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gem-squad_v2-train-1800 | 5ad17055645df0001a2d1b7e | Military_history_of_the_United_States | In the Treaty of Paris after the Revolution, the British had ceded the lands between the Appalachian Mountains and the Mississippi River to the United States, without consulting the Shawnee, Cherokee, Choctaw and other smaller tribes who lived there. Because many of the tribes had fought as allies of the British, the United States compelled tribal leaders to sign away lands in postwar treaties, and began dividing these lands for settlement. This provoked a war in the Northwest Territory in which the U.S. forces performed poorly; the Battle of the Wabash in 1791 was the most severe defeat ever suffered by the United States at the hands of American Indians. President Washington dispatched a newly trained army to the region, which decisively defeated the Indian confederacy at the Battle of Fallen Timbers in 1794. | When was this deciding battle postponed? | When was this deciding battle postponed? | [
" When was this deciding battle postponed?"
]
| {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-1801 | 570b421bec8fbc190045b924 | Military_history_of_the_United_States | Sectional tensions had long existed between the states located north of the Mason–Dixon line and those south of it, primarily centered on the "peculiar institution" of slavery and the ability of states to overrule the decisions of the national government. During the 1840s and 1850s, conflicts between the two sides became progressively more violent. After the election of Abraham Lincoln in 1860 (who southerners thought would work to end slavery) states in the South seceded from the United States, beginning with South Carolina in late 1860. On April 12, 1861, forces of the South (known as the Confederate States of America or simply the Confederacy) opened fire on Fort Sumter, whose garrison was loyal to the Union. | What dividing line separated slave states from free states? | What dividing line separated slave states from free states? | [
"What dividing line separated slave states from free states?"
]
| {
"text": [
"the Mason–Dixon line"
],
"answer_start": [
72
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-1802 | 570b421bec8fbc190045b925 | Military_history_of_the_United_States | Sectional tensions had long existed between the states located north of the Mason–Dixon line and those south of it, primarily centered on the "peculiar institution" of slavery and the ability of states to overrule the decisions of the national government. During the 1840s and 1850s, conflicts between the two sides became progressively more violent. After the election of Abraham Lincoln in 1860 (who southerners thought would work to end slavery) states in the South seceded from the United States, beginning with South Carolina in late 1860. On April 12, 1861, forces of the South (known as the Confederate States of America or simply the Confederacy) opened fire on Fort Sumter, whose garrison was loyal to the Union. | When was Lincoln elected? | When was Lincoln elected? | [
"When was Lincoln elected?"
]
| {
"text": [
"1860"
],
"answer_start": [
392
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-1803 | 570b421bec8fbc190045b926 | Military_history_of_the_United_States | Sectional tensions had long existed between the states located north of the Mason–Dixon line and those south of it, primarily centered on the "peculiar institution" of slavery and the ability of states to overrule the decisions of the national government. During the 1840s and 1850s, conflicts between the two sides became progressively more violent. After the election of Abraham Lincoln in 1860 (who southerners thought would work to end slavery) states in the South seceded from the United States, beginning with South Carolina in late 1860. On April 12, 1861, forces of the South (known as the Confederate States of America or simply the Confederacy) opened fire on Fort Sumter, whose garrison was loyal to the Union. | How did slave states react to Lincoln's election? | How did slave states react to Lincoln's election? | [
"How did slave states react to Lincoln's election?"
]
| {
"text": [
"states in the South seceded from the United States"
],
"answer_start": [
449
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-1804 | 570b421bec8fbc190045b927 | Military_history_of_the_United_States | Sectional tensions had long existed between the states located north of the Mason–Dixon line and those south of it, primarily centered on the "peculiar institution" of slavery and the ability of states to overrule the decisions of the national government. During the 1840s and 1850s, conflicts between the two sides became progressively more violent. After the election of Abraham Lincoln in 1860 (who southerners thought would work to end slavery) states in the South seceded from the United States, beginning with South Carolina in late 1860. On April 12, 1861, forces of the South (known as the Confederate States of America or simply the Confederacy) opened fire on Fort Sumter, whose garrison was loyal to the Union. | What was the first state to formally secede? | What was the first state to formally secede? | [
"What was the first state to formally secede?"
]
| {
"text": [
"South Carolina"
],
"answer_start": [
516
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-1805 | 570b421bec8fbc190045b928 | Military_history_of_the_United_States | Sectional tensions had long existed between the states located north of the Mason–Dixon line and those south of it, primarily centered on the "peculiar institution" of slavery and the ability of states to overrule the decisions of the national government. During the 1840s and 1850s, conflicts between the two sides became progressively more violent. After the election of Abraham Lincoln in 1860 (who southerners thought would work to end slavery) states in the South seceded from the United States, beginning with South Carolina in late 1860. On April 12, 1861, forces of the South (known as the Confederate States of America or simply the Confederacy) opened fire on Fort Sumter, whose garrison was loyal to the Union. | When did Confederate forces bombard Fort Sumter? | When did Confederate forces bombard Fort Sumter? | [
"When did Confederate forces bombard Fort Sumter?"
]
| {
"text": [
"April 12, 1861"
],
"answer_start": [
548
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-1806 | 5ad17172645df0001a2d1bc8 | Military_history_of_the_United_States | Sectional tensions had long existed between the states located north of the Mason–Dixon line and those south of it, primarily centered on the "peculiar institution" of slavery and the ability of states to overrule the decisions of the national government. During the 1840s and 1850s, conflicts between the two sides became progressively more violent. After the election of Abraham Lincoln in 1860 (who southerners thought would work to end slavery) states in the South seceded from the United States, beginning with South Carolina in late 1860. On April 12, 1861, forces of the South (known as the Confederate States of America or simply the Confederacy) opened fire on Fort Sumter, whose garrison was loyal to the Union. | What dividing line separated slave states from non-free states? | What dividing line separated slave states from non-free states? | [
" What dividing line separated slave states from non-free states?"
]
| {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-1807 | 5ad17172645df0001a2d1bc9 | Military_history_of_the_United_States | Sectional tensions had long existed between the states located north of the Mason–Dixon line and those south of it, primarily centered on the "peculiar institution" of slavery and the ability of states to overrule the decisions of the national government. During the 1840s and 1850s, conflicts between the two sides became progressively more violent. After the election of Abraham Lincoln in 1860 (who southerners thought would work to end slavery) states in the South seceded from the United States, beginning with South Carolina in late 1860. On April 12, 1861, forces of the South (known as the Confederate States of America or simply the Confederacy) opened fire on Fort Sumter, whose garrison was loyal to the Union. | When was Lincoln kicked out? | When was Lincoln kicked out? | [
" When was Lincoln kicked out?"
]
| {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-1808 | 5ad17172645df0001a2d1bca | Military_history_of_the_United_States | Sectional tensions had long existed between the states located north of the Mason–Dixon line and those south of it, primarily centered on the "peculiar institution" of slavery and the ability of states to overrule the decisions of the national government. During the 1840s and 1850s, conflicts between the two sides became progressively more violent. After the election of Abraham Lincoln in 1860 (who southerners thought would work to end slavery) states in the South seceded from the United States, beginning with South Carolina in late 1860. On April 12, 1861, forces of the South (known as the Confederate States of America or simply the Confederacy) opened fire on Fort Sumter, whose garrison was loyal to the Union. | How did slave states react to Lincoln's death? | How did slave states react to Lincoln's death? | [
" How did slave states react to Lincoln's death?"
]
| {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-1809 | 5ad17172645df0001a2d1bcb | Military_history_of_the_United_States | Sectional tensions had long existed between the states located north of the Mason–Dixon line and those south of it, primarily centered on the "peculiar institution" of slavery and the ability of states to overrule the decisions of the national government. During the 1840s and 1850s, conflicts between the two sides became progressively more violent. After the election of Abraham Lincoln in 1860 (who southerners thought would work to end slavery) states in the South seceded from the United States, beginning with South Carolina in late 1860. On April 12, 1861, forces of the South (known as the Confederate States of America or simply the Confederacy) opened fire on Fort Sumter, whose garrison was loyal to the Union. | When did Confederate forces bombard Fort Pumter? | When did Confederate forces bombard Fort Pumter? | [
"When did Confederate forces bombard Fort Pumter?"
]
| {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-1810 | 570b431eec8fbc190045b92e | Military_history_of_the_United_States | The Spanish–American War was a short decisive war marked by quick, overwhelming American victories at sea and on land against Spain. The Navy was well-prepared and won laurels, even as politicians tried (and failed) to have it redeployed to defend East Coast cities against potential threats from the feeble Spanish fleet. The Army performed well in combat in Cuba. However, it was too oriented to small posts in the West and not as well-prepared for an overseas conflict. It relied on volunteers and state militia units, which faced logistical, training and food problems in the staging areas in Florida. The United States freed Cuba (after an occupation by the U.S. Army). By the peace treaty Spain ceded to the United States its colonies of Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines. The Navy set up coaling stations there and in Hawaii (which voluntarily joined the U.S. in 1898). The U.S. Navy now had a major forward presence across the Pacific and (with the lease of Guantánamo Bay Naval Base in Cuba) a major base in the Caribbean guarding the approaches to the Gulf Coast and the Panama Canal. | Where did the American army fight the Spanish in the Spanish American War? | Where did the American army fight the Spanish in the Spanish American War? | [
"Where did the American army fight the Spanish in the Spanish American War?"
]
| {
"text": [
"Cuba"
],
"answer_start": [
360
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-1811 | 570b431eec8fbc190045b92f | Military_history_of_the_United_States | The Spanish–American War was a short decisive war marked by quick, overwhelming American victories at sea and on land against Spain. The Navy was well-prepared and won laurels, even as politicians tried (and failed) to have it redeployed to defend East Coast cities against potential threats from the feeble Spanish fleet. The Army performed well in combat in Cuba. However, it was too oriented to small posts in the West and not as well-prepared for an overseas conflict. It relied on volunteers and state militia units, which faced logistical, training and food problems in the staging areas in Florida. The United States freed Cuba (after an occupation by the U.S. Army). By the peace treaty Spain ceded to the United States its colonies of Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines. The Navy set up coaling stations there and in Hawaii (which voluntarily joined the U.S. in 1898). The U.S. Navy now had a major forward presence across the Pacific and (with the lease of Guantánamo Bay Naval Base in Cuba) a major base in the Caribbean guarding the approaches to the Gulf Coast and the Panama Canal. | The army in this war was primarily made up of what sort of units? | The army in this war was primarily made up of what sort of units? | [
"The army in this war was primarily made up of what sort of units?"
]
| {
"text": [
"volunteers and state militia"
],
"answer_start": [
486
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-1812 | 570b431eec8fbc190045b930 | Military_history_of_the_United_States | The Spanish–American War was a short decisive war marked by quick, overwhelming American victories at sea and on land against Spain. The Navy was well-prepared and won laurels, even as politicians tried (and failed) to have it redeployed to defend East Coast cities against potential threats from the feeble Spanish fleet. The Army performed well in combat in Cuba. However, it was too oriented to small posts in the West and not as well-prepared for an overseas conflict. It relied on volunteers and state militia units, which faced logistical, training and food problems in the staging areas in Florida. The United States freed Cuba (after an occupation by the U.S. Army). By the peace treaty Spain ceded to the United States its colonies of Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines. The Navy set up coaling stations there and in Hawaii (which voluntarily joined the U.S. in 1898). The U.S. Navy now had a major forward presence across the Pacific and (with the lease of Guantánamo Bay Naval Base in Cuba) a major base in the Caribbean guarding the approaches to the Gulf Coast and the Panama Canal. | What colonies did Spain hand over to the US after the war? | What colonies did Spain hand over to the US after the war? | [
"What colonies did Spain hand over to the US after the war?"
]
| {
"text": [
"Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines"
],
"answer_start": [
744
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-1813 | 570b431eec8fbc190045b931 | Military_history_of_the_United_States | The Spanish–American War was a short decisive war marked by quick, overwhelming American victories at sea and on land against Spain. The Navy was well-prepared and won laurels, even as politicians tried (and failed) to have it redeployed to defend East Coast cities against potential threats from the feeble Spanish fleet. The Army performed well in combat in Cuba. However, it was too oriented to small posts in the West and not as well-prepared for an overseas conflict. It relied on volunteers and state militia units, which faced logistical, training and food problems in the staging areas in Florida. The United States freed Cuba (after an occupation by the U.S. Army). By the peace treaty Spain ceded to the United States its colonies of Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines. The Navy set up coaling stations there and in Hawaii (which voluntarily joined the U.S. in 1898). The U.S. Navy now had a major forward presence across the Pacific and (with the lease of Guantánamo Bay Naval Base in Cuba) a major base in the Caribbean guarding the approaches to the Gulf Coast and the Panama Canal. | What island territory voluntarily joined the US as a colony in 1898? | What island territory voluntarily joined the US as a colony in 1898? | [
"What island territory voluntarily joined the US as a colony in 1898?"
]
| {
"text": [
"Hawaii"
],
"answer_start": [
830
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-1814 | 570b431eec8fbc190045b932 | Military_history_of_the_United_States | The Spanish–American War was a short decisive war marked by quick, overwhelming American victories at sea and on land against Spain. The Navy was well-prepared and won laurels, even as politicians tried (and failed) to have it redeployed to defend East Coast cities against potential threats from the feeble Spanish fleet. The Army performed well in combat in Cuba. However, it was too oriented to small posts in the West and not as well-prepared for an overseas conflict. It relied on volunteers and state militia units, which faced logistical, training and food problems in the staging areas in Florida. The United States freed Cuba (after an occupation by the U.S. Army). By the peace treaty Spain ceded to the United States its colonies of Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines. The Navy set up coaling stations there and in Hawaii (which voluntarily joined the U.S. in 1898). The U.S. Navy now had a major forward presence across the Pacific and (with the lease of Guantánamo Bay Naval Base in Cuba) a major base in the Caribbean guarding the approaches to the Gulf Coast and the Panama Canal. | What is the name of the naval base the US leased from a newly independent Cuba? | What is the name of the naval base the US leased from a newly independent Cuba? | [
"What is the name of the naval base the US leased from a newly independent Cuba?"
]
| {
"text": [
"Guantánamo Bay Naval Base"
],
"answer_start": [
971
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-1815 | 5ad17238645df0001a2d1bec | Military_history_of_the_United_States | The Spanish–American War was a short decisive war marked by quick, overwhelming American victories at sea and on land against Spain. The Navy was well-prepared and won laurels, even as politicians tried (and failed) to have it redeployed to defend East Coast cities against potential threats from the feeble Spanish fleet. The Army performed well in combat in Cuba. However, it was too oriented to small posts in the West and not as well-prepared for an overseas conflict. It relied on volunteers and state militia units, which faced logistical, training and food problems in the staging areas in Florida. The United States freed Cuba (after an occupation by the U.S. Army). By the peace treaty Spain ceded to the United States its colonies of Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines. The Navy set up coaling stations there and in Hawaii (which voluntarily joined the U.S. in 1898). The U.S. Navy now had a major forward presence across the Pacific and (with the lease of Guantánamo Bay Naval Base in Cuba) a major base in the Caribbean guarding the approaches to the Gulf Coast and the Panama Canal. | Where did the American army fight the Irish in the Spanish American War? | Where did the American army fight the Irish in the Spanish American War? | [
"Where did the American army fight the Irish in the Spanish American War?"
]
| {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-1816 | 5ad17238645df0001a2d1bed | Military_history_of_the_United_States | The Spanish–American War was a short decisive war marked by quick, overwhelming American victories at sea and on land against Spain. The Navy was well-prepared and won laurels, even as politicians tried (and failed) to have it redeployed to defend East Coast cities against potential threats from the feeble Spanish fleet. The Army performed well in combat in Cuba. However, it was too oriented to small posts in the West and not as well-prepared for an overseas conflict. It relied on volunteers and state militia units, which faced logistical, training and food problems in the staging areas in Florida. The United States freed Cuba (after an occupation by the U.S. Army). By the peace treaty Spain ceded to the United States its colonies of Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines. The Navy set up coaling stations there and in Hawaii (which voluntarily joined the U.S. in 1898). The U.S. Navy now had a major forward presence across the Pacific and (with the lease of Guantánamo Bay Naval Base in Cuba) a major base in the Caribbean guarding the approaches to the Gulf Coast and the Panama Canal. | The army in this war was not primarily made up of what sort of units? | The army in this war was not primarily made up of what sort of units? | [
" The army in this war was not primarily made up of what sort of units?"
]
| {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-1817 | 5ad17238645df0001a2d1bee | Military_history_of_the_United_States | The Spanish–American War was a short decisive war marked by quick, overwhelming American victories at sea and on land against Spain. The Navy was well-prepared and won laurels, even as politicians tried (and failed) to have it redeployed to defend East Coast cities against potential threats from the feeble Spanish fleet. The Army performed well in combat in Cuba. However, it was too oriented to small posts in the West and not as well-prepared for an overseas conflict. It relied on volunteers and state militia units, which faced logistical, training and food problems in the staging areas in Florida. The United States freed Cuba (after an occupation by the U.S. Army). By the peace treaty Spain ceded to the United States its colonies of Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines. The Navy set up coaling stations there and in Hawaii (which voluntarily joined the U.S. in 1898). The U.S. Navy now had a major forward presence across the Pacific and (with the lease of Guantánamo Bay Naval Base in Cuba) a major base in the Caribbean guarding the approaches to the Gulf Coast and the Panama Canal. | What colonies did Spain hand over to the UK after the war? | What colonies did Spain hand over to the UK after the war? | [
" What colonies did Spain hand over to the UK after the war?"
]
| {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-1818 | 5ad17238645df0001a2d1bef | Military_history_of_the_United_States | The Spanish–American War was a short decisive war marked by quick, overwhelming American victories at sea and on land against Spain. The Navy was well-prepared and won laurels, even as politicians tried (and failed) to have it redeployed to defend East Coast cities against potential threats from the feeble Spanish fleet. The Army performed well in combat in Cuba. However, it was too oriented to small posts in the West and not as well-prepared for an overseas conflict. It relied on volunteers and state militia units, which faced logistical, training and food problems in the staging areas in Florida. The United States freed Cuba (after an occupation by the U.S. Army). By the peace treaty Spain ceded to the United States its colonies of Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines. The Navy set up coaling stations there and in Hawaii (which voluntarily joined the U.S. in 1898). The U.S. Navy now had a major forward presence across the Pacific and (with the lease of Guantánamo Bay Naval Base in Cuba) a major base in the Caribbean guarding the approaches to the Gulf Coast and the Panama Canal. | What island territory voluntarily joined the UK as a colony in 1898? | What island territory voluntarily joined the UK as a colony in 1898? | [
" What island territory voluntarily joined the UK as a colony in 1898?"
]
| {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-1819 | 5ad17238645df0001a2d1bf0 | Military_history_of_the_United_States | The Spanish–American War was a short decisive war marked by quick, overwhelming American victories at sea and on land against Spain. The Navy was well-prepared and won laurels, even as politicians tried (and failed) to have it redeployed to defend East Coast cities against potential threats from the feeble Spanish fleet. The Army performed well in combat in Cuba. However, it was too oriented to small posts in the West and not as well-prepared for an overseas conflict. It relied on volunteers and state militia units, which faced logistical, training and food problems in the staging areas in Florida. The United States freed Cuba (after an occupation by the U.S. Army). By the peace treaty Spain ceded to the United States its colonies of Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines. The Navy set up coaling stations there and in Hawaii (which voluntarily joined the U.S. in 1898). The U.S. Navy now had a major forward presence across the Pacific and (with the lease of Guantánamo Bay Naval Base in Cuba) a major base in the Caribbean guarding the approaches to the Gulf Coast and the Panama Canal. | What is the name of the naval base the UK leased from a newly independent Cuba? | What is the name of the naval base the UK leased from a newly independent Cuba? | [
"What is the name of the naval base the UK leased from a newly independent Cuba?"
]
| {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-1820 | 570b43ccec8fbc190045b938 | Military_history_of_the_United_States | The Philippine–American War (1899–1902) was an armed conflict between a group of Filipino revolutionaries and the American forces following the ceding of the Philippines to the United States after the defeat of Spanish forces in the Battle of Manila. The Army sent in 100,000 soldiers (mostly from the National Guard) under General Elwell Otis. Defeated in the field and losing its capital in March 1899, the poorly armed and poorly led rebels broke into armed bands. The insurgency collapsed in March 1901 when the leader Emilio Aguinaldo was captured by General Frederick Funston and his Macabebe allies. Casualties included 1,037 Americans killed in action and 3,340 who died from disease; 20,000 rebels were killed. | When was the Philippine-American War fought? | When was the Philippine-American War fought? | [
"When was the Philippine-American War fought?"
]
| {
"text": [
"1899–1902"
],
"answer_start": [
29
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-1821 | 570b43ccec8fbc190045b939 | Military_history_of_the_United_States | The Philippine–American War (1899–1902) was an armed conflict between a group of Filipino revolutionaries and the American forces following the ceding of the Philippines to the United States after the defeat of Spanish forces in the Battle of Manila. The Army sent in 100,000 soldiers (mostly from the National Guard) under General Elwell Otis. Defeated in the field and losing its capital in March 1899, the poorly armed and poorly led rebels broke into armed bands. The insurgency collapsed in March 1901 when the leader Emilio Aguinaldo was captured by General Frederick Funston and his Macabebe allies. Casualties included 1,037 Americans killed in action and 3,340 who died from disease; 20,000 rebels were killed. | Where did the US defeat occupying Spanish forces prior to the Philippine American War? | Where did the US defeat occupying Spanish forces prior to the Philippine American War? | [
"Where did the US defeat occupying Spanish forces prior to the Philippine American War?"
]
| {
"text": [
"Manila"
],
"answer_start": [
243
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-1822 | 570b43ccec8fbc190045b93a | Military_history_of_the_United_States | The Philippine–American War (1899–1902) was an armed conflict between a group of Filipino revolutionaries and the American forces following the ceding of the Philippines to the United States after the defeat of Spanish forces in the Battle of Manila. The Army sent in 100,000 soldiers (mostly from the National Guard) under General Elwell Otis. Defeated in the field and losing its capital in March 1899, the poorly armed and poorly led rebels broke into armed bands. The insurgency collapsed in March 1901 when the leader Emilio Aguinaldo was captured by General Frederick Funston and his Macabebe allies. Casualties included 1,037 Americans killed in action and 3,340 who died from disease; 20,000 rebels were killed. | Who led American forces in this war? | Who led American forces in this war? | [
"Who led American forces in this war?"
]
| {
"text": [
"General Elwell Otis"
],
"answer_start": [
324
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-1823 | 570b43ccec8fbc190045b93b | Military_history_of_the_United_States | The Philippine–American War (1899–1902) was an armed conflict between a group of Filipino revolutionaries and the American forces following the ceding of the Philippines to the United States after the defeat of Spanish forces in the Battle of Manila. The Army sent in 100,000 soldiers (mostly from the National Guard) under General Elwell Otis. Defeated in the field and losing its capital in March 1899, the poorly armed and poorly led rebels broke into armed bands. The insurgency collapsed in March 1901 when the leader Emilio Aguinaldo was captured by General Frederick Funston and his Macabebe allies. Casualties included 1,037 Americans killed in action and 3,340 who died from disease; 20,000 rebels were killed. | How many troops did the US send to the Philippines? | How many troops did the US send to the Philippines? | [
"How many troops did the US send to the Philippines?"
]
| {
"text": [
"100,000"
],
"answer_start": [
268
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-1824 | 570b43ccec8fbc190045b93c | Military_history_of_the_United_States | The Philippine–American War (1899–1902) was an armed conflict between a group of Filipino revolutionaries and the American forces following the ceding of the Philippines to the United States after the defeat of Spanish forces in the Battle of Manila. The Army sent in 100,000 soldiers (mostly from the National Guard) under General Elwell Otis. Defeated in the field and losing its capital in March 1899, the poorly armed and poorly led rebels broke into armed bands. The insurgency collapsed in March 1901 when the leader Emilio Aguinaldo was captured by General Frederick Funston and his Macabebe allies. Casualties included 1,037 Americans killed in action and 3,340 who died from disease; 20,000 rebels were killed. | Who was the rebel leader captured by US forces at the end of this war? | Who was the rebel leader captured by US forces at the end of this war? | [
"Who was the rebel leader captured by US forces at the end of this war?"
]
| {
"text": [
"Emilio Aguinaldo"
],
"answer_start": [
523
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-1825 | 5ad17271645df0001a2d1bf6 | Military_history_of_the_United_States | The Philippine–American War (1899–1902) was an armed conflict between a group of Filipino revolutionaries and the American forces following the ceding of the Philippines to the United States after the defeat of Spanish forces in the Battle of Manila. The Army sent in 100,000 soldiers (mostly from the National Guard) under General Elwell Otis. Defeated in the field and losing its capital in March 1899, the poorly armed and poorly led rebels broke into armed bands. The insurgency collapsed in March 1901 when the leader Emilio Aguinaldo was captured by General Frederick Funston and his Macabebe allies. Casualties included 1,037 Americans killed in action and 3,340 who died from disease; 20,000 rebels were killed. | When was the Philippine-African War fought? | When was the Philippine-African War fought? | [
"When was the Philippine-African War fought?"
]
| {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-1826 | 5ad17271645df0001a2d1bf7 | Military_history_of_the_United_States | The Philippine–American War (1899–1902) was an armed conflict between a group of Filipino revolutionaries and the American forces following the ceding of the Philippines to the United States after the defeat of Spanish forces in the Battle of Manila. The Army sent in 100,000 soldiers (mostly from the National Guard) under General Elwell Otis. Defeated in the field and losing its capital in March 1899, the poorly armed and poorly led rebels broke into armed bands. The insurgency collapsed in March 1901 when the leader Emilio Aguinaldo was captured by General Frederick Funston and his Macabebe allies. Casualties included 1,037 Americans killed in action and 3,340 who died from disease; 20,000 rebels were killed. | Where did the US defeat occupying Irish forces prior to the Philippine American War? | Where did the US defeat occupying Irish forces prior to the Philippine American War? | [
" Where did the US defeat occupying Irish forces prior to the Philippine American War?"
]
| {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-1827 | 5ad17271645df0001a2d1bf8 | Military_history_of_the_United_States | The Philippine–American War (1899–1902) was an armed conflict between a group of Filipino revolutionaries and the American forces following the ceding of the Philippines to the United States after the defeat of Spanish forces in the Battle of Manila. The Army sent in 100,000 soldiers (mostly from the National Guard) under General Elwell Otis. Defeated in the field and losing its capital in March 1899, the poorly armed and poorly led rebels broke into armed bands. The insurgency collapsed in March 1901 when the leader Emilio Aguinaldo was captured by General Frederick Funston and his Macabebe allies. Casualties included 1,037 Americans killed in action and 3,340 who died from disease; 20,000 rebels were killed. | Who led African forces in this war? | Who led African forces in this war? | [
" Who led African forces in this war?"
]
| {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-1828 | 5ad17271645df0001a2d1bf9 | Military_history_of_the_United_States | The Philippine–American War (1899–1902) was an armed conflict between a group of Filipino revolutionaries and the American forces following the ceding of the Philippines to the United States after the defeat of Spanish forces in the Battle of Manila. The Army sent in 100,000 soldiers (mostly from the National Guard) under General Elwell Otis. Defeated in the field and losing its capital in March 1899, the poorly armed and poorly led rebels broke into armed bands. The insurgency collapsed in March 1901 when the leader Emilio Aguinaldo was captured by General Frederick Funston and his Macabebe allies. Casualties included 1,037 Americans killed in action and 3,340 who died from disease; 20,000 rebels were killed. | How many troops did the UK send to the Philippines? | How many troops did the UK send to the Philippines? | [
" How many troops did the UK send to the Philippines?"
]
| {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-1829 | 5ad17271645df0001a2d1bfa | Military_history_of_the_United_States | The Philippine–American War (1899–1902) was an armed conflict between a group of Filipino revolutionaries and the American forces following the ceding of the Philippines to the United States after the defeat of Spanish forces in the Battle of Manila. The Army sent in 100,000 soldiers (mostly from the National Guard) under General Elwell Otis. Defeated in the field and losing its capital in March 1899, the poorly armed and poorly led rebels broke into armed bands. The insurgency collapsed in March 1901 when the leader Emilio Aguinaldo was captured by General Frederick Funston and his Macabebe allies. Casualties included 1,037 Americans killed in action and 3,340 who died from disease; 20,000 rebels were killed. | Who was the rebel leader captured by UK forces at the end of this war? | Who was the rebel leader captured by UK forces at the end of this war? | [
"Who was the rebel leader captured by UK forces at the end of this war?"
]
| {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-1830 | 570b44876b8089140040f842 | Military_history_of_the_United_States | The loss of eight battleships and 2,403 Americans at Pearl Harbor forced the U.S. to rely on its remaining aircraft carriers, which won a major victory over Japan at Midway just six months into the war, and on its growing submarine fleet. The Navy and Marine Corps followed this up with an island hopping campaign across the central and south Pacific in 1943–45, reaching the outskirts of Japan in the Battle of Okinawa. During 1942 and 1943, the U.S. deployed millions of men and thousands of planes and tanks to the UK, beginning with the strategic bombing of Nazi Germany and occupied Europe and leading up to the Allied invasions of occupied North Africa in November 1942, Sicily and Italy in 1943, France in 1944, and the invasion of Germany in 1945, parallel with the Soviet invasion from the east. That led to the surrender of Nazi Germany in May 1945. In the Pacific, the U.S. experienced much success in naval campaigns during 1944, but bloody battles at Iwo Jima and Okinawa in 1945 led the U.S. to look for a way to end the war with minimal loss of American lives. The U.S. used atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki to destroy the Japanese war effort and to shock the Japanese leadership, which quickly caused the surrender of Japan. | How many battleships did the US Navy lose at Pearl Harbor? | How many battleships did the US Navy lose at Pearl Harbor? | [
"How many battleships did the US Navy lose at Pearl Harbor?"
]
| {
"text": [
"eight"
],
"answer_start": [
12
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-1831 | 570b44876b8089140040f843 | Military_history_of_the_United_States | The loss of eight battleships and 2,403 Americans at Pearl Harbor forced the U.S. to rely on its remaining aircraft carriers, which won a major victory over Japan at Midway just six months into the war, and on its growing submarine fleet. The Navy and Marine Corps followed this up with an island hopping campaign across the central and south Pacific in 1943–45, reaching the outskirts of Japan in the Battle of Okinawa. During 1942 and 1943, the U.S. deployed millions of men and thousands of planes and tanks to the UK, beginning with the strategic bombing of Nazi Germany and occupied Europe and leading up to the Allied invasions of occupied North Africa in November 1942, Sicily and Italy in 1943, France in 1944, and the invasion of Germany in 1945, parallel with the Soviet invasion from the east. That led to the surrender of Nazi Germany in May 1945. In the Pacific, the U.S. experienced much success in naval campaigns during 1944, but bloody battles at Iwo Jima and Okinawa in 1945 led the U.S. to look for a way to end the war with minimal loss of American lives. The U.S. used atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki to destroy the Japanese war effort and to shock the Japanese leadership, which quickly caused the surrender of Japan. | How many Americans were killed during the Pearl Harbor attack? | How many Americans were killed during the Pearl Harbor attack? | [
"How many Americans were killed during the Pearl Harbor attack?"
]
| {
"text": [
"2,403"
],
"answer_start": [
34
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-1832 | 570b44876b8089140040f844 | Military_history_of_the_United_States | The loss of eight battleships and 2,403 Americans at Pearl Harbor forced the U.S. to rely on its remaining aircraft carriers, which won a major victory over Japan at Midway just six months into the war, and on its growing submarine fleet. The Navy and Marine Corps followed this up with an island hopping campaign across the central and south Pacific in 1943–45, reaching the outskirts of Japan in the Battle of Okinawa. During 1942 and 1943, the U.S. deployed millions of men and thousands of planes and tanks to the UK, beginning with the strategic bombing of Nazi Germany and occupied Europe and leading up to the Allied invasions of occupied North Africa in November 1942, Sicily and Italy in 1943, France in 1944, and the invasion of Germany in 1945, parallel with the Soviet invasion from the east. That led to the surrender of Nazi Germany in May 1945. In the Pacific, the U.S. experienced much success in naval campaigns during 1944, but bloody battles at Iwo Jima and Okinawa in 1945 led the U.S. to look for a way to end the war with minimal loss of American lives. The U.S. used atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki to destroy the Japanese war effort and to shock the Japanese leadership, which quickly caused the surrender of Japan. | What term describes the overall US strategy in the Pacific in WWII? | What term describes the overall US strategy in the Pacific in WWII? | [
"What term describes the overall US strategy in the Pacific in WWII?"
]
| {
"text": [
"island hopping"
],
"answer_start": [
290
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-1833 | 570b44876b8089140040f845 | Military_history_of_the_United_States | The loss of eight battleships and 2,403 Americans at Pearl Harbor forced the U.S. to rely on its remaining aircraft carriers, which won a major victory over Japan at Midway just six months into the war, and on its growing submarine fleet. The Navy and Marine Corps followed this up with an island hopping campaign across the central and south Pacific in 1943–45, reaching the outskirts of Japan in the Battle of Okinawa. During 1942 and 1943, the U.S. deployed millions of men and thousands of planes and tanks to the UK, beginning with the strategic bombing of Nazi Germany and occupied Europe and leading up to the Allied invasions of occupied North Africa in November 1942, Sicily and Italy in 1943, France in 1944, and the invasion of Germany in 1945, parallel with the Soviet invasion from the east. That led to the surrender of Nazi Germany in May 1945. In the Pacific, the U.S. experienced much success in naval campaigns during 1944, but bloody battles at Iwo Jima and Okinawa in 1945 led the U.S. to look for a way to end the war with minimal loss of American lives. The U.S. used atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki to destroy the Japanese war effort and to shock the Japanese leadership, which quickly caused the surrender of Japan. | When did the Allies invade North Africa? | When did the Allies invade North Africa? | [
"When did the Allies invade North Africa?"
]
| {
"text": [
"1942"
],
"answer_start": [
671
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-1834 | 570b44876b8089140040f846 | Military_history_of_the_United_States | The loss of eight battleships and 2,403 Americans at Pearl Harbor forced the U.S. to rely on its remaining aircraft carriers, which won a major victory over Japan at Midway just six months into the war, and on its growing submarine fleet. The Navy and Marine Corps followed this up with an island hopping campaign across the central and south Pacific in 1943–45, reaching the outskirts of Japan in the Battle of Okinawa. During 1942 and 1943, the U.S. deployed millions of men and thousands of planes and tanks to the UK, beginning with the strategic bombing of Nazi Germany and occupied Europe and leading up to the Allied invasions of occupied North Africa in November 1942, Sicily and Italy in 1943, France in 1944, and the invasion of Germany in 1945, parallel with the Soviet invasion from the east. That led to the surrender of Nazi Germany in May 1945. In the Pacific, the U.S. experienced much success in naval campaigns during 1944, but bloody battles at Iwo Jima and Okinawa in 1945 led the U.S. to look for a way to end the war with minimal loss of American lives. The U.S. used atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki to destroy the Japanese war effort and to shock the Japanese leadership, which quickly caused the surrender of Japan. | Which two Japanese cities were hit with atomic bombs? | Which two Japanese cities were hit with atomic bombs? | [
"Which two Japanese cities were hit with atomic bombs?"
]
| {
"text": [
"Hiroshima and Nagasaki"
],
"answer_start": [
1106
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-1835 | 5ad1747c645df0001a2d1c84 | Military_history_of_the_United_States | The loss of eight battleships and 2,403 Americans at Pearl Harbor forced the U.S. to rely on its remaining aircraft carriers, which won a major victory over Japan at Midway just six months into the war, and on its growing submarine fleet. The Navy and Marine Corps followed this up with an island hopping campaign across the central and south Pacific in 1943–45, reaching the outskirts of Japan in the Battle of Okinawa. During 1942 and 1943, the U.S. deployed millions of men and thousands of planes and tanks to the UK, beginning with the strategic bombing of Nazi Germany and occupied Europe and leading up to the Allied invasions of occupied North Africa in November 1942, Sicily and Italy in 1943, France in 1944, and the invasion of Germany in 1945, parallel with the Soviet invasion from the east. That led to the surrender of Nazi Germany in May 1945. In the Pacific, the U.S. experienced much success in naval campaigns during 1944, but bloody battles at Iwo Jima and Okinawa in 1945 led the U.S. to look for a way to end the war with minimal loss of American lives. The U.S. used atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki to destroy the Japanese war effort and to shock the Japanese leadership, which quickly caused the surrender of Japan. | How many battleships did the UK Navy lose at Pearl Harbor? | How many battleships did the UK Navy lose at Pearl Harbor? | [
"How many battleships did the UK Navy lose at Pearl Harbor?"
]
| {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-1836 | 5ad1747c645df0001a2d1c85 | Military_history_of_the_United_States | The loss of eight battleships and 2,403 Americans at Pearl Harbor forced the U.S. to rely on its remaining aircraft carriers, which won a major victory over Japan at Midway just six months into the war, and on its growing submarine fleet. The Navy and Marine Corps followed this up with an island hopping campaign across the central and south Pacific in 1943–45, reaching the outskirts of Japan in the Battle of Okinawa. During 1942 and 1943, the U.S. deployed millions of men and thousands of planes and tanks to the UK, beginning with the strategic bombing of Nazi Germany and occupied Europe and leading up to the Allied invasions of occupied North Africa in November 1942, Sicily and Italy in 1943, France in 1944, and the invasion of Germany in 1945, parallel with the Soviet invasion from the east. That led to the surrender of Nazi Germany in May 1945. In the Pacific, the U.S. experienced much success in naval campaigns during 1944, but bloody battles at Iwo Jima and Okinawa in 1945 led the U.S. to look for a way to end the war with minimal loss of American lives. The U.S. used atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki to destroy the Japanese war effort and to shock the Japanese leadership, which quickly caused the surrender of Japan. | How many non-americans were killed during the Pearl Harbor attack? | How many non-americans were killed during the Pearl Harbor attack? | [
" How many non-americans were killed during the Pearl Harbor attack?"
]
| {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-1837 | 5ad1747c645df0001a2d1c86 | Military_history_of_the_United_States | The loss of eight battleships and 2,403 Americans at Pearl Harbor forced the U.S. to rely on its remaining aircraft carriers, which won a major victory over Japan at Midway just six months into the war, and on its growing submarine fleet. The Navy and Marine Corps followed this up with an island hopping campaign across the central and south Pacific in 1943–45, reaching the outskirts of Japan in the Battle of Okinawa. During 1942 and 1943, the U.S. deployed millions of men and thousands of planes and tanks to the UK, beginning with the strategic bombing of Nazi Germany and occupied Europe and leading up to the Allied invasions of occupied North Africa in November 1942, Sicily and Italy in 1943, France in 1944, and the invasion of Germany in 1945, parallel with the Soviet invasion from the east. That led to the surrender of Nazi Germany in May 1945. In the Pacific, the U.S. experienced much success in naval campaigns during 1944, but bloody battles at Iwo Jima and Okinawa in 1945 led the U.S. to look for a way to end the war with minimal loss of American lives. The U.S. used atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki to destroy the Japanese war effort and to shock the Japanese leadership, which quickly caused the surrender of Japan. | What term describes the overall UK strategy in the Pacific in WWII? | What term describes the overall UK strategy in the Pacific in WWII? | [
"What term describes the overall UK strategy in the Pacific in WWII?"
]
| {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-1838 | 5ad1747c645df0001a2d1c87 | Military_history_of_the_United_States | The loss of eight battleships and 2,403 Americans at Pearl Harbor forced the U.S. to rely on its remaining aircraft carriers, which won a major victory over Japan at Midway just six months into the war, and on its growing submarine fleet. The Navy and Marine Corps followed this up with an island hopping campaign across the central and south Pacific in 1943–45, reaching the outskirts of Japan in the Battle of Okinawa. During 1942 and 1943, the U.S. deployed millions of men and thousands of planes and tanks to the UK, beginning with the strategic bombing of Nazi Germany and occupied Europe and leading up to the Allied invasions of occupied North Africa in November 1942, Sicily and Italy in 1943, France in 1944, and the invasion of Germany in 1945, parallel with the Soviet invasion from the east. That led to the surrender of Nazi Germany in May 1945. In the Pacific, the U.S. experienced much success in naval campaigns during 1944, but bloody battles at Iwo Jima and Okinawa in 1945 led the U.S. to look for a way to end the war with minimal loss of American lives. The U.S. used atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki to destroy the Japanese war effort and to shock the Japanese leadership, which quickly caused the surrender of Japan. | When did the Allies invade South Africa? | When did the Allies invade South Africa? | [
" When did the Allies invade South Africa?"
]
| {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-1839 | 5ad1747c645df0001a2d1c88 | Military_history_of_the_United_States | The loss of eight battleships and 2,403 Americans at Pearl Harbor forced the U.S. to rely on its remaining aircraft carriers, which won a major victory over Japan at Midway just six months into the war, and on its growing submarine fleet. The Navy and Marine Corps followed this up with an island hopping campaign across the central and south Pacific in 1943–45, reaching the outskirts of Japan in the Battle of Okinawa. During 1942 and 1943, the U.S. deployed millions of men and thousands of planes and tanks to the UK, beginning with the strategic bombing of Nazi Germany and occupied Europe and leading up to the Allied invasions of occupied North Africa in November 1942, Sicily and Italy in 1943, France in 1944, and the invasion of Germany in 1945, parallel with the Soviet invasion from the east. That led to the surrender of Nazi Germany in May 1945. In the Pacific, the U.S. experienced much success in naval campaigns during 1944, but bloody battles at Iwo Jima and Okinawa in 1945 led the U.S. to look for a way to end the war with minimal loss of American lives. The U.S. used atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki to destroy the Japanese war effort and to shock the Japanese leadership, which quickly caused the surrender of Japan. | Which two Chinese cities were hit with atomic bombs? | Which two Chinese cities were hit with atomic bombs? | [
" Which two Chinese cities were hit with atomic bombs?"
]
| {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-1840 | 570b4563ec8fbc190045b942 | Military_history_of_the_United_States | The Korean War was a conflict between the United States and its United Nations allies and the communist powers under influence of the Soviet Union (also a UN member nation) and the People's Republic of China (which later also gained UN membership). The principal combatants were North and South Korea. Principal allies of South Korea included the United States, Canada, Australia, the United Kingdom, although many other nations sent troops under the aegis of the United Nations. Allies of North Korea included the People's Republic of China, which supplied military forces, and the Soviet Union, which supplied combat advisors and aircraft pilots, as well as arms, for the Chinese and North Korean troops. | What country supplied troops to North Korea during the Korean War? | What country supplied troops to North Korea during the Korean War? | [
"What country supplied troops to North Korea during the Korean War?"
]
| {
"text": [
"the People's Republic of China"
],
"answer_start": [
511
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-1841 | 570b4563ec8fbc190045b943 | Military_history_of_the_United_States | The Korean War was a conflict between the United States and its United Nations allies and the communist powers under influence of the Soviet Union (also a UN member nation) and the People's Republic of China (which later also gained UN membership). The principal combatants were North and South Korea. Principal allies of South Korea included the United States, Canada, Australia, the United Kingdom, although many other nations sent troops under the aegis of the United Nations. Allies of North Korea included the People's Republic of China, which supplied military forces, and the Soviet Union, which supplied combat advisors and aircraft pilots, as well as arms, for the Chinese and North Korean troops. | What country supplied advisors, pilots, and war materiel to North Korea? | What country supplied advisors, pilots, and war materiel to North Korea? | [
"What country supplied advisors, pilots, and war materiel to North Korea?"
]
| {
"text": [
"the Soviet Union"
],
"answer_start": [
579
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-1842 | 570b4563ec8fbc190045b944 | Military_history_of_the_United_States | The Korean War was a conflict between the United States and its United Nations allies and the communist powers under influence of the Soviet Union (also a UN member nation) and the People's Republic of China (which later also gained UN membership). The principal combatants were North and South Korea. Principal allies of South Korea included the United States, Canada, Australia, the United Kingdom, although many other nations sent troops under the aegis of the United Nations. Allies of North Korea included the People's Republic of China, which supplied military forces, and the Soviet Union, which supplied combat advisors and aircraft pilots, as well as arms, for the Chinese and North Korean troops. | What country was the principal ally of South Korea during the war? | What country was the principal ally of South Korea during the war? | [
"What country was the principal ally of South Korea during the war?"
]
| {
"text": [
"the United States"
],
"answer_start": [
38
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-1843 | 570b4563ec8fbc190045b945 | Military_history_of_the_United_States | The Korean War was a conflict between the United States and its United Nations allies and the communist powers under influence of the Soviet Union (also a UN member nation) and the People's Republic of China (which later also gained UN membership). The principal combatants were North and South Korea. Principal allies of South Korea included the United States, Canada, Australia, the United Kingdom, although many other nations sent troops under the aegis of the United Nations. Allies of North Korea included the People's Republic of China, which supplied military forces, and the Soviet Union, which supplied combat advisors and aircraft pilots, as well as arms, for the Chinese and North Korean troops. | What organization did all combatants on both sides of the war belong to? | What organization did all combatants on both sides of the war belong to? | [
"What organization did all combatants on both sides of the war belong to?"
]
| {
"text": [
"United Nations"
],
"answer_start": [
64
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-1844 | 570b4563ec8fbc190045b946 | Military_history_of_the_United_States | The Korean War was a conflict between the United States and its United Nations allies and the communist powers under influence of the Soviet Union (also a UN member nation) and the People's Republic of China (which later also gained UN membership). The principal combatants were North and South Korea. Principal allies of South Korea included the United States, Canada, Australia, the United Kingdom, although many other nations sent troops under the aegis of the United Nations. Allies of North Korea included the People's Republic of China, which supplied military forces, and the Soviet Union, which supplied combat advisors and aircraft pilots, as well as arms, for the Chinese and North Korean troops. | Which two countries were the primary fighters for territory in the Korean War? | Which two countries were the primary fighters for territory in the Korean War? | [
"Which two countries were the primary fighters for territory in the Korean War?"
]
| {
"text": [
"North and South Korea"
],
"answer_start": [
279
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-1845 | 5ad174fe645df0001a2d1ca2 | Military_history_of_the_United_States | The Korean War was a conflict between the United States and its United Nations allies and the communist powers under influence of the Soviet Union (also a UN member nation) and the People's Republic of China (which later also gained UN membership). The principal combatants were North and South Korea. Principal allies of South Korea included the United States, Canada, Australia, the United Kingdom, although many other nations sent troops under the aegis of the United Nations. Allies of North Korea included the People's Republic of China, which supplied military forces, and the Soviet Union, which supplied combat advisors and aircraft pilots, as well as arms, for the Chinese and North Korean troops. | What country supplied troops to South Korea during the Korean War? | What country supplied troops to South Korea during the Korean War? | [
"What country supplied troops to South Korea during the Korean War?"
]
| {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-1846 | 5ad174fe645df0001a2d1ca3 | Military_history_of_the_United_States | The Korean War was a conflict between the United States and its United Nations allies and the communist powers under influence of the Soviet Union (also a UN member nation) and the People's Republic of China (which later also gained UN membership). The principal combatants were North and South Korea. Principal allies of South Korea included the United States, Canada, Australia, the United Kingdom, although many other nations sent troops under the aegis of the United Nations. Allies of North Korea included the People's Republic of China, which supplied military forces, and the Soviet Union, which supplied combat advisors and aircraft pilots, as well as arms, for the Chinese and North Korean troops. | What country supplied advisors, pilots, and war materiel to South Korea? | What country supplied advisors, pilots, and war materiel to South Korea? | [
"What country supplied advisors, pilots, and war materiel to South Korea?"
]
| {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-1847 | 5ad174fe645df0001a2d1ca4 | Military_history_of_the_United_States | The Korean War was a conflict between the United States and its United Nations allies and the communist powers under influence of the Soviet Union (also a UN member nation) and the People's Republic of China (which later also gained UN membership). The principal combatants were North and South Korea. Principal allies of South Korea included the United States, Canada, Australia, the United Kingdom, although many other nations sent troops under the aegis of the United Nations. Allies of North Korea included the People's Republic of China, which supplied military forces, and the Soviet Union, which supplied combat advisors and aircraft pilots, as well as arms, for the Chinese and North Korean troops. | What country was the principal ally of North Korea during the war? | What country was the principal ally of North Korea during the war? | [
" What country was the principal ally of North Korea during the war?"
]
| {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-1848 | 5ad174fe645df0001a2d1ca5 | Military_history_of_the_United_States | The Korean War was a conflict between the United States and its United Nations allies and the communist powers under influence of the Soviet Union (also a UN member nation) and the People's Republic of China (which later also gained UN membership). The principal combatants were North and South Korea. Principal allies of South Korea included the United States, Canada, Australia, the United Kingdom, although many other nations sent troops under the aegis of the United Nations. Allies of North Korea included the People's Republic of China, which supplied military forces, and the Soviet Union, which supplied combat advisors and aircraft pilots, as well as arms, for the Chinese and North Korean troops. | What organization did all combatants on both sides of the war not belong to? | What organization did all combatants on both sides of the war not belong to? | [
"What organization did all combatants on both sides of the war not belong to?"
]
| {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-1849 | 5ad174fe645df0001a2d1ca6 | Military_history_of_the_United_States | The Korean War was a conflict between the United States and its United Nations allies and the communist powers under influence of the Soviet Union (also a UN member nation) and the People's Republic of China (which later also gained UN membership). The principal combatants were North and South Korea. Principal allies of South Korea included the United States, Canada, Australia, the United Kingdom, although many other nations sent troops under the aegis of the United Nations. Allies of North Korea included the People's Republic of China, which supplied military forces, and the Soviet Union, which supplied combat advisors and aircraft pilots, as well as arms, for the Chinese and North Korean troops. | Which two countries were the primary fighters for territory in the Japanese War? | Which two countries were the primary fighters for territory in the Japanese War? | [
"Which two countries were the primary fighters for territory in the Japanese War?"
]
| {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-1850 | 570b464a6b8089140040f84c | Military_history_of_the_United_States | The war started badly for the US and UN. North Korean forces struck massively in the summer of 1950 and nearly drove the outnumbered US and ROK defenders into the sea. However the United Nations intervened, naming Douglas MacArthur commander of its forces, and UN-US-ROK forces held a perimeter around Pusan, gaining time for reinforcement. MacArthur, in a bold but risky move, ordered an amphibious invasion well behind the front lines at Inchon, cutting off and routing the North Koreans and quickly crossing the 38th Parallel into North Korea. As UN forces continued to advance toward the Yalu River on the border with Communist China, the Chinese crossed the Yalu River in October and launched a series of surprise attacks that sent the UN forces reeling back across the 38th Parallel. Truman originally wanted a Rollback strategy to unify Korea; after the Chinese successes he settled for a Containment policy to split the country. MacArthur argued for rollback but was fired by President Harry Truman after disputes over the conduct of the war. Peace negotiations dragged on for two years until President Dwight D. Eisenhower threatened China with nuclear weapons; an armistice was quickly reached with the two Koreas remaining divided at the 38th parallel. North and South Korea are still today in a state of war, having never signed a peace treaty, and American forces remain stationed in South Korea as part of American foreign policy. | When did North Korean forces initiate attacks on US and UN forces in the Korean war? | When did North Korean forces initiate attacks on US and UN forces in the Korean war? | [
"When did North Korean forces initiate attacks on US and UN forces in the Korean war?"
]
| {
"text": [
"1950"
],
"answer_start": [
95
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-1851 | 570b464a6b8089140040f84d | Military_history_of_the_United_States | The war started badly for the US and UN. North Korean forces struck massively in the summer of 1950 and nearly drove the outnumbered US and ROK defenders into the sea. However the United Nations intervened, naming Douglas MacArthur commander of its forces, and UN-US-ROK forces held a perimeter around Pusan, gaining time for reinforcement. MacArthur, in a bold but risky move, ordered an amphibious invasion well behind the front lines at Inchon, cutting off and routing the North Koreans and quickly crossing the 38th Parallel into North Korea. As UN forces continued to advance toward the Yalu River on the border with Communist China, the Chinese crossed the Yalu River in October and launched a series of surprise attacks that sent the UN forces reeling back across the 38th Parallel. Truman originally wanted a Rollback strategy to unify Korea; after the Chinese successes he settled for a Containment policy to split the country. MacArthur argued for rollback but was fired by President Harry Truman after disputes over the conduct of the war. Peace negotiations dragged on for two years until President Dwight D. Eisenhower threatened China with nuclear weapons; an armistice was quickly reached with the two Koreas remaining divided at the 38th parallel. North and South Korea are still today in a state of war, having never signed a peace treaty, and American forces remain stationed in South Korea as part of American foreign policy. | What South Korean city did the US and ROK forces defend while building reinforcements? | What South Korean city did the US and ROK forces defend while building reinforcements? | [
"What South Korean city did the US and ROK forces defend while building reinforcements?"
]
| {
"text": [
"Pusan"
],
"answer_start": [
302
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-1852 | 570b464a6b8089140040f84e | Military_history_of_the_United_States | The war started badly for the US and UN. North Korean forces struck massively in the summer of 1950 and nearly drove the outnumbered US and ROK defenders into the sea. However the United Nations intervened, naming Douglas MacArthur commander of its forces, and UN-US-ROK forces held a perimeter around Pusan, gaining time for reinforcement. MacArthur, in a bold but risky move, ordered an amphibious invasion well behind the front lines at Inchon, cutting off and routing the North Koreans and quickly crossing the 38th Parallel into North Korea. As UN forces continued to advance toward the Yalu River on the border with Communist China, the Chinese crossed the Yalu River in October and launched a series of surprise attacks that sent the UN forces reeling back across the 38th Parallel. Truman originally wanted a Rollback strategy to unify Korea; after the Chinese successes he settled for a Containment policy to split the country. MacArthur argued for rollback but was fired by President Harry Truman after disputes over the conduct of the war. Peace negotiations dragged on for two years until President Dwight D. Eisenhower threatened China with nuclear weapons; an armistice was quickly reached with the two Koreas remaining divided at the 38th parallel. North and South Korea are still today in a state of war, having never signed a peace treaty, and American forces remain stationed in South Korea as part of American foreign policy. | What type of attack was used on Inchon? | What type of attack was used on Inchon? | [
"What type of attack was used on Inchon?"
]
| {
"text": [
"amphibious invasion"
],
"answer_start": [
389
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-1853 | 570b464a6b8089140040f84f | Military_history_of_the_United_States | The war started badly for the US and UN. North Korean forces struck massively in the summer of 1950 and nearly drove the outnumbered US and ROK defenders into the sea. However the United Nations intervened, naming Douglas MacArthur commander of its forces, and UN-US-ROK forces held a perimeter around Pusan, gaining time for reinforcement. MacArthur, in a bold but risky move, ordered an amphibious invasion well behind the front lines at Inchon, cutting off and routing the North Koreans and quickly crossing the 38th Parallel into North Korea. As UN forces continued to advance toward the Yalu River on the border with Communist China, the Chinese crossed the Yalu River in October and launched a series of surprise attacks that sent the UN forces reeling back across the 38th Parallel. Truman originally wanted a Rollback strategy to unify Korea; after the Chinese successes he settled for a Containment policy to split the country. MacArthur argued for rollback but was fired by President Harry Truman after disputes over the conduct of the war. Peace negotiations dragged on for two years until President Dwight D. Eisenhower threatened China with nuclear weapons; an armistice was quickly reached with the two Koreas remaining divided at the 38th parallel. North and South Korea are still today in a state of war, having never signed a peace treaty, and American forces remain stationed in South Korea as part of American foreign policy. | Chinese troops attacked the UN forces when they crossed what river? | Chinese troops attacked the UN forces when they crossed what river? | [
"Chinese troops attacked the UN forces when they crossed what river? "
]
| {
"text": [
"the Yalu River"
],
"answer_start": [
659
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-1854 | 570b464a6b8089140040f850 | Military_history_of_the_United_States | The war started badly for the US and UN. North Korean forces struck massively in the summer of 1950 and nearly drove the outnumbered US and ROK defenders into the sea. However the United Nations intervened, naming Douglas MacArthur commander of its forces, and UN-US-ROK forces held a perimeter around Pusan, gaining time for reinforcement. MacArthur, in a bold but risky move, ordered an amphibious invasion well behind the front lines at Inchon, cutting off and routing the North Koreans and quickly crossing the 38th Parallel into North Korea. As UN forces continued to advance toward the Yalu River on the border with Communist China, the Chinese crossed the Yalu River in October and launched a series of surprise attacks that sent the UN forces reeling back across the 38th Parallel. Truman originally wanted a Rollback strategy to unify Korea; after the Chinese successes he settled for a Containment policy to split the country. MacArthur argued for rollback but was fired by President Harry Truman after disputes over the conduct of the war. Peace negotiations dragged on for two years until President Dwight D. Eisenhower threatened China with nuclear weapons; an armistice was quickly reached with the two Koreas remaining divided at the 38th parallel. North and South Korea are still today in a state of war, having never signed a peace treaty, and American forces remain stationed in South Korea as part of American foreign policy. | What general was fired for defying President Truman's containment strategy? | What general was fired for defying President Truman's containment strategy? | [
"What general was fired for defying President Truman's containment strategy?"
]
| {
"text": [
"Douglas MacArthur"
],
"answer_start": [
214
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-1855 | 5ad1753b645df0001a2d1cac | Military_history_of_the_United_States | The war started badly for the US and UN. North Korean forces struck massively in the summer of 1950 and nearly drove the outnumbered US and ROK defenders into the sea. However the United Nations intervened, naming Douglas MacArthur commander of its forces, and UN-US-ROK forces held a perimeter around Pusan, gaining time for reinforcement. MacArthur, in a bold but risky move, ordered an amphibious invasion well behind the front lines at Inchon, cutting off and routing the North Koreans and quickly crossing the 38th Parallel into North Korea. As UN forces continued to advance toward the Yalu River on the border with Communist China, the Chinese crossed the Yalu River in October and launched a series of surprise attacks that sent the UN forces reeling back across the 38th Parallel. Truman originally wanted a Rollback strategy to unify Korea; after the Chinese successes he settled for a Containment policy to split the country. MacArthur argued for rollback but was fired by President Harry Truman after disputes over the conduct of the war. Peace negotiations dragged on for two years until President Dwight D. Eisenhower threatened China with nuclear weapons; an armistice was quickly reached with the two Koreas remaining divided at the 38th parallel. North and South Korea are still today in a state of war, having never signed a peace treaty, and American forces remain stationed in South Korea as part of American foreign policy. | When did North Korean forces initiate attacks on US and UK forces in the Korean war? | When did North Korean forces initiate attacks on US and UK forces in the Korean war? | [
"When did North Korean forces initiate attacks on US and UK forces in the Korean war?"
]
| {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-1856 | 5ad1753b645df0001a2d1cad | Military_history_of_the_United_States | The war started badly for the US and UN. North Korean forces struck massively in the summer of 1950 and nearly drove the outnumbered US and ROK defenders into the sea. However the United Nations intervened, naming Douglas MacArthur commander of its forces, and UN-US-ROK forces held a perimeter around Pusan, gaining time for reinforcement. MacArthur, in a bold but risky move, ordered an amphibious invasion well behind the front lines at Inchon, cutting off and routing the North Koreans and quickly crossing the 38th Parallel into North Korea. As UN forces continued to advance toward the Yalu River on the border with Communist China, the Chinese crossed the Yalu River in October and launched a series of surprise attacks that sent the UN forces reeling back across the 38th Parallel. Truman originally wanted a Rollback strategy to unify Korea; after the Chinese successes he settled for a Containment policy to split the country. MacArthur argued for rollback but was fired by President Harry Truman after disputes over the conduct of the war. Peace negotiations dragged on for two years until President Dwight D. Eisenhower threatened China with nuclear weapons; an armistice was quickly reached with the two Koreas remaining divided at the 38th parallel. North and South Korea are still today in a state of war, having never signed a peace treaty, and American forces remain stationed in South Korea as part of American foreign policy. | What South Korean city did the US and Canadian forces defend while building reinforcements? | What South Korean city did the US and Canadian forces defend while building reinforcements? | [
"What South Korean city did the US and Canadian forces defend while building reinforcements?"
]
| {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-1857 | 5ad1753b645df0001a2d1cae | Military_history_of_the_United_States | The war started badly for the US and UN. North Korean forces struck massively in the summer of 1950 and nearly drove the outnumbered US and ROK defenders into the sea. However the United Nations intervened, naming Douglas MacArthur commander of its forces, and UN-US-ROK forces held a perimeter around Pusan, gaining time for reinforcement. MacArthur, in a bold but risky move, ordered an amphibious invasion well behind the front lines at Inchon, cutting off and routing the North Koreans and quickly crossing the 38th Parallel into North Korea. As UN forces continued to advance toward the Yalu River on the border with Communist China, the Chinese crossed the Yalu River in October and launched a series of surprise attacks that sent the UN forces reeling back across the 38th Parallel. Truman originally wanted a Rollback strategy to unify Korea; after the Chinese successes he settled for a Containment policy to split the country. MacArthur argued for rollback but was fired by President Harry Truman after disputes over the conduct of the war. Peace negotiations dragged on for two years until President Dwight D. Eisenhower threatened China with nuclear weapons; an armistice was quickly reached with the two Koreas remaining divided at the 38th parallel. North and South Korea are still today in a state of war, having never signed a peace treaty, and American forces remain stationed in South Korea as part of American foreign policy. | What type of attack was used on Pinchon? | What type of attack was used on Pinchon? | [
" What type of attack was used on Pinchon?"
]
| {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-1858 | 5ad1753b645df0001a2d1caf | Military_history_of_the_United_States | The war started badly for the US and UN. North Korean forces struck massively in the summer of 1950 and nearly drove the outnumbered US and ROK defenders into the sea. However the United Nations intervened, naming Douglas MacArthur commander of its forces, and UN-US-ROK forces held a perimeter around Pusan, gaining time for reinforcement. MacArthur, in a bold but risky move, ordered an amphibious invasion well behind the front lines at Inchon, cutting off and routing the North Koreans and quickly crossing the 38th Parallel into North Korea. As UN forces continued to advance toward the Yalu River on the border with Communist China, the Chinese crossed the Yalu River in October and launched a series of surprise attacks that sent the UN forces reeling back across the 38th Parallel. Truman originally wanted a Rollback strategy to unify Korea; after the Chinese successes he settled for a Containment policy to split the country. MacArthur argued for rollback but was fired by President Harry Truman after disputes over the conduct of the war. Peace negotiations dragged on for two years until President Dwight D. Eisenhower threatened China with nuclear weapons; an armistice was quickly reached with the two Koreas remaining divided at the 38th parallel. North and South Korea are still today in a state of war, having never signed a peace treaty, and American forces remain stationed in South Korea as part of American foreign policy. | Chinese troops attacked the UN forces when they crossed what ocean? | Chinese troops attacked the UN forces when they crossed what ocean? | [
"Chinese troops attacked the UN forces when they crossed what ocean?"
]
| {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-1859 | 5ad1753b645df0001a2d1cb0 | Military_history_of_the_United_States | The war started badly for the US and UN. North Korean forces struck massively in the summer of 1950 and nearly drove the outnumbered US and ROK defenders into the sea. However the United Nations intervened, naming Douglas MacArthur commander of its forces, and UN-US-ROK forces held a perimeter around Pusan, gaining time for reinforcement. MacArthur, in a bold but risky move, ordered an amphibious invasion well behind the front lines at Inchon, cutting off and routing the North Koreans and quickly crossing the 38th Parallel into North Korea. As UN forces continued to advance toward the Yalu River on the border with Communist China, the Chinese crossed the Yalu River in October and launched a series of surprise attacks that sent the UN forces reeling back across the 38th Parallel. Truman originally wanted a Rollback strategy to unify Korea; after the Chinese successes he settled for a Containment policy to split the country. MacArthur argued for rollback but was fired by President Harry Truman after disputes over the conduct of the war. Peace negotiations dragged on for two years until President Dwight D. Eisenhower threatened China with nuclear weapons; an armistice was quickly reached with the two Koreas remaining divided at the 38th parallel. North and South Korea are still today in a state of war, having never signed a peace treaty, and American forces remain stationed in South Korea as part of American foreign policy. | What general was fired for defying President Trump's containment strategy? | What general was fired for defying President Trump's containment strategy? | [
"What general was fired for defying President Trump's containment strategy?"
]
| {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-1860 | 570b46f8ec8fbc190045b94c | Military_history_of_the_United_States | Fighting on one side was a coalition of forces including the Republic of Vietnam (South Vietnam or the "RVN"), the United States, supplemented by South Korea, Thailand, Australia, New Zealand, and the Philippines. The allies fought against the North Vietnamese Army (NVA) as well as the National Liberation Front (NLF, also known as Viet communists Viet Cong), or "VC", a guerrilla force within South Vietnam. The NVA received substantial military and economic aid from the Soviet Union and China, turning Vietnam into a proxy war. | What acronym was given to South Vietnamese troops? | What acronym was given to South Vietnamese troops? | [
"What acronym was given to South Vietnamese troops?"
]
| {
"text": [
"RVN"
],
"answer_start": [
104
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-1861 | 570b46f8ec8fbc190045b94d | Military_history_of_the_United_States | Fighting on one side was a coalition of forces including the Republic of Vietnam (South Vietnam or the "RVN"), the United States, supplemented by South Korea, Thailand, Australia, New Zealand, and the Philippines. The allies fought against the North Vietnamese Army (NVA) as well as the National Liberation Front (NLF, also known as Viet communists Viet Cong), or "VC", a guerrilla force within South Vietnam. The NVA received substantial military and economic aid from the Soviet Union and China, turning Vietnam into a proxy war. | What acronym was given to North Vietnamese army regulars? | What acronym was given to North Vietnamese army regulars? | [
"What acronym was given to North Vietnamese army regulars?"
]
| {
"text": [
"NVA"
],
"answer_start": [
267
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-1862 | 570b46f8ec8fbc190045b94e | Military_history_of_the_United_States | Fighting on one side was a coalition of forces including the Republic of Vietnam (South Vietnam or the "RVN"), the United States, supplemented by South Korea, Thailand, Australia, New Zealand, and the Philippines. The allies fought against the North Vietnamese Army (NVA) as well as the National Liberation Front (NLF, also known as Viet communists Viet Cong), or "VC", a guerrilla force within South Vietnam. The NVA received substantial military and economic aid from the Soviet Union and China, turning Vietnam into a proxy war. | By what name were fighters of the National Liberation Front known? | By what name were fighters of the National Liberation Front known? | [
"By what name were fighters of the National Liberation Front known?"
]
| {
"text": [
"Viet Cong"
],
"answer_start": [
349
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-1863 | 570b46f8ec8fbc190045b94f | Military_history_of_the_United_States | Fighting on one side was a coalition of forces including the Republic of Vietnam (South Vietnam or the "RVN"), the United States, supplemented by South Korea, Thailand, Australia, New Zealand, and the Philippines. The allies fought against the North Vietnamese Army (NVA) as well as the National Liberation Front (NLF, also known as Viet communists Viet Cong), or "VC", a guerrilla force within South Vietnam. The NVA received substantial military and economic aid from the Soviet Union and China, turning Vietnam into a proxy war. | The VC operated in what geographic area? | The VC operated in what geographic area? | [
"The VC operated in what geographic area?"
]
| {
"text": [
"South Vietnam"
],
"answer_start": [
395
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-1864 | 570b46f8ec8fbc190045b950 | Military_history_of_the_United_States | Fighting on one side was a coalition of forces including the Republic of Vietnam (South Vietnam or the "RVN"), the United States, supplemented by South Korea, Thailand, Australia, New Zealand, and the Philippines. The allies fought against the North Vietnamese Army (NVA) as well as the National Liberation Front (NLF, also known as Viet communists Viet Cong), or "VC", a guerrilla force within South Vietnam. The NVA received substantial military and economic aid from the Soviet Union and China, turning Vietnam into a proxy war. | The NVA was aided by military and financial aid from what two countries? | The NVA was aided by military and financial aid from what two countries? | [
"The NVA was aided by military and financial aid from what two countries?"
]
| {
"text": [
"Soviet Union and China"
],
"answer_start": [
474
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-1865 | 5ad175a4645df0001a2d1cd4 | Military_history_of_the_United_States | Fighting on one side was a coalition of forces including the Republic of Vietnam (South Vietnam or the "RVN"), the United States, supplemented by South Korea, Thailand, Australia, New Zealand, and the Philippines. The allies fought against the North Vietnamese Army (NVA) as well as the National Liberation Front (NLF, also known as Viet communists Viet Cong), or "VC", a guerrilla force within South Vietnam. The NVA received substantial military and economic aid from the Soviet Union and China, turning Vietnam into a proxy war. | What acronym was given to North Vietnamese troops? | What acronym was given to North Vietnamese troops? | [
" What acronym was given to North Vietnamese troops?"
]
| {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-1866 | 5ad175a4645df0001a2d1cd5 | Military_history_of_the_United_States | Fighting on one side was a coalition of forces including the Republic of Vietnam (South Vietnam or the "RVN"), the United States, supplemented by South Korea, Thailand, Australia, New Zealand, and the Philippines. The allies fought against the North Vietnamese Army (NVA) as well as the National Liberation Front (NLF, also known as Viet communists Viet Cong), or "VC", a guerrilla force within South Vietnam. The NVA received substantial military and economic aid from the Soviet Union and China, turning Vietnam into a proxy war. | What acronym was given to North Korean army regulars? | What acronym was given to North Korean army regulars? | [
" What acronym was given to North Korean army regulars?"
]
| {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-1867 | 5ad175a4645df0001a2d1cd6 | Military_history_of_the_United_States | Fighting on one side was a coalition of forces including the Republic of Vietnam (South Vietnam or the "RVN"), the United States, supplemented by South Korea, Thailand, Australia, New Zealand, and the Philippines. The allies fought against the North Vietnamese Army (NVA) as well as the National Liberation Front (NLF, also known as Viet communists Viet Cong), or "VC", a guerrilla force within South Vietnam. The NVA received substantial military and economic aid from the Soviet Union and China, turning Vietnam into a proxy war. | By what name were fighters of the National Liberation Back known? | By what name were fighters of the National Liberation Back known? | [
"By what name were fighters of the National Liberation Back known?"
]
| {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-1868 | 5ad175a4645df0001a2d1cd7 | Military_history_of_the_United_States | Fighting on one side was a coalition of forces including the Republic of Vietnam (South Vietnam or the "RVN"), the United States, supplemented by South Korea, Thailand, Australia, New Zealand, and the Philippines. The allies fought against the North Vietnamese Army (NVA) as well as the National Liberation Front (NLF, also known as Viet communists Viet Cong), or "VC", a guerrilla force within South Vietnam. The NVA received substantial military and economic aid from the Soviet Union and China, turning Vietnam into a proxy war. | The VIC operated in what geographic area? | The VIC operated in what geographic area? | [
" The VIC operated in what geographic area?"
]
| {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-1869 | 5ad175a4645df0001a2d1cd8 | Military_history_of_the_United_States | Fighting on one side was a coalition of forces including the Republic of Vietnam (South Vietnam or the "RVN"), the United States, supplemented by South Korea, Thailand, Australia, New Zealand, and the Philippines. The allies fought against the North Vietnamese Army (NVA) as well as the National Liberation Front (NLF, also known as Viet communists Viet Cong), or "VC", a guerrilla force within South Vietnam. The NVA received substantial military and economic aid from the Soviet Union and China, turning Vietnam into a proxy war. | he NVA was aided by military and financial aid from what five countries? | he NVA was aided by military and financial aid from what five countries? | [
"he NVA was aided by military and financial aid from what five countries?"
]
| {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-1870 | 570b47b6ec8fbc190045b956 | Military_history_of_the_United_States | The military history of the American side of the war involved different strategies over the years. The bombing campaigns of the Air Force were tightly controlled by the White House for political reasons, and until 1972 avoided the main Northern cities of Hanoi and Haiphong and concentrated on bombing jungle supply trails, especially the Ho Chi Minh Trail. The most controversial Army commander was William Westmoreland whose strategy involved systematic defeat of all enemy forces in the field, despite heavy American casualties that alienated public opinion back home. | What two northern Vietnamese cities did the US avoid bombing at the outset of the war? | What two northern Vietnamese cities did the US avoid bombing at the outset of the war? | [
"What two northern Vietnamese cities did the US avoid bombing at the outset of the war?"
]
| {
"text": [
"Hanoi and Haiphong"
],
"answer_start": [
255
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-1871 | 570b47b6ec8fbc190045b957 | Military_history_of_the_United_States | The military history of the American side of the war involved different strategies over the years. The bombing campaigns of the Air Force were tightly controlled by the White House for political reasons, and until 1972 avoided the main Northern cities of Hanoi and Haiphong and concentrated on bombing jungle supply trails, especially the Ho Chi Minh Trail. The most controversial Army commander was William Westmoreland whose strategy involved systematic defeat of all enemy forces in the field, despite heavy American casualties that alienated public opinion back home. | What was the major supply trail for the Northern Vietnamese forces? | What was the major supply trail for the Northern Vietnamese forces? | [
"What was the major supply trail for the Northern Vietnamese forces?"
]
| {
"text": [
"the Ho Chi Minh Trail"
],
"answer_start": [
335
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-1872 | 570b47b6ec8fbc190045b958 | Military_history_of_the_United_States | The military history of the American side of the war involved different strategies over the years. The bombing campaigns of the Air Force were tightly controlled by the White House for political reasons, and until 1972 avoided the main Northern cities of Hanoi and Haiphong and concentrated on bombing jungle supply trails, especially the Ho Chi Minh Trail. The most controversial Army commander was William Westmoreland whose strategy involved systematic defeat of all enemy forces in the field, despite heavy American casualties that alienated public opinion back home. | What US commander's strategy caused a loss of public opinion in the US? | What US commander's strategy caused a loss of public opinion in the US? | [
"What US commander's strategy caused a loss of public opinion in the US?"
]
| {
"text": [
"William Westmoreland"
],
"answer_start": [
400
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-1873 | 570b47b6ec8fbc190045b959 | Military_history_of_the_United_States | The military history of the American side of the war involved different strategies over the years. The bombing campaigns of the Air Force were tightly controlled by the White House for political reasons, and until 1972 avoided the main Northern cities of Hanoi and Haiphong and concentrated on bombing jungle supply trails, especially the Ho Chi Minh Trail. The most controversial Army commander was William Westmoreland whose strategy involved systematic defeat of all enemy forces in the field, despite heavy American casualties that alienated public opinion back home. | Who helped orchestrate bombing campaigns in the Vietnam War? | Who helped orchestrate bombing campaigns in the Vietnam War? | [
"Who helped orchestrate bombing campaigns in the Vietnam War?"
]
| {
"text": [
"the White House"
],
"answer_start": [
165
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-1874 | 570b47b6ec8fbc190045b95a | Military_history_of_the_United_States | The military history of the American side of the war involved different strategies over the years. The bombing campaigns of the Air Force were tightly controlled by the White House for political reasons, and until 1972 avoided the main Northern cities of Hanoi and Haiphong and concentrated on bombing jungle supply trails, especially the Ho Chi Minh Trail. The most controversial Army commander was William Westmoreland whose strategy involved systematic defeat of all enemy forces in the field, despite heavy American casualties that alienated public opinion back home. | When did the US start bombing Hanoi? | When did the US start bombing Hanoi? | [
"When did the US start bombing Hanoi?"
]
| {
"text": [
"1972"
],
"answer_start": [
214
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-1875 | 5ad175e2645df0001a2d1cde | Military_history_of_the_United_States | The military history of the American side of the war involved different strategies over the years. The bombing campaigns of the Air Force were tightly controlled by the White House for political reasons, and until 1972 avoided the main Northern cities of Hanoi and Haiphong and concentrated on bombing jungle supply trails, especially the Ho Chi Minh Trail. The most controversial Army commander was William Westmoreland whose strategy involved systematic defeat of all enemy forces in the field, despite heavy American casualties that alienated public opinion back home. | What two northern Chinese cities did the US avoid bombing at the outset of the war? | What two northern Chinese cities did the US avoid bombing at the outset of the war? | [
"What two northern Chinese cities did the US avoid bombing at the outset of the war?"
]
| {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-1876 | 5ad175e2645df0001a2d1cdf | Military_history_of_the_United_States | The military history of the American side of the war involved different strategies over the years. The bombing campaigns of the Air Force were tightly controlled by the White House for political reasons, and until 1972 avoided the main Northern cities of Hanoi and Haiphong and concentrated on bombing jungle supply trails, especially the Ho Chi Minh Trail. The most controversial Army commander was William Westmoreland whose strategy involved systematic defeat of all enemy forces in the field, despite heavy American casualties that alienated public opinion back home. | What was the minor supply trail for the Northern Vietnamese forces? | What was the minor supply trail for the Northern Vietnamese forces? | [
" What was the minor supply trail for the Northern Vietnamese forces?"
]
| {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-1877 | 5ad175e2645df0001a2d1ce0 | Military_history_of_the_United_States | The military history of the American side of the war involved different strategies over the years. The bombing campaigns of the Air Force were tightly controlled by the White House for political reasons, and until 1972 avoided the main Northern cities of Hanoi and Haiphong and concentrated on bombing jungle supply trails, especially the Ho Chi Minh Trail. The most controversial Army commander was William Westmoreland whose strategy involved systematic defeat of all enemy forces in the field, despite heavy American casualties that alienated public opinion back home. | What US commander's strategy caused a loss of public opinion in the UK? | What US commander's strategy caused a loss of public opinion in the UK? | [
"What US commander's strategy caused a loss of public opinion in the UK?"
]
| {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-1878 | 5ad175e2645df0001a2d1ce1 | Military_history_of_the_United_States | The military history of the American side of the war involved different strategies over the years. The bombing campaigns of the Air Force were tightly controlled by the White House for political reasons, and until 1972 avoided the main Northern cities of Hanoi and Haiphong and concentrated on bombing jungle supply trails, especially the Ho Chi Minh Trail. The most controversial Army commander was William Westmoreland whose strategy involved systematic defeat of all enemy forces in the field, despite heavy American casualties that alienated public opinion back home. | Who helped orchestrate bombing campaigns in the Chinese War? | Who helped orchestrate bombing campaigns in the Chinese War? | [
" Who helped orchestrate bombing campaigns in the Chinese War?"
]
| {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-1879 | 5ad175e2645df0001a2d1ce2 | Military_history_of_the_United_States | The military history of the American side of the war involved different strategies over the years. The bombing campaigns of the Air Force were tightly controlled by the White House for political reasons, and until 1972 avoided the main Northern cities of Hanoi and Haiphong and concentrated on bombing jungle supply trails, especially the Ho Chi Minh Trail. The most controversial Army commander was William Westmoreland whose strategy involved systematic defeat of all enemy forces in the field, despite heavy American casualties that alienated public opinion back home. | When did the UK start bombing Hanoi? | When did the UK start bombing Hanoi? | [
"When did the UK start bombing Hanoi?"
]
| {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-1880 | 570b48596b8089140040f856 | Military_history_of_the_United_States | In 1983 fighting between Palestinian refugees and Lebanese factions reignited that nation's long-running civil war. A UN agreement brought an international force of peacekeepers to occupy Beirut and guarantee security. US Marines landed in August 1982 along with Italian and French forces. On October 23, 1983, a suicide bomber driving a truck filled with 6 tons of TNT crashed through a fence and destroyed the Marine barracks, killing 241 Marines; seconds later, a second bomber leveled a French barracks, killing 58. Subsequently the US Navy engaged in bombing of militia positions inside Lebanon. While US President Ronald Reagan was initially defiant, political pressure at home eventually forced the withdrawal of the Marines in February 1984. | When did fighting between Palestinians and the Lebanese begin? | When did fighting between Palestinians and the Lebanese begin? | [
"When did fighting between Palestinians and the Lebanese begin?"
]
| {
"text": [
"1983"
],
"answer_start": [
3
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-1881 | 570b48596b8089140040f857 | Military_history_of_the_United_States | In 1983 fighting between Palestinian refugees and Lebanese factions reignited that nation's long-running civil war. A UN agreement brought an international force of peacekeepers to occupy Beirut and guarantee security. US Marines landed in August 1982 along with Italian and French forces. On October 23, 1983, a suicide bomber driving a truck filled with 6 tons of TNT crashed through a fence and destroyed the Marine barracks, killing 241 Marines; seconds later, a second bomber leveled a French barracks, killing 58. Subsequently the US Navy engaged in bombing of militia positions inside Lebanon. While US President Ronald Reagan was initially defiant, political pressure at home eventually forced the withdrawal of the Marines in February 1984. | When did US marines land in Lebanon? | When did US marines land in Lebanon? | [
"When did US marines land in Lebanon?"
]
| {
"text": [
"1982"
],
"answer_start": [
247
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-1882 | 570b48596b8089140040f858 | Military_history_of_the_United_States | In 1983 fighting between Palestinian refugees and Lebanese factions reignited that nation's long-running civil war. A UN agreement brought an international force of peacekeepers to occupy Beirut and guarantee security. US Marines landed in August 1982 along with Italian and French forces. On October 23, 1983, a suicide bomber driving a truck filled with 6 tons of TNT crashed through a fence and destroyed the Marine barracks, killing 241 Marines; seconds later, a second bomber leveled a French barracks, killing 58. Subsequently the US Navy engaged in bombing of militia positions inside Lebanon. While US President Ronald Reagan was initially defiant, political pressure at home eventually forced the withdrawal of the Marines in February 1984. | When did a suicide bomber successfully attack the marine barracks in Lebanon? | When did a suicide bomber successfully attack the marine barracks in Lebanon? | [
"When did a suicide bomber successfully attack the marine barracks in Lebanon?"
]
| {
"text": [
"October 23, 1983"
],
"answer_start": [
293
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-1883 | 570b48596b8089140040f859 | Military_history_of_the_United_States | In 1983 fighting between Palestinian refugees and Lebanese factions reignited that nation's long-running civil war. A UN agreement brought an international force of peacekeepers to occupy Beirut and guarantee security. US Marines landed in August 1982 along with Italian and French forces. On October 23, 1983, a suicide bomber driving a truck filled with 6 tons of TNT crashed through a fence and destroyed the Marine barracks, killing 241 Marines; seconds later, a second bomber leveled a French barracks, killing 58. Subsequently the US Navy engaged in bombing of militia positions inside Lebanon. While US President Ronald Reagan was initially defiant, political pressure at home eventually forced the withdrawal of the Marines in February 1984. | How many marines were killed in the attack? | How many marines were killed in the attack? | [
"How many marines were killed in the attack?"
]
| {
"text": [
"241"
],
"answer_start": [
437
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-1884 | 570b48596b8089140040f85a | Military_history_of_the_United_States | In 1983 fighting between Palestinian refugees and Lebanese factions reignited that nation's long-running civil war. A UN agreement brought an international force of peacekeepers to occupy Beirut and guarantee security. US Marines landed in August 1982 along with Italian and French forces. On October 23, 1983, a suicide bomber driving a truck filled with 6 tons of TNT crashed through a fence and destroyed the Marine barracks, killing 241 Marines; seconds later, a second bomber leveled a French barracks, killing 58. Subsequently the US Navy engaged in bombing of militia positions inside Lebanon. While US President Ronald Reagan was initially defiant, political pressure at home eventually forced the withdrawal of the Marines in February 1984. | When did President Reagan withdraw marines from Lebanon? | When did President Reagan withdraw marines from Lebanon? | [
"When did President Reagan withdraw marines from Lebanon?"
]
| {
"text": [
"February 1984"
],
"answer_start": [
735
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-1885 | 5ad1766e645df0001a2d1d0c | Military_history_of_the_United_States | In 1983 fighting between Palestinian refugees and Lebanese factions reignited that nation's long-running civil war. A UN agreement brought an international force of peacekeepers to occupy Beirut and guarantee security. US Marines landed in August 1982 along with Italian and French forces. On October 23, 1983, a suicide bomber driving a truck filled with 6 tons of TNT crashed through a fence and destroyed the Marine barracks, killing 241 Marines; seconds later, a second bomber leveled a French barracks, killing 58. Subsequently the US Navy engaged in bombing of militia positions inside Lebanon. While US President Ronald Reagan was initially defiant, political pressure at home eventually forced the withdrawal of the Marines in February 1984. | When did fighting between Palestinians and the Lebanese stop? | When did fighting between Palestinians and the Lebanese stop? | [
" When did fighting between Palestinians and the Lebanese stop?"
]
| {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-1886 | 5ad1766e645df0001a2d1d0d | Military_history_of_the_United_States | In 1983 fighting between Palestinian refugees and Lebanese factions reignited that nation's long-running civil war. A UN agreement brought an international force of peacekeepers to occupy Beirut and guarantee security. US Marines landed in August 1982 along with Italian and French forces. On October 23, 1983, a suicide bomber driving a truck filled with 6 tons of TNT crashed through a fence and destroyed the Marine barracks, killing 241 Marines; seconds later, a second bomber leveled a French barracks, killing 58. Subsequently the US Navy engaged in bombing of militia positions inside Lebanon. While US President Ronald Reagan was initially defiant, political pressure at home eventually forced the withdrawal of the Marines in February 1984. | When did UK marines land in Lebanon? | When did UK marines land in Lebanon? | [
" When did UK marines land in Lebanon?"
]
| {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-1887 | 5ad1766e645df0001a2d1d0e | Military_history_of_the_United_States | In 1983 fighting between Palestinian refugees and Lebanese factions reignited that nation's long-running civil war. A UN agreement brought an international force of peacekeepers to occupy Beirut and guarantee security. US Marines landed in August 1982 along with Italian and French forces. On October 23, 1983, a suicide bomber driving a truck filled with 6 tons of TNT crashed through a fence and destroyed the Marine barracks, killing 241 Marines; seconds later, a second bomber leveled a French barracks, killing 58. Subsequently the US Navy engaged in bombing of militia positions inside Lebanon. While US President Ronald Reagan was initially defiant, political pressure at home eventually forced the withdrawal of the Marines in February 1984. | When did a suicide bomber successfully attack the marine barracks in China? | When did a suicide bomber successfully attack the marine barracks in China? | [
"When did a suicide bomber successfully attack the marine barracks in China?"
]
| {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-1888 | 5ad1766e645df0001a2d1d0f | Military_history_of_the_United_States | In 1983 fighting between Palestinian refugees and Lebanese factions reignited that nation's long-running civil war. A UN agreement brought an international force of peacekeepers to occupy Beirut and guarantee security. US Marines landed in August 1982 along with Italian and French forces. On October 23, 1983, a suicide bomber driving a truck filled with 6 tons of TNT crashed through a fence and destroyed the Marine barracks, killing 241 Marines; seconds later, a second bomber leveled a French barracks, killing 58. Subsequently the US Navy engaged in bombing of militia positions inside Lebanon. While US President Ronald Reagan was initially defiant, political pressure at home eventually forced the withdrawal of the Marines in February 1984. | How many Africans were killed in the attack? | How many Africans were killed in the attack? | [
" How many Africans were killed in the attack?"
]
| {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-1889 | 5ad1766e645df0001a2d1d10 | Military_history_of_the_United_States | In 1983 fighting between Palestinian refugees and Lebanese factions reignited that nation's long-running civil war. A UN agreement brought an international force of peacekeepers to occupy Beirut and guarantee security. US Marines landed in August 1982 along with Italian and French forces. On October 23, 1983, a suicide bomber driving a truck filled with 6 tons of TNT crashed through a fence and destroyed the Marine barracks, killing 241 Marines; seconds later, a second bomber leveled a French barracks, killing 58. Subsequently the US Navy engaged in bombing of militia positions inside Lebanon. While US President Ronald Reagan was initially defiant, political pressure at home eventually forced the withdrawal of the Marines in February 1984. | When did President Bush withdraw marines from Lebanon? | When did President Bush withdraw marines from Lebanon? | [
" When did President Bush withdraw marines from Lebanon?"
]
| {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-1890 | 570b495aec8fbc190045b960 | Military_history_of_the_United_States | However, the battle was one-sided almost from the beginning. The reasons for this are the subject of continuing study by military strategists and academics. There is general agreement that US technological superiority was a crucial factor but the speed and scale of the Iraqi collapse has also been attributed to poor strategic and tactical leadership and low morale among Iraqi troops, which resulted from a history of incompetent leadership. After devastating initial strikes against Iraqi air defenses and command and control facilities on 17 January 1991, coalition forces achieved total air superiority almost immediately. The Iraqi air force was destroyed within a few days, with some planes fleeing to Iran, where they were interned for the duration of the conflict. The overwhelming technological advantages of the US, such as stealth aircraft and infrared sights, quickly turned the air war into a "turkey shoot". The heat signature of any tank which started its engine made an easy target. Air defense radars were quickly destroyed by radar-seeking missiles fired from wild weasel aircraft. Grainy video clips, shot from the nose cameras of missiles as they aimed at impossibly small targets, were a staple of US news coverage and revealed to the world a new kind of war, compared by some to a video game. Over 6 weeks of relentless pounding by planes and helicopters, the Iraqi army was almost completely beaten but did not retreat, under orders from Iraqi President Saddam Hussein, and by the time the ground forces invaded on 24 February, many Iraqi troops quickly surrendered to forces much smaller than their own; in one instance, Iraqi forces attempted to surrender to a television camera crew that was advancing with coalition forces. | What is the main reason the US-led coalition won a decisive victory in the Persian Gulf War? | What is the main reason the US-led coalition won a decisive victory in the Persian Gulf War? | [
"What is the main reason the US-led coalition won a decisive victory in the Persian Gulf War?"
]
| {
"text": [
"US technological superiority"
],
"answer_start": [
189
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-1891 | 570b495aec8fbc190045b961 | Military_history_of_the_United_States | However, the battle was one-sided almost from the beginning. The reasons for this are the subject of continuing study by military strategists and academics. There is general agreement that US technological superiority was a crucial factor but the speed and scale of the Iraqi collapse has also been attributed to poor strategic and tactical leadership and low morale among Iraqi troops, which resulted from a history of incompetent leadership. After devastating initial strikes against Iraqi air defenses and command and control facilities on 17 January 1991, coalition forces achieved total air superiority almost immediately. The Iraqi air force was destroyed within a few days, with some planes fleeing to Iran, where they were interned for the duration of the conflict. The overwhelming technological advantages of the US, such as stealth aircraft and infrared sights, quickly turned the air war into a "turkey shoot". The heat signature of any tank which started its engine made an easy target. Air defense radars were quickly destroyed by radar-seeking missiles fired from wild weasel aircraft. Grainy video clips, shot from the nose cameras of missiles as they aimed at impossibly small targets, were a staple of US news coverage and revealed to the world a new kind of war, compared by some to a video game. Over 6 weeks of relentless pounding by planes and helicopters, the Iraqi army was almost completely beaten but did not retreat, under orders from Iraqi President Saddam Hussein, and by the time the ground forces invaded on 24 February, many Iraqi troops quickly surrendered to forces much smaller than their own; in one instance, Iraqi forces attempted to surrender to a television camera crew that was advancing with coalition forces. | What faults in the Iraqi forces led to their rapid defeat? | What faults in the Iraqi forces led to their rapid defeat? | [
"What faults in the Iraqi forces led to their rapid defeat?"
]
| {
"text": [
"poor strategic and tactical leadership and low morale"
],
"answer_start": [
313
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-1892 | 570b495aec8fbc190045b962 | Military_history_of_the_United_States | However, the battle was one-sided almost from the beginning. The reasons for this are the subject of continuing study by military strategists and academics. There is general agreement that US technological superiority was a crucial factor but the speed and scale of the Iraqi collapse has also been attributed to poor strategic and tactical leadership and low morale among Iraqi troops, which resulted from a history of incompetent leadership. After devastating initial strikes against Iraqi air defenses and command and control facilities on 17 January 1991, coalition forces achieved total air superiority almost immediately. The Iraqi air force was destroyed within a few days, with some planes fleeing to Iran, where they were interned for the duration of the conflict. The overwhelming technological advantages of the US, such as stealth aircraft and infrared sights, quickly turned the air war into a "turkey shoot". The heat signature of any tank which started its engine made an easy target. Air defense radars were quickly destroyed by radar-seeking missiles fired from wild weasel aircraft. Grainy video clips, shot from the nose cameras of missiles as they aimed at impossibly small targets, were a staple of US news coverage and revealed to the world a new kind of war, compared by some to a video game. Over 6 weeks of relentless pounding by planes and helicopters, the Iraqi army was almost completely beaten but did not retreat, under orders from Iraqi President Saddam Hussein, and by the time the ground forces invaded on 24 February, many Iraqi troops quickly surrendered to forces much smaller than their own; in one instance, Iraqi forces attempted to surrender to a television camera crew that was advancing with coalition forces. | US airstrikes on Iraqi air defenses and command and control facilities began when? | US airstrikes on Iraqi air defenses and command and control facilities began when? | [
"US airstrikes on Iraqi air defenses and command and control facilities began when?"
]
| {
"text": [
"on 17 January 1991"
],
"answer_start": [
540
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-1893 | 570b495aec8fbc190045b963 | Military_history_of_the_United_States | However, the battle was one-sided almost from the beginning. The reasons for this are the subject of continuing study by military strategists and academics. There is general agreement that US technological superiority was a crucial factor but the speed and scale of the Iraqi collapse has also been attributed to poor strategic and tactical leadership and low morale among Iraqi troops, which resulted from a history of incompetent leadership. After devastating initial strikes against Iraqi air defenses and command and control facilities on 17 January 1991, coalition forces achieved total air superiority almost immediately. The Iraqi air force was destroyed within a few days, with some planes fleeing to Iran, where they were interned for the duration of the conflict. The overwhelming technological advantages of the US, such as stealth aircraft and infrared sights, quickly turned the air war into a "turkey shoot". The heat signature of any tank which started its engine made an easy target. Air defense radars were quickly destroyed by radar-seeking missiles fired from wild weasel aircraft. Grainy video clips, shot from the nose cameras of missiles as they aimed at impossibly small targets, were a staple of US news coverage and revealed to the world a new kind of war, compared by some to a video game. Over 6 weeks of relentless pounding by planes and helicopters, the Iraqi army was almost completely beaten but did not retreat, under orders from Iraqi President Saddam Hussein, and by the time the ground forces invaded on 24 February, many Iraqi troops quickly surrendered to forces much smaller than their own; in one instance, Iraqi forces attempted to surrender to a television camera crew that was advancing with coalition forces. | When did US ground forces attack Iraqi positions? | When did US ground forces attack Iraqi positions? | [
"When did US ground forces attack Iraqi positions?"
]
| {
"text": [
"24 February"
],
"answer_start": [
1539
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-1894 | 570b495aec8fbc190045b964 | Military_history_of_the_United_States | However, the battle was one-sided almost from the beginning. The reasons for this are the subject of continuing study by military strategists and academics. There is general agreement that US technological superiority was a crucial factor but the speed and scale of the Iraqi collapse has also been attributed to poor strategic and tactical leadership and low morale among Iraqi troops, which resulted from a history of incompetent leadership. After devastating initial strikes against Iraqi air defenses and command and control facilities on 17 January 1991, coalition forces achieved total air superiority almost immediately. The Iraqi air force was destroyed within a few days, with some planes fleeing to Iran, where they were interned for the duration of the conflict. The overwhelming technological advantages of the US, such as stealth aircraft and infrared sights, quickly turned the air war into a "turkey shoot". The heat signature of any tank which started its engine made an easy target. Air defense radars were quickly destroyed by radar-seeking missiles fired from wild weasel aircraft. Grainy video clips, shot from the nose cameras of missiles as they aimed at impossibly small targets, were a staple of US news coverage and revealed to the world a new kind of war, compared by some to a video game. Over 6 weeks of relentless pounding by planes and helicopters, the Iraqi army was almost completely beaten but did not retreat, under orders from Iraqi President Saddam Hussein, and by the time the ground forces invaded on 24 February, many Iraqi troops quickly surrendered to forces much smaller than their own; in one instance, Iraqi forces attempted to surrender to a television camera crew that was advancing with coalition forces. | Who ordered Iraqi forces to hold their ground despite air bombardments? | Who ordered Iraqi forces to hold their ground despite air bombardments? | [
"Who ordered Iraqi forces to hold their ground despite air bombardments?"
]
| {
"text": [
"Iraqi President Saddam Hussein"
],
"answer_start": [
1462
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-1895 | 5ad1776f645df0001a2d1d48 | Military_history_of_the_United_States | However, the battle was one-sided almost from the beginning. The reasons for this are the subject of continuing study by military strategists and academics. There is general agreement that US technological superiority was a crucial factor but the speed and scale of the Iraqi collapse has also been attributed to poor strategic and tactical leadership and low morale among Iraqi troops, which resulted from a history of incompetent leadership. After devastating initial strikes against Iraqi air defenses and command and control facilities on 17 January 1991, coalition forces achieved total air superiority almost immediately. The Iraqi air force was destroyed within a few days, with some planes fleeing to Iran, where they were interned for the duration of the conflict. The overwhelming technological advantages of the US, such as stealth aircraft and infrared sights, quickly turned the air war into a "turkey shoot". The heat signature of any tank which started its engine made an easy target. Air defense radars were quickly destroyed by radar-seeking missiles fired from wild weasel aircraft. Grainy video clips, shot from the nose cameras of missiles as they aimed at impossibly small targets, were a staple of US news coverage and revealed to the world a new kind of war, compared by some to a video game. Over 6 weeks of relentless pounding by planes and helicopters, the Iraqi army was almost completely beaten but did not retreat, under orders from Iraqi President Saddam Hussein, and by the time the ground forces invaded on 24 February, many Iraqi troops quickly surrendered to forces much smaller than their own; in one instance, Iraqi forces attempted to surrender to a television camera crew that was advancing with coalition forces. | What is the main reason the UK-led coalition won a decisive victory in the Persian Gulf War? | What is the main reason the UK-led coalition won a decisive victory in the Persian Gulf War? | [
"What is the main reason the UK-led coalition won a decisive victory in the Persian Gulf War?"
]
| {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-1896 | 5ad1776f645df0001a2d1d49 | Military_history_of_the_United_States | However, the battle was one-sided almost from the beginning. The reasons for this are the subject of continuing study by military strategists and academics. There is general agreement that US technological superiority was a crucial factor but the speed and scale of the Iraqi collapse has also been attributed to poor strategic and tactical leadership and low morale among Iraqi troops, which resulted from a history of incompetent leadership. After devastating initial strikes against Iraqi air defenses and command and control facilities on 17 January 1991, coalition forces achieved total air superiority almost immediately. The Iraqi air force was destroyed within a few days, with some planes fleeing to Iran, where they were interned for the duration of the conflict. The overwhelming technological advantages of the US, such as stealth aircraft and infrared sights, quickly turned the air war into a "turkey shoot". The heat signature of any tank which started its engine made an easy target. Air defense radars were quickly destroyed by radar-seeking missiles fired from wild weasel aircraft. Grainy video clips, shot from the nose cameras of missiles as they aimed at impossibly small targets, were a staple of US news coverage and revealed to the world a new kind of war, compared by some to a video game. Over 6 weeks of relentless pounding by planes and helicopters, the Iraqi army was almost completely beaten but did not retreat, under orders from Iraqi President Saddam Hussein, and by the time the ground forces invaded on 24 February, many Iraqi troops quickly surrendered to forces much smaller than their own; in one instance, Iraqi forces attempted to surrender to a television camera crew that was advancing with coalition forces. | What faults in the Iranian forces led to their rapid defeat? | What faults in the Iranian forces led to their rapid defeat? | [
"What faults in the Iranian forces led to their rapid defeat?"
]
| {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-1897 | 5ad1776f645df0001a2d1d4a | Military_history_of_the_United_States | However, the battle was one-sided almost from the beginning. The reasons for this are the subject of continuing study by military strategists and academics. There is general agreement that US technological superiority was a crucial factor but the speed and scale of the Iraqi collapse has also been attributed to poor strategic and tactical leadership and low morale among Iraqi troops, which resulted from a history of incompetent leadership. After devastating initial strikes against Iraqi air defenses and command and control facilities on 17 January 1991, coalition forces achieved total air superiority almost immediately. The Iraqi air force was destroyed within a few days, with some planes fleeing to Iran, where they were interned for the duration of the conflict. The overwhelming technological advantages of the US, such as stealth aircraft and infrared sights, quickly turned the air war into a "turkey shoot". The heat signature of any tank which started its engine made an easy target. Air defense radars were quickly destroyed by radar-seeking missiles fired from wild weasel aircraft. Grainy video clips, shot from the nose cameras of missiles as they aimed at impossibly small targets, were a staple of US news coverage and revealed to the world a new kind of war, compared by some to a video game. Over 6 weeks of relentless pounding by planes and helicopters, the Iraqi army was almost completely beaten but did not retreat, under orders from Iraqi President Saddam Hussein, and by the time the ground forces invaded on 24 February, many Iraqi troops quickly surrendered to forces much smaller than their own; in one instance, Iraqi forces attempted to surrender to a television camera crew that was advancing with coalition forces. | US airstrikes on Iranian air defenses and command and control facilities began when? | US airstrikes on Iranian air defenses and command and control facilities began when? | [
"US airstrikes on Iranian air defenses and command and control facilities began when?"
]
| {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-1898 | 5ad1776f645df0001a2d1d4b | Military_history_of_the_United_States | However, the battle was one-sided almost from the beginning. The reasons for this are the subject of continuing study by military strategists and academics. There is general agreement that US technological superiority was a crucial factor but the speed and scale of the Iraqi collapse has also been attributed to poor strategic and tactical leadership and low morale among Iraqi troops, which resulted from a history of incompetent leadership. After devastating initial strikes against Iraqi air defenses and command and control facilities on 17 January 1991, coalition forces achieved total air superiority almost immediately. The Iraqi air force was destroyed within a few days, with some planes fleeing to Iran, where they were interned for the duration of the conflict. The overwhelming technological advantages of the US, such as stealth aircraft and infrared sights, quickly turned the air war into a "turkey shoot". The heat signature of any tank which started its engine made an easy target. Air defense radars were quickly destroyed by radar-seeking missiles fired from wild weasel aircraft. Grainy video clips, shot from the nose cameras of missiles as they aimed at impossibly small targets, were a staple of US news coverage and revealed to the world a new kind of war, compared by some to a video game. Over 6 weeks of relentless pounding by planes and helicopters, the Iraqi army was almost completely beaten but did not retreat, under orders from Iraqi President Saddam Hussein, and by the time the ground forces invaded on 24 February, many Iraqi troops quickly surrendered to forces much smaller than their own; in one instance, Iraqi forces attempted to surrender to a television camera crew that was advancing with coalition forces. | When did UK ground forces attack Iraqi positions? | When did UK ground forces attack Iraqi positions? | [
" When did UK ground forces attack Iraqi positions?"
]
| {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-1899 | 5ad1776f645df0001a2d1d4c | Military_history_of_the_United_States | However, the battle was one-sided almost from the beginning. The reasons for this are the subject of continuing study by military strategists and academics. There is general agreement that US technological superiority was a crucial factor but the speed and scale of the Iraqi collapse has also been attributed to poor strategic and tactical leadership and low morale among Iraqi troops, which resulted from a history of incompetent leadership. After devastating initial strikes against Iraqi air defenses and command and control facilities on 17 January 1991, coalition forces achieved total air superiority almost immediately. The Iraqi air force was destroyed within a few days, with some planes fleeing to Iran, where they were interned for the duration of the conflict. The overwhelming technological advantages of the US, such as stealth aircraft and infrared sights, quickly turned the air war into a "turkey shoot". The heat signature of any tank which started its engine made an easy target. Air defense radars were quickly destroyed by radar-seeking missiles fired from wild weasel aircraft. Grainy video clips, shot from the nose cameras of missiles as they aimed at impossibly small targets, were a staple of US news coverage and revealed to the world a new kind of war, compared by some to a video game. Over 6 weeks of relentless pounding by planes and helicopters, the Iraqi army was almost completely beaten but did not retreat, under orders from Iraqi President Saddam Hussein, and by the time the ground forces invaded on 24 February, many Iraqi troops quickly surrendered to forces much smaller than their own; in one instance, Iraqi forces attempted to surrender to a television camera crew that was advancing with coalition forces. | Who ordered Iranian forces to hold their ground despite air bombardments? | Who ordered Iranian forces to hold their ground despite air bombardments? | [
"Who ordered Iranian forces to hold their ground despite air bombardments?"
]
| {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
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