind that when the current directors left I would move on."
16 November – The 2008–09 Challenge Cup was won by Airdrie United who defeated Ross County 3–2 on penalties following a 2–2 draw after extra time, the winning penalty was scored by Marc Smyth.
4 December – Scotland fail in their attempt to have the match against Norway moved to October 2009, the match was to go ahead on 12 August 2009.
13 December – Celtic drew 1–1 with Heart of Midlothian at Celtic Park which was followed by a reported dressing-room argument between Celtic manager Gordon Strachan and player Aiden McGeady. This led to Strachan banning the player without pay for two weeks, after initially saying he would contest the sanction McGeady accepted the punishment and later returned to the team.
2009
3 January – St Mirren drew 0–0 with Motherwell in their last game at Love Street before they moved to New St Mirren Park.
28 January – Shares in Berwick Rangers were transferred to complete the deal which handed control to a consortium led by Berwick Rangers Supporters Trust.
31 January – St Mirren drew 1–1 with Kilmarnock in their first match at their new stadium.
14 February – The Scottish Premier League agreed to the Scottish Football Association's request to delay the start of the SPL season by a week to give the Scotland national team extra time to prepare for the match against Norway.
25 February – Former First Minister and former East Fife player Henry McLeish was appointed to chair a review of Scottish football.
15 March – Celtic won the 2008–09 League cup beating Rangers 2–0 after extra time in the final thanks to a goal from Darren O'Dea and an Aiden McGeady penalty.
4 April – Stranraer were relegated to the Third Division after being beaten 3–0 by Raith Rovers.
2 May – St Johnstone won promotion to the Scottish Premier League as First Division champions following a 3–1 win over Greenock Morton.
The Second Division title and promotion to the First Division was won by Raith Rovers, following a 1–0 win over Queen's Park at Hampden Park.
Clyde were relegated from the First Division despite beating Dundee 2–0.
9 May – The Third Division title was won by Dumbarton after they beat Annan Athletic 3–1, they therefore gained promotion to the second Division.
17 May – Queen's Park were relegated from the Second Division after a 2–1 aggregate loss to Stenhousemuir in their Second Division play-off Semi-final.
23 May – Falkirk beat Inverness Caledonian Thistle 1–0 to stay in the SPL and relegate Inverness to the First Division on goal difference.
Stenhousemuir won promotion to the Second Division as Second Division play-off winners, they beat Cowdenbeath 5–4 on penalties.
24 May – Rangers are crowned Scottish champions after beating Dundee United 3–0, Celtic drew 0–0 with Heart of Midlothian so Rangers won by 4 points.
Airdrie United are relegated to the Second Division and Ayr United are promoted to the First after Ayr won the First Division play-off Final 3–2 on aggregate.
30 May – Rangers won the 2008–09 Scottish Cup beating Falkirk 1–0 in the final thanks to a goal from substitute Nacho Novo just after half-time.
Transfer deals
Managerial changes
League Competitions
Scottish Premier League
Scottish First Division
Scottish Second Division
Scottish Third Division
Other honours
Cup honours
Non-league honours
Senior
Junior
West Region
East Region
North Region
Individual honours
PFA Scotland awards
Celtic midfielder Scott Brown was named Players' Player of the Year after winning the most votes from his fellow players. He was named on the shortlist along with three other Old Firm players, Celtic defender Gary Caldwell and Rangers midfielder's Steven Davis and Pedro Mendes.
The Young Player of the Year award was awarded to James McCarthy who was named on the shortlist along with; Heart of Midlothian winger Andrew Driver, Hibernian striker Steven Fletcher and fellow Hamilton Academical midfielder James McArthur.
SFWA awards
Scottish clubs in Europe
Summary
Celtic
Rangers
Motherwell
Queen of the South
Hibernian
Scotland national team
Summary
Scotland began the season with a friendly against Northern Ireland. Northern Ireland were denied a victory by substitute goalkeeper Allan McGregor who saved a David Healy penalty after he brought down Warren Feeney inside the area. The draw meant that Scotland had yet to win under George Burley after three matches. The 2010 World Cup qualification campaign began against Macedonia. Scotland faced an early free-kick after Macedonia striker Goran Maznov fell theatrically on the edge of the penalty area as he was challenged by stand-in captain Stephen McManus. Craig Gordon was able to tip the resulting shot onto the post, but Ilčo Naumoski followed up to score five minutes into George Burley's first competitive match. Both teams had opportunities and Scotland were denied what appeared to be a clear penalty after James McFadden was brought down but the referee waved away the appeals and booked the striker for his protests. Scotland recovered from their opening defeat with a 2–1 victory away to Iceland in what was Burley's first win as manager. Kirk Broadfoot scored on his debut and James McFadden scored from a penalty, Iceland got back into the match after captain McManus handled in the box and Eiður Guðjohnsen scored from the resulting penalty. Scotland held out for the win despite having to play the last 13 minutes down to ten men.
Scotland drew 0–0 at home to Norway despite debutant striker Chris Iwelumo being presented with an open goal opportunity from just three yards, with the ball being crossed by Gary Naysmith from the left to the right side of the goal where Iwelumo is standing, he connects with the ball but somehow manages to put the ball wide of the left post. The draw left Scotland top of Group Nine but with just four points from three games, with the Netherlands having played just one. They next played a friendly against Argentina in Diego Maradona's first match as Argentina manager, Maxi Rodríguez scored the winning goal for the Argentines in a 1–0 win.
The Netherlands beat Scotland comfortably with goals from Klaas-Jan Huntelaar, Robin van Persie and Dirk Kuyt, depleted by injuries Burley was forced to field an inexperienced side Ross McCormack making his debut started along with Christophe Berra and Allan McGregor, who were making their first competitive starts. Scotland were denied a chance to get back into the match at 2–0 down when referee Massimo Busacca (who was suspended by his home federation) disallowed a seemingly perfectly good Gary Caldwell goal, minutes later the Netherlands were awarded a penalty from which Kuyt scored. Ross McCormack and Steven Fletcher both scored their first international goals in a 2–1 win over Iceland, McCormack opened the scoring after 39 minutes firing high into the net from an Alan Hutton cross, Indridi Sigurdsson levelled for the visitors after Pálmi Rafn Pálmason hit the post, Scotland though regrouped and after 65 minutes were awarded a debatable corner which McCormack took, the ball was headed into the danger area by McManus and Fletcher headed into the net. Scotland had gained seven points from five matches and occupied second spot in Group nine, three points clear of Iceland, four matches between the other teams and Scotland retained second position having played less matches than all other teams in the group meaning they were in prime position for second place with Holland already guaranteed first, However, only the second placed teams from eight of the nine qualifying groups would go into the play-offs.
Results
Deaths
17 July – George Niven, 79, Rangers and Partick Thistle goalkeeper.
27 July – Bob Crampsey, 78, broadcaster and writer who contributed to sports programming on BBC Scotland, STV and Radio Clyde.
28 August – Bobby Cummings, 72, Aberdeen player.
31 August – Jamie Dolan, 39, Motherwell, Dundee United, Dunfermline Athletic, Livingston, Forfar Athletic and Partick Thistle player.
4 September – Tommy Johnston, 81, Kilmarnock player.
25 September – Jimmy Sirrel, 86, Celtic player.
2 October – John Sjoberg, 67, Leicester City player.
15 October – Eddie Thompson, 67, Dundee United chairman.
25 October – Ian McColl, 81, Rangers defender; Scotland manager.
27 October – Andy Young, 83, Raith Rovers and Celtic player.
3 November – Brooks Mileson, 60, Gretna owner.
4 November – Paddy Buckley, 83, St Johnstone, Aberdeen and Scotland player.
5 November – Ian Anderson, 54, Dundee and St Johnstone player.
27 November – Gil Heron, 87, first black player to play for Celtic.
6 December – John Cumming, 78, Hearts and Scotland player.
26 December – George Miller, 69, Dunfermline, Hearts and Falkirk player; Hamilton and Dunfermline manager.
28 December – Willie Clark, 90, Hibernian and St Johnstone defender.
6 January – Charlie Thomson, 78, Clyde goalkeeper.
7 January – Alfie Conn, Sr., 82, Hearts and Raith Rovers player; Gala Fairydean and Raith Rovers manager. Part of the Terrible Trio forward line.
2 March – Andy Bowman, 74, Hearts, Hamilton Academical and Hawick Royal Albert player.
28 March – Hughie Kelly, 85, Blackpool and Scotland player.
22 April – Billy Smith, 78, Aberdeen defender.
3 May – Bobby Campbell, 86, Falkirk and Scotland player; Dumbarton manager.
25 May – Billy Baxter, 70, Scottish defender who mostly played for Ipswich Town.
7 June – Willie Kilmarnock, 87, Motherwell and Airdrie player.
7 June – Gordon Lennon, 26, Stenhousemuir, Albion Rovers and Dumbarton player.
Notes and references
Seasons in Scottish football |
6900866 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valley%20of%20the%20Seven%20Castles | Valley of the Seven Castles | The Valley of the Seven Castles () is an informal name given to the Äischdall, the valley of the Eisch river, in central Luxembourg. The valley stretches from the confluence with the Alzette upstream to Steinfort, on the border with Belgium. The entire route can be traversed in about an hour by car, starting near the town of Arlon on the Belgian/Luxembourg border. There is also a 37-kilometre footpath that takes hikers along the valley and past the castles.
It is named after the group of seven castles that line its route. Those seven castles are (in order, heading upstream):
Mersch
Schoenfels
Hollenfels
Ansembourg Castle
New Castle of Ansembourg
Septfontaines
Koerich Castle
Landforms of Luxembourg
Capellen (canton)
Mersch (canton)
Valleys of Europe |
20464442 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2009%20Portuguese%20legislative%20election | 2009 Portuguese legislative election | The 2009 Portuguese legislative election was held on 27 September, to renew all 230 members of the Assembly of the Republic. The Socialist Party, led by incumbent Prime Minister José Sócrates, won the largest number of seats, but didn't repeat the overall majority they gained in 2005.
The Socialist Party of Prime Minister José Sócrates came in first despite losing 9% of the vote and 24 seats.
In these elections there were approximately 9.5 million Portuguese at home and abroad called to determine the 230 seats in the Assembleia da República and 18th constitutional government in Portugal after 1976. The Socialists won the election with a clear lead over the conservative Social Democrats, with big gains for the People's Party and for the Left Bloc.
The election took place during the regular end of the previous four-year legislative period. From 2005 to 2009 ruled by the Socialist Party (PS), led by José Sócrates, with an absolute majority. The opinion polls at the beginning of the official election campaign on 12 September 2009, showed a too close to call race between the Socialists and the conservative Social Democrats, but just days before the election the Socialists increased their lead over the Social Democrats. A total of 13 parties and two coalitions competed in this election.
Focus of the campaign was the impact of global economic, the financial crisis and the construction of new infrastructure projects, including the high-speed rail link Lisbon-Madrid and Lisbon-Porto-Vigo, and the new Lisbon airport.
Neither of the two major parties won an absolute majority in the Assembly of the Republic, so, the future prime minister had to form a coalition, or at least rely on other parties to govern. In that case, José Sócrates was in a better position than Manuela Ferreira Leite, since the Portuguese left won by 54.23% of the vote and 128 seats, against 39.54% and 102 deputies to the right.
On 12 October, José Sócrates was invited by President Aníbal Cavaco Silva to form government. The new cabinet was announced on 22 October and sworn in on 26 October.
Voter turnout was one of the lowest in Portuguese election history, as 59.7% of the electorate cast a ballot.
Background
In the February 2005 early elections, the Socialists, under the leadership of José Sócrates, won 45% of the votes and 121 MPs, the 1st time the Socialists won a majority and the 1st time a single party won a majority since Cavaco Silva's PSD victory in 1991. The PSD suffered a heavy defeat, achieving their worst results since 1983, and faced with this failure, the then PSD leader and outgoing Prime Minister, Pedro Santana Lopes, resigned from the leadership and called an election for party chair.
During the first months in his government, Sócrates raised taxes to cut the deficit and initiated a policy of strict budgetary rigor. At the same time, he faced a very harsh summer with Wildfires across the country. That same October, the Socialists suffered a heavy defeat in the 2005 local elections, winning just 108 cities, a drop of 4, against the PSD's 158 mayoral holds. The PS was also unable to retake control of Lisbon and Porto. In January 2006, a new president was elected. Aníbal Cavaco Silva, PM between 1985 and 1995, became the first center-right candidate to win a presidential election, although only just. The PS candidate, former PM and President Mário Soares polled a disappointing third place with just 14% of the votes. In 2007, a referendum for the legalization of abortion was held. After the failure of the 1998 referendum, the Yes side prevailed winning 59% of the votes against the No's 41%, making abortion legal in Portugal.
While the deficit reduction had been successful, and with the economy growing above 2% of GDP, the government faced heavy opposition for its policies, particularly from teachers unions. In March 2008, more than 100,000 teachers protested in Lisbon against Sócrates and his Education minister, Maria de Lurdes Rodrigues.
Entering 2009, Portugal was strongly hit by the effects of the financial crisis that was shaking the global economy, and, therefore, the country entered in a recession. As a result, the government adopted stimulus measures that worsened the public finances and increased the deficit and the debt. In the European elections of June 7, 2009, the PSD stunned pundits by winning a European election for the first time since 1989, with 31.7% of the votes. The Socialists suffered a huge defeat, winning just 26% of the votes, a drop of 18%.
Leadership changes
PSD 2005 leadership election
In the party's congress in April 2005, Luís Marques Mendes became party leader winning 56% of the delegates, against the 44% of his rival, Luís Filipe Menezes. The results were the following:
|- style="background-color:#E9E9E9"
! align="center" colspan=2 style="width: 60px"|Candidate
! align="center" style="width: 50px"|Votes
! align="center" style="width: 50px"|%
|-
|bgcolor=orange|
| align=left | Luís Marques Mendes
| align=right | 497
| align=right | 56.6
|-
|bgcolor=orange|
| align=left | Luís Filipe Menezes
| align=right | 381
| align=right | 43.4
|-
|- style="background-color:#E9E9E9"
| colspan=2 style="text-align:left;" | Turnout
| align=right | 878
| align=center |
|-
| colspan="4" align=left|Source:
|}
CDS–PP 2005 leadership election
CDS–PP leader Paulo Portas, resigned from the leadership following the disappointing result of the party in the 2005 elections saying that "in no civilized country in the world, the difference between Trotskyists and Christian Democrats is one percent", referring to the result of the BE. A snap leadership congress was called to elect a new leader. Two candidates were in the ballot: Telmo Correia, the preferred candidate of Paulo Portas, and José Ribeiro e Castro, more critical of Portas. Ribeiro e Castro was easily elected and the results were the following:
|- style="background-color:#E9E9E9"
! align="center" colspan=2 style="width: 60px"|Candidate
! align="center" style="width: 50px"|Votes
! align="center" style="width: 50px"|%
|-
|bgcolor=|
| align=left | José Ribeiro e Castro
| align=right | 492
| align=right | 56.0
|-
|bgcolor=|
| align=left | Telmo Correia
| align=right | 387
| align=right | 44.0
|-
|- style="background-color:#E9E9E9"
| colspan=2 style="text-align:left;" | Turnout
| align=right | 879
| align=center |
|-
| colspan="4" align=left|Source:
|}
CDS–PP 2007 leadership election
In April 2007, former CDS–PP leader Paulo Portas challenged the then party leader, José Ribeiro e Castro, for the leadership and was elected for his former job by a landslide. The results were the following:
|- style="background-color:#E9E9E9"
! align="center" colspan=2 style="width: 60px"|Candidate
! align="center" style="width: 50px"|Votes
! align="center" style="width: 50px"|%
|-
|bgcolor=|
| align=left | Paulo Portas
| align=right | 5,642
| align=right | 74.6
|-
|bgcolor=|
| align=left | José Ribeiro e Castro
| align=right | 1,883
| align=right | 24.9
|-
| colspan=2 align=left | Blank/Invalid ballots
| align=right | 38
| align=right | 0.5
|-
|- style="background-color:#E9E9E9"
| colspan=2 style="text-align:left;" | Turnout
| align=right | 7,563
| align=center |
|-
| colspan="4" align=left|Source:
|}
PSD 2007 leadership election
In the Social Democratic Party, incumbent leader Luís Marques Mendes was being very criticized for his opposition strategy and was left weakened after the PSD disappointing result in the 2007 Lisbon mayoral by-election, where the PSD polled 3rd with less than 16% of the votes. Marques Mendes called a snap leadership election and was challenged by his rival in the 2005 PSD congress, Luís Filipe Menezes. Menezes easily defeated Marques Mendes. The results were the following:
|- style="background-color:#E9E9E9"
! align="center" colspan=2 style="width: 60px"|Candidate
! align="center" style="width: 50px"|Votes
! align="center" style="width: 50px"|%
|-
|bgcolor=orange|
| align=left | Luís Filipe Menezes
| align=right | 21,101
| align=right | 53.6
|-
|bgcolor=orange|
| align=left | Luís Marques Mendes
| align=right | 16,973
| align=right | 43.1
|-
| colspan=2 align=left | Blank/Invalid ballots
| align=right | 1,279
| align=right | 3.3
|-
|- style="background-color:#E9E9E9"
| colspan=2 style="text-align:left;" | Turnout
| align=right | 39,353
| align=right | 62.42
|-
| colspan="4" align=left|Source:
|}
PSD 2008 leadership election
The then PSD leader, Luís Filipe Menezes, elected in September 2007, resigned after just 6 months in the job. In the following leadership elections, held in May 2008, Manuela Ferreira Leite became the first woman to lead a major party in Portugal, winning 38% of the votes, against the 31% of Pedro Passos Coelho and the 30% of Pedro Santana Lopes. The results were the following:
|- style="background-color:#E9E9E9"
! align="center" colspan=2 style="width: 60px"|Candidate
! align="center" style="width: 50px"|Votes
! align="center" style="width: 50px"|%
|-
|bgcolor=orange|
| align=left | Manuela Ferreira Leite
| align=right | 17,278
| align=right | 37.9
|-
|bgcolor=orange|
| align=left | Pedro Passos Coelho
| align=right | 14,160
| align=right | 31.1
|-
|bgcolor=orange|
| align=left | Pedro Santana Lopes
| align=right | 13,495
| align=right | 29.6
|-
|bgcolor=orange|
| align=left | Patinha Antão
| align=right | 308
| align=right | 0.7
|-
| colspan=2 align=left | Blank/Invalid ballots
| align=right | 351
| align=right | 0.8
|-
|- style="background-color:#E9E9E9"
| colspan=2 style="text-align:left;" | Turnout
| align=right| 45,592
| align=right | 59.13
|-
| colspan="4" align=left|Source:
|}
Electoral system
The Assembly of the Republic has 230 members elected to four-year terms. Governments do not require absolute majority support of the Assembly to hold office, as even if the number of opposers of government is larger than that of the supporters, the number of opposers still needs to be equal or greater than 116 (absolute majority) for both the Government's Programme to be rejected or for a motion of no confidence to be approved.
The number of seats assigned to each district depends on the district magnitude. The use of the d'Hondt method makes for a higher effective threshold than certain other allocation methods such as the Hare quota or Sainte-Laguë method, which are more generous to small parties.
For these elections, and compared with the 2005 elections, the MPs distributed by districts were the following:
Parties
The table below lists the parties represented in the Assembly of the Republic during the 10th legislature (2005–2009) and that also partook in the election:
Campaign period
Party slogans
Candidates' debates
Opinion polling
Results
National summary
|-
| colspan=11|
|-
! rowspan="2" colspan=2 style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:left;" alignleft|Parties
! rowspan="2" style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:right;" |Votes
! rowspan="2" style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:right;" |%
! rowspan="2" style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:right;" |±pp swing
! colspan="5" style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:center;" |MPs
! rowspan="2" style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:right;" |MPs %/votes %
|- style="background-color:#E9E9E9"
! style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:center;" |2005
! style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:center;" |2009
! style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:right;" |±
! style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:right;" |%
! style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:right;" |±
|-
|
|2,077,238||36.56||8.4||121||97||24||42.17||10.4||1.15
|-
|
|1,653,665||29.11||0.3||71||81||10||35.22||4.3||1.21
|-
|
|592,778||10.43||3.1||12||21||9||9.13||3.9||0.88
|-
|
|557,306||9.81||3.4||8||16||8||6.96||3.5||0.71
|-
|
|446,279||7.86||0.3||14||15||1||6.52||0.4||0.83
|-
|
|52,761||0.93||0.1||0||0||0||0.00||0.0||0.0
|-
|
|25,949||0.46||||||0||||0.00||||0.0
|-
|
|21,876||0.38||0.3||0||0||0||0.00||0.0||0.0
|-
|
|16,924||0.30||||||0||||0.00||||0.0
|-
|
|15,262||0.27||||2||0||2||0.00||0.9||0.0
|-
| style="width:10px;background-color:#013220;text-align:center;" |
| style="text-align:left;" |Ecology and Humanism Front
|12,405||0.22||||||0||||0.00||||0.0
|-
|
|11,503||0.20||0.0||0||0||0||0.00||0.0||0.0
|-
| style="width:10px;background-color:#000080;text-align:center;" |
| style="text-align:left;" |Portugal Pro-Life
|8,461||0.15||||||0||||0.00||||0.0
|-
|style="width: 10px" bgcolor=#CC0033 align="center" |
|align=left|Labour
|4,974||0.09||||||0||||0.00||||0.0
|-
|
|4,632||0.08||0.0||0||0||0||0.00||0.0||0.0
|-
|
|3,265||0.06||||2||0||2||0.00||0.9||0.0
|-
|colspan=2 style="text-align:left;background-color:#E9E9E9"|Total valid
|width="65" style="text-align:right;background-color:#E9E9E9"|5,505,278
|width="40" style="text-align:right;background-color:#E9E9E9"|96.91
|width="40" style="text-align:right;background-color:#E9E9E9"|0.2
|width="40" style="text-align:right;background-color:#E9E9E9"|230
|width="40" style="text-align:right;background-color:#E9E9E9"|230
|width="40" style="text-align:right;background-color:#E9E9E9"|0
|width="40" style="text-align:right;background-color:#E9E9E9"|100.00
|width="40" style="text-align:right;background-color:#E9E9E9"|0.0
|width="40" style="text-align:right;background-color:#E9E9E9"|—
|-
|colspan=2|Blank ballots
|99,086||1.74||0.1||colspan=6 rowspan=4|
|-
|colspan=2|Invalid ballots
|76,894||1.35||0.2
|-
|colspan=2 style="text-align:left;background-color:#E9E9E9"|Total
|width="65" style="text-align:right;background-color:#E9E9E9"|5,681,258
|width="40" style="text-align:right;background-color:#E9E9E9"|100.00
|width="40" style="text-align:right;background-color:#E9E9E9"|
|-
|colspan=2|Registered voters/turnout
||9,519,921||59.68||4.6
|-
| colspan=11 style="text-align:left;" | Source: Comissão Nacional de Eleições
Distribution by constituency
|- class="unsortable"
!rowspan=2|Constituency!!%!!S!!%!!S!!%!!S!!%!!S!!%!!S
!rowspan=2|TotalS
|- class="unsortable" style="text-align:center;"
!colspan=2 | PS
!colspan=2 | PSD
!colspan=2 | CDS–PP
!colspan=2 | BE
!colspan=2 | CDU
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | Azores
| style="background:; color:white;"|39.7
| 3
| 35.7
| 2
| 10.3
| -
| 7.3
| -
| 2.2
| -
| 5
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | Aveiro
| 33.8
| 6
| style="background:; color:white;"|34.6
| 7
| 13.0
| 2
| 9.0
| 1
| 3.8
| -
| 16
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | Beja
| style="background:; color:white;"|34.9
| 2
| 14.6
| -
| 5.7
| -
| 10.0
| -
| 29.1
| 1
| 3
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | Braga
| style="background:; color:white;"|41.7
| 9
| 30.8
| 6
| 9.7
| 2
| 7.8
| 1
| 4.6
| 1
| 19
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | Bragança
| 33.0
| 1
| style="background:; color:white;"|40.6
| 2
| 12.6
| -
| 6.2
| -
| 2.4
| -
| 3
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | Castelo Branco
| style="background:; color:white;"|41.0
| 2
| 29.8
| 2
| 8.4
| -
| 9.1
| -
| 5.1
| -
| 4
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | Coimbra
| style="background:; color:white;"|38.0
| 4
| 30.6
| 4
| 8.8
| 1
| 10.8
| 1
| 5.7
| -
| 10
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | Évora
| style="background:; color:white;"|35.0
| 1
| 19.0
| 1
| 6.4
| -
| 11.1
| -
| 22.3
| 1
| 3
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | Faro
| style="background:; color:white;"|31.9
| 3
| 26.2
| 3
| 10.7
| 1
| 15.3
| 1
| 7.8
| -
| 8
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | Guarda
| style="background:; color:white;"|36.0
| 2
| 35.6
| 2
| 11.2
| -
| 7.6
| -
| 3.3
| -
| 4
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | Leiria
| 30.1
| 4
| style="background:; color:white;"|34.9
| 4
| 12.6
| 1
| 9.5
| 1
| 5.1
| -
| 10
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | Lisbon
| style="background:; color:white;"|36.4
| 19
| 25.1
| 13
| 11.0
| 5
| 10.8
| 5
| 9.9
| 5
| 47
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | Madeira
| 19.4
| 1
| style="background:; color:white;"|48.1
| 4
| 11.1
| 1
| 6.2
| -
| 4.2
| -
| 6
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | Portalegre
| style="background:; color:white;"|38.3
| 1
| 23.8
| 1
| 8.0
| -
| 10.8
| -
| 12.9
| -
| 2
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | Porto
| style="background:; color:white;"|41.8
| 18
| 29.2
| 12
| 9.3
| 4
| 9.2
| 3
| 5.7
| 2
| 39
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | Santarém
| style="background:; color:white;"|33.7
| 4
| 27.0
| 3
| 11.2
| 1
| 11.8
| 1
| 9.2
| 1
| 10
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | Setúbal
| style="background:; color:white;"|34.0
| 7
| 16.4
| 3
| 9.1
| 1
| 14.0
| 2
| 20.1
| 4
| 17
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | Viana do Castelo
| style="background:; color:white;"|36.3
| 3
| 31.3
| 2
| 13.6
| 1
| 8.6
| -
| 4.2
| -
| 6
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | Vila Real
| 36.1
| 2
| style="background:; color:white;"|41.1
| 3
| 10.1
| -
| 5.5
| -
| 2.9
| -
| 5
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | Viseu
| 34.7
| 4
| style="background:; color:white;"|37.5
| 4
| 13.4
| 1
| 6.5
| -
| 2.9
| -
| 9
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | Europe
| style="background:; color:white;"|43.3
| 1
| 23.8
| 1
| 4.7
| -
| 4.7
| -
| 4.4
| -
| 2
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | Outside Europe
| 22.0
| -
| style="background:; color:white;"|54.5
| 2
| 3.2
| -
| 2.0
| -
| 1.0
| -
| 2
|-
|- class="unsortable" style="background:#E9E9E9"
| style="text-align:left;" | Total
| style="background:; color:white;"|36.6
| 97
| 29.1
| 81
| 10.4
| 21
| 9.8
| 16
| 7.9
| 15
| 230
|-
| colspan=12 style="text-align:left;" | Source: Comissão Nacional de Eleições
Maps
Notes
References
External links
Preliminary results of the 2009 election
Portuguese Electoral Commission
See also
Politics of Portugal
List of political parties in Portugal
Elections in Portugal
2009 elections in Portugal
2009 legislative
September 2009 events in Europe |
17327466 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czechs%20in%20the%20United%20Kingdom | Czechs in the United Kingdom | Czechs in the United Kingdom refers to the phenomenon of Czech people migrating to the United Kingdom from the Czech Republic or from the political entities that preceded it, such as Czechoslovakia. There are some people in the UK who were either born in the Czech lands or have Czech ancestry, some of whom descended from Jewish refugees (e.g. Kindertransport) who arrived during World War II.
Population
The 2001 UK Census recorded 12,220 Czech-born people resident in the UK. With the accession of the Czech Republic to the European Union in May 2004, Czechs gained the right to live and work elsewhere in the EU, and large numbers moved to the UK for work, although there has been substantial return migration. The Office for National Statistics estimates that 45,000 Czech-born immigrants were resident in the UK in 2013. The 2011 UK Census recorded 34,615 Czech-born residents in England, 1,256 in Wales, 2,245 in Scotland, and 662 in Northern Ireland. The figure for Scotland includes people who specified that they were born in Czechoslovakia, but the figures for England, Wales and Northern Ireland do not. 1,279 people in England, 39 in Wales and 16 in Northern Ireland are recorded as having been born in Czechoslovakia without specifying the Czech Republic or Slovakia.
Notable people with Czech ancestry
Milan Baroš, footballer
Roman Bednář, footballer
Patrik Berger, footballer
Georgina Bouzova, actress
Alf Dubs, Baron Dubs, politician
Petr Čech, footballer
Josef Franc, motorcycle speedway rider
Vera Fusek, actress
Eva Hayman, Holocaust survivor, diarist and nurse
Anna Hájková, historian
Eva Jiřičná, architect
Jan Kaplický, architect
Jan Kavan, diplomat and politician
Čeněk Kottnauer, chess master
Karel Kuttelwascher, fighter pilot
Sir Frank William Lampl, Life President of Bovis Lend Lease
Miroslav Liskutin, fighter pilot WW2
Herbert Lom, actor
Dan Luger, English rugby union player
Ivan Margolius, author, architect and propagator of Czech culture and technology
Jan Pinkava, animator, film director
Hana Maria Pravda, actress
Dominic Raab, politician
Karel Reisz, film director
Tom Stoppard, screenwriter, playwright
See also
Demographics of the Czech Republic
Czech people
White Other
Czech Republic–United Kingdom relations
Czech Americans
References
External links
www.pohyby.co.uk - Czech and Slovak community portal in the UK - more than 24000 members
Czech and Slovak Club in London
British Czech and Slovak Association
Czech Centre London
Czech Radio London
United Kingdom
United Kingdom
Immigration to the United Kingdom by country of origin
Czech Republic–United Kingdom relations |
17327479 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VT-27 | VT-27 | VT-27 is a primary training squadron of the United States Navy. One of just five Navy primary training squadrons, VT-27 is one of two located on the Texas Coastal Bend.
History
Trainin Squadron 27 was initially established on July 11, 1951 as Advanced Training Unit-B at Naval Air Station, Corpus Christi. The command moved to Naval Air Station, Kingsville in 1952 and again to Naval Air Station, New Iberia, Louisiana in 1960. It was there the squadron was redesignated VT-27 in July of that year and about that time that the Grumman S2F-1T Tracker was put into service as a multi-engine trainer. In September 1962 the 1962 United States Tri-Service aircraft designation system changed the Tracker's designation to TS-2A. In July 1964, the "Boomers" were returned to Naval Air Station, Corpus Christi where they continue to be an important part of the community.
In 1973, the squadron began a transition to the role of a primary training squadron with the arrival on 1 August of the first T-28B Trojan. By 1 October 1973, the last Grumman TS-2A Tracker had departed, signifying the end of the advanced training role and the completion of the transition to primary training. In August 1983, the squadron took delivery of the first T-34C Turbo Mentor aircraft. From March 1984, when the last T-28B ever used for naval flight training departed, to June 2013, the T-34C was the mainstay of the Navy and Marine Corps primary flight training program. In June 2013 VT-27 transitioned from T-34C to the T-6B Texan II. The "Boomers" average well over 11,000 training missions a year, and more than 70 sorties per training day.
Squadron aircraft
S2F-1T / TS-2A Tracker
T-28B Trojan
T-34C Turbo Mentor
T-6B Texan II
Squadron bases
Naval Air Station Corpus Christi, Texas
Naval Air Station Kingsville, Texas
Naval Air Station New Iberia, Louisiana
Training wing
Training Air Wing Four, Corpus Christi, Texas
See also
History of the United States Navy
List of United States Navy aircraft squadrons
List of inactive United States Navy aircraft squadrons
References
VT-27 U.S. Navy website
Training squadrons of the United States Navy |
20464485 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Best%20Of%20%28Sash%21%20album%29 | The Best Of (Sash! album) | The Best Of is a greatest hits album by German DJ Sash!. It was released by Hard2Beat on 20 October 2008. It's a double album, including all of Sash!'s celebrated hits (on the first disc) and 12 remixes from four different songs (on the second disc).
Track listing
Disc one
Encore Une Fois (Blunt Radio Edit) featuring Sabine Ohmes from It's My Life – The Album
Ecuador featuring Adrian Rodriguez from It's My Life – The Album
Stay featuring La Trec from It's My Life – The Album
La Primavera featuring Patrizia Salvatore from Life Goes On
Mysterious Times featuring Tina Cousins* from Life Goes On
Move Mania featuring Shannon from Life Goes On
Colour the World featuring Dr. Alban & Inka Auhagen from Life Goes On
Adelante featuring Adrian Rodriguez and Peter Faulhammer from Trilenium
Just Around the Hill (Dance Radio Edit) featuring Tina Cousins* from Trilenium
With My Own Eyes featuring Inka Auhagen from Trilenium
Ganbareh featuring Mikio from S4!Sash!
Run featuring Boy George from S4!Sash!
I Believe featuring TJ Davis from S4!Sash!
It's My Life (The Very First Single) from It's My Life – The Album
Raindrops (Encore Une Fois) (Kindervater Edit) featuring Stunt
Raindrops (Encore Une Fois) (Fonzerelli Re-Work) featuring Stunt
Just Around the Hill featuring Tina Cousins from Trilenium
Disc two
Ecuador (Javi Mula & Joan Reyes Remix)
Ecuador (Will Bailey & Calvertron Remix)
Ecuador (Bad Behaviour Remix)
Stay (Cedric Gervais Vocal Remix)
Stay (Fonzerelli Re-Work)
Stay (Bass Slammers Remix)
La Primavera (Static Shokx Remix)
La Primavera (Twocker's Popcorn Remix)
La Primavera (3Style Remix)
Mysterious Times (7th Heaven Remix)
Mysterious Times (Spencer & Hill Remix)
Mysterious Times (Sound Selektaz Club Mix)
This is a slightly different edit of the song.
Personnel
SASH! – producer
Tokapi – producer
Written by: Ralf Kappmeier, Thomas Alisson, Sascha Lappessen
Features/Vocals by: Sabine Ohmes, Rodriguez, La Trec, Patrizia, Tina Cousins, Shannon, Dr. Alban, Inka, Peter Faulhammer, Boy George, T.J. Davis, Sarah Brightman, Stunt
Remixes by: Kindevater, Fonzerelli, Javi Mula, Joan Reyes, Will Bailey, Calvertron, Bad Behaviour, Cedric Gervais, Bass Clammers, Static Shokx, Twocker, 3 Style, 7th Heaven, Spencer & Hill, Sound Selekataz
Chart performance
The album reached No. 39 in the top 40 of the UK Albums chart in 2008.
300,000 copies sold in less than three months in the UK and achieved platinum status.
Notes
There is also an Extended Edition of the album, containing extended versions of the first 13 tracks of the first disc. This edition was only available from the iTunes Store.
References
Sash! compilation albums
2008 greatest hits albums
Dance Nation (record label) compilation albums |
6900871 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans%20Hilfiker | Hans Hilfiker | Hans Hilfiker (15 September 1901 – 2 March 1993) was a Swiss engineer and designer. In 1944, working for the Swiss Federal Railways, he designed the Swiss railway clock, which became an international icon. The SBB clock was not the only contribution by Hilfiker to modern living. He developed the concept of the fitted kitchen and was responsible for the standard Swiss dimensions for kitchen components (55/60/90 cm).
Early life
Hilfiker was born in Zurich, Switzerland on 15 September 1901. After attending primary and secondary school, Hilfiker completed an apprenticeship as a precision mechanic. He studied electrical and telecommunications engineering at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich and gained a diploma.
Career
Siemens
Hilfiker began working for Albiswerk Zürich, a Siemens production plant in 1925. He was transferred to Argentina in 1926 and became technical advisor to the telecommunications troops of the Argentine Army until 1928. His tasks included building workshops and mobile telephone exchanges, while also training telecommunications non-commissioned officers. As a senior engineer, he was involved in the construction of the Buenos Aires - Rosario telephone line through the Paraná River in 1929. He planned a submarine cable running through the Río de la Plata to connect the Argentine and Uruguayan capitals in 1930. The same year, Hilfiker was transferred to Berlin and trained for the role of operating a Siemens subsidiary in Argentina. The plan however did not materialize and Hilfiker returned to Switzerland in 1931.
Swiss Federal Railways
Hilfiker joined the Swiss Federal Railways (SBB) as an engineer in construction department III in 1932. In his first year, he developed the first iteration of the later iconic Swiss railway clock. The version which was first displayed at the Bahnhofplatz (plaza) adjacent of Zürich Hauptbahnhof (Zürich Central Station) lacked the 'minute' and 'second' hands. Hilfiker would improve upon the design with the addition of a 'minute' hand in 1943. The following year, the SBB replaced all its clocks across the country in an effort to have a consistent clock face, which were all synchronized by a master clock linked to the telephone network. Hilfiker became deputy head of the construction department and head of the fixed electrical systems services. Among other things, he also designed a gantry crane to load heavy goods from the road onto the rail, the platform roof for Winterthur Grüze station, and a timetable projector for the Zurich station.
In 1955, Hilfiker launched the final iteration of the Swiss railway clock, which had been in development since 1952. A 'second' hand resembling a red signalling disk was added, which would pause slightly at the twelve o'clock mark, before jumping forward with the minute hand (see illustration). It became an international icon.
Therma AG
Between 1958 and 1968, Hilfike was a director of Therma AG located in Schwanden of the canton of Glarus. He developed a completely new kitchen range for Therma that consisted of modules that could be combined with one another. Until then, Therma had been producing standalone devices. With these system kitchens, he laid the foundation for the Swiss kitchen standard SINK (Swiss Industrial Commission for the Standardization of Kitchens), which deviated from the European one (width 55 instead of 60 cm). A prototype based on this standard was shown at the EXPO 1964 in Lausanne. Hilfiker created an actual corporate design for Therma and restructured the manufacturing processes for the new fitted kitchens.
Death and legacy
Hilfiker died in Locarno, Switzerland on 2 March 1993. The final iteration of his clock remains in use today and is a protected trademark of the SBB.
References
Works cited
External links
Hilfiker family website (partial)
1901 births
1993 deaths
Swiss designers |
20464491 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1920%20Horncastle%20by-election | 1920 Horncastle by-election | The 1920 Horncastle by-election was a parliamentary by-election held for the British House of Commons constituency of Horncastle in Lincolnshire on 25 February 1920. The seat had become vacant when the sitting Coalition Unionist Member of Parliament, William Weigall, who had held the seat since 1911, resigned upon being appointed Governor of South Australia.
Candidates
The Unionists, as representatives of the Liberal-Conservative Coalition government of David Lloyd George had as their candidate, Stafford Hotchkin (1876-1953), a farmer, former soldier, Sheriff of Rutland and a local Justice of the Peace. The Liberals were represented by Samuel Pattinson (1870-1942), a local businessman and sometime Alderman of Lincolnshire County Council. William Holmes stood for the Labour Party.
The "Coupon" revisited
Hotchkin quickly received the endorsement of both the prime minister and the leader of the Conservative Party, Bonar Law. In his letter to Hotchkin, Lloyd George emphasised the need to resuscitate and develop British agriculture in which task he said Hotchkin as a ‘practical farmer’ would be able to help the government. Bonar-Law stressed the continuing need for parties to work together in the national interest in difficult times. In effect Hotchkin was receiving the equivalent of the government ‘coupon’ which had been issued at the 1918 general election.
Issues
Agriculture
Agriculture dominated the election in this rural constituency. Labour had hopes of picking up the votes of the agricultural workers who were members of the National Union of Agricultural Workers, but William Holmes was reported as alienating potential supporters by making speeches about revolution and bloodshed. It was expected that the Liberals would gain land workers’ votes put off by the apparent extremism of Holmes’ electioneering. While the Coalition government was losing popularity across the country, it was reported that Hotchkin was a strong local candidate who knew about farming from a practical point of view. In the post-war environment, the availability and price of food and of animal feed were also issues. All the candidates strongly supported the encouragement and development of small holdings. Hotchkin was a sometime Chairman of the Lindsey Small Holdings Committee
Government influence
A related concern was government influence over private life and business, through over-regulation and bureaucracy, as well as examples of waste and extravagance from an administration in far away London. This theme was taken up by the Liberal, who also attacked Labour for their plans for nationalisation.
Result
The declaration of the poll did not take place until 9 March 1920 because of the government’s continuing to keep in force a wartime regulation delaying the announcement of election results. By this time news of H H Asquith's by-election win in Paisley had become known and this encouraged the Liberals to hope for a good result at Horncastle. In the event, however, the seat was held for the Coalition by Hotchkin with a majority of 1,413 over Pattinson, with Labour in third place. Turnout was 77.1% as opposed to 68.2% at the previous general election, which had been a straight fight between Unionist Coalitionist and Liberal candidates.
Candidates’ reaction
All three candidates were able to draw a positive conclusion from the result. Hotchkin was clearly gratified to have won and credited his success to a combination of popular satisfaction with the Coalition government and his status as a local man. Pattinson blamed his lack of success on the intervention of a Labour candidate, splitting the anti-coalition vote and presumably hoping Labour’s third place would discourage them from standing a candidate at future elections. Holmes said he had done well, coming late into the contest a perfect stranger to the constituency and was pleased to have established a solid Labour movement there.
Hotchkin took his seat in the House of Commons on Friday 12 March 1920. He served as MP for Horncastle until 1922 when Pattison won the seat at that year’s general election.
Aftermath
The intervention of the Labour party was not viewed as a success as they chose not to contest the seat at the 1922 general election. At this election, the new Unionist MP retired and Pattinson gained the seat for the Liberals. Labour avoided running a candidate again until 1929 when their candidate took enough votes off the Liberals to allow the Unionists to win again.
References
1920 elections in the United Kingdom
1920 in England
By-elections to the Parliament of the United Kingdom in Lincolnshire constituencies |
17327485 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castle%20of%20Leiria | Castle of Leiria | The Castle of Leiria () is a medieval castle in the civil parish of Leiria, Pousos, Barreira e Cortes, municipality of Leiria, district of Leiria.
History
The castle of Leiria was built by D. Afonso Henriques for the purpose of creating a line of defense against the Arabs. In 1142 he reinforced the defense of the castle after regaining Leiria. D. Sancho I ordered erection of the walls of the castle in 1195. In 1324 D. Dinis ordered construction of the keep (Tower of Menagem) which was completed only during the reign of D. Afonso IV. In the early 16th century D. Manuel ordered a sacristy to be built between the main chapel and the bell tower.
Throughout the centuries the castle gradually lost its military value. It was badly damaged during the French invasion. At the end of the 19th century restoration of the castle started in 1915 by the initiative of Liga dos Amigos do Castelo. The restoration project was directed by Ernesto Korrodi between 1921 and 1933, and then by Baltazar de Vastro.
The castle hosted important events as the meetings of the first courts called by D. Afonso III; became the residence of D. Denis and Queen Elizabeth; transformed into a meeting venue for the new court in the reign of D. Ferdinand I and the marriage of D. João I's son D. Afonso was celebrated in this castle as well.
It has been listed as a National monument since 1910.
The castle was damaged by the 1969 earthquake.
Architecture
The present configuration of the castle of Leiria was influenced by the 4 major construction periods: the 12th century's Romanesque, the 14th century's Gothic Dionysus, the early 15th century's Gothic Johannine and the restoration trends of late 19th and early 20th century.
The shape of the castle is irregular polygonal with solid walls and towers. Paços Reais (Royal Palace), the Church of Nossa Senhora da Pena, Menagem Tower, the former Collegiate space, and medieval barns are located inside the complex. The castle has 4 floors; the lower two floors are hardly seen from outside and are intended for domestic services. There is a large loggia with eight arches of twin capitals. The loggia has the panorama over the city and was used as a place for leisure and socializing. The loggia is accessed through a room called Royal Hall or Noble Hall which has a total area of 130 square meters used for receptions by monarchs.
Stonemasonry, brick and concrete were used in the construction.
Gallery
See also
Castles in Portugal
Castle of Alcobaça
Castle of Alfeizerão
References
External links
Leiria Castle (Municipality of Leiria)
Leiria
Leiria
Buildings and structures in Leiria
National monuments in Leiria District |
6900877 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lockman%20Foundation | Lockman Foundation | The Lockman Foundation is a nonprofit, interdenominational Christian ministry dedicated to the translation, publication, and distribution of Bibles and other biblical resources in English and other languages.
The foundation's core products are the New American Standard Bible and the Amplified Bible, both evolving from the 1901 American Standard Version. By 2009, the foundation had distributed about 25 million Bibles.
The foundation was established in 1942 by F. Dewey Lockman (1898–1974) and his wife Minna Lockman when they donated part of their citrus ranch in La Habra, California.
Dewey Lockman led the foundation until his death, followed by Samuel Sutherland (1974–1979), and Robert Lambeth (1979–2017). Robert Lambeth was a donor to all six seminaries of the Southern Baptist Convention.
The foundation reported assets of $13 million and employment of 12 staff for 2020. Pike Lambeth has served full time as executive vice-president since at least 2009.
The declared purpose of the foundation is “to foster and promote the Holy Bible as the inspired and inerrant word of God through Christian, charitable, and educational activities.” Its doctrinal statement, established early in the foundation's history, is closely aligned with fundamentalism.
In common with most Bible translation projects, the foundation organized teams of scholars and pastors for the task. The Amplified translation of the Gospel of John was published first, in 1958, and the full text in 1965 (AMP). The New American Standard translation of the Gospel of John was published in 1963 and the complete Bible in 1971 (NASB). Substantial revisions to the Amplified version were issued in 1987 and 2015 and to the NASB version in 1995 and 2021. Both versions are offered in English and Spanish in various formats through the foundation's online store. The 2021 NASB is also identified as the Legacy Standard Bible (LSB).
The foundation sought to have the NASB translated further into several Asian languages and maintained a relationship with an evangelical alliance mission for over 30 years. As a result, a Japanese version was published along with versions in Hindi, Korean, and Chinese (in both Mandarin and simplified scripts). The relationship eventually soured, and lawsuits were filed in the US and Japan over copyright and other issues. In 1991, a US Appeals Court decided the cases should be decided in Japanese courts.
As of 2022, the foundation's online store does not offer materials in Asian languages.
References
External links
Lockman Foundation website
Christian mass media companies
Christian publishing companies
La Habra, California
Organizations based in Orange County, California
Organizations established in 1942
1942 establishments in California |
20464498 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010%20Saint%20Kitts%20and%20Nevis%20general%20election | 2010 Saint Kitts and Nevis general election | General elections were held in Saint Kitts and Nevis on 25 January 2010 for eleven of the fourteen or fifteen seats in the National Assembly. The other three or four members of the National Assembly will be appointed by the Governor-General after the elections.
The ruling Saint Kitts and Nevis Labour Party (SKNLP), led by Prime Minister Denzil Douglas, won a fourth term in office. It was opposed in the campaign by the opposition People's Action Movement (PAM), led by Lindsay Grant. Both parties received much of their support from the island of Saint Kitts, which chooses eight of the eleven elected members of the National Assembly.
On the neighboring island of Nevis, local parties, including the Nevis Reformation Party (NRP) and the Concerned Citizens' Movement (CCM), vied for three seats in the National Assembly. Support from Nevisian political parties could decide control of the national government in a tight election.
The continuing economic crisis was a major issue in the campaign. The national debt of Saint Kitts and Nevis had risen to US$2 billion under the SKNLP government, roughly $50,000 per citizen. Prime Minister Denzil Douglas shrugged off accusations that he had let the debt spiral upward during his fifteen years in office:
Background
Before the 2010 election, the Labour Party controlled seven of the eight seats allocated to the island of Saint Kitts in the Assembly. The opposition People's Action Movement (PAM) controlled the other Saint Kitts seat. From nearby Nevis, the Concerned Citizens' Movement (CCM) controlled two of Nevis' three seats in the Assembly, while the opposition Nevis Reformation Party (NRP) controlled the other seat.
Prime Minister Douglas, speaking to a crowd of approximately 15,000 in Basseterre on 9 January 2010, announced the dates for the upcoming election. He set Nomination Day for 15 January 2010, with the general election to be held on 25 January.
Conduct
Armed police had to respond to protests alleging voting irregularities in the constituency where the PAM leader Lindsay Grant was up against Glen "Ghost" Phillips of the SKNLP. PAM supporters contended that "outsiders" were being brought into the Half Way Tree Community Centre, seven miles (11 km) from the capital Basseterre, to vote. Elsewhere in the country, voting was reported to be calm "amidst overcast skies following some intermittent morning showers."
According to 2022 reporting by the OCCRP, there is evidence that Henley and Partners CEO Christian Kälin helped to finance the campaign of Denzil Douglas. Henley had set up a passport selling scheme in St. Kitts and Nevis during Douglas's tenure. At the same time, Henley entered into at least three agreements with the SCL Group or its affiliated companies to help each other in the Caribbean region. Henley has denied financing the Douglas campaign. However, Douglas stated in an unpublished 2018 interview that Henley did fund his campaign and that the SCL Group was hired to manage the campaign. Henley responded by calling Douglas a liar.
Results
On Saint Kitts, the SKNLP won six out of the eight seats. The PAM gained a new National Assembly member, Eugene Hamilton, while PAM deputy leader Shawn Richards retained his seat. Prime Minister Denzil Douglas retained his seat for Constituency Six by a margin of 1905 votes to 179.
On Nevis, the Concerned Citizens' Movement (CCM) won two seats, with the Nevis Reformation Party (NRP) taking the third.
References
Saint Kitts
Elections in Saint Kitts and Nevis
2010 in Saint Kitts and Nevis |
20464517 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hibriten%20High%20School | Hibriten High School | Hibriten High School (HHS) is a comprehensive, four-year high school accredited by the NC Department of Public Instruction and the Southern Colleges and Schools. The school is located at the foot of Hibriten Mountain, the western end of the Brushy Mountains in Lenoir, North Carolina.
History
Hibriten Academy
The Hibriten Academy was founded in 1885 on the Wildwood Road. It was a larger school than most of the ones for that period of time as it had three teachers and students of all ages. The rooms were heated with pot-bellied stoves, and the boy students had to cut the wood to keep the fires going. Water was carried to the rooms in a bucket and the students had their own cup to pour the water into from the bucket. Hibriten Academy was consolidated with Kings Creek High at the end of the 1932 school term.
Building and construction of Hibriten High School
Following a survey of the schools of Caldwell County in 1963, the State Department of Public Instruction recommended that three of the rural schools—Oak Hill, King's Creek, and Happy Valley—be consolidated. It was also recommended that a new building be constructed on a new site for the consolidated high school. Thirty-five acres of land, located in the Lower Creek section of the county, were purchased at a cost of $37,500.
In 1962, an architect was employed for a period of two years to complete plans for the building. Designed in a plan similar to a split-level building, the school consists of three levels and contains departments in science, home economics, English, French, math, social studies, music, physical education, drama, child care center, and vocational studies which include technical drafting, business, introduction to vocations, agriculture, carpentry, graphics, electronics, bricklaying, and the work study programs of industrial cooperative training and distributive education. The building also includes administrative offices for the principal, assistant principal, secretary, guidance suite, visual air room, two first-aid rooms, and a conference room. The cafeteria seats 250 people.
Located at the foot of the Hibriten Mountain, the school was given the name of Hibriten High School. Its mascot is a panther, and the school colors are red, black, and white. It is located two miles from the main thoroughfare of the city of Lenoir. The school was officially opened in the fall of 1966 with Kenneth A. Roberts as principal and Ronald Beane as assistant principal. Student enrollment for the 1966-67 school term was 715, with a faculty of 42. The class of 1967 graduated 118 students. Five elementary schools send students to Hibriten High School.
The gymnasium and music building were completed in 1972 with the gym seating 1800 people.
School bands
The Hibriten High School Symphonic Band is the main band of the school. It was established in 1966. As of Spring 2017, the bands (both symphonic and concert bands) have accumulated fifty-three superior ratings (21 consecutive by the symphonic band from 1994 to 2014), with most of them in Grade VI music (the most difficult level).
Of note are the band directors who taught at Hibriten and who are now in the North Carolina Bandmaster's Hall of Fame. These include George Kirsten (George Kirsten's sister Dorothy Kirsten sang operatic mezzo-soprano in the NY Metropolitan Opera), and Camilla Graeber. Other HHS Band directors have been honored by the Northwest District of the NC Bandmasters Association including Dennis Carswell, John Craig, and Bill Witcher.
School songs
The fight song was written by Captain Ralph Ostrom. The alma mater was written by Kathryn Wilson and John Craig.
Notable alumni
Nick Easton, NFL offensive lineman
Bobby McMillon, singer, musician, and storyteller
References
Public high schools in North Carolina
Schools in Caldwell County, North Carolina
1966 establishments in North Carolina |
6900885 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asagiri-class%20destroyer | Asagiri-class destroyer | The is a class of destroyer, serving with the Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force (JMSDF). It was the second class of first-generation general-purpose destroyers of the JMSDF.
Background
The JMSDF started construction of a since FY1977. This was the first class of under the eight ships / eight helicopters concept. In this concept, each flotilla would be composed of one helicopter destroyer (DDH), five general-purpose destroyers (DD), and two guided-missile destroyers (DDG).
However, due to constraints such as budget, the design of the Hatsuyuki class was compelled to compromise in terms of C4I function, resistance, and durability. Thus, destroyers to be built after FY1983, Asagiri class were changed to an evolved design with expanded hull and enhanced equipment.
Design
The hull is an enlarged type of Hatsuyuki class, and the hull form is of the shelter deck style. Also, as the latter batch of the Hatsuyuki class, the upper structure is made of steel, but since it was incorporated into the design from the beginning, the adverse effect on the movement performance was solved.
The engine room was greatly renovated. Instead of the COGOG propulsion system of the Hatsuyuki class, this class has the COGAG propulsion system with four Kawasaki-Rolls-Royce Spey SM1A gas turbines. With these powerful engines, it was possible to run at by driving only two of the four engines, and the benefits of tracking a submarine were especially great. An alternating arrangement was introduced to improve resistance and durability, as in the steam turbine driven destroyers.
Equipment
The earlier batch was equipped with the OYQ-6 combat direction system (CDS). This system employed one AN/UYK-20 computer as the same as the OYQ-5 tactical data processing system of the Hatsuyuki class, but with expanded memories, it can exchange tactical data via Link-11, which the OYQ-5 does not support. Later, all OYQ-6 systems were upgraded to the OYQ-7, integrated with the OYQ-101 ASW Direction System. All ships of this class were later retrofitted with the terminal for the MOF system, the key operational C4I system of the JMSDF which uses the Superbird SHF-SATCOM.
The surface-search radars were replaced by OPS-28. The air-search radars were updated to OPS-14C in the earlier batch, and in the latter batch, OPS-24 3D radars were introduced. This was a maritime version of the land-based J/FPS-3 early-warning radar, and first shipboard active electronically scanned array radar in the world. In the latter batch, electronic warfare support measures systems were also replaced by NOLR-8, completely newly developed with emphasis on anti-ship missile defense.
Its weapon system is basically the same as the Hatsuyuki class except for the minor change on its FCS. However, a new SH-60J was installed as a shipboard helicopter, so a large capacity data link device was installed. The hangar is enlarged in order to accommodate two helicopters, but only one helicopter is used operationally.
Ships in the class
Yamagiri and Asagiri have been converted into training vessels.
References
Bibliography
External links
GlobalSecurity.org; JMSDF DD Asagiri Class
Destroyer classes |
20464520 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2009%20Aruban%20general%20election | 2009 Aruban general election | General elections were held in Aruba on 25 September 2009. The elections were the seventh to be held for membership of the Estates since autonomy was granted by the Dutch in 1986, and resulted in a victory for the Aruban People's Party, which won 12 of the 21 seats in the Estates.
Background
Prior to this election the People's Electoral Movement (MEP) were the governing party, holding eleven seats. The main opposition Aruban People's Party (AVP) held eight with the Network of Electoral Democracy and the Aruban Patriotic Movement holding a seat apiece.
Electoral system
The 21 members of the Estates were elected for a four-year term using proportional representation, carried out in a single nationwide constituency. Each party was allowed to place up to 29 people on their party list. The party or coalition with a majority was allowed to select a Prime Minister.
Campaign
Eight parties and 167 independents contested the elections. The Aruban Director of the Register of Population and electoral council member Sharline Luidens forbade the press from taking photos inside polling stations during the election.
Pre-election polls showed the AVP were expected to win, campaigning to reduce inflation and abolish a tax on local business. The AVP also pledged to address concerns over the island's oil refinery operated by Valero Energy, which had been closed since mid-July 2009 and had provided jobs for around one thousand people, as well as a recent decline in tourists visiting the island. The People's Electoral Movement (MEP) pledged to diversify the economy and reduce debt and living costs.
The parties were represented by specific colors during the campaign; the AVP was known as the "green party," the MEP was the "yellow party" and the independent Real Democracy Party was identified as the "red party."
Results
A turnout of 86% was recorded for the election which proceeded without disruption. Governor Fredis Refunjol and his wife, Clarette, voted at the Sacred Heart School in Savaneta early Friday morning and urged all Arubans to vote as well. Incumbent Prime Minister Nelson Oduber and his wife, Glenda, cast their ballots at the EPB School in Hato, on the edge of Oranjestad. AVP leader Mike Eman voted in the afternoon at the Colegio Arubano, a junior-senior high school, with his wife, Doina, and his brother, Henny Eman, who was Aruba's first Prime Minister. Doina Eman, who is originally from the United States, had recently acquired her Dutch passport and this was the first Aruban election in which she was eligible to vote.
Polls closed in Aruba at 7:00 pm local time. Early results began filtering in approximately 8:30 pm. The first results reported in were from the Noord District, which showed a marked support for the AVP. Twelve election precincts in Oranjestad, the capital, were also won by the AVP early in the evening. The AVP, which is identified by the color green, also won eight polling stations in San Nicolas, the site of the recently closed Valero Energy oil refinery.
Support declined for Nelson Obuder's MEP party across the island. The MEP, which is known as the "yellow party", captured its traditional stronghold of Santa Cruz, as well as precincts in portions of Savaneta and Paradera. Support for the MEP ultimately dropped from eleven to eight seats in the Estates.
The AVP, led by Mike Eman, claimed 48% of the vote and twelve seats in the Estates, making Eman the 5th Prime Minister-Elect of Aruba with an absolute majority of three seats in the 21-seat House. The MEP won 36% of the vote and eight seats, with the final seat being won by the Real Democracy Party. This meant that Nelson Oduber, the demissionary Prime Minister of Aruba, had lost control of the Estates for the first time in eight years. Eman arrived at the AVP party headquarters in Oranjestad, where he was greeted by approximately 2,000 supporters dressed in green, the color of the AVP. The victory was marked by AVP supporters letting off fireworks and unfurling flags in the green livery of the party. In his speech, Eman thanked Aruba's Latino and Haitian communities. The winning party of an Aruban election traditionally celebrates with a parade following the election.
Reactions
Oduber blamed the MEP's defeat on Dutch interference in Aruba's affairs, in particular referring to a recent announcement that the Dutch authorities would commence an investigation into corruption on the island. Oduber also singled out Valero Energy CEO Bill Klesse, accusing him of taking sides in the election against the MEP by closing the refinery shortly before the election took place. In a speech carried only on Aruban Channel 22, Oduber did not congratulate the winning AVP. Instead, he said that the AVP should work to fulfill its "unreal promise" to Arubans.
References
External links
Aruba Press: AVP Triumphant - Aruba has a New Government
Real Democracy Party 2009 campaign site
General election
Aruba
Elections in Aruba |
20464528 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Testing%2C%20adjusting%2C%20balancing | Testing, adjusting, balancing | In heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC), testing, adjusting and balancing (TAB) are the three major steps used to achieve proper operation of heating, ventilation, and air conditioning systems. TAB usually refers to commercial building construction and the specialized contractors who employ personnel that perform this service.
In general, the TAB specialist performs air and hydronic measurements on the HVAC systems and adjusts the flows as required to achieve optimum performance of the building environmental equipment. The balancing is usually based upon the design flow values required by the Mechanical Engineer for the project, and the TAB contractor submits a written report which summarizes the testing and balancing and notes any deficiencies found during the TAB work. Many times facility managers will use a TAB contractor to assist in identifying preexisting or common issues with a facility. While not necessary to be a TAB contractor, many contractors tend to hold professional air balancing certifications.
Testing
Testing is the use of specialized and calibrated instruments to measure temperatures, pressures, rotational speeds, electrical characteristics, velocities, and air and water quantities for an evaluation of equipment and system performance.
Adjusting
Adjusting is the final setting of balancing devices such as dampers and valves, adjusting fan speeds and pump impeller sizes, in addition to automatic control devices such as thermostats and pressure controllers to achieve maximum specified system performance and efficiency during normal operation.
Balancing
Balancing is the methodical regulation of system fluid flows (air or water) through the use of acceptable procedures to achieve the desired or specified design airflow or water flow. When beginning the balance of a system, you must locate the terminal with the least amount of flow in regards to the engineer's drawing. Once the "low" terminal has been located, you can then proceed to adjust all other diffusers/grilles (air) or circuit balancing valves (water) to proportionally match the original "low" terminal. There must be at least one terminal that is wide open to achieve optimum efficiency.
Notes
Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning |
6900887 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/R.%20Harold%20Zook | R. Harold Zook | Roscoe Harold Zook (21 May 1889 – 17 April 1949) was an American architect best known for his work in suburban Chicago, Illinois. He received a degree in architecture from the Armour Institute of Technology (now Illinois Institute of Technology, or IIT) in 1914. In 1916 Zook married his first wife, Mildred Barnard. They divorced in the late 1930s. They had one son, Harold Barnard Zook, who followed in his father's footsteps to become an architect in Corona del Mar, California. In the early 1940s, Zook married his second wife, Florence (Barkey) Nissen, whom he met through mutual friends (and clients). Zook died in April 1949, just short of his 60th birthday.
Early life and career
Roscoe Harold Zook was born in Valparaiso, Indiana on May 21, 1889, the sixth child of Florence and Dennis Coder Zook. His father was a builder, working as a master carpenter for the Pennsylvania Railroad in Fort Wayne. Zook's uncle, Jacob Steel Zook, was also a builder, most notably designing the Brumback Library in Van Wert, Ohio, now recognized as a Historic Place.
R. Harold Zook spent most of his childhood in Fort Wayne, attending the public schools and showing an early proficiency for art. He attended college at the Armour Institute of Technology. After graduating in 1914, Zook was named to the faculty and taught for four years. He also taught interior design at the Art Institute of Chicago and apprenticed under Howard Van Doren Shaw. In the 1910s, Zook served as President of the Architects Club of Chicago, and was a member of several local architectural clubs. In 1922, Zook made an unsuccessful entry in the Chicago Tribune design competition for their new Chicago building.
Zook built a home and studio in Hinsdale in 1924. In 1925, Zook partnered with William F. McCaughey, a fellow apprentice of Shaw, to start a new architectural firm, operating out of the Auditorium Building. Later, he opened a new office on the 17th floor of the Marquette Building. He designed thirty-four homes and buildings in Hinsdale from 1922 to 1953. Twenty-eight houses in the neighborhood are still occupied. He also worked in Iowa, Wisconsin and Virginia.
He is known for the "Cotswold style cottages" he designed which use details from Tudor architecture including timber framing, exposed beams, diamond-shaped window panes, and intricate brick or stonework. He developed a roofing technique that came to be known as the "Zook roof", with wood shingles laid out in an undulating pattern across the surface to recreate the appearance of a thatched roof. The roofers used "rolled eaves" at the edges of the roof to make a curved transition into the wall below. Zook designed ornamental ironwork for several of these houses using a trademark spider web pattern.
In partnership with architect William F. McCaughey, Zook designed the 1928 art deco style Pickwick Theatre in Park Ridge, Illinois. This was their only theater design, now listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The theater features a tower and lantern, a unique marquee and one of the original installations of a Mighty Wurlitzer theater organ.
Buildings
1924 - Harold Zook Home & Studio - Hinsdale, Illinois
1928 - Jensen House (or W. W. Thompson Home), 325 East Eighth Street, Hinsdale, Du Page County, IL
1928 - Pickwick Theater - Park Ridge, Illinois
1934 - Burns Field Shelter
1940 - St. Charles Municipal Building - St. Charles, Illinois
1948 - Aichinger Residence, 371 Kent Road, Riverside, Illinois
1927 - Private Residence Oak Street Hinsdale 2015 Luxe Magazine photo tour and article HGTV Faces of Design Dramatic Transformation winner with before and after photos
References
External links
"Zook Houses" Photo gallery and list of all remaining Zook houses in the area of Hinsdale, Illinois.
"Selected Bibliography on R. Harold Zook" Hinsdale Public Library.
"R. Harold Zook Cottage" Slideshow showing the relocation of the Harold Zook Home and Studio.
Architects from Illinois
American theatre architects
Illinois Institute of Technology alumni
Hinsdale, Illinois
1889 births
1949 deaths
People from Valparaiso, Indiana |
20464542 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arboretum%20de%20Segrez | Arboretum de Segrez | The Arboretum de Segrez is a historic arboretum located within the Domaine de Segrez on Rue Alphonse Lavallée, Saint-Sulpice-de-Favières, Essonne, Île-de-France, France.
The arboretum was established in 1857 as a scientific undertaking by Pierre Alphonse Martin Lavallée (1836-1884), a French botanist and horticulturist. It included a herbarium and botanical library, and by 1875 was one of the largest collections of woody plants in the world. After Lavallée's death in 1884, scientific cultivation of the arboretum ceased, but a number of mature specimens can still be seen on the domain's grounds.
See also
List of botanical gardens in France
References
Domaine de Segrez
Saint-Sulpice-de-Favières: Segrez
Arboretum Segrezianum. Icones selectae Arborum et Fruticum in Hortis Segrezianis collectorum. Description et figures des espèces nouvelles, rares ou critiques de l'Arboretum de Segrez. Paris : J.B. Baillière et fils, 1880–1885.
Liberty Hyde Bailey, The Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture, The Macmillan Company, 1914, page 347.
Conservatoire Jardins Paysages entry (French)
Gralon.net entry (French)
Segrez, Arboretum de
Segrez, Arboretum de |
6900894 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trochlea%20of%20superior%20oblique | Trochlea of superior oblique | The trochlea of superior oblique is a pulley-like structure in the eye. The tendon of the superior oblique muscle passes through it. Situated on the superior nasal aspect of the frontal bone, it is the only cartilage found in the normal orbit. The word trochlea comes from the Greek word for pulley.
Actions of the superior oblique muscle
In order to understand the actions of the superior oblique muscle, it is useful to imagine the eyeball as a sphere that is constrained – like the trackball of a computer mouse – in such a way that only certain rotational movements are possible. Allowable movements for the superior oblique are (1) rotation in a vertical plane – looking down and up (depression and elevation of the eyeball) and (2) rotation in the plane of the face (intorsion and extorsion of the eyeball).
The body of the superior oblique muscle is located behind the eyeball, but the tendon (which is redirected by the trochlea) approaches the eyeball from the front. The tendon attaches to the top (superior aspect) of the eyeball at an angle of 51 degrees with respect to the primary position of the eye (looking straight forward). The force of the tendon’s pull, therefore, has two components: a forward component that tends to pull the eyeball downward (depression), and a medial component that tends to rotate the top of the eyeball toward the nose (intorsion).
The relative strength of these two forces depends on which way the eye is looking. When the eye is adducted (looking toward the nose), the force of depression increases. When the eye is abducted (looking away from the nose), the force of intorsion increases, while the force of depression decreases. When the eye is in the primary position (looking straight ahead), contraction of the superior oblique produces depression and intorsion in roughly equal amounts.
To summarize, the actions of the superior oblique muscle are (1) depression of the eyeball, especially when the eye is adducted; and (2) intorsion of the eyeball, especially when the eye is abducted. The clinical consequences of weakness in the superior oblique (caused, for example, by fourth nerve palsies) are discussed below.
This summary of the superior oblique muscle describes its most important functions. However, it is an oversimplification of the actual situation. For example, the tendon of the superior oblique inserts behind the equator of the eyeball in the frontal plane, so contraction of the muscle also tends to abduct the eyeball (turn it outward). In fact, each of the six extraocular muscles exerts rotational forces in all three planes (elevation-depression, adduction-abduction, intorsion-extorsion) to varying degrees, depending on which way the eye is looking. The relative forces change every time the eyeball moves – every time the direction of gaze changes. The central control of this process, which involves the continuous, precise adjustment of forces on twelve different tendons in order to point both eyes in exactly the same direction, is truly remarkable.
The recent discovery of soft tissue pulleys in the orbit – similar to the trochlea, but anatomically more subtle and previously missed – has completely changed (and greatly simplified) our understanding of the actions of the extraocular muscles. Perhaps the most important finding is that a 2-dimensional representation of the visual field is sufficient for most purposes.
Additional images
See also
Human eye
Trochleitis
References
External links
Human eye anatomy |
20464547 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red%20Murff | Red Murff | John Robert Murff (April 1, 1921 – November 28, 2008) was a relief pitcher in Major League Baseball who played from through for the Milwaukee Braves. Listed at , 195 lb., Murff batted and threw right-handed. He attended Gettysburg College.
A native of Burlington, Texas, Murff started his professional baseball career in A and AA ball. On June 8, 1951, while pitching for the Texas City Texans, he threw a no-hitter against the Harlingen Capitals. A year later, he pitched innings of a 20-inning game, in a lost cause against the Texarkana Bears, who defeated the Texans, 3–2. Then, in 1955, he won The Sporting News Minor League Player of the Year Award and was named Texas League Pitcher of the Year after going 27–11 for the Dallas Eagles.
Murff entered the majors in 1956 with the Braves as a 35-year-old rookie, having been signed by Milwaukee scout Earle W. Halstead. In a story chronicled in Murff's biography "The Scout", Halstead negotiated with Dick Burnett, owner of the Dallas Eagles in the Texas League, where Murff played. The two sides reached an impasse until Halstead proposed a game of gin rummy with the winner setting the terms of the trade. Halstead won and the Braves paid Burnett $40,000 and three players from the 40 man roster to obtain Murff's contract. In part of two seasons, he posted a 2–2 record with a 4.65 ERA and three saves in 26 appearances, including two starts, giving up 26 earned runs on 56 hits and 18 walks while striking out 31 in innings of work.
Following his majors career, Murff coached in the minors and managed the 1960 Jacksonville Braves of the South Atlantic League. As a scout for the New York Mets, he discovered and signed future Hall of Famer pitcher Nolan Ryan and All-Star catcher Jerry Grote. Ryan, later named president of the Texas Rangers, noted his friendship with Murff in his 1999 Hall of Fame induction speech.
In the early 1970s, Murff helped start the University of Mary Hardin-Baylor baseball program, and retired to Tyler, Texas in 1991 after serving 34 years as a scout. He was inducted into the Texas Baseball Hall of Fame in 1989 and the Texas Scouts Association Hall of Fame in 1999, and in 1994 the UMHB's ballpark was named in his honour, Red Murff Field.
Murff died in a Tyler nursing home at the age of 87.
Further reading
SABR BioProject
BR Bullpen
External links
, or Baseball Almanac
1921 births
2008 deaths
Atlanta Braves scouts
Baseball players from Texas
Baton Rouge Red Sticks players
Gettysburg Bullets baseball players
Dallas Eagles players
Houston Astros scouts
Industriales de Valencia players
Jacksonville Braves players
Louisville Colonels (minor league) players
Major League Baseball pitchers
Mary Hardin–Baylor Crusaders baseball coaches
Milwaukee Braves players
Minor league baseball managers
Montreal Expos scouts
Nashville Vols players
New York Mets scouts
Texas City Texans players
Tyler East Texans players
Wichita Braves players
People from Milam County, Texas |
17327501 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lists%20of%20habeas%20petitions%20filed%20on%20behalf%20of%20War%20on%20Terror%20detainees | Lists of habeas petitions filed on behalf of War on Terror detainees | The United States has published multiple lists of the habeas corpus petitions filed on behalf of detainees apprehended in the course of its War on Terror.
It was the position of the Bush Presidency that none of these detainees were entitled to have writs of habeas corpus considered by the US Justice system.
But some jurists differed.
And several habeas corpus cases have been considered by the United States Supreme Court, or are scheduled to be considered by the Supreme Court.
Habeas petitions for detainees who have been repatriated
The Bush Presidency argued that Guantanamo detainees
who have been repatriated from Guantanamo should have their cases dismissed as moot.
The determination that these detainees were "enemy combatants" remain in effect.
See also
Guantanamo Bay attorneys
Guantanamo military commissions
OARDEC
References
External links
United States habeas corpus case law |
6900909 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citro%C3%ABn%20Bijou | Citroën Bijou | The Citroën Bijou is a small coupé manufactured by Citroën at the premises they had occupied since 1925 in Slough, England. The Bijou was assembled from 1959 until 1964. It was based on the same platform chassis as the Citroën 2CV, sharing its advanced independent front to rear interconnected suspension. The car's appearance was thought to be more in line with the conservative taste of British consumers than the utilitarian 2CV.
The body was made of fibreglass, and the car featured the two-cylinder 425 cc 12 bhp engine also seen in the 2CV. Only 210 were produced, plus two prototypes. It incorporated some components from the DS, most noticeably the single-spoke steering wheel.
It was designed by Peter Kirwan-Taylor, known as the stylist of the elegant 1957 Lotus Elite, another fibreglass-bodied car. Bijou bodies were initially moulded by a company called "Whitson & Co", close to Citroën's Slough premises, but it later proved necessary to transfer this work to another supplier.
Disappointing sales levels for the UK's own Citroën seem to have been down to the Bijou's price, which at the time of the 1959 motor show was £674. At this time the British market was acutely price sensitive, and buyers could choose a Ford Popular with four seats and a much larger engine for £494.
The Bijou's more modern styling gave it a higher top speed and lower cruising fuel consumption than the equivalent 2CV; however, the greater weight of the bodywork had an adverse impact on the car's more general performance, especially its acceleration. The Bijou was considered expensive by the testers. It was also more expensive than the Austin Mini, but the Bijou was supposed to be more distinguished.
As of 2013, nearly 150 Bijous were on the 2CVGB club register, but fewer than 40 are still on the roads.
References
External links
Citroën Bijou at Citroenet
Citroën Bijou at Motorbase
Bijou
Bijou
Cars powered by boxer engines
Cars introduced in 1959
1960s cars |
17327513 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kjellgren%20Kaminsky%20Architecture | Kjellgren Kaminsky Architecture | Kjellgren Kaminsky Architecture is an architecture firm based in Göteborg, Sweden. It works with architecture in its broadest meaning ranging from furniture to city planning, from theory to practice. In 2007, it won the international architect competition for a new dancehall/restaurant in Falsterbo (southern part of Sweden), which was inaugurated in 2009. The project won the Skånes Arkitekturpris. In 2021, Fredrik Kjellgren left the office, which was later run by Joakim Kaminsky under the name Kaminsky Arkitektur.
Publications
Ecological Architecture, Chris van Uffelen (ed.), Braun, 2009, p. 48-49
Desire, The shape of things to come, R. Klanten, S. Ehmann, A. Kupetz, S. Moreno, A. Mollard (ed.), Gestalten, 2008
Notes and references
Carlsson, David Worlds first passive museum David Report, Accessed April 10, 2008
Bright, Christopher Swedish Prefab Dwell, Accessed May 19, 2008
Passive Houses Tropolism, Accessed Mars 05, 2008
Pirate Chair Designerblog, Accessed Mars 24, 2008
Kjellgren Kaminsky设计Passive Houses Interior Design, Accessed April 7, 2008
ArchDaily , September 24, 2011
Arkitektur, November 3, 2011
External links
Kjellgren Kaminsky Architecture website
Swedish Association of Architects website Hägring, the award winning proposal
Architecture firms of Sweden
Companies based in Gothenburg |
6900911 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elias%20David%20H%C3%A4usser | Elias David Häusser | Elias David Häusser (25 June 1687 – 16 March 1745) was a German-Danish architect working in the Baroque and Rococo styles. He is most known for designing the first Christiansborg Palace which was almost completely destroyed in a fire in 1794. Häusser is credited with introducing both those styles to Denmark.
Biography
Häusser was born in Erfurt, Preußen or Prussia.
His parents were David Häusser (1645-1709) and Johanna Maria Evander (1666-1741).
He spent some time at the court of the Duke of Saxony-Gotha and was educated as a military building master in Saxony-Poland. In 1711 he came into Danish military service. In the capacity of an officer in the engineering troops, he was in charge of several projects in Copenhagen, including the Central Guard on Kongens Nytorv and the Commander's House and prison at Kastellet.
In the early 1730s, King Christian VI commissioned him as master builder of a new grand castle, Christiansborg Palace, on the site of the old Copenhagen Castle, which had been torn down in 1731. He left the project in 1742, a few years before it was completed, to assume a position as Commander in Nyborg on the Danish island of Funen. He died in 1745at Nyborg.In 1741, Häusser became a commander in which position he was appointed to Major General in 1742.
Works
Copenhagen Stocks House, Copenhagen (1722, demolished in 1929)
Central Guardhouse on Kongens Nytorv, Copenhagen Denmark (1724, nedbrudt 1875)
Commander's House, Kastellet, Copenhagen, Denmark (1725)
Prison at Kastellet, Copenhagen, Denmark
Christiansborg Palace, Copenhagen, Denmark (1733–45, partly burnt 1794)
See also
Architecture of Denmark
References
Danish Baroque architects
German Baroque architects
1687 births
1745 deaths
Rococo architects |
6900934 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evacuation%20%28TV%20series%29 | Evacuation (TV series) | Evacuation is a British children's reality television series presented by Matt Baker which was broadcast on CBBC between September 2006 and February 2008 where six boys and six girls from across the United Kingdom experienced living as evacuees in World War II.
Format
The children lived exactly as wartime evacuees would have: they ate meals, attended school, wore clothes, were given haircuts, and were punished for misbehavior as was customary during the 1940s. In the first episode of both series, the children had to hand over all of their 21st century items (e.g. mobile phones), which were returned at the end of the series. They were also given gas masks and ID cards, which were carried at all times. The children engaged in traditional wartime activities, such as building air-raid shelters. When they were not being filmed, the adults continued to stay in character to maintain the illusion that the scenario was real.
Series one
The first series of Evacuation began transmission on CBBC on BBC One on 4 September 2006. The children were evacuated to the fictitious Castle Farm, where they experienced living as children who were evacuated to a traditional wartime farm.
Series two
The second series, known as Evacuation to the Manor House, began transmission on CBBC on BBC One on 17 January 2008. The children were evacuated to the fictitious Pradoe Hall, where they experienced living as children who were evacuated to a traditional 1940s manor house.
List of Children & Characters
Children, Series 1:
Luke Burton
Josh Opoku
Harry Cracknell
Richard Hall
Charlie McCutcheon
Felix Chancellor-Burton
Natalie Travers (appeared only in the first three episodes; left due to homesickness)
Laura Adegoke
Natalie Hancock
Tia Hatton
Joanna Lau
Chelsea Thompson
Characters, Series 1:
Mr. and Mrs. Rivett, who own the farm (were later referred to as 'Uncle Brian' and 'Aunty Sue' with increased familiarity)
Miss Young, the school teacher
Mr. Storey, the local ARP Warden
Mr. Patrick, an elderly gentleman who works for Mr. Rivett as a farmhand
Mr. Graham, the local air-raid shelter expert
Miss Victoria, a member of the Women's Land Army
Matthew, the ploughman
Private Pickard, a Home Guardsman
The local vicar, never named on-screen
Children, Series 2:
Nishith "Nish" Hegde
Sean Williams
Jack Smith
Samir "Sam" Sayah
Scott Dunstan
Daniel Rushton
Shaaron Somasanduram
Olivia Barry
Rachel Hardy
Mary Ellen Jones
Jade Hitchmough
Annabella Jacobs
Sade Philpotts (arrived later in the series; only appeared in the final four episodes)
Characters, Series 2:
Lord and Lady Olstead, who own the manor house
Miss Young, the school teacher
Mr. Henderson, the butler
Mrs. Dobinson, the housekeeper
Cook, never named on-screen
Mr. Goodall, the gamekeeper
Miss Victoria, the kitchen hand
Nurse Durkin
Colonel Fanthorpe, of the Home Guard
Mr. Lewis, the ARP Warden
Mr. Jackson, the Fire Warden
Mr. Pugh, the shepherd
Mr. Ward, the farmer
Sergeant Rae
Helen drs wife Wendy Richardson
lady debbie Debbie Hunter
Notes
To maintain the illusion that the characters were real people, the closing credits never named the actors who played the characters.
Evacuation is a reality television show, meaning that there is no continuity between the two series; therefore the fact that Miss Young appears to be teaching at both Castle Farm and Pradoe Hall is irrelevant.
Although it is a reality television show, all the 1940s characters in the series are portrayed by role-playing actors, who were always referred to by their character's name.
Episodes
List of Evacuation episodes
External links
2006 British television series debuts
2008 British television series endings
2000s British children's television series
BBC children's television shows
English-language television shows
British reality television series
Historical reality television series
Television series by Warner Bros. Television Studios |
6900945 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zrinjski%20Mostar | Zrinjski Mostar | Zrinjski Mostar is a sports association from the city of Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina. It was formed in 1905.
Member clubs
Football:
HŠK Zrinjski Mostar
Basketball:
HKK Zrinjski Mostar (men's)
ŽKK Zrinjski Mostar (women's)
Handball:
HMRK Zrinjski Mostar (men's)
HŽRK Zrinjski Mostar (women's)
Futsal:
HFC Zrinjski Mostar
Boxing:
HBK Zrinjski Mostar
Athletics:
HAK Zrinjski Mostar
Swimming:
APK Zrinjski Mostar
External links
Sports teams in Bosnia and Herzegovina
Sport in Mostar
Multi-sport clubs in Bosnia and Herzegovina |
17327553 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diego%20Capusotto | Diego Capusotto | Diego Esteban Capusotto (born 21 September 1961) is an Argentine television presenter, actor, and comedian who is noted for his participation in television shows such as Cha Cha Cha, Todo por dos pesos and Peter Capusotto y sus videos.
Biography
Capusotto was born on 21 September 1961 in Castelar, Buenos Aires Province, and moved to the Villa Luro neighborhood of Buenos Aires when he was seven, where he lived for three decades.
At 25, he began to study acting at the Arlequines Theater. He has starred in several movies. The first, Zapada, una comedia beat (1999), was not released commercially. He followed up with Mataperros (2001), India Pravile (2003), Soy tu aventura (2003), Dos ilusiones (2004) and Regresados (2007), also known as D-Graduated. His most recent film was Pajaros Volando (2010).
His television career began in 1992 with De la cabeza, a series in which he worked with actors and comedians such as Alfredo Casero, Fabio Posca, Mex Urtizberea, and Fabio Alberti. After the program was killed off by a falling out between Posca and the other actors, Capusotto teamed up with Casero and Alberti in a new comedy project, Cha Cha Cha, which was broadcast intermittently between 1992 and 1997. Capusotto and Alberti would team up again, in 1998, on the cast of the television series, Delikatessen, starring Horacio Fontova, and again in 1999 when the program Todo por dos pesos (99 Cent Store) made its debut: this program would finally establish Capusotto as an icon of Argentine comedy. For this series, in which he established some of his best and most famous characters such as "Irma Jusid", "El Hombre Bobo", and "Peter Conchas", Capusotto received the Martin Fierro Award for Comedy Performance in 2001.
Todo por dos pesos went off the air in 2002. In 2003, Capusotto played a mentally ill person in the series Sol negro, produced by Sebastián Ortega and with performances by
Rodrigo de la Serna and Carlos Belloso, among others.
On 24 March 2004, Capusotto returned to the theater together with Fabio Alberti to present the comedy show Una noche en Carlos Paz, written by Pedro Saborido and directed by Néstor Montalbano, where they continued the shtick of Todo por dos pesos. The show was followed by Qué noche Bariloche, which premiered in 2006.
Up to the age of 17, Capusotto wanted to play football:
Capusotto was always involved with music, but he never wanted to make a career of it:
Capusotto co-wrote and starred in the comedy plays Una noche en Carlos Paz ("A Night in Carlos Paz") and Qué noche Bariloche ("What a Night, Bariloche!"). In 2006, the television show Peter Capusotto y sus videos (Peter Capusotto and his videos), created and starring Capusotto, debuted on Rock&Pop TV (later airing on Televisión Pública, and currently airing on TBS). The humoristic program (which features rarely seen rock music videos) consists in Capusotto parodying the different facets of the rock-and-roll lifestyle in various sketches, and taking rock personalities and stereotypes for an intertwining critique of several aspects of the Argentine society and culture, with "Luis Almirante Brown (Artaud for millions)", "Pomelo, ídolo de rock" ("Pomelo, rock idol") and "Perón y rock" as some of the highlights. The program has become a cult hit, and video clips from the show are frequently viewed on YouTube.
On 17 December 2007, after Peter Capusotto y sus videos was nominated for the Clarín Awards, Capusotto received awards in the Musical Performance and Best Comedy Program categories.
On 2 July 2008, at the Martín Fierro Awards he received the award for Best Comedy Performance for Peter Capusotto and his videos. On 2009, he again received a Martín Fierro Award for Best Comedy Performance for Peter Capusotto and his videos. 2012 saw the release of Peter Capusotto y sus 3 Dimensiones ("Peter Capusotto and his Three Dimensions"), a movie based on the television show, which was quite successful at the box office.
Personal life
Capusotto is married to María Laura, with whom he has two daughters: Elisa, and Eva (named after Eva Perón). He is a fan of the Racing Club soccer team. He currently resides in the Barracas, Buenos Aires.
He had two brothers, but both are deceased.
Selected filmography
Television
De la cabeza ("Crazy")
Cha cha cha
Delikatessen
Todo por dos pesos ("99 cent store")
Tiempo Final ("Final time")
Sol Negro ("Black sun")
Peter Capusotto y sus videos ("Peter Capusotto and his videos")
Film
Tiempo de Descuento (time's running out) [short film]
Zapada, una comedia beat (Zapada, a Beat comedy)
Mataperros (thug)
India Pravile
Soy tu aventura (I'm your adventure)
Dos ilusiones (two dreams/illusions)
Regresados (known as D-Graduated internationally)
Pájaros Volando (Birds Flying)
Peter Capusotto y sus Tres Dimensiones (Peter Capusotto and his Three Dimensions)
Kryptonita
27, El club de los malditos
Awards
2013 Tato award as best comical work.
2011 Konex award - Merit Diploma as one of the 5 best TV actor of the decade in Argentina.
Nominations
2013 Martín Fierro Awards
Best work in humor
References
External links
Official site
Youtube channel
Diego Capusotto on Cinenacional.com
Interview with Diego Capusotto
Interview with Diego Capusotto for Sudestada Magazine
Article about Diego Capusotto and his comedy
Arlequines Theater
2001 interview
1961 births
20th-century Argentine male actors
20th-century comedians
21st-century Argentine male actors
21st-century comedians
Argentine male comedians
Argentine male film actors
Argentine male stage actors
Living people
People from Morón Partido |
17327565 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bakestone%20Moor | Bakestone Moor | Bakestone Moor is an area of settlement in Derbyshire, England. It is located on the west side of Whitwell.
Geography of Derbyshire
Bolsover District |
17327582 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International%20Congress%20of%20Maritime%20Museums | International Congress of Maritime Museums | The International Congress of Maritime Museums (ICMM) is the world's only international network of maritime museums, associations, and individuals devoted to maritime heritage, founded in 1972. It has 120+ members of every size across thirty-five countries and six continents. It convenes biennial congresses hosted by different member museums around the world, publishes a monthly newsletter, and offers resources on its website on subjects including maritime archaeology, historic vessels and maritime curatorship.
External links
Official Website of ICMM
Museum associations and consortia
Maritime history events
History organizations
Maritime museums
Maritime history organizations
Organizations established in 1972 |
6900956 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Du%C5%A1an%20Kerkez | Dušan Kerkez | Dušan Kerkez (Serbian Cyrillic: Душан Керкез; born 1 May 1976) is a Bosnian former professional footballer who played as a midfielder. He is the current professional football manager
for Serbian SuperLiga club Čukarički.
Club career
In the 2001–02 season, Kerkez played regularly for Radnički Obrenovac and helped the club earn promotion to the First League of FR Yugoslavia for the first time in history. He then moved to Bosnia and Herzegovina and joined Leotar in the summer of 2002, helping them win the national championship in their debut appearance in the top flight.
After two years at Leotar, Kerkez switched to fellow Bosnian side Zrinjski Mostar in the summer of 2004, celebrating his second league title in his only season at the club. He subsequently moved to Croatia and signed with Rijeka, winning the national cup in his first year.
In the summer of 2007, Kerkez was transferred to Cypriot side AEL Limassol. He spent four seasons with the club, before switching to cross-town rivals Aris Limassol in the summer of 2011.
International career
Kerkez received his first call-up to the Bosnia and Herzegovina squad by manager Blaž Slišković and made his debut for them in a February 2004 friendly match away against Macedonia. He has earned a total of 4 caps, scoring no goals. He also played in an unofficial game against Iran in 2005. His final international was a September 2006 European Championship qualification against Hungary.
Personal life
Kerkez's son Strahinja Kerkez is also a professional footballer, and is a youth international for Cyprus.
Managerial statistics
As of 24 November 2022
Honours
Player
Leotar
Premier League of Bosnia and Herzegovina: 2002–03
Zrinjski Mostar
Premier League of Bosnia and Herzegovina: 2004–05
Rijeka
Croatian Cup: 2005–06
Manager
AEL Limassol
Cypriot Cup: 2018–19
References
External links
1976 births
Living people
Footballers from Belgrade
Association football midfielders
Bosnia and Herzegovina footballers
Bosnia and Herzegovina international footballers
FK Voždovac players
FK Radnički Obrenovac players
FK Leotar players
HŠK Zrinjski Mostar players
HNK Rijeka players
AEL Limassol players
Aris Limassol FC players
Second League of Serbia and Montenegro players
Premier League of Bosnia and Herzegovina players
Croatian Football League players
Cypriot First Division players
Cypriot Second Division players
Bosnia and Herzegovina expatriate footballers
Expatriate footballers in Serbia and Montenegro
Bosnia and Herzegovina expatriate sportspeople in Serbia and Montenegro
Expatriate footballers in Croatia
Bosnia and Herzegovina expatriate sportspeople in Croatia
Expatriate footballers in Cyprus
Bosnia and Herzegovina expatriate sportspeople in Cyprus
Bosnia and Herzegovina football managers
AEL Limassol managers
Bosnia and Herzegovina expatriate football managers
Expatriate football managers in Cyprus |
6900967 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/War%20in%20Wonderland | War in Wonderland | War In Wonderland is an album released in 2006 by an Estonian industrial metal band No-Big-Silence.
It consists of songs recorded from 2002 to 2006. It did well on release.
"Robot Super Lover Boy", "War In Wonderland" and more recently "The Outer Suns" were released as singles from the album.
The entire album can be played on the band's website.
Track listing
"Gore Gore Girls" – 3:37
"She's Got Hyper Power" – 4:08
"Dreamriders" – 4:19
"Diabolic Speed" – 3:13
"Robot Super Lover Boy" – 3:33
"The Outer Suns" – 4:09
"Red Sky" – 4:25
"War In Wonderland" – 4:05
"Psycho Creeping" – 3:43
"My Tears Are Fire" – 5:33
Personnel
Vocals - Cram
Bass, backing vocals, guitar - Willem
Guitar, keyboards, programming and bass - Kristo K
Drums - Kristo R
Editing, mixing - Kristo Kotkas
Producing - No-Big-Silence
Mastering - Tom Baker
Additional vocals and voices - Kaire Vilgats, Hele Kõre, Evelin Pang, Kristiina and Kalev
Artwork - Harijis Brants
Layout - Harijis Brants and Jensen
2006 albums
No-Big-Silence albums |
6900978 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan%20Serrano%20%28flamenco%29 | Juan Serrano (flamenco) | Dr. Juan Serrano Rodríguez is spanish guitarist of flamenco who has played concerts and made recordings throughout the world. He has devoted much of his life to giving concerts and teaching flamenco guitar around the world.
Serrano was born in Córdoba, Spain in 1934 At the age of 9, he studied guitar with his father, Antonio el del Lunar, a professional guitarist. Serrano made his professional debut at age 13, and soon earned a reputation throughout Spain and Europe as a gifted musician. He performed and recorded with flamenco musical, dance, and theatrical companies. At this time Serrano also started his solo career. His home town of Córdoba was so proud of his accomplishments that they replaced the bell in the town clock with recordings of his guitar playing.
In 1961 Serrano accepted an invitation to come to America and perform on The Ed Sullivan Show. The success of this performance led to numerous solo flamenco guitar concerts and more TV appearances, then a recording contract with Elektra Records, who released his US debut album "Ole, la mano!" in 1962. The New York Times said Serrano had "ten dexterous fingers that often sound like twenty... a breathtaking technician who can wring rhythmic dance fury out of fandangos and zapateados. He is a lyric sentamentalist, who can make the strings cry." Serrano made the US his home, where he achieved renown as an instructor. In Feb. 1968 he was the featured cover-photo artist for Guitar Player magazine.
Along with others such as Sabicas and Mario Escudero, Serrano's virtuosity helped establish solo flamenco guitar as a viable concert instrument beyond the borders of Spain.
He developed the guitar program at California State University, Fresno and headed the guitar department until his retirement. In addition to his teaching duties, Serrano is much sought after as a performer, for master classes and as a guest lecturer on the history of Flamenco. Serrano is the only flamenco guitarist in the world with a doctorate in humane letters and a tenured faculty position at a major university.
Córdoba also awarded Serrano the "Potro de Oro". This prestigious honor is awarded once every ten years; Serrano and Paco Peña are the only guitarists ever to be so honored. Serrano received the Page One Ball from the Newspaper Guild of New York for his outstanding performances. He was also awarded the Medalla de Oro from the Spanish Academy of Fine Arts, the Catedra de Flamencologia from Jerez, Spain, and an Honorary Doctor of Humane Letters from Fairfield University in Fairfield, Connecticut. The city of Fresno has bestowed on Serrano the "Fabulous Fresnan" and "Horizon" awards.
Juan Serrano currently lives in Longwood, Florida
Authored several guitar instruction books for Mel Bay Publications, including:
Flamenco Guitar: Basic Techniques (1994)
Juan Serrano, Flamenco Concert Selections (1994)
Guitar Solos (1994)
Sabor Flamenco (1995)
Systematic Studies for Flamenco Guitar: A Falsetas Anthology and videos Flamenco Guitar (1995)
Juan Serrano - Flamenco Guitar Basic Techniques (1996)
Juan Serrano - King of the Flamenco Guitar (1997)
Flamenco Tradition, Part 1 (1997)
Juan Serrano - Flamenco Guitar Solos (2000)
Juan Serrano - Flamenco Concert Selections (2000)
Systematic Studies for Flamenco Guitar (2002)
Juan Serrano: The Flamenco Tradition (2003)
Juan Serrano Flamenco Guitar (2003)
Flamenco Guitar Wall Chart (2003)
Juan Serrano, The Art of Accompanying Flamenco Dance (2007)
Flamenco Classical Guitar Tradition, Volume 1
A Technical Guitar Method and Introduction to Music (2009)
Awarded the Medalla de Oro from the Spanish Academy of Fine Arts, the Catedra de Flamencologia from Jerez de la Frontera, Spain.
Recordings
Ole, La Mano! (1962)
Flamenco Fenómeno (1963)
Live at The Worlds Fair (1964)
Bravo, Serrano! (1964)
Popular music of Spain and the Old World (1965)
Cante Hondo
Fiesta Flamenca (1965)
Sabor Flamenco (1991)
Two tracks from this recording ("Entre Olas" and "Gorrión") are featured in the soundtrack for the 2008 Woody Allen film Vicky Cristina Barcelona.
Masters of Flamenco, Volumes 1-5 (1994)
The Art of the Flamenco Guitar
Flamenco Festival (1994)
Grandes Guitarras (1995)
Flamenco Guitar (1995)
References
Spanish flamenco guitarists
Spanish male guitarists
Living people
1935 births
People from Córdoba, Spain
Spanish emigrants to the United States
California State University, Fresno faculty
Flamenco guitarists
Guitarists from California
20th-century American guitarists
20th-century American male musicians
American male guitarists |
6900992 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robertsite | Robertsite | Robertsite, Ca3(Mn3+)4[(OH)3| (PO4)2]2·3(H2O) (alternatively formulated Ca2(Mn3(PO4)3O2)(H2O)3), is a secondary phosphate mineral named for Willard Lincoln Roberts (1923–1987), mineralogist and professor at South Dakota School of Mines in Rapid City, South Dakota.
The type locality for Robertsite is the Tip Top mine, Custer County, South Dakota, US. Robertsite occurs at the Tip Top Mine as minute crystal aggregates and crusts found on quartz associated with triphylite. It is a dark reddish brown to black monoclinic mineral.
It occurs as a secondary mineral in pegmatite. It is also reported from the Khoa Rang Kai phosphate deposit, Chiang Mai, Thailand in a limestone guano deposit. It is associated with rockbridgeite, ferrisicklerite, leucophosphite, jahnsite, montgomeryite, collinsite and hureaulite in the type locality. In the guano deposit it occurs with carbonate-fluorapatite, calcite, dolomite, quartz and clay minerals. In the Omo Valley of Ethiopia it occurs with mitridatite associated with fossil fish in Pliocene/Pleistocene lake sediments.
Recently, in an exploration conducted by the Italian La Venta Geographical Association, confirmed the existence of Robertsite in the Puerto Princesa Subterranean River National Park, located about 50 kilometres (31 mi) north of the city center of Puerto Princesa, Palawan, Philippines.
Mitridatite group:
Arseniosiderite-mitridatite series:
Ca2(Fe3+)3[(O)2|(AsO4)3]·3H2O
to
Ca2(Fe3+)3[(O)2|(PO4)3]·3H2O
Arseniosiderite-robertsite series:
Ca2(Fe3+)3[(O)2|(AsO4)3]·3H2O
to
Ca3(Mn3+)4[(OH)3|(PO4)2]2·3H2O
References
Andrade, M. B., Morrison, S. M., Di Domizio, A. J., Feinglos, M. N., & Downs, R. T. (2012). Robertsite, Ca2MnIII3O2 (PO4) 3.3 H2O. Acta Crystallographica Section E: Structure Reports Online, 68(10), i74-i75.doi:10.1107/S160053681203735X
Phosphate minerals
Manganese(III) minerals
Monoclinic minerals
Minerals in space group 15 |
6901021 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yamagumo-class%20destroyer | Yamagumo-class destroyer | The Yamagumo class are vessels of the Japanese Maritime Self-Defense Force, usually classified as a destroyer, but due to their relatively light displacement, in other sources as a destroyer escort. This class is the successor of the .
This class was planned to become the new generation workhorse of the fleet of the JMSDF. In support of this objective, it was equipped with some new generation weapon and sensor systems such as the ASROC anti-submarine rocket and the OPS-11 early warning radar (Japanese equivalent of the American AN/SPS-40 radar).
The Minegumo-class destroyer derived from this class as the new DASH equipped version, but after the QH-50D DASH was scrapped, the JMSDF decided on resuming the construction of this class. The latter batch sometimes called as the Aokumo class, and there are some improvements, mainly in their electronics such as the OQS-3 hull-sonar (Japanese variant of the American AN/SQS-23) and the AN/SQS-35 variable depth sonar system.
Ships
References
The Maru Special, Ships of the JMSDF No.58 "Escort ship Yamagumo-class and Minegumo-class", Ushio Shobō (Japan), December 1981
Destroyer classes |
6901022 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre%20for%20Medieval%20and%20Renaissance%20Studies | Centre for Medieval and Renaissance Studies | The Centre for Medieval and Renaissance Studies (CMRS) in Oxford, England, is a programme for international students (mainly American) to study in Oxford, and also encourages research in the humanities and fields of Medieval and Renaissance studies. It was founded by Dr. John and Dr. Sandra J.K.M Feneley in 1975. In 2014, CMRS became part of the global network of Middlebury College C.V. Starr Schools Abroad and is now known as the Middlebury College-CMRS Oxford Humanities Program (M-CMRS). The CMRS has long been affiliated with Keble College, Oxford, and participants are associate members of the College with access to all its facilities. Among the American colleges and universities that have sent students to CMRS are The University of Georgia, Elmhurst College, St. Mary's College of California, St. Mary's College of Maryland, St. Olaf College, William Jewell College, Middlebury College.
CMRS is located in St. Michael's Hall on Shoe Lane, close to Carfax at the very center of Oxford. St Michael's Hall is a large building and contains, among other things, a lecture hall, teaching rooms, offices for the M-CMRS administration, the Feneley Library, and several floors of student accommodation, including a kitchen, dining room, and Junior Common Room.
Ten weeks of each semester coincide with Oxford University's Michaelmas or Hilary Terms.
References
External links
Centre for Medieval and Renaissance Studies official website
Educational institutions established in 1975
Education in Oxford
History education
Renaissance and early modern research centres |
17327583 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demet%20Akal%C4%B1n | Demet Akalın | Demet Akalın (born 23 April 1972) is a Turkish singer and former model. Due to the popular songs she has released since the middle of the 2000s, she has become one of the most recognizable names of Turkish pop music.
Akalın, who was born in Gölcük, Kocaeli, initially decided to pursue a career in modeling and started working as a model for Neşe Erberk's agency. She also acted in a number of motion picture films and television series in the 1990s. Simultaneously with modeling, she started singing in the casinos, and released her first studio album, Sebebim in 1996 which was not successful. With the release of the album Banane in 2004, she became well-known in Turkey. The album's lead single, "Aşkın Açamadığı Kapı", earned Akalın a Turkey Music Award for the Song of the Year. Kusursuz 19 (2006) received a gold certification from Mü-Yap and with the success of Dans Et (2008), she became one of the influential figures of Turkish pop music. Her album Pırlanta was the best-selling album in Turkey in 2015. Many of her songs, including "Afedersin", "Mucize", "Toz Pembe" and "Hayalet", have been number-one hits in Turkey. Other songs such as "Tecrübe", "Çanta", "Olacak Olacak", "Sabıka", "İlahi Adalet" and "Ders Olsun" have ranked among the top 5 on Turkey's music charts.
Akalın, who is considered by music critics to have created her own style, has frequently appeared on the cover of magazines and has been the subject of numerous tabloid reports. From 2007 to 2018, she was in an on and off feud with Hande Yener, and their arguments were covered in the tabloids from time to time. After her marriages to Oğuz Kayhan in 2006 and Önder Bekensir in 2010 ended in divorce, she married Okan Kurt in 2012 and the couple's first child Hira was born in 2014. The couple divorced in 2018. To this day, she has won two Golden Butterfly Awards and four Kral Turkey Music Awards, and has received numerous other awards and nominations.
Life and career
1972–96: Early life and career beginnings
Demet Akalın was born on 23 April 1972 to Ali and Şenay Akalın in Gölcük, Kocaeli. Her paternal family has Laz ancestry, while her maternal grandmother, Iffet Hanim (1912-2011), was of Tatar descent and her maternal grandfather was of Bosniak descent. She attended primary and secondary schools in Gölcük and eventually got enrolled in Gölcük Barbaros Hayrettin Lisesi. With the help of her mother, she took modeling courses with Yaşar Alptekin. She subsequently joined Neşe Erberk's modeling agency. Meanwhile, she acted in a number of movies and TV series including Günlerden Pazar (1992), Tele Anahtar (1994) and Sensiz Olmaz (1994). She also appeared in a TV movie titled Hayatın Anlamı alongside Ece Sükan.
1996–2005: Sebebim, Unuttum and Banane
While continuing her modeling career, Akalın started to sing at casinos as well. In September 1996, her first studio album Sebebim (My Reason) was released by Elenor Plak. The songs were a mix of pop and Arabesque. Naim Dilmener wrote in his review for Hürriyet that Akalın was still inexperienced and her shaky vocals made the album poorly received. The album's lead single, titled "Sebebim", was written by Seda Akay and Niran Ünsal, for which a music video was released. Two other music videos were made for the songs "Asla Affedilmez" and "Sakın Vazgeçme". In 1998 Akalın got a role as Deniz in one episode of Kanal D's TV series Sibel.
In June 2000 her first EP Yalan Sevdan was released by Şahin Özer Müzik. A music video was made for the EP's song "Senin Anan Güzel mi?", which became Akalın's first hit in Turkey and Sırma Karasu of Habertürk later praised the song as one of the earliest examples of modern Turkish pop music. Akalın's second studio album Unuttum (I've Forgotten) was produced by Peker Müzik and released in June 2003. All of the new songs in the album were written by Ersay Üner and three music videos were made for the album's lead single, "Unuttum", as well as the songs "Gazete" and "Allahından Bul".
In December 2004, her third album Banane (I Don't Care) was released by Seyhan Müzik. The songs on this album were written by Serdar Ortaç and Yıldız Tilbe. The album sold 40,000 copies and eight music videos were made for the songs "Bittim", "Aşkın Açamadığı Kapı", "Banane", "Vuracak", "Bir Anda Sevmiştim", "Tamamdır", "Pembe Dizi" and "Adam Gibi", the second of which was chosen as the Song of the Year at the 12th Turkey Music Awards. Critics drew similarities between "Banane"'s music vido and Madonna's short film "Star" made in 2002 for BMW. Akalın's future husband, Oğuz Kayhan, appeared in the music video for "Pembe Dizi".
2006–09: Kusursuz 19 and Dans Et
Akalın wrote a few songs for her fourth studio album Kusursuz 19 (The Perfect 19) which was produced by Seyhan Müzik and released in June 2006. The album was released with high hopes to make Akalın a solid figure of Turkish pop music as, in Akalın's words, "Hande Yener was a bit distressed because her new tape was very European, and Gülşen was having problems due to her troubled relationship with her producer. As they are dealing with their problems and losing blood, I will take my place in the music market with my new album." The album sold 147,000 copies, got a gold certification from Mü-Yap and its lead single "Afedersin" became a number-one hit on Türkçe Top 20. Separate music videos were also made for the songs "Herkes Hakettiği Gibi Yaşıyor", "Mantık Evliliği" and "Alçak". Akalın received the award for Best Female Artist at the 13th Turkey Music Awards and "Afedersin" was chosen as the Best Song of the Year. In July 2006, she married restaurant owner Oğuz Kayhan and the couple got divorced in November. Akalın later stated that they were divorced because they had fallen in disagreement about having children.
Akalın did not intend to release any new works for a period of time, but at the request of her fans, she eventually released the single "Tatil" in June. Meanwhile, she got into a feud with Hande Yener. Yener had said: "I do western music, so I can not compete with those who make fantasy music. What Demet does is not similar to my style." to which Akalın responded by saying: "If she does not like me, why is she after my works? It is obvious that she takes all the works that I don't like or refuse to do for herself." Yener subsequently took a case to the court asking for 50,000 on the grounds that Akalın had insulted her and attacked her verbally, but the court said that they did not find any insult in Akalın's words. The feud continued when Yener said: "Demet? She's a grocery singer. What she does is 'grocery music'. No doubt. The likes of her are the followers of Serdar Ortaç." Akalın responded by saying: "Oh, she does electronic music? It's more likely that she's been electrocuted." and won 10,000 in the court in a case against Yener. Hürriyet chose the phrase 'grocery music' as one of the core words of 2007 and Sırma Karasu from Habertürk described the grocery music debate as one of the breaking points of Turkish pop music. After this point, the feud between the two continued on numerous occasions.
Akalın's fifth studio album Dans Et (Dance) was produced by Seyhan Müzik and released in March 2008 with Ersay Üner writing and composing most of the songs. By the end of the year it sold 128,000 copies in Turkey and received a gold certification from Mü-Yap. Critics reacted negatively to slow-paced songs but praised the dance songs. The lead single "Mucize" ranked number one on Billboard Türkiyes Türkçe Top 20 for seven weeks. After making a music video for "Mucize", separate music videos were released for the songs "Bebek", "Gururum" and "Dans Et". "Bebek" became the third most-played song on radio in Turkey in 2008. At a concert in Bodrum in May 2008 Akalın said to a group of audience: "Bro, are you all from Diyarbakır? From the mountain side? I didn't understand where you came from. You're just looking like morons. One gives a round of applause or something." These words made her subject to a large number of reactions. She responded by saying: "The words I have said were a joke at my own friends from Diyarbakır who had come to see my performance. If the joke I made with all my sincerity towards my friends has been misunderstood, I apologize to all my fans from Diyarbakır." The criticism continued and seven businessmen from Diyarbakır accused Akalın of "publicly denouncing a section of society based on social class, sex, and regional difference". In 2010, the court decided to postpone the announcement of the judgment and, as a precautionary measure, the singer was ordered to write the words of the İstiklal Marşı on a page and make a five-page comment on the anthem.
In April 2009, Akalın released the single "Toz Pembe", which ranked number one on Türkçe Top 20. While the song was favorably received by some critics, it was considered by some as a replay of the singer's previous works.
2010–14: Zirve, Giderli 16 and Rekor
In January 2010, Akalın married the businessman Önder Bekensir, but just like her first marriage this one also ended after a few months. In July, the couple applied to the court on the grounds of severe disagreement and they divorced over the course of 20 minutes. In April, she released her sixth studio album Zirve (Peak), which sold 83,000 copies and made her the eighth best-selling artist in Turkey in 2010. She later jokingly said that this album was full of "grocery songs to the bottom". Critics noted that the album contained "flat pop music rant" and was mostly commercial. The albums's lead single, "Tecrübe", ranked number two on Turkey's music charts. The first music video for the song was directed by Teoman Topçu, who spent 40,000 for its preparation, but as some drew similarities between the clip and Corenell's music video for "Keep on Jumpin'", Akalın set the video aside and worked with Tamer Aydoğdu on a second video clip for the song. Five other music videos were made for the songs "Evli, Mutlu, Çocuklu", "Çanta", "Bozuyorum Yeminimi", "Umutsuz Vaka" and "Olacak Olacak". Akalın's former husband appeared in the music video for "Evli, Mutlu, Çocuklu" and Tan Taşçı appeared in the music video for "Çanta", which was directed by Akalın herself. "Çanta" and "Olacak Olacak" ranked third and fourth on Turkey's official music charts. On 3 August 2010, Akalın performed for the first time at the Cemil Topuzlu Open-Air Theatre, and Murat Dalkılıç made an appearance on the stage as well.
In May 2011 Akalın began preparations for her new studio album and in summer she released her second EP Aşk, followed by the newly recorded song "Ben de Özledim" together with Ferdi Tayfur. Three months before that she had collaborated with Fettah Can on the song "Yanan Ateşi Söndürdük". Her EP sold 40,000 copies and one of its songs, "Sabıka", ranked among the top five on Turkey's music charts. In July, she performed at the 52nd International Nasrettin Teachers Memorial and Humor Days in Akşehir, Konya, and said to the district governor Ahmet Katırcı: "You covered your ears with your hands for an hour. Are you disturbed, 'uncle'? You're making me lose my concentration." These words resulted in a backlash from the district governor. Katırcı said that he had covered his ears as he was suffering from vertigo and accused Akalın of being disrespectful saying: "A professional artist, who has been on stage for many years, should know that she should not address a person who has come to see her performance as 'uncle'." Next month, Akalın's house in Beykoz was robbed and 100,000 cash and some jewelry were stolen. Akalın later sued the robbers for 600,000, five of whom were sent to prison. In October, she got a role as a supporting actress on TNT's TV series Yıldız Masalı and the next month her duet with Alişan, "Melekler İmza Topluyor", was released.
In March 2012, she played in a commercial for Morhipo together with Hande Yener. As to why they accepted the advertising offer, Akalın said: "They paid us a lot, we could not say no!" In the same month, she was featured on Erdem Kınay's album Proje, performing the songs "Rota" and "Emanet". The next month she married her third husband Okan Kurt. In May, her concert in Nicosia was cut short because of a protest during which plastic bottles were thrown at the stage, and the reason for this action was stated to be due to the comments she had made in Diyarbakır back in 2008. After a while Akalın posted a message on Twitter and said: "Killers of an unborn baby! All my curses be upon those who bothered me." hinting that she had had a miscarriage due to the criticism that she had faced in the press. Her seventh studio album Giderli 16 (Break Up 16) was released in November 2012 and sold 69,000 copies in Turkey, becoming the ninth best-selling album of the year. The critics stated that Akalın had continued to repeat the style of her previous works in this album and that she was making commercial-like music to sell out the album. Ersay Üner was featured on the lead single "Yılan". The song "Türkan", which was written as a tribute to Türkan Şoray, was chosen as the Best Song at the Turkey Music Awards and the 40th Golden Butterfly Awards. After these two songs, new music videos for "Giderli Şarkılar", "Yıkıl Karşımdan" (feat. Gökhan Özen), "Kalbindeki İmza", "Sepet", "Nasip Değilmiş" (duet with Özcan Deniz) and "Felaket" were released.
From March to June 2013, Akalın served as a judge on Popstar 2013 for 13 episodes together with Bülent Ersoy, Orhan Gencebay and Serdar Ortaç. After learning that she was pregnant, she canceled ten concerts in Europe at the end of the year from which she was supposed to earn 410,000. In February 2014, Akalın gave birth to her first child, a daughter named Hira, in Istanbul, and two months later her eighth studio album Rekor (Record) was released by Seyhan Müzik. The album sold 89,000 copies, becoming the number-one best-selling album in Turkey. Akalın recorded different music videos for the songs "İlahi Adalet", "Rekor", "Koltuk", "Nefsi Müdafaa" and "Yeminim Var". Out of these songs, the first one ranked second on Turkey's official music chart, and singer Gökhan Özen was the featuring artist on the fourth one. Music critic Yavuz Hakan Tok wrote that Akalın, who claimed that she did not have any concerns over the success of this album, was in fact trying to maintain her current popularity with the release of Rekor. Tok found this album's potential of becoming a hit low compared to Akalın's previous albums. In October, she was the guest judge at Show TV's Bu Tarz Benim. In the same month, she stopped working with Seyhan Müzik, the production company with which she had worked since 2004.
2015–present: Pırlanta, Rakipsiz and Ateş
In December 2014, Akalın signed a 750,000 contract with DMC to produce a new album. In the early months of 2015 she started working on her ninth studio album; meanwhile she was featured on Emrah Karaduman's song "İntikam" and Sinan Akçıl's song "Vazgeçilmezim". In June, her new album Pırlanta (Diamond) was released, and its lead single "Ders Olsun" ranked second on Turkey's official music chart. The album itself became the best-selling album in Turkey, and sold 105,000 copies, receiving a gold certification from DMC. Following "Ders Olsun", new music videos were released for the songs "Gölge", "Çalkala", "Beş Yıl", "Pırlanta" and "Şerefime Namusuma". In the same year in August, Akalın took part in the first season of TV8's singing competition Rising Star Türkiye as a judge alongside Gülben Ergen, Fuat Güner and Mustafa Sandal.
In February 2016, Akalın was cast in a supporting role together with her husband in Osman Pazarlama. In November, her tenth studio album Rakipsiz (Unrivaled) was released and its lead single, "Hayalet", became a number-one hit on the official music chart for two weeks. On 11 September 2018, Akalın and her husband Okan Kurt divorced due to "irreconcilable differences". Their daughter's custody was given to Akalın. Akalın's house was reportedly being under the threat of confiscation due to the debts of Martaş Logistics, a company run by her husband's family. The couple later reconciled in late November 2018, but are not legally married. By the end of the year, Akalın and fellow singer Hande Yener reconciled after an 11-year feud which made them the subject of many tabloid news.
Akalın's eleventh studio album, Ateş (Fire), was released by DMC on 18 April 2019. The album's first music video, "N'apıyorsan Yap", was released on 19 April 2019, four days prior to the album's release on digital platforms. It was followed by music videos for the songs "Ağlar O Deli", "Esiyor" and "Yekten". In December 2020, Akalın launched her own cosmetic collection under the name DA.
Philanthropy
Demet Akalın donated 50,000 and 10,000 to Mehmetçik Foundation in 2016 and 2017 respectively. In 2019, she donated proceeds from her concert at the Cemil Topuzlu Open-Air Theatre to the same charity. In December 2019, Akalın together with Hande Yener and producer Polat Yağcı had a meeting with Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan. Prevention of child abuse and violence against women were among the discussed topics during the meeting.
Discography
Sebebim (1996)
Unuttum (2003)
Banane (2004)
Kusursuz 19 (2006)
Dans Et (2008)
Zirve (2010)
Giderli 16 (2012)
Rekor (2014)
Pırlanta (2015)
Rakipsiz (2016)
Ateş (2019)
Filmography
Films
Günlerden Pazar (1992)
Sensiz Olmaz (1994)
Tele Anahtar (1994)
Osman Pazarlama (2016)
TV series
Sibel (1998)
En İyi Arkadaşım (2006)
Television programs
As judge
Popstar 2013 (2013)
Bu Tarz Benim (2014) (guest judge)
Rising Star Türkiye (2015)
As presenter
Daha Ne Olsun (2007) (presented together with Alişan)
Evlilik Hayatı (2010) (presented together with Önder Bekensir)
Demet ve Alişan ile Sabah Sabah (2020–2021) (presented together with Alişan)
Gelinim Mutfakta (2021)
Commercials
References
External links
Demet Akalın on Spotify
1972 births
21st-century Turkish singers
21st-century Turkish women singers
Golden Butterfly Award winners
Living people
People from Gölcük
Turkish dance musicians
Turkish female models
Turkish people of Tatar descent
Turkish people of Laz descent
Turkish people of Bosniak descent
Turkish pop singers
Turkish women singers |
17327598 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bamyaw | Bamyaw | Bamyaw is a village in Chipwi Township in Myitkyina District in the Kachin State of north-eastern Burma.
References
Populated places in Kachin State
Chipwi Township |
17327611 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chechin | Chechin | Chechin is a village in Chipwi Township in Myitkyina District in the Kachin State of north-eastern Burma.
References
Populated places in Kachin State
Chipwi Township |
17327621 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chiglai | Chiglai | Chiglai is a village in Chipwi Township in Myitkyina District in the Kachin State of north-eastern Burma.
References
Populated places in Kachin State
Chipwi Township |
17327630 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chih-ko | Chih-ko | Chih-ko is a village in Chipwi Township in Myitkyina District in the Kachin State of north-eastern Burma.
References
Populated places in Kachin State
Chipwi Township |
20464549 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2009%20Macanese%20legislative%20election | 2009 Macanese legislative election | Legislative elections were held in Macau on 20 September 2009. The official campaign began on 5 September, and several candidates received warnings from the Electoral Affairs Commission for having begun campaign activities beforehand.
As in 2005, there are 29 seats, only 12 of which are elected by universal suffrage under the highest averages method. The rest are "elected" by the functional "constituencies" or appointed by the Chief Executive.
The pro-democracy lists
This year, there are four lists advocating universal suffrage and political reforms.
In both 2001 and 2005, the New Democratic Macau Association, also referred as the democrats by local media, received the highest number of votes. Due to the divisors (1,2,4,8,...) employed in the highest averages method, they only managed to win 2 seats on both occasions (they would have achieved 3 seats had the original d'Hondt formula been used instead). Because of this, they split into two lists, namely Associação de Próspero Macau Democrático (APMD) and Associação Novo Macau Democrático (ANMD), contesting the election with the same manifesto. Similar strategies have been used by the Democratic Party of Hong Kong in the Hong Kong legislative elections, with mixed successes. APMD is led by Antonio Ng while Au Kam San leads ANMD, which means both lists have outgoing deputies (deputados) as their leading candidates.
The democrats campaign for one man one vote for the CE in 2014 (with nominations from the 300-member election committee) and direct election with public nominations in 2019. For the AL, they suggest abolishing all indirectly elected seats in 2013 and the end of appointed seats by the CE in 2017.
Agnes Lam, a local writer and an assistant professor of the University of Macau, leads the newly formed Observatório Cívico campaigning for direct election for the chief executive (CE) in 2019 and a directly elected legislative assembly (AL) by 2023. In addition to universal suffrage, Observatório Cívico also campaigns for reforming the electoral system by introducing multiple votes. She has also spoken against self-censorship in the local media and emphasised the importance of freedom of press. Some have questioned her pro-democracy views, with her being vice president of the pro-Beijing Macao Youth Foundation.
Associação de Activismo para a Democracia, the most radical list of the four, concentrates on campaigning for universal suffrage for both CE and AL by 2019, but is less concerned about other issues. Their leading candidates were removed by the security during a CCAC (Comissariado Contra a Corrupção) rally for "clean election", which was represented by all 16 lists, after shouting slogans on stage. They only received 654 votes (0.52%) in 2005.
Ng Seng Fong's pullout
The 4th candidate of Au Kam San's list (Associação Novo Macau Democrático or ANDM), Ng Seng Fong has resigned and pulled out from the election on 16 September. A local Chinese language newspaper revealed that Ng was given a 3-year sentence in July for frauds dating back to 2005. Ng claimed that she herself did not know about the said court case and only found out about it on the internet. It is unclear how the court case carried out without her knowledge given that she commutes from Zhuhai to Macau frequently using her BIR (Macau ID card) to go through the custom. She has now filed an appeal against the decision. The police has launched an investigation into the leaks of these reports. It is claimed that only a handful of officers have access to the said records.
The pro-Beijing lists
The pro-Beijing lists can be divided into two categories, the ones with links to the business sector (especially the gaming industry) and those with traditionalist backgrounds.
This year, they turn their attention to the economic crisis which has hit the gambling industry of Macau particularly badly. União para o Desenvolvimento emphasises on the need to diversify the local economy as well as reforming labour laws. União Macau-Guangdong on the other hand campaigns for greater cooperation between Macau and mainland China. Family reunification for immigrants from mainland China is also a campaign issues for various lists.
Some of the pro-Beijing lists include political reform in their manifestos. However, they do not appear to support universal suffrage in the near future. UPP for example suggests the enlargement of election committee which would continue to elect the chief executive indirectly. AACPP and Aliança P’ra Mudança go further by claiming that Macau is "not ready" for universal suffrage.
Gaming industry
The gaming industry has a strong presence in the election. Casinos in Macau currently employ 50,000 people, it is therefore expected that at least four seats would go to candidates with links to the industry according to a study carried out by Hong Kong Baptist University. Angela Leong, the director of STDM is expected to be re-elected under the list Nova União para Desenvolvimento de Macau. Melinda Chan, the leading candidate for Aliança Pr'a Mudança, has also worked in the gaming and hotel industry. She campaigns against raising tax rates for the casinos and insists that casinos should bare no social responsibilities. Chan Meng Kam, the owner of Golden Dragon casino, together with Ung Choi Kun are running for re-election under the list Associação dos Cidadãos Unidos de Macau. They came second in 2005, but it was later revealed that their list was linked to a vote buying case for which 7 people were sent to prison.
The election commission ruled that it is illegal to display campaign materials in casinos. However, the list of Angela Leong has ignored this ruling and continued to display political posters in Grand Lisboa, a casino owned by STDM.
Macanese candidates
A unified list consisting of mainly candidates with Portuguese descent (Macanese), some born in Macau and others in Portugal, contests in this legislative election, under the name Voz Plural - Gentes de Macau. The list also has Chinese members. The platform calls for the protection of the heritage of Macau in a modern context of multiculturalism. One of the main issue they campaign for is to protect rights of foreign workers in RAEM, in bid to win votes from the sizeable Philippines and Indonesian communities. Voz Plural is the only list which campaigns in roughly equal proportions in Chinese, Portuguese and English (see below).
The top two candidates of Nova Esperança, José Pereira Coutinho and Rita Santos, are both Macanese. However, unlike Voz Plural, Nova Esperança concentrates on issues of labour rights and social issues. The outgoing deputy José Pereira Coutinho has proposed, but without success, the trade union bill twice during his time in the assembly so far.
Both lists support gradual political reforms and increasing the number of directly elected deputies in AL. However, their programs are less ambitious than the pro-democracy lists. In particular, Voz Plural does not campaign for universal suffrage according to their manifesto, due to a perception that such claim is not realistic for the next 4 years, proposing instead the increase of directly elected members from 12 to 18.
Languages
There is no restriction on the choice of language used in the campaigns. Traditionally, candidates concentrate on winning votes from the Chinese majority. With the participation of Voz Plural, more efforts are being made to translate manifestos into minority languages this year. For the first time, ANMD (and APMD) will make use of its campaign air time on the Portuguese channel of TDM. União Promotora para o Progresso (UPP) also campaigns in both Chinese and Portuguese. Associação de Apoio à Comunidade e Proximidade do Povo (AACPP), Observatório Cívico and Voz Plural all campaigns in three languages (Chinese, Portuguese and English). AACPP even sends out leaflets in Braille.
The use of Portuguese became an important election issue this year. During a debate between the two leading Macanese candidates, Casimiro Pinto and José Pereira Coutinho, organised by Ponto Final, discrimination against monoglot Portuguese was discussed. Apart from Voz Plural, Aliança Pr’a Mudança also supports multilingualism. Their education policies include promoting bilingual (Chinese and Portuguese) teaching in Macau. UPP also supports bilingualism favouring stronger ties with other lusophone trading partners.
Controversies
UPP's false start
União Promotora Para o Progresso (UPP), a list associated to the Kaifong association, has breached election regulations by distributing campaign materials outside the legal campaign period (5 to 18 September). On 20 August, Au Kam San of the ANMD made an official complaint to the electoral commission after UPP distributed leaflets on the street and published campaign advertisements with pictures of the UUP candidates in a local magazine, União Geral das Associações de Moradores de Macau. The said magazine was published with subsidies from Fundação Macau. The democrats accused Fundação Macau of financing "illegal" campaigns using public funds. However, the president of the electoral commission, Vasco Fong, ruled that the actions of UUP were due to ignorance and refused to punish the list.
Internet war
There have been reports that some candidates received malicious emails containing a virus that would delete all the data of victims' computers. Observatórico Cívico claimed that they received tens of such messages. Many rumours have been spread on various internet forums. Many accusations were made against the democrats on the CTM forums, including claims of Au Kam San's link to Falun Gong.
Smears against Kwan Tsui Hang
Anonymous posters were displayed throughout the city making false accusations against the outgoing deputy and the leader of União Para o Desenvolvimento, Kwan Tsui Hang. The posters claimed that Kwan was against government's recent cash relief scheme and would rather allocate the funds for corruption purposes. Kwan has denied all such claims. Despite having complained to the election commission, the posters continued to appear on the streets asserting people were making the wrong choice (for electing Kwan).
Ballot and Results
There are in total 16 lists, down 2 from 2005. In one form or another, 9 lists have contested in the 2005 election. The ballot order was announced on 29 July.
The election commissioner delayed the announcement of the final results after recording a large number of spoilt votes. On the first count, there were 6,539 spoilt votes, but 5,467 of them have been validated on the recount. Melinda Chan, the leading candidate of Aliança Pr'a Mudança, immediately filed a complaint against the decision arguing that according to electoral law, a tick should be put inside the designated box for the vote to be valid. On 28 September, the court of last repeal (o Tribunal de Última Instância) ruled in favour of Melinda Chan and concluded that only 41 of the original spoilt votes should be valid. The ruling does not change the overall outcome of the election with the 12 original elected deputies remaining elected, but there is a slight change in the "ranking" of the lists.
|- style="text-align:center;"
! style="background-color:#E9E9E9" class="unsortable"|
! style="background-color:#E9E9E9" class="unsortable"|
! style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:center;" |Political affiliation
! style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:right;" |Popular votes
! style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:right;" |% of Votes
! style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:right;" |Change in% of vote
! style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:right;" |Seats
! style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:right;" |Net changein seats
|-
| 4 ||style="background-color:;"| || Prosperous Democratic Macau AssociationAssociação de Próspero Macau Democrático (民主昌澳門)
| 16,424 || 11.58 || N/A || 2 || +2
|-
| 2 ||style="background-color:;"| || New HopeNova Esperança (新希望)
| 12,908 || 9.10 || +1.11 || 1 || ±0
|-
| 15 ||style="background-color:;"| || New Democratic Macau AssociationAssociação de Próspero Macau Democrático (民主昌澳門)
| 11,024 || 7.77 || -11.03 || 1 || -1
|-
| 6 ||style="background-color:;"| || Civil WatchObservatório Cívico (公民監察)
| 5,329 || 3.76 || N/A || 0 || ±0
|-
| 9 ||style="background-color:;"| || Activism for Democracy AssociationAssociação de Activismo para a Democracia (民主起動)
| 1,141 || 0.80 || N/A || 0 || ±0
|-
| 14 ||style="background-color:;"| || Plural Voices Peoples of MacauVoz Plural Gentes de Macau (齊聲建澳門)
| 905 || 0.64 || N/A || 0 || ±0
|-
| 11 ||style="background-color:;"| || Democratic Society AllianceAliança da Democracia de Sociedade (社會民主陣線)
| 256 || 0.18 || N/A || 0 || ±0
|-style="background-color:#E9E9E9"
|| || || style="text-align:left;" | Total for Pro-democracy camp
| 47,987 || 33.83 || +5.08 || 4 || +1
|-
| 7 ||style="background-color:;"| || United Citizens Association of MacauAssociação dos Cidadãos Unidos de Macau (澳門民聯協進會)
| 17,014 || 12.00 || -4.58 || 2 || ±0
|-
| 10 ||style="background-color:;"| || New Union for Macau's DevelopmentNova União para Desenvolvimento de Macau (澳門發展新連盟)
| 14,099 || 9.94 || +0.61 || 1 || ±0
|-
| 1 ||style="background-color:;"| || Macau-Guangdong UnionUnião Macau-Guangdong (澳粵同盟)
| 10,348 || 7.30 || N/A || 1 || +1
|-
| 5 ||style="background-color:;"| || Alliance for ChangeAliança Pr'a Mudança (改革創新聯盟)
| 7,857 || 5.54 || N/A || 1 || +1
|-
| 3 ||style="background-color:;"| || Union for the Progress and DevelopmentUnião Para o Progresso e Desenvolvimento (同力建設聯盟)
| 5,389 || 3.80 || N/A || 0 || ±0
|-
| 12 ||style="background-color:;"| || Union for DevelopmentUnião Para O Desenvolvimento (同心協進會)
| 22,098 || 14.88 || +1.59 || 2 || ±0
|-
| 13 ||style="background-color:;"| || Union for Promoting ProgressUnião Promotora Para o Progresso (群力促進會)
| 14,044 || 9.90 || +0.30 || 1 || -1
|-
| 16 ||style="background-color:;"| || Association for Helping the Community and Engagement with the PeopleAssociação de Apoio à Comunidade e Proximidade do Povo (親民愛群協會)
| 2,334 || 1.65 || -0.71 || 0 || ±0
|-
| 8 ||style="background-color:;"| || "Social Justice" TeamEquipa de "Justiça Social" (社會公義)
| 1,627 || 1.15 || N/A || 0 || ±0
|-style="background-color:#E9E9E9"
|| || || style="text-align:left;" | Total for Pro-establishment camp
| 93,810 || 66.16 || -5.10 || 8 || -1
|- class="unsortable"
!colspan=3 style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|Total and Turnout!!style="background-color:#E9E9E9"| 149,006 !!style="background-color:#E9E9E9"| 59.91 !!style="background-color:#E9E9E9"| +1.52 !!style="background-color:#E9E9E9"| 12 !!style="background-color:#E9E9E9"| ±0
|-
| colspan="3" style="text-align:left;" | Valid votes || 141,797 || 95.16
| style="background-color:#E9E9E9;" | || style="background-color:#E9E9E9;" | || style="background-color:#E9E9E9;" |
|-
| colspan="3" style="text-align:left;" | Invalid votes || 6,498 || 4.36
| style="background-color:#E9E9E9;" | || style="background-color:#E9E9E9;" | || style="background-color:#E9E9E9;" |
|-
| colspan="3" style="text-align:left;" | Blank votes || 711 || 0.48
| style="background-color:#E9E9E9;" | || style="background-color:#E9E9E9;" | || style="background-color:#E9E9E9;" |
|-
| colspan="3" style="text-align:left;" | Eligible voters
| 248,708
| style="background-color:#E9E9E9;" | || style="background-color:#E9E9E9;" | || style="background-color:#E9E9E9;" | || style="background-color:#E9E9E9;" |
|-
!style="text-align:left;background-color:#E9E9E9" colspan=8|Functional constituencies and appointed members
|-
| — ||style="background-color:;"| || Macau Business Interest UnionUnião dos Interesses Empresariais de Macau(澳門僱主利益聯會) for business
| style="background-color:#E9E9E9;" | || style="background-color:#E9E9E9;" | || style="background-color:#E9E9E9;" | || 4 || ±0
|-
| — ||style="background-color:;"| || Employees Association Joint Candidature CommissionComissão Conjunta da Candidatura das Associações de Empregados(僱員團體聯合) for labor
| style="background-color:#E9E9E9;" | || style="background-color:#E9E9E9;" | || style="background-color:#E9E9E9;" | || 2 || ±0
|-
| — ||style="background-color:;"| || Macau professional Interest UnionUnião dos Interesses Profissionais de Macau(澳門專業利益聯會) for professionals
| style="background-color:#E9E9E9;" | || style="background-color:#E9E9E9;" | || style="background-color:#E9E9E9;" | || 2 || ±0
|-
| — ||style="background-color:;"| || Excellent Culture and Sports Union AssociationAssociação União Cultural e Desportiva Excelente(優裕文康聯合會) for welfare, culture, education and sport
| style="background-color:#E9E9E9;" | || style="background-color:#E9E9E9;" | || style="background-color:#E9E9E9;" | || 2 || ±0
|-
| — ||style="background-color:;"| || Members appointed by the Chief Executive
| style="background-color:#E9E9E9;" | || style="background-color:#E9E9E9;" | || style="background-color:#E9E9E9;" | || 7 || ±0
|}
The strategies of the democrats paid off, they managed to increase 1 seat which means there will be 4 pro-democracy deputies (including José Pereira Coutinho) in the new assembly. The traditionalists lost one seat despite both UPP and UPD increased their number of votes. In fact, UPD received the largest number of votes as a single list and saw the largest increase in votes. For the pro-business camp, there remain 5 deputies, 4 of which from the gaming industry. Analysts pointed out that there has not been a huge change in the make up of the AL which continues to be dominated by the pro-Beijing camp.
Candidates lists and results
Geographical constituencies (12 seats)
Voting System: Closed party-list proportional representation with the Highest averages method.
Functional constituencies (10 seats)
Nominated Members (7 seats)
Members appointed by the Chief Executive Fernando Chui Sai On
José Chui Sai Peng
Ho Sio Kam
Tommy LauVeng Seng
Dominic Sio Chi Wa
Tong Io Cheng
Tsui Wai Kwan
Vong Hin Fai
Turnout
28 polling stations were open from 9am to 9pm. A total of 149,006 (59.91% of registered voters) people voted, a record high. The regional breakdowns are as follows.
References
External links
Official results
2009 elections in China
2009 legislative
2009 in Macau |
6901035 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gathering%20of%20Israel | Gathering of Israel | The Gathering of Israel (, Kibbutz Galuyot (Biblical: Qibbuṣ Galuyoth), lit. Ingathering of the Exiles, also known as Ingathering of the Jewish diaspora) is the biblical promise of given by Moses to the people of Israel prior to their entrance into the Land of Israel (Eretz Yisrael).
During the days of the Babylonian exile, writings of the prophets Isaiah and Ezekiel encouraged the people of Israel with a promise of a future gathering of the exiles to the land of Israel. The continual hope for a return of the Israelite exiles to the land has long been a core theme of religious Judaism since the destruction of the Second Temple. Maimonides connected its materialization with the coming of the Messiah.
The gathering of the exiles in the land of Israel became the core idea of the Zionist Movement and the core idea of Israel's Scroll of Independence (Megilat Ha'atzmaut), embodied by the idea of going up, Aliyah, since the Holy Land is considered to be spiritually higher than all other land. The immigration of Jews to the land and the State of Israel, the "mass" wave of Aliyot (plural form), has been likened to the Exodus from Egypt.
Moses' promise
In the latter parts of the Book of Deuteronomy, when Moses' death was near, he prophesied about the destiny of the people of Israel. Their destiny would not be promising – curses would come upon them and they would go into exile – but when they return to their homeland later, their situation will be as good as it had been in the past, and so said Moses:
In the process of the gathering of the exiles of Israel Moses emphasizes the followings points:
The exiles "will return to the Lord, your God."
The exiles "at the end of the heavens" will also return.
The situation will be improved after the ingathering of the exiles of Israel in the land of Israel: "and He will do good to you, and He will make you more numerous than your forefathers."
Prophets' promise
The Nevi'im (Prophets) prophesying after the destruction of the First Temple had encouraged the Babylonian exiles by reiterating the words of Moses.
In chapter 11 the Book of Isaiah says (the gathering here is mentioned as being done for the "second time". What this means remains cryptic):
In chapter 29 the Book of Jeremiah says:
In chapter 20 the Book of Ezekiel says:
Benediction regarding Kibbutz Galuyot
The Jewish rabbinical sages, Chazal, included the "Benediction Regarding Kibbutz Galuyot" among the thirteen benedictions of appeal in the Amidah, the central prayer of the Jewish liturgy. It is the earliest benediction wherein an appeal is made concerning subjects relating to Jewish nationality and restoring the existence of the Hebrew nation as an independent nation, the others being Birkat HaDin ("Benediction Regarding Justice"), Bo'neh Yerushalayim ("Builder of Jerusalem"), and Birkat David ("Benediction Regarding the Davidic Dynasty").
Maimonides
In Law of Kings, Maimonides writes:
According to Maimonides, of all the assignments attributed to the messiah, the Torah attested to one: "then, the Lord, your God, will bring back your exiles", the ingathering of the exiles of Israel, a Kibbutz Galuyot. The messiah is the ingatherer of the exiles of Israel.
Other Jewish scholars
Other Jewish scholars view this differently from Maimonides. They argue that the Torah attested to a period, not a person, the period in which the People of Israel return to their homeland, the land of Israel. The act of ingathering of the exiles of Israel in the land of Israel, a Kibbutz Galuyot, will bring about the coming of the messiah, as the hand of God is in the events of the creation of the State of Israel, obviously a different reality then Maimonides depicts, though they see the writings of Maimonides as a way of learning the importance of the role of the messiah, since the Maimonides was a scholar not a prophet, and did not live up to see the event of the establishment of the State of Israel.
Zvi Yehuda Kook, one of the leaders of the Religious Zionist Movement, used to quote from the Responsa book, Yeshuot Malko, of Israel Yehosha of kutna, in conjunction with Aliyah (10:66): "There is no doubt that this is a greater Mitzvah (a commandment of the Torah), because the gathering is an Atchalta De'Geulah ('the beginning of the redemption'), as attested, "I will yet gather others to him, together with his gathered ones" (Isaiah, 56:8), and see Yebamoth, page 64, "the Divine Presence does not rest on less than two myriads of Israelites", especially nowadays in which we have seen the great desire inasmuch as in men of lesser importance, mediocre ones, and upright in heart, it is more than likely that we would gleam with the spirit of salvation, fortunate are the "ones who" take part in "bringing merit unto the masses"
Haredi Judaism and Chabad movement takes the writings of the Maimonides literally: The messiah is assigned to mission of completing the ingathering the exiles of Israel. Until then, the Jewish community living in Israel is defined as a Diaspora of Israel, though they give their consent to the Jewish rule of Israel, and see the advantages of it.
Terms of Jewish nationality
1. Cyrus's Declaration (538 BC), Ezra 1:3
According to the Bible, Cyrus the Great called upon the Jews to implement the ingathering of the exiles of Israel, a Kibbutz Galuyot, through his conquests, and not only to live there but also to rebuild the Temple in Jerusalem (Beit HaMikdash) that was destroyed.
2. Napoleon, in his Proclamation to the Jews of Asia and Africa (1799), implicitly suggested rebuilding the Holy Temple in Jerusalem, which had been destroyed for the second time:
The French scholar Henry Laurens holds that the proclamation never took place and that the document supposedly proving its existence is a forgery.
3. Balfour Declaration:
A formal statement of policy by the British government stating:
Zionism
The First Zionist Congress of the World Zionist Organization (WZO), assembled in Basel in August 1897 and adopted the Zionist platform, which came to be known as the Basel Program, which stipulated the following goal: "Zionism seeks to establish a homeland for the Jewish people in Eretz Israel secured by public law".
Aliyah
Aliyah Bet was the code name given to illegal immigration by Jews to Mandatory Palestine between 1920 and 1948, in violation of the restrictions laid out in the British White Paper of 1939, which dramatically increased between 1939 and 1948. Aliyah Bet was organized by the Yishuv (the Jewish settlement in the Land of Israel before Israel's establishment as a country) from 1934 until the State of Israel began in 1948.
Aliyah Bet was carried out by the Mossad Le'aliyah Bet, a branch of the Jewish Defense Association (Haganah), the paramilitary organization that was to become the Israeli Defense Force (IDF). During Aliyah Bet's 14 years of activity, 115,000 Jews made Aliyah to the Land of Israel. The British Mandate for Palestine attempted to limit the number of immigration certificates in a way which contradicted the national goals of the Jewish community living there. Aliyah Bet started only modestly in the midst of the nineteen-thirties.
The State of Israel
The idea of the ingathering of the exiles of Israel in the land of Israel (a Kibbutz Galuyot) was the basis for the establishment of the State of Israel. After the Holocaust, the United Nations General Assembly, in its decision making process on United Nations Partition Plan for Palestine, perceived this idea to be the reason for adopting the decision on a Jewish State. Expressions of yearning for the gathering of the exiles of Israel in the land of Israel can be found in the Prayer for the State of Israel, which was authored by Israel's Chief Rabbis during the first years of Israel's existence. Israel's bodies of authorities have expressed their opinion on this matter by passing the Law of Return, which granted every Jew the right to make Aliyah to the land of Israel.
Prayer for the State of Israel
The Prayer for the Welfare of the State of Israel is recited on the Sabbath and Jewish holidays in many synagogues around the world. The prayer appeals to God to bless the land of Israel, to assist its leaders, and an appeal using the words of Moses:
The prayer is commonly recited in Religious Zionist and Conservative Judaism synagogues, but generally not in Haredi synagogues.
Law of Return
The Law of Return (Hebrew: חוק השבות, Hok ha-shvut), a law passed in 1950 in memory of the Holocaust, allows every Jew the right to make Aliyah to the State of Israel and to receive a certificate of Aliyah, which grants the certificate holder an Israeli Citizenship immediately. This stems from Israel's identity as the Jewish State, which is connected to the idea of the gathering of Israel.
Yom HaAliyah
Yom HaAliyah (Aliyah Day) () is a new Israeli national holiday officially passed into law on June 21, 2016. Yom HaAliyah is to be celebrated annually on the tenth of the Hebrew month of Nisan (). The day was established to acknowledge Aliyah, immigration to the Jewish state, as a core value of the State of Israel, and honor the ongoing contributions of Olim to Israeli society.
The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
Members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints believe in the literal gathering of Israel: That all of the lost tribes will be returned and gathered together around the time of the second coming of Jesus Christ.
Members of the church receive patriarchal blessings in which their lineage is declared: They are declared as being a descendent (literal or adopted) of one of the twelve tribes of Israel. Most members of the church today are a part of the tribe of Ephraim, a fulfillment of prophecy that Ephraim would have the birthright and responsibility for helping to gather scattered Israel in the last days.
See also
References
External links
The decision on Jewish State, a National home for the Gathered Jews Knesset (government website)
Aliyah
Book of Deuteronomy
Hebrew Bible words and phrases
Jewish diaspora
Jewish eschatology |
20464555 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EQTEC | EQTEC | EQTEC PLC (formerly REACT Energy PLC and Kedco PLC) is a bioscience energy company operating in the United Kingdom and Ireland which was established in 2005.
Stock market listing
Kedco floated on the Alternative Investment Market (AIM) of the London Stock Exchange on Monday 20 October 2008. Kedco was admitted to the AIM at 17.5c per share giving the company a market capitalisation of €35 million. Share price since launch spiked at over 30 cent a share before falling over the following months and as of early May 2010 stands at 7 cent a share. The company has made significant losses since its foundation in 2005, however losses have fallen along with revenue since an investment by FBD and entry into the LSE. On 17 February 2010 the company announced that it had "been unable to secure financing on suitable terms" for a development in Newry and that it may have to "pursue alternative means of maintaining adequate cash reserves including management of its working capital position". On 10 May 2010 the company admitted that it had still not been successful in finding alternative funding and announced the appointment of external advisers to assist in this aim. The company was subsequently able to source adequate funding to meet its day to day obligations, however February 2011 saw renewed fears being expressed that the company was about to delist from the AIM. Subsequently the Chief Executive Officer resigned on 31 March 2011.
React Energy plc
At the company's AGM in November 2013 it was decided to change the company's name from Kedco PLC to REACT Energy PLC to reflect the company's changed business focus. The share price of the company has remained volatile since renaming and trading in the company's shares was briefly suspended in December 2014 amid concerns about the future viability of the company.
In 2016, Farmer Business Development plc invested in REACT to keep the project afloat.
EQTEC
In February 2017, the company was once again renamed, this time to EQTEC PLC.
Kedco
Kedco operated 2 distinct divisions targeting both Residential and Industrial client bases.
The Power division specialises in power generation from sustainable fuel sources with Kedco providing bio-science solutions to industrial clients by converting waste into an energy resource.
The Energy division supplied renewable energy heating products within Ireland, primarily to residential customers. Kedco registered with the Sustainable Energy Authority of Ireland as Wood Pellet Ireland.
Both divisions remained in operation for a period of time, however the company stated in a press release in late 2008 that "Kedco Power constitutes the main part of the company going forward". The company subsequently decided to cease supplying products to the domestic market and since 2012 it has focused exclusively on industrial energy solutions.
See also
Bioethanol
Anaerobic digestion
Wood pellets
References
Renewable energy companies of Europe
Renewable energy companies of the United Kingdom
Energy companies of the Republic of Ireland
Renewable energy in Ireland
Companies based in Cork (city)
Companies listed on the Alternative Investment Market |
17327644 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open%20textbook | Open textbook | An open textbook is a textbook licensed under an open license, and made available online to be freely used by students, teachers and members of the public. Many open textbooks are distributed in either print, e-book, or audio formats that may be downloaded or purchased at little or no cost.
Part of the broader open educational resources movement, open textbooks increasingly are seen as a solution to challenges with traditionally published textbooks, such as access and affordability concerns. Open textbooks were identified in the New Media Consortium's 2010 Horizon Report as a component of the rapidly progressing adoption of open content in higher education.
Usage rights
The defining difference between open textbooks and traditional textbooks is that the copyright permissions on open textbooks allow the public to freely use, adapt and distribute the material. Open textbooks either reside in the public domain or are released under an open license that grants usage rights to the public so long as the author is attributed.
The copyright permissions on open textbooks extend to all members of the public and cannot be rescinded. These permissions include the right to do the following:
use the textbook freely
create and distribute copies of the textbook
adapt the textbook by revising it or combining it with other materials
Some open licenses limit these rights to non-commercial use or require that adapted versions be licensed the same as the original.
Open licenses
Some examples of open licenses are:
Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY)
Creative Commons Attribution Share-Alike (CC-BY-SA)
Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial Share-Alike (CC-BY-NC-SA)
GNU Free Documentation License
Waivers of copyright that place materials in the public domain include:
Creative Commons Public Domain Tools: CC0 (if you are the copyright holder) and the Creative Commons Public Domain Mark (to be applied to works "free of known copyright restrictions")
Affordability
Open textbooks increasingly are seen as an affordable alternative to traditional textbooks in both K-12 and higher education. In both cases, open textbooks offer both dramatic up-front savings and the potential to drive down traditional textbook prices through competition.
Higher education
In the United States, textbook costs increased 88% from July 2006 to July 2016. For this reason, in 2019, students were recommended to budget at least $1,230 per year for textbooks. Overall, open textbooks have been found by the Student Public Interest Research Groups (PIRGs) to offer 80% or more savings to higher education students over traditional textbooks.
In 2010, research commissioned by the Florida state legislature pointed to the savings potential open textbooks could secure for students. Legislative reports in Texas and North Dakota also pointed to the potential of open textbook programs to secure cost savings. State-backed initiatives began in Washington, Ohio, California, and Texas. In Canada, the province of British Columbia became the first jurisdiction to have a similar open textbook program. In subsequent years, various state, provincial, national, and institutional initiatives emerged to support creation and use of open textbooks.
Open Oregon, a state-funded initiative active since 2015, indicated in an annual report that open textbooks can not only secure significant savings for students, these savings compound over time as materials are reused. For instance, Open Oregon initially offered $52,098 in funding for open textbooks in 2015. By 2019, the program estimated that students in Oregon higher education had secured $477,409.24 in savings.
Organizations supporting creation of open textbooks cite other reasons for doing so that go beyond cost savings. In 2010, the Florida state legislature pointed to "compelling academic reasons" for using open textbooks that included: "improved quality, flexibility and access to resources, interactive and active learning experiences, currency of textbook information, broader professional collaboration, and the use of teaching and learning technology to enhance educational experiences" (OATTF, p. i).
Based on survey data gathered in September 2020, Student PIRGs cited additional reasons for supporting accessible open textbooks in light of the evolving COVID-19 pandemic. They noted that, while commercial textbook prices had not continued to surge in the past year, students experiencing economic uncertainty, food shortages, and limited access to Internet were more likely to forgo or lose access to course materials. This report highlighted the economic inequalities that are further exacerbated by an educational market characterized by cost inflation and demanding technological requirements.
Research
A meta-analysis of 22 studies of 100,012 students found that there were no differences between open and commercial textbooks for learning performance. Students enrolled in courses with open textbooks had a lower withdrawal rate than students enrolled in courses in commercial textbooks. Systematic reviews of open educational resources, including open textbooks, concluded that faculty and student perceptions of the quality of open textbooks was comparable to that of commercial textbooks.
Platforms
Open textbooks and other open educational resources may be found on several platforms, typically organized by universities and non-profit organizations, such as MERLOT. The University of Minnesota Open Textbook library is coordinated through the Center for Open Education and is a repository of downloadable open textbooks. OpenStax is both a platform for locating open textbooks and an open textbook creator. Peer review is a common practice across platforms.
K–12 education
Research at Brigham Young University has produced a web-based cost comparison calculator for traditional and open K-12 textbooks. To use the calculator the inputs commercial textbook cost, planned replacement frequency, and number of annual textbook user count are required. A section is provided to input time requirements for adaptation to local needs, annual updating hours, labor rate, and an approximation of pages. The summary section applies an industry standard cost for print-on-demand of the adapted open textbook to provide a cost per student per year for both textbook options. A summed cost differential over the planned period of use is also calculated.
Milestones
Several organizations, publishers, and initiatives have taken a lead in furthering open textbook publishing, particularly in North America.
In early 2011, Connexions announced a series of two grants that would allow the platform to produce a total of 20 open textbooks ultimately distributed as the OpenStax collection. Initially funded by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, the William and Flora Hewlett Foundation, the Michelson 20MM Foundation, and the Maxfield Foundation, this project expanded over an 18-month time frame to include open textbooks for Anatomy & Physiology, Sociology, Biology, Biology for non-majors, and Physics. The second phase of the OpenStax project would produce an additional 15 titles. The most expensive part of this process was image rights clearing with cleared images becoming available for reuse in even more titles. As of June 2021, OpenStax indicates that their textbooks are in use in 60% of U.S. colleges and universities and 100 countries worldwide.
In February 2012, the Saylor Foundation sponsored an "Open Textbook Challenge", offering a $20,000 reward for newly written open textbooks or existing textbooks released under a CC-BY license.
After its launch in 2012, the BC Open Textbook Pilot went on to win many accolades for its commitment to providing open textbooks to students in British Columbia, Canada. BCcampus was tasked with coordinating the program, whose goal was to "make higher education more accessible by reducing student cost through the use of openly licensed textbooks." BCcampus' catalog of open textbooks is widely regarded as a leading source of information about existing OER in Canada. The organization has taken the lead in educating the OER community about textbook accessibility via its Accessibility Toolkit. In 2015 and 2016, BCcampus won Creative Innovation and Open Education Excellence awards from the Open Education Consortium. In 2018, it won a SPARC Innovator Award.
In 2012, David Ernst, a faculty member in the College of Education and Human Development at the University of Minnesota, founded Open Textbook Library (OTL) to help other faculty members locate and adopt open textbooks. Ernst launched traveling workshops that presented the concept of OER to faculty members and invited them to review textbooks in OTL using a pre-set rubric. In 2014, Ernst created Open Textbook Network to provide peer support to institutions looking to expand their open education initiatives. Later renamed Open Education Network, this organization had grown by June 2021 to comprise 140 members and 1,147 campuses across North America and select locations worldwide. Its initiatives came to include local workshops, a publishing cooperative, a certificate in OER Librarianship, and an annual Summer Summit. Meanwhile, Open Textbook Library had grown to 883 textbooks by June 2021.
In 2013, the Maricopa County Community College District launched the Maricopa Millions Study. The goal of this project was to "radically decrease student costs by offering LOW COST or NO COST options for course materials." The project aimed to save students $5 in five years.
In 2013, Tidewater Community College rolled out the first known degree program using exclusively zero-cost course materials. Tidewater's Associate of Science in Business Administration was known as a "Z-Degree" program, and in 2017 the college reported that the degree had garnered students $1 million in savings to date.
Based in Canada, the Rebus Foundation emerged in the 2010s to provide support for authors seeking to publish open textbooks. The foundation provides professional development, facilitates workshops, and encourages authors to connect over shared OER projects.
Also emerging in the 2010s, Pressbooks set out to provide "open-source, book production ... built around the WordPress platform." Since the platform's introduction, many institutions have built open textbook publishing efforts around Pressbooks. Some of the results may be viewed on the Pressbooks Directory. As of June 2021, more than 2,500 books had been published to the directory.
Awards
Because authors do not make money from the sale of open textbooks, many organizations have tried to use prizes or grants as financial incentives for writing open textbooks or releasing existing textbooks under open licenses. Examples of grants and awards follow.
In November 2010, Anthony Brandt was awarded an "Access to Artistic Excellence" grant from the National Endowment for the Arts for his innovative music appreciation course in Connexions. "Sound Reasoning" "takes a new approach [to teaching music appreciation]: It presents style-transcendent principles, illustrated by side-by-side examples from both traditional and contemporary music. The goal is to empower listeners to be able to listen attentively and think intelligently about any kind of music, no matter its style. Everything is listening based; no ability to read music is required." The module being completed with grant funds is entitled "Hearing Harmony". Brandt cites choosing the Connexions open content publishing platform because "it was an opportunity to present an innovative approach in an innovative format, with the musical examples interpolated directly into the text."
In December 2010, open textbook publisher Flat World Knowledge was recognized by the American Library Association's Business Reference and Services Section (ALA BRASS) by being named to the association's list of "Outstanding Business Reference Sources: The 2010 Selection of Recent Titles". The categories of business and economics open textbooks from Flat World Knowledge's catalog were selected for this award and referenced as "an innovative new vehicle for affordable (or free) online access to premier instructional resources in business and economics." Specific criteria used by the American Library Association BRASS when evaluating titles for selection were:
A resource compiled specifically to supply information on a certain subject or group of subjects in a form that will facilitate its ease of use. The works are examined for authority and reputation of the publisher, author, or editor; accuracy; appropriate bibliography; organization, comprehensiveness, and value of the content; currency and unique addition to the field; ease of use for intended purpose; quality and accuracy of indexing; and quality and usefulness of graphics and illustrations. Each year more electronic reference titles are published, and additional criteria by which these resources are evaluated include search features, stability of content, graphic design quality, and accuracy of links. Works selected are intended to be suitable for medium to large academic and public libraries.The Text and Academic Author's Association awarded a 2011 Textbook Excellence Award ("Texty") to the first open textbook to ever win such recognition in that year. A maximum of eight academic titles could earn this award each year. The title "Organizational Behavior" by Talya Bauer and Berrin Erdogan earned one of seven 2011 Textbook Excellence Awards granted. Bauer & Erdogan's "Organizational Behavior" open textbook was published by Flat World Knowledge.
Other significant honors can be found via Open Education Global—a community that presents annual awards for innovation and leadership in open education.
Instruction
Open textbooks are flexible in ways that traditional textbooks are not, which gives instructors more freedom to use them in the way that best meets their instructional needs.
One common frustration with traditional textbooks is the frequency of new editions, which force the instructor to modify the curriculum to the new book. Any open textbook can be used indefinitely, so instructors need only change editions when they think it is necessary.
Many open textbooks are licensed to allow modification. This means that instructors can add, remove or alter the content to better fit a course's needs. Furthermore, the cost of textbooks can in some cases contribute to the quality of instruction when students are not able to purchase required materials. A Florida governmental panel found after substantial consultation with educators, students, and administrators that "there are compelling academic reasons to use open access textbooks such as: improved quality, flexibility and access to resources, interactive and active learning experiences, currency of textbook information, broader professional collaboration, and the use of teaching and learning technology to enhance educational experiences." (OATTF, p. i)
Authorship
Author compensation for open textbooks works differently than traditional textbook publishing. By definition, the author of an open textbook grants the public the right to use the textbook for free, so charging for access is no longer possible. However, numerous models for supporting authors are developing. For example, a startup open textbook publisher called Flat World Knowledge pays its authors royalties on the sale of print copies and study aids. Other proposed models include grants, institutional support and advertising.
American legislation
Legislation "to authorize grants for the creation, update, or adaption of open textbooks" and assure those developed would be made available under favorable licenses was introduced into the 111th United States Congress, both in the Senate and the House of Representatives. Findings specific to open textbooks detailed in the bill text are:
The growth of the Internet has enabled the creation and sharing of open content, including open educational resources.
The U.S. President has proposed a new, significant federal investment in the creation of online open-source courses for community colleges that will make learning more accessible, adaptable, and affordable for students.
The high cost of college textbooks continues to be a barrier for many students in achieving higher education, and according to the Advisory Committee on Student Financial Assistance, 200,000 qualified students fail to enroll in college each year due to cost.
The College Board reported that for the 2007-2008 academic year an average student spent an estimated $805 to $1,229 on college books and supplies.
Making high quality open textbooks freely available to the general public could significantly lower college textbook costs and increase accessibility to such education materials.
Open textbooks can improve learning and teaching by creating course materials that are more flexible, adaptable, and accessible through the use of technology.
This legislation did not reach the floor of either chamber for debate or vote prior to the conclusion of the 111th Congress.
After this initial foray into legislation supporting OER in higher education, the U.S. Congress funded an Open Textbook Pilot Program in 2018. As of 2021, funding had been renewed every year. In 2021, $7 million was awarded to nine projects nationwide.
Industry opposition
The current higher education textbook industry has voiced stiff opposition to creation and adoption of open textbooks. The industry is represented by Bruce Hildebrand, a former senior vice president from the controversial firm Hill & Knowlton International Public Relations, who is now acting as executive director for higher education for the Association of American Publishers.
Accessibility
As institutions moved toward digital access during the COVID-19 pandemic, accessibility of course materials became a mounting concern. Specifically, accessibility for people with disabilities has been a challenge across resources including open textbooks. Web accessibility is defined by W3C as adherence to Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG). Studies have increasingly shown that open textbooks fail multiple criteria outlined in WCAG. These studies have caused the open education community to produce guides for improving the accessibility of open textbooks and OER.
Projects and Initiatives
A number of projects and initiatives around the world seek to develop, support and promote open textbooks. Two very notable advocates and supporters of open textbook and related open education projects include the William and Flora Hewlett Foundation and the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation.
Australian Open Textbook Project
The Australian Open Textbook Project is investigating the current and potential role of open textbooks in Australian higher education. The project has a particular focus on social justice and is funded by the National Centre for Student Equity in Higher Education (NCSEHE).
BCcampus
BCcampus supports online college and university education in British Columbia (BC), Canada. In 2012 BCcampus was awarded the first in a series of provincial funds from the BC Ministry of Advanced Education to support the use and development of open textbooks in British Columbia, including the creation of open textbooks in popular subjects. BCcampus provides a library of curated open textbooks and extensive support for open textbook development.
Digital Open Textbooks for Development (DOT4D)
The DOT4D project is based at The University of Cape Town and funded by the Canadian International Development Research Centre (IDRC). The project focuses on supporting the use of open textbook use in South African higher education. DOT4D has a particular focus on social justice.
eCampus Ontario
eCampus Ontario is a Canadian non-governmental organisation (NGO). It supports the use of OER and partners with higher education institutions to support the development of open textbooks. eCampus Ontario also provide a curated collection of OER, including open textbooks.
OpenStax
OpenStax (formerly Connexions and OpenStax College) was founded in 2011 and is based at Rice University. As at June 2021 OpenStax provided 61 openly licensed, curriculum aligned textbooks for universities, colleges and high schools, largely available in US English but with some textbooks available in Polish. OpenStax has charitable status and is funded from a variety of sources, including foundation funding. During 2019 it was reported that OpenStax materials were being used by half of all higher education institutions in the United States.
Open Education Network
The Open Education Network (formerly the Open Textbook Network) is based at The University of Minnesota. A membership organisation, The Open Education Network supports the use of OER in Higher Education. The associated Open Textbook Library had curated 886 open textbooks for reuse as at June 2021.
Polish Coalition for Open Education (KOED) and the Polish Government
The KOED advocates for the use of OER in Poland. The work of KOED informed the Polish Government investment in open textbooks for use in primary and secondary education during 2012 and 2013. A range of open textbooks have been developed and made available.
Siyavula
Based in South Africa, Siyavula was founded in 2007 and offers high school maths and science open textbooks. Initially funded through a Shuttleworth Foundation fellowship, the South African government provided 2.5 million print copies of Siyavula textbooks to South African high school students during 2012.
UK Open Textbooks Project
The Hewlett Foundation funded UK Open Textbooks project (2017–2018) was a collaborative pilot project investigating the applicability of two methods of open textbook adoption to the UK context.
See also
Open educational resources
Open content
Openness
California Open Source Textbook Project
Global Text
CK-12 Foundation
Free High School Science Texts
OER Commons
MIT OpenCourseWare
WikiToLearn
Wikibooks
References
External links
BC Open Textbooks
Mavs Open Press
Milne Open Textbooks
OASIS (Openly Available Sources Integrated Search)
OER Africa
Open Oregon
Open Textbook Library at the University of Minnesota
OpenStax
PDX Open
Pressbooks Directory
Textbooks |
6901053 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gae%20Aulenti | Gae Aulenti | Gaetana "Gae" Aulenti (; 4 December 1927–31 October 2012) was an Italian architect and designer who was active in furniture design, graphic design, stage design, lighting design, exhibition and interior design. She was known for her contributions to the design of important museums such as the Musée d'Orsay in Paris (in collaboration with ACT Architecture), the Contemporary Art Gallery at the Centre Pompidou in Paris, the restoration of Palazzo Grassi in Venice, and the Asian Art Museum of San Francisco (in collaboration with HOK Architects). Aulenti was one of only a few women architects and designers who gained notoriety in their own right during the post-war period in Italy, where Italian designers sought to make meaningful connections to production principles, and influenced culture far beyond Italy. This avant-garde design movement blossomed into an entirely new type of architecture and design, one full of imaginary utopias leaving standardization to the past.
Aulenti's involvement in the Milan design scene of the 1950s and 1960s formed her into an architect respected for her analytical abilities to navigate metropolitan complexity no matter the medium. Her conceptual development can be followed in the design magazine Casabella, to which she contributed regularly.
Her contemporaries were Cini Boeri, Vittorio Gregotti, Franca Helg, Giancarlo de Carlo, Aldo Rossi, and Lella Vignelli.
Early life and education
A native of Palazzolo dello Stella (Friuli), Gaetana Aulenti (Gae, as she was known, is pronounced similarly to "guy") grew up playing the piano and reading books. She studied architecture at the Milan Polytechnic University and graduated in 1954 as one of two women in a class of 20. She told The Times that she studied architecture in defiance of her parents’ hope that she would become “a nice society girl.” She soon joined the staff of Casabella, a design magazine, and joined with her peers in rejecting the architecture of masters like Le Corbusier, Mies van der Rohe and Walter Gropius. They called themselves the “Neo Liberty” movement, where they favoured traditional building methods coupled with individual stylistic expression.
Work and career
Aulenti began her career as a private-practicing architect and freelance designer out of Milan in 1954. Her architectural practice included many interior flat designs for corporate clients, including Fiat, Banca Commerciale Italiana, Pirelli, Olivetti, and Knoll International. Her freelance design work included products for Poltronova, Candle, Ideal Standard, Louis Vuitton, and Artemide, to name a few.
Branching into written publication, Aulenti joined the editorial staff at the design magazine Casabella-Continuità from 1955 until 1965 as an art director, doing graphic design work, and later served on the board of directors for the renamed Lotus International magazine (based in Milan from 1974 onwards). During that time she became part of a group of young professionals influenced by the philosophy of Ernesto Nathan Rogers.
Aulenti taught at Venice School of Architecture as an assistant instructor in architectural composition from 1960 to 1962 and at the Milan School of Architecture of the Polytechnic University from 1964 to 1967. With these experiences, she became a visiting lecturer at congresses and professional institutions in Europe and North America from 1967 onwards. She sought membership in two of them, American Society of Interior Designers, 1967, and Member of Movimento Studi per I'Architettura, Milan, 1955-61. During that time, she also designed for a department store, La Rinascente, and later designed furniture for Zanotta, where she created two of her most well known pieces, the "April" folding chair which was made from stainless steel with a removable cover, and her "Sanmarco" table constructed from plate-glass. Transitioning from teaching, Aulenti joined Luca Ronconi as a collaborator in figurative research for Laboratorio di Progettazione Teatrale out of Prato, Florence (1976–79). She then also served as vice-president of the Italian Association of Industrial Design (ADI).
In 1981, she was chosen to turn the 1900 Beaux Arts Gare d'Orsay train station, a spectacular landmark originally designed by Victor Laloux, into the Musée d’Orsay, a museum of mainly French art from 1848 to 1915. Her work on the Musée d’Orsay led to commissions to create a space for the National Museum of Modern Art at the Centre Georges Pompidou in Paris; the restoration of the Palazzo Grassi as an art museum in Venice; the conversion of an old Italian embassy in Berlin into an Academy of Science; and the restoration of a 1929 exhibition hall in Barcelona as Museu Nacional d'Art de Catalunya. In San Francisco, she transformed the city’s Beaux Art Main Library into a museum of Asian art. In 2011, Aulenti oversaw the expansion of Perugia Airport.
Aulenti also occasionally worked as a stage designer for Luca Ronconi, including for Samstag aus Licht (1984). She also planned six stores for the fashion designer Adrienne Vittadini, including one on Rodeo Drive in Los Angeles. She even designed the mannequins.
Aulenti's work in theater was highly architectural, as she saw 'the scenic box not as a container to embellish and render recognizable in the sense of something already known, but as a real space in itself".
Her career ended with over 200 built works.
Selected individual and group exhibitions
1963: Aspetti dell'Arte Contemporanea, L'Aquila, Italy
1967: Gae Aulenti, Gimbels Department Store, New York
1968: Italian Design, Hallmark Gallery, New York
1972: Italy: The New Domestic Landscape, Museum of Modern Art, New York
1979: Gae Aulenti, Padiglione d'Arte Contemporanea, Milan
1985: Le Affinità Elettive, Milan Triennal
1985: 10 Proposte per Milano, Milan Triennal
Style
Aulenti worked in the post-war period of Italy while creating pieces that spanned across a wide variety of styles and influences. She always wanted the focus of the room to be the occupants, believing people make the room a room. She had a modest style; Vogue quoted her as saying "advice to whoever asks me how to make a home is to not have anything, just a few shelves for books, some pillows to sit on. And then, to take a stand against the ephemeral, against passing trends...and to return to lasting values."
Various works
Poltronova, Sgarsul Rocking Chair, 1962
Poltronova, Locus Solus Collection, 1964
Martinelli Luce Table Lamp, 1965
Knoll, Jumbo Table, 1965
Fontana Arte, Parola Lamps, 1980
Fontana Arte, Tavalo con Route, 1980
Fontana Arte, Tour, 1993
Gaecolor Vase, 2005
Olivetti Showroom in Paris, 1965
Musee d'Orsay, 1980–1986
National Museum of Modern Art at the Centre Georges Pompidou in Paris, 1982–1985
Palazzo Grassi Renovation, 1985–1993
National Art Museum of Catalonia (MNAC) Restoration, 1990
Villa at Torrecchia Vecchia, c. 1991
Museum of Asian Art in San Francisco, 2003
Palazzo Branciforte, Palermo
Death and legacy
Aulenti died in Milan on 31 October 2012, just weeks prior to her 85th birthday. She was suffering from chronic illness and made her last public appearance on 16 October, when she received the career prize at the Milan Triennale. Aulenti is commemorated in Milan by the in December 2012, soon after her death.
A portion of Aulenti's papers, drawings, and designs including the design drawings for the Asian Art Museum in San Francisco, California are collected at International Archive of Women in Architecture in Newman Library, Virginia Tech.
Awards
At the 1964 Milan Triennial, Aulenti won the Grand International Prize for her piece in the Italian Pavilion. Her piece was a room with mirrored walls with cutout silhouettes of women inspired by Picasso. It was entitled "Arrivo al Mare". She also served on the Executive Board for the Triennial from 1977- 1980. In 1991, she was awarded the prestigious Praemium Imperiale.
Ubi Prize for Stage Design, Milan, 1980
Architecture Medal, Academie d' Architecture, Paris, 1983
Josef Hoffmann Prize, Hochschule fur Angewandte Kunst, Vienna, 1984
Chevalier de la Legion d' Honneur, France, 1987
Commandeur, Order des Artes et Letters, France, 1987
Honorary Dean of Architecture, Merchandise Mart of Chicago, 1988
Accademico Nazionale, Accademia di San Luca, Rome, 1988
Knight Grand Cross of the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic (6 december 1995)
Publications (selected)
Aulenti and others, Una Nova Scuola de Base, Milan, 1973
Aulenti, Franco Quadri and Luca Renconi, Il Laboratorio di Prato, Milan, 1981
Aulenti and others, Il Quartetto delta Maledizione, Milan, 1985
Aulenti and others, Progetto Bicocca, Milan, 1986
Aulenti, Gae Aulenti, New York, 1997
Quotes
"There are plenty of other talented female architects, but most of them seem to link up with men...I've always worked for myself, and it's been quite and education. Women in architecture must not think of themselves as a minority, because the minute you do, you become paralyzed. It is important to never create the problem." – Aulenti quoted in The Guardian's recent obituary.
"Advice to whoever asks me how to make a home is to not have anything, just a few shelves for books, some pillows to sit on. And then, to take a stand against the ephemeral, against passing trends...and to return to lasting values." – Aulenti to Vogue
"I am convinced that architecture is tied to the polis, it is an art of the city, of the foundation, and as such it is necessarily related and conditioned by the context in which it is born. Place, time, and culture create that architecture, instead of another." – Aulenti in Margherita Petranzan, Gae Aulenti, Rizzoli Skira, Milan, 2002
"It's not possible to define a style in my work. If you're designing an airport, then airplanes are important. It's no more complicated designing a museum. I prefer museums for my personal passion – the art." – Aulenti quoted in The Times
"The conscious principle in this design has been to achieve forms that could create experiences, and that could at the same time welcome everyone's experiences with the serenity of an effortless development." – Aulenti
"When you're criticized for something, it's best to wait two or three years and see." – Aulenti
"What is more real and tangible within an artificial space than brick?" - Aulenti
"Raggi: Has the fact that you are a woman been a crucial influence in your work:" Aulenti: Yes." – Aulenti in interview with Franco Raggi, "From a Great Desire to Build a City" published in Modo, no. 21, 1979.
References
Further reading
Muriel Emmanuel. Contemporary Architects. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1980. . NA680.C625. p 53.
Ruth A Peltason. 100 Contemporary Architects. New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., Publishers. . NA2700.L26. p 24.
"Design & Art: Gae Aulenti." Design & Art: Products. Web. 21 Nov. 2011. <https://web.archive.org/web/20111016072543/http://www.designandart.at/designer/gae-aulenti/>.
Davide Mosconi. "Design Italia '70" Milan 1970.
Nathan H. Shapira, "Design Processes Olivetti 1908–1978". Los Angeles, 1979.
Vittorio Gregotti, Emilio Battisti, Franco Quadri. "Gae Aulenti" exhibition catalog. Milan 1979.
Erica Brown, "Interior Views" London 1980
Eric Larrabee, Massimo Vignelli, "Knoll Design", New York 1981.
"Gae Autenti e il Museo d' Orsay" Milan 1987.
Arata Isozaki "International Design Yearbook 1988–89", London 1988.
Marc Gaillard, Oeil Magazine, November 1990.
Jeremy Myerson, "Grande Dame" article in Design Week, 14 October 1994.
"Pillow Talk" article in Design Week, 10 November 1995.
External links
Gae Aulenti Archive
Musée d'Orsay Official Website
Famous Architects. “Gae Aulenti Architect | Biography, Buildings, Projects and Facts.” Accessed October 24, 2021. https://www.famous-architects.org/gae-aulenti/.
“Gae Aulenti : Weekend House for Mrs. Brion, San Michele, Italy, 1974.” GA Houses, no. 171 (July 1, 2020): 67–69.
Rykwert, Joseph, 1926-. “Gae Aulenti’s Milan.” Architectural Digest 47, no. 1 (January 1, 1990): 92–97.
1927 births
2012 deaths
People from Palazzolo dello Stella
20th-century Italian architects
Italian interior designers
Italian women architects
Recipients of the Praemium Imperiale
20th-century Italian women
People of Apulian descent
People of Calabrian descent
People of Campanian descent
Italian furniture designers
Italian designers
Italian industrial designers
Designers
Olivetti people
Knights Grand Cross of the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic |
20464565 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mountaineer%20Militia | Mountaineer Militia | Mountaineer Militia was a local anti-government paramilitary group, members of which plotted to blow up an FBI building Clarksburg, West Virginia in 1996. The group also used the name West Virginia Mountaineer Militia, and had ties with another militias from other states.
Plot and arrest
On October 11, 1996, seven men having connections with the Mountaineer Militia, a local anti-government paramilitary group, were arrested on charges of plotting to blow up the Federal Bureau of Investigation's Criminal Justice Information Services Division in Clarksburg, West Virginia, after a 16-month investigation. The group had even considered the killing United States Senator Jay Rockefeller and Federal Reserve chairman Alan Greenspan in a "holy war" against the "tiranous" U.S. government.
While members of the group had been assembling large quantities of explosives and blasting caps, militia leader Floyd Raymond Looker obtained blueprints of the FBI facility from a Clarksburg, West Virginia firefighter. Plastic explosives were confiscated by law enforcement officials at five locations in West Virginia, Pennsylvania, and Ohio. Looker was taken into custody after arranging to sell the blueprints for $50,000 to an undercover FBI agent, whom he believed to be a representative of an international terrorist group. In 1998 Looker was sentenced to 18 years in prison. Two other defendants were sentenced on explosives charges, and the firefighter drew a year in prison for providing blueprints. The charges with those who were judge include conspiracy to manufacture explosives, transport explosives across state lines and place them near the FBI's Criminal Justice Information Services center in Clarksburg. Two of the arrested, Edward Moore and Jack Phillips, were charged for the making and dealing in explosives, including homemade nitroglycerine and C-4. Before the arrests, Moore said to Mr. Looker and the Government informer that he had perfected a homemade rocket-propelled grenade. Also, the authorities said, the group held a training practices in which they detonated an improvised explosive that left a hole two feet wide and four feet deep.
Other arrested were James R. Rogers, (40) a firefighter from Clarksburg. He is accused for the providing of 12 photographs of blueprints of the FBI complex, including plans for the underground computer center, with the objective to attack that part of the complex. The group also posted a video on the internet called "America Under Siege," alleging acts authorized by the federal government against its own people.
Convictions
On March 29, 1998, the leader Floyd "Ray" Looker was convicted and sentenced to 18 years in a federal prison. Looker (57), was among the first to be charged under a 1994 antiterrorism law that makes it a crime to provide material resources to terrorists activities. While Looker pleaded guilty to the conspiracy charges, on several occasions he mentioned that the plans and materials he had couldn't have made the attack successful. James R. Rogers, was sentenced to 10 years.
Notes
Terrorism in the United States
Paramilitary organizations based in the United States
Right-wing militia organizations in the United States
1996 in West Virginia
1995 establishments in West Virginia
1990s disestablishments in West Virginia
Organizations based in West Virginia |
20464572 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anne%20Frank%20%28disambiguation%29 | Anne Frank (disambiguation) | Anne Frank (1929–1945) was a young Jewish girl and a German-born diarist.
Anne Frank may also refer to:
Anne Frank: The Biography, a biography of Anne Frank by Melissa Müller
Anne Frank: The Diary of a Young Girl, the diary of Anne Frank
Anne Frank: The Whole Story, a television mini-series about Anne Frank by Robert Dornhelm
5535 Annefrank, an inner main-belt asteroid named after Anne Frank
See also
Ann Frank Lewis (born 1937), American political strategist |
6901054 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beat%20Generation%20%28play%29 | Beat Generation (play) | Beat Generation is a play written by Jack Kerouac upon returning home to Florida after his seminal work On the Road had been published in 1957. Gerald Nicosia, a Kerouac biographer and family friend has said that theatre producer Leo Gavin suggested that Kerouac should write a play; the outcome being Beat Generation.
It was rejected by theatre companies and was shelved in warehouse storage until being rediscovered in a New Jersey warehouse in 2005.
A part of Beat Generation went on to provide the script for the 1959 film Pull My Daisy, which starred Allen Ginsberg, Peter Orlovsky, Gregory Corso, Larry Rivers, Alice Neel, David Amram, Richard Bellamy and Delphine Seyrig. It was named after the poem "Pull My Daisy" by Kerouac, Ginsberg and Neal Cassady. Kerouac provided improvised narration to the film.
Since then excerpts have appeared in Best Life Magazine (July 2005), and the play has been published by Thunders Mouth Press. Beat Generation received its world premiere as part of the 2012 Jack Kerouac Literary Festival from October 10–14 in Kerouac's hometown of Lowell, Massachusetts. It was announced the play would be presented in a staged reading format by Merrimack Repertory Theatre and the University of Massachusetts Lowell.
References
External links
Guardian Newspaper article on the re-emergence of Beat Generation
Works by Jack Kerouac
American plays adapted into films |
6901058 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Night%20Train%20%28Jimmy%20Forrest%20composition%29 | Night Train (Jimmy Forrest composition) | "Night Train" is a twelve-bar blues instrumental standard first recorded by Jimmy Forrest in 1951.
Origins and development
"Night Train" has a long and complicated history. The piece's opening riff was first recorded in 1940 by a small group led by Duke Ellington sideman Johnny Hodges, under the title "That's the Blues, Old Man".
Ellington used the same riff as the opening and closing theme of a longer-form composition, "Happy-Go-Lucky Local", that was itself one of four parts of his Deep South Suite. Forrest was part of Ellington's band when it performed this composition, which has a long tenor saxophone break in the middle. After leaving Ellington, Forrest recorded "Night Train" on United Records and had a major rhythm & blues hit. While "Night Train" employs the same riff as the earlier recordings, it is used in a much earthier R&B setting. Forrest inserted his own solo over a stop-time rhythm not used in the Ellington composition. He put his own stamp on the tune, but its relation to the earlier composition is obvious.
Solo importance
Like Illinois Jacquet's solo on "Flying Home", Forrest's original saxophone solo on "Night Train" became a veritable part of the composition, and is usually recreated in cover versions by other performers. Buddy Morrow's trombone transcription of Forrest's solo from his big-band recording of the tune is similarly incorporated into many performances.
Broadcast Music, Inc. (BMI) credits the composition to Jimmy Forrest and Oscar Washington.
Lyrics
Several different sets of lyrics have been set to the tune of "Night Train". The earliest, written in 1952, are credited to Lewis P. Simpkins, the co-owner of United Records, and guitarist Oscar Washington. They are a typical blues lament by man who regrets treating his woman badly now that she has left him. Douglas Wolk, who describes the original lyrics as "fairly awful", suggests that Simpkins co-wrote (or had Washington write) them as a deliberate throwaway, in order to get part of the tune's songwriting credit; this entitled him to substantial share of "Night Train"'s royalties, even though it was most often performed as an instrumental without the lyrics.
Eddie Jefferson recorded a version of "Night Train" with more optimistic lyrics, about a woman returning to her man on the night train.
James Brown version
James Brown recorded "Night Train" with his band in 1961. His performance replaced the original lyrics of the song with a shouted list of cities on his East Coast touring itinerary (and hosts to black radio stations he hoped would play his music) along with many repetitions of the song's name. (Brown would repeat this lyrical formula on "Mashed Potatoes U.S.A." and several other recordings.) He also played drums on the recording. Originally appearing as a track on the album James Brown Presents His Band and Five Other Great Artists, it received a single release in 1962 and became a hit, charting #5 R&B and #35 Pop.
A live version of the tune was the closing number on Brown's 1963 album Live at the Apollo. Brown also performs "Night Train" along with his singing group the Famous Flames (Bobby Byrd, Bobby Bennett, and Lloyd Stallworth) on the 1964 motion picture/concert film The T.A.M.I. Show.
Brown's backing band the J.B.'s would later incorporate the main saxophone line of "Night Train" in their instrumental single, "All Aboard The Soul Funky Train", released on the 1975 album Hustle with Speed.
Other versions
Earl Bostic - 1952 a faster version more familiar to modern listeners which was imitated in the movie Back to the Future.
Louis Prima - 1956 on The Wildest! album.
James Brown – Live at the Apollo, 1963
Dirty Dozen Brass Band – Live: Mardi Gras in Montreux, 1986
Jimmy Forrest – 1951
Eddie Jefferson with Hamiet Bluiett – The Main Man, 1977
Art Mooney and His Orchestra, 1958
Buddy Morrow – 1952
Oscar Peterson – Night Train, 1962
Georgie Fame – Rhythm and Blues at the Flamingo, 1964
Marvin Berry & The Starlighters - 1955, performed up-tempo in the 1985 movie Back to the Future World Saxophone Quartet – Rhythm and Blues, 1988
Christian McBride – For Jimmy, Wes and Oliver'', 2020
See also
List of train songs
References
External links
[ Song Review] of the James Brown version from Allmusic
1950s jazz standards
1951 songs
1950s instrumentals
James Brown songs
The Kingsmen songs |
6901059 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tampa%20Union%20Station | Tampa Union Station | Tampa Union Station (TUS) is a historic train station in Tampa, Florida. It was designed by Joseph F. Leitner and was opened on May 15, 1912, by the Tampa Union Station Company. Its original purpose was to combine passenger operations for the Atlantic Coast Line, the Seaboard Air Line and the Tampa Northern Railroad at a single site. The station is located at 601 North Nebraska Avenue (SR 45).
In 1974, as Union Railroad Station, Tampa Union Station was added to the U.S. National Register of Historic Places and in 1988 it received local landmark status from the City of Tampa. After its condition deteriorated substantially, Tampa Union Station was closed in 1984; Amtrak passengers used a temporary prefabricated station building (nicknamed an "Amshack") located adjacent to the station platforms after the building was closed.
Tampa Union Station was restored and reopened to the public in 1998. Today it operates as an Amtrak station for the Silver Star line. It also provides Amtrak Thruway Motorcoach services to Orlando, Lakeland, Pinellas Park-St. Petersburg, Bradenton, Sarasota, Port Charlotte and Fort Myers.
Presently, when the Silver Star leaves Tampa, it reverses direction and retraces its path east to Lakeland before continuing to Miami or New York. When traveling either northbound or southbound, the train uses a wye to back into the stub-ended station and departs with the train pointing away from the depot.
Design
The station was originally built with eight tracks, although only one is in regular use today (designated as "Track 3"), with adjacent Track 2 also available for use by trains as needed. Amtrak added a new, high-level platform and canopy to Track 3 to improve accessibility, which opened in November 2020. The construction of the new platform resulted in changes to track configurations at the station. Tracks 4, 5, and 6 were removed to facilitate the construction of the high-level platform, although there are plans to restore them in the future if demand warrants. Although some of the other tracks remain in place, they are out of service. Original track bumpers, constructed of poured concrete, are still located at the ends of several of the remaining tracks and at the ends of former tracks. Adjacent to each of these bumpers are concrete planters which have "TUS" cast into them.
Union Station consists of the main building which includes the waiting room, as well as an attached restaurant and baggage building. A detached express building located adjacent to the baggage building handled packages and freight transfers from trains to trucks (all structures remain on site with the exception of the express building, which was demolished in the 1970s).
At its opening, Union Station's waiting room was segregated (during the Jim Crow era, a wall across the center of the waiting room divided "white" and "colored" passengers, with separate entrances for each). Segregation remained a common practice in railroad stations in the South until it was stricken down by the Interstate Commerce Commission as a result of NAACP v. St. Louis-San Francisco Railway Company in 1955. However, like many train stations in the South, Tampa Union Station remained segregated to an extent even after the Interstate Commerce Commission's order. Passengers of intrastate trains were still bound by Jim Crow laws. During January 1956, the Tampa Times photographed signage at Union Station wherein the word "Intrastate" had been added beneath the old signage above the entrance to the so-called "colored" side of the waiting room. Full desegregation would not come until later. In fact, the Florida statute providing for segregation on railroads remained a law on the books as late as 1967, although by then the practice had fallen into disuse.
A train wash and car repair facility are also on the property. Both of these elements were added by Amtrak in the 1980s when Amtrak formerly maintained a Tampa maintenance base. However, both are largely unused today.
Ownership and management
The City of Tampa's Real Estate Division manages Tampa Union Station for the city. The Division has leased portions of the facility to private tenants, including a second floor office once occupied by the Pullman Company. Part of the former baggage building—which once housed the station's restaurant—is leased to a local real estate firm. Another portion of the baggage building (including the baggage storage and scale area) was leased to art gallery Flight 19 from 2004 to 2008, although it is currently vacant.
In September 2008, a permanent endowment for the care and upkeep of Tampa Union Station was established at the Community Foundation of Tampa Bay by a group of private donors. Income from the endowment goes to the City of Tampa to assist with the maintenance of the facility. Fundraising efforts for the endowment are on an ongoing basis.
Additionally, 2008 saw the founding of Friends of Tampa Union Station, an all volunteer, nonprofit organization which advocates for the preservation and use of Tampa Union Station as both a landmark and transportation asset. The group was founded in cooperation with the City of Tampa and the Florida Coalition of Rail Passengers.
Restoration
Tampa Union Station was acquired in 1991 by the nonprofit Tampa Union Station Preservation & Redevelopment Inc. (TUSP&R) via a mortgage held by CSX, the freight railroad company which was the corporate descendant of its original railroad owners. TUSP&R raised over US$4 million for the building's restoration through grants and loans from sources including the Florida Department of Transportation (ISTEA funds), the City of Tampa (grant funds) and the National Trust for Historic Preservation (no interest loan). At the completion of the restoration by Rowe Architects Incorporated in 1998, the station reopened to Amtrak passengers and the public. CSX donated the station to the City of Tampa that same year.
During the course of the restoration, numerous abandoned documents from the Pullman Company, Tampa Union Station Company, and the Seaboard Air Line Railroad were discovered in the station. TUSP&R volunteers sorted these documents and preserved them by archiving them at the University of South Florida Library (USF) Special Collections Department and (in the case of the Pullman Company materials), the Newberry Library in Chicago.
Tributes
The City of Tampa's official Poet Laureate, James E. Tokley Sr., in 2009 authored a poem, "The Epic of Union Station" which commemorates Tampa Union Station's history. Mr. Tokley performed a dramatic reading of the poem at Union Station on May 9, 2009, as part of National Train Day festivities held at the station on that day.
On May 12, 2012, on the occasion of the station's Centennial celebration and National Train Day, Tampa Union Station was officially added to the National Register of Historic Railroad Landmarks by the National Railway Historical Society (NRHS). Officials of the NRHS presented a commemorative plaque to the station at the event which notes this designation.
Friends of Tampa Union Station remains active and the station continues to host a Friends group-organized Train Day event in May of each year.
Connections
Amtrak Thruway Motorcoach
Hillsborough Area Regional Transit; #2, #9, & #12.
See also
Transportation in Florida
Bibliography
McQuigg, Jackson. Tampa Union Station. Dover, NH: Arcadia Publishing, 1998.
Hillsborough County listings at National Register of Historic Places
Florida's Office of Cultural and Historical Programs
Hillsborough County listings
Hillsborough County markers
References
External links
Friends of Tampa Union Station
Tampa Union Station (USA RailGuide -- TrainWeb)
Tampa Union Station on The Historical Markers Database
TampaGov: Tampa Union Station
Tampa Union Station Records at the University of South Florida
Tampa
Tampa
Railway stations in the United States opened in 1912
Tampa
Transportation in Tampa, Florida
Tampa
Amtrak Thruway Motorcoach stations in Florida
History of Tampa, Florida
Railway stations on the National Register of Historic Places in Florida
Union Station
1912 establishments in Florida
Transportation buildings and structures in Hillsborough County, Florida |
17327662 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Block%20Island%20North%20Light | Block Island North Light | Block Island North Light (Lighthouse), built in 1867, is a historic lighthouse on Block Island, Rhode Island (New Shoreham).
History
The first light on the site was built in 1829. The current structure at Sandy Point is the fourth lighthouse built on the site and was made of granite and iron in 1867. The light was deactivated in 1973 and United States Fish and Wildlife Service acquired the lighthouse. The lighthouse was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.
After years of neglect, the lighthouse, along with two acres of land, was sold to New Shoreham in 1984 for $1 USD. Following much renovation by the North Light Commission, it was relighted in 1989, and a museum opened on the first floor in 1993. Then, in 2008 the light underwent restoration at Georgetown Ironworks in Massachusetts and was returned in 2009. Finally, on 23 October 2010, a relighting ceremony took place.
Structure
The building is made of brown granite. The tower is octagonal in shape, in height, and provides a focal plane height of . It contains a fourth-order Fresnel lens, which flashes white light every five seconds, and has a range of . The lighthouse does not have a foghorn.
A wind generator and solar panels provide much of the power for the building.
See also
Block Island Southeast Light
National Register of Historic Places listings in Washington County, Rhode Island
References
External links
Lighthouse pics and info
Lighthouse Friend information and photos
Lighthouses in Washington County, Rhode Island
Lighthouse museums in Rhode Island
Museums in Washington County, Rhode Island
New Shoreham, Rhode Island
Lighthouses completed in 1867
Lighthouses on the National Register of Historic Places in Rhode Island
National Register of Historic Places in Washington County, Rhode Island
1867 establishments in Rhode Island |
17327666 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M43%20motorway%20%28Hungary%29 | M43 motorway (Hungary) | The M43 motorway () is a Hungarian motorway that runs from the junction with the M5 Motorway west of Szeged to the Romanian border at Nagylak via Makó. Since 2015 it connects Hungary with Romania as the first border crossing on a motorway between the two countries.
Openings timeline
1: Szeged; M5 – Szeged-north (3 km): 2005.12.10.
2/A: Szeged-north – Szeged-Sándorfalva (4.4 km): 2010.04.01.
2/B: Szeged-Sándorfalva – Szeged-Hódmezővásárhely (3.3 km): 2010.10.07.
2/C: Szeged-Hódmezővásárhely – Makó (23.9 km): 2011.04.09.
3: Makó – Csanádpalota ( border) (23.1 km): 2015.07.11.
Junctions, exits and rest area
The route is full length motorway. The maximum speed limit is 130km/h, with (2x2 lane road with stop lane).
Maintenance
The operation and maintenance of the road by Hungarian Public Road Nonprofit Pte Ltd Co. This activity is provided by this highway engineer.
near Makó, kilometre trench 35
Payment
From February 1, 2016, the M43 motorway is fully charged. The motorway can be used instead of the national sticker with the following county stickers:
European Route(s)
Significant artifacts
Bridge
Ferenc Móra Bridge (; ) over Tisza river
See also
Roads in Hungary
Transport in Hungary
International E-road network
External links
National Toll Payment Services Plc. (in Hungarian, some information also in English)
Hungarian Public Road Non-Profit Ltd. (Magyar Közút Nonprofit Zrt.)
National Infrastructure Developer Ltd.
43 |
17327674 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verba%20%28surname%29 | Verba (surname) | Verba is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Ross Verba (born 1973), American football player
Sidney Verba (1932–2019), American academic
See also |
6901066 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%20Don%27t%20Know%20How%20to%20Love%20Him | I Don't Know How to Love Him | "I Don't Know How to Love Him" is a song from the 1970 album and 1971 rock opera Jesus Christ Superstar written by Andrew Lloyd Webber (music) and Tim Rice (lyrics), a torch ballad sung by the character of Mary Magdalene. In the opera she is presented as bearing an unrequited love for the title character. The song has been much recorded, with "I Don't Know How to Love Him" being one of the rare songs to have had two concurrent recordings reach the top 40 of the Hot 100 chart in Billboard magazine, specifically those by Helen Reddy and Yvonne Elliman, since the 1950s when multi-version chartings were common.
Composition/original recording (Yvonne Elliman)
"I Don't Know How to Love Him" had originally been published with different lyrics in the autumn of 1967, the original title being "Kansas Morning". The melody's main theme has come under some scrutiny for being non-original, being compared to a theme from Mendelssohn's Violin Concerto in E Minor. In December 1969 and January 1970, when Andrew Lloyd Webber and Tim Rice completed Jesus Christ Superstar, Rice wrote new lyrics to the tune of "Kansas Morning" to provide the solo number for the character of Mary Magdalene (Rice and Webber's agent David Land would purchase the rights to "Kansas Morning" back from Southern Music for £50).
Now entitled "I Don't Know How to Love Him", the song was recorded by Yvonne Elliman and completed between March and July 1970. When first presented with "I Don't Know How to Love Him", Elliman had been puzzled by the romantic nature of the lyrics, as she had been under the impression that the Mary she'd been recruited to portray was Jesus's mother.
Recorded in one take at Olympic Studios in June 1970, "I Don't Know How to Love Him" has been universally acclaimed as the high point of the Jesus Christ Superstar soundtrack since the album's September 1970 release; in 2003 The Rough Guide to Cult Pop would assess Elliman's performance: "It's rare to hear a singer combine such power and purity of tone in one song, and none of the famous singers who have covered this ballad since have come close."
The choice for the first single release went, however, to the track "Superstar" by Murray Head. When a cover of "I Don't Know How to Love Him" by Helen Reddy began moving up the charts in the spring of 1971 the original track by Yvonne Elliman was issued as a single to reach No. 28, although Reddy's version was more successful at No. 13. Both versions did moderately well on the Adult Contemporary chart, with Reddy's at No. 12 and Elliman's at No. 15 Despite the difference in chart success,Cash Box considered Elliman's version to be the stronger version of the song. In early 1972, Elliman's "I Don't Know How to Love Him" was issued in the UK on a double A-side single with Murray Head's "Superstar"; with this release Elliman faced competition with a cover of "I Don't Know How to Love Him" by Petula Clark, but neither version became a major hit, Elliman's reaching No. 47 and Clark's No. 47. Tim Rice produced several additional tracks for Elliman to complete her debut album.
Elliman performed "I Don't Know How to Love Him" when she played the Mary Magdalene role first in the Broadway production of Jesus Christ Superstar, which opened at the Mark Hellinger Theatre 12 October 1971, and then in the movie version, her respective renderings being featured on both the Broadway cast album and the soundtrack album for the film. Her version of "I Don't Know How to Love Him" from the movie soundtrack gave Elliman a hit in Italy (#21) in 1974. Elliman has also performed "I Don't Know How to Love Him" when revisiting her Mary Magdalene role, first at a Jesus Christ Superstar concert by the University of Texas at El Paso Dinner Theatre staged 14 April 2003, and then for a live-in-concert one-night only performance of Jesus Christ Superstar on 13 August 2006 at the Ricardo Montalban Theater in Los Angeles.
Chart history
Subsequent show tune renditions in English
Melanie C version
Onstage
English singer Melanie C performed "I Don't Know How to Love Him" in the role of Mary Magdalene during the Jesus Christ Superstar Live Arena Tour which had its initial UK run in September - October 2012 also playing the O2 Dublin 12 October 2012, followed first by an Australian tour in May - June 2013 and then an encore UK run in October 2012. Melanie C had debuted her performance of "I Don't Know How to Love Him" on 25 July 2012 when she sang the song to Andrew Lloyd Webber's piano accompaniment on the final of the reality-TV talent show Superstar broadcast by ITV. The Adelaide Now review of the ...Live Arena Tours 4 June 2012 performance at the Adelaide Entertainment Centre stated: "Melanie C absolutely blitzes her big number 'I Don't Know How To Love Him' bringing a more raw rock edge to the bridge before hitting the final big notes right out of the arena."
Recording
Melanie C made a studio recording of "I Don't Know How to Love Him" for her 9 September 2012 album Stages, a show tune album produced by the singer's longtime collaborator Peter-John Vettese from which "I Don't Know How to Love Him" had been issued in digital download format as a preview to rank after its first week of release at #20 on the UK Independent Singles Chart.
Track listings
Digital download "Don't Know How To Love Him" – 5:18
Charts
Credits and personnel
Credits for the album version of "I Don't Know How To Love Him".
Andrew Lloyd Webber – songwriter
Tim Rice – songwriter
Peter-John Vettese – producer
Mark 'Tufty' Evans – engineer
Tony Cousins – mastering
Ian Ross – art designer
Tim Bret-Day – photographer
Release history
Other renditions as a show tune in English
Other singers who have performed "I Don't Know How to Love Him" in the role of Mary Magdalene onstage in productions of Jesus Christ Superstar (referred to as JCS), and/or as a show tune, include:1970s/ 1980s onstage in JCS:
Linda Nichols in the first US national tour which played the Hollywood Bowl in August 1971; Nichols reprised the role in a four-city tour (Atlanta/ Dallas/ Sacramento/ St. Louis) in 1985
Michele Fawdon who originated the role in Australia in 1972
Marta Heflin in the Broadway production at the Mark Hellinger Theater from 17 April 1972
Heather MacRae in the second US national tour which played the Universal Studios Amphitheatre in July 1972
Dana Gillespie in the original London production at the Palace Theatre which opened 9 August 1972, and on the subsequent UK tour
Emma Angeline Butler in the Gaiety Theatre, Dublin, production which opened March 1973
Marcia Hines, who in the summer of 1973 took over from Fawdon as Mary Magdalene in Australia, reprising the role in 1975 and 1978
Judy Kaye at the Oakdale Theater, Wallingford CT, in 1972, at the Music Circus, Sacramento, in June 1975, and at the Paper Mill Playhouse in 1977
Barbara Niles in the first Broadway revival which opened at the Longacre Theater 23 November 1977
Siobhan McCarthy at the Palace Theater (West End) from 1979
Beth Leavel in the UNCG Summer Theater Repertory production in June 1979
Nicolette Larson at the Starlight Theater, Kansas City, MO, in August 1984
Kim Criswell at the Paper Mill Playhouse in 1988
The renditions of "I Don't Know How to Love Him" by Michele Fawdon and Dana Gillespie were respectively featured on the Australian and London cast albums of JCS, both released in 1972. Marcia Hines' version appears on her 1978 Live Across Australia album.1990s onstage in JCS:
LaChanze at the Walnut Street Theater, Philadelphia, over the Christmas season of 1991
Kate Ceberano in the 1992 Australian national tour
Janika Sillamaa in 1992 at the Linnahall, Tallinn
Irene Cara in the first months of Landmark Entertainment Group US national tour 1992-93
Margaret Urlich in a New Zealand concert production in 1993
Emily Saliers in the Jesus Christ Superstar: a Resurrection production which played Atlanta, Austin and Seattle in 1994
Syreeta Wright in the Landmark Entertainment Group US national tour as of October 1993
Joanna Ampil in the London revival at the Lyceum Theatre which opened 19 November 1996
Golda Rosheuval in a seven-city UK tour 1998-99
The renditions of "I Don't Know How to Love Him" by Kate Ceberano (1992), Margaret Urlich (1993), Emily Saliers (1994), and Joanna Ampil (1996) all appear on the cast albums of their respective productions, with the cast album tracks by Kate Ceberano and Margaret Urlich released as singles in, respectively, Australia and New Zealand charting at respectively No. 38 and No. 44. In 1992 Claire Moore sang "I Don't Know How to Love Him" on a 20th Anniversary re-recording of the JCS soundtrack.
Frances Ruffelle sang "I Don't Know How to Love Him" when she performed as Mary Magdalene in a studio cast album of JCS broadcast on BBC Radio 2 on 19 October 1996. Also in 1996 Issy Van Randwyck performed "I Don't Know How to Love Him" on a recording of JCS produced for Jay Records. Janika Sillamaa recorded "I Don't Know How to Love Him" for her 1993 album Lootus; the rendition recorded by Kim Criswell for her 1999 album Back to Before is included on the 2002 compilation album The Essential Songs of Andrew Lloyd-Webber.
In 1999 JCS was filmed by Andrew Lloyd Webber's RUG company with Renee Castle singing "I Don't Know How to Love Him" as Mary Magdalene; released in the UK 16 October 2000 and internationally over the next six months, the RUG production of JCS had its cast album given a parallel release with the video and DVD editions of the film in March 2001, with the film being broadcast by PBS as a Great Performances segment over Eastertide of 2001.2000s onstage in JCS:
Maya Days in the 2000 Broadway revival which opened at the Ford Center for the Performing Arts that 16 April
Amii Stewart at the Teatro Olimpico, Rome, over the Easter season of 2000 in the concluding engagement of a seven-city Italian tour
Olivia Cinquemani (it) in the final performance of the Eastertide 2000 engagement at the Teatro Olimpico and subsequently at the Teatro Nazionale, Milan, in that autumn; Bituin Escalante in the GSIS Theater, Manila, production which opened 23 March 2000
Sonja Richter in the Østre Gasværk, Østerbro, production which opened 23 February 2002
Arlene Wilkes (no) in the Agder Teater, Kristiansand, production which opened 13 July 2002
Natalie Toro in the 2004 US national tour;
Liisi Koikson (et) at the Vanemuine, Tartu, in June 2004
Kerry Ellis in a concert production at Portchester Castle in Fareham 11 July 2004
Candida Mosoma in the South African production which opened 12 April 2006 at Theater on the Bay, Cape Town, with Mosoma reprising her role when the production played the Badminton Theater, Athens, over Eastertide 2007.
In the 2 September 2006 episode of How Do You Solve a Problem like Maria?, potential eliminees Helena Blackman and Leanne Dobinson sang a joint version of "I Don't Know How to Love Him" for Andrew Lloyd Webber, who elected to "save" Blackman.2010 -''' onstage in JCS:
Naomi Price in the Harvest Rain Theatre Company production of August 2010 and in its August 2011 reprise
Nádine in the South African production which opened 12 May 2011 at the Artscape Opera House, Cape Town
Jennifer Paz in the Village Theatre, Seattle, revival which opened 11 May 2011
Chilina Kennedy in the Stratford Festival revival which opened 16 May 2011 and, after an interim La Jolla Playhouse run, opened at the Neil Simon Theatre on Broadway 22 March 2012
Ivana Vaňková (cs) in the Brno City Theatre production at the Mediterranean Conference Centre, Valletta, in April 2014
Mari Haugen Smistad (no) in the Lørenskog Hus, Akershus, production which opened 10 October 2014
Patricia Meeden (de) in the Theater Bonn Operhaus production which opened 13 October 2014 (at some performances the song was sung by Mary Magdalene alternate Dionne Wudu)
Julia Deans in the Auckland Theatre Company production which opened 1 November 2014 at the Rangatira auditorium in the Q Theater
Rachel Adedeji in the tour of the British Isles from 21 January 2015
Nadine Beiler in a concert staging at the Raimund Theater, Mariahilf, from 27 March 2015
Maria Ylipää can be heard singing "I Don't Know How to Love Him" on the recording made of the concert production of JCS which had a three-night run 25–27 August 2011 at Sibelius Hall in Lahti, Finland, Ylipää playing the role of Mary Magdalene in that production made under the auspices of the Lahti Symphony Orchestra. Saara Aalto sang "I Don't Know How to Love Him" when she assumed the role of Mary Magdalene in a reprise of the Lahti Symphony Orchestra's concert production of JCS, which had a three-night run 22–24 August 2012.
Renée van Wegberg (nl) sang "I Don't Know How to Love Him" in the role of Mary Magdalene in a concert version of JCS presented 25 March 2013 at the Beatrix Theater in Utrecht, and again in a concert production at the DeLaMar (Amsterdam) 17 March 2015. On 16 March 2015 the DeLaMar had presented a concert version of JCS featuring Willemijn Verkaik singing "I Don't Know How to Love Him" in the role of Mary Magdalene.
Other singers with theatrical associations who have recorded "I Don't Know How to Love Him" include (with parent album) Elaine Paige (Stages – 1983; also Elaine Paige Live – 2009), Barbara Dickson (Ovation: Best of Andrew Lloyd Webber – 1985), Stephanie Lawrence (The Love Songs of Andrew Lloyd Webber – 1988), Titti Sjöblom (Special -1989), Marti Webb (The Magic From the Musicals – 1991), Fiona Hendley (The Andrew Lloyd Webber Collection – 1991), Sarah Brightman (Sarah Brightman Sings the Music of Andrew Lloyd Webber – 1992), Julia McKenzie (The Musicals Album – 1992), Lea Salonga (The Broadway Concert – 1992), Twiggy (London Pride: songs from the London stage - 1996), and Ruthie Henshall (non-album cut - 2011). Also Helena Vondráčková, who had recorded the Czech rendering "Já, Máří Magdaléna" for her 1993 showtune album Broadway, recorded "I Don't know How to Love Him", for that album's 1994 English-language edition: The Broadway Album. Sandy Lam performed the song in the Andrew Lloyd Webber: Masterpiece: Live From the Great Hall of the People, Beijing televised concert in 2001; her rendering is featured on the soundtrack album. Gemma Arterton performed "I Don't Know How to Love Him" 8 July 2014 at the Tim Rice: a life in song gala at the Royal Festival Hall which was filmed for broadcast by BBC Two on Christmas Day 2014. Sonia, who performed "I Don't Know How to Love Him" in the 1997 UK tour of the What a Feeling nostalgiac revue, recorded her version for the show's soundtrack album. Also Bonnie Tyler was recruited to record "I Don't Know How to Love Him" for the 2007 album Over the Rainbow – Show Tunes in Aid of the Association of Children's Hospices. Sara Bareilles performed "I Don't Know How to Love Him" during the live musical television special, Jesus Christ Superstar Live in Concert, on NBC on 1 April 2018.
Non-theatrical versions
Helen Reddy version
Upon the release of the original Jesus Christ Superstar album Capitol Records executive Artie Mogull heard the potential for a smash hit in the track "I Don't Know How to Love Him" and had pitched the song to Linda Ronstadt, then on the Capitol roster; after Ronstadt advised Mogull: "she hated the song, [saying] it was terrible" Mogull invited the then-unknown Helen Reddy to record "I Don't Know How to Love Him" as part of a one-off single deal with Capitol. Reddy herself did not care for "I Don't Know How to Love Him" agreeing to cut the song to serve as B-side for the track she wished to record: the Mac Davis composition; "I Believe in Music" (later a hit for Gallery).
Background and recording
In her autobiography The Woman I Am, Helen Reddy states that Mogull invited her to record a single after seeing her perform on a Tonight Show episode (the guest host Flip Wilson had invited Reddy to appear; Wilson knew Reddy from the club circuit). Mogull himself attributed his interest in Reddy to the solicitations on her behalf by her then-husband and manager Jeff Wald who called Mogull three times a day for five months asking him to let Reddy cut a song. Larry Marks produced Reddy's recording of "I Don't Know How to Love Him" and "I Believe in Music" at A&M's recording studios. According to Reddy, her extreme anxiety – "I had waited years for this shot and I didn't think there would be another one" – manifested in her vocals making "I Believe in Music" ineffectual but "I Don't Know How to Love Him" convincingly plaintive, clinching the decision to make the latter the A-side of the single, released in January 1971. In a 1974 Billboard tribute to Helen Reddy, writer Cynthia Spector states "I Don't Know How to Love Him" became a hit due to the efforts of Jeff Wald "who stayed on the phone morning to night, cajoling, bullying, wheedling airplay from disk jockeys. Using $4,000 of his own money, his own telephone credit card and his American Express card to wine and dine anyone who would listen to his wife, he made the record happen."
Release
Reddy attributes the eventual success of her recording of "I Don't Know How to Love Him" to the positive listener response the track received at the first station where it was played, WDRC (AM) in Hartford, Conn. A number of the "local requests" for "I Don't Know How to Love Him" originated in Los Angeles, made by Reddy's visiting nephew—a teenage Australian actor with a penchant for different voices—and also a number of Reddy's friends, with Reddy admitting: "I may have made a call or two myself."
In April 1971 WDRC program director Charles R. Parker would relate how Reddy and Wald had visited WDRC to thank the station for its initial support of Reddy's "I Don't Know How to Love Him," with Reddy and Wald expressing how they "were more than delighted and surprised to see [the track] break on Top 40 at WDRC."
Chart impact
Reddy's recording of "I Don't Know How to Love Him" entered the national charts in March 1971 – showing in the Top Ten in Dallas and Denver that month – but its momentum was so gradual as to not effect Top 40 entry until that May; by then MCA Records had issued the original Yvonne Elliman track as a single and from 15 May 1971 to 26 June 1971 both versions were in the Top 40 with Reddy's version maintaining the upper hand peaking at No. 13 while Elliman's version peaked at No. 28. "I Don't Know How to Love Him" became Reddy's first major hit single in her native Australia, peaking at No. 2 on the Go-Set Top 40 chart for two weeks in August 1971 with an eventual ranking as the No. 8 hit for the year 1971. On Australia's Kent Music Report, the song also reached No. 2, but stayed at that position for eight consecutive weeks. The track also afforded Reddy a hit in Europe with a March 1972 peak of No. 14 in Sweden—the Swedish production of Jesus Christ Superstar had begun a record-setting run in February 1972—and an April 1972 peak of No. 23 in the Netherlands.
The success of "I Don't Know How to Love Him" led to Reddy's being signed to a long-term contract by Capitol who released her I Don't Know How to Love Him album in August 1971. The track issued as a follow-up single: a version of Van Morrison's "Crazy Love" stalled short of the Top 40 at No. 51, while the album charted with a moderate No. 100 peak; Reddy's subsequent success, however, garnered her debut album sufficient interest for it be certified as a Gold record in 1974. Also of note, the I Don't Know How to Love Him album included an initial arrangement of Reddy's signature song, "I Am Woman" which via a 1972 re-recording with a new arrangement would prove to be the vehicle to consolidate Reddy's stardom, reaching No. 1 on the Billboard Hot 100 dated 9 December 1972.
Weekly charts
Year-end charts
Other non-theatrical versions
The earliest single version of "I Don't Know How to Love Him" was that cut by Karen Wyman an artist on the roster of MCA/Decca Records the label of release for the original Jesus Christ Superstar album: Wyman's single, produced by Ken Greengrass and Peter Matz, was released in November 1970 in the US and was also released in 1970 in the UK. Introduced on her May 1971 album release One Together, Wyman's "I Don't Know How to Love Him" had reached #101 in Record World's "The Singles Chart 101–150" during a December 1970 - January 1971 eight-week tenure.
A version of "I Don't Know How to Love Him" done in medley with "Everything's Alright", also from Jesus Christ Superstar, was recorded on the Happy Tiger label by a group credited as the Kimberlys; released in January 1971 the same week as the Helen Reddy version, the Kimberleys' track received enough regional attention to reach No. 99 on the Billboard Hot 100 that March.
Dutch vocalist Bojoura had a 1971 single release of "I Don't Know How to Love Him" with the song relegated to B-side status, the single's A-side being "Everything's Alright".
The appearance of Helen Reddy's version on the Billboard Hot 100 also drew the single release of the version of "I Don't Know How to Love Him" by Petula Clark which single – produced by Johnny Harris – would be Clark's last released on Warner Brothers.
In the British Isles "I Don't Know How to Love Him" first became a hit in the Republic of Ireland where Tina & Real McCoy took it to No. 1 in December 1971. In January 1972 the version by Petula Clark was released in the UK to chart at No. 47 marking Clark's final appearance on the UK Singles chart except for the 1988 remix of her 1964 hit "Downtown". Clark's "I Don't Know How to Love Him" was to be her final single release on Pye Records. Concurrent with Clark's version, the original Yvonne Elliman track was issued as a single on a double A-side with "Superstar" by Murray Head; this single peaked at UK No. 47. Tony Hatch, who had produced Petula Clark's hit singles of the 1960s, had produced a version of "I Don't Know How to Love Him" by his then-wife Jackie Trent, which was issued as a single 5 November 1971: Hatch would later produce a rendition of the song by Julie Budd for her 1972 self-titled album. A 1972 version by Sylvie McNeill on a UK 45, United Artists UA UP35415, was released (11 August) timed for the first UK stage musical of Jesus Christ Superstar; she had actually performed it on The Benny Hill Show (original air date: 23 February 1972).
Petula Clark also recorded "I Don't Know How to Love Him" in French as "La Chanson de Marie-Madeleine" which served as the title cut for a 1972 French language album which also featured Clark's version of "I Don't Know How to Love Him". "La Chanson de Marie-Madeleine" became a chart item (#66) for Clark in Quebec in March 1972 despite being bested in France by the Anne-Marie David version from the Paris cast recording which reached No. 29.
In 1972, Cilla Black recorded the song for Day by Day with Cilla – her seventh and final studio album to be produced by George Martin. Black revealed in her 2003 autobiography What's It All About how she had worked so hard to produce the song which she loved but as her record label EMI Records were having industrial action the album was delayed a year. The singer went on to explain "Disappointed though I was, there was at least a crumb of comfort for me when Tim Rice hailed my recording as 'the definitive version'." Also in 2003, Andrew Lloyd Webber wrote for the booklet of Black's compilation album The Best of 1963–78 "Her version of 'I Don't Know How To Love Him' in my opinion stands up alongside her other great songs...". Black's original vocal was remixed for her 2009 club remixes album Cilla All Mixed Up.
Shirley Bassey recorded "I Don't Know How to Love Him" for her 1972 album release And I Love You So with the track having a single release as the B-side of the title track. Johnny Harris, who'd produced Petula Clark's version of "I Don't How to Love Him", was the producer of Bassey's And I Love You So album (Noel Rogers was credited as executive producer) and on that album's "I Don't Know How to Love Him" track Harris acted as arranger/conductor.
The earliest rendering of "I Don't Know How to Love Him" in Swedish was "Vad Gör Jag Med Min Kärlek?" introduced on the album Frida by Anni-Frid Lyngstad which was recorded from September 1970 to January 1971: the complete album track was entitled "Allting Skall Bli Bra"/"Vad Gör Jag Med Min Kärlek?" the first element referring to the Swedish rendering of the abbreviated version of "Everything's Alright" which serves as the lead-in to "Vad Gör Jag Med Min Kärlek?" ("I Don't Know How to Love Him" is performed in the stage musical Jesus Christ Superstar with an abbreviated "Everything's Alright" as prelude). "Allting Skall Bli Bra"/"Vad Gör Jag Med Min Kärlek?" had a belated single release in the spring of 1972 as follow-up to Lyngstad's hit "Min egen Stad": the single release of "Allting Skall Bli Bra"/"Vad Gör Jag Med Min Kärlek?" put Lyngstad in competition with her future ABBA co-member Agnetha Fältskog, the latter's concurrent single release "Vart Ska Min Karlek Fora" being the Swedish rendering of "I Don't Know How to Love Him" featured in the Swedish production of Jesus Christ Superstar and Faltskog having the cachet of performing as Mary Magdalena in that stage production it was her single which became the hit, besting Lyngstad's "Allting Skall Bli Bra"/"Vad Gör Jag Med Min Kärlek?" and also a cover version of "Vad Gör Jag Med Min Kärlek?" by .
"I Don't Know How to Love Him" has also been recorded (with parent album) by Madeline Bell (on multi-artist album Musical Cocktail – 1995), Debra Byrne (credited as Debbie [no surname] on multi-artist album Young Talent Time by Young Talent Team – 1973), Mary Byrne (...with Love – 2011), Chelsia Chan (Dark Side of Your Mind – 1975), Judy Collins (Amazing Grace – 1985), Dana (Everything is Beautiful - 1980), Kjerstin Dellert (entitled "Vad Gör Jag Med Min Kärlek") (Primadonna – 1977), Johnny Dorelli & Catherine Spaak (entitled "Non So Più Come Amarlo") (B-side of No. 6 Italian chart hit "Una Serata Insieme a Te" – 1973), Katja Ebstein (entitled "Wie soll ich ihn nur lieben") (Liebe – 1977), Peggy Lee (Where Did They Go? – 1971), Suzanne Lynch (Walk a Little Closer - 1973; credited as Suzanne [no surname]), Gloria Lynne (I Don't Know How to Love Him – 1976), Ginette Reno (entitled "La Chanson De Marie Madeleine") (Spécialement Pour Vous - 1976), Jeane Manson (Jeane Manson – 1993), Manuela (Songs of Love – 1971), Catherine McKinnon (Catherine McKinnon - 1976 or '77 compilation album of CBC Radio performances), (Anita Meyer (Premiere – 1987), Gitte Hænning (entitled "Jeg vil så gerne nå ham") (Gitte Hænning – 1971), (entitled "Wie soll ich ihn nur lieben") (Meisterstücke – 2001), Sinéad O'Connor (Theology – 2007), Marion Rung (entitled "Maria Magdalena" recorded 1974) (Marion, olkaa hyvä - kaikki singlet 1971-1986 – 2005), Irene Ryder (Irene - 1971), Seija Simola (entitled "Maria Magdalena") (Seija – 1972), Nancy Sinatra (Shifting Gears - 2013), Ornella Vanoni (entitled "Non So Più Come Amarlo") (single from Quei Giorni Insieme A Te – 1974), and Frances Yip (Frances Yip's Greatest Hits - 1972). Kelly Marie, who at sixteen had won four times on Opportunity Knocks singing "I Don't Know How to Love Him", recorded a disco version of the song which appears on the 2003 album Applause''.
References
External links
1970s ballads
1970 songs
1971 debut singles
English folk songs
Songs from Jesus Christ Superstar
Songs with music by Andrew Lloyd Webber
1992 singles
Yvonne Elliman songs
Helen Reddy songs
Torch songs
Decca Records singles
MCA Records singles
Capitol Records singles
Songs with lyrics by Tim Rice
Folk ballads
Sara Bareilles songs
Songs about Jesus
Cultural depictions of Mary Magdalene
Song recordings produced by Peter-John Vettese |
20464588 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2009%20Queensland%20state%20election | 2009 Queensland state election | The 2009 Queensland state election was held on 21 March 2009 to elect all 89 members of the Legislative Assembly, a unicameral parliament.
The election saw the incumbent Labor government led by Premier Anna Bligh defeat the Liberal National Party of Queensland led by Opposition Leader Lawrence Springborg, and gain a fifth consecutive term in office for her party. Bligh thus became the first female Premier of any Australian State elected in her own right.
The 2009 election marked the eighth consecutive victory of Labor in a general election since 1989, although it was out of office between 1996 and 1998 as a direct result of the 1996 Mundingburra by-election.
Key dates
Results
| colspan=7 |* The two-party preferred summary is an estimate by Antony Green using a methodology by Malcolm Mackerras.
|}
Seats changing hands
¶ Ronan Lee was elected as a member of the Labor Party in 2006, but he defected to the Greens in 2008.
One of the gains by the Liberal Nationals was the defeat of the Minister for Sustainability, Climate Change and Innovation Andrew McNamara (Hervey Bay). The Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister for Education, Training and the Arts, Bonny Barry (Aspley), was also defeated.
Date
The previous state election was held on 9 September 2006 to elect the 89 members of the Legislative Assembly. In Queensland, for the government to serve a full-term, an election will be held approximately three years following the previous election. In Queensland, Section 80 of the Electoral Act 1992 states that an election must be held on a Saturday; and that the election campaign must run for a minimum of 26 or a maximum of 56 days following the issue of the writs. Five to seven days following the issue of the writs, the electoral roll is closed, which gives voters a final opportunity to enrol or to notify the Electoral Commission of Queensland of any changes in their place of residence.
Legislative Assembly
The Labor Party, led by Premier Anna Bligh, and the LNP, led by Opposition Leader Lawrence Springborg, were the two main parties in Queensland at the election. It was the first election contested by the LNP following its creation with the merger of the National and Liberal parties. At the previous election, Labor won 59 seats, the Nationals won 17 seats, the Liberals won eight seats, One Nation won one seat, and independents won four seats. Former Labor MP Ronan Lee joined the Greens in 2008, thus becoming their parliamentary leader. Lee lost his seat at the election.
A redistribution saw Labor notionally pick up three seats. Therefore, the LNP notionally needed to pick up 22 seats rather than 20 seats to form a majority government, which equated to an unchanged uniform 8.3 percent two party preferred swing.
Former Premier Peter Beattie resigned in September 2007, which triggered the October 2007 Brisbane Central by-election.
Parties contesting the election
† Contested 2006 elections as Liberal Party (49 seats) and National Party (40) seats.
Both the Australian Labor Party and the Greens contested all 89 seats. This was the first Queensland state election in which the Greens contested every seat. The LNP contested every seat except Gladstone (held by an Independent), which they avoided for strategic reasons. A total of 397 candidates contested the election—the largest number of candidates to contest a Queensland election since 1998.
Post-election pendulum
Polling
Newspoll polling was conducted via random telephone number selection in city and country areas. Sampling sizes usually consist of around 1000 electors, with the declared margin of error at around ±3 percent.
See also
Candidates of the Queensland state election, 2009
Members of the Queensland Legislative Assembly, 2006–2009
Members of the Queensland Legislative Assembly, 2009–2012
References
External links
Electoral Commission Queensland
2009 Queensland election - Antony Green ABC
2009 elections in Australia
Elections in Queensland
2000s in Queensland
March 2009 events in Australia |
6901068 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Ice%20Break | The Ice Break | The Ice Break is an English-language opera in three acts, with music and libretto to an original scenario by Sir Michael Tippett. The opera received its premiere at the Royal Opera House, Covent Garden on 7 July 1977, conducted by Colin Davis, the dedicatee of the opera.
One meaning of the opera's title is a reference to the actual physical breaking of ice on the frozen northern rivers, signaling the advent of spring. The composer has said that the subject of the opera is "whether or not we can be reborn from the stereotypes we live in." John Warrack has noted that the work "confronts questions of stereotype on a wider scale" compared to Tippett's earlier operas, and also in a contemporary setting. Tippett himself put this line on a preface page to a published score of the opera, the opening of François Villon's Ballade des pendus::
"Brother humans who live after us, do not harden your hearts against us."
Performance history
A German translation was given at the Kiel Opera House the year following its premiere. The Opera Company of Boston staged the work in May 1979 for 3 performances, under the direction of Sarah Caldwell, in the first professional production of a Tippett opera in the USA. Covent Garden revived the opera in the same year, but was not thereafter seen until a 1990 concert production at the Henry Wood Proms in the Royal Albert Hall in 1990. A recording was made with the 1990 cast.
Birmingham Opera Company, in partnership with 45 arts and social organizations in Birmingham who provided the amateur actors to perform in the many crowd scenes in the opera, gave the second UK and third in total production of the opera, in five promenade-style performances of the opera in the B12 warehouse in the Digbeth area of central Birmingham, in April 2015. Graham Vick directed the production, with the Birmingham Opera Company Chorus and the City of Birmingham Symphony Orchestra conducted by Andrew Gourlay.
Roles
Synopsis
Prior to the action of the opera, Nadia had emigrated with her baby son, Yuri, after her husband, Lev, had been sentenced to the prison camps of Russia.
Act 1
The opera opens in an airport lounge, where Lev, a Russian dissident, arrives to join his wife, Nadia, and his son, Yuri, in the West in exile after 20 years in prison. In the airport also are Yuri's girlfriend Gayle and Gayle's friend Hannah, who are also waiting the arrival of the black athlete, Olympion, a Muhammad Ali-like character. Lev and Olympion separately arrive. Lev reunites with Nadia and Yuri, but Yuri feels distant from Lev, since he has never met his father as an adult. In the meantime, Gayle throws herself at Olympion, which angers Yuri and causes him to attack Olympion, who knocks him down. Back at home, Yuri expresses anger at his father.
Act 2
Among Olympion's fans, there are gang rivalries which crystallise into a conflict between blacks and whites. Gayle and Yuri wear masks and blend into the masked white chorus, while the same is true on the black side for Olympion and Hannah. The conflict explodes into a mob riot, and Olympion and Gayle die in the violence. Yuri is barely alive and is taken to hospital.
Act 3
Nadia, on the brink of death, asks Hannah to take care of Lev. In an interlude, the psychedelic messenger Astron has appeared, and a drugged-out crowd hails him as a saviour. Astron dismisses this and disappears. Back in the hospital, Yuri has undergone successful surgery, and is totally encased in a plaster cast. The cast is cut away, and Yuri stands. Yuri eventually embraces his father.
Recordings
Virgin Classics 7 91448-2: David Wilson-Johnson (Lev), Heather Harper (Nadia), Sanford Sylvan (Yuri), Carolann Page (Gayle), Cynthia Clarey (Hannah), Thomas Randle (Olympion), Bonaventura Bottone (Luke), Donald Maxwell (Lieutenant), Christopher Robson, Sarah Walker; London Sinfonietta Chorus; London Sinfonietta; David Atherton, conductor
References
Further reading
The Operas of Michael Tippett (English National Opera/Royal Opera Opera Guide 29), John Calder, 1985. .
Operas by Michael Tippett
English-language operas
1977 operas
Operas
Opera world premieres at the Royal Opera House |
6901076 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fergal%20Ryan | Fergal Ryan | Fergal Ryan (born 17 February 1972) is an Irish retired hurler who played as a right corner-back for the Cork senior team.
Born in Blackrock, Cork, Ryan first played competitive hurling whilst at school at Coláiste Chríost Rí. He arrived on the inter-county scene at the age of seventeen when he first linked up with the Cork minor hurling team, before later joining the under-21 side. He made his senior debut during the 1992–93 National Hurling League. Ryan went on to win one All-Ireland medal, two Munster medals and one National Hurling League medal.
As a member of the Munster inter-provincial team on a number of occasions, Ryan won one Railway Cup medal. At club level he has a three-time championship medallist with Blackrock.
His uncle, Terry Kelly, had a lengthy career with Cork and Dublin.
Throughout his career Ryan made 17 championship appearances for Cork. He retired from inter-county hurling following the conclusion of the 2002 championship.
Playing career
Club
Ryan played his club hurling with Blackrock and had several successes in his more than two-decade long career. After enjoying little success in the minor and under-21 grades, he later became a member of the Rockies senior team.
After losing the senior decider in 1998, Blackrock were back in the final once again the following year. A 3–17 to 0–8 trouncing of University College Cork gave Ryan his first championship medal.
Blackrock surrendered their championship title the following year, but bounced back and returned to the decider again in 2001. Divisional side Imokilly provided the opposition, and a 4–8 to 2–7 victory gave Ryan a second championship medal.
In 2002 Blackrock reached the championship decider for a second successive year and faced an up-and-coming Newtownshandrum. A goal by Alan Browne was the key to securing a 1–14 to 0–12 victory and a first two-in-a-row since 1979. It was Ryan's third championship medal in four seasons.
Inter-county
Ryan first came to prominence on the inter-county scene as a member of the Cork minor hurling team in 1990. He made his debut in that grade against Clare in the provincial decider. A 1–9 to 0–9 victory gave Ryan a Munster medal. The subsequent All-Ireland decider pitted Cork against Kilkenny. Trailing by ten points at half-time Cork staged a comeback to draw the game 3–14 apiece. The replay four weeks later saw Ryan's side hampered as Brian Corcoran had to withdraw due to injury. Cork were beaten on that occasion and lost 3–16 to 0–11.
Three years later in 1993 Ryan was in his last season with the Cork under-21 team. He was introduced as a substitute in the provincial decider and collected a Munster medal following a 1–18 to 3–9 defeat of Limerick.
On 4 June 1995 Ryan made his senior debut for Cork in a 2–13 to 3–9 Munster semi-final defeat by Clare.
Cork qualified for the National League decider in 1998, and a 2–14 to 0–13 win over Waterford gave Ryan a National Hurling League medal.
After a seven-year hiatus Cork claimed the provincial title in 1999. A 1–15 to 0–14 defeat of three-in-a-row hopefuls Clare gave Ryan his first Munster medal. Cork later faced Kilkenny in the All-Ireland decider on 12 September 1999. Cork trailed by 0–5 to 0–4 after a low-scoring first half. Kilkenny increased the pace after the interval, pulling into a four-point lead. Cork moved up a gear and through Deane, Ben O'Connor and Seánie McGrath Cork scored five unanswered points. Kilkenny could only manage one more score – a point from a Henry Shefflin free – and Cork held out to win by 0–13 to 0–12. It was Ryan's sole All-Ireland medal. He later won an All-Star.
Ryan won a second Munster medal in 2000 as captain of the side, as Cork retained their title following a 0–23 to 3–12 defeat of Tipperary.
Inter-provincial
Ryan was also selected for Munster in the inter-provincial series of games.
After facing defeat by Connacht in his debut season in 1999, Ryan was appointed captain of the side the following year. A 3–15 to 2–15 defeat of Leinster gave him a Railway Cup medal.
Personal life
Born in Blackrock, Ryan was educated locally at Scoil Barra Naofa Buachaillí in nearby Beaumont and later attended Coláiste Chríost Rí. It was here that his interest in Gaelic games was first developed. Ryan later worked as a sales representative with United Beverages, becoming regional manager in 2003.
Honours
Player
Blackrock
Cork Senior Hurling Championship (3): 1999, 2001, 2002
Cork
All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship (1): 1999
Munster Senior Hurling Championship (2): 1999, 2000 (c)
National Hurling League (1): 1998
Munster Under-21 Hurling Championship (1): 1993
Munster Minor Hurling Championship (1): 1990
Munster
Railway Cup (1): 2000 (c)
Manager
Blackrock
Cork Premier Senior Hurling Championship (1): 2020
References
1972 births
Living people
All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship winners
Blackrock National Hurling Club hurlers
Cork inter-county hurlers
Munster inter-provincial hurlers
People educated at Coláiste Chríost Rí |
6901101 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vero%20station | Vero station | Vero station, also known as Vero Beach station, is a historic Florida East Coast Railway train station in Vero Beach, Florida. It is located at 2336 Fourteenth Avenue.
History
Prior to the station, the railroad stop was known as mile marker 350. The station was built in 1903 as a 1-story Wood-Frame Vernacular building with shingle-sides. It was enlarged and remodeled 1916 and 1936.
Until a series of train terminations in the 1950s and early 1960s trains such as the City of Miami (from Chicago), East Coast Champion (from New York City) and the Havana Special (New York City) made stops at Vero Beach. Passenger service ended on July 31, 1968.
The station structure was bought from the Florida East Coast Railway by the Indian River County Historical Society in September 1984 for $1. In December 1984, it moved a short distance from the original location on the east side of the railway tracks on Commerce Avenue to 2336 14th Avenue west of the tracks.
On January 6, 1987, it was added to the U.S. National Register of Historic Places as the Vero Railroad Station. The building now hosts a county historical exhibit center.
References
External links
Vero Beach Railroad Station on Florida Historical Marker List
Railway stations on the National Register of Historic Places in Florida
Former Florida East Coast Railway stations
National Register of Historic Places in Indian River County, Florida
Buildings and structures in Vero Beach, Florida
Transportation buildings and structures in Indian River County, Florida
Railway stations in the United States opened in 1903 |
20464593 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamelan%20Council | Gamelan Council | The Gamelan Council – Asia-Pacific Public Health, Microfinance, and Development Centre (Gamelan Council) is an international non-governmental, non-profit initiative addressing the public health, microfinance, and international development needs of communities in, on, and around the Pacific Rim. For these purposes, the Gamelan Council views the Asia-Pacific region quite broadly in line with APEC; the jurisdictions covered are claimed to account for approximately 65% of the world's population. The Council's activities, which include conducting research, making investments, and providing education and advice, are centrally coordinated.
History
The Gamelan Council is an offshoot of the Global Consulting Group (GCG), a non-profit, non-partisan consulting firm created under the aegis of Global Student Response (GSR) and focused on supporting international development efforts which has since been disbanded. As GCG's efforts became more geographically focused on the Asia-Pacific region and thematically focused on public health and microfinance developmental issues, the Gamelan Council formed to focus specifically on these areas.
The name of the organization is a combination of the Indonesian word referring to a music ensemble, 'Gamelan', and an English word referring to a Native American, community-fostering ritual, 'Council' (the same term used to refer commonly to a group of individuals providing advice and counsel). These two terms capture the Gamelan Council's goal of harmoniously unifying the arrays of forces and ideas affecting the areas on which the Gamelan Council focuses its efforts.
Jurisdictions addressed
The Gamelan Council operates predominantly in 73 states and territories on, near, and around the Pacific Rim, including every jurisdiction with a coastline on the Pacific Ocean and several other, significant population centres adjacent to or closely linked to the Pacific Rim (e.g., India, Nepal, and Pakistan). In 2010, the Gamelan Council also commenced pilot projects in both (a) Central Asia (i.e., Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan) and (b) South America (i.e., Paraguay, Uruguay, Guyana, and Suriname) which complement its other activities centered on the Pacific Rim.
These jurisdictions are divided into three main geographic groups and are listed below, organized generally by geography (i.e., Americas from north to south; Asia from west to north and then south; and Oceania from west to east):
Key activities
The Gamelan Council focuses on three main sets of activities addressing public health, microfinance, and international development issues. These include (a) research (e.g., conducting targeted studies of trends in the public health, microfinance, and international development sectors); (b) investment (e.g., raising capital to support successful Asia-Pacific microfinance providers and assisting entrepreneurs developing new technologies addressing public health needs throughout the Asia-Pacific region); and (c) education and advice (e.g., developing seminars, providing consulting services to social entrepreneurs, and coordinating conferences on public health, microfinance, and international development in the Asia-Pacific region).
See also
Microfinance
International Development
Epidemiology
Non-governmental organization
Social entrepreneurship
APEC
Notes
External links
Gamelan Council – Asia-Pacific Microfinance, Public Health & Development Centre
Organizations established in 2005
International economic organizations
International organizations based in Asia
International organizations based in Oceania
International organizations based in Laos
Microfinance organizations
International development agencies
International finance institutions
Public health organizations
International medical and health organizations |
6901121 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Hits%20Collection%20%28video%29 | The Hits Collection (video) | The Hits Collection is a collection of music videos released in 1993 to accompany the Prince's greatest hits collection, The Hits/The B-Sides. Being a single VHS cassette/DVD, the collection is only an hour long and excludes many tracks from the audio release. Many of his biggest hits like "When Doves Cry", "Batdance", "U Got the Look", "Let's Go Crazy" and "Purple Rain" were left off the collection, while the karaoke-style video for "Sign o' the Times" was included. The collection included some of Prince's earliest videos, which are rarely seen on television.
Track listing
"Peach" (directed by Parris Patton)
"Uptown" (director unknown)
"1999" (directed by Bruce Gowers)
"Alphabet St." (directed by Patrick Epstein)
"Sign o' the Times" (directed by Bill Konersman)
"Diamonds and Pearls" (directed by Rebecca Blake)
"Controversy" (directed by Bruce Gowers)
"Dirty Mind" (director unknown)
"I Wanna Be Your Lover" (director unknown)
"Little Red Corvette" (directed by Bryan Greenberg)
"I Would Die 4 U" (directed by Paul Becher)
"Raspberry Beret" (directed by Prince)
"Kiss" (directed by Rebecca Blake)
"Cream" (directed by Rebecca Blake)
"7" (directed by Sotera Tschetter)
References
External links
Review at dvd.net.au
1993 video albums
Prince (musician) video albums
Music video compilation albums |
6901126 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overture%20%28disambiguation%29 | Overture (disambiguation) | An overture is the instrumental introduction to a dramatic, choral or, occasionally, instrumental composition.
Overture may also refer to:
Companies
Overture Networks, multi-national manufacturer of networking and telecommunications equipment
Overture Films theatrical motion picture production & distribution company
Overture Services, an Internet search engine company acquired by Yahoo! in 2003
Films
Overture (1958 film), a 1958 Canadian documentary film
Overture (1965 film), a 1965 Hungarian documentary film
The Overture, a 2004 Thai musical-drama film
Music
"Overture" (Def Leppard song), the last track on Def Leppard's debut album On Through The Night (1980)
"Overture" (The Who song), a song by The Who from the 1969 rock opera Tommy
"Overture", a song from Irving Berlin's musical Annie Get Your Gun, starring Dolores Gray as Annie Oakley
"Overture", a song from Patrick Wolf's album The Magic Position (2007)
"Overture", the instrumental introduction of Rush's song "2112" from the album of the same name, released in 1976
"Overture 1928", the second track from Dream Theater's fifth studio album, Metropolis Pt. 2: Scenes From A Memory
"Overture" (Bruckner), an orchestral composition by Anton Bruckner
"Overture", a 2015 song by AJR on their album Living Room
"Overture", a 2017 song by AJR on their album The Click
”Overture”, a 2010 song by Martin O’Donnell on the soundtrack of Halo: Reach
Other uses
Overture (novel), a 2018 novel by Zlatko Topčić
Overture (video game), a 2015 action-adventure game
Overture Center, a performing arts center and art gallery in Madison, Wisconsin
Penumbra: Overture, a survival horror PC video game, the first installment of the Penumbra series by Frictional Games
Overture (software), notation software developed by Sonic Scores
Boom Overture, a supersonic jet airliner expected to be introduced around 2029
See also
Ouverture (disambiguation)
Toussaint Louverture (disambiguation) |
6901129 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur%20Mendoza | Arthur Mendoza | Arthur Mendoza is an American acting coach. He has taught in Los Angeles for 10 years and has worked with such talents as Khandi Alexander, Sasha Barrese, and John Jopson. He has performed in film and Our House and the film Deep Cover.
Education
Mendoza earned a Bachelor of Arts degree from University of California, Riverside, and an MFA from University of California, San Diego. He studied with Stella Adler for 10 years before becoming the founding principal instructor at her studio in Hollywood.
Career
Mendoza is the founder, artistic director and principal acting instructor at the Actors Circle Theatre in Los Angeles, California. He has directed productions at the Actors Circle Theatre, including The Glass Menagerie.
Mendoza coaches at the Santa Monica Playhouse, continuing his and Stella Adler's legacy of the Stanislavsky Method, finding an indirect pathway to emotional expression via physical action.
Filmography
Film
Television
References
External links
American male stage actors
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
University of California, Riverside alumni
University of California, San Diego alumni
American acting coaches
People from Loma Linda, California |
6901134 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diamonds%20and%20Pearls%20Video%20Collection | Diamonds and Pearls Video Collection | Diamonds and Pearls Video Collection is a collection of music videos compiled to accompany and further promote Prince's hit album Diamonds and Pearls. The collection was originally released in VHS format on October 6, 1992, and finally saw a DVD release on August 22, 2006 (the same release date as Prince's Ultimate collection). The collection contains videos for most of the songs on the album, with the exception of "Daddy Pop", "Walk, Don't Walk" and "Push". Two tracks included that were not on the album were "Call the Law", which was a B-side to the single release of "Money Don't Matter 2 Night" and "Dr. Feelgood", a cover version. Four of the clips were live concert performances: "Thunder", "Dr. Feelgood", "Jughead" and "Live 4 Love". The DVD release did not contain any extras from the VHS version.
Track listing
"Gett Off" (directed by Randee St. Nicholas)
"Cream" (directed by Rebecca Blake)
"Diamonds and Pearls" (directed by Rebecca Blake)
"Call the Law" (directed by Scott McCullough)
"Willing and Able" (directed by Sotera Tschetter)
"Insatiable" (directed by Randee St. Nicholas)
"Strollin'" (directed by Scott McCullough)
"Money Don't Matter 2 Night" (directed by Spike Lee, co-directed by Sotera Tschetter)
"Thunder" (live)
"Dr. Feelgood" (live)
"Jughead" (live)
"Live 4 Love" (live)
References
1992 video albums
Prince (musician) video albums
Music video compilation albums |
20464628 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bad%20Brains%20discography | Bad Brains discography | This is a comprehensive discography of Bad Brains, a Washington, D.C.-based hardcore punk band that also plays reggae and uses styles of funk and heavy metal into their music. To date, the band has released nine full-length studio albums (including an instrumental dub album), four EPs, four live recordings, one compilation album, one demo album, and more than a dozen singles.
Studio albums
Live albums
Compilation albums
Demo albums
Extended plays
Singles
Music videos
Other appearances
Let Them Eat Jellybeans! (Alternative Tentacles LP, 1981) featured the 45 version of "Pay to Cum"
New York Thrash (ROIR cassette, 1982) featured the songs "Regulator" and "Big Takeover" from Bad Brains
Rat Music for Rat People (CD Presents, 1982) (Songs "How Low Can a Punk Get?" and "You")
Pump Up the Volume Motion Picture Soundtrack (1990) (Song "Kick Out the Jams" with Henry Rollins)
H.R. appeared on the song "Without Jah, Nothin'" by P.O.D., track 13 on the 2001 album Satellite.
H.R. also appeared on the song "New Sun" on Long Beach Dub All-Stars' debut album Right Back (1999).
The band contributed the music of "Re-Ignition" to a remix of Lil Jon's "Real Nigga Roll Call".
"I Against I" appeared in the video game Matt Hoffman's Pro BMX 2 as well as EA's Skate.
"Soul Craft" was featured in the video game Backyard Wrestling 2.
"Banned in D.C." appeared in the video game Tony Hawk's Proving Ground.
"Banned in D.C." also appeared in the video game Saints Row.
"Right Brigade" appeared in the video game Grand Theft Auto IV.
A considerable part of the punk documentary American Hardcore (2006) is devoted to Bad Brains.
H.R. and Darryl Jenifer contributed to "Riya" on rapper Ill Bill's album The Hour of Reprisal.
"Re-Ignition" is heavily sampled on drum and bass producer Hive's "Ultrasonic Sound."
References
External links
Entry at 45cat.com
Punk rock group discographies
Reggae discographies
Discographies of American artists
Discography
Heavy metal group discographies |
6901140 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HMAS%20Ipswich | HMAS Ipswich | Two ships of the Royal Australian Navy (RAN) have been named HMAS Ipswich, for the city of Ipswich, Queensland.
, a Bathurst-class corvette launched in 1941 and transferred to the Royal Netherlands Navy in 1946
, a Fremantle-class patrol boat which entered service in 1982 and was decommissioned in 2007
Battle honours
Ships named HMAS Ipswich are entitled to carry five battle honours:
Pacific 1942
Indian Ocean 1942–45
Sicily 1943
East Indies 1944
Okinawa 1945
References
Royal Australian Navy ship names |
6901153 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Takatsuki-class%20destroyer | Takatsuki-class destroyer | The Takatsuki class destroyer was a vessel of the Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force. It was the predecessor of the , and was mainly used for anti-submarine warfare duties.
In 1985-1988, Takatsuki and Kikuzuki were upgraded with Sea Sparrow SAM launchers, Harpoon missile anti-ship missile launchers, Phalanx CIWS systems (Kikuzuki only), new FCS (FCS-2-12) fire control radar and TASS. Mochizuki and Nagatsuki were in the upgrade program, but were eventually not upgraded.
Ships
Books
The Maru Special, Ships of the JMSDF No.57 Takatsuki class escort vessels, Ushio Shobō (Japan), November 1981
The Maru Special, Ships of the JMSDF No.78 Electronics weapons, Power Plants and Helicopters, Ushio Shobō (Japan), August 1983
Destroyer classes |
6901164 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soloveitchik | Soloveitchik | Soloveitchik ( ) (also Soloveichik) is a surname. The name is a diminutive form of the Russian word соловей, "nightingale", since the Soloveitchiks are a family of Levites, who are commanded by the Torah to sing in the Beit Hamikdash. It is notably the name of a rabbinic family descended from Yosef Dov Soloveitchik (Beis Halevi) (1820-1892). Members include:
Ahron Soloveichik (1917–2001)
Avraham Yehoshua Soloveitchik
Bar Soloveychik (born 2000), Israeli swimmer
Berel Soloveitchik (1915–1981)
Chaim Soloveitchik (1853–1918)
Eliyahu Soloveitchik (Elijah Zevi) (1805–1881)
Haym Soloveitchik (born 1937), American
Joseph B. Soloveitchik (1903–1993), American Orthodox rabbi, Talmudist, and modern Jewish philosopher.
Max Soloveichik (1883-1957), Lithuanian-Jewish Zionist activist, journalist, and a politician
Meir Soloveichik (born 1977), American
Moshe Soloveichik (1879–1941)
Moshe Soloveitchik (Zurich) (1914-1995)
Meshulam Dovid Soloveitchik (1921-2021)
Peter Salovey (born 1958) (unlike the other names listed here, Salovey is not a descendant of Yosef Dov Soloveitchik, but rather of his uncle Eliyahu Zevi)
Samuel Soloveichik (1909–1967)
Yitzchok Zev Soloveitchik (1886–1959)
Yosef Dov Soloveitchik (Beis Halevi)
Family tree
See also
Brisk tradition and Soloveitchik dynasty
Vorobeichik
External links
TheRav.Net Resources on Rabbi Joseph B. Soloveitchik zt'l
Jewish families
Jewish surnames
Slavic-language surnames
Russian-language surnames
Levite surnames
Yiddish-language surnames |
17327678 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1979%20Copa%20Libertadores | 1979 Copa Libertadores | The 1979 Copa Libertadores represented the 20th edition of the tournament, which saw Olimpia of Paraguay win the title for the first time, the first time a team from a country outside Uruguay, Argentina or Brazil won the tournament. This allowed the Paraguayan side to play the Intercontinental Cup against Malmö FF of Sweden, in which the South American side won.
Qualified teams
Argentina
Boca Juniors (1978 Libertadores Champion)
Independiente (Champion of Campeonato Nacional Argentino 1978)
Quilmes (Champion of Campeonato Metropolitano Argentino 1978)
Bolivia
Bolívar (Champion of Campeonato Boliviano 1978)
Jorge Wilsterman (Runners-up of Campeonato Boliviano 1978)
Brazil
Guarani (Champion of Campeonato Brasileiro 1978)
Palmeiras (Runners-up of Campeonato Brasileiro 1978)
Chile
Palestino (Champion of Campeonato Chileno 1978)
O’Higgins (Winner Liga Pre-Libertadores 1978)
Colombia
Millonarios (Champion of 1978 Campeonato Profesional)
Deportivo Cali (Runners-up of 1978 Campeonato Profesional)
Ecuador
El Nacional (Champion of Campeonato Ecuatoriano 1978)
Técnico Universitario (Runners-up of Campeonato Ecuatoriano 1978)
Paraguay
Olimpia (Champion of Campeonato Paraguayo 1978)
Sol de América (Runners-up of Campeonato Paraguayo 1978)
Peru
Alianza Lima (Champion of Campeonato Peruano 1978)
Universitario (Runners-up of Campeonato Peruano 1978)
Uruguay
Peñarol (Champion of Liga Pre-Libertadores 1978)
Nacional (Runners-up of Liga Pré-Libertadores 1978)
Venezuela
Portuguesa (Champion of Campeonato Venezuelano 1978)
Galicia (Runners-up of Campeonato Venezuelano 1978)
Group stage
Boca Juniors, of Argentina skips to semifinals as current champions.
Group 1
Group 2
Group 3
Group 4
Group 5
Semifinals
Group A
Group B
Finals
Champion
Top-scorers
6 goles
Juan José Oré (Universitario)
Miltäo (Guaraní)
External links
Sitio oficial de la CONMEBOL
Libertadores 1979 at RSSSF.com
1
Copa Libertadores seasons |
17327699 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grosvenor%20Shopping%20Centre | Grosvenor Shopping Centre | The Grosvenor Shopping Centre (for a time known as The Mall Grosvenor or The Mall Chester) is a large shopping precinct in Chester, England. It hosts around 70 stores. Whereas most of the central shopping area of Chester consists of historic streets, The Mall provides undercover shopping to complement the wide range of shops in other locations around the city. It consists of some Edwardian buildings with modern covered shopping malls. It was owned by The Mall Fund, and carried their corporate branding. It was sold sometime in 2009 and the name Grosvenor Shopping Centre reinstated by the new owners.
References
Shopping centres in Cheshire
Buildings and structures in Chester
Shops in Chester |
17327726 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tariq%20Niazi | Tariq Niazi | Tariq Masood Niazi (15 March 1940 – 20 April 2008) was a Pakistani field hockey player between 1961 and 1969 and member of the Olympic team. Niazi was part of the 1964 games in Tokyo where they won a silver medal and the 1968 games in Mexico City where they won the gold. He competed in the Asian Games. Mianwali’s municipal hockey stadium was renamed Tariq Niazi Hockey Stadium in Niazi's honor.
Niazi died on 20 April 2008 of a cardiac arrest.
References
External links
Tariq Niazi – databaseOlympics Page
Pakistan Hockey Team
1940 births
2008 deaths
Pakistani male field hockey players
Olympic field hockey players of Pakistan
Olympic gold medalists for Pakistan
Olympic silver medalists for Pakistan
Olympic medalists in field hockey
Medalists at the 1964 Summer Olympics
Medalists at the 1968 Summer Olympics
Field hockey players at the 1964 Summer Olympics
Field hockey players at the 1968 Summer Olympics
Asian Games medalists in field hockey
Field hockey players at the 1962 Asian Games
Field hockey players at the 1966 Asian Games
Pashtun people
Asian Games gold medalists for Pakistan
Asian Games silver medalists for Pakistan
Medalists at the 1962 Asian Games
Medalists at the 1966 Asian Games
20th-century Pakistani people |
17327736 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Home%20Farm%20Twins | Home Farm Twins | Home Farm Twins is a series of children's books written by Jenny Oldfield. The books were later successfully adapted into a television series for the BBC, with Polly Duniam and Sophie Duniam cast as the twins. The television series proved so popular that the books were re-packaged as TV tie-ins.
The books
Speckle the Stray
Sinbad the Runaway
Solo the Homeless
Susie the Orphan
Spike the Tramp
Snip and Snap the Truants
Sunny the Hero
Socks the Survivor
Stevie the Rebel
Samson the Giant
Sultan the Patient
Sorrel the Substitute
Skye the Champion
Sugar and Spice the Pickpockets
Sophie the Show-Off
Silky the Foundling
Scott the Braveheart
Spot the Prisoner
Shelley the Shadow
Star the Surprise
Specials
Scruffy the Scamp
Stanley the Troublemaker
Smokey the Mystery
Stalky the Mascot
Samantha the Snob
At Stonelea
Mitch goes Missing
Maisea wants her Mum
Mac Climbs a Mountain
Television series
The television series ran for three seasons from 7 January 1999 until 30 March 2000 with repeats of the three seasons shown in 2001.
Home Farm Twins follows the adventures of twins Hannah and Helen around the local countryside in this series dramatized by Elly Brewer from the Home Farm books by Jenny Oldfield.
The first season started with the Moore family moving from London to the country village of Doveton. Hannah is a dreamer and an idealist, much more 'girly' than her tomboy sister Helen, who is more outspoken, daring and sarcastic.
The girls quickly got to know the locals and began a long-term friendship with Sam from Crackpot Farm who teased them for being 'townies' but still loved to join in their adventures but Sam had dreams elsewhere and dropped a bombshell on the twins during Season 3 by announcing he was to leave Doveton.
The twins' mother, Mary, is famous for making cakes at the Curlew Cafe which is the business she started up after moving to Doveton, while her husband, David, is a wildlife photographer and studies animals. The twins' parents had a baby girl during Season 3. The girls learned that animals were no longer the only ones who needed looking after and promptly watched their baby sister on numerous occasions, getting into big trouble for regular accidents involving their methods. The final season broadcast on the BBC ended with the twins facing the realities of growing up and looking back at their time spent living on Home Farm and wondering what life had in store for them next.
Television series cast
Polly Duniam as Hannah Moore
Sophie Duniam as Helen Moore
Jacquetta May as Mary Moore
Martin Ball as David Moore
Ben Evans as Sam
References
External links
1999 British television series debuts
2000 British television series endings
1990s British children's television series
2000s British children's television series
Series of children's books
British children's novels
BBC children's television shows
English-language television shows |
6901170 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bobbi%20Humphrey | Bobbi Humphrey | Barbara Ann "Bobbi" Humphrey (born April 25, 1950) is an American jazz flautist and singer who plays jazz fusion, funk, and soul-jazz. She has recorded twelve albums and founded the jazz label Paradise Sounds Records. In 1971, she was the first female instrumentalist signed by Blue Note.
Early life
Humphrey was born in Marlin, Texas, and raised in Dallas. She graduated from Lincoln High School, Dallas, in 1968. Her flute education included classical and jazz in high school. She continued her studies at Texas Southern University and Southern Methodist University. Dizzy Gillespie saw her play at a talent contest at Southern Methodist and inspired her to pursue a music career in New York City. She followed his advice, moving to New York in June 1971 and getting her first break performing at the Apollo Theater on Amateur Night.
Career
Within weeks of arriving in New York, Humphrey was signed by George Butler to Blue Note. She had already begun playing regularly throughout the city, including joining Herbie Mann on stage in Central Park and an impromptu performance on The Tonight Show. She was asked to join the final band of trumpeter Lee Morgan, performing on his last Blue Note album in 1971. Morgan contributed to Humphrey's first album, Flute In, in 1971.
She has played with Duke Ellington and George Benson. Benson and Humphrey were guest musicians on Stevie Wonder's single "Another Star" from his Songs in the Key of Life (1976) album. In 1976, she was named Best Female Instrumentalist by Billboard magazine.
Humphrey has played at the Apollo Theatre, Hollywood Bowl, Carnegie Hall, Montreux Jazz Festival, Russian River Jazz Festival (Northern California). She cites Hubert Laws, Herbie Mann, and James Moody as influences.
Blacks and Blues, recorded in 1973 with the Mizell Brothers, was one of her biggest selling albums for Blue Note. On this album she shifted from the straight ahead jazz of her first two albums produced by George Butler. She sought out the Mizell Brothers after their work on Donald Byrd's Black Byrd, which combined funk with jazz. Blacks and Blues was recorded in three days at the Sound Factory. In "Harlem River Drive" and other tracks, Humphrey's playing was improvised. As Humphrey recalled in an interview in 2006, "In other words, they would play the track in the background and just tell me to play to it. There was no written melody. Growing up, the music they listened to was doo-wop. And from that background, they intrinsically understood harmony. So they would already have the chord changes and background vocals laid out. I just played what I felt off the top of my head against that." Humphrey sings vocals on "Just a Love Child" and the album's last track, "Baby's Gone".
Satin Doll, recorded in 1974, continued her combination of soul jazz and funk. The album was dedicated to Duke Ellington, who died shortly before the album was released, and its cover art features Humphrey's daughter, Ricci Lynn. Fancy Dancer marked Humphrey's third and final collaboration with the Mizell Brothers. It includes Latin percussion and harp instrumentation by Dorothy Ashby. For her next album, Tailor Made, she switched to Epic.
Despite high album sales, Humphrey did not see much of her Blue Note albums' financial success. In 1977, she moved into the business side of the music industry. She incorporated Innovative Artist Management as well as a publishing business, The Bobbi Humphrey Music Company, which signed an agreement with Warner Bros. in 1990. Humphrey brought Tevin Campbell into the music industry and was involved in his negotiations with Warner Bros. In 1994 Humphrey started her label, Paradise Sounds Records, releasing Passion Flute.
Humphrey's work, especially Blacks and Blues, has been sampled by Eric B. & Rakim, Grand Puba, Digable Planets, Mobb Deep, Ludacris, and Ice-T. In 2002, Common invited her to play on his album Electric Circus.
Discography
As a sidewoman
with Lee Morgan:
The Last Session (Blue Note, 1971)
With Stevie Wonder
Songs in the Key of Life (Tamla, 1976)
Recording notes
Humphrey's last album for Epic was The Good Life, recorded in 1978/79 at Rosebud Recording Studios, New York. The album is notable for the list of supporting musicians that included Richard Tee, Eric Gale, Ralph MacDonald (who produced the album), Christopher Parker, and a young Marcus Miller.
References
External links
Bobbi Humphrey at Jazz Museum in Harlem
1950 births
Living people
People from Marlin, Texas
Singers from Texas
Jazz musicians from Texas
American jazz flautists
20th-century African-American women singers
Soul-jazz musicians
Soul-jazz flautists
Blue Note Records artists
Epic Records artists
21st-century African-American people
21st-century African-American women
20th-century flautists |
6901181 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brisker%20method | Brisker method | The Brisker method, or Brisker derech, is a reductionistic approach to Talmud study innovated by Rabbi Chaim Soloveitchik of Brisk (Brest, Belarus), as opposed to the traditional approach which was rather holistic. It has since become popular and spread to yeshivas around the world. The Brisker method is also known as the "conceptual" approach to Talmud study, and is often referred to simply as lomdus (lit. "analytical study").
See .
Theory
Broadly speaking, before the Brisker method, Talmudic texts were taken at "face value" unless there was a compelling reason not to. If a contradiction between two texts was discovered, then it became necessary to reinterpret one or both texts in order to reconcile them. But there was no standard method by which to perform this reconciliation. Any explanation which one offered, which seemed reasonable, would be accepted.
The Brisker method replaces this approach with a methodical search for precise definitions of each concept involved in the discussion. Once the mechanism by which a law works is rigidly and correctly defined, it can become clear that one aspect of the definition applies in one situation but not another. Therefore, the final halacha (Jewish law) will differ in the two situations, even if they superficially appear to be very similar.
Often an entire series of disagreements among the Rishonim (Talmudic commentaries from roughly the period 1000–1500) may stem back to a subtle difference in how these Rishonim understand a line from the Talmud. The Brisker method can provide a precise formulation of how each Rishon understood the topic, and thus account for their differences in opinion. This approach is most spectacular when a whole series of debates between two Rishonim can be shown to revolve around a single "chakira", or difference in the understanding of a Talmudic concept.
Another benefit of this approach is that it helps clarify the puzzling Talmudic statement that "Elu vi'Elu Divrey Elokim Chaim" (lit. these [words] and these [words] are the words of the living Lord). In other words, the Talmud advances an idea that no valid interpretation of its corpus is strictly wrong. Rather, a multitude of opinions can be justifiably put forth on a particular subject. According to the Brisker approach, this idea is explained in conceptual terms. Both opinions accepted the same facts, so none are strictly wrong. However, one opinion conceptualized the issue through one logical prism, whereas the other viewed the issue via an entirely different logical prism (see Examples below). It is easier, then, to accept that both opinions are Divinely justifiable approaches, as their fundamental point of departure is theoretical rather than physical in nature.
The Brisker method is not a total break from the past. Rabbis before Brisk sometimes made "conceptual" distinctions, and Brisker rabbis can still resolve issues without recourse to the terminology they invented. The difference is one of focus and degree. Non-Brisk analysis tends to formulate "conceptual" definitions only when necessary, while for Briskers, these definitions are the first and most common tool to be used when approaching a Talmudic issue.
One example of Rabbi Chaim's emphasis on the value of precise definition can be found in quote: "One approach which answers three different problems is better than three different approaches to individually solve the three problems" (a corollary of Occam's razor).
Examples
Some of the distinctions which follow may appear to be meaningless: the two alternatives are simply different ways of expressing exactly the same concept. This is indeed a significant danger when formulating Brisker concepts. Therefore, it is routine, upon formulating the distinction, to search for a nafka minnah for the distinction - an empirical case in which the two understandings in fact lead to different results. Only when a nafka minnah (even a rare and impractical one) is identified can one be sure that one's Brisker distinction is valid. Each distinction listed below has at least one nafka minnah, even if not specified here.
Cheftza/gavra ("object/person") refers to distinctions made between a person and his/her actions (or the actions done upon him/her). For example, the Brisker Rav states (Yevamoth 2a) that a forbidden incestuous relative is considered a "forbidden person," while though a menstruating woman is not a "forbidden person," the sexual act performed with her is forbidden.
Kiyyum/Ma'aseh ("fulfillment/action") refers to the distinction between, in the course of performing a Biblical or Rabbinic commandment, the physical performance-act and the ultimate fulfillment of the commandment.
Siman/sibah ("effect/cause"): Does A cause B, or is A a result of the presence of B? For example, an adhesion on the lung makes a slaughtered animal non-"glatt kosher", but the Shulchan Aruch and the Rama disagree whether it makes the animal non-kosher altogether. This disagreement appears to be based on the question: Does the adhesion cause non-kosher-ness? Or does it potentially result from non-kosher-ness, but also potentially result from a situation in which the animal remains kosher? The Shulchan Aruch holds the former; the Rama holds the latter, in which case an animal with adhesions can be checked and subsequently found to be kosher.
Active vs. passive: There may be a distinction between a specified exemption in the halakha, and a scenario where the halakha simply fails to obligate someone.
("two laws"): A Talmudic law can be shown to consist of two or more distinct components. Then, one component can be shown not to apply in a certain case, thus resolving a contradiction between the halachic rules in two situations. An example of this is Rabbi Chaim Brisker's interpretation of (Bava Kama 88a) that there is one law for a man to circumcise his son and another that obligates the son himself to be circumcised. In this case, after the son is circumcised, the obligation of circumcision present in both laws is fulfilled, although it is impossible for both laws to be fulfilled in their entirety.
"Is the principle stated here merely an application of a general rule, or is it a different and unique principle, specialized to our context?" This distinction is demonstrated in a story involving Rabbi Yitzchak Zev Soloveitchik and witnessed by Rabbi Yehezkel Abramsky. A person died, followed shortly thereafter by another, wealthier person. The Chevra Kadisha (Jewish burial society), rather than follow the first-come, first-served policy mandated by halacha, buried the rich person first. A relative of the poorer person came to demand an apology from the Chevra Kadisha. Rabbi Yitzchak Zev Soloveitchik consulted the Laws of Mourning from Rambam' Mishneh Torah for just a moment before telling the relative: "The Chevra Kadisha were wrong, but that is between them and God. I will inform them that their conduct was improper, but you are not involved here." After the fellow left, Rabbi Soloveitchik explained to his colleague, Rabbi Abramsky, that the question at hand was this: certainly Judaism has a general principle of first-come, first-served, because of the rule that when faced with the opportunity to do a mitzvah, one should not pass it up. If this is the only reason that first-come, first-served applies in the case of burials, then one who violates it is no more in the wrong than one who has passed over any mitzva opportunity, and his/her offense is between himself/herself and God. Or, instead, there may be a specialized notion of first-come, first-served when it comes to burials, to avoid offending the bereaved. Only according to the latter reasoning would an apology be required. Rabbi Soloveitchik found that Maimonides made no explicit mention of first-come, first-served in his Laws of Mourning, and thus extrapolated that only the generalized notion of first-come, first-served applies to burial. Therefore, the bereaved could not demand an apology. Upon hearing this reasoning, Rabbi Abramsky exclaimed (in a positive way), "Rabbi Soloveitchik can deduce laws from the fact that Maimonides says nothing at all!"
History
The famed yeshiva of Volozhin, arguably the first modern yeshiva, favored a traditionalist approach towards Talmudics under the leadership of the Netziv, which often required absorbing a great amount of Talmudic material to acquire a "general Talmudic feel" before analyzing a topic. Later, however, Rabbi Chaim Soloveitchik became a lecturer at Volozhin. At this point, around the year 1880, Rabbi Chaim's new methods first became public.
However, as Rabbi Joseph Soloveitchik suggested in his eulogy for the Brisker Rov, the full, true "Brisk approach" as we know it today was not developed until Rabbi Chaim Soloveitchik had been rabbi of Brisk for many years. The notes that Rabbi Chaim Soloveitchik used for his lectures at the yeshiva of Volozhin (years before he assumed the Brisk pulpit) are still extant today, and the approach found there is not as well-developed as in (his and others') later published works. The notes could best be described as "proto-Brisk lomdus", a term which could be used regarding the works of the Beis HaLevi as well. Several modern scholars agree with this notion of "proto-Brisk", and it can be heard in the lectures of Rabbi Dr. Aaron Rakeffet-Rothkoff. Nonetheless, as seen above, even "proto-Brisk" was already different enough and popular enough to cause significant tension at the Volozhin yeshiva.
An additional major influence on the "Brisk approach" was a Rabbi Mendel Epstein of Slutzk. Rabbi Chaim "Brisker" Soloveitchik spent several early teenage years in Slutzk, where Rabbi Epstein served as his melamed (Judaics teacher for pre-college levels). Rabbi Chaim later claimed that much of the "Brisker derech" attributed to him was founded on Rabbi Epstein's approach; however, as a small town's melamed, Rabbi Epstein and his ideas never achieved fame.
The Brisker method has a certain parallel in the Dor Revi'i (commentary on Hullin) of Rabbi Moshe Shmuel Glasner. Many scholars had been perplexed by the Rambam's rulings, as they had been used to understanding the Talmud according to the Franco-German school of Rashi and Tosafot, as opposed to the Babylonian Geonic school followed by Rambam. Rabbi Glasner insisted that Rambam's interpretations follow perfectly from the Talmud once he is interpreted on his own terms. Rabbi Glasner's methods coincided remarkably with those Rabbi Chaim; Rabbi Glasner's methods caused a sensation in the Lithuanian yeshivot in the late 1920s and early 1930s, producing astonishment that a Hungarian rabbi had independently formulated a method so similar to Rabbi Haim's.
Controversy
When it first appeared, some scholars denounced the Brisk approach as "chemistry", as it sought to analyze each Talmudic law by breaking it down into components, whereas a traditionalist approach focused more on the entirety of the laws.
While the Brisker method has won acceptance in almost all yeshivas today, it has its opponents. These include Rabbi Avraham Yeshayahu Karelitz (1878–1953) (known as the Chazon Ish), who felt that often the existing approach to a Talmudic portion was sufficient.
Additionally, the Brisker method is not widely used in modern yeshivas which stem from the Mirrer Yeshiva (originally from Russia), which instead tend to stress single, unifying themes throughout Talmudic concepts, often focusing on only one Rishon if it is seen as the most "truthful" approach to a Talmudic passage.
Yeshivot influenced by Telz, likewise, adopt a broader approach.
See also .
In Brisker yeshivas, the tractates studied deviate from the tractates popular in most yeshivas. Most yeshivas learn the Talmudic laws of money, property, marriage, and divorce. In Brisk, there is a greater tendency toward Kodashim tractates, as well as Nazir and Sotah (more ritually oriented) tractates in Nashim. Rabbi Joseph B. Soloveitchik is noted for a tendency to study tractates in Seder Moed, a tendency formalized by Yeshiva University's decision to learn a tractate from Seder Moed every four years.
R Chaim was aware of the opposition to his method, but defended it. In response to a rabbi who insisted on taking the words of the Gemara at face value, R Chaim replied: A term may refer to different laws in different contexts. For example, the Talmud requires "panim chadashos" (meaning "a new presence" or "new faces") at the Sheva Brachos celebration, i.e. a guest must be present who had not attended the wedding. Elsewhere, the Talmud comments that once sacrificial meat has been burned to ashes, the ashes no longer have a sacrificial status, as "panim chadashos ba'u l'chan" – "a new presence has arrived", meaning that the ashes are not the same as the meat. "So if you were at a Sheva Brachos party, and you looked around and everyone there had already been at this couple's wedding, why not just take some meat and burn it to ashes?", challenged Rabbi Chaim. Clearly, the phrase "panim chadashos" has different meanings in the contexts of wedding celebrations and sacrificial meat.
R Chaim was also opposed to 'overdoing' the method. In response to a Rabbi who claimed that Kiddushin does not take effect once for all time, but rather constantly renews itself every moment (has a ''), R Chaim simply and sarcastically replied "Mazel Tov" (as if to say that according to such a view, the Rabbi had just gotten married); thereby indicating his view that such an approach was ridiculous.
References
Works by the Brisker school
Hiddushei Rabbenu Chaim Halevi al haRambam - by Rabbi Chaim Soloveitchik
Hiddushei haGra"ch al haShas - ("stencil" edition) - by same
Hiddushei Maran Ri"z Halevi al haRambam - by Rabbi Yitzchak Zev Soloveitchik
Hiddushei haGri"z al haShas - ("stencil" edition) - by same
Hiddushei Maran Ri"z Halevi al Kiddush Hachodesh and Seder Moed - by same
Hiddushei Maran Ri"z Halevi al haTorah - by same
Iggros haGri"d - by Rabbi Joseph Soloveitchik
Shiurei haRav Aharon Lichtenstein (multiple volumes) - by Rabbi Aharon Lichtenstein
Birkas Shmuel - by R' Baruch Ber from Kamenitz
Secondary sources
Solomon, Norman. The Analytic Movement: Hayyim Soloveitchik and His Circle. Atlanta, Ga.: Scholars Press, 1993.
Zevin, Shlomo Yosef. Ishim ve-shitot. Tel Aviv: A. Tziuni, 1966.
External links
"Rabbi Joseph B. Soloveitchik on the Brisker Method"
Talmud
Learning methods
Soloveitchik rabbinic dynasty |
20464629 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2009%20Botswana%20general%20election | 2009 Botswana general election | General elections were held in Botswana on 16 October 2009, alongside local elections, with early voting in 26 polling stations abroad taking place 3 October. The result was a tenth successive victory for the Botswana Democratic Party, which won 45 of the 57 elected seats in the National Assembly.
Electoral system
The 57 directly-elected members of the National Assembly were elected in single-member constituencies. A further four members were elected from a list nominated by the President, whilst the President and Attorney General became ex officio members.
Campaign
The ruling BDP was suffering from internal problems leading up to the election, with President Ian Khama threatening to expel party leader and former cabinet minister Daniel Kwelagobe, who also led the rival Barata-Phathi faction within the BDP. Although Khama and Kwelagobe eventually reconciled, stability within the BDP remained in question. The BDP campaign focused on its record in government, including education, training and economic development.
Botswana National Front leader Otsweletse Moupo did not contest the elections after losing the party's primary elections for his Gaborone West North seat. It was speculated that he would stand for election in Gaborone South, but Moupo ultimately declined to run. The BNF campaign centred around creating a strong civil society and improving social welfare and housing.
The Botswana Congress Party (BCP) and the Botswana Alliance Movement (BAM) formed an electoral alliance and supported each other's candidates. BCP leader Gilson Saleshando stood for election in Selebi-Phikwe West, a constituency held prior to the election by BDP candidate Kavis Kario. The alliance's campaign included a pledge to stop the economic downturn.
The Botswana People's Party (BPP) campaign focused on agricultural development and manufacturing, whilst the MELS Movement of Botswana (MELS) promised to fight the exploitation of the population.
A total of 177 candidates contested the elections; 57 from the BDP, 48 from the BNF, 46 from the BCP-BAM alliance (42 from the BCP and 4 from the BAM), 6 from the BPP, 4 from MELS, one from the Botswana Tlhoko Tiro Organisation and 15 independents.
Opinion polls
Very few scientific opinion polls were taken prior to the election, preventing accurate measures of public sentiment.
Conduct
Early voting was planned for police and polling officers on 29 September, as they would be unable to vote on election day. However, because of a printing error at the Johannesburg-based printer that was responsible for printing the ballot papers, early voting could not proceed as planned; ballot numbers, which should be unique to counter election fraud, were sometimes repeated on the ballots for local elections. As a result Police officers and polling officers had to vote on 16 October, along with the general public. For officers stationed far away from the place they are registered to vote, this presented serious problems. The BCP threatened legal action against the Independent Electoral Commission.
Election turnout was reported to be high with polling station opening times being extending to cope with large queues. Election observers stated that the overall process ran smoothly, although in some instance people had been unable to vote. The Southern African Development Community noted that the elections were "credible, peaceful, free and fair", but raised concerns about the "slow polling process".
Results
Nehemiah Modubule, MP for Lobatse, won re-election running as an independent, having been elected in 2004 as a BNF candidate.
Aftermath
The BDP held a victory rally in Gaborone on 18 October, and President Khama was sworn in for his first full term on 20 October.
See also
List of members of the National Assembly of Botswana 2009–2014
References
Botswana
2009 in Botswana
Elections in Botswana |
6901183 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Widespread%20Bloodshed%20Love%20Runs%20Red | Widespread Bloodshed Love Runs Red | Widespread Bloodshed Love Runs Red is the only studio album by American thrash metal band No Mercy, released in 1987 by Suicidal Records.
In 1989 "Master of No Mercy", "Controlled by Hatred", "My Own Way of Life", and "Waking the Dead" were re-recorded by Suicidal Tendencies for their Controlled by Hatred/Feel Like Shit...Déjà Vu album, after Mike Clark had joined their band. "We're Evil", "Crazy But Proud", "I'm Your Nightmare", and "Widespread Bloodshed - Love Runs Red" were later re-recorded by Suicidal Tendencies for their No Mercy Fool!/The Suicidal Family album.
Track listing
"We're Evil"
"Crazy But Proud"
"Master of No Mercy"
"Day of the Damned"
"Controlled by Hatred"
"I'm Your Nightmare"
"Widespread Bloodshed - Love Runs Red"
"My Own Way of Life"
"Waking the Dead"
Personnel
Mike Muir – vocals
Mike Clark – guitar
Ric Clayton – bass
Sal Troy – drums
Produced by Mike Muir
References
1987 debut albums
No Mercy (metal band) albums |
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