id
stringlengths 8
90
| text
stringlengths 528
58.1k
| page_name
stringlengths 2
99
| topic
stringclasses 15
values | subtopic
stringclasses 45
values | subjects_top_term
stringclasses 279
values |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
9287_JamesMcCudden | march july english flying ace world war highly decorated airmen british military history born middle class family military traditions joined having interest mechanics transferred time came regular contact aircraft outbreak war flew observer training fighter pilot claimed victory september claimed fifth victory making ace february months served instructor flew defensive patrols london returned summer year dispatched enemy aircraft claiming multiple victories day occasions british medals french received awards gallantry british serving world war longest serving campaign daily_mail newspaper famous airmen british isles death achieved aerial victories placing seventh list war successful aces thirds victims identified possible unlike allied aces substantial proportion claims allied held territory majority successes achieved squadron fell flying july killed flying accident aircraft crashed following engine fault rank time death major significant achievement man begun career air mechanic buried british war cemetery early life family born kent sergeant major father military life joined teenager served company fought battle combat rescued wounded soldier fire recommended award emerged acting orders denied honours father long career engineers eventually instructor non commissioned officer mother family military background grandfather served master arms aboard married children april january march july december june march october december john fighter pilots killed whilst flying john killed action war father took post rank warrant officer great war die railway station july stood offer woman seat compartment door flew open knocking path oncoming train pilot served royal_air_force raf retired illness died following year leaving widow small daughter moved james transferred garrison school learned shoot rifle range box reasonably intelligent student father retirement soon placed heavy strain family finances consequence felt obliged find job enlist filled time age age working messenger boy time interest flying began nearby aviation centres built englishman fly brothers went pioneer gather expressed desire pilot spending hours watching early flying machines unfortunately desire pilot postponed family required income father retired unable wait opportunity arise joined april february set sail gibraltar southern tip spain spent eighteen months gibraltar returning england september gibraltar read flight manual magazine explained theory flight aircraft construction engines excelled service april qualified held grade 2nd class awarded april soon member posted depot mechanic tenure began day granted request travel observer disaster struck ended career instructed aircraft airfield examined type proceeded turn engine aircraft listed saw danger leaving throttle fully open suddenly engine started accelerated hangar watched propeller wing pieces damaged commanding officer car parked nearby able reach cockpit switch extensive damage brought colonel commanding military wing pleased overall progress likely saved sentenced seven days detention days pay incident years later met height fame episode jokingly threatening send bill car june posted squadron managed flight aircraft gradually won reputation rate mechanic christmas frequent requests trips aircraft met success logged nearly hours april promoted class war service observer august travelled france mechanic squadron war declared followed german invasion belgium operated reconnaissance unit began fly observer stopping days unit began enemy positions squadron offered support british_army battle belgium month saw german aircraft august august british began retreat south west paris squadron moved fewer different landing grounds delaying departure enemy mile eventually settled south paris autumn participated locating german artillery positions allied armies drove enemy battle battle flew missions rifle aircraft lacked fixed armament performed took administrative responsibilities promoted corporal november period fought squadron equipped higher performing aircraft months later april promoted sergeant charge engines flight delight gaining promotion cut short news brother william killed air crash flying elderly week later eldest sister mary lost husband explosion destroyed hms princess formal application pilot fly operations rejected grounds valuable risk losing reputation mechanic spread supervision unit led record low number engine failures continued fly observer despite recommendation rejection letter june official observer qualifying sortie passed time introduced fighter equipped gear firing propeller germans machine soon threat unit enemy succeeded establishing period air superiority time flew regularly observer new commanding officer taken command november recorded flight hours minutes november included abortive chase reconnaissance aircraft december acted aerial gunner drove attack flight german ace firing witnessed piece paper fabric fall german machine ground searched trace found january exchanged fire german observer result time squadron experimenting wireless technology captain commanded headquarters flight fitted set help direct artillery fire april commanded squadron commanding officer killed year later shot ground fire unknown participated pioneering ventures january awarded gallantry travelled receive award general commander chief award aroused interest january promoted flight sergeant hours later ordered home england begin pilot training pilot training based began training february started minute flight flown hours passenger different pilots including hours regular observer november experience surroundings instructor impressed grasp mechanics theory practiced landings progressed powerful written student april sent assigned squadron solo flight april later day awarded certificate completing figure turns feet landing yards selected mark completed flights longest minute flight feet april posted near advanced training arriving non commissioned officer receive certificate passed second class good selected instructor took pupil having flown hours solo flight pupils included future ace squadron colleague soon teaching student flying aircraft entered dangerous spin narrowly avoided crash pulling feet ground impact certainly killed graded class grade based achievements achieved dead stick landing yard marker minute flight feet mile cross country flight hours solo flying passed final test hour flight salisbury southampton hours flying experience minimum time left france june accumulated flying hours given lessons instructor personally student pilots joined squadron july unit equipped flew near flew operational sortie days later continued battle squadron ordered intercept shoot german reconnaissance aircraft patrolled region spot enemy reconnaissance machines come contact single near flying formation british placed deal lone german fighters use gunners form formidable defence screen particular german climb british diving attack rear aircraft dive away score decisive hit days later ran fuel district heavy mist force landed allied territory crashing coming halt garden french farmhouse little damage machine august took operation bomb sheds brussels flight familiar lone appearance withdrew attacking evening told pack belongings reassigned squadron flying scouts pleased flying scouts finding light flying soon found pilots machine popular handled care patrol september scored victory engaged white shot chased escaped superior speed confirmation victory given days later unit crashed road time place claim nearly added score following day engaged gun jammed switching engine damage pilot took opportunity pursue engine german closed presented close astern shot gun jammed battle ended faster away score year remarkable escape december flying patrol flight engaged enemy formation rushed aid member flight attacked german fighter attacked head gun jammed shots fought clear jam found amid number german fighters soon began firing enemy pilot remained feet began spinning dive german distance abruptly turned away enemy aircraft fired british ground forces lewis machine gun turned pursuit enemy pilot apparently unaware high watched joined flight departed area returned base spite narrow escape machine hit squadron mates surprised witnessed dive assumed spin terminal process posting missing action suggested enemy pilot red baron case narrowly avoided rising star 15th victim credited seat vickers afternoon usually listed captain recent research indicates action fit time frame ended personal high received commission december came effect january granted weeks leave returned england second lieutenant returned france january determined build personal tally despite limitations day forced time attacked damaged engine stopped unfortunately attacked forced break certain kill propeller blades partly shot intervened landed near ordered new propeller flew base member witnessed fate claim fortunes changed new year dispatched january february february attacked returning photo reconnaissance mission diving sun blind gunner shot shelled british artillery days later engaged escorted brief pursuit escaped destroyed crashed near hours later awarded fifth victory award eventually march return england returned england february appointed instructor slightly felt getting stride fighter pilot hopeful squadron receive french designed better match class fighters posting surprising beginning witnessed enormous expansion experienced required train mass new students posted 6th training wing transferred dover april learned fly bristol scout aircraft adorned fellow officers suspected girlfriend blonde dancer private aspect life suspected took flights scout log book recorded april praised qualities scout managed survive accidents aircraft april june concurrent tenure dover brother john enrolled pilot pupil avoid accusations remained brother senior officers intentions late june collected experimented number new pups began reach british units january impressed aircraft agility flew period met famous ace advised attack tactics reconnaissance bomber aircraft ball advised fly underneath target blind spot observer angle guns directly fire intrigued prospect believed offered better chance shooting enemy aircraft clear implemented ball advice battle victories claimed way principal tactics stress surprise minimal risk known proved remarkably good stalking tactics enabled underneath opponent pull wing gun fire german machine recipients know attack bullets coming fuselage aircraft causing death injury petrol tanks engines gun fed drum ammunition pulled position pilot having spare drums located cockpit conversation coincided german heavy bombers attacked london attempted high flying machines june finally got range fired resumed course chased formation miles sea closer feet july succeeded hitting bomber unit damaged second narrowly avoided collision machine flew raid gunner bullet struck raids continued british aerial defences gain handful successes activity worthy note return france meeting chief engineers brothers exchanged information aircraft design operations understood technique flying flight brothers gained greater appreciation pilot perspective watching fly brothers convinced skill consequently invited fly number products machines vickers claimed reached miles hour mph aircraft describing nice bus pilots noted faster french strength evaluation vickers approached use selected production believed engine main factor rejection squadron june joined squadron equipped undertook course tenure ordered fly group fly solo patrols flew hours squadron patrols encountered enemy times score finally july shot fighter 7th aerial victories flew different pups unit meant returned english channel collect new aircraft frequently collecting august raid occurred minutes flying feet attempt intercept returned success high flying elusive landing sortie informed transferred recently formed squadron winning reputation successful unit western unit equipped fighters effective combat aircraft war arguably best designed british fighter conflict heavily armed fast time new fighter eager fly company flying victories rising star pupil fighter aces flew unit ball killed fly fight alongside competitive group spur increase score commanding officer major noticed leadership qualities hoped help turn unit effective fighting team present pilots talented performed individuals flying time promised allocated position flight commander formally took command flight august brought substantial technical knowledge squadron frequently inspected flight aircraft expecting high standard mechanical believed finer aircraft tuned likelihood losing pilots structural mechanical failures time cause fatalities force landings rarely fatal owing low landing speeds prospect coming enemy lines especially adopting offensive stance undesirable prospect squadron came certainly kept toes begin weeks tried flight finally corporal detailed corporal day formed great friendship victories july battle began unit heavily involved tasked air superiority operations allow bomber reconnaissance units operate relative freedom germans adopted defensive aircraft increasingly outnumbered critical points units collection highly successful aces engaged battle german fighters summer august scored victory official member squadron following day august raised tally victories pleased success frequent gun weeks machine suffered engine difficulties gun jams claim damaged enemy aircraft suffered experience reconnaissance attacking engine guns jammed sent major repairs received new fighter regular mount determined machine remain class fighting order spent days working stripping vickers gun gear firing making test flights shooting ground targets joked guns work air wore ground continued experience jams victim september able escape crash land wounded german territory thanks crash witnessed claim went uncredited september attacked drove feet saw camera photographic plates fall machine took violent action abandoned chase spotted time attacked sun lewis gun stopped round vickers fired rounds crashed enemy lines pilots gunners line confirmed kill followed september 13th victory victory flight engaged flown victory ace piloted aided frequent jams opponents guns avoided hit drove fight fatally hit account fight famous low engaged pilot noticed movements erratic saw steep dive saw hit ground disappear thousand fragments long live shall forget admiration german pilot single handed fought seven minutes bullets machines flying wonderful courage magnificent opinion german privilege fight course september october added victories including september raising tally october awarded bar military cross november brought tally method diving enemy machines firing working particularly december downed enemies victory numbers including successes included december 28th 29th december received bar received messages hugh december splendid work finest hardened realities aerial combat time success appeared limited opponents survive attacks january claiming 43rd air victory remarked crew deserved die notion defend showed training lazy probably liked going berlin instead sticking training learning opportunity sympathy mental estimate formed flying report destruction 43rd aerial victory closing tally credited enemy aircraft january elevated tally february aircraft brought tally fell 16th achieving 57th probably downed went enemy lines control guns seized having fired rounds victim stage suffering combat fatigue manifested decisions late seek victory price alien normal calculated approach combat knowing soon sent home obsessed catching score contribution squadron time impressive unit claimed enemy aircraft reporting pilots killed missing seven captured flight commander flight pilots shot losing pilots celebrate success brigadier general following evening invited headquarters commanding officer personally congratulated soon rotated home march officers gathered formal farewell dinner presented silver model march action remaining months war british pilots surpass total serving later royal_air_force raf foreign pilots beat total modified long term interest mechanics prompted modify aircraft increase combat performance series modifications aircraft caused performance comparison german fighter available time performance generic term required improvements round capability changes main objective mind high altitude performance achieved success personal experiments december example intercepted enemy aircraft feet drove feet shooting 30th victory incidentally nearly killed action wings broke away victim nearly struck aircraft found difficult intercept high flying german reconnaissance aircraft latest entered service proved particularly elusive horse power engine reach feet reach prospective adversary average point reach feet pilots prepared accept tactical technological situation unspecified channel obtained high compression latest engine fitted power plant delivered revolutions faster rate test bench removed excess weight shortening exhaust pipes feet added spinner captured enemy aircraft believed added extra mph speed reducing wing increase agility final alteration fit simpler vent object warming cockpit directing heat engine aspect important high altitude spend long periods time extremely environment operating suffered terrible adequate blood circulation returned muscles reached reported general effects high flight feature cold form high altitude oxygen thin humans induced aviation medicine infancy meaning pilots left solve operational problems high altitude bombers equipped oxygen equipment assist breathing despite circulation difficulties proved remarkably resistant effects high altitude flying oxygen results personal modifications went believed achieved height feet minutes standard time minutes record remains note maximum ground level speed mph log book achieved feats limited resources line squadron official assistance eager test modifications began operations january february submitted repair claimed 50th aerial victories date victory day scored machine war hero unlike german french governments reluctant identify individual soldiers aces propaganda public consumption notable exception december proprietor daily_mail newspaper appointed solid background aviation campaigned air aircraft began technological nation facing existence efficiency north_sea english channel increasingly concerned aerial bombardment supported creation british_empire pressure group designed impress government promising threatening nature aerial vehicles head felt opportunity missed ran campaign publications outstanding individual combatants january ran story daily_mail headline unknown air heroes focused primarily page segment read want know englishman hobby bringing sky tea claim bag enemy aircraft wait killed grateful nation waiting acclaim learn wonder people england realize popular branch kaiser war machine german authorities imagination exploit personal people islands british airmen fingers hand campaign instant success daily chronicle echoed sentiments young air january daily mail ran story wonderful airmen names article accompanied large photograph pilots exploits british airmen routinely published attention letter father following day believed hero worship unpopular figure comrades posted scotland flew excellent performing scotland learned death brother apparently shot german ace march wrote brother commanding officer asking news understanding major attention fixed german spring offensive death depressed greatly month returned home awarded victoria_cross highest award gallantry letter confirming king bestowed honour dated march award march details published april away publicity tell family attendance buckingham palace april receive victoria cross king george promotion major leave london great deal friend met owner weeks later offered help finish manuscript biography publication year accepted famous portrait painted known artist death remained england july given command squadron raf flew vickers collect new returning france lead new squadron july flew fighter home kingston thames taking aircraft feet london hour landed entry log book total flying time reached hours minutes morning july travelled home fiancé miss recalled conversation revolved new posting book delivered manuscript grey days earlier expecting publication promised surpass killed action april view happened promised won like brother went door breakfast sister mary leaving pocket handed envelope containing victoria_cross decorations took leave drove climbed took shortly certainly stopped route clock afternoon called wing announce imminent arrival squadron stationed set english channel unsure ground german advance checked airfield suspected found flying heavy mist decided head france directions raf personnel stationed approached corporal squadron served squadron recognise flying gear marked map returned machine seconds takeoff ground corporal scene minutes fought fire free lying wings worn safety belt followed recognised pilot soon removed taken casualty clearing station diagnosed fractured skull regain consciousness died corporal later stated took machine nearly vertical climb half roll wood usual scout pilots perform little stunt think witness lieutenant different view aircraft took wind feet vertical turn flew wood engine appeared running badly pilot rolled machine failed approximately feet crashed nose wood lieutenant stated thought crash result failed manoeuvre watching flying feet complete roll right ground trees lieutenant believed similar thing flew low going east wood south east apparently rolling saw nose engine entering trees immediately heard crash lieutenant supports notion engine saw flying west east feet engine firing irregularly crossing end pilot sharp turn nose dropped trees dive noise engine ceased usually reports issued incident aircraft date died returns exist report pertaining accident leaving official cause crash unexplained possible engine failed installed doubt mechanical defect culprit witnesses reported pilot attempting low level stunts turns rolls years later witnesses disputed aircraft performed roll agreed trouble began machine entered attitude resembling near vertical turn remains subsequently buried nearby war cemetery death occurred months death german ace commented honoured longer elaborate funeral british wartime score victories included captured shared destroyed shared control official classification counted claim victory morning july handed sister envelope breakfast subsequently found contain medals today medals including victoria_cross displayed kent alongside brothers father original brass engraved grave plaque wooden propeller displayed shattered crashed preserved collection museum collections include uniform jacket half length portrait march contemporary subjects episode list victories complete list claims credited | James McCudden | Warfare | Military people | Military people (G –M) |
9301_JackHinton | jack september june new_zealand soldier served second world war awarded victoria_cross highest prestigious award gallantry face enemy awarded british commonwealth forces actions april battle greece born second world war began volunteered service abroad second new zealand expeditionary force posted wounded fighting prisoner war escape attempts camps germany freed april advancing american forces war managed hotels involved horse racing industry retirement died age early life known jack born new_zealand september seven children railway man educated local schools days starting lessons milk herd cows ran away home argument father found job nearby town year signed aboard norwegian ship spent season return parents started working shepherd soon tired began life working town town travelled spent years west_coast working railroad construction mining gold picking fruit hauling coal saw sport passion boxed lightweight ran foot races played rugby 1930s found regular employment building bridges roads west_coast gained respect honesty hard working nature department invested earnings pub future wife lease world war outbreak war enlisted 2nd raised service abroad posted command lieutenant colonel based older volunteers battalion soon promoted rank corporal long sergeant battalion embarked middle_east 2nd january respectful military authority shortly new arrived egypt commanding squad practising rifle range visited division commander major general asked men shooting expect bloody shoot replied bloody rations heat sand asked repeat comment word word took note instructed carry subsequent increase rations advised company commander best speak senior officers battle greece march 2nd allied units deployed greece help prepare expected invasion italian german troops invasion began april 20th battalion briefly saw action withdrawn missed fighting division reinforcement battalion initially based athens moved port decided allied forces abandon greece reinforcement battalion thousand mainly australian troops awaiting evacuation april new waiting transport advance units german began attack town machine gun fire self propelled inch guns hearing gunfire distance wanting assist defence allied positions went headquarters brigadier officer command evacuation protested strong language order surrender threatened court martial speaking senior officer manner issued threat proceedings talk left determine situation men reinforcement battalion making preparations town face germans meantime collected party soldiers led town came fire ignoring order nearby officer retreat rushed forward nearest enemy gun grenades killed crew continued town waterfront clearing light machine gun nests mortar grenades dealt garrison house enemy assisted capture artillery piece shortly shot stomach captured allied soldiers prisoner war officially listed missing action august spent weeks hospital near athens transferred camp germany meantime recommendation victoria_cross dispatched major medical officer witnessed actions investigation decision award duly october citation read follows night 28th 29th april fighting greece column german armoured forces entered column contained armoured cars guns mortars guns rapidly large force british new_zealand troops awaiting beach order retreat cover given shouting hell come ran yards nearest gun gun fired missing grenades completely wiped crew came bayonet followed crowd new german troops abandoned gun retreated houses smashed window door house dealt garrison bayonet repeated performance second house result overwhelming german forces arrived new held guns fell bullet wound lower abdomen taken prisoner prisoner war announcement week lieutenant member awarded actions fighting prompted joke circulated battalion join 20th prisoner war escape attempts punished solitary confinement attempt fellow prisoners presented ribbon camp commandant returned cell complete punishment april allied advance germany threatened camp germans evacuated camp sickness remained guards left able find keys gates let soon contact soldiers united_states dressed civilian clothes initially treated suspicion soon convinced americans identity borrowed american uniform went forward assisted capture villages rounding german senior american officers soon found presence troops sent england arrived april remained england months awaiting new_zealand time received king held buckingham palace 20th battalion received bar ceremony transport finally available departed new_zealand early july arrived august later life returning home initially life like fellow soldiers returned home struggled adapt civilian life extremely uncomfortable public attention received status recipient eventually found work managing hotels behalf initially based notorious drinking establishment years received mention despatches escape attempts december moved hamilton manage moves country manage hotels time overseas trips attend coronation queen elizabeth_ii regularly attended celebrations including centenary jack married following death husband 1950s died heart attack married hotel running time heavily involved horse racing industry acted steward retired moved spent retirement fishing shifted nearer relatives died june honoured military funeral attended people chief general staff major general delivered eulogy honoured minute silence sitting july survived second wife children marriages buried returned servicemen league section lawn cemetery remembered plaque birthplace restaurant named victoria_cross loaned family display sunday december medals stolen museum february announced medals recovered result reward offered | Jack Hinton | Warfare | Military people | Military people (G –M) |
9689_RudolfHess | spelled april august prominent politician nazi_germany appointed deputy adolf hitler served position flew solo scotland attempt negotiate peace united_kingdom world war taken prisoner eventually convicted crimes peace serving life sentence enlisted 7th field outbreak world war wounded times course war won 2nd class shortly war ended enrolled train aviator saw action role left armed forces december rank enrolled studied proponent concept living space later pillars ideology joined july hitler november beer hall failed nazi attempt seize control government bavaria whilst serving time jail attempted coup helped hitler write foundation political platform nazi seizure power appointed deputy received post hitler cabinet powerful man germany hitler addition appearing hitler behalf speaking engagements rallies signed law legislation including laws stripped jews germany rights lead holocaust continued interested aviation learning fly advanced aircraft coming development start world war undertook solo flight scotland hoped arrange peace talks duke hamilton believed prominent opposition british government immediately arrested arrival held british custody end war returned germany stand trial trials major war criminals trial claimed suffering amnesia later admitted ruse convicted crimes peace conspiracy german leaders commit crimes transferred served life sentence repeated attempts family members prominent politicians win early release blocked soviet_union custody died suicide age death prison demolished prevent neo nazi shrine early life oldest children born april alexandria egypt ethnic german family prosperous merchant bavaria née brother alfred born sister born family lived villa egyptian coast near alexandria visited germany staying summer home attended german language protestant school alexandria sent germany study boarding school demonstrated science mathematics father wished join family business sent study commerce switzerland year took trading company hamburg world war weeks outbreak world war enlisted 7th field initial posting british present battle november transferred 1st infantry regiment stationed near awarded second class promoted corporal april additional training training area promoted senior non commissioned officer received military returning lines november fought participating battle town saint months action throat infection served hit left hand arm june fighting near village month recover sent area remained december promoted platoon leader 10th company 18th serving romania wounded july august injury shell splinter left arm dressed field second bullet wound entered upper chest near exited near spinal column leaving sized entry wound cherry stone sized exit wound august travel sent hospital hungary eventually germany recovered hospital october received promotion recommended receive class father request transferred hospital closer home arriving october requested allowed train pilot christmas leave family reported munich passed required tests underwent training october assigned fighter squadron equipped saw action war ended november opportunity discharged armed forces december family fortunes taken business interests egypt british joined right wing group volunteer paramilitary organisations active germany time bavaria witnessed frequent bloody conflicts right wing groups left wing forces fought control state period participant street battles spring led group distributed thousands pamphlets munich enrolled studied history economics professor proponent concept living space cited justify proposal germany conquer additional territory eastern_europe later introduced concept adolf_hitler pillars ideology friends son social theorist lecturer fellow student university met april chance rented rooms boarding house married december son born years later relationship hitler hearing leader hitler powerful speak time munich rally completely devoted held shared belief stab myth notion germany loss world war caused conspiracy jews military defeat joined july member number party continued grow holding rallies meetings larger beer halls munich focused attention fundraising activities november injured protecting hitler bomb planted group exploded party event joined helped organise recruit early membership problems continued economy caused personal fortunes rendered worthless german government failed meet payments french troops marched occupy industrial areas january widespread civil unrest result hitler decided time attempt seize control government coup état modelled march rome hitler night november stormed public meeting organised bavaria facto ruler state commissioner large beer hall munich pistol hitler interrupted speech announced national revolution begun declaring formation new government world war general day hitler thousand supporters attempted march city centre gunfire broke nazis police fourteen police officers killed hitler arrested november men taken dignitaries hostage night 8th driving house kilometres munich left briefly phone day hostages convinced driver help escape stranded called brought bicycle return munich went stay fled austria convinced return arrested sentenced months prison role attempted coup later known beer hall hitler sentenced years imprisonment outlawed men incarcerated hitler soon began work memoir struggle dictated fellow prisoners edited publisher work published parts later released single volume best seller book message violent foundation political platform hitler released parole december days later ban lifted february party grew members received cent vote election support increased steadily seizure power hitler named private secretary april salary month named personal adjutant july accompanied hitler speaking engagements country friend december named party commissioner retaining interest flying end active military career obtained private pilot licence april instructor world war flying ace owner sponsored party newspaper acquired aircraft early 1930s logging flying hours proficient operation light single engine aircraft deputy january hitler appointed step gaining control germany named deputy april appointed cabinet post minister portfolio december offices munich berlin responsible departments including foreign affairs finance health education law legislation passed office approval concerning army police foreign policy wrote signed hitler annual rallies usually gave opening speech introduced hitler spoke radio rallies country frequently speeches collected book form acted hitler delegate negotiations members classes born abroad hitler oversee groups charge party members living countries hitler instructed review court decisions related persons deemed enemies party authorised increase sentences felt got lightly cases empowered action saw fit entailed sending person concentration camp simply ordering person killed given rank second highest rank nazi regime began jews soon seizure power office partly responsible drafting hitler laws laws far reaching implications jews germany banning marriage non jewish jewish germans non german citizenship friend family subject laws married half jewish woman issued documents legislation build power base develop followers motivated loyalty hitler desire useful seek power prestige advantage position accumulate personal wealth lived modest house munich influence officials popular masses start world war september hitler second line succeed time hitler appointed chief staff personal secretary post held obsessed health point consulting doctors practitioners described captors britain long list involving heart like hitler vegetarian smoke drink brought food claiming dynamic hitler approve practice discontinued taking meals interested music enjoyed reading loved spend time hiking climbing mountains friend shared interest keen continued interested aviation won air race flying circuit returning airfield munich time minutes placed sixth participants similar race held following year outbreak world war asked hitler allowed join luftwaffe pilot hitler forbade ordered stop flying duration war convinced reduce ban year attempted peace mission war progressed hitler attention focused foreign affairs conduct war exclusion directly engaged felt qualified increasingly sidelined affairs nation hitler attention successfully supplanted duties position hitler concerned germany face war fronts plans progressed invasion soviet_union scheduled place spring decided attempt bring britain negotiating table travelling seek meetings british government asked advice suggested potential contacts britain settled fellow aviator duke hamilton met instructions wrote hamilton september letter intercepted hamilton march hamilton chosen mistaken belief leaders opposition party opposed war germany friend letter wrote wife dated november shows spite receiving reply hamilton intended proceed plan began training twin engine aircraft october instructor chief test pilot continued practice including logging cross country flights found specific aircraft handled held reserve personal use asked radio compass modifications oxygen delivery system large long range fuel tanks installed plane requests granted march final check weather reports germany north_sea took airfield specially prepared aircraft attempts depart mission previous efforts called mechanical problems poor weather wearing leather flying suit bearing rank captain brought supply money torch camera maps charts collection different help ward fatigue assortment flight scotland initially setting course landmarks ground orient minor course reached coast near turned flew easterly direction minutes stay range british radar took heading degrees trip north_sea initially low altitude travelling journey feet changed heading degrees intending approach coast near town northumberland sunset initially approached coast forth minutes grew dark time auxiliary fuel tanks exhausted released sea time station moss near newcastle detected presence passed information soon detected stations aircraft designated raid squadron raf group raf air sent attempt interception failed find sent failed spot aircraft dark dropped extremely low altitude low volunteer duty station able correctly identify reported altitude feet tracked additional posts continued flight scotland high speed low altitude unable spot destination headed west coast orient turned inland paul defiant sent squadron raf based began pursuit nearly fuel climbed feet plane injured foot exiting aircraft hit ground aircraft crashed miles west closer destination trouble exiting aircraft considered achievement moment life departure germany given adjutant letter addressed hitler detailed intentions open peace negotiations british delivered letter hitler noon later said hitler described departure worst personal blows life considered personal betrayal hitler worried allies italy japan perceive act attempt hitler secretly open peace negotiations british reason hitler ordered german press decision fly scotland entirely hitler knowledge authority members government including propaganda minister believed matters worse truly mentally ill holding important government position hitler stripped party state offices secretly ordered shot sight returned germany abolished post deputy assigning duties title head party hitler initiated hundreds arrests faith took place june campaign propaganda effort practitioners american journalist met hitler speculated hitler sent deliver message informing winston_churchill forthcoming invasion soviet_union offering negotiated peace partnership soviet leader believed flight engineered british persisted belief late mentioned matter churchill insisted advance knowledge flight hitler churchill explores mystery flight britain suggests carrying documents detailed proposals hitler meant peace germany britain stand neutral planned german war soviet_union return germany willing withdraw western_europe capture landed south glasgow discovered struggling parachute local identifying alfred horn said important message duke hamilton helped nearby cottage contacted local unit escorted captive headquarters taken police station arriving midnight searched possessions confiscated repeatedly requested meet duke hamilton questioning undertaken aid interpreter major area commandant interview taken guard glasgow injuries treated time captors suspected true identity continued insist horn hamilton duty wing commander near edinburgh arrived station tracked progress flight arrived barracks morning examining effects met prisoner immediately admitted true identity outlined reason flight hamilton told hoped continue conversation aid interpreter speak english having trouble understanding hamilton meeting hamilton examined remains company intelligence officer returned arrangements meet prime minister winston_churchill weekend preliminary talks night hamilton accompanied churchill london day met members war cabinet churchill sent hamilton foreign affairs expert met previously positively identify prisoner moved overnight prepared extensive notes use meeting spoke length hitler plans need britain let nazis free europe exchange allowed overseas possessions held meetings course days hamilton returned duties addition disappointed apparent failure mission began claiming medical treatment inadequate plot poison flight destination fate announced germany evening hitler sent foreign minister news person british press permitted release information events day finally learned husband survived trip news fate broadcast german radio wreckage aircraft salvaged maintenance unit taken oxford stored armed machine guns nose carried ammunition pieces plane extant including engines engine piece fuselage london trial imprisonment prisoner war castle transferred briefly tower london surrey fortified mansion designated camp stayed thirteen months churchill issued orders treated allowed read newspapers listen radio intelligence officers stationed soldiers placed guard early june allowed write family prepared letter duke hamilton delivered repeated requests meetings turned major leading german expert berlin took charge year long abortive according files released john treated period note insane mentally unstable tendencies paranoia repeated peace proposal 1st simon serving lord chancellor interview june lord simon noted prisoner mental state good claimed poisoned prevented sleeping insist dinner guards attempted send samples food analysis early morning hours june rushed guards attempted suicide jumping staircase fell stone floor left leg injury required leg kept traction weeks weeks bed rest permitted walk captain assessed noted suicide attempt likely occur near future began time complain amnesia increasingly erratic behaviour ruse declared mentally ill repatriated terms geneva conventions moved june remain years facility chosen added security need fewer guards allowed walks grounds car trips surrounding countryside access newspapers reading materials wrote letters journals mental health remained care continued complain memory loss second suicide attempt february stabbed bread knife wound requiring germany losing war took food week resuming eating threatened force fed germany surrendered facing charges war criminal ordered appear transported october trials allies world war held series military trials beginning trial major war criminals november october tried group defendants charged counts conspiracy commit crimes crimes peace war crimes crimes humanity violation international laws governing warfare arrival reluctant possessions including samples food claimed poisoned british proposed use defence trial commandant facility colonel united_states_army advised allowed special treatment samples sealed confiscated diaries indicate acknowledge validity court felt outcome conclusion thin arrived weighing kilograms poor appetite deemed good health defendant managed hang cell october remaining prisoners monitored clock previous suicide attempts guard cell immediately arrival began exhibiting amnesia hope avoiding death sentence medical personnel examined reported insane fit stand trial british doctor soviet noted belief amnesia fake efforts trigger memory including bringing showing old persisted showing response allowed statement tribunal november admitted faked memory loss tactic spoke tribunal august day closing statements prosecution case presented beginning february quoting speeches attempted demonstrate aware agreed hitler plans conduct war aggression violation international law declared signed important governmental including decree requiring mandatory military service racial laws decree incorporating conquered polish territories share responsibility acts regime pointed timing trip scotland weeks german invasion soviet_union viewed attempt british war resumed showing symptoms amnesia end february prosecution case case defence presented march lawyer noted accepted responsibility signed said matters internal workings sovereign state outside war crimes trial called stand man head testify behalf presented questions organisation countries testified activities espionage permission knowledge called witnesses mayor brother alfred refuted allegations war presented defence case july attempted charge conspiracy pointing hitler important decisions noted held responsible events took place left germany mentally detached happening declining visits family refusing read newspapers court nearly months passing judgement september defendants individually sentenced october found guilty counts crimes peace planning preparing war aggression conspiracy german leaders commit crimes found guilty war crimes crimes humanity given life sentence seven nazis receive prison sentences trial seven transported aircraft allied military prison berlin july soviet member tribunal filed document recording dissent sentence felt death sentence placed control governing body charge military occupation germany consisted representatives member states britain france united_states soviet_union country supplied guards prison month time rotating basis inmates given medical examinations refused body search held provided prison assigned numbers addressed stay number prison small library inmates allowed file special requests additional reading material writing materials limited allowed pieces paper month letters prisoners allowed speak permission expected work facility helping cleaning inmates taken outdoor walks prison grounds hour day separated yards apart rules relaxed time went visits half hour month allowed forbade family visit december patient time wolf years old seen departure germany illness allowed family visit regularly daughter law brought photos films grandchildren particularly welcome visitor health problems mental physical ongoing captivity cried night claiming stomach pains continued suspect food poisoned complained amnesia psychiatrist examined deemed ill transferred mental hospital unsuccessful suicide attempt took place stays hospital spent rest life fellow inmates released poor health 1950s served time released cell prison continued maintained lone prisoner release death estimated cost conditions far pleasant 1980s early years allowed freely cell block setting routine choosing activities included television films reading lift installed readily access garden provided medical orderly onward numerous appeals release launched lawyer beginning early denied mainly soviets repeatedly vetoed proposal located existence gave soviets sector city additionally soviet officials believed known attack country imminent wolf began campaign win father release garnering support notable politicians 1st baron britain germany avail spite prisoner advanced age deteriorating health death aftermath died august age summer house set prison garden reading room took extension cord lamps window hanged death occurred short note family found pocket powers released statement september ruling death suicide initially buried secret location avoid media attention demonstrations nazi interred family plot march wife buried died demolished prevent neo nazi shrine lawyer felt old managed kill repeatedly claimed father murdered prevent revealing information british misconduct war served medical orderly dismissed position local district parliament wrote self published book similar theme according investigation british government available evidence claim murdered solicitor general sir saw grounds investigation autopsy results support conclusion killed report released raised question murdered claims suicide note found body appears written hospitalised town scene neo nazi demonstrations august date death parish council decided allow extension grave site lease expired consent family grave opened july remains cremated ashes scattered sea family members bore destroyed | Rudolf Hess | Warfare | Military people | Military people (G –M) |
9772_AlexanderGodley | general sir february march senior british_army officer best known role commander world war born chatham joined british_army fought boer war served number staff positions england went new_zealand commandant promoted temporary major general reorganised country military establishment following outbreak world war new_zealand government appointed commander led duration war gallipoli campaign commanded composite new_zealand taking command australian final stages campaign promoted lieutenant general brief period command given command corps led corps service western regarded cold commander popularity october insisted continuing offensive weather ground conditions favourable corps suffered heavy losses ensuing battle designated led remainder war war spent time occupied germany commander firstly british_army rhine promoted general general officer commanding appointed order bath governor gibraltar years retirement second world war commanded platoon died age early life born chatham kent england february eldest son british_army captain irish heritage father brother founder canterbury new_zealand father died leaving family dire financial straits intended enter royal_navy changed mind chose pursue career british_army aid family connections educated entered commissioned following year lieutenant unit adjutant enthusiastic engaged hunting polo extremely proficient sport later played international polo match england argentina buenos_aires supplement pay trained polo remained time promoted captain appointed adjutant later year volunteered service assisted suppression rebellion province serving returned england following year promoted major boer war attended staff college following outbreak boer war ended studies early volunteer service africa officers helped raise irregular mounted regiments later adjutant colonel present chief staff officer lieutenant colonel later commanded transferred irish guards appointed staff commander years later transferred commanding commandant colonel serving staff 2nd division accepted position commandant known reservations new appointment line command infantry brigade concerned posted remote new_zealand detrimental career arrived new_zealand duties december promoted temporary major general fourteen british_army officers tasked military establishment country compulsory military training recently introduced government little thought implementation drew heavily recommendations lord visited new_zealand earlier year inspection tour established replaced outdated recently disbanded volunteer force organised structure military districts district capable raising infantry mounted brigade districts specified number battalions regiments organised lines british_army formed train administer quality small arms personal equipment provided country military personnel improved orders placed new artillery pieces machine guns men involved divisional level training camps years previously manpower logistical constraints force battalion level camps achieved general visited new_zealand impressed level country military reflected positively work appointed knight commander order michael year began putting plans place rapid deployment new zealand expeditionary force event war europe anticipated likely enemy envisaged deployment europe possibly egypt counter likely threat suez_canal event turkey aligned germany envisioned expected deployment australian chief brigadier general possibility composite division discussed question germany possessions raised agreed new_zealand responsibility australia dealt german new_guinea arrangements place deployment soon test world war began new_zealand occupation force quickly assembled occupy world war new_zealand government authorised formation service war support great_britain having relinquished position commandant general commander retain command duration war making regular reports new_zealand minister defence october consisted men embarked wellington europe intended service western diverted egypt transit following entry turkey war egypt underwent intensive period training supervision despite strict approach training discipline relatively commander time established drinking disease treatment centres men gallipoli prior start commander new_zealand composite formation infantry brigades new command infantry divisions newly formed australian commanded general extremely competent administrator reservations new_zealand government following appointment commander division allen publicly supportive privately believed alternative commander found division completed training distant remote divisional commander popular soldiers command favoured professional officers british_army drawn day landing gallipoli april came ashore gallipoli midday consulting afternoon view allied forces dealing expected resistance evacuated ahead expected attack turkish forces morning bridges agreed commander sir ordered hold fast continued divisional commander campaign gallipoli tall stature constant tours line amidst jokes communication trenches needed dug deeply allow height visit personally directed troop deployments counter potential turkish counterattack despite reputation rank file division improve offensive operations sound august offensive lack oversight allowed brigade commanders brigadier general british_army officer deployment reinforcements morning august possession required support consolidate position order reinforcements forward later day crucial momentum lost later recaptured turks took command newly formed commander australian final stages gallipoli campaign promoted temporary lieutenant general november appointment corps commander effectively took responsibility administration month decided evacuate allied forces gallipoli detailed planning evacuation left chief staff brigadier general closely inspected plans giving approval evacuation successfully carried nights december departing night following withdrawal knight commander services gallipoli recommendation general sir replaced hamilton commander chief reforming egypt returned egypt following withdrawal gallipoli number reinforcements new_zealand australia bring existing divisions strength january proposed forming new divisions surplus reinforcements australian 4th new formations existing divisions formed renamed australian named commander included original divisions 1st 2nd divisions newly formed divisions engaged defensive duties suez_canal following german attack february decided planned western corps france march exchanged commands took western consisted australian 4th 5th divisions took defensive duties australian divisions relatively raw oversaw intensive training formations end considered divisions equal 1st 2nd australian divisions time western following month divisions began departing france went leave short time period transition corps july returned duty took section line previously occupied near later month 5th division participated support neighbouring later transferred rank lieutenant general substantive september continued lead corps engaged october joined previously based england corps attached performed major engagement writing allen battle regarded capture greatest success war far achieved lighter casualties incurred despite success august poor standing publicly raised member visited earlier year serving western continued fulfill role overall commander addition corps command september reinforcements new_zealand continued arrive western replace casualties lost major battles previous years allen minister defence concerned drain new_zealand manpower allen considered australia canada making proper contributions war effort response pointed australian divisions seen action new played important role offensive october following success corps battle october believed morale germans low pushed attacks secure concert preference commander superior officer general preferred halt offensive weather deteriorated immediately battle attack october 49th divisions british formations attached hampered poor weather showed signs achieved limited gains despite urging attack planned october time ground sea mud lack preparation corps headquarters hampered preliminary movements attacking divisions supporting artillery plans attack overly ambitious scale previous operations mounted earlier month better weather ground conditions time prepare operation october proved failure limited gains heavy losses attacking divisions battle losses amounted casualties gains official correspondence allen friend assistant private secretary king efforts allen raised concerns extent new_zealand contributions war relative australia sought explanation new_zealand losses october allen beginning quality british raised prospect replaced commander proposed major general commander successor remained commander disbandment late january australian contingent transferred redesignated months later transferred corps composed largely british_army divisions small contingent new_zealand corps units involved defence allied positions german spring offensive late march participated french command second battle july temporary commander battle saint early phase days offensive august returning command close war mentioned despatches times received number foreign decorations result war service award french appointed grand having previously awarded serbian great officer cross order white eagle swords october crown belgian postwar career war commander based germany occupation army remained responsible administration november military secretary secretary state war returned germany commander chief british_army rhine promoted general following year appointed commander august appointed governorship gibraltar position remained retirement considered immediate post war governors interfering politics royal hunt king removed master hunt creating large divisions repaired successor took charge held new_zealand soldiers high esteem respect tours new_zealand order bath january included coat arms image new_zealand late considered possible candidate governorship new_south_wales ultimately appointed position retirement wrote number professional articles memoirs life irish soldier published later wrote published south_america june wife married died england couple childless lived new_zealand term commandant accompanied egypt war egypt mentioned despatches work setting running hospital alexandria new_zealand soldiers sent funeral new_zealand government behalf citizens following outbreak second world war offered services new_zealand government got response later commanded platoon died age rest home oxford march remains cremated funeral service held march memorial service held royal military chapel wellington barracks london march service attended representative publications sir life irish soldier general sir new_york company alexander sir south_america london | Alexander Godley | Warfare | Military people | Military people (G –M) |
10170_LouisLipsett | june october senior officer british_army world war commanded battles war taking predecessor killed killed action month end war reconnaissance mission observing german positions highly experienced officer previously seen action campaign second boer war british_army serving officer later instrumental developing military training education canada expanding shore defences british_columbia response threat german east asian cruiser squadron experienced capable officer popular men superiors death considered loss division early military career born ireland richard june raised wales england following father death educated took entrance examination wishes entering college graduating 35th class commissioned second lieutenant took ship india served years participating campaign campaigns conducted distinction promoted lieutenant contracting near fatal bout cholera regiment ordered south_africa service second boer war serve significant actions performed duties promoted captain return england recommended returned south_africa staff officer deputy assistant adjutant aid colonial government task performed posted regiment based conducted regimental business operated aide camp commander responded young staff officers operate colonial military military education british_empire sent canada promoted major working hard improve training dominion instigated numerous new training courses special schools establishing close ties canadian military establishment personally training generation canadian staff officers generals world war outbreak world war dispatched british_columbia pacific coastline largely believed risk embarked raiding campaign pacific_ocean battle recognised immediate threat canadian coast fears whilst simultaneously organising local militia forces deploying submarines purchased provincial premier task completed british_columbia took command training 8th battalion canadian expeditionary force friend recalled commanding officer accessible charming manner respected presumed kindness old soldiers war failed touch soft spot heart joined british_army france second battle troops faced german assault involving use poison gas modern warfare credited issuing order counteract effects poison gas ordered men strips cloth tie faces battalion instrumental holding line action consequently rewarded companion order michael promoted acting brigadier general given command canadian 2nd brigade trained spring conduct major trench raids german lines june commanding officer killed enemy mount belgium given acting promotion replace command promotion lieutenant colonel canadian minister militia defence minister sir attempted removed division favour hughes son highly regarded canadian military establishment overruled hughes led division worst campaigns including extensive operations battle received promotion substantive lieutenant colonel february april division instrumental canadian success battle ridge following september division took heavy casualties bitter fighting battle battles forced units fresh drafts severe casualties division took august involved planning execution assault german positions entire known completely successful companion order bath rest month engaged combat division start september arranged transfer command order entirely canadians death unhappy transfer took energetic command division days offensive october whilst planning assault france crawling bank overlooking officers staff afternoon party spotted german machine gun opened fire river party went ground single bullet struck face able lines collapsed massive blood loss regained consciousness british general killed world war buried following day funeral attended dozens officers british canadian armies france burial party provided prince wales war posthumously awarded legion french government remembered dictionary arguably best canadian officer great war thoughtful pre war professional dedication paid fire set example disregard danger times places fact lead follow ideal set lived end | Louis Lipsett | Warfare | Military people | Military people (G –M) |
10270_MichaeltheBrave | michael brave romanian pronounced pronounced hungarian august prince regarded romania greatest national heroes rule began autumn years later war ottomans began conflict prince fought considered important battles reign emerged victorious battle michael forced retreat troops wait aid allies holy roman emperor war continued peace finally emerged january lasted year half peace reached late michael unable continue war lack support allies michael won soon entered imperial governor facto ruler months later michael troops invaded reached capital leader fled poland michael declared prince michael kept control provinces year nobles certain rose series revolts michael allied imperial general defeated uprising hungarian nobility immediately victory ordered assassination michael action carried august men early life michael born family stay prague portrayed painter mentioned portrait words 43rd year life indicates year michael birth little known childhood early years adult argued historians illegitimate son prince good branch believe merely invented descent order justify rule mother member noble family present allegedly descended byzantine emperor michael political rise spectacular court end ban rule swear descent conflict break michael forced flee accompanied half brother supporters spending weeks court left constantinople help cousin eldest son patriarch negotiated ottoman support accession throne supported english ambassador ottoman capital aided loan michael invested prince september started effective rule october considered traitor forced purchase title ruler long michael prince turned ottoman_empire year joined christian alliance european powers formed pope viii turks signed treaties neighbours viii started campaign turks autumn conquering near danube including allies defeated turks parts continued attacks deep ottoman_empire taking forts reaching far point forces kilometers constantinople staged elaborate plot aaron removed power chancellor ethnic romanian operation arrested charges treason night april sent capital family treasure die poisoned end castle forced justify actions european powers played active role anti ottoman coalition later city signed treaty michael behalf point view internal politics treaty called regime reinforcing important political power noble elite according treaty council great alongside executive rule country longer executed knowledge approval prince convicted treason fortunes longer confiscated apparently michael displeased final form treaty negotiated envoys forced comply prince michael said conversation polish envoy proceed stated instructions good required obtained privileges try avoid obligations imposed rest reign reign michael relied heavily loyalty support group lords important romanian relatives mother consequently protected interests reign example passed law binding lands owned standpoint religious jurisdiction treaty important consequence placed eastern orthodox bishops jurisdiction period ottoman army based ruse preparing cross danube undertake major attack michael quickly forced retreat ottoman forces started cross danube august army outnumbered michael avoided carrying battle open field decided battle field located near village river started august michael defeated ottoman army led despite victory retreated winter camp troops mount scale war remaining ottoman forces subsequently joined forces man army led ottomans freeing towns october october temporarily removing ottoman fight ottomans continued michael incursions south assisted local uprising late michael faced unexpected attack destroyed towns time michael gathered army counterattack retreated battle fought michael determined continue war ottomans prevented lacked support january declared independence michael rule michael knew attempt divert preparing future attack michael requested support finally agreed send financial assistance ruler june formal treaty reached michael according treaty austrian ruler sufficient money maintain man army armaments supplies shortly treaty signed war ottomans resumed michael besieged september took control war ottomans continued june michael lacking resources support continue war signed peace treaty april resigned prince favor reversed decision october resigned favor cardinal cousin strong ties polish chancellor placed influence trusted ally new prince michael greatest enemies deposed help polish august having face new threat michael asked sovereign september october issued ultimatum demanding michael abandon throne michael decided attack andrew cardinal immediately prevent invasion later describe events rose country children taking wife army marched foe crush left october october reached southern met envoys city city moved joined forces october michael won decisive victory army prince cardinal battle giving control retreated battle killed november near michael gave burial enemy dead michael entered capital received keys fortress later depicted seminal event romanian historiography keeper archives time recorded event great detail wrote days diet met october nobles elected michael prince diet assembled michael demanded estates swear loyalty son recognized diet imperial governor subject nonetheless ruler michael following signature official documents super michael councillor majesty emperor king deputy general captain troops michael entered immediately free grant rights romanian inhabitants primarily peasants constituted significant proportion population michael demonstrated support recognized traditional rights privileges hungarians didn recognize rights evidence michael wanted play political role brought aides invited hungarians assist administration wished far advanced feudal system michael began negotiating emperor official position wanted direct imperial rule michael acting governor hand wanted title prince equally claimed region michael willing acknowledge old enemy michael having send michael ultimatum demanding brother claimed throne title aware threat represented michael created july new ban charged keeping alert eye moves michael planning campaign years february michael met polish envoys willing recognise polish king sovereign exchange crown recognition male heirs hereditary right significantly delay attack april michael troops entered multiple routes prince leading main thrust roman reached capital garrison surrendered citadel day michael forces caught fleeing saved captured sacrifice rear guard took refuge castle family handful faithful prince soldiers castle deserted leaving small polish contingent sole defenders cover dark june managed sneak walls camp neighboring states alarmed balance power especially hungarian nobility rose michael rebellion help defeated michael battle forcing prince leave remaining loyal troops polish army led drove defeated michael battle river polish army entered eastern established ruler forces loyal michael remained victory assassination michael asked assistance emperor visit prague february march granted emperor heard general lost control hungarian nobility led accepted ottoman protection forces loyal michael led son drove prepared michael allied defeated hungarian army days later sought control executed assassination michael order emperor took place near august according romanian historian seal michael brave seal comprises coats arms middle shield eagle sun moon holding cross coat arms meeting standing lions supporting sword seven mountains shield held crowned figures inscriptions seal circular alphabet mold meaning second placed circular arc separating coat rest composition translated grace god legacy rule break ottoman rule tense relations european powers leadership states considered later periods precursor modern romania thesis argued noted intensity theory point reference nationalists catalyst romanian forces achieve single romanian state romanian romantic nationalists regarded romania greatest national heroes prince managed short time rule territories united centuries later modern romania begins perceived middle 19th century interpretation completely lacking historiography 17th century school emphasized apart exceptional personality michael idea close relations emperor ambition likewise frequently cited motivation action occupying place later occupied romanian idea writings chronicler appears role cause blood christians highly appreciated tired rule perspective found history princes attributed chronicler michael adversaries distinction foreigners alike subjected turks hungarians rule picturesque flavor expression serves confirm absence romanian idea member said work short explanation history written year michael called brave succeeded great warrior fought turks defeated took gave emperor states time concept romanian nation desire unification exist firmly states absence national element michael politics holding michael lack desire join proved actions motivated concept named michael commemorated monks monastery great contributions form land money rebuilding monastery destroyed fire film famous romanian film director representation life ruler unite romanian country order michael brave romania highest military decoration named michael portrait appear romanian coins pieces type coin entered circulation circulated 1990s | Michael the Brave | Warfare | Military people | Military people (G –M) |
10458_LeslieMorshead | lieutenant general sir september september australian soldier teacher businessman farmer military career spanned world wars second world war led australian british troops second battle achieving decisive victories strict demanding officer soldiers nicknamed later simply villain flash gordon comics world war broke august resigned teaching position commission travel sydney enlist private 2nd commissioned lieutenant september landed april battalion advance australian unit day australia commander led wars successful business career remained active time militia commanding battalions brigades appointed command 18th 6th division commander led siege second battle returned australia appointed command led new_guinea campaign commanded corps borneo campaign early life born september victoria sixth seven children gold emigrated cornwall canada wife australian born daughter fellow immigrant william died years old educated appointed junior teacher student obtain formal teaching qualifications graduation december awarded scholarship complete education diploma decided year order teach schools country victoria teaching district district entered failing exam logic decided quit state school system took position new_england district new_south_wales moved prestigious commissioned lieutenant appointed commander school cadet unit commissioned lieutenant militia february promoted captain september commanded company school larger cadet unit met daughter happy valley victoria sister pupils world war gallipoli teaching career interrupted outbreak world war august resigned teaching position commission travelled sydney enlist private 2nd commanded lieutenant colonel knew time teaching time ranks brief commissioned lieutenant september embarked egypt transport suffolk october battalion training promoted captain january 2nd landed april platoon transferred transport destroyer took yards shore transferred wooden boats towed shore arriving battalion advance australian unit day reaching slopes baby driven turkish counter attack afternoon beat counter attacks days assumed command company april battalion defeated major turkish attacks position june promoted major june distinguished battle lone pine august intense fighting officers battalion casualty september like succumbed fever evacuated england hospital ship admitted england services gallipoli campaign mentioned despatches western returned australia january treated 4th new south wales recovered posted raised commander april promoted rank lieutenant colonel days later embarked england battalion trained england november embarked southampton france december relieved british battalion quiet nursery sector western mentioned despatches awarded citation written division commander major general read officer displayed conspicuous ability administration organisation battalion attained high standard fighting efficiency energetic attention training officers men prior responsible battalion relieved british battalion line days arriving battalion taken place line proved efficient fighting unit officer personality marked capacity command organised controlled raids enemy trenches carried successfully courage strong personality created excellent spirit ranks battalion officer previously served gallipoli official historian described little years age traditions british_army childhood like tight champagne nearest approach young australian able distinguish valuable worthless old army practice battalion officers mess assistance fine adjutant lieutenant jones second command major white experience fighting junior captain 2nd battalion baby turned battalion acquainted force recognised best subsequently led june disastrous october suffered heavy losses march sent sector help halt german spring offensive battalion detached sent march commander brigadier general ordered restore aid british 12th battalion able restore line unable advance far hoped relieved withdrawn rest april find line broken threatened battalion participated halting advance prevented germans capturing town april town heavily shelled poison gas men including gas casualties return unit june led 33rd infantry battalion battle fighting august awarded french grade citation written new division commander major general read gallantry initiative ability action operations august august attack east lieutenant colonel command special force purpose clearing executed task great skill fought battalion objectives capturing prisoners guns large quantity little cost force subsequently advance north august situation left flank uncertain lieutenant colonel maintained position refusing left flank enabling remainder brigade maintain position august north fought battalion great ability success military ability fine fighting spirit circumstances inspiring effect ranks contributed greatly success operation service western companion order michael december mentioned despatches times wars returned australia november appointment terminated march considered applying regular army commission found reserved graduates tried farming accepting soldier settlement block acres near queensland venture failure returned melbourne married november daughter elizabeth working odd jobs joined sydney october appointed passenger manager sydney office orient line appointments followed publicity manager january acting manager melbourne office passenger publicity superintendent temporary business manager brisbane office april returned sydney moved melbourne office temporary office manager position permanent december went sydney office time remained active time militia commanding 19th commander august promoted colonel appointed command 14th january moved melbourne transferred command 15th major general sir returning sydney assumed command visit england duties occasion observe british_army manoeuvres impressed pace modern forces realised australian_army long way human technical resources promoted brigadier known right wing views war member clandestine far right wing paramilitary organisation second world war britain october selected command 18th new 6th division brigade composed battalions smaller states natural assignment regular officer prime minister restricted commands senior posts militia officers experience army outside home states met october select officers new brigade like given regular officer case major formally enlisted october given serial number given rank colonel temporary brigadier days later delay preparing 18th camp meant concentrated december meantime battalions trained home states 16th departed palestine january 18th moved vacated accommodation new_south_wales consequence training proceeded slowly 16th 17th infantry brigades 18th finally embarked sydney route diverted united_kingdom owing dangerous military situation following moved camps trained australian force major general poorly equipped 18th nonetheless given important role defence september informed force nucleus new 9th division appointed command 18th embarked middle_east november reaching alexandria december commander order british_empire january brigades arrive england australia seriously ill decided send home appointed command 9th division january according official historian inch general slight build seemingly mild facial expression masked strong personality impact slight acquaintance quickly felt precise speech flint like piercing scrutiny conveyed impressions authority battles montgomery later declare contests likely found wanting february completely reorganised 18th 25th infantry brigades transferred 7th division return received 20th 24th infantry brigades short battalion garrison duty darwin partly trained equipped artillery ordered area relieve 6th division formation participate half trained half equipped pitched thick action immediately retreat commonwealth forces newly arrived general occupying vital port given command garrison retreat known australians handicap continued surrounded hundreds miles enemy lines lieutenant general determined held ordered defend ordered 18th reinforce garrison bringing brigades british artillery tank units brought provide support general sir instructed hold fortress months rest forces reorganised mounted relief mission supporting forces allied nations force decisively defeated powerful initial assaults retained possession fortress strategy defence mentioned officer training colleges world example arrange conduct depth defences superior armoured force important tactics conducting offensive operations possible attitude summed reported remark attention drawn british propaganda article entitled commented aggressive use artillery counter attacks achieved surprise crucial kept forces balance axis troops learned fear aggressive patrolling australian infantry dominated man land constant raids enemy forward positions intelligence prisoners disrupt attack preparations operations steal supplies available troops backed sited artillery mobile reserves held weeks months time separate relief campaigns main allied force egypt failed axis described ali thieves branded defenders port rats seized wore badge pride men referred later simply villain comics july convinced troops tired health deteriorating spite efforts morale discipline slipping informed relieved arranged 18th relieved rejoin 7th division august relieving point political considerations came play newly installed government prime minister australia advice took matter prime minister winston_churchill protested relief cause turned operation postponed october replaced moved syria serve occupation force resting training reinforcements marked rare defeat german armoured forces stage war battle knight commander order british empire january awarded polish government exile decorated november outbreak war japan december imminent threat invasion saw 6th 7th divisions transferred far_east early march given command australian forces mediterranean theatre promoted lieutenant general remaining commander allied divisional commanders distinct record success stage war acting commander british formation largely composed commonwealth troops occasions hopes given command corps great war war including thought excellent choice disagreements led difficult subordinate excellent division commander demands commanding corps australian regular officer new commander lieutenant general felt possess training experience command corps passed favour british regular officer junior commanded division action second battle given responsibility clearing corridor german italian forces north threatening cut coastal road sea initial assault division way enemy defences failed clear minefields british attack main effort switched punched massive german italian position days great cost process ultimately forcing retreat certain informed breakout possible fighting divisional sector 9th division suffered casualties australians killed wounded captured missing received mention despatches june november created knight commander new guinea campaign recalled arrived february welcomed home lieutenant general divisional commander sydney wars flew melbourne met sir sir informed command corps march commander handing command association entirely broken formed corps 6th 7th divisions undergoing jungle warfare training upcoming battles new_guinea intention spend time learning art jungle warfare replaced lieutenant general sir corps new_guinea chief staff brigadier chief staff late september summoned new_guinea relieve herring lieutenant general sir commander october found difficult situation japanese held high ground overlooking australian rapidly reinforcing position mount major counterattack demanded got critical reinforcements including tanks japanese counterattack crushed relieved brigadier command 24th replacing commanded brigade campaign unlike senior officers relief controversial time attracted little attention adjusting jungle warfare challenge men recalled picked day read like gun identified light gun killed trap kind war come war divisions fought divisions artillery maximum scale news gun certain area scout killed certain point november acting commander departure australian high commissioner india permanent january major general commander concerning relative placed 7th division directly command soon command feeling favourites individually collectively men served receiving treatment overall charge forces new_guinea battles rewarded capture april handed command lieutenant general returned australia remained commander despite fact command active area critics government picked public announcement november command charged shelved contrary recommended succeed commander chief event dealing politicians held little appeal pleased recognition hoped occur event end wartime service respite july appointed commander corps nominally lesser command australian_army subsequent operations staff headquarters exchanged names february received word objective borneo general placed corps direct command operation series landings east north west coasts island carried great efficiency achieving objectives low casualties british government proposed british lieutenant general sir given command operation proposed invasion main island japan australian government intention appointment officer experience fighting japanese counter proposed command war ended issue resolved post war life war returned civilian life australian general manager december continued receive honours military service including mention despatches president chairman director companies headed association secret organization similar movement involved prepared oppose communist attempts quietly disbanded later life turned offers military diplomatic posts governorship queensland serve president british youth emigration support scheme trustee scholarship trust fund provided assistance descendants second world war veterans appointed chairman committee reviewed group departments concerned defence government accepted committee recommendation supply defence production amalgamated dropped key proposal absorb navy air reform finally carried government died cancer september sydney given military funeral soldiers 9th division paid respects body cremated survived wife daughter commemorated ways road drive runs past canberra named canberra suburb war veterans home high care associated self care bedroom houses portrait held australian war memorial wartime papers | Leslie Morshead | Warfare | Military people | Military people (G –M) |
10493_AdolfGalland | adolf adolf joseph ferdinand march february general flying ace served second world war europe flew combat missions fought western defence fronts occasions survived shot credited aerial victories born pilot joined graduated pilot german applying join republic later year application accepted took offer february transferred luftwaffe spanish civil war volunteered flew ground attack missions support nationalists finishing tour employed writing technical experiences ground attack pilot period served instructor ground attack units german invasion poland september flew ground attack missions early managed persuade superiors allow fighter pilot flew end tally victories reached stayed france fought royal_air_force raf northern france november tally increased time earned oak leaves swords november commanded general der killed flying accident succeeded staying position january general der forbidden fly combat missions late january early february planned commanded luftwaffe air cover kriegsmarine operation major success earned knight oak leaves swords diamonds ensuing years disagreements best combat bombing germany caused relationship deteriorate luftwaffe fighter force severe pressure blamed failure prevent allied strategic bombing germany daylight relationship collapsed altogether early january relieved command constant criticism luftwaffe leadership house arrest following called revolt senior pilots tried save position having dismissed march returned operational flying permitted form jet fighter unit called flew missions germany end war war employed argentina government acted consultant later returned germany managed business friends enemies raf aces died february early life family born march family ancestry refugee france count beginning tradition handed father son adolf junior second sons senior french wife anna née family tradition senior worked land manager older brother younger brothers paul father pet names family members wife anna called older brother called toby adolf nicknamed paul called expecting girl occasionally younger brothers fighter pilots aces paul claimed victories shot killed october credited victories shot killed august youth lifelong interest flying started group aviation enthusiasts brought club heath east railway estate created interest flying young germans travelled foot horse drawn wagon kilometres father bought motorcycle help prepare flight treaty versailles germany denied air force allowed way fledgling pilots begin flying career sport popular set schools seven military districts germany military published magazine flight sport encourage interest aviation began series competitions country learned basic laws flight worked paper found work reality inexperience caused accidents taught techniques year old passed certificate certificates needed professional license eventually attained certificates father promised buy passed examinations succeeded outstanding pilot instructor passed february graduated gymnasium high school personnel accepted aviation school germany national airline early military career pilot training final years jobs scarce life hard family economically adolf experience flying applied heavily successful applicants days selected flight training adolf assessed performance reach standard sent home flight early career went badly flight heavy landing damaged aircraft later leading aircraft formation collided killed judged employed poor formation tactics incidents affected badly convinced soon sent home applied join german_army meantime carried flight training receive reply army settled continue training flights award certificate allowing fly large aircraft kilograms weight helped regain confidence time army accepted application owing successful training improved flying flying school refused release christmas logged hours flying obtained certificate early sent baltic_sea training base train flying boats disliked learning perceived logged hours aircraft soon afterward pilots ordered attend interview der group interviewed military personnel civilian clothing informed secret military training program built involved high performance aircraft pilots accepted invitation join organisation luftwaffe ordered meeting berlin civilian pilots airmen came clandestine programmes meeting time impressed believed competent leader july travelled italy train italian air_force initially germans treated inferior italians flown daring impressive low level manoeuvres german contingent won hosts respect september returned germany flew minor competitions pilot winning prizes soon returned learn instrument flying receive training heavy transport aircraft logging hours training beginning october flew flying barcelona spain geneva december recalled headquarters offered chance join new luftwaffe found choice hard wanted adventure military flying career airline pilot enjoyed life style flying visiting exotic places reluctant decided officially join luftwaffe basic training army discharged barracks dresden october february airmen waiting inducted new march ordered report fighter wing arriving headquarters april performance impressive position instructor evaluated deemed good operational posting october manoeuvre training crashed coma days injuries damaged eye fractured skull broken nose recovered declared unfit flying doctors friend major kept doctors report secret allow adolf continue flying expansion luftwaffe wing flooded administration officers medical report overlooked year showed signs injury crash october crashed hospitalised injured eye point previous medical report came light unfit certificate discovered major rumoured undergone court martial investigators dropped charges grounded admitted having fragments glass eye convinced doctors fit flying duty ordered undergo eye tests claims testing begin brothers managed acquire charts adolf charts passing test permitted fly legion spanish civil war appointed unit sent support nationalist franco flew ground attack missions spain displayed unique style flying swimming cigar teeth aircraft decorated figure asked developed style gave simple answer like like war flew combat mission spain commander july near time spain analysed engagements evaluated techniques devised new ground attack tactics passed luftwaffe experiences pin point ground assaults proponent dive bomber leading supporter push wings opponent push opposite dual combination fighter bombers trials selected undergo trials dive bomber role time spain developed early gasoline oil bombs suggested personnel trains aid relocation following nationalist victory awarded contributions left spain replaced leaving flights deeply impressed performance aircraft persuaded change strike pilot fighter pilot fellow student friend dresden later said good pilot excellent shot ambitious wanted noticed crazy hunting man staff post august took leave visited spanish morocco return germany ordered headquarters tasked preparing recommendations subject close air support favoured virtually simultaneous attack air force army advance leaving opponents time recover lessons world war kind coordination possible adopted italian suggestion heavy armament criticised light machine guns early german fighter aircraft pointed advantages multi gun configurations combining machine guns cannon proved successful recognised innovation drop tanks extend range aircraft need specialised tactics escorting bomber fleets prevailing idea luftwaffe raf bomber suggestions adopted proved successful early campaigns time instructed trained equipped ground support wings fall case green invasion czechoslovakia invasion place excellence evaluation earned place training facility asked test fly prototype reconnaissance strike aircraft wanted hoped returned fighter unit fly time gave positive types test career received news 2nd battle group 2nd demonstration wing fighter unit special mixed ground attack aircraft combat career polish campaign outbreak war promoted invasion poland september onward flew equipped nicknamed supporting september flew reconnaissance mission nearly shot day flew ground attack missions support 1st division advancing flew intensive sorties support division german_army reached river near warsaw september luftwaffe executing kind close air support operations advocating participated maximum effort luftwaffe battle september visits adolf hitler arrived headquarters lunch staff state september german air units withdrawn campaign ceased combat operations date having flown missions flying nearly missions wars averaging missions day september awarded iron cross second class claimed suffering unfit flying open cockpit aircraft suggested transfer single engine aircraft type closed cockpit improve condition request accepted medical grounds removed post direct ground support pilot explained open caused complaint cause given performance eye specialists certain suspicion reasonable transferred fighter wing february adjutant restricting flying western_europe transfer met injuries match sharp glass eyes denied capacity time recognised ace pilot aerial victories shared experiences leadership air tactics organisation time meeting order gain experience lacked offered chance join unit flying patrols french border sorties learned tactics aircraft indicate position enemy formation early warning system learned allow operate freely order seize initiative surprise taking findings commander agreed implementation gained experience combat leader acting went leave invaded low countries france fall supported german forces battle belgium day offensive kilometres west belgium height metres flying claimed aerial victories royal_air_force raf aircraft squadron hurricanes escorting bombers bomb bridges netherlands remembered kill child play excellent weapon luck successful best fighter pilot needs pursued scattering hurricanes shot low level pilot canadian flying officer killed claimed hurricane later day long believed opponents belgian knowing destroyed ground days seeing combat shot french aircraft flight ran fuel short runway landed nearby base hill help soldiers german battery pushed hill half flew half airfield valley sent fuel landed short runway continued flying day claimed aircraft making total seven awarded iron cross class effective defeat belgium moved forward airfields support invasion france encountering time impressed aircraft pilots claimed shot sea june claimed french aircraft 12th victory june took command iii iii 3rd group 26th fighter wing position command establishment included mistakenly attacked fall case red radio frequency able warn opened fire remainder campaign passed incident june major took command pleased having served days june flew fighting july promoted major moved remain months iii based july iii took operations english channel phase battle known met squadron forced larger number turning battle ran germans fuel recalled impressed ability low speed turn little executing split half roll followed pulling long curving dive follow exceeding maximum safe speed structural failure aircraft escape france low altitude covered retreat losing squadron action shot loss shocked aggression shown pilots believed relatively inexperienced later said realised quick easy victory battles channel continued shot july august awarded knight des victories continued fighter sweeps southern england main assault opened august unit engaged squadron brief shot battles raf know send aircraft suspect high level organisation work controlling raf fighters cloudy skies britain dangerous environment confront enemy effective ground control system resolved fly higher things performed best august weeks fighting britain increased score day claimed victories claimed highest number enemy aircraft destroyed wounded grounded damaged knee claims squadron raf surprised aggressive attacks weeks claimed air battle filing claim squadron lost late morning early afternoon battle claim matches loss piloted rescued severe shock afternoon day claimed squadron claimed unit officially confirmed germans raf fighters hit destroyed pilot officer killed summoned august missed intense air battle day known hardest day meeting insisted combat fighters escort survive single engine fighters high scoring aces shared concerns close escort bombers robbed fighter pilots freedom engage enemy terms pointed fact german bombers flew medium altitudes low speed best height area speed resented pilots having carry task equipment position returned action august replacing appointment impact successes august september filed claims victories included claims august hurricane tally 25th victim squadron claimed kilometers south cambridge accounted 7th victory squadron shot morning near pilot officer killed crash landing flying officer wounded foot september claimed 30th victory claimed shot morning lost hurricanes flying officer rhodes davis killed flying officer wounded battle fighter pilots criticised growing bomber losses line general officer briefing luftwaffe tactics asked fighter pilots needed win battle replied like fitted powerful engines replied like outfit squadron left rage preferred offensive sweeps regarded better defensive fighter owing said superior attack suitable purely defensive purposes little slower question killing enemy pilots raised conversation recalled wanted know thought looked straight eyes said think order shoot pilots regard murder told power order reply expected later stated thought asking question answer question posed opposed favour action passed test september date known large scale clashes claimed 33rd air victory hurricane leading september member receive knight oak leaves des mit achieving 39th 40th aerial victories september summoned berlin receive award adolf hitler battle britain continued large scale past october considered historians end campaign victories hurricanes claimed october including october took tally victims claimed likely squadron pilot officer wounded killed november victories including hurricanes accounted record victories putting level late shot killed november december recorded 57th victory successful fighter pilot war point putting ahead colleague friend rival channel promoted continued lead raf fighter sweeps northern europe early luftwaffe fighter units sent eastern south leaving sole single engine fighter france time equipped new normally equipped later cannon firing propeller hub mounted felt model armed tested series specials unique armament cannon mounted machine guns integral wing mounted cannons april took champagne celebrate general birthday france england looking raf aircraft cliffs dover spotted group attacked claimed confirmed unconfirmed shot actual result destruction damaged force landings pilots wounded combat dropped causing raf pilots flight lieutenant claim aircraft destroyed landed incident presented gifts success day represented 60th 61st aerial victory received telephone requesting intercept flown heading scotland unable launch fighter sweep flight far north reached scotland crashing aircraft sent fighters conduct sweeps honestly claim carried orders nearly dark ordered pilots unused night flying stand continued successes summer june led small number patrol english coast attacked pair squadron raf hurricanes claiming shot confirmed british records crash landing took tally point raf mount non stop offensive france germans point operations soon labeled nonsense offensive intended engage british inflict maximum damage small losses engaged strength fighters scramble quickly gain height use sun cloud attack enemy formation vulnerable tactics pilots began emerge aces effective commanders june example accounted enemy aircraft score bringing tally later rise command claimed hurricane day victory number loss confirmed british records june accounted hurricanes squadron following day accounted inflated tally highest recorded tally morning june accounted shot escorts crash landing near afternoon shot watching victim long shot factory number code flown thought parachute actually pulling parachute release harness feeling composed pulled opened drove hospital treated wounds informed victories earned knight mit und july led combat formation bombers fighter hit round bombers escort fighters armour plate fitted days earlier saved life wounded head managed land hospitalised second time days earlier week armour plate installed severely mechanic hit head canopy entering aircraft mechanic received grateful shot shot twice space days brought tally august raf ace france known luftwaffe time capture credited aerial victories claimed date entertained days owing significant stature prisoner permitted escort sit cockpit apparently despite losing tin legs aircraft semi way asked wouldn mind took test flight airfield replied feared douglas attempt escape chase shoot declined request summer claimed battles france july accounted nos afternoon evening claimed enemies losses command day august sufficient reach aerial victories august claimed hurricane surpass world war ace tally victims squadrons flew autumn converted type retained flew october repeated successes trio reach victim claimed november proved official victory years forbidden fly combat missions raf fighter probably came squadron high command overview november chosen command germany fighter force general der succeeding killed air crash route attend funeral enthusiastic promotion seeing combat leader wanting tied desk job soon afterward january awarded knight oak leaves swords diamonds des mit und service keen staff position soon appointment planned executed german air superiority plan operation kriegsmarine german navy war marine operation headquarters german battleships heavy cruiser sailed brest france english channel kiel germany operation caught british guard raf attempted intercept forces available german fighter defences able shoot raf aircraft british casualties luftwaffe prevented damage ships air attack strong proponent day fighter force defence germany position improve position need pressing germany declared war united_states december keen build force withstand resurgence preparation known campaign outspoken tolerated earning support powerful personalities luftwaffe like personalities industrial sector adolf hitler able survive position years unofficial combat missions appointment strictly confined operational matters allowed fly tactical combat missions war continued flew missions violation restrictions bombing raids keen types german fighter aircraft flew interception missions actively engage american bombers raids mission shot heavy bomber conflict leadership position general der brought gradual conflict war continued german fighter forces fronts came increasing pressure relationship began turn sour distinct cracks began appear spring suggested fighter forces defending germany limit number flown allow sufficient time grouping conserve air strength strength precious resources fighter pilots luftwaffe hope inflict damage bombers refused demanded raid countered maximum strength regardless size allied fighter escort according head production present meeting grasp late summer fighters operated german air space time aircraft crashed near germany west border presented proof luftwaffe facing enemy soon escort heavy bombers fighter aircraft industrial targets inside germany submitted findings fighter force called report worn gave order allied fighters crossed germany declared possible reason short range fighters ran fuel high altitude shot west distance crashed denied questioned allied pilot choose east instead west men argued increase fighter production reach advantage attackers immediately prepare new threat efforts produce fighter force fit war attrition conflicted bias favour bombers maintain offensive fronts policy persisted autumn october relationship came surface met estate conversation need new improved aircraft arose demands heavily cannon armed fighters mass numbers defeat bomber formations prompted desires hitler wanted cannons weight fired rate shell second explained weapon effectively aircraft cannon prone aircraft difficult manoeuvre asserted use inappropriate weaponry favourite hitler caused heavy losses argued measures irresponsible ignored arguments continued frequent attacks fighter force accusing defended career near end war life stated agree follow plans requested dismissed post sent unit accepted weeks later apologised attributed behaviour stress continued post arguments mainly aircraft armament defence germany allied bombing began rise growing personal rift innovations retrieve situation fighter force looked employ new technology air war flew early prototype jet fighter flight described experience time flying jet propulsion engine vibrations sound engine propeller accompanied sound jet shot air later asked felt like said angels pushing enthusiastic supporter aircraft realising potential fighter bomber hoped compensate numerical superiority allies months january april day fighters lost pilots numerically inferior remain believe great deal achieved small number technically far superior aircraft moment action situation develops changes succeeded temporarily support program favour producing end persistent problems engines later hitler determination use bomber developed fighter late war spring sufficiently ready operational service time faced rivalries luftwaffe command best employ aircraft commander wanted use aircraft weapon future allied landing france saw aircraft ideal fast bomber evade overwhelming numbers allied engine fighters attack landing grounds wished use highly trained bomber pilots felt better serve home defence fighter pilots place blind weather experience training background multi engine aircraft ideal operations view months conventional bomber force suffered significant defeat england dull appetite offensive action reputation argued suggestion instead thought bomber corps disbanded pilots converted fighters adopted idea impress hitler regain influence repeated appeals fighter aircraft refused requests equal numbers fighter bomber variants built close relationship german armaments minister enabled retain small operational number difficult hitler taken personal control turbo jet production checked batch aircraft deployed september hitler rescinded directive fighter bomber ignored order formed test high flying allied reconnaissance aircraft selected highly decorated pilot commander hitler heard experiment ordered stop meeting persisted experiments ordered operations continued achieved isolated successes shot killed july august hitler finally agreed allow service allowed build jet units owing keen interest type followed interest exploits jet fighter unit low rates aircraft achieved considerable success new aircraft performed action visited line airfields close scene fighting november present ace took force overcast engage raid listened radio waves claimed bomber damaged jumped fighters crashed close airfield heard firing event dissuade believing capabilities aircraft fighter meantime pursued innovations existing designs aircraft formed distinctly upgraded firepower called ram machines inflict heavy damage bomber formations supported conversion units role heavily armed armoured meant vulnerable protection escorting tactics quickly widespread luftwaffe success stories said war allied landing normandy increased need lighter fighter variants luftwaffe contained aircraft september flew interception flights experience combat pressures pilots witnessed bombers escorted large numbers occasions tactics worked example july bombers belonging intercepted entire squadron shot lost day majority attack dismissal revolt despite apology previous dispute relationship men improve influence decline late fallen favour hitler increasingly hostile blaming fighter pilots situation situation worsened series raids termed big week won air superiority allies february spring luftwaffe effectively challenge allies france low countries allied invasion german occupied europe took place june according report previous months pilots killed reported enemy outnumbered fighters standard allied fighter pilot training high win breathing space force german industrial targets formulated plan called big blow german called mass interception bomber formations approximately german fighters hoped german fighters shoot bombers acceptable losses fighters pilots night fighter force assist employing aircraft southern northern germany prevent crippled bombers making switzerland sweden autumn carefully resources waited unusually bad weather improve hitler proved hoped improve germany position winning decisive victory western hitler theory believed afraid time luftwaffe stop american air offensive willing german resources sit idle airfields wait improvement flying conditions efforts built useful reserve hitler use support land offensive hitler handed forces appointed commander responsible virtually fighter forces west appointed special fighter staff officer offensive ultimately opponent eventually engineered dismissal big blow operation worked matter academic debate historians remained divided believing lost opportunity think impact estimated operation took place instead fighter force committed disastrous designed support german forces battle influence matters virtually appalled losses personally confronted criticised severely contacted reputation powerful man hitler time prime motive complained luftwaffe leadership spread influence areas military affairs including operations relationship poor took opportunity exploit dissent luftwaffe undermine supporting opportunity seize control luftwaffe power offered support mentioned january finally relieved command january group senior pilots took fighter pilots revolt high standing fighter pilot peers led group decorated luftwaffe combat leaders loyal including confronting list demands survival service initially suspected instigated unrest wanted trial treason begun investigations associated der luftwaffe appointed politically acceptable supporter succeed general der january professional contemporaries mutual dislike removed austrian personal staff september started gather evidence use detailing false accusations gambling alleged private use luftwaffe transport aircraft official reason relieved command ill health safety went retreat informed whereabouts effectively house arrest hitler liked heard events learned ordered nonsense treatment stop immediately hitler informed turn informed events close friends end contacted invited light service fighter arm promised action taken offered command unit jets accepted understanding jurisdiction unit self pretend error free war mistakes general der production aircraft responsibility identified major mistakes war accepted partial responsibility fighter pilots received instrument training late war training course curtailed fuel shortages need produce pilots quickly replace losses sure weather flying incorporated pilot training decisive importance effective air defence force attrition created shortage experienced combat leaders special training available role set course late lasted months quoted saying thought learn skills operations ignored talents expected pilots reach high standards war winner extended defence campaign problems engines failures production priorities hitler known long delay operational testing tactical development training largely fault german pilots increasingly lacking quantity quality recognised correct stepping outside authority noticed highly educated engineers selected bomber arm early war years youth pulled expert kriegsmarine luftwaffe match effort return line service combat initially assigned command time stranded soviet lines took command given task forming february order formation read established immediate effect ground personnel drawn factory protection unit iii commander unit receives disciplinary powers divisional commander laid comes berlin provisional strength sixteen operational pilots signed chief staff luftwaffe allowed hand pick number experienced fighter pilots aces unit including asked leave unit unit officially formed february introduce wing quickly possible showed sympathy efforts far operational jets february general asked assist training schedules jets hand pilots added suggestion experienced fighter pilots flying units join unit believed jets action fleets general chaos impending collapse prevented plans realised march flew operational jets munich begin operations april organised interception raid destroyed april claimed martin bombers shot april surprise visited final time officially assigned confessed use bomber pilots experience jet fighter pilots correct progress unit outspoken parted said going action wish years younger command worry good fight like old days space days friend badly burned crash april april friend posted missing april credited 100th aerial victory luftwaffe pilot achieve century mark april claimed aerial victories escorted mistake stopped sure second victory going crash hit piloted crippled airfield find attack landed fire abandoned jet runway battle operational mission soon afterward sent hospital knee wound sustained mission americans lost damaged return shot pilot surviving 1970s graduate student came memoirs researching records records matching german victory claims found pilot probable claim april day mission details engagement matched met time meeting san_francisco surrender late april war effectively attempted contact united_states_army forces negotiate surrender unit act dangerous forces countryside towns executing considering capitulation americans requested fly unit controlled airfield declined citing poor weather technical problems reality going hand jets americans belief soon war soviet_union wanted join american forces use unit coming war free germany communist occupation replied making whereabouts known americans offering surrender arrived hospital treated ordered unit moved destroy time surrender filed claims allied aircraft shot claims included seven flown england interrogated raf personnel luftwaffe organisation role technical questions returned germany august imprisoned october returned england interrogation eventually released april post war argentina release travelled join earlier acquaintance estate lived children time found work forestry worker came terms career alleged knowledge nazi war crimes began hunt family traded kills local markets supplement meat rations soon rediscovered love flying designer requested home discuss proposal tank asked work british soviets narrowly avoided forcibly kidnapped tank contact denmark informed possibility argentine government employing test pilot tank new generation fighters accepted flew argentina settled buenos_aires enjoyed slow life time aside work commitments taken active buenos_aires night life found south_america world away post war shortages germany soon took professional capacity spoke fluent spanish eased instruction new pilots time flew british commented contemporary fine aircraft claimed fit engines airframe best fighter world continued training consulting later years argentina returned europe test fly new types teamed mentor star africa joined staff april flew international air rally italy weather seven aircraft crashed taking lives came second place return germany time argentina running services awarded pilot wings badge title later year left south_america time begun writing autobiography die und die published best seller languages sold million copies received raf frank honest statement returned germany approached commissioner chancellor purpose joining new west_germany join nato military power joined went proposal france objected west_germany proposal pan european defence pact chose way changed organisation structure german armed forces got life months rolled leader war new commander chief accepted turned potential leader new air force suspected technically illegal departure germany association argentina state poor terms united_states dominant partner nato summer moved rented office beginning aircraft worked hard continued flying taking national air shows appointed honorary chairman der came contact contemporaries britain america joined contracted help develop aviation business business going bought aircraft march 50th birthday aircraft registered named die served technical adviser film character major based upset director decision use real names making film joined friend appeared british television documentary series world war episodes september april took engagements 1960s 1970s remaining german general staff took united kingdom planned german invasion britain german lost guest unveiling entertained poor fly retired pilot continued attend numerous aviation events include periodic guest annual gathering eagles program alabama usa october reunited stolen american soldiers capture located tried buy told worth death end 1980s health began fail personal life refused marry restrictions imposed husband deny wealth freedom enjoyed left germany married february unable children divorced september september married secretary children son nicknamed born november daughter born july raf ace godfather son remained friends death felt loss greatly marriage february married wife remained death 1980s regularly attending friends like died september speaking dinner june attended funeral wife died traffic accident later year tracked mechanic installed armour saved life june entertained home outside invited year death early february taken seriously ill wanted die home released hospital returned house wife son daughter present given rites died morning tuesday february buried february memorial service held march awards medal campaign spain military medal spain june luftwaffe gold pennant gold diamonds august 2nd class september 1st class oak leaves swords diamonds knight cross july major iii 3rd oak leaves september major 1st swords june 2nd diamonds january mentioned seven times august september november april june october february long service award 4th class references | Adolf Galland | Warfare | Military people | Military people (G –M) |
10549_JohannMickl | april april austrian born division commander german_army world war recipients knight oak leaves commissioned shortly outbreak world war served austro hungarian forces eastern italian fronts company commander world war decorated times bravery leadership wounded occasions finishing war immediately war served militia formed resist incorporation home town newly created kingdom serbs served absorbed transferred german_army commanded anti tank battalion invasion poland awarded 2nd 1st class promoted intervention friend adjutant command served france transferred north_africa command rifle regiment awarded knight leadership soldiers captured new_zealand troops days later precipitated successful mass escape prisoner war collection point briefly commanded light division late wounded recovered sent eastern commanded 12th 12th division east taking 25th regiment brigade headquarters transferred promoted received oak leaves outstanding commitment leadership soviet winter commanded later appointed train command croatian infantry division led fighting yugoslav partisans dying wounds inflicted month war austrian barracks named early life career born austro hungarian empire father german farmer mother maria née partially heritage twin brother killed action near present day ukraine child spoke german hungarian remained fluent life entering cadet school vienna accepted described slim muscular metres tall graduated august posted recently 4th formed world war purely regiment wore mountain cap german badge 22nd regiment eastern marched area position river baptism fire attack russians august received inadequate artillery support suffered heavy casualties wounded shot chest spent time military hospital employed regimental replacement battalion instructor april known activities period involved heavy fighting winter temperatures dropped june received orders transferred southern italy entered war central powers previous month order following morning russians launched offensive region austrians suffered immediately committed battle army commander general der lieutenant general later stated courage stopped russians led fighting especially company formed regimental rear guard withdrawal river june point parts damaged train build defensive position wounded times fighting remained soldiers actions demonstrated personal bravery awarded military merit cross 3rd class german und italian late september transferred valley southern promoted lieutenant placed command 2nd company fairly quiet winter followed austrians undertook reconnaissance italian positions took prisoners captured weapons august italian troops captured advanced position kilometre southwest metres peak rocky called position italians overlooked positions rear areas movement impossible group commander colonel tasked company capture allowed determine best way complete mission january february cadet sergeant italian position night dominated ground protected barbed wire february located narrow channel considered approach exposing assault force italian fire plan involved silent attack company channel artillery preparation warn italians impending assault days delay caused heavy attack commenced february approach march foot men disappeared neck snow snow filled depressions depth snow meant march channel took hours instead thirty minutes estimated reached channel climb high smooth ice wall enter highly experienced unable scale company assembled channel dawn beginning break threatening expose assembled force flanking italian positions came forward carrying trunk grows tree line alps trunk reach channel troops able enter help troops glow candles italian position assault took italians completely surprise officers soldiers surrendered loss dead including officer wounded italian response concentrate available artillery fire position exposed direct italian fire austrians exposed position deep snow extremely cold winds altitude metres day company lost dead seriously wounded night february italians commenced days unsuccessful carried consecutive waves weeks starting february member italian 11th line near described experiences diary march prior withdrawal company wounded face italian hand grenade company relieved april men leadership assault awarded order iron crown 3rd class italians companies lost men assault force consisting battalions lost officers men april regiment deployed austrian spring offensive awarded bronze military merit medal ribbon german der mit leading successful attack italian position end june regiment transported rail reinforce austro hungarian forces hard pressed july regiment fire brigade helped prevent penetration russian offensive pass task completed regiment promptly transferred fight italians southern regiment arrived august remained late autumn fighting 8th 9th 10th 11th battles october wounded hospitalised recovered assigned regimental replacement battalion spring months summer employed instructor preparing young officers service january awarded silver military merit medal ribbon august appointed command machine gun company served subsequent advance river november regiment establish instrumental rallying troops regiment came heavy fire landed italian river leadership crucial stage river crossing awarded bar silver military merit medal began preparatory course future attendance german vienna war ended posted wars war nationalism largely absent officers changed war end war propaganda combined wider aspirations encourage nationalist sentiment cases resulted mutiny units months war states succeed austria-hungary approved allies october dual monarchy austria-hungary dissolved days later new nation states emerged territory belonging realm nationalist movements called greater autonomy independence divided new states german austria exact line new border unclear november returned hometown important railway junction point economic importance sides occupied city december served adjutant 1st battalion militia arms provided provincial government unsuccessful attempt recapture forces ensure remained german austria provincial government supported actions subsequently issued warrant ordering arrest treason despite failure actions important demonstrating negotiating final border towns northern bank river german treaty saint signed later retained austrian republic accepted new german joining 11th rapidly promoted captain october posted 5th battalion deployed assist transfer region hungary austria changed according biographers time austrian police wanted speak alleged arms trafficking offences decision change related police inquiries married child born year promoted rank major having worked frontier italy trained border guards proving accomplished passed examinations general staff july appointed honorary citizen german town years 5th attended ski courses mountain leadership courses developed interest automotive technology briefly served military headquarters february following year placed general staff officer list posted headquarters promotion lieutenant colonel followed year son entered military cadet school march following absorbed rank german_army troop officer general staff officer mid august attended training armoured troops school south berlin given command 42nd anti tank battalion 2nd light division soon moved join leaving year old cadet school graduation world war poland france commanded brigadier september invasion poland division involved difficult fighting central poland following month awarded 2nd class winter 2nd reclassified converted 7th division preparation invasion france low countries february arrived command division remained charge invasion got battalion fought suffered casualties battle trying stop heavily armoured tanks anti tank guns soldiers derided guns tank door failure penetrate tanks battalion tried protect exposed flank division overrun situation saved anti aircraft guns field artillery able knock british tanks direct fire received reports personal courage battle recognised aspects subordinate leadership style mirrored june promoted june awarded 1st class french surrender attached division 25th regiment gain knowledge armoured tactics december appointed command 7th rifle regiment division remain division long transferred command replaced difficulty working remained command 7th rifle regiment occupation duties southwestern france germany division preparation invasion soviet_union intervention adjutant major posted new role germany raising headquarters service north_africa despite difference age rank wives firm friends formation battalions drawn north_africa august raised newly promoted general der placed command handed soon followed battalions regiment north_africa arriving early september found equipped having furnished vehicles anti tank guns battalion considered sufficient attack defensive positions completely inadequate mobile operations september regiment joined siege taking positions end october composite special purpose division prepared attack fortress strong british reconnaissance force reported far south moving west egyptian border placed command sent meet british force consisted regiment arrived theatre heavy weapons insufficient ammunition vehicles following day deployed high ground airfield afternoon british armoured cars tanks appeared force hard pressed hold positions barring british approach south south east little tank support available face superior force fought hard known commander forward rallying troops thick counter attacks launched regain ground troops captured elements november captured troops mainly days guard temporary collection point observed elements 15th division travelling returning sortie rear british assault prisoners war surrounded largely symbolic barbed wire fence addition small guard force makeshift camp surrounded scattered british headquarters units approached officer charge watching progress german tanks knocked ground seeing german soldiers subdued guards took foot nearby german column taking keys vehicle drove distant german tanks warn approaching men staff soon actions british soon lifted siege regiment acted rearguard withdrawal axis forces december previously strong regiment muster seven officers men withdrawal ally friend killed vehicle accident commander newly renamed killed allied air raid december appointed temporarily command division december wounded head hand remained post recommended knight leadership duly awarded december harsh conditions desert warfare begun affect health end december sent home leave eastern 12th march appointed command 12th eastern division main reserve formation joined brigade headquarters located coast near west 12th consisted 5th 25th subordinate formation general der 18th army fought penetrated deep area operations attempt relieve arrived command elements command fighting total 18th army engaged destroying cut soviet units able start gather brigade end june collecting organising brigade received news son seriously wounded leg axis capture pioneers decorated 1st class july 12th division finally concentrating near kilometres south east brigade reclassified brigade found change mildly amusing noting transport consisted mainly peasant train carriages attacked task regiments battalions conducting series tank infantry operation exercises august september visited hospital naples leave returned find brigade fire brigades frustrated complained staff appear purpose usually bypassed division commander staff october able collect scattered troops arrange transported south area west near boundary time apparent brigade headquarters employed originally intended brigade staff divisions 25th regiment command remained 12th division taking 25th regiment commander fallen ill new area concentrated training getting know men conducting anti partisan operation named november lacking experience counter regiment achieved little concentrated troops efforts securing winter quarters building shelters regiment vehicles kilometres east soviet forces threatening break november 12th received orders march march east undertaken freezing conditions heavy snow difficult men lit small rear trucks warm clear snow roads initially ordered south east soon changed east reached marched ordered turn north help stop soviet breakthrough south head division 25th regiment attacked route march elements holding village fighting continued extreme cold december forward directing battle ended destruction soviet tank rifle brigades area days rest december regiment marched north east stop soviet forces moving river valley difficult terrain weather conditions regiment exhausted constant fighting changed hands december fighting escalated forces sector reinforced forced temporarily withdraw surrounding forest fierce fighting continued 12th division detached short notice january divisional staff reported brave leadership fighting january division time headed north west january received orders report berlin february reluctant lose outstanding regimental commander formal assessment november assessed having command division supplemented january bravery command 25th regiment january arrived leave visit wife spent months officers reserve pool german march promoted days later recipient knight recognition outstanding commitment commander 25th regiment winter modest habits rarely worn knight cross usually wearing ribbon neck merely added device ribbon time opportunity meet mentor attended course divisional commanders referred fool course early summoned berlin advised entrusted command 11th division absence suffering heart problems despite good news appointed divisional command expressed disappointment allocated division need organisation fully equipped strength modern division 11th division took command finished rebuilding suffering losses attempted relief december battle february march formed general der operation control component prior launching targeting soviet corps southwest line main assault southern aimed cutting forces attack north areas west link attack south region afternoon july successfully conducted preliminary operation breach minefields secure heights overlooking nearly kilometres deep soviet defensive positions near essentially series defensive positions minefields reinforced anti tank weapons division achieved objectives preliminary operation commenced main assault july advanced right flank left powerful progress hampered minimal air support difficult terrain constant soviet fighting alongside led captured heavily fortified village evening july breached belt formidable soviet defences division reached river north northeast kilometres short objective set july bridge night july continued advance july alongside days divisions overcame resistance series soviet desperate july reached position east road heights kilometres south having defeated advanced elements soviet 10th point previously rough terrain opened aid men division vast plain planned meet northern stalled north heavy fighting gained northern penetration soviet achieved operation twice days attempted punch soviet defences north east corps fought tanks ordered attack upper reaches kilometres east followed captured divisions link defeat soviet forces concentrated july orders cancelled week division fought defensive battles conflict arose subordinate commanders key staff support style leadership modelled mentor nearly week division bore soviet attacks july wrote letter stated wished battalion regimental commander deal large day told day expect return command instead spent weeks commanding heavy fighting soviet attacks finally august received message advising relieved arrived day days later returned disappointed felt good impression fighting retained commander division reason relief unclear performance commanding division markedly worse comparable divisional commanders preceding battles possible army headquarters decided better suited fighting insurgents native balkans especially given local languages yugoslavia new division weeks leave sent austria train command croatian infantry division appointed command august according biographers aware appointed temporarily command earlier year got disappointment given permanent command division commencing august assembled trained austria croatian division raised service following sister divisions infantry regiment divisional artillery regiment formed infantry regiment signals battalion pioneer battalion built german officers specialists soldiers regular army croatia croatian troops included young officers division commanded germans battalion company level nearly cases commonly referred division division wore uniform shield upper right sleeve right steel helmet originally intended use eastern long formation germans decided division utilised outside observed given experience balkan languages suitable command division months whip division shape ensure equipped staffed tasks lay ahead soon croatian soldiers familiar tall frame commander austro hungarian decorations familiar wore spoke language training remarked assembled officers gentlemen know discussing win war fought fronts come russia clear victory tolerate discussions career officers joined guaranteed win war fight victory guaranteed duty fight means inevitable doom fight chance victory pointless serves damage possible germany preventing advance communist oriented partisans north struggle comments extremely dangerous know officers officers men court shot similar revealed speaker believe ultimate victory recognised difficulties faced volunteers allegiance divided regime partisans young officer world war commanded croatian soldiers knew brave fighters war served multi ethnic army austrian officers spoke german understand understood contrast new command consisted croatian soldiers hardly understood german patriotism assumed saw german discipline standards second order business main role officers maintain fight despite headquarters fortunate der commander divisional reconnaissance battalion served africa decided needed reliable proven officer divisional chief operations arranged promoted major appointed lead operations staff days later arrived fresh eastern served operations departments corps army level experience working brave difficult commanders introduction abrupt general angry having left chief operations long approach command way place guns maintain division time time speak telephone radio understanding good order contact grand jerusalem lived berlin request division division included company infantry battery artillery staffed muslims soon arrived departed leave christmas new year period leaving arrange rail transport division initial deployment area southwest initial clearing operations division deployed rail january combat partisans western parts puppet state known german croatian deployment view adriatic task known partisans focused securing adriatic coastline croatian including islands inland task included securing crucial supply route areas particular port largely dominated partisans italian capitulation autumn division placed command headquarters established division responsibility security railway line 1st division completed lead elements pressed service clear partisans nearby village arrived train january met station informed ready decide time attack partisan forces besieging garrison near launched response shook hand according spell broken time chief operations good working relationship operation involved drive southwest january initially led engagements croatian soldiers panicked german leaders quickly wounded killed went forward ensured troops pressed home attacks january relieved advance continued south villages area secured bodies killed recovered found stripped equipment found naked success operation gave inexperienced soldiers greater confidence commanders followed operation push coast forcing passes mountain range passes metres sea level snow knee thigh deep delayed mines division captured passes ensuring troops worked carefully order casualties days fighting began urge advance faster resisted knowing division inexperienced followed series engagements road coast close quarter fighting captured destroyed division supply dump northwest secured allocated task securing coastline coast far southward village directed secure divisional supply route started improving bases road including italian forts established passes spread coastline supported elements divisional artillery pioneers began building fortifications feared allied invasion troops linked responsible coast southeast supply situation quickly difficult partisan route allied bombing coastal shipping harbour fighting late february early march supported battalion advanced south stopped deep snow partisans attacked supply lines killing soldiers bodies dead soldiers looted mutilated captured battalion independently pursued partisans returned looted items march occupied adriatic islands encountering partisan resistance month conducted operation river valley assisted enforcing conscription orders population divisional area spring lightly armed mobile hunter teams company battalion strength conduct follow sightings partisans transport moving travel convoy security division able restore land connection garrison reliant supply sea italian surrender drove partisan battalions outskirts difficulties faced division fighting mountains lack mountain artillery accompany battalions field divisional artillery equipped field range kilometres seriously limited artillery cover provided mobile operations march occupied adriatic islands encountering partisan resistance month conducted operation river valley assisted enforcing conscription orders population divisional area spring lightly armed mobile hunter teams company battalion strength conduct follow sightings partisans transport moving travel convoy security division able restore land connection garrison reliant supply sea italian surrender drove partisan battalions outskirts difficulties faced division fighting mountains lack mountain artillery accompany battalions field divisional artillery equipped field range kilometres seriously limited artillery cover provided mobile operations april promoted identified partisan 13th division valley huge hiding captured italian arms ammunition villages fake graves major concern feared allied landing mid april ordered blow clear area parts supported divisional artillery battalion weeks division pushed partisan 13th division north area captured sufficient material equip divisions including tons small arms ammunition tons artillery ammunition attacked area captured village partisans road response planned operation morning star clear partisan forces region elements croatian infantry division regiment battalion 1st regiment units involved according german sources resulted significant partisan losses including killed captured capturing weapons ammunition vehicles animals large amounts equipment efforts operation division received mention armed forces daily radio broadcast division received german reinforcements formed field replacement battalion population areas secured division high proportion serbs situation arisen area austro hungarian empire ottoman_empire division secured area responsibility clear members division war raging serbs roman catholic serbian orthodox churches destroyed elements division observe smoke valleys occupied serbs investigation find burned houses dead wounded civilians attacks summoned croatian civil military leadership divisional area headquarters meantime ordered battalions division away positions eastern croatian officials arrived headquarters protested exposed attack shouted officers soldiers murderers threatened withdraw division coast leaving area croatian swore perpetrators attacks punished ensure occur future kept garrisons populated valleys weeks order protect serbs neighbours division saw action partisans end war fighting alongside grouping units numbered troops death legacy months war division engaged defence northern adriatic coast april city fell partisans following day desperate fighting control pass mountains personally took fighting shot head noon transported hospital tank died following day chief operations officer described giant stature lean muscular despite years demanding commander demanding stated frequently forefront fighting carrying austrian armed forces barracks named continuously years september promotions august major january june march april awards decorations austria-hungary military 3rd class october order iron crown 3rd class march military merit medal bravery bronze august 1st silver january 2nd silver january september stripes march bravery december special cross bravery april medal merit gold october 2nd class october 1st class june bronze september black december infantry july knight oak leaves knight cross december commander march commander | Johann Mickl | Warfare | Military people | Military people (G –M) |
10746_JamesHill(BritishArmyofficer) | british_army officer james hill bars march march british_army officer served commander world war born bath somerset hill educated joining british_army commissioned commanded platoon short period attached command post field marshal lord oversaw evacuation brussels beach evacuation brief period time volunteered parachute training joined 1st commanding officer parent formation 1st deployed north_africa hill commanded battalion airborne operation north_africa dropping near towns tunisia secured sent patrols harass german troops convoy inflicting numerous german casualties defended bridge eventually forced retreat hill wounded attack battalion attempted capture italian tanks revolver crews successfully subdued incident opened fire hit hill chest times awarded service north_africa evacuated england took command newly formed jumped brigade british airborne landings normandy night june nearly killed day aircraft position hill commanded brigade rest time normandy leading counter attack german assault later winning bar advancing withdrawn england september briefly served december battle hill commanded allied airborne assault nearly killed containing personal motorcycle rode alongside brigade advanced rhine river end awarded second bar american silver star war briefly military governor copenhagen awarded king vii liberty cross raised commanded 4th retiring british_army involved number charities businesses died march aged early life hill born march bath somerset son educated head college attended won sword honour captain athletics joined british_army commissioned 2nd lieutenant city london regiment regiment father commanded ran regimental athletic boxing associations service regiment transferred order marry wife years worked family ferry company second world war second world war began september hill recalled regiment given command advance party battalion left france month battalion assigned 12th commanded platoon months battalion stationed promoted rank captain january joining staff began time hill attached command post field marshal lord period involved planning evacuation civilian population brussels carried dispatches ordering withdrawal end campaign took command evacuation beach destroyer leave actions awarded return britain promoted major travelled dublin planned evacuation british citizens city german forces land task completed volunteered fledgling british_army growing airborne forces undertook parachute training 1st formed august appointed second command battalion expanded command july 1st selected participate raid got far loaded transport aircraft poor weather cancelled operation raid planned second time parachute battalion removed deployment dependent good weather day raid mid september coming close reaching strength informed allied invasion north_africa place november informed american airborne unit invasion successfully advocated 1st included argued larger airborne force utilised invasion large distances comparatively light opposition provide number opportunities airborne operations commander chief won argument agreed brigade place command general command allied troops participating invasion brought operational strength partly cross posting personnel newly formed provided sufficient equipment resources brigade departed north_africa beginning november north_africa insufficient number transport aircraft allocated brigade possible transport air rest brigade arrived november stores arriving slightly later evening reconnaissance parties travelled airfield remainder brigade following morning november ambitious airborne operations planned cancelled november directed single parachute battalion dropped day near battalion contact french forces remain neutral support allies secure guard cross roads airfield soul patrol eastwards harass german forces selected task hill objected battalion forced vessel carrying supplies equipment arrange transportation drivers provided arrived subjected luftwaffe air raids targeted airfield hill argued result men exhausted believe battalion equipment hours asked operation postponed short period denied hill faced problems planned operation american pilots transport aircraft transport battalion inexperienced conducted parachute drop time training exercises photos airfield surrounding areas single small scale map available navigation ensure aircraft found drop zone delivered battalion accurately hill sat cockpit leading assisted pilot escorted american lightning fighters engaged drove german fighters approached border encountered thick clouds forced turn landing decided battalion conduct operation day allowed rest night 1st took morning november enjoyed excellent weather allowed transport aircraft drop battalion accurately airfield landed successfully man killed rigging line twisted neck mid drop officer broke leg landing men wounded gun accidentally fired battalion second command major remained airfield small detachment collected airborne equipment supervised burial casualty hill led rest battalion approximately strong trucks town important road railway centre approximately miles airfield battalion arrived approximately welcomed local french garrison strong hill persuaded cooperate order garrison german observers impression possessed larger force actually hill arranged battalion march town times wearing different holding different equipment time short time battalion entered german aircraft arrived bombed town caused little damage casualties day company sent detachment engineers village sir miles away contact local french forces believed pro british harass german forces detachment found village contact french allowed pass town nightfall force reached town decided night dawn german convoy armoured cars passed detachment decided set ambush convoy returned anti tank mines laid road mortar guns set concealed positions convoy returned approximately leading vehicle struck exploded blocking road vehicles disabled mortar fire bombs remaining anti tank mines number germans killed rest taken prisoner slightly wounded detachment returned prisoners slightly damaged armoured cars success ambush hill sent second patrol harass local german forces withdrawn encountered larger german force inflicted british casualties bombed inflicting civilian casualties destroying number houses november hill visited commanding officer french forces guarding vital bridge warned attempt german forces cross bridge opposed battalion hill attached company french forces ensure bridge captured german forces soon arrived bridge commanding officer demanded allowed control bridge cross attack british positions french rejected german demands conjunction company repelled subsequent german attacks lasted hours battalion reinforced field artillery battalion elements despite fierce resistance german forces proved strong november allied forces yielded bridge surrounding area germans days later hill received information strong italian force included number tanks stationed hill decided attack force attempt disable tanks following night moved battalion small guard detachment remained sir linked force french infantry hill decided battalion section inch mortars cover companies advanced attacked italian force small force road rear hill ensure italian tanks retreat battalion arrived hill incident began prepare attack prior beginning attack loud explosions rear hill anti tank grenades carried accidentally detonated killing battalion lost element surprise hill immediately ordered companies advance hill force reached engaged mixed force german italian soldiers assisted light tanks hill drew revolver adjutant small group advanced tanks firing shots observation ports attempt persuade crews surrender tactic worked tanks reaching tank hill men fired tank crew hill shot times chest adjutant wounded tank crew swiftly dispatched small arms fire hill survived prompt medical treatment replaced commander battalion major pearson supervised routing rest german italian soldiers normandy injuries treated hill evacuated hospital north_africa recover forbidden exercised climbing window hospital ward night actions north_africa awarded paid tribute brilliant handling force complete disregard personal danger february recovered injuries flown england met commander newly raised authorised raising brigade november comprising 7th 8th 9th converted infantry battalions need commanding officer offered job hill accepted action send entire unit forced march end announced battalion work half day week sunday trained fit initially attached april given command departed end april mediterranean theatre invasion sicily detached division march remained england april transferred newly formed hill brigade new commander august 1st attached meant assigned newly formed attached instead replaced 7th transferred new parachute brigade command fully late december orders prepare airborne operations conducted division airborne operation time saw combat conducting british airborne landings normandy night june day tasked guarding left flank british amphibious landings securing area east city capturing number bridges spanned rivers canals preventing axis forces advancing british beaches given tasks accomplish commanded lieutenant colonel assault destroy capturing high ground setting 1st destroy bridges 8th task destroying bridges operation began brigade suffered combination poor navigation pilots transport aircraft heavy cloud cover incorrectly marked drop zones led units scattered wide area hill dropped sticks 1st canadian 9th near landed submerged river rank approximately half mile forced wade feet water number flooded irrigation ditches reaching dry land flooded areas claimed lives number brigade collecting number men headed town hoped find 9th fared assaulting route party low flying german aircraft forcing dive cover aircraft departed hill stood finding wounded officer killed men killed wounded attack leaving commander headquarters defence platoon aid administered wounded hill continued finally managed reach headquarters set informed gale brigade successfully completed objectives hill wound tended travelled headquarters found lieutenant colonel pearson temporary command informed brigade staff killed drop night june entire division fully deployed eastern flank invasion beaches holding mile 1st les 8th southern rest time normandy division acted infantry role june august consolidated expanded responsible section saint come nearby manor brigade primary defensive position brigade positioned 1st june onwards german pressure rapidly increased brigade positions number attacks repelled june june decision taken expand east tasked achieving deemed strong placed command battalion launched attack town june met extremely heavy resistance repulsed suffering number casualties day entire subjected fierce artillery bombardment assaults german tanks infantry germans particularly focusing positions held 9th remnants 5th black watch defended saint come gradually forced retreat lieutenant colonel informed brigade headquarters metres away battalion unable hold ground longer hearing message gathered 1st led counter attack forced german troops withdraw german attempts breach 9th parachute battalions positions end june hill stated period june toughest days fighting saw years war period hill awarded bar distinguished service order supervising assault 12th town town dominated long ridge near allied launched repeated attacks mid august division remained static positions holding left flank allied conducting vigorous patrolling finally august division ordered prepare offensive night august began advance stiff german opposition ultimate objective mouth 6th advance hill led division advance held nightfall village securing bridges allowing 5th pass positions continue division advance brigade remained canal days august advanced stalled german infantry armour near 8th secured village fighting continued fierce august entire division advanced days patrolling division time normandy came end days advanced miles captured square miles km2 occupied territory taken prisoner german soldiers casualties period killed wounded missing finally withdrawn days august embarked england beginning september december germans launched huge offensive forest german objective split british american forces apart capture port antwerp important logistical base allies initial assaults extremely successful creating miles wide miles deep december german units advancing american resistance fierce german advances areas particularly town christmas day offensive halted contained allied counter offensive began majority troops committed belonged american armies british participated leading divisions division england beginning september christmas leave days counter offensive began quickly transported arriving night december december 6th airborne division commanded positioned towns december advanced german occupying area german offensive begun hill hospital undergoing plastic surgery meant unable join 3rd days recovered batman flown able rejoin brigade 5th launched attacks german positions village resulted heavy british casualties brigades conducted large number offensive patrols action german units occupying positions opposite withdrew fighting end january division transferred netherlands set new positions river conducted patrolling elements held positions operations came end late february withdrawn england prepare major airborne operation march rhine march began airborne operation aid establishment east bank involved 17th varsity airborne component lieutenant general lieutenant general crossed rhine area south canal divisions dropped near town tasked number objectives seize forest overlooked rhine including road linking towns bridges smaller seized facilitate advance town captured specifically tasked securing northern portion airborne including section high ground east bergen bridges hill drop north eastern corner forest clear western portion forest seize hill known secure road junction near bergen eventually link 5th dropped minutes later planned landed accurately drop zone hill landed near forest occupied german soldiers switched people killing number trees brigade headquarters positioned supposed immediately cleared arrived occupied german troops hill immediately ordered company commander 8th clear officer killed process hill moved headquarters nearly killed approaching barely managed pull time landing trees investigation hill discovered contained batman personal took time lower safely brigade suffered number casualties engaged german forces hours drop zone completely clear enemy forces battalions brigade formed key town captured conjunction 1st unit having lost commanding officer german small arms fire moments landed despite taking casualties brigade cleared area german forces hill report brigade secured objectives varsity success ordered major general commander advance eastwards supported airborne troops unconventional transport advance including captured german staff cars horses hill motorcycle batman travelled alongside advanced point batman stopped motorcycle relieved captured german colonel driving hill disapproved battlefield looting batman eventually relented stating pair midnight march division came control commanded lieutenant general general allied advance germany baltic_sea division leading unit german resistance continued heavy division managed advance rapid pace despite brigade point advancing miles hours eighteen spent combat early april 6th airborne reached brigade approaching near town accompanied armoured support brigade found moving parallel german tanks hill sitting rear british tanks sides opened fire little damage german tanks managing brigade brigade continued fast pace advance hill continuing ride motorcycle april reached river having advanced miles fourteen days division captured prisoners period crossing division came command general informing vital division reach port approaching ensure denmark occupied soviet_union 5th ordered lead division advance hill determined reach extremely rapid advance succeeded troops 1st enter beating advancing russian tank column miles days later germany surrendered war europe came end hill awarded second bar command advance rhine american silver star post war career hill served military governor copenhagen awarded king vii liberty cross assumed command 1st oversaw retired british_army july continued serve officer raising 4th serving commanding officer standing commander brigade hill served board number companies including wharf companies canada hill avid particular claim fame second person discover egg nest helped set fund acting trustee organisation thirty years chairman years hill married second time wedding june attended 60th anniversary normandy landings bronze statue unveiled crossroads charles prince wales colonel chief parachute regiment died march days birthday survived second wife daughter marriage | James Hill (British Army officer) | Warfare | Military people | Military people (G –M) |
11548_EliabHarvey | admiral sir harvey december february eccentric hot tempered officer royal_navy napoleonic wars distinguished gambling military record harvey significant naval figure years martial reputation largely based experiences battle took ship thick action harvey force surrender french ships line later created family motto names opponents engagement civilian life harvey pursued political interests spent spells member parliament later essex period harvey man life navy frequently punctuated disputes fellow officers politicians dispute consequence eventually cost harvey career bitter exchange lord forcing harvey early retirement reinstated year later harvey employed official capacity promotions bestowed matter harvey notable time extravagant lifestyle deaths father elder brother young man provided harvey considerable fortune gambling london harvey exploits gaming tables legendary story claiming bet single game chance lost win following throw despite lifestyle harvey married numerous children survived daughters sons early life born essex william father member parliament essex died harvey years old harvey raised family estate rolls park passed elder brother william death father harvey attended years moving age thirteen harvey entered books naval schooner actually serve aboard ship standard legal fiction time harvey entered ship books actual presence ruse provide sufficient gain rapid promotion enter navy summer holidays school harvey served sea joining entering navy fully harvey aboard sloop spent years west_indies briefly returning britain outbreak american revolutionary war harvey returned eastern north_america late aboard transferring flagship harvey joined temporary assignment wrecked long_island aboard frigate harvey rejoined eagle wreck returned britain promoted lieutenant february following promotion harvey took leave absence navy years stood parliament seat essex won represented years harvey briefly commanded took leave months later harvey returned navy peace agreed promoted commander march briefly taking sloop hms rapidly making jump year later january civilian life peace harvey took leave navy seeing parliamentary term continuing notorious lifestyle gambling young death harvey elder brother april provided harvey substantial fortune immediately began epic nights london fashionable drinking gambling establishments harvey gained reputation crowd playing exceptionally high stakes repeated story concerns loss 21st birthday single game hazard recognising sum bankrupt opponent refused insisting roll determine fate remaining harvey won kept fortune reportedly failed pay despite lifestyle harvey married daughter 1st heir substantial wealth couple children survived infancy daughters father harvey eldest son killed action serving british_army wellington harvey remained semi retirement dividing time london rolls park return service harvey recalled navy spanish armament commanded frigate months navy returned peacetime complement years later harvey recalled navy outbreak french revolutionary wars harvey remain service years briefly taking leave peace harvey captain frigate west_indies participated successful campaigns french colonies admiral harvey returned britain served squadron sir raided french coast great success august harvey took command ship line initially channel_fleet later west indies sir harvey returned britain ill health given command essex sea year harvey returned sea command retained peace peace politics essex returning navy captain second rate harvey remained parliament serving resumption war france attached channel_fleet blockaded ports eastern france harvey sent join nelson blockade joined october harvey second ship nelson division faster ship nelson flagship result began pull ahead victory division closed franco spanish fleet harvey consequently nelson hailed thank captain harvey proper station astern victory combat followed harvey heavily engaged enemy passing astern broadside fired reduced french ship wreck forced surrender soon victory ships drifted following french british fire giving cover boarding party led lieutenant forced surrender crew later years harvey use incident personal motto fleet returned port controversy erupted concerning harvey role battle bravery skill questioned prominence dispatch sent home dispatch harvey singled captains bravery writing words sufficiently express admiration result special mention harvey promoted rear admiral november given honour nelson admiral funeral despite short acquaintance harvey new motto penchant alienated fellow officers retirement returning naval service months action harvey given gun flagship remained serving lord channel_fleet harvey outraged given command british ships action battle roads harvey expressed disgust command given junior lord uncertain terms dismissed admiral council result operation initially successful refused support result opportunity lost ensuing dispute lasted years involved court martial eventually acquitted ended dismissal service years later harvey embroiled political arguments surrounding action resigned commission attack went ahead protest returning navy year later march harvey called active service blocking efforts obtain employment despite failure return sea harvey brought promotions vice admiral finally admiral knight commander order reformed harvey retirement included period politics returning seat essex harvey died family estate rolls park buried harvey family essex contains remains family members including ancestor brother coffin viewed request wall church honour originally placed shortly death restored destroyed partial collapse church large wall memorial visible church commemorates youngest son william died aged crest bears harvey motto ship crest designed ancestry | Eliab Harvey | Warfare | Military people | Military people (G –M) |
12077_ReginaldMiles | brigadier december october professional soldier served new zealand military forces second world wars miles new_zealand graduated served artillery officer world war awarded actions spring offensive remained military war holding artillery commands years second world war broke miles general 2nd commander artillery saw action later north_africa captured fighting near late held prisoner war camp italy escaped april officers including fellow new october miles way spain overcome depression committed suicide early life born near december william farmers educated commissioned school cadets limited number officer cadets new_zealand enrolled australia college intake following establishment world war highly rated student miles final year world war broke immediately volunteered posted took ill left new_zealand middle_east discharged recovery enlisted time posted battery artillery embarked egypt december draft reinforcements held rank captain badly wounded july recovered returned shortly evacuation gallipoli december briefly adjutant later transferred 15th battery served western unit participated result gallantry action awarded december promoted major appointed commander battery july miles awarded having originally recommended victoria_cross actions german spring offensive battery come threat advance enemy rounded nearby infantry reinforce position nearly exhausted ammunition manned fire trench undertook reconnaissance ahead position wounded sniper fire citation read conspicuous gallantry devotion duty fought battery enemy yards ammunition exhausted time rallying infantry manning fire trench reconnaissance wood sending valuable information finally wounded rifle fire close range wounds miles returned active service july brigade major mentioned despatches november interwar period return new_zealand miles served commander defences posted england attend staff college undertook specialist artillery courses returned new_zealand serving wellington posted command artillery units awarded king george silver jubilee medal promoted colonel appointed commander northern military district following year sent england attend attached months returning new_zealand september appointed general second world war january miles promoted brigadier newly raised commander command consisted field regiments brigade division anti tank regiment march dispatched egypt elements division arrived sent england spend rest year commanded portion division diverted transit initial attempt join main division middle_east october ship travelling bombed forced return england greece miles served greece campaign played key role organisation withdrawal division retreated ahead advancing germans artillery allowed new_zealand infantry defend attacks daylight withdraw night artillery particularly vital covering high ground flanks manned holding position miles mentioned despatches work period awarded briefly took command new_zealand forces crete bulk division evacuated greece days went egypt missed subsequent artillery units left crete albeit equipment prior fighting north_africa miles joined 2nd north_africa reforming losses incurred greece crete participated campaign aimed lifting besieged port 2nd involved heavy fighting miles deployed artillery support 6th having established corridor commander division major general concerned unable hold open november entrusted miles getting permission lieutenant general corps commander withdraw alongside tentative permission granted held day 6th brigade overrun elements 15th division miles advised unaware fate poor communications instructions return 2nd headquarters early december later day 6th field regiment overrun german forces advancing miles concerned artillery given uncertainty surrounding status 6th brigade present inspection battle zone moved rifle hand encouraging men directing fire guns open sights eventually wounded taken prisoner action costly day war divisional artillery casualties including prisoners war miles prisoner war brigadier commander new_zealand captured time miles arrived italian prisoner war camp camp medieval castle near florence found captured high ranking personnel lieutenant general sir general sir connor air marshal owen miles settled camp routine actively involved escape attempts escaped tunnel helped build way switzerland april received coded letter announcing success fortnight later miles men known escaped italian prisoner war camp way country prior armistice italy switzerland miles split travelled independently wrote book miles suggest follow later having travelled far spanish frontier october exhausted depressed miles shot buried military honours escorted final resting place members party spanish officers shortly death appointment commander order british empire confirmed miles posthumously awarded bar efforts escaping italy citation bar published new zealand gazette september read escape camp italy general camp camp extremely guarded consequence decided possible method escape way tunnel 18th september began officers ranks worked exception officer awaiting entrance tunnel sealed chapel soil placed work consisted foot foot tunnel feet long foot shaft entrance foot shaft exit completed end february hours 29th march company officers escaped tunnel officers subsequently recaptured dressed having walked florence station caught train milan went north station caught train walked kilometres left main road proceeded country reached south frontier lay opposite slope valley frontier consisted heavy cyclone foot high small bells near cut wire ground level making noise came swiss territory hours 30th march gave police released 2nd april legacy miles survived daughters marriage married egypt second wife following death wife years previously second marriage result children son lieutenant fleet air arm served second world war killed travelling aboard ship attacked sunk german battleships norway june medals miles medals held family managed collect lost august donated new_zealand presentation ceremony attended new_zealand chief army | Reginald Miles | Warfare | Military people | Military people (G –M) |
12109_JamesGwyn | november july officer union_army american_civil_war immigrated young age ireland initially working philadelphia later clerk new_york_city onset war enlisted commissioned captain 23rd assumed command course war led regiment recorded battles including engagements wounded battle wilderness returned service command eventually second brigades corps brigadier general president abraham_lincoln major general president service men described handsome accomplished officer bold aggressive leader war returned philadelphia later moving new_york resumed business dealings died july honored military funeral buried philadelphia early life born ireland november children raised protestant household brother later serve major 23rd adjutant general lived rural irish city enrolled like irish 1840s left ireland united_states great famine boarded ship liverpool bound new_york_city november arrived america port new york days 18th birthday immigration papers list arriving united_states immigrants way philadelphia noted emigration officer money recent arrivals america passage central link philadelphia august took residence owned house married pennsylvania native february worked clerk 1850s later formed dried goods business called purchased square feet plot october records april james lady philadelphia visited july wife gave birth child december second daughter january military service 23rd enlisted 23rd april week american_civil_war began served company july transferred resumed duty new company august served 23rd volunteers year time took led 23rd aiding union companies collecting escaped resigned 23rd volunteers july accepted promotion lieutenant colonel new regiment lieutenant colonel joined july commissioned years service gathered recruits philadelphia area august 30th officially mustered service august time known corn regiment funds raising regiment furnished having gathered volunteers week period corn regiment left washington assigned position union_army september regiment embedded brigade division regiment command colonel brigade commander colonel moved rest marching maryland reaching maryland rest involved battle known day american history casualties involved lines instead assisted artillery returned battle days taking regiment took heavy casualties battle suffering deaths wounded captured suffered heavy losses approximately casualties battle union wounded colonel shot shoulder day battle resigned active duty second command took regiment acting commander courage battle praised colonel barnes brigade commander letter written days battle ended september sent letter colonel barnes stating provide philadelphia information paper publish map report incident days later issued report battle noting efforts rally troops fight confederate troops efforts vain colonel barnes ordered regiment fall returned lines december barnes formed brigade division 22nd massachusetts 25th new_york 13th new_york 1st michigan 2nd maine regiments recorded incident battle house discovered hidden tobacco soldiers raided sharply criticized men breaking rank enthusiasm following unsuccessful mud march january regiment went winter quarters june resumed activity june began travel northward enemy territory skirmishes frequently occurring travels ultimately led pennsylvania july arrived aid union_army battle acting commander regiment given orders position hold position afternoon regiment ordered assist left flank day july second day battle led little round held position days union forces achieved albeit costly victory following moved state positions august regiment stationed virginia received new recruits september september officially retired promoted colonel commanding officer time stationed commandant military prison new_york colonel autumn winter regiment engaged fighting served command ensuing months notable confrontations battle wilderness day battle shot thigh commission month receive promotion colonel actions wilderness injury unable lead multiple conflicts including battle north anna having returned active duty time led siege richmond campaign lasted june march exact date orders received commission commander brigade unknown subsequent documents reporting headquarters brigade commander august led brigade railroad met brigade ordered new_york_city special order ordered command absence col day combined union troops moved forward railroad joined led brigade remained station days submitting report headquarters division concerning days recorded time regiment suffered heavy losses according grant wearing besieged enemy regiments accorded share work particular morning september later farm capture 16th michigan direct line artillery guns church fired special severity road junction afternoon near leg severely wounded horse fell permanently lead captain wilson second command assumed command pressed offensive eventually led union victory late evening brigadier general brigade service siege noted commanding officer division corps general examples gallantry bravery informed receive rank brigadier general possible rank approved idea issued special order october awarded grade brigadier general volunteers rank september president abraham_lincoln formally nominated president lincoln december appointment confirmed february division received word promotion october passed 17th letter griffin wrote promotion evidence gallantry little command appreciated continued military duties service near city point virginia feeling ill returned philadelphia october diagnosed malaria fever prescribed seven day break rest recover leave approved november permitted recover week resuming duty november return special orders assigned division brigade major general november transferred division command general ordered command brigade november days later notified absent days fulfilling role acting commander december sent report praising prompt efficient service august led brigade problems december informed leave absence days lead return took control soon went leave absence january days day service assignment january february led brigade run february engaged union army brigade engaged rebels eventually overwhelmed forced retreat assistant adjutant ordered reform brigade maryland regiments fighting continued day february union forces near run retreated february highlighted leadership run stating zeal energy days later wrote letter names soldiers thought merit exceptional service run end civil war brigade fell month engaging skirmishes run halifax road richmond campaign major operations resumed march led brigade eventually virginia brigade took april charge led resulted capture strategic positions large number prisoners later appointed major general efforts battle january president nominated appointment grade major general volunteers rank april confirmed appointment february pushed onwards pressing retreating confederate troops major battles civil war april surrendered ending civil war present witness surrender escorted confederate soldier carried flag truce hostilities subsided filed report concerning skirmish white oak road april weeks later april advocated receive promotion account zeal good conduct march april year led brigade washington took place arrived washington early attend roll rest according new_york_times listed brigade commanding pennsylvania col pennsylvania major 4th delaware delaware 8th delaware col june officially mustered service june large banquet prepared honor bank offered initial payments recruits join years street hall members returned philadelphia according obituary offered position lieutenant regular army president instead chose return civilian life post civil war following conclusion civil war resumed life left returned home wife margaret daughters elizabeth years older time saw applied military pension october served positions difficulty high major general payment received reduced level highest non rank colonel position effectively gave october wife gave birth daughter margaret december family later moved philadelphia home new_york_city connected house returned business later new job clerk new_york daughter margaret married moved brooklyn area grove street new_york middle daughter married moved away brooklyn area house death died late evening july visited daughter margaret home new_york news death reported new_york_times washington_post far away salt_lake_city news body taken philadelphia interred following military funeral july buried cemetery plot section lot bought years earlier | James Gwyn | Warfare | Military people | Military people (G –M) |
12120_JamesHargest | brigadier september august officer serving second world wars member new_zealand parliament representing firstly born gore farmer volunteered following outbreak world war august commissioned officer served seriously wounded following recovery wounds returned active duty western commanded infantry battalion later stages war received awards leadership war returned new_zealand resume farming entered member initially independent strongest supporters formed held executive role party hierarchy represented electorate considered party leadership longer available volunteered active service commencement second world war september attempted join second new zealand expeditionary force raised service application initially declined health reasons intervention acting prime minister new_zealand accepted appointed commander 2nd led brigade april initial period performing garrison duty england displayed poor judgement positioning forces vital airfield controlling movements battle commenced loss airfield allowed germans gain island allied forces eventually evacuated crete despite performance battle received bar awarded world war fighting shifting north_africa led brigade november captured german forces held prisoner war camp italy eventually escaped able return england late earned second bar efforts served observer normandy landings june killed artillery months later early life born september gore small town new_zealand parents james wales father later took farming fourth children attended schools gore completing education worked alongside father joined reached rank sergeant world war following outbreak world war august volunteered serve commissioned second lieutenant served severely wounded august offensive months returned active service july assigned 1st commanded company battle september actions restoring order battalion assumed command companies suffered heavy casualties following failed attack september saw rewarded end year promoted major appointed second command battalion involved preliminary planning june carried vital reconnaissance german lines penetrating enemy communication trenches lead battle german spring offensive launched march acting battalion commander september promoted lieutenant colonel given command participated offensive action war involving november battalion attacked germans positioned fortified house forest having captured house temporary headquarters later received direct hit artillery fire fortunate escape leadership battalion months war recognised appointment mention despatches immediate postwar period remained command battalion performed occupation duties cologne departure england february interwar period returned new_zealand wife couple married ceremony taking place england marie serving nurse new_zealand military hospital returned farming buying land near retained interest military resumed career commanded firstly regiment infantry brigade interest local affairs soon developed involved local authorities including election contested electorate standing came close beating sir prime minister majority votes represented margin death sir joseph triggered august election contested ward second son beaten majority votes beaten father son ward retired end term allowed enter general election attempt electorate parliament advocate interests interested defence educational matters held electorate successfully switching electorate election initially independent reform supporter coalition coalition combined formally joined new party possibly reform committed formation early period lengthy discussion leadership previous leaders constituent parties acceptable time mps meet home property developer arriving saturday overnight ferry wellington belonged group official meeting party october wellington joined executive committee following meeting leadership question resulted contest hamilton leader mps sided hamilton issued press statement bordered blackmail wrote stance pleading unity new party fragile event hamilton won election vote national leader period charge hamilton regarded lack leader national performance improved election election winning additional labour government discussions replacing hamilton retained seat national election contenders party leadership lost electorate outbreak second world war immediately volunteered active service leadership eventually went november view temporary situation returned parliament remained member parliament time active service election sole candidate electorate whilst switzerland returned unopposed second world war service war sought serve abroad command infantry brigades second new zealand expeditionary force newly appointed commander major general concerned age command experience potential senior officers subsequent medical assessment deemed fit service home prone bouts shell shock service world war disappointed decision approached acting prime minister new_zealand request brigade command disregarded official advice arranged appointed commander time chief general staff major general wrote decision rank brigadier left new_zealand brigade comprised 21st 22nd 23rd battalions largest formation originally intended join egypt diverted route england following threat german invasion brigade carried training guard duties area dover shipped egypt early greece crete matter weeks brigade 2nd greece manning defences line preparation anticipated invasion country germans following invasion brigade mounted spirited defence positions april withdraw provide cover neighbouring new_zealand brigades conducting retreat brigade eventually evacuated night april crete brigade took subsequent 2nd command brigadier taking command consisted allied troops crete gave brigade task defending airfield easterly approaches commanded lieutenant colonel guarded airfield neighbouring hill point battalions brigade positioned east situated headquarters distance airfield days arriving crete allied positions began subject bombing attacks german planes precursor airborne invasion mounted german 1st bombing triggered occurrence shell shock rendering confused containing began landing west airfield andrew cut companies overrun german forces unable gauge situation communications brigade headquarters andrew stressed seriousness situation requested reinforcements battalions holding incorrectly advised available troops left andrew small platoon size reserve failed counter attack eventually andrew sought permission withdraw point replied aware importance defence crete effort dissuade andrew situation despite arrival reinforcing company infantry sent evening andrew decided position daylight withdrew units join battalions brigade germans took airfield point early morning capture airfield allowed german reinforcements landed directly crete establish strong positions counterattack airfield point organised following day headquarters exhausted quick conference work detailed plans counter attack disgust participants chances success unsuccessfully sought attack called attack fail mistakenly believed going found brigade returned starting positions began affect asked allow 5th withdraw duly began eventual retreat evacuation crete flying egypt seaplane brigade following sea egypt critical conduct fighting crete meeting general commander allied forces middle_east expressed similar views meeting new_zealand prime minister egypt time visit new_zealand forces voiced concern considered lack consultation senior commanders able resolve differences later correspondence expressed satisfaction way dealt subordinates performance crete escaped official scrutiny awarded bar awarded services military campaigns greece crete north_africa loss crete 2nd underwent period refit training assigned engaged took november attempted break brigade cover movements brigades division attempting advance meantime lieutenant general allies approaching position transport defending attack difficult men brigade captured november headquarters situated edge airfield near overrun german tanks resisted moving headquarters nearby incorrectly insisted orders allow latitude capture taken despite irritated refusal salute complimentary fighting performance new prisoner war transported italy initially held villa near transferred fellow brigadier captured december known near florence prison camp officers general brigadier rank prisoners held comfortable conditions soldiers lesser rank late march group officers including miles managed escape tunnel dug disused chapel castle walls miles reach safety neutral switzerland split independently try way england later related miles suggest follow later miles close spanish frontier overcome depression killed october help french resistance travelled france spain reached barcelona flew england december men miles known escaped italian prisoner war camp way country prior armistice italy escape switzerland awarded second bar later appointed commander order british empire wrote account escape published book death legacy early 2nd fighting brigade commanded brigadier sought new role appointed new_zealand observer day landings normandy attached infantry unit landed normandy june wounded later month day new role found allies mainland europe thought turning issue dealing expected arrival newly released new liberated prisoner war camps set help appointed commander group august killed shell fire making farewell visit buried les war cemetery france survived wife children fourth child killed march aged years fighting italy buried war cemetery son killed accident malaya years later active service educational facility named | James Hargest | Warfare | Military people | Military people (G –M) |
12212_WilliamHowe,5thViscountHowe | 5th howe general august july british_army officer rose commander chief british forces american war independence howe brothers distinguished military careers having joined army howe saw extensive service war austrian succession seven years war known role capture quebec led british force capture cliffs allowing land army engage french howe participated campaigns havana appointed lieutenant governor post hold howe sent north_america march arriving american war independence broke leading british troops costly victory howe took command british forces america september year howe record north_america marked successful capture new_york_city philadelphia poor british campaign planning contributed failure campaign played major role entry france war howe role developing plans degree responsible british failures year despite personal success philadelphia subjects contemporary historic debate resigned post commander chief north_america returned england times active defence british isles served years parliament successes inherited howe death brother richard married children extinguished death early life career born england son 2nd howe charlotte daughter acknowledged illegitimate half sister king mother regular courts connection crown improved careers sons capable officers father politician served governor barbados died william eldest brother general killed battle brother admiral rose britain leading naval commanders brother thomas commanded ships nottingham observations william entered army buying commission duke cumberland served years flanders war austrian succession war transferred 20th regiment foot friend seven years war seven years service brought america raise reputation joined newly formed regiment foot february promoted lieutenant colonel december year commanded regiment siege leading amphibious landing heavy enemy fire action won attackers flanking position earned howe howe commanded light infantry battalion general siege quebec chosen lead ascent plains led british victory september spending winter defence regiment fought april battle led brigade capture montreal returning england howe led brigade french coast turned opportunity military governor capture continue active service served adjutant general force captured havana playing skirmish howe elected member parliament nottingham succeeding seat vacated brother george death election assisted influence mother campaigned behalf son away war undertaken service parliament seen common way improve prospects advancement military promoted colonel 46th south regiment foot appointed lieutenant governor tensions rose britain colonies howe continued rise ranks came widely regarded best officers army promoted major general introduced new training drills light infantry companies parliament generally sympathetic american colonies publicly opposed collection legislation intended punish thirteen colonies known assured constituents resist active duty americans asserted entire british army conquer america let government ministers know privately prepared serve america second command knew unpopular government circles early king george called serve accepted claiming publicly suffer serve country distress sailed america march accompanied transferred 23rd american war independence fellow clinton howe arrived boston aboard having learned route war broken skirmishes marches lexington concord april provided naval reinforcement battle bunker hill led force troops sent reinforce troops general besieged city battles howe generals clinton discussed plans break siege formulated plan seize high ground boston attack besieging colonial militia forces setting execution june colonists learned plan fortified heights nearby bunker hill peninsula boston night june forcing british leadership strategy bunker hill boston war council held early june generals developed plan calling direct assault colonial fortification gave howe command operation despite sense urgency colonists working fortifications time council attack known begin afternoon howe personally leading right wing attack assaults firmly repulsed colonial defenders howe assault gained objective cost day battle heavy british casualties killed wounded highest engagement war howe described success bought howe exhibited courage battlefield tactics overwhelming confidence criticised subordinate wrote howe absurd destructive confidence played role number casualties incurred howe injured battle pronounced effect spirit according british historian battle exercised permanent potent influence especially howe behaviour howe military skills fail moment especially wanted despite outward appearance confidence popularity troops face people described coarse privately exhibited lack self confidence later campaigns somewhat dependent older brother richard admiral royal_navy station colonies advice approval october sailed england howe took commander chief british_army america british military planners london outbreak hostilities begun planning massive reinforcement troops north_america plans recommendations howe called abandonment boston establishment bases new_york newport rhode_island attempt rebellion new_england orders arrived november execute plans howe opted remain boston winter begin campaign result remainder largely stalemate howe attempted major engagement continental_army come command george_washington spend fair time gambling tables allegedly established relationship wife apparently arrangement rewarded howe position prisoners contemporaries historians criticised howe gambling time supposedly spent going far level accusations behaviour interfered military activities historian ideas alleged relationship mentioned battle american propaganda ballad written january howe role commander chief cemented promotion general north_america siege broken march continental_army colonel brought heavy artillery boston winter overlooking boston harbour howe planned assault position interfered eventually decided withdraw boston march british troops loyalists evacuated city sailed halifax nova scotia new_york campaign howe troops began arrive outside landing west early july howe orders lord secretary state responsible directing war westminster fairly clear avoid conflict arrival reinforcements waited reinforcements arrived mid august naval commander brother richard delay proved somewhat costly americans time improve fortifications northwestern long_island shoreline increased size continental_army additional militia moving army amphibious barges southwestern long_island opposition attacked american positions august known executed manoeuvre large column led howe clinton passed american left flank lightly guarded east ridge hills running east west island series lower entrances guarded east jamaica catching patriots guard routing americans forward positions despite urging clinton howe decided immediate assault fortifications claiming troops day instead began siege operations advancing entrenched americans decision allowed general washington successfully nighttime strategic withdrawal night august aided thick morning fog historian notes howe attacked capture half washington army possibly washington significant effect rebellion officers notably general clinton critical howe decision storm american works howe reward victory long_island howe brother richard instructions assigned roles peace commissioners limited authority treat rebels long_island pursued attempt reconciliation sending captured general philadelphia proposal peace conference meeting resulted conducted admiral howe unsuccessful given limited powers congressional representatives british recognise recently declared colonial independence howe powers conference failed howe continued campaign landed troops manhattan september occupied new_york_city occupied advance northward manhattan checked day spending nearly month consolidating control new_york_city awaiting reinforcements time ordered execution espionage deal effects major fire city attempted landing mainland intending flank washington position narrow causeway beach mainland defended ended withdrawing troops successful landing troops washington managed avoid flanked retreating white plains howe successfully forced washington new_york area october battle white plains turned attention consolidate british hold manhattan november attacked remaining continental_army stronghold taking thousand prisoners washington retreated new_jersey followed howe advance forces point howe prepared troops command general clinton occupy newport major goal plan clinton proposed troops instead landed new_jersey opposite trapping washington capturing seat philadelphia howe rejected proposals clinton general hugh vocal critics leadership newport early december howe came new_jersey arrange disposition troops winter washington retreated way delaware howe returned new_york believing campaign ended season washington attacked quarters december howe sent reform army new_jersey chase washington frustrated washington gaining second victory princeton howe recalled army positions closer new_york winter howe criticised contemporaries historians failing decisively defeat continental_army new_york campaign contemporaries complained landing failed trap washington failed understand goal campaign secure manhattan necessarily defeat washington historian observes howe overly rigid adherence plans meant unable opportunities arose campaign decisive action philadelphia campaign november washington retreating new_jersey howe written plans campaign season proposed send man force hudson_river capture albany new_york conjunction expedition sent south province quebec wrote december elaborate proposals included operations gain control hudson_river included expanded operations base newport expedition philadelphia howe saw attractive washington north city howe wrote persuaded act philadelphia enemy chief strength lies acknowledged plan particularly called men prepared provide setbacks new_jersey howe mid january proposed operations philadelphia included overland expedition sea based attack thinking lead decisive victory continental_army plan developed extent april howe army seen constructing bridges washington lodged winter quarters new_jersey thought eventual use mid howe apparently abandoned idea overland expedition propose invade pennsylvania sea probably abandon campaign season opened general washington moved army winter quarters new_jersey strongly fortified position june howe began series odd moves new_jersey apparently attempt draw washington army position terrain favourable general engagement motives uncertain historian argues howe determined attempt draw washington major engagement northern new_jersey writing washington shift position howe appetite major action went right finally accomplish brother policies denied previous year destruction continental_army howe underlying campaign goal season philadelphia british major wrote report circulated power thought necessary march sic offer washington battle americans like concluded purpose british stop short gone miles course day discovered come intention drawing plain washington intelligence howe moved taking heavy river crossing equipment apparently washington failed bait howe withdrew army harassment colonel elite light unit superior weapons harry forces moved washington moved exposed position assuming howe going embark army ships howe launched lightning strike designed cut washington retreat attempt gave washington time retreat secure position howe fact embark army sailed south brother fleet howe maintained effective secrecy surrounding fleet destination washington know going british rank file howe campaign philadelphia began amphibious landing head maryland southwest city late august howe preferred landing philadelphia reports prepared defences fleet spent entire extra month sea reach head howe army left head early september pushed advance guard american light infantry bridge september howe army met washington near creek battle howe established headquarters homestead stayed morning september reprise earlier battles howe flanked continental_army position forced washington retreat inflicting heavy casualties weeks manoeuvre engagements including battle clouds engagement valley forge nearly lost howe entered city september reception british received expected led believe friends thicker woods greet arrival instead greeted women children deserted houses despite howe best attempts army authorised execution orders activity army significant negative effect popular support week howe entered philadelphia october washington dawn attack british garrison nearly won battle repulsed late arriving reinforcements sent city forced howe withdraw troops little closer city needed help clear american defences preventing navy army late november task accomplished included poorly executed attack division impact campaign howe campaign general led expedition south montreal capture albany advance stopped september october surrendered army october surrender coupled howe near defeat dramatically altered strategic balance conflict support suffering howe successful occupation philadelphia strengthened victory encouraged france enter war britain loss weakened british government lord north advance assumption met albany howe troops sent howe apparently aware howe plans evolved knew howe plans communicated unclear sources claim state notified changes campaign underway howe expectations degree howe supposed support invasion quebec unclear historians argue howe failed follow instructions essentially abandoned army suggest failed tried shift blame howe clinton howe decision focus activity expedition philadelphia motivated competition general given command northern force despite lobbying howe command given clinton notes british leaders saying likely howe jealous eager assist junior ladder military renown lines historian concludes howe view northern campaign consequently howe wanted little regard army required virtually howe wrote july intended stay close washington intention pennsylvania expect meet washington goes northward contrary expectations bay assured shall soon relieve suggested howe follow washington went north assist defence hudson howe sailed new_york july august shortly arrival head wrote unable assist citing lack loyalist support philadelphia area small force sent north new_york general clinton early october unable assist resignation october howe sent letter resignation london complaining supported year campaigns finally notified april resignation accepted grand party known thrown departing general organized aides party featured grand parade fireworks dancing dawn washington aware british planning evacuate philadelphia sent small force night party determine british movements movement noticed alert british troops howe ordered column battle escaped trap minimal casualties day howe sailed england general clinton took commander chief british armies america preparations overland march new_york howe arrived england july brother faced actions north_america likely resignation william brother richard desire hurry home conduct campaign howe brother demanded parliamentary inquiry actions inquiry followed unable confirm charges inconclusive nature inquiry attacks continued howe pamphlets press published response accusations issued reply harshly criticized general conduct accused deliberately war effort benefit anti war whig faction parliament later life howe lost bid elected house_of_commons named lieutenant general ordnance appointed transferred 23rd 19th resumed limited active duty crisis spain territorial claims northwestern north_america threatened war crisis resolved howe action french revolutionary wars involved britain promoted general commanded appointed governor brother richard died surviving male issue howe inherited irish titles 5th howe baron resigned lieutenant general ordnance citing poor health appointed governor plymouth died long illness married marriage childless titles died wife survived years buried popular culture howe appears antagonist supernatural series depicted flashbacks described present notorious brilliant tactics ruthless cruelty historical role british military leader war independence howe acquainted crane defected america major flashback appearance sees offer crane chance return britain identifies washington spies british forces crane feeling guilty briefly tempted offer howe plays key role crossover episodes crime drama bones body discovered small american church present characters noting recorded buried skull identified murder weapon bones episode resurrection remains resurrected zombie like warrior following hollow episode dead men tell tales requiring crane destroy greek fire | William Howe, 5th Viscount Howe | Warfare | Military people | Military people (G –M) |
12344_DavidGreenglass | march july atomic spy soviet_union worked manhattan_project briefly stationed facility tennessee worked laboratory new_mexico august february provided testimony helped convict sister brother law executed activity served half years prison early life career born manhattan new_york_city parents jewish immigrants russia austria respectively attended graduated attended graduate married years old joined shortly entered april son daughter worked fort california mississippi ordnance plant jackson mississippi july assigned secret manhattan_project wartime project develop atomic weapons stationed facility tennessee weeks august sent laboratory new_mexico order pass security clearance disguised omitted details communist associations friends write glowing references married sister agent soviet_union ussr working september suggested consider recruiting brother law wife september reported moscow young intelligent capable politically developed people strongly believing cause communism wishing best help country possible undoubtedly devoted soviet_union david wrote wife certainly glad community project espionage friends russians mind recommended sister law superiors use apartment safe house photography realized david working manhattan_project recruited soviet espionage behest november began pass nuclear secrets ussr directly soviet official new_york_city according project time 1970s wife given code names david calibre wasp turned requests work nuclear tests bikini wanted discharged army february returned manhattan brother ran small machine shop known february pregnant second child came close gas apartment caught fire extinguished blaze suffered severe burns taken skin suffered second degree burns right hand aware intelligence agencies discovered theoretical physicist ussr war confession found american contacts man named brooklyn new_york gold passed information soviet agent performing role pass information controllers ussr gold fbi trail led allegedly gold captured allegedly gave finance escape mexico instead went money seek legal advice trial aftermath arrested fbi espionage june quickly implicated explicitly denied sister involvement testified grand jury testimony august february weeks trial changed testimony claim notes testified sister husband court immunity agreement exchange testimony government allowed stay children named indicted told court kind hero worship want hero fail subsequent testimony related detail secrets passed soviet_union falsely attributed passing cross section drawing bomb soviets acknowledged passing sketches gold described work poured component explosive lenses bombs trinity nuclear test bombing nagasaki matter difficulty prosecution wanted testify open court secrets given definition longer secret decided concept trial limited discussion weapons world war fearing seen prototypes future weapons result surprise defense motion testimony alleged secret atomic bomb federal judge spectators news reporters leave room began secrets minutes later judge invited news reporters asking use discretion reporting testimony defense attorney attempted convince jury clients concerned issues national security failed testimony later seen crude words scientists examined worthless remained sealed testified stolen given russians proximity claimed supplied proximity testimony trial claimed wanted revenge machine shop business failure attempted discredit character testimony sentencing hearing attorney repeatedly told court client deserved pat testimony argued light sentence years encourage follow example sentenced years prison released half years reunited wife march months executions wrote letter attorney deliver president asking sentences prison terms opportunity confess wrote die shall live rest life dark shadow conscience described testimony act wrong country family explained viewed consequences choice hurting dear took deliberately believe outcome god mercy change awful sentence month admitted stolen bomb laboratory years tossed denied having stolen later years release family lived new_york_city assumed years lived street queens new_york sworn testimony interview new_york_times reporter stated lied oath extent sister involvement plot order protect wife trial testified notes russians saying frankly think wife don remember explained wife important sister mother father mother children roberts asked differently replied role husband espionage ring remains matter dispute group academic historians sought release grand jury proceedings indicted objected government release testimony district judge declined order release testimony surviving witnesses withheld consent located grand jury testimony finally released july mentioned involvement sister delivery atomic secrets russians died july death publicly announced family discovered october new_york_times called nursing home living assumed | David Greenglass | Warfare | Military people | Military people (G –M) |
12729_IvantheRussian | russian russian bulgarian hungarian 14th century bulgarian military leader russian origin served bulgarian prior joining armed forces second bulgarian empire russian military commander service hungarian governor russian rose high rank bulgarian military wake accession throne charge bulgarian defence prolonged ultimately successful byzantine siege city involved failed bulgarian attempt capture byzantine capital constantinople probably taking turbulent events surrounded followed death russian mentioned representative early years siege bulgarian historian russian born centred modern western ukraine hypothesis based ties hungary western neighbour hungarian sources notice russian named ally ban nobles opposed rule land south governed bulgaria supporter hungarian king established authority suppressed rebellion russian fled entered service thought joined commander subordinate personal forces consisted hungarians presumably russians hungarian scholar supports identification russian chronicles historian points lack clear evidence large time span identification proposed considered arrived bulgaria fleeing conquest like russian bulgarian service way right hand man hungarian named accession bulgarian throne meant russian assumed elite rank bulgarian military hierarchy title borrowed byzantium title held second command army approximate western marshal year dispatched city recently conquered bulgaria decades byzantine rule thousand strong cavalry force possibly hungarians thousand defend city byzantine raids task assisted deputy time known byzantium military commander bulgarian forces commanded russian managed withstand month siege undertaken iii byzantine throne bulgarian ally attempts capture city byzantines employed german specialists construct siege machine fired bulgarian defenders despite elaborate siege tactics summer retained city launched raids nearby byzantine held fortresses modern lost byzantines soon forces leaving city meet bulgarian garrison replace pro byzantine inhabitants opened city gates let covert byzantine detachment anti byzantine plot later career loss profound effect career remained royal favourite tasked defence great palace constantinople residence emperor facing imminent defeat hands grandson emperor iii protracted civil war guard requested assistance bulgarian emperor sent russian horsemen constantinople aid words byzantine historian actual intentions use men suitable moment bulgarian guard arrest emperor hold palace allowing large army mercenaries constantinople accordance plan cavalry approached constantinople waited army plot uncovered spies fearing imperial ambitions wrote rival grandfather accept capital stuck plan signed oath come peace persuade byzantines promptly retreated bulgarian territory receiving order role final years reign rule uncertain mentioned sources pertaining period high ranking position leads took july serbian victory bulgaria paved way serbian dominance balkans century killed battle succeeded son believes russian bulgarian nobles ousted weak placed throne probable russian took bulgarian victory byzantium recorded representative peace negotiations followed assessment russian held high regard writer later byzantine emperor likely personally faced battle history calls man skilled strategy referred bulgaria people writings czech historian prominent researcher bulgarian history clear cut figure bulgarian military leader age eyes despite foreign origin russian considered mercenary bulgarian nobility emperor trusted commander | Ivan the Russian | Warfare | Military people | Military people (G –M) |
12897_ArthurWilliamMurphy | november april senior engineer aviator royal_australian_air_force raaf accompanied captain trans australia flight melbourne darwin feat earned men murphy later played leading role military aircraft maintenance production veteran world war served mechanic pilot based middle_east flew squadron awarded murphy raaf strength formed rose rank temporary air commodore world war commanding raaf inspector air accidents fellow murphy retired military died age seventy early life world war murphy born november suburb melbourne engineer wife mary educated spent years apprentice having employed engineering firms murphy joined australian_army train air mechanic february risen rank sergeant volunteered serve overseas transferring murphy allocated squadron known squadron warrant officer departed melbourne aboard march bound egypt based palestine murphy initially responsible squadron aircraft maintenance achievements saw mentioned dispatches trained pilot egypt obtained temporary commission second lieutenant october flew returning squadron palestine murphy saw combat jordan operating august observer selected join colonel irregular arab army near providing air cover reconnaissance credited bringing enemy aircraft supporting lawrence troops murphy awarded reliability wars murphy temporary commission terminated war reverted rank sergeant remain army returning australia march later year took flight australia melbourne darwin accompanying pilot captain pair departed november arrived darwin december having travelled kilometres seven flying hours flew single engined radio hazardous terrain surveyed seventeen potential landing grounds journey murphy awarded recognition achievement perceived danger expedition making preparations return flight received telegram ordering arrange dismantled shipped travel southwards steamer following disbandment wartime murphy transferred successor january march joined newly established royal_australian_air_force raaf literally according papers nicknamed described immensely capable popular commissioned flying officer september year murphy married melbourne october couple sons daughter july founding pilots newly reformed squadron flight lieutenant flying unit based recently opened new_south_wales promoted flight lieutenant murphy posted wing commander later sir november following year took round australia survey flight command chief air staff wing commander later air marshal sir raised squadron leader murphy given temporary command raaf station victoria opening months subsequently took charge unit workshops end responsible specially modifying conditions enable air_force team led flight lieutenant later group captain flying officer later air marshal sir rescue explorer presumed lost journey continent murphy selected join mission investigate aircraft production overseas view setting local construction plants team determined suitable australian conditions manufacture following testing prototype designated design went production january murphy promoted wing commander november appointed commanding officer january world war retirement murphy continued play leading role aircraft maintenance production world war helped set local manufacture torpedo bomber completing tour promoted group captain appointed inspector air accidents june newly created position reported directly chief air staff murphy deputy flying officer later sir found boss murphy product old school airmen fly plane pull apart generally act occasion demanded small succeeded reducing number accidents training expanded rapidly australia participation empire air training scheme murphy led investigation canberra air disaster august mid air collision occurred following month raaf formed september efforts maintenance units victoria south australia tasmania murphy appointed commander held post end war promoted temporary air commodore july passed statutory retirement age substantive rank wing commander retired raaf number senior staff veterans world war including williams way advancement younger equally capable officers discharged air_force january murphy later elected fellow died heart disease melbourne april age seventy survived children murphy cremated | Arthur William Murphy | Warfare | Military people | Military people (G –M) |
12973_LoftyLarge | large september october british soldier author having joined army boy large fought korean war wounded taken prisoner battle spent years prisoner war camp injuries went lost body weight release rehabilitation joined went serve conflicts world hunting communist malaya suppressing rebellions conducting cross border reconnaissance raids indonesia malaysia confrontation imposing figure feet inches tall given nickname joining army retirement large wrote books army career preceding authors said large books instrumental setting template future members regiment early life large born child wife emily née sister years junior family moved cottage miles outside village gloucestershire child father taught shoot game later said experience little realise spend lot time years later trained exactly type shooting large later book best parents man ask growing second world war having watched british american soldiers field exercises large said wanted soldier joined army career large joined british_army band boy age unable join county regiment lack instead joined served years england germany hong_kong time given nickname having reached adult height feet inches requesting transfer gloucestershire regiment large volunteered fight korean war combat training course japan deployed line korean war march half dozen newly sent company position low hills 29th brigade defending routes valley potentially chinese southbound offensive seoul april engaged chinese troops morning april fought seven assaults able rejoin remainder battalion known time battalion vastly outnumbered low ammunition cut united_nations lines large shot left shoulder remaining forced surrender day forced march north having received basic medical attention large arrived prison camp outside miles north east spent years camp celebrated 21st birthday bullets pieces embedded body help large cope chronic pain injuries american introduced marijuana grew wild area found highly effective enjoyable somewhat alarmed effects subsequently tried limit use drug like fellow prisoners large suffered march chinese doctor operated large removed round ribs preliminary released exchange wounded prisoners having weighed pounds march dropped pounds time release limited movement wasted left arm later told treated british doctor time injury arm probably large batch exchanged british release subsequent return britain page news guardian newspaper reported group unaware death king occurred year earlier looking forward coronation queen elizabeth_ii interviewed release large described war useless said believed communist claims engaged warfare defence 1st battalion gloucestershire regiment awarded citation conferred units armed forces united_states allied nations awarded exceptionally outstanding performance duty extraordinary heroism action armed enemy yard ground surrendered covered enemy dead soldier fighting battalion powered final surge enemy masses returning large offered discharge medical grounds declined went serve briefly stores instructor regimental police time worked regaining fitness arm wanting escape drill regular army large volunteered riding home hours successfully completing tough selection course crashed having injured ankle repeat selection time boot sizes larger accommodate swelling went serve malaya borneo large operation malaya hunting engaged emergency uprising time large involvement little communist activity despite months jungle patrols encounters cats tigers contact suppressing rebellion large lost temper recalling incident interview said laugh turned round face right shook head stuck punch went like shot seen sober quick hole struggled feet looked willing hill lost laugh weeks later january large squadron assault entailed metre overnight ascent south soldier carrying pounds kit having completed ascent able surprise defeat rebels previously held plateau virtually stronghold indonesia malaysia confrontation borneo large took operation leader man patrol spent weeks time hidden jungle incursions indonesia performing reconnaissance indonesian forces hidden banks river incursions large patrol opportunity assassinate colonel commander indonesian special forces area later commander chief subsequently indonesia minister defence security passing river boat moment large spotted woman boat later described incident women children boat don sort target went fact man looking months colonel indonesian unit end rifle let women kids service borneo mentioned despatches important training operations experience large enjoyed suffered fear heights considerable bulk meant descended far quickly chance comfortable landing despite eventually qualified parachute instructor course report read suited size memoirs large recalls shots fired active duty warning shots fired long range ground feet local woman unclear incident took place intended dissuade heading certain danger despite firing increasingly close woman feet continued forward moving sight moments later leading previously unseen bull intent player god help poor son law large spent final years year army career instructor reserve regiments eventually leaving army warrant officer class legacy book remarkable soldiers extraordinary men soldier describes large simply finest soldier met inspiration admirable sense fair play joined years large departure written large enduring impact regiment like realising joined regiment told best way survive years sabre squadron pick thought like shut watch listen number old bold fitted requirement wasn later service learned newly members squadron picked memorial bench donated group large colleagues inscription reads personal life leaving hong_kong large met ann regiment depot wrote times week captivity letters actually delivered large eventually married lived army rental property floor farmhouse outskirts gloucester large volunteered unit known outside military circles fact large took advantage initially telling wife regiment job air drop supplies troops jungle couple moved regiment later children andy later years leaving worked middle_east having earned heavy goods vehicle driving licence qualified testing officer certificate time army spent years working life driving instructor wrote books time army man man war korea non commissioned officers write preceding soldiers turned authors book soldier odds korean war consisted revised versions books additional material said large books recommended reading regiment candidates instrumental setting template future members regiment large returned borneo jungle channel documentary history taking camera crew exact spot bank river patrol successfully ambushed river boat having ill years large died aged michael funeral held november martin church long association | Lofty Large | Warfare | Military people | Military people (G –M) |
13120_MichaelA.Monsoor | april september united_states navy seal killed iraq war posthumously awarded medal honor enlisted united_states_navy graduated basic underwater demolition seal training training assigned seal team delta platoon sent iraq april assigned train soldiers months platoon frequently engaged combat forces september threw grenade rooftop seals iraqi soldiers positioned quickly grenade body absorbing resulting explosion saving comrades injury death died minutes later wounds caused grenade explosion march defense confirmed posthumously receive medal honor president presented medal parents april october secretary navy announced second ship class guided missile destroyers named honor early life education born april california children father served united_states military marine father irish descent mother irish ancestry child afflicted strengthened lungs racing siblings family swimming pool attended california played tight end school football team graduating career seals enlisted united_states navy march attended basic training illinois graduation basic training attended school transferred naval air station italy short period time entered basic underwater demolition seal training graduated class september performers class completed advanced seal training courses including parachute training cold weather combat training alaska months seal qualification training california graduating march following month rating changed master arms assigned seal team iraq war operation kentucky seal team sent iraq april assigned train soldiers machine gunner patrols carried pounds gear temperatures exceeding degrees took lead position protect platoon frontal assault team frequently involved engagements fighters months deployment team reportedly killed insurgents engagement ran street continuous gunfire rescue injured awarded action awarded service iraq death september platoon engaged insurgents killing injuring anticipating attacks seal soldiers took rooftop position civilians aiding insurgents blocked streets nearby mosque broadcast message people fight americans iraqi soldiers protecting seals feet away position seal rooftop quick access escape route grenade thrown rooftop street grenade hit chest fell floor immediately grenade jumped grenade covering body grenade exploded seconds later body absorbed force blast severely wounded evacuated immediately died minutes later seals time injured explosion survived died september iraq described quiet professional fun loving guy knew buried fort national cemetery san_diego funeral funeral coffin moving grave site navy seals lined forming column sides route coffin moving center coffin passed seal gold removed uniform deeply embedded wooden coffin nearly minutes cemetery nearly seal west_coast repeated act display moved attending funeral including president bush spoke incident later speech stating procession went nearly half hour simple wooden coffin gold memorial hero forgotten awards decorations medal honor march defense confirmed posthumously receive medal honor president united_states parents received medal behalf april ceremony white house held president fourth american second navy seal killed line duty receive highest military award war terrorism medal honor citation president united_states congress takes pride presenting medal honor posthumously master arms second class sea air united states navy service set forth following citation conspicuous gallantry risk life duty serving automatic weapons gunner naval special warfare task group arabian peninsula support operation iraqi freedom september member combined seal sniper element tasked providing early warning stand protection rooftop held sector iraq petty officer distinguished exceptional bravery face grave danger early morning insurgents prepared execute coordinated attack area element position element thwarted enemy initial attempt eliminating insurgents enemy continued assault element engaging rocket propelled grenade small arms fire enemy activity increased took position machine gun teammates roof seals watched enemy activity threw hand grenade unseen location bounced petty officer chest landed escaped blast chose instead protect teammates instantly regard safety threw grenade absorb force explosion body saving lives teammates courage fighting spirit devotion duty face certain death petty officer gave life country reflecting great credit highest traditions citation conspicuous gallantry action enemy platoon machine gunner sea air land team naval special warfare task group arabian peninsula task unit support operation iraqi freedom petty officer element providing security counter operations moving extraction naval special warfare team received effective enemy automatic weapons fire resulting seal wounded action immediately petty officer complete disregard safety exposed heavy enemy fire order provide fire fight way wounded seal position continued provide effective fire simultaneously dragging wounded seal safety petty officer maintained fire wounded seal received tactical casualty treatment leg helped load wounded teammate high mobility multi purpose wheeled vehicle evacuation returned combat bold initiative courage complete dedication duty reflected great credit upheld highest traditions citation heroic achievement connection combat operations enemy task unit iraq support operation iraqi freedom april september different operations exposed heavy enemy fire teammates fire aggressively stabilized chaotic situation focused determination tactical awareness time insurgents assaulted team small arms fire rocket propelled grenades quickly assessed situation determined best course action counter enemy assaults implemented plan gain best tactical advantage decisive heroic actions resulted enemy killed saved lives teammates soldiers extraordinary guidance initiative total dedication duty reflected great credit upheld highest traditions legacy honored naming named streets october united_states secretary navy announced second ship class destroyers named honor naval naval unit named based california unit symbol composed petty officer medal honor seal master arms shield unit knows petty officer career history shares new cadets | Michael A. Monsoor | Warfare | Military people | Military people (G –M) |
13150_JaneMcCrea | spelled july young woman slain native americans associated british army lieutenant general american revolutionary war loyalist serving army led expressions outrage increase patriot military recruiting especially days following killing propaganda followed greatly beauty fact associated loyalists family primarily active serving patriot cause undermined british claims protection loyalists inability punish alleged killers undermined british conduct war propaganda contributed success patriot recruiting drives new_york years fiancé reported bitter affair married story life death entered american folklore arms life born younger children large family new_jersey mother death father living brother john near new_york engaged war began brothers joined american forces fiancé fled expedition neared hudson_river summer colonel took duty regiment militia jones serving lieutenant loyalist militia units accompanying stationed fort capture left brother home travelling join fiancé reached village old war staying home loyalist elderly cousin british general morning july group native americans advance party army led known descended village family killed walked ambush happened subject dispute known taken natives separated eventually taken british camp recognized supposedly distinctive carried native traditional version happened appears based account british officer warriors escorting british camp expected reward bringing killed ended claimed taken rumors escorted fiancé request second version story apparently advanced questioning killed bullet fired pursuing americans supporting version events history campaign asserts body revealed bullet wounds wounds reaction killing heard killing went native american camp ordered culprit delivered threatening executed told general agent leading native americans act cause native americans cause revenge went north relented action taken native americans news death traveled relatively quickly standards time news accounts published pennsylvania august august far away virginia accounts exaggerated traveled describing killings large numbers loyalists patriots alike campaign intended use indians means colonists american reaction news hoped propaganda war received boost wrote letter american general complaining american treatment prisoners taken august battle gates response widely reprinted news accounts elaborated beauty describing lovely disposition graceful manners intelligent features favorite knew hair extraordinary length beauty measuring yard quarter contemporary accounts actually saw described country girl honest family circumstances beauty accomplishments later accounts embellished details historian notes color hair described black blonde red cites 1840s examination alleged lock hair described reddish death similar raids inspired resistance invasion leading defeat battle effect expanded reports incident propaganda rebel sympathies later war especially apparently bitter experience married settled canada story eventually american folklore anonymous poet wrote ballad jane set music popular folk song philadelphia circus performed death miss written painted portrait shown described similar events novel markers near commemorating death remains moved times time second moved body hopes solving mystery death unexpectedly bodies found grave placed remains atop burial vault died natural causes skeletons largely complete skull missing possibly reported grave looting 19th century bodies analysis time separate graves | Jane McCrea | Warfare | Military people | Military people (G –M) |
13244_CalebV.Haynes | march april united states air force major general grandson famous served air_force organizer able create air units scratch commanded large number groups squadrons task forces world war 1930s rated command pilot led experimental long range water interception flights key development air defense doctrine demonstrated bombers intercepted italian liner enemy ships located sunk american aircraft helped promote air power flying long range missions countries south_america described big pilot pilot kind air officer led fighting china commanded small force bombers known expert flying ability daring said looked like flew like angel early life born county seat north_carolina march paternal grandfather hill died end april weeks birth son grew married january couple produced daughters sons fourth child second son time birth father father continued rise politics serving delegates mason county sheriff years following elected mother thai chinese ancestors grandfather original twins married sisters marrying adelaide couple produced seven daughters sons lived west north_carolina anglo chinese offspring including mother married local clan young grew went school moved miles southeast attend graduated bachelor laws degree world war months receiving law degree entered united_states_army flying cadet august august november attended sailed france served saint following march entered commissioned temporary second lieutenant sent tours test pilot july year instructor second aviation instructor center following september transferred test pilot armistice november served aide president inter war period duty returning june assigned long_island new_york following august went indiana duty supply officer july commissioned second lieutenant september test officer ohio went washington served officer charge gasoline oil supply systems piloted army planes flew san_juan puerto_rico goodwill tour ordered san_francisco august transferred camp lewis washington following june served months commanding officer detachment september returned duty major jack march instructor aerial component stationed field directors national air derby september finish lines established air races starting new_york san_francisco died april succeeded command married father time improved field adding photography laboratory august years washington state entered alabama rank lieutenant following graduation school june went virginia duty engineering officer unit fighter aircraft attained rank captain february assumed command second station based field washington frustrated men richmond virginia forced establish headquarters rear tents sheds places winter operations requested air temperature supplied mail planes pilots warned possible atmospheric conditions forced operate months july january commanding officer 37th pursuit squadron field turned posting fighter unit went california special training air navigation instrument flying returning field march appointed commanding officer 37th attack squadron entered command kansas august graduated following june returned field served commanding officer rose temporary rank major service test aircraft assigned march 2nd commanded col following flew second early august squadron gathered august took joint exercise battleship uss utah searched coast san_francisco hit pound water bombs found timing location selected admiral provide utah greatest likelihood fog cloud cover hide air observation navy supplied water bombs airmen employed practiced commanded units headquarters hamilton field served main navigator bomber group composed thirty twin engine seven new amphibious aircraft afternoon august navy sent airmen directions degree latitude miles east ship actual position bombers find battleship morning olds flew lead navigator general headquarters air force commander general observer witness results descended fog find utah commenced bombing low altitude feet dropped bombs total direct hits water bombs dropped larger flight arrived minutes noon minutes late exercise february participated army flight field buenos_aires argentina commanded olds august year took army flight colombia following january returned month course interception main article interception army maneuvers bomber advocates wished attempt interception ship sea far land practical range allow refused cooperate instead reserve lieutenant suggested ocean liner agreed arranged coordination italian ocean liner crossing atlantic lieutenant colonel head public relations contacted major news agencies national publicity flew specially prepared task aircraft navigator theoretical war maneuver adversaries major squadron commander acting attacking force commander olds defending group commander positioned body bomber nbc radio announcer served broadcast engineers operating powerful radio smaller tuned poor weather morning position report placed ship miles sea took driving rain expert navigation plot resulted visual contact ship miles east nbc began broadcasting main spoke radio captain jokingly invited airmen lunch table aboard photographer major snapped shot fellow pilot flying level later photo page newspaper world pearl harbor late commanded provisional group test bombing accuracy bombing range near mouth chesapeake_bay carrying pound bombs aircraft flew feet single file aimed single point dropping bombs quick succession observation showed exactly half bombs striking inside foot diameter circle centered target received role february commander experimental aircraft carrying pounds emergency supplies chile help survivors earthquake man crew won trophy nearly mile round trip voyage flight showed world lengths mount humanitarian relief mission range capability new bomber piloted june return home body mexican died crash flying mexico_city undertook flight tests ohio lifting heavy loads lift pounds feet pounds feet setting world records awarded certificates issued international record greatest carried altitude metres following month received certificates establishment international kilometres speed record kilograms performance established national closed circuit distance record miles promoted permanent rank major november february named commanding officer 41st reconnaissance squadron long range flying modified bomber aircraft field october december aide brigadier general station training adviser 13th composite wing primarily flying puerto_rico january june command original field time organized promoted temporary rank lieutenant colonel called washington june command single test northern atlantic air route great_britain july took field montreal lake newfoundland arriving scotland delivered overseas total round trip flights half months directed scout air route southern atlantic brazil africa terminus cairo egypt august major curtis pilot chief major general passenger took field begin mile round trip journey egypt conveying iraq special mission flight land october southern route proved satisfactory agreed purchase delivered method cairo quarter number trip remainder american service world war december start direct involvement world war base commander important defensive stronghold caribbean stop florida southern route cairo following february returned washington organize force advance party operation intended bomb tokyo flying bases province eastern china supplied florida gathered force bombers small group mixed unit flew individually brazil africa india landing april losses pilots wrote view voyage autobiography god pilot began organizing supply lines beginning aviation fuel deliveries china april colonel piloted flight second airmen hear americans beaten attack tokyo blow came japanese forces captured chinese bases use project canceled men reassigned general group reached instead initial group diverted north_africa sent indian state continue supply line work mission supplying american forces china air organization formed carry supplies air route replacement enemy held burma road worked transports accompanied missions fighter flown outfit executive operations colonel shifted flying fighter canceled burma appeared falling japanese handful airmen royal_air_force flew hundreds evacuation missions april mid june bringing passengers westward safety india american ferry aircraft typically deliver supplies china stop burma way flew rescue members general mission got cut joe refused lift preferring walk remainder force subsequently dropped supplies group way west jungle mission japanese fighter attacking discouraged retreat crewmen supposedly unarmed transport opened fire thompson guns caliber pistols time tokyo rose announced radio japanese longer worry americans old broken transport pilot commander chief command bombers instead loaded transport pound bombs soldiers throw enemy forces returned day drop read old broken transport pilot action awarded june went china organize command general fighter group counterpart scott air leaders subject life magazine article august described like minded quietly tough word eliminate red tape allow subordinates range individual initiative told life journalist like pursuits better likes bombers airmen confirmed handled bombers easily fighters wrote open frank bomber group leader damn playing army politics scott said form don damned est trio asia seen rarely able send mitchell twin engine bombers time supported carrying bomb constantly shifted targets kept enemy fuel bomb limited scope operations instance sortie july single bomb japanese headquarters china near border burma claims losses july proved value strategy lost destruction enemy fighters bombers supplies began increase following months october rank brigadier general returned india organized commanded general organization commanders reported ran ran ran india ran tenth service arm operated large air base task force assembled bomber groups 7th medium paper squadrons prepared war aircraft little training bare aircraft available war weary medium bombers bombing missions included continuation defiant response men noted general flown flying emphasized operational self motivation personal style people ease observed desk general field operations commander believed getting things earliest offensive efforts new task force multi stage mile voyage main base chinese airfields ultimate goal attacking docks hong_kong returning attack life journalist rode bombers wrote story experience magazine october led took final leg advance airfield accompanied seven commanded scott small force destroyed transport ship bombed hong_kong vital harbor claimed enemy aircraft loss bomber fighter asked mitchell shared squadrons supplied ones considered value sent small force bomb november followed days repeat visit heavy bombers missions continued slowly increasing numbers sorties flown january moved miles nearer targets burma combat strength strong challenge japanese air superiority burma returned june organize american air base command led mixed force composed primarily units elements tasked coordinating area defense offensive destruction enemy emphasis months given fewer officers men deemed necessary little mission mid august large scale organization allied forces asia resulted renamed placed led group september returned months asia left told american reporters forces helped deny port enemy helped burma invasion stated highlight time asia air raid hong_kong upcoming air crossing atlantic eighth said thing intended look year old son high school wife working drafting department new_york october year commanding general air_force field flying anti submarine warfare missions july went florida took bomber training group hunted submarines cold war december assigned headquarters fort new_york following month appointed commanding general newfoundland base command fort newfoundland oversaw operations american stations greenland northern quebec told reporter air stations remote troops morale high july air force base maryland appointed deputy commander services month later rank major general january assumed command technical training wing air force base texas retired personal life married born california couple welcomed child born washington son known served special weapons studied geology earning doctorate professor universities texas arizona excavation work helped establish timeline human migration north_america wife toured american west retirement searching permanent residence general friends suggested city military post left assess possibility living new_mexico son explored ancient human settlements deciding wife continued tour soon finding sea california liking bought adjoining lots existing house accepting offers received promising executive career industry relaxed hunting fishing joined number men clubs granite lodge mount holder 32nd degree member quiet secretive order pilots joined enjoyed visits friends especially playing cards military colleagues died home night april acute chronic survived wife son living arizona granddaughter buried military honors arlington national cemetery april recognition awarded distinguished service medal silver star oak leaf cluster distinguished flying cross oak leaf clusters oak leaf cluster medal oak leaf cluster merit chile effective dates promotion private class aviation section august second lieutenant temporary second lieutenant june lieutenant july captain october major temporary august major november lieutenant colonel temporary march colonel temporary january lieutenant colonel march brigadier general september major general september | Caleb V. Haynes | Warfare | Military people | Military people (G –M) |
13273_FriedrichFreiherrvonHotze | baron april september swiss born field marshal austrian army french revolutionary wars campaigned war coalition switzerland war second coalition notably late early june killed second battle born april present day switzerland boy graduated pursued studies entered military service duke promoted captain cavalry campaigned seven years war saw combat later served russian army russia war turkey persistent garnered commission austrian imperial army served brief war succession creative commander rose quickly ranks campaigning war coalition particularly battle earned knight commander cross placed command center austrian line battle killed french musket fire morning mist near september childhood early career second son doctor surgeon military service born wife came old swiss family cousin education reformer young man studied renowned later attended october entered military service duke regiment officer cadet ensign promoted lieutenant cavalry captain left duke service disagreement duke financial matters involved maintaining standing army entered service remained end seven years war service prussia took brief vacation switzerland entered service russia lieutenant regiment called named territory old grand participated battles russia going conflict ottoman_empire attracting attention battle lower danube wounded praised bravery promoted major service war russia ottoman_empire ended treaty signed july returned home near return journey stopped vienna present emperor seek appointment major imperial austrian army joseph traveled near upper rhine presented finally secured major commission regiment known baron regiment regiment served field brief war succession served short time regiment hungary returned regiment vienna promoted lieutenant colonel given command foundation experience military organization gave advantage establishing new combat arm recognizing importance austrian armed force embarked organizational training program emperor named commander corps rank colonel returned temporarily russia time establish similar force catherine great army outbreak border war ottoman_empire austria returned austria took command regiment french revolutionary wars initially rulers europe viewed revolution france event french king subjects interfere succeeded brother joseph emperor considered situation surrounding sister children greater alarm august consultation french nobles prussia issued declaration declared interest monarchs europe interests louis family threatened ambiguous consequences happen royal family french republican position increasingly difficult problems international relations french continued support counter revolution abroad chief prince son duke grandson duke base adjacent french german border sought direct support military intervention royal houses europe raised army april declared war austria war coalition france ranged european states sharing land water borders plus portugal ottoman_empire war coalition april regiment joined autonomous took military clashes early regiment assigned commanded time promoted major general commander column played essential role line awarded knight cross following year assigned left bank rhine later september rhine der french army commanded general division assignments proved confident courageous general stronger recognition promoted lieutenant field marshal rank unusual man non aristocratic family raised rank baron emperor campaign served command troops secured positions near later took engagements battle august commanded battalions cavalry squadrons total men formed center line force managed push french villages force strong follow advantage following action force participated joint battles followed september consecutive actions organization initiative led overwhelming french lines actions campaign awarded promotion april received commander peace coalition forces austria russia prussia great_britain achieved victories experiencing greater success north italy coalition achievements limited despite presence experienced austrian generals austrians lift siege efforts northern italy pushed austrian forces border lands napoleon dictated cease fire april led formal peace treaty treaty went effect october treaty called meetings involved parties work exact territorial details convened small town mid close french border primary combatants coalition france austria highly suspicious motives congress quickly intrigue diplomatic french demanded territory originally agreed austrians reluctant designated territories delegates transfer agreed territories compensate german princes losses congress problems tensions grew france coalition allies separately jointly ferdinand naples refused pay agreed tribute france subjects followed refusal rebellion french invaded naples established republican uprising swiss encouraged offered military support led overthrow establishment factors contributed rising tensions way egypt napoleon stopped forcibly removed possessions angered paul russia honorary head order furthermore convinced austrians start war weaker seriously austrians russians english actually discussed possibility outbreak war signing treaty october left austrian service returned home switzerland hardly arrived government overthrown assistance french returned austria received new commission new command border regions switzerland austria war broke austria arguably best commanders taken command austrian army late january charles unhappy strategy set forward brother ambitious plan francis advisers agreed austria fight defensive war maintain continuous defensive line southern bank danube northern italy stationed winter miles east south east army settled extending south winter broke march general army crossed rhine instructed block austrians access swiss alpine passes planned armies coalition germany allies northern italy prevent assisting strike crossing rhine early march acted charles army reinforced austria russian allies agreed send seasoned soldiers seasoned commander furthermore french held interior passes switzerland prevent austrians transferring troops northern italy southwestern germany use routes forces theaters meeting little resistance advanced columns valley fourth column advanced north shore rhine eventually took flanking position north shore lake pushed danube plain took position eventually pushing imperial city time army switzerland command pushed intending cut austrian lines communication relief mountain passes commanded advanced northern italy deal ferdinand war second coalition took arms french switzerland revolutionary swiss government revoked swiss citizenship coalition allies swiss roots ideal vienna confederation switzerland worked colonel williams englishman austrian service establish lake flotilla lieutenant field marshal commanded troops france commanded overwhelmed fortress important pass elevation metres links realizing main french army crossed rhine moved north lake reorganized defenses command able officer commander took troops designated defense intending support left wing battles days later forces arrive time participate battles threat pending arrival influenced french planning absence men faced command generals division inflicting enormous casualties french suffering minimal losses battle mid austrians control switzerland french forces count von pushed pushing force rhine sizable force strong crossed rhine prepared join armies plains switzerland command tried prevent merger austrian forces preliminary action austrians succeeded pushing french forces took high casualties union took place days june supported command attacked french positions june commanded entire left wing army included battalions infantry plus support artillery squadrons cavalry total men despite wounded remained field troops pushed french harassed retreat forcing river took defensive positions death second battle august received orders brother emperor withdraw austrian army rhine charles reached central switzerland think force hold region arrival rest russian force order charles delayed long late august withdrew force rhine headed heard breach military common sense wondered owl referring emperor gone mind order eventually reversed late stop withdrawal unlike knew military business organized competent defense border left flank reasoning correctly way needed safe haven passed morning september chief staff colonel conducted reconnaissance ride near village river kilometers village born heavy morning mist encountered party french scouts 25th brigade concealed summoned surrender wheeled spurred horse colonel killed volley initially taken battlefield church buried body moved established monument consequences death missed despite communication british austrians russians british size troops consistently percent higher actually lack swiss volunteers failed promises transport organized impressive march alps northern italy counting austrian allies hold soldiers took pass bayonet charge endured incredible hardships navigating narrow trails alps time russian army reached preparing descend mountains plain army crushed incompetent force absence french division overwhelmed austrian flank crossed cleared mountains forced withdraw march ragged army arrived late october inability hold french death swiss campaign degenerated utter | Friedrich Freiherr von Hotze | Warfare | Military people | Military people (G –M) |
13281_LouisKlein | january november served french military french revolutionary wars napoleonic wars general cavalry initially house guard royal residences left military french revolution enlisted rose rapidly lieutenant brigadier general participated french invasion southwestern germany cavalry played critical roles battles following prussian campaign retired active service entered politics performed administrative duties paris served french senate voted participate days france raised french second restoration military career initially served royal house guard holding prestigious position guard gate left military service french revolution began rejoined military listed infantry lieutenant army north cavalry regiment participated french revolutionary wars brigadier general replaced adjutant general appointed general division crossed rhine commanded right flank command command included 4th 5th regiments 17th 1st light horse regiment companies horse artillery foot artillery company battle cavalry helped secure village strategically important forward post prior general engagement french losses subsequent battle ordered general withdrawal reserve cavalry division crossed mountains near horses find better forage despite organized withdrawal relatively secure positions western army placed chief staff provisional command went paris complain state army equipment provisions discipline ranks divisional generals left posts received overall command column joined near led cavalry division prior days later commanded cavalry reserve charles austrian army charles superior numbers position forced french retreat taking position western september commanded cavalry reserve vii division left west bank river responsible guarding valley developed second battle september remained direct command prepared support troops north south flanks respectively required austrian assault fell hardest driven strategically placed reserve enabled french retake hold village convinced russian commander draw troops city fortifications later relinquished russians executed confused withdrawal chaos division supported reserve pressed coalition forces hard west end bridge abbey nearly captured prince duke french took prisoners including french army prisoners sale happened earlier battles issued instructions supported assigned russian names russian pay wearing russian caps treated dignity eventually exchanged french officers held prisoner austrians russians returning france remained inactive months recalled military service given command 1st grand officer legion napoleonic wars division newly created viii corps command role corps patrol secure northern shore danube river limiting austro russian activity napoleon incorrectly assumed russians austrians stand near northwest vienna entire regiment patrolled northern danube shore rest division extended line march day lead division division battle immediately prior engagement division decisive defeat austrian russian force subsequent weeks later initially assigned support division occupied position observation rest remained near west vienna plus divisions formed west east depending actions charles russian commander consequently held road vienna eliminating possible austrian retreat war fourth coalition fought command battle division village escape route open prussian general surprised find possession village convinced armistice concluded prussia napoleon reports differ conduct insists prussia old general bluff prevented king capture historians assert believed learned late assert force weak resist greater prussian numbers cavalry west regiments according prussian infantry artillery horse regardless maintained fiction fell ruse passed village maintains vowed revenge division pursued attacked force following day took prussian standards prisoners including general officer capture gives credit furthermore maintains sent guard communications lines groups french rear guard administrative political duties following prussian campaign napoleon appointed governor imperial palace called senate raised letters patent count empire awarded grand order lion placed command recruitment training national_guard remained senate april voted napoleon named knight support napoleon return days second restoration raised french family personal life born january region married january son daughters born married born married paris divorced emperor permission july year remarried daughter lady waiting marriage son born paris died died november paris | Louis Klein | Warfare | Military people | Military people (G –M) |
13314_HumfreyGale | lieutenant general sir gale october april officer british_army served second world war chief administrative officer later general army dwight second world war european director worked chairman early life born london england october eldest children architect wife née educated london studied served artists rifles decided pursue career applied application successful entered college graduate sufficiently high class qualify posting instead commissioned second lieutenant september early service world war world war gale served western awarded promoted lieutenant captain deputy assistant director transport served post general headquarters remainder war twice mentioned despatches awarded order 5th class married marriage lasted death produced daughters wars gale served staff captain inter war service alternated regimental duty home egypt promoted rank major promoted substantially returned deputy assistant general years major promoted lieutenant colonel instructor assistant director promoted colonel brigadier second world war following outbreak second world war gale appointed deputy assistant general deployed france new responsible administrative arrangements managed supply system working services campaign appointed commander order british empire gale promoted major general appointed scotland chief administrative officer general sir commander chief united kingdom home forces work recognised june appointed companion order bath september gale appointed chief administrative officer lieutenant general general staff sections integrated british american administrative systems differed greatly separate organisations established gale job called unique history war coordinate allied invasion sicily gale tasked planning coordination sea convoys ships depart multiple ports united_kingdom middle_east schedule loaded enormous quantities supplies equipment stores troops time feared demands operation great operations curtailed contribution victory tunisia campaign created knight commander order british empire august appointed commander awarded merit left mediterranean supreme allied commander europe gale number key officers insisted taking new headquarters chief staff lieutenant general pointed felt unwilling undertake large gale administrative assistance quality able handle british american supply problems judgement familiar american system supply british general gale found title role different mediterranean broad responsibility logistics european theatre general controlled supply american units major general gale real control supply administration duties involved coordinating activities staff sections serving chairman high level committees dealt matters supply gale promoted temporary rank lieutenant general august january colonel commandant position held colonel commandant work awarded post war gale married time daughter widow prince charles louis september july european director gale retired british_army honorary rank lieutenant general october took position persuaded gale chairman post gale served described gale efficient officers known gale lived switzerland died april papers hart centre military archives | Humfrey Gale | Warfare | Military people | Military people (G –M) |
13371_JamesP.Hagerstrom | colonel january june fighter pilot flying ace world war united_states_air_force korean war career total victories seven pilots achieve ace status different wars born iowa gained interest flying young age left college joined posted new_guinea fight theatre world war mainly escorted bombers shooting japanese aircraft course war including morning war flew command fighter squadron mobilized korea following outbreak korean war later transferred united_states_air_force flew alley north american sabre scoring victories returning remained air_force retirement earned master degree economics law degree assigned vietnam fly combat missions retiring traveled pacific boat family living pacific islands settling louisiana died nearby stomach cancer early life education born january iowa son edward grew small house iowa interest aviation began sat cockpit age thrill life thirteen short flight aircraft built model hobby adrenaline release joined swimming wrestling teams graduating january began studying participated year transferred known helped start club military career world war december attack pearl harbor went iowa city enlisted program january following year sent soon inducted long new went california physical examinations went north primary training january class wear lack standard uniforms trained ryan recruits moving basic flight training brother robert enlisted spent weeks basic training classmates went luke field near phoenix arizona advanced flight training july commissioned second lieutenant received wings sent south_carolina city air base florida flying bell 20th late september posted 8th sent san_francisco california staying personnel moved boarded ship officers enlisted men comprising headquarters hawaii stay long set sail time flanked naval task force overnight stop fiji landed destination queensland australia initially brigadier general commander organized session new pilots charters towers airport april equipped 8th relocated new_guinea shortly promoted lieutenant saw combat april engaged aerial combat destroying 8th mainly escorted dropping supplies ground troops jungle late moved recently captured japanese frequently bombed 8th switched escorting north american mitchell attacks saw little action saw combat protecting boeing flying fortress bombers october led groups aircraft intercept approaching reconnaissance aircraft chased plane minutes flying miles hour getting firing range shot aircraft causing left engine explode plane crashed navigational instruments forced fly japanese occupied town fortunately caught surprise shot fuel spare safely landed overhead enemy reconnaissance aircraft later month heavy rainfall muddy allow lockheed squadrons including 8th relocated miles north airfield soon contracted malaria went australia recover weeks returned normal duties january leading flights aircraft attempt assist escorting bombers near encountered enemy aircraft shot likely tony making ace awarded extraordinary heroism engagement end war flew combat missions destroyed enemy aircraft post war returned june discharged wanted complete studies soon personally immediately enrolled school president request return school graduated degree economics subsequently went houston texas entered municipal bonds business joined fellow pilots viewed enjoyed tenure flew promoted major appointed commander october squadron ordered active duty serve korean war assigned headquarters persuaded commander allow officers fly combat tour korea war fought june allowed transfer active duty air_force sent nevada instructed gunnery named operations officer korean war determined ace wars studied reports got silk coat special glasses allowed twice far normal survival kit later transferred members including equipped north american got wing kill war november near pilot shooting ejected plane exploded piece plane embedded proving kill group commander december got second kill chasing altitude feet spun control pilot ejected likely dying exposure temperatures january transferred air base help transition propeller jet mid february wing pilots trained february chasing noticed attacking engaged shot flying low china low fuel fuel land park aircraft march came shot shot second ran ammunition remaining leaking fuel engine stopped told finish crippled plane pilot enemy airfield mission gave total victories short kills needed ace status march fired sheer ass luck knocked wing tip kept chase shooting short bursts pilot ejected right base way home destroyed bringing total war 28th ace 18th wing air_force sent got april day left unexpectedly went impromptu mission kill sum war missions later work remained returned promoted lieutenant colonel june commanded squadron victoria texas later headed fighter day wing equipped super sabre transferred japan chief fighter branch tour duty briefly returned texas advisor april honored dedication new hangar field houston james air national guard facility later spring moved hawaii renamed relocated japan hawaii earned master degree economics promoted rank colonel march left hawaii job california studied attending required relocate washington enrolled completed studies earned degree assignment vice commander 8th tactical fighter wing george air force base california vietnam war posted vietnam work seventh air_force director combat operations control center tan son air base argued general air_force role vietnam proposed air assets strategic targets insisted solely country support army ground operations eventually asked air_force remove vietnam early air_force reassigned thailand quickly set similar combat operations control center conduct air operations trail retirement death retired air_force february worked law firm los_angeles wife children traveled pacific boat living hawaii guam met wife orlando florida ferry pilot member practiced law wife taught college eventually returned united_states settled louisiana living years died stomach cancer june nearby july buried military honors arlington national cemetery aerial victory credits career credited victories world war korean war seven pilots achieve ace status flying planes world war jets korean war vermont garrison air_force pilots marine_corps awards decorations received numerous awards decorations services citation lieutenant awarded extraordinary heroism connection military operations armed enemy serving pilot fighter airplane 8th fighter squadron aerial combat enemy forces january date lieutenant shot enemy aircraft single engagement lieutenant aerial combat keeping highest traditions military service reflects great credit 5th air_force | James P. Hagerstrom | Warfare | Military people | Military people (G –M) |
13482_WolfgangLüth | captain august october second successful german boat ace world war career record merchant ships plus french submarine sunk war patrols total displacement gross register tons grt second lieutenant commander totaled grt joined period training surface vessels transferred boat service december received command took war patrols june took command patrols october transferred time ocean going submarine war patrols patrols second longest war awarded knight oak leaves swords diamonds boat commanders honored world war recipient service position commander naval academy accidentally shot killed german night given state funeral boat commander commemorated early life career baltic german born russian_empire went received school leaving certificate studied law parents approval joined april underwent basic military training 2nd department standing ship division baltic_sea april june transferred training ship june september attaining rank september initially served surface fleet going month training tour world light cruiser september june advanced rank july served year aboard light cruiser march january attaining rank april ensign october february transferred boat arm promoted junior grade june july appointed 2nd watch officer july october sailed patrol spanish waters civil war country boat tender april october appointed 1st watch officer command lieutenant course world war earn knight oak leaves patrol august september war started september boats command december took command type boat went patrols boat achieving steady success victim following premature smoke float swedish sank january surface attack carried bridge filled crew members included surfaced french submarine seven merchant ships total gross register tons grt officers awarded knight chief engineer decorated chief engineer 1st watch officer january april received award time commander june took command type sank ships patrol totalling grt october having returned second patrol fired torpedo missed norwegian merchant steamer grt sank british merchant steamer grt damaged british motor tanker grt mentioned time daily report military situation fronts september received knight achievements october october took command long range type boat carried patrols boat totaling days sea sinking ships adding grt january promoted experience like commanders tasked training future boat commanders came single war patrols exercise received command sailed onboard april july awarded knight commander killed action july sinking depart war patrol area west africa early february sank tied old sailing ship floating pier previous day noticed slow steady water matters worse contrary der boat command headquarters directive hatch left open allowing water pour torpedo room petty officers found fault captain ultimately responsible record punishment survived career appear affected given command long range type boat left patrol september departing kiel indian_ocean waters south_africa october reached sea lanes outside cape_town spent month patrolling area sinking ships grt returning france january november received knight oak leaves january kriegsmarine officers traveled wolf hitler headquarters present day poland presentation following presentation hitler met private meeting hitler appointed der marine commander chief kriegsmarine following resignation january return flight berlin informed officers present change command march set second patrol south_africa indian_ocean particular waters mauritius patrol lasted days march october making second longest war longest combat patrol world war days length achieved commander sank ships totaling grt patrol turned sea promoted april april received news awarded knight oak leaves swords supply ship east mauritius refuel june present command commanders exchanged experiences discussed problem torpedo failures august year patrol awarded knight oak leaves swords diamonds july sunk british noted men left floating piece wreckage high sea mile distance land probably saved nominated crew members patrol chief engineer august received knight cross achievements ashore years operational boat service including war patrols days sea took command 22nd boat flotilla stationed january training unit boat commanders july took command promoted commander august commander entire september promoted commander september death occupied initially changed daily routine returning drunk night failed respond challenge shot head year old german guard day officer charge immediately informed grand admiral adjutant accepted initially thought bad joke informed brother siblings staying informed wife children died contacted british city commander colonel roberts asking permission conduct formal state funeral roberts approved funeral held adolf_hitler successor head state grand admiral delivering eulogy ordered board inquiry court martial clarify circumstances shooting officers command navy judge conducted court martial stated accordance orders asked times response person visually identify darkness aiming fired rifle hip chain events confirmed leading watch time court ruled guilty cleared fault popular culture subject account german author pen commemorating successful boat commandant second world war according subtitle admission author given work typically reserved works fiction book count dead popular image german submarine canadian historian panned works pulp trade focused hero making summary career awards bronze june return commemorative medal october september boat october boat war badge diamonds january november 2nd class january 1st class des october knight oak leaves swords diamonds knight cross october commander november commander 29th swords april commander 7th diamonds august commander twice ships attacked career sank commercial ships grt warship grt damaged ships grt patrol saw sea days patrolling waters cape_town madagascar making second longest patrol war promotions | Wolfgang Lüth | Warfare | Military people | Military people (G –M) |
13601_JamesC.Marshall | brigadier general october july officer initially charge manhattan_project build atomic bomb world war member june class west_point graduated early world war marshall saw service mexican border wars worked engineering projects united_states panama canal zone january shortly united_states entered world war syracuse district oversaw construction june marshall placed charge manhattan_project known superseded head project brigadier general september engineer august august november assistant chief staff serving australia new_guinea philippines marshall left army moved riverside connecticut worked later joined building coal loading facility turkey worked mining projects africa commissioner highways minnesota early life career born missouri october son wife née appointed west point classmates included entire class graduated early june world war marshall ranked 24th class commissioned substantive lieutenant temporary captain posted july sent lee virginia additional training married brooklyn children born born august marshall joined 8th engineers fort bliss texas returned student officer february june young officers like marshall served overseas war sent battlefield tours june august toured world war visiting britain france belgium germany returning september service camp reserve officers training corps marshall posted 13th engineers adjutant february attended june graduating august instructor june assistant 2nd district based new_york_city like fellow officers marshall reduced substantive rank lieutenant november august took charge 3rd located new_jersey served panama canal zone company commander 11th engineers april june instructor west_point august posted virginia august promoted captain june followed duty assistant chief river harbor section january september world war marshall attended command kansas september february executive officer 1st engineers outbreak world war europe promotion accelerated promoted major march rank lieutenant colonel army united_states june january syracuse district covered new_york pennsylvania rank colonel february syracuse responsible number major projects including ammunition explosive plants construction attend flood control measures upper delaware river june marshall called washington reorganised atomic bomb project known marshall read june report recalled spent night sleep trying figure heard nuclear know build plant ninety million dollars moment construction projects syracuse district tnt plant pennsylvania estimated cost million dollars report colonel head august marshall called creation new district territorial limits administer project proposal approved august district engineer new district marshall reported directly chief engineers established district headquarters 18th floor broadway new_york_city following usual practice naming engineer districts city headquarters area located selected boston firm project principal contractor marshall deputy district engineer visited tennessee june examine proposed location production plants area marshall chose delay actual purchase land needed felt marshall desire orderly procedures ultimately told september bush expressing dissatisfaction slow progress lack highest priority project going united_states secretary war directly president appointed head project september colonel ranked marshall permanent list promoted brigadier general assuming command september according marshall disagreed major way handle personnel witness confrontations major general chief staff decided marshall replaced marshall replaced given overseas posting informed june getting fired previously expressed desire overseas assignment assigned project expressed preference overseas combat assignment liked working happy critical marshall asked transfer secretary headquarters moved leaving secretary new_york office concern personnel noted typical marshall officially created august marshall chose formally leave august held job exactly year account says shortly replaced marshall chief engineers asked relieve marshall key overseas assignment mean promotion brigadier project time organized feel refuse appointed excellent choice regretted marshall awarded legion merit service posted camp north_carolina commander november sought overseas service assistant chief staff saw service australia new_guinea philippines promoted brigadier general november awarded bronze star medal returned united_states medical reasons february final command received army medal january head reverted permanent rank colonel march retired army disability march june promoted brigadier general retired list later life leaving army moved riverside connecticut worked eventually tired new_york_city took job building coal loading facility turkey worked united nations korean relief building new_york involved mining projects africa home new_york working projects world january accepted offer governor minnesota state commissioner highways year term marred change government state final years saw series clashes new governor attorney general term commissioner highways ended marshall returned engineering consultant professional engineering served mayor years contributions included addition ambulance squad fire department construction indoor ice skating wife died cancer july marshall died cancer buried marshall son graduated west_point class served europe world war later served vietnam deputy chief engineers rank major general | James C. Marshall | Warfare | Military people | Military people (G –M) |
13768_CharlesHeaphy | august english born new_zealand explorer recipient victoria_cross highest military award gallantry face enemy awarded british commonwealth forces soldier new_zealand armed forces awarded noted artist executed works early colonial life new_zealand born england joined arrived new_zealand later year commissioned create art advertising country potential english migrants half years spent travelling executing paintings landscapes life centre country contract company ended lived nelson years explored large parts west_coast later moved north employment surveyor invasion militia unit conduct rescued british soldiers fire saw awarded recipient non regular soldier military service ended served term member parliament held variety civil service positions health declined moved queensland australia seeking better climate recover died months arrival early life born london england youngest child professional painter siblings noted painters grandfather merchant ireland family lived north west london enjoyed comfortable middle class existence mother died early childhood thomas earned painting commissions high society accompanied later duke wellington staff artist war thomas died left entire estate second wife married charles obtained work london birmingham moved family home soon child charles taught paint father december sponsored family friend entered school painting child family receive level education months joined company established private venture organise colonies new_zealand sought educated men staff planning surveying new settlements country sailed edward brother aboard expedition purchase land suitable settlement late arrived known wellington service contract company years primarily create art advertising company travelled extensively country occasionally participated overland living tent staying local sailed parts country aboard learned surveying captain employee company travelling taught basic geology painted variety subjects including landscapes flora fauna notable including success company depended attracting new_zealand work intended present country inhabitants best light times exposed danger expedition party intervened skirmish tribes wounded leg unlikely wound weeks later went trek new_zealand produced notable landscapes october based wellington friend built small cottage allowed execute views advertising months later early joined expedition led founding nelson employees scout area location nelson decided executed paintings highlighting quality land intended settlement late services artist longer required given number works produced decided send london report company directors took nearly months reach london time year contract expired directors impressed report published book entitled narrative residence parts new_zealand life nelson longer employed success report public reception paintings sought opportunities similar work london wrote company secretary seeking support exploration area inland nelson response company concentrating developing settlements undertaking exploration country despite returned new_zealand arrived nelson december little way work opportunities nelson based farmed land friend took little funds farming venture hard work particularly successful late need good pastoral land nelson clashed south east nelson company employees including killed company needed scout area south west finally got chance explore replacement resident agent nelson keen advocate expansion settlement area nelson fox authorised surveyor scout south west november december known golden bay returned coast journey regarded difficult undertaken expeditions failed locate suitable land settlement expedition march reasonably compensated exploration efforts additional funds undertook art commissions nelson wealthy residents february accompanied fox employee named undertook expedition south west difficult terrain faced high mountain ranges topped snow ice steep bush numerous rivers food sources included roots birds caught streams coast eggs added diet party carrying load kilograms walked banks far believing kilometres coast provisions prevented proceeding mouth guided party traversed hope saddle way nelson reached march keen exploration left nelson march scout west_coast mouth expedition traced western coast far south journey began golden bay way west local hired porter local chief barred journey south tobacco continued coast climbing steep cliffs rivers went movements held times rain high tides night sheltered small caves augmented screen palm leaves crossed april reached days later crossed old canoe repaired crossing stayed local village early sighted tributary southernmost point expedition hosted local tribe poor weather plagued return coast reached nelson august harsh conditions experienced travels left disillusioned potential prospects settlements west_coast region life nelson remained difficult lost appetite exploration living taking occasional jobs months undertook survey work later year representative government investigated land set aside company local work dried early offered employment april accepted life moving north new role chief kept occupied preparation maps plans years began spend greater time field carried survey work living nelson supplemented income commissioned artworks began build geological knowledge taking particular interest wrote article geological journal england completed paintings thermal attractions including famous pink white hoping raise profile sent works london remain display offices met began year old daughter reverend couple married october year later appointed commissioner gold fields following recent discovery gold role required supervise claims miners negotiate land sales local gold rush soon returned work november sir ended term governor new_zealand sailed islands interest languages wanted investigate french claims islands accompanied private secretary took opportunity execute artworks islands visited inhabitants gave works grey took england december donated wife moved north known early following appointment district surveyor opened settlement years surveyed plots land sold people moving area provincial surveyor following retirement predecessor moved took residence surveying kept busy years early accompanied invited government report discovered south friendly impressed bush skills privately accord respect scientific knowledge left europe later year took examples artwork later fell article published geological journal felt considered inferior scholar publicly questioned credentials allegations portions work mounted spirited defence generally sympathy public dispute stop artwork book published new_zealand geology military career soon returning joined militia unit rank private unit commissioned officer later year appointed captain invasion campaign new_zealand wars sent survey military road constructed charting river ways pilot pioneer present battle later sketch action unusually included representations british casualties later attached staff lieutenant colonel british advanced deeper withdrawn fortified positions early positions siege war parties mount raids small groups british soldiers february soldiers 40th regiment foot bathing near ambushed raiding party commanding men 50th regiment foot came aid defenders moved cut line retreat overcame reserve leading men ambush site assist british soldiers despite outnumbered british repulsed began pursue bush soldier wounded went aid wounded killed unable remaining fit soldier provided cover prevent wounded men eventually relieved reinforcements wounded men soldier trying protect died wounds despite injuries arm hip ribs remained field remainder day ambushed party relieved following action promoted major month later end war ceased active duty returned civilian life victoria_cross late commander new_zealand colonial forces recommended victoria_cross actions recommendation supported sir serving second term governor new_zealand despite knowing man recommended action earlier campaign british_army royal_navy time personnel regular british military awarded eligible grey argued effective command british officers exception london authorities disagreed recommendation turned refused accept began support grey general commander british forces new_zealand british government eventually successful february queen_victoria declaration local forces new_zealand eligible day award non regular soldier citation read conduct skirmish banks new_zealand 11th february assisting wounded soldier fallen hollow concealed whilst target volley feet distant balls pierced clothes cap wounded places hurt continued aid wounded end day major time charge party soldiers 40th 50th regiments orders lieutenant colonel sir senior officer spot moved rapidly place troops engaged pressed presented parade albert barracks medal display war memorial museum later life cessation hostilities contracted chief surveyor new_zealand surveyed land seized british included towns hamilton cambridge established hamilton suburb named contract ended early reinstated pre war position provincial surveyor april resigned posts superintendent member parliament electorate resignation known soon award announced declared candidacy vacant seat publicity award helped raise profile nomination meeting election held hall june returned unopposed electorate representative hard working representative people electorate time parliament parliamentary colleague old acquaintance days nelson fox premier new_zealand june supporter offered position commissioner native reserves fox administration resigned parliament april commissioner role administer native reserves set aside government determine areas land opened migrants work took country land negotiating landowners process enjoy advocated land stolen added stress year commissioner conduct period chief surveyor new_zealand working allegations raised took bribes illegally adjusting land boundaries cleared corruption criticised taking payments young return work wife moved wellington centrally located convenient work included appointment trust commissioner dealing land fraud beginning suffer reduced time spent field work native reserves ended altogether interim picked civil service work justice peace presided cases petty crime brought wellington april appointed government insurance commissioner later year judge death legacy health severe decline affected caught tuberculosis resigned civil service positions following month wife moved brisbane queensland australia hoped warmer climate help health died august survived wife couple children buried grave located portion cemetery approximately north east hill 8th avenue roadway marked numbered plaque descendant wife discovered burial site erected inscription reads served new_zealand peace war artist explorer member parliament non regular soldier awarded victoria_cross new awarded victoria_cross accomplished artist produced important record scenes early days european settlement new_zealand works published histories new_zealand best known track north west corner probably europeans walk area track followed route named honour | Charles Heaphy | Warfare | Military people | Military people (G –M) |
13809_JamesInglisHamilton | general july scottish soldier enlisted british_army commanded regiments colonel seven years war hamilton fought siege fort philip raid american war independence hamilton fought commanding middle column imprisoned cambridge massachusetts surrender following prisoner war adopted son non commissioned officer british_army brother death hamilton took renovated castle extensively 15th regiment foot hamilton participated invasion guadeloupe french revolutionary wars died july buried graveyard adopted son took dying battle early life little known hamilton early life son alexander died died older brothers alexander died painter rome added family condition bequeathed nephew james father seven years war hamilton enlisted british_army february stationed portsmouth saw action june siege fort philip seven years war assigned british soldiers fighting command duke french sailed fort philip forced british surrender siege admiral sailed relief group hoping save island british unsuccessful french killed wounded british french victory hamilton fought raid june british landed near planning attack town decided destroy shipping attack town later finding occupy town require siege insufficient troops occupied burned vessels including thirty british ships retreated seeing large french force sailed coast weeks seeking place attack raid small little damage considered british victory hamilton took british troops led attempt british unsuccessful lost approximately troops reinforcements second attempt succeeded june october holding rank major hamilton major commandant colonel formed independent companies served depot sending drafts highland regiments serving overseas regiment disbanded hamilton retired half pay lieutenant colonel american war independence hamilton commanded 21st regiment foot american war independence general said time engaged acquitted great honor activity good conduct early 21st regiment hamilton accompanied general british response continental_army invasion quebec september appointed temporary commander 1st brigade fell ill death hamilton promoted brigadier assigned 2nd brigade consisted 34th 53rd 62nd 20th regiments foot originally intended include hamilton brigade replaced 53rd campaign hamilton helped general organize troops campaign divide rebellious provinces assigned 1st brigade comprising 9th 47th 53rd regiments foot later transported 1st 2nd brigades amalgamated september new_york hamilton commanded men centre column consisting 9th 20th 21st 62nd regiments foot attacked heights battle freeman farm column 21st right 20th left 62nd middle 9th reserve left commanded german troops hamilton right commanded 24th regiment foot light infantry hamilton considered commander led attack centre column migrated southwest meet right column battle colonel united_states led charge hamilton men turned british won battle gained field battle suffered nearly casualties hamilton centre column 62nd reduced size single company quarters artillery men killed wounded american losses nearly killed seriously wounded battle hamilton engaged guard camp near heights surrendered battle troops surrendered prisoners arrived cambridge massachusetts november commanded exchanged american general hamilton commander prisoner war hamilton adopted boy named son sergeant major 21st foot hamilton signed parole given officers december virginia arrived january hamilton released september subject condition travel america war later life exchange hamilton returned britain funded adopted son education high rank hamilton able obtain commission son boy changed enlisted british_army hamilton renovations filling turret staircase old dungeons adding running round roof line changing original courtyard brother death hamilton took came considered influential hamilton colonel 15th regiment foot august took 15th foot awarded battle honour martinique february march battle 15th foot brigade consisted 39th 43rd regiment foot led sir regiment saw service guadeloupe april year colonel old regiment 21st foot promoted lieutenant general january general april hamilton died estate scotland july august son heir took james killed commanding battle | James Inglis Hamilton | Warfare | Military people | Military people (G –M) |
13832_FriedrichWilhelm,FürstzuHohenlohe-Kirchberg | born germany december member old subsequently family extensive properties plateau south main river hall old city der served distinguished career austrian military seven years war war succession french revolutionary wars experienced old fashioned general chosen mentor young assigned staff campaign france death colonel proprietor 17th infantry regiment early career began military career joined regiment 29th infantry young man served captain seven years war twice wounded famous later battle prussian promoted major lieutenant colonel colonel served short war succession called potato war lack battles intense raiding enemy food supplies conflict took place present day czech_republic promoted served austro turkish war command von orchestrated austrian victory turks campaign received commander appointed colonel proprietor 17th position held death october promoted general infantry appointed commanding general called french revolutionary wars initially placed command austrian forces august forces crossed rhine participated bombardment early september invading forces allies readily captured august slowly marched duke began march paris approached combination troops portion force covered left southern flank prussian advance seasoned experienced officer chosen mentor young assigned force hear duke force engage northern flank french army called army force engaged southern flank december forces defended commander general division removed command superiors paris december awarded success forces played decisive role victory battle appointed general quarter master chief staff coalition main army flanders succeeding general field marshal played decisive role action sec later battle subsequently commanded corps upper rhine responsible recapture french september final military action retired service early failing health died family born family county william son second wife children followed death september father remarried january children married divorced july prague june children died prague august sibling connections seven siblings died age surviving siblings christian october august august september january june october january married march november september friedrich amateur artist started career cavalry accident review caused abandon military studied later leipzig artistic pursuits included drawing miniature painting apparently good ivory carving april march | Friedrich Wilhelm, Fürst zu Hohenlohe-Kirchberg | Warfare | Military people | Military people (G –M) |
13919_JoachimHelbig | september october officer pilot german luftwaffe bomber arm world war credited destruction gross register tons grt allied shipping accomplished missions world war born joined luftwaffe outbreak world war served observer participated invasion poland saw action battles netherlands belgium france contribution military success campaigns received knight des november transferred mediterranean theater operations operated malta support 20th recipient knight mit und september support summer offensive sinking grt enemy shipping initially banned combat flying inspector staff general der senior officer responsible luftwaffe bomber force august operating allied invasion forces italy weeks war europe commanded combat unit eastern consisting elements war worked manager brewery berlin died october following car accident vacation spain military career born september estate called located grew countryside fond horse riding volunteered military service april initially served year 4th artillery regiment dresden fall transferred combat completing training observer aerial gunner april posted iii bomber wing iii group 1st demonstration wing november started informal pilot training friends taught observer fly earned known confirming proficiency multi engine aircraft informal training unique entire luftwaffe bomber force norway france observer bomber reconnaissance outbreak world war day polish campaign mission poland shot polish reconnaissance aircraft day injured motorcycle accident prevented seeing combat campaign awarded 2nd class october participated number uneventful missions north_sea april began norway completed pilot training flew missions supporting german ground forces particularly area missions took low altitude strikes british positions sortie flight engineer severely wounded left engine aircraft shot received participation battle norway campaign netherlands belgium france began appointed squadron leader position held november equipped mission aircraft intercepted enemy fighters engine shot crew members including suffered degrees injuries actions french campaign awarded 1st class following defeat france received early promotion captain july august squadron consisting took primary target english coast german formation consisting 1st dive bomber wing escorted elements 2nd heavy fighter wing 27th fighter wing 53rd fighter wing intercepted british fighters group raf group raf combined attacking force german aircraft intercepted british fighter squadrons totaling fighter aircraft mission turned disastrous 4th crew returned heavily damaged aircraft friendly territory majority men members 4th taken prisoner british progressed developed industrial target specialist result success combat missions awarded knight time received decoration flown combat missions success surviving seemingly hopeless situations excellent crew included august luftwaffe radio operator awarded knight cross manning machine guns drove attacking fighter force mission located north liverpool contributed success missions including attack destruction lock entrance attack pilot training airfield combat missions successfully fought attacks enemy fighters north african mediterranean campaign fourth ordered attack british ships port night good friday mission dive bombed sank troop transport ship likely hospital ship greek forces november took commander 1st 1st demonstration wing succeeding combat missions flown youngest luftwaffe january recipient knight oak leaves des mit having completed combat missions german assault flying missions night bombed heavily defended fortress consecutive nights taking mission lasted hours took armed reconnaissance patrol sea area south crete crew searching area quadrant east roughly kilometres south crete detected british destroyers hms hms hms lively noon immediately informed radio communications destroyers approached sea crete noon spotted german reconnaissance aircraft headed quadrant east aircraft armed kilogram kilogram bombs despite protection accompanying torpedo bombers squadron raf operating long range fighters attacked hms lively struck sank second wave led failed reach destroyers wave led took seven aircraft flight included experienced veterans seven attacked destroyers setting sun space minutes sank vessels selected target bombs struck destroyer amidships sinking hit times british attempted tow crippled vessel friendly port day sank scuttled achievement earned references daily propaganda radio report der high command reporting military situation fronts developed reputation opponents british called squadron june british targeted unit base succeeded blowing seven flew numerous missions support september awarded 20th mit und sunk grt enemy shipping defense allied landings algeria tunisia november sank grt munitions transport coast algeria high command january transferred staff general der commander bombers inspector march tasked duties general der role received promotion lieutenant colonel september numerous difficulties clashes superiors including field marshal lacked operational expertise transferred operational unit wing commander august led allied italy beginning operation january january sank bomb damaged severely loss aircraft italy january destroyed aerial attack american bombers aircraft solely piloted survive hours combat operations successful operations allied airfields isle mentioned second time defense june ordered transfer belgium air defence allied invasion france ordered transfer postponed unfavourable weather conditions fearing intensive allied fighter operations area render movement impossible sustaining high losses accused orders relocated soon low pressure area dissipated arriving belgium dusk losing single aircraft court martial proceedings begun dropped able prove actions decisive importance preserving operational readiness time received promotion colonel july proposed time earlier led success battles invasion fleet present allied fighter aircraft invasion inflicted heavy losses formed combined ground support reconnaissance battle group defense september visiting ground support squadrons severely wounded enemy aircraft injuries surrender command battle group referred commander shortly end world war led small battle group ordered commanding general april lead small formation unit fly berlin evacuate high ranking officials people adolf_hitler inner circle aircraft headed berlin forced abandon mission strong defensive anti aircraft fire city hamburg declared open city abandoned positions southern hamburg relocated near roughly kilometres north hamburg received order leave serve flying vital documents secret orders government senior command staff new commander chief german_army des czechoslovakia delivering reports departed early evening flying west avoided capture escaped czechoslovakia taken prisoner war americans taken camp escaped june war built civilian life manager brewery berlin died october following road accident way vacation spain days earlier awards shield luftwaffe gold pennant combined pilots observation badge gold diamonds iron cross 2nd class september 1st class june der luftwaffe october oak leaves swords knight cross november oak leaves january 20th swords september mentioned twice references | Joachim Helbig | Warfare | Military people | Military people (G –M) |
14146_WalterLoving | december african american soldier musician noted leadership son slave loving led band presidential inaugural parade formed official musical escort president united_states time band assigned duty loving believed african american conduct musical performance white house addition long career military music loving worked intelligence division world war private life real estate investor area end life returned philippines loving killed dramatic unclear circumstances posthumously received philippines presidential merit award early life education born outside virginia loving son slave spent early childhood living parents extended family fourteen relatives age loving moved minnesota home employed loving sister julia maid julia later relocated family family legend claims loving mathematics future president stayed home according loving biographer loving viewed sort father figure known attended elementary school son believed later education washington subsequently music loving early adulthood involved musician later regimental later period study music ended loving decided rejoin army protests professors believed talent wasted withdrawing loving given command band 45th united states career loving tapped organize recommendation governor general philippines earlier heard loving 45th regimental band perform loving learned spanish brief time philippines developed instant period loving led established reputation excellence philippines united_states military periodical army described band finest military bands world opined class performance san_francisco california invited guest conduct group commenting closed eyes thought united states marine band lead unit united_states presidential inaugural parade saw patron inaugurated president united_states time band united_states marine band served musical escort president united_states day inauguration band invited perform president white house band history outside continental united_states perform white_house reception believed time african american conducted musical performance white house loving continued band director forced medical leave tuberculosis military intelligence division world war loving served officer holding rank major war loving initially charged investigating subversive activities african american leaders attending meetings rallies developing network reports assert african american radical vicious financed propaganda campaigns run black newspapers impetus chicago race riot called loving army effective wartime undercover negro agents later loving tasked touring united_states inspect conditions race relations camps final report observed african american soldiers best treated effectively integrated military units white officers western united_states northeastern united_states held command recommended army white officers southern united_states permitted lead units black soldiers loving attacked army racial policies pertaining non commissioned officers noting assignment white officers colored units new departure history american army civil war days colored units carried colored officers white officers view light days shown practice carrying details men work return manila second retirement following end hostilities loving returned philippines resumed command years retiring second time moving wife oakland california oakland loving found success real estate speculation attitudes oakland time african american ownership property portions city problematic loving dress uniform drive light mistaken view property later career retirement loving took command renamed returning philippines personal invitation commissioned rank lieutenant colonel special advisor president philippines retired continued live manila according obituary chicago_tribune penned loving longtime friend col loving relationship known military circles later recall loving death sacrifice forget death walter detained japanese forces following surrender manila captivity loving composed resistance song beloved philippines released declining health advancing age loving arrested detained americans exact circumstances surrounding loving death unclear according manila defenses verge collapse advancing american filipino armies hotel prisoners ordered run beach japanese soldiers shot year old loving refused run declaring american die die like american beheaded article philippine newspaper columnist contends prisoners attempted escape loving body staircase prevent japanese troops pursuit death process account relayed story says loving shot retreating japanese troops mortally wounded battered park site performances died loving posthumously awarded presidential merit medal government philippines ceremony final composition performed loving recipient distinguished conduct star second highest military honor philippines philippine campaign medal given service philippine american war personal life loving married wife son walter godfather course life loving took interest politics supporting republican democratic candidates united_states presidential election loving requested patron introduce republican presidential candidate campaign sought volunteer declined letter explaining feel appropriate offer introduction political candidate letter expressed loving regret longer head largely creation loving campaigned isabella granddaughter congressional race arizona | Walter Loving | Warfare | Military people | Military people (G –M) |
14222_HaaneManahi | september march new_zealand soldier descent served second world war member born new_zealand worked volunteered service newly raised following outbreak second world war participated fought wounded recovering wounds returned fought nominated victoria_cross actions despite support generals nomination downgraded award distinguished conduct medal june returned new_zealand month completed required return active duty discharge employed traffic inspector killed car crash death representations tribe buckingham palace posthumous award representations ultimately unsuccessful period time war eventually received special citation bravery queen early life youngest son farm born september village shores lake new_zealand descent little scottish mother attended local schools area secondary school level leaving school worked road construction undertook farm work spent time timber building industries alongside uncle served contingent raised military duty world war second world war following outbreak second world war men enlist november newly formed battalion composed headquarters company rifle companies organised tribal lines assigned largely men period training battalion embarked middle_east second route convoy carrying second diverted england remain january engaged training defensive duties greece crete march battalion having spent months egypt arrived greece assist defence anticipated german invasion initially took defensive positions pass days following beginning invasion april rebuffed initial contact advancing germans battalion withdraw flanks allied positions threatened company battalion units abandon positions rest allies withdrew following days boarded transport ship crete crete allies dug expected airborne attack german positioned near town reserve tasked defence attack commenced returning trench having breakfast planes flew overhead fighting airfield wounded chest despite wounds remain company forced withdraw southwest following days eventually evacuated crete north_africa period returned normal routine training desert warfare constructing defensive positions box november rest 2nd division participated involved near constant fighting libya month captured german tank stuck company trenches early new withdrawn syria period rest garrison duty late attacked libya rushed syria dug encircled germans division forced breakout june withdrew positions suffering regular artillery dug await expected attack late august attack launched decided raid prisoners undertaken companies company successfully executed august month battalion taken line brief period rest returning second battle fourth stage battle company involved bayonet charge dug germans resisted previous attack battalion clear germans retreat allies pursued libya tunisia battle gap battalion won victoria_cross planning began push tunisia capital city achieved defensive line needed broken april 2nd division advanced mountainous country overlooking hill metres high held soldiers battalion german platoon village situated summit hill prominent tasked major general commander capture company main assault april companies flanks initial attack heavy gunfire enemy bennett ordered lance sergeant platoon men attack remainder linked platoon split sections command dawn began attack steep times near sheer slope successfully able italians defending capturing prisoners new dug prepared counterattack artillery mortar fire killed half platoon including commander left command attempts contact battalion having failed way locate reinforcements supplies ignoring officer advice abandon returned section ammunition platoon arrived consolidate position expected counterattack commenced successfully beaten having hours left section withdrew leaving platoon hold position despite reinforcements counterattack launched italian soldiers april new control lost ordered send reinforcements situation returned platoon recapture lost position artillery support attack successful midday new village summit remained hands italians later afternoon april led attacking party working party captured village took prisoners battle assisted recovery bodies dead comrades exploits quickly known division days actions nomination prepared commander battalion commander endorsed nomination generals montgomery alexander general commander chief likewise endorsed award considering evidence nomination reached london award downgraded likely lord immediate distinguished conduct medal duly july decision disappointment 2nd division reports men killed italians attempting surrender thought historians factor award official new_zealand history stated surrendering soldiers shot thrown cliff italian grenade thrown building wounded new reports emerged time killings alleged occurred reportedly dealing advance italian soldiers factor recent nomination weeks earlier subsequent nomination like battalion led perception easily awarded return new_zealand surrender axis forces tunisia left allies control north_africa withdrew base egypt announced personnel return new_zealand month original members selected shipped june return war later decided soldiers exempt active duty returning entered course began working carpenter war selected destined england celebrate commonwealth role war contingent participated london june fulfilled military obligations discharged august later life following discharge returned work force employed traffic inspector involved traveling keen involved swimming coaching golf fishing wife died moved away nearby coast spend time local branch evening march way home involved car crash received severe chest abdominal injuries rushed died later evening funeral held tribal meeting area home village attended members survived sons buried cemetery situation recommendation members alive bring attention meant interested changing situation following death established comrades lobby upgrade award committee lobbied new_zealand government representations buckingham palace posthumous grant queen father king ruled awards second world war ought new_zealand government reluctant formal approach took prime minister formally subject buckingham palace feedback indicated time events likely barrier awarding finally lodged claim supported new_zealand alleged failure new_zealand government consideration award constituted breach treaty required government act good faith grievances december tribunal reported breach treaty making formal conclusions recommendations tribunal suggested work new_zealand government making approach buckingham palace october dialogue buckingham palace new_zealand minister defence announced recognised presentation altar cloth personal letter queen acknowledging gallantry sword award presented prince andrew sons ceremony march sword later presented chief lieutenant general war club memory | Haane Manahi | Warfare | Military people | Military people (G –M) |
14303_YannisMakriyannis | general greek born greek merchant military officer politician author best known today memoirs starting humble origins joined greek struggle independence achieving rank general leading men notable victories following greek independence tumultuous public career playing prominent granting constitution kingdom greece later sentenced death pardoned despite important contributions political life early greek state general remembered memoirs aside source historical cultural information period work called monument modern greek literature written pure greek literary quality led nobel greatest masters prose biography early life born poor family village vicinity nickname acquired height father killed clash forces family forced flee spent childhood age seven given foster son wealthy man labour endured words death left stay acquaintance maintained close relations teenager involved trade according memoirs wealthy man property amounted according probably joined secret anti ottoman society march left supposedly business actual assignment inform local members state affairs native having met returned days revolution broke promptly arrested ottoman authorities placed arrest local fortress held captive days managed escape august took arms ottomans activity war independence command september took battle near battle sustained light leg injury days later took siege temporarily brought city greek control late left according memoirs fell seriously ill recovering march having spent recovery village near resumed military action assuming leadership band warriors villages vicinity fought alongside successful siege fortified considerable ottoman forces athens surrendered ottomans june appointed supervisor public order city executive authority january office took severe measures aimed stopping arbitrary oppression populace summer fought alongside eastern october led force fought alongside government rebels civil war actions conflict rewarded rank brigadier promoted lieutenant general august general late march invaded egyptian forces appointed head public order took defence fortress fell near arriving men june ordered construction makeshift fortifications gathering provisions soon arrived commander egyptian forces unable position despite numerical superiority launching fierce attacks june injured battle carried soon battle married daughter prominent activities linked city death athens captured june helped organise defence provisional commander garrison death commander managed repel fierce assault october defence sustained heavy times head neck wounds troubled remainder life dissuade taking phase war spring took battles battle activity greek independence governorship activity cease achievement greek independence governor arrived greece appointed general leader based period specifically february started writing memoirs military given rank brigadier slowly came oppose governor policies eventually broke opposed considered personal personal level concerned home region included liberated greek state influenced tried force governor accepting constitutional form government troops command success finally august government forced civil servants military personnel sign oath stating secret organizations loyal servants government commands considered tried author version oath instead accepted government consequently stripped positions opposition existing regime cease governor assassination october took fought governor brother successor condemn assassination strongest terms reign king prince bavaria chosen king greece arrival greek capital hailed enthusiastically attitude exemplified memoirs today long lost extinguished today raised dead fighters political religious military king come power god praised lord hopes new regime soon king named rule behalf months rule regency came conflict war minister attitude veterans war independence newly little place left irregular bands styled fighters formed backbone greek forces war considered exclusion newly formed army furthermore men left resources exclusion military found dire financial situation believed prime minister personally responsible problems faced newly formed state consequence briefly retired active politics municipalities instituted royal decree december elected city council athens city new capital capacity harshly criticised extent possible perceived royal administration voiced demand constitutional rule royal administration initially held high esteem given rank colonel king absence greece occasion marriage late early public discontent peak newspapers criticized severely politicians called removal capacity president athens city council proposed january adoption resolution handed king return requesting granting constitution long banquet attended fighters war independence health royal couple adding god rule constitutional laws accordance sacrifices immediately dissolved city council fired mayor placed house arrest period commissioned painter veteran war independence profits sales benefit veterans war demand constitutional liberties widespread discontent king administration situation escalated september revolution led granting constitution leaders movement played crucial paving way having started early granting played important forming new cabinet elected representative athens headed informal group representatives loyal personally proposed recommendations course proceedings soon conclusion assembly work retired politics leading role creation greek constitution depicted reverse greek commemorative coin issued anniversary historic document versions coin featuring leaders september movement features colonel minister later prime minister stopped working memoirs information rest life including trial comes sources outspoken views result stirred negative reactions opponents opposed perceived continued degradation veterans war independence repeatedly considered suspect plotting king furthermore king september movement summoned palace asked conspirators refused saying slave eventually accused planning overthrow establishments assassinate king april placed house arrest heavily guarded officer posted room march sentenced death called pre fabricated trial according prosecution brought false false evidence furthermore president tribunal personal enemy judges voted death sentence requested king extend royal sentence life imprisonment king spent months prison king reduced sentence later years finally pardoned released september thanks war blockade french british fleets led minister war despite previous attempts king newly acquired influence released suffered greatly prison release suffered condition improve death younger sons cholera epidemic struck athens october revolution broke led king country son future general reportedly presented father king golden crown restored ranks stripped result trial elected representative athens new promoted rank general april died april literary work assessment significance concluded work memoirs years imprisonment entries september october references events period text memoirs personal adventures long public career significantly views people situations events clearly published fragments earlier published newspaper noted slight holding firm opinion quoted called work kind masterpiece strong autonomous mind noted received basic education according testimony mastered writing shortly started writing memoirs stationed having ignored history hardly mentioned war independence renewed interest revolution offering significant personal testimony historical research despite initial interest newly published memoirs hardly cited years forgotten fighter author text written greek text heroic atmosphere war independence treasure house linguistic knowledge concerning common greek tongue time reputation revived german occupation greece published article general calling memoirs monument modern greek literature written pure greek years later greek nobel gave lecture saying times people seek find people clear stable appropriate speak people according greece stated greatest masters modern greek prose hundreds essays written subject memoirs fair chronicler overshadowed fighter good reason according noted fact man managed use speech achieve expressive density entirely unusual greek prose terrific impression people general questioned preface memoirs praises honesty contrasts lack straightforward clearly holds people come conflict uses language people like staying silent questionable deeds people favourable opinion according stem severity considered cause greece months completing memoirs new year eve started write history called interrupted abruptly late march house arrest text acquired finally published titled visions wonders according far historical significance memoirs events described given briefly excuse interpretation visions particularly insists according considered manuscript work mind reason publish work product physically mentally soul isolated age instead god saints shows deep religious feeling turns away guns instead seeking nation salvation divine intervention furthermore points work unique modern greek literature subject matter memoirs significant source linguistic cultural information works memoirs published athens wonders published athens | Yannis Makriyannis | Warfare | Military people | Military people (G –M) |
14439_EricHarrison(RAAFofficer) | raaf officer august september australian aviator country military flight helped lay royal_australian_air_force raaf born victoria flying instructor britain answered pilots form aviation school established australia air base point cook victoria inaugural training unit making historic flight march following outbreak world war went active service half flight harrison took charge instructing student pilots harrison transferred raaf founding members spent inter war period technical services air accident investigation promoted group captain retired air_force years later post director inspection transferred public service continued serve capacity civilian sudden death heart disease age end world war harrison technical abilities association military flying earliest days australia earned title father raaf years mantle assumed sir early career born august hill near victoria harrison son printer english born wife ann attended starting work motor mechanic keen fly time saw travelled britain march trained pilot months later having accumulated thirty minutes flight time qualified certificate australian gaining employment instructor bristol taught flying behalf company spain italy germany aware hand country students trained examined later served pilots world war december advertised united_kingdom competent establish flying corps training school solicitor employed bristol chief test pilot successfully applied commissioned lieutenant august withdrew application october harrison took place gaining commission december new salary little improvement earning britain harrison happy excuse return home selected victoria site army proposed march harrison remained britain temporarily ordering facility complement aircraft including initial training january pair established school instructors augmented mechanics staff harrison australia military flight sunday march followed second aircraft passenger june harrison married daughter future premier mary catholic_church world war personnel referred commenced course august weeks outbreak world war students included captain lieutenant harrison providing initial training solo standard advanced instruction september harrison given command flying unit accompanied australian naval military expeditionary force german new_guinea little way enemy resistance aircraft assembled country return leading australian airmen combat distinction instead went commander half flight following year active duty harrison took main responsibility providing basic flying training pilots squadrons formed australia overseas service students play prominent role future royal_australian_air_force raaf including having graduated new pilots end harrison able establish squadron designated australian squadron commonly known squadron inception officially january unit departed egypt march command lieutenant colonel nos squadrons formed point cook late operate france following advanced training england addition administrative duties harrison mechanical abilities use initiating building engines australia maintaining complement according harrison skill machines air appointed officer charge june temporary rank major permanent september disbanded december world war harrison began long association engineering air safety posted britain following end world war transferred flight lieutenant honorary squadron leader newly formed march founding officers prefix royal added service august year dissatisfied raaf rank considering leading position pre war central flying school harrison appealed greater result appointed air liaison officer london promotion substantive rank squadron leader returning australia appointed assistant director technical services soon helped form raaf following year receiving promotion wing commander july harrison position took country equipment investigating causes air crashes promoted group captain january took charge federal government resources committee aircraft engines motor transport number set investigate report readiness australian industry provide munitions defence event international conflict harrison returned britain study accident investigation methods aircraft production position director march saw retired raaf continuing role member court inquiry crash october airport low cloud killing fourteen passengers crew members inquiry report singled major finance member criticism cost cutting measures held trials safety designed according air_force historian appointed secretary november following year went way life difficult harrison causing bitterness friction department necessitating chief air staff air vice marshal stanley steps shield safety inspector new secretary harrison held position director inspection world war staff numbering reorganisation permitted qualified civilian engineers recruited work required increasing technical expertise having join air_force july year harrison proposed construction series test houses help chemical mechanical testing materials manufacture munitions previously result major improvement speed testing according official history australia war fuller use country scientific technical manpower harrison daughter joined women auxiliary australian air force end war ranked flight officer legacy september war ended harrison died suddenly disease home melbourne suburb brighton survived wife daughter cremated minister air commented members service australians interested aviation feel loss snapping links pioneer days flying original harrison ordered helped assemble later went display australian war memorial canberra despite accomplishments overseeing training student pilot served world war received decorations official recognition prompting group captain raaf history conference describe entire hero generally considered father raaf title eventually settled sir harrison early technical expertise long association australian military aviation founder member raaf personality tended contributions historian considered equally entitled reviewing contributions harrison volume concluded judgement achievement men properly belong raaf | Eric Harrison (RAAF officer) | Warfare | Military people | Military people (G –M) |
14594_FrederickE.Morgan | lieutenant general sir morgan february march senior officer british_army fought world wars best known chief staff commander original operation overlord graduate morgan commissioned second lieutenant world war served western artillery staff officer served long tours british_army india shortly outbreak second world war morgan promoted brigadier assumed command 1st armoured division led lieutenant general given command corps morgan headquarters designated force given task dealing german thrust spain gibraltar occurred march appointed chief staff commander designate directed planning operation overlord general commander chief staff morgan deputy chief staff war morgan served chief operations united nations relief rehabilitation administration germany position germany eliminated following publication record comments concerning incompetence corruption including resources support ambitions palestine morgan controller atomic energy present operation hurricane british atomic weapons tests position abolished creation remained early life morgan born kent february eldest son children timber wife née raised commenced education private school early age decided frederick british_army officer entered school noted connections played rugby cricket served officers training corps cadet sergeant lined route buckingham palace united_kingdom eventually rose rank second lieutenant morgan duly passed entrance examination entered morgan commissioned second lieutenant july joined volunteered service india january departed british india steam joining battery stationed world war following outbreak world war morgan battery departed western october 3rd division morgan suffered near miss german inch gun blew air buried shell hole evacuated hospital shell shock granted short sick leave england present news reached family brother killed action returning morgan aide camp brigadier general commander artillery remained western bulk division departed campaign took longer train artillery infantry divisional artillery acted turn artillery 2nd finally artillery sufficiently trained morgan staff captain february promoted temporary rank captain divisional artillery broken morgan posted 42nd east lancashire division staff captain august married daughter colonel thomas couple met board route india marriage produced daughters son days offensive served brigade major 42nd divisional artillery war twice mentioned dispatches july wars morgan volunteered year tour india joined forming training service later year brigade moved new station years morgan posted commanded divisional ammunition column accepted temporary staff posting deputy assistant adjutant general sir 1st division followed year headquarters lieutenant general sir northern command morgan helped plan direct large scale manoeuvres morgan returned england assumed command 22nd heavy battery equipped mixture inch guns inch guns pounders pounders responsible coastal defences captain morgan hoped career attend having narrowly passed entrance examination instead offered place requiring return trip india morgan classmates included graduation morgan posted field battery artillery staff officer headquarters brigadier major general india brought morgan delhi serve general staff officer grade morgan finally promoted major lieutenant colonel returning england morgan assumed command 4th deployed malta diplomatic crisis accompanied italian invasion served increasingly disturbed lack urgency government displayed face war morgan fellow staff officers felt inevitable imminent year promoted colonel general staff officer grade brigadier commanded brigade second world war morgan promoted brigadier assumed command 1st armoured division shipped france following outbreak second world war stripped field artillery regiments infantry battalions result morgan command included force territorial battalion process converting anti aircraft anti tank regiment armed anti tank guns group position normal role supporting division armoured brigades sent reinforce 51st highland division south river confused retreat captured remainder including morgan got away evacuated england subsequently reformed mobile reserve south eastern england tasked counter attacking invading german army given canadian infantry battalions purpose november morgan appointed brigadier general staff based norfolk morgan promoted major general given command devon static formation created coastal defence october assumed command 55th second line territorial formation promoted rank lieutenant general given command included lincolnshire yorkshire october year headquarters mobile formation redesignated corps placed lieutenant general morgan corps headquarters designated force given command 1st task dealing german thrust spain gibraltar operation proved unnecessary morgan divisions sent north_africa directed plan invasion time abandoned favour allied invasion sicily corps headquarters remained united_kingdom time located cumberland near headquarters mess marble arch corner house gained considerable experience operational planning morgan appointed commander order bath june january agreed establish staff plan operations north west europe envisaged supreme allied commander british usual practice commander chief staff decided appoint british officer role chief staff commander designate american deputy march morgan brigadier general american deputy initially morgan staff consisted aide driver car corps headquarters morgan established headquarters october clearly small needs called accommodation staff officers ranks november december staff moved structure originally fitted anti invasion base connected staff accommodated mall charged planning operations deception operation german forces pinned coast operation plan measures taken case sudden german collapse plan scale assault north western europe morgan staff worked overlord plan june half july presented july plan set forth detail conditions assault area landing feasible means continent developed july group staff headed travelled present overlord plan troop basis operation issues related civil affairs logistics aspects missions exchanged coordinate plans offensive action mediterranean north western europe october november morgan went washington discuss operation accompanied aide morgan met general instructed proceed planning basis marshall commander morgan chief staff morgan met president white house roosevelt turned morgan request services assist civil affairs cast doubt marshall spared commander united_states morgan visited battlefield training camps camp authorised morgan issue orders supreme allied commander commanders chief air naval land forces montgomery appointed commander chief land forces invasion december declared morgan original plans originally limited availability landing craft montgomery insisted require men attacking wider ultimately landing craft obtained invasion scaled montgomery satisfaction cost month delay reduction operation key features morgan plan remained choice normandy assault area use deployment american forces right british left use airborne troops cover flanks form operation appointed commander team absorbed brought chief staff moved headquarters park morgan offered command corps italy declined favour smith deputies responsibilities covered morgan coordinated work divisions absent morgan called occasion deal montgomery professional relationship deputy chief staff similar war montgomery brigade commander occasion morgan summoned smith office find white rage telephone receiver bloody marshal end smith explained talk campaign progressed morgan later wrote difficult british provide explanation continually called attitude behaviour british authorities exemplified chosen representative field senior british officers notably morgan remained loyal cast careers war montgomery chief imperial general staff war smith described morgan british alter ego man wouldn willingly morgan served role dissolved june appointed knight commander august recognition distinguished services connection invasion normandy united_states government awarded april services post war career september morgan chief operations united nations relief rehabilitation administration germany applied energy planning skills problem providing relief millions refugees displaced persons europe wake war frustrated united_nations organisation events british conflict palestine morgan feel conflicted role assisting jewish refugees regarded special victims nazis persecuted solely race supporting british policy british_army officer january created claiming press conference secret organisation attempting facilitate exodus jewish people europe new state palestine soviet encouragement later wrote able piece reasonably comprehensive picture way set promote campaign aggression palestine defiance prohibition british mandatory power reluctant employ decisive means organised command employing means forcing immigration country immigrants spontaneous enthusiasm cause project evidently russian actual support success elimination british authority vital area middle_east correspondent reported morgan casual observations based saw controversial remarks taken context expected morgan offer resignation attempt clarify position record failed morgan position germany eliminated director morgan statements caused press portrayed anti semitic morgan comments factual based military intelligence reported time time magazine observers berlin positive morgan sincerity know intention feeding fires anti semitic propaganda assistant secretary stated press finished sir frederick sum total effect lie disastrous evil lie brings question standards world closely integrated question asked standard truth journalism journalist dealing subject reports verbally story true overall effect false standards truth satisfied military background morgan appalled corruption political diversion member staff said serve outfit degradation description fact morgan wrote rejected service felt high honour morgan appointed colonel commandant succeeded lord portal position created january controller production atomic energy assumed responsibility nuclear weapons job title changed controller atomic energy written terms reference carried broad responsibility coordination aspects nuclear weapons production located controller direct access prime minister portal rarely exercised widely believed morgan words adequate task appointed mistake having confused namesake general sir greatly impressed prime minister army member united_states morgan relied heavily key subordinates sir role controller atomic energy morgan present operation hurricane british atomic weapons tests october position gradually reduced authority largely supplanted chaired lord abolished creation morgan nonetheless important figure push higher yield weapons pressed testing green bamboo boosted weapon operation mosaic resulted mosaic test series available time assembly subsequently taken christmas island deleted test series save money morgan instrumental putting case development bomb operational grounds morgan retired remained colonel commandant published memoirs entitled peace war soldier life died march | Frederick E. Morgan | Warfare | Military people | Military people (G –M) |
14858_EdwardMilford | major general december june australian_army officer fought second world wars born melbourne graduated commissioned lieutenant served field artillery 2nd division world war remaining military interwar period held number ordnance artillery australia england early years second world war served master general ordnance later commanded 5th 7th divisions new_guinea borneo campaigns accepted surrender japanese forces dutch borneo september retired army illness later found died age early life born immigrants england december melbourne attended encouraged entered military career world war following graduation commissioned lieutenant assigned serving initially middle_east posted western march held regimental staff positions wounded september time promoted major wounds evacuated england treatment recovery returned command 11th battery february recommended awarded mention despatches efforts controlling artillery support operations battle interwar period opted undertake training ordnance england war married time held number ordnance related england australia attended served time chairman dedicated hardware general stores clothing seven committees dedicated specific area defence resources reported time outbreak second world war director artillery army headquarters melbourne posted years second world war march assigned newly formed commander division artillery number officers appointed division traveled middle_east october destined spend weeks position recalled australia january post master general ordnance promoted temporary major general graduate reach rank general new appointment tasked private government manufacturers producers provide support australia soldiers home overseas involved committee investigating supply requirements services available resources development new weapons owen gun australian designed manufactured gun brought attention initially favoured use proved reliable owen new_guinea campaign commander based queensland intended operations landed elements division bay eastern tip new_guinea january began operations nearby island recently captured japanese small australian garrison present guard attempt enemy dummy buildings fortifications built japanese impression australian presence greater actually attempting retake island april japanese threat air strip construction late august 5th division moved replace participating campaign tasked continuing offensive operations japanese divert resources away nearby japanese base town neighbouring commenced attack capture september landing east town begin movement 5th division moved eventually fell australians september intended large base allied forces region lieutenant general inspected area immediately following capture deemed suitable instead herring directed establish base newly captured supervised construction roads supply depots november general staff officer recommended appointment commander order british empire leadership service borneo campaign july succeeded friend fellow classmate major general commander 7th division division resting australia withdrawal early new_guinea following campaign conducted aftermath capture early planning underway operation amphibious assault capture borneo originally designated operation april decided 7th division instead duly embarked staging post assault operation largest amphibious operation mounted australian military despite opposition american naval commanders providing support operation decided land forces southern suburb heavily defended suitable beaches landing troops landing hoped achieve tactical surprise anticipated fire support united_states navy help counter coastal defences japanese battle began july naval barrage landing area supported bombers royal_australian_air_force division landing relatively unopposed mid morning secure generals inspection area late stage war clear war soon end extensive use divisional artillery raised earlier spell division risk soldiers lives july secure japanese retreating borneo ordered halt offensive action instructed outlying forces hold position concluding successful operation war rapidly drawing close surrender august ordered accept surrender representative commander japanese forces numbered troops dutch borneo september observed surrender japanese military governor area vice admiral ceremony held aboard anchored coast dutch borneo later life remained commander 7th division occupation force march returned melbourne replacing major general deputy chief general staff march appointment adjutant general followed retired april ill health incorrect diagnosis cancer recommended appointment companion order bath leadership operation duly presented order died melbourne june survived son graduate | Edward Milford | Warfare | Military people | Military people (G –M) |
14993_JohnJervis,1stEarlofStVincent | 1st earl admiral fleet john 1st earl january march admiral royal_navy united_kingdom served half 18th century 19th active commander seven years war american war independence french revolutionary war napoleonic wars best known victory battle cape saint vincent earned titles patron recognised political military contemporaries fine administrator naval reformer commander chief mediterranean introduced series severe standing orders mutiny applied orders seamen officers alike policy controversial figure took system command took command channel_fleet lord admiralty introduced number reforms unpopular time navy efficient self sufficient introduced innovations including block making machinery known officers considered worthy reward swift harsh punishment felt deserved entry national biography describes contribution history importance lies victories creator equipped highly efficient fleets training school officers professional energetic devoted service early life born january second son father intended son follow bar young educated subsequently reverend academy london family pronounced originates norman early naval career age thirteen ran away joined navy london short time returned home heard family upset disappearance mother sir aware desire join navy lobbied family behalf eventually introduced family admiral agreed boy aboard ships january entered navy able aboard gun gloucester way jamaica arrival west_indies detached sloop saw constant service spanish quit west_indies discharged admiral flag captain rated july moved gun commented letter sister chief employ duty reading studying navigation old letters volume jamaica young drew funds father account local banker reply came england withdrawal honoured found debt forced quit mess live ship rations order pay loan event deeply affected young swore draw bill certainty paid paid november assigned gun december year end december february assigned mary navigational expert captain passed lieutenant examination january assigned sixth lieutenant rate guns march moved lieutenant gun nottingham nottingham fleet attempted prevent french reinforcements reaching march moved gun june promoted fourth lieutenant gun prince captain mediterranean captain promoted admiral followed gun november january promoted temporary command fought large french action captain experiment regained health moved june followed gun hms george returned england temporary command gun ship captured fleet battle followed admiral promoted command north american station promoted lieutenant hms prince quebec promotion captain fleet expedition capture french possessions north_america left england february stopped captured french previous year june ice saint lawrence river broken fleet military transports headed river assault promoted acting commander sloop command impressed general preparations led frigate halifax led armed transports past quebec land river biographer notes approach critical subsequently famous boarded ensure success mission efforts promoted commander took command returned england september immediately returned north_america command albany attached admiral sir channel squadron october post captain command gun board young later keith took command mediterranean departure captain east west indian trade westward successfully protected squadron end paid remained unemployed february appointed gun hms alarm warship royal_navy tasked delivering english merchants genoa time genoa turkish slaves escaped hid aboard alarm boats forcibly removed official protest promised retaliation handed slaves produced took custody march alarm driven ashore efforts crew local french authorities governor brought repaired personally returned letter thanks governor assistance alarm returned england collect duke gloucester king brother order winter italy lived aboard entourage alarm returned england paid russia october june travelled extensively began france studied language observations french life accompanied captain russia spent time saint_petersburg inspected arsenal took tour yacht designed sir catherine russia pair continued sweden denmark northern germany notes defences harbour charts safe came home netherlands making extensive studies area taking notes describing useful information took private cruise channel coast calling including brest making improving charts went later commander chief channel_fleet aided significantly blockade brest charts later years commented young captain performed complete survey port earl vincent able effect thorough blockade american war independence battle outbreak american war independence given command surveyed dockyard found unfit service appointed instead command ship brought england prize seventeen years earlier years war french supplied arms funding military advice informal limited basis newly emerging nation america signing treaty alliance creation franco american alliance war widened spent years war patrolling channel seeing significant action war reached placed command admiral channel fleet sighted french fleet intending enter brest july british fleet ships line chased french fleet ships engaged july known battle political aftermath provided defence admiral court martial helping secure capture remained attached channel_fleet short time acted flag captain admiral admiral british fleet relieved gibraltar admiral second relief gibraltar april old friend travelling companion ship admiral squadron sighted french convoy leaving brest squadron gave chase caught engaged french gun engagement hour struck wounded attack services invested knight bath relief gibraltar fleet took promoted commodore hoisted broad pennant gun december orders proceed west_indies peace negotiations orders rescinded struck pennant january marriage political office peace married cousin martha daughter lord chief baron sir returned began political career earnest voted parliamentary reforms elections stood election independent borough great returned alongside voted bills reform supported regency crisis september promoted rear admiral blue hoisted flag gun months tensions arising prussian invasion netherlands recalled service moved flag second rate prince sound crisis threatened war england spain promoted rear admiral white stood great stood instead seat returned alongside interest politics spoke rarely exclusively naval matters resigned seat stand political office proposed scheme alleviate financial seamen later withdrew proposal promised matter addressed napoleonic wars promoted vice admiral blue appointed command leeward_islands station took army combined navy formed joint military expedition goal expedition capture french colonies weaken france international trade army commander sir friend political ally hoisted flag hms took grey son captain later sir 1st flag captain combined forces captured french colonies martinique guadeloupe restored rule french counter attacked recaptured guadeloupe june grey landed force recapture island repulsed reinforced french garrison british expedition withdrew november admiral replaced disputes prize money widely held reason grey awarded service grey enemies proposed vote general admiral vote negative prize money capture islands finally calculated amounted officers men navy adjusted inflation equal approximately grey awarded thanks services april promoted vice admiral white promoted admiral blue june appointed command mediterranean_fleet unfortunately caught fire blown result accident lost possessions went command mediterranean fleet frigate lively took son captain flag captain took captain fleet arrival gibraltar took hms victory flagship subordinates began close blockade toulon nelson assigned task aiding austrian army italian coast september british presence mediterranean napoleon beaten britain austrian allies disarray october spain surrendered allied french recalled admiral aid blockade took ships instead abandoned september november withdrew forces gibraltar spanish fleet line battle ships seven frigates sailed toulon february fleet ships line patrolling subsequently joined sir spanish admiral taken ships atlantic weather storm making way fleets caught sight battle cape vincent british spanish fleet sighted dawn february british fleet line battle ships spanish ships quarter deck victory flag captain counted ships point discovered outnumbered nearly sail line sir john sir sail line sir john sir sail line sir john sir seven sail line sir sir die cast sail passenger aboard victory captain achieved brief notoriety admiral calling right sir john right god shall damned good battle nelson command hms captain wore line performed stunning feat capturing enemy vessels moments nelson crew boarded captured crossed deck boarded captured second collided smoke general melee battle later public press dubbed nelson patent bridge boarding rates spanish retreated press advantage consolidated victory began lengthy job repairing ships crews british suffered casualties killed wounded sir john mention nelson achievement initial admiralty despite nelson obvious contribution success battle later despatches mention nelson discussing battle flag captain sir robert mentioned awarded services brought issue nelson admiral orders having worn line battle order engage enemy saying certainly commit breach orders forgive despite capture vessels celebrated outstanding victory awards recognition far achievement bad news evacuation mediterranean capitulation spanish italian city states defeat austrian army alongside increasing threat french invasion britain depressed politicians general public victory important morale country military nelson hailed heroes baron songs written battle general feeling relief government people britain nelson services invested knight bath gifted pension life year presented freedom city gold box valued awarded nelson ceremonial sword presentation box sword currently held swords awarded nelson kind city london issued awarded thanks given gold medal king london gazette published advertisement prize money officers men fought battle sum quoted terms approximately admiral entitled share resumed blockade spanish fleet mutiny discipline considerable discontent seamen royal_navy discontent manifested greater channel_fleet rose officers overly violent officers ashore heads established order kept ships committee control collective demands met demands ranged discontent cruel officers poor pay long sea service shore leave navy year notably hms jamaica station resulted crews killing officers taking ships enemy held ports reputation place new system ensure men mediterranean fleet mutiny begin admiral wrote new set standing orders example divided seamen marines separately putting marines officers aft men forward created effective barrier officers potentially crews discouraged conversation irish ban ordered marine detachments morning band available god save king played marine detachment remain armed times marines soldiers duties regard general running ship order crews active ensure spanish perceive discontent fleet ordered nightly bombardment words divert animal admiral isolated ships opportunities men band mutiny ensure men command cared stock tobacco ran low admiral ensured supply renewed funds lisbon detained letters arriving england men fear carry communications set post office aboard flagship paris receive distribute letters arrived seamen marines officers strictly adhered articles war individual regulations written fleet dealt harshly renowned treating officers seamen harsh discipline example officer allowed boats crew fishing boat placed court martial ordered degraded rank manner having uniform stripped quarter deck ship unknown sic ship company disposed commander chief shall direct pay services board ship majesty service rendered incapable serving officer petty officer majesty ships later personally directed head shaved notice hung neck describing crime solely responsible cleaning head naval term communal toilets situated bow ship notice incident instructed men aboard hms george tried mutiny saturday executed sunday men duly executed admiral raised objection formal executions wrote demanding thompson removal accept resignation board relieved thompson july nelson wrote resolve supporting decision execute men sunday exceptionally kind felt situation occasion fleet men flagship ordered men swim sail lowered men senior able jumped wearing trousers pockets prize money pay saving years bank notes destroyed water man came aboard discovered happened began admiral saw man asked problem officers told went cabin returned crew mustered called man forward convicted sir appearance british oak tears defence receive deserve man told happened replied best men ship captain life saw man behave better battle victory action spanish fleet commander chief pass merit find money sir earl produced money presented surprised sailor tears mind tears sir nelson returned wrote lord admiralty assure arrival admiral nelson given new life sending presence mediterranean essential detached nelson pursue napoleon invasion egypt rear admiral sir senior nelson complained publicly considered personal slight ordered home requested court order opportunity clear board refused requested brought court martial board refused having supported subordinates later challenged admiral duel challenge public knowledge king ordered decline challenge formally declined wrote board inform withdrawn men aboard refused execute man behaviour captain earl threatened captain replacement boats rest fleet armed surround threatened sink ship orders carried man duly executed turned officer watching hanging yard arm said discipline preserved sir alongside suppression mutiny set task improving defences gibraltar including building new yard water tanks ships battle eye managed successfully repair fleet wife wrote having provided necessary tools nelson achieved victory zeal friendship meet brighter reward victory friend nelson commented fleet equal sir having great difficulty supplying fleet fresh water admiral arranged large tanks built gibraltar february created admiral white constant service approaching old age meant admiral increasingly despite failing health reluctant relinquish command board reluctant june choice resign command return england time ashore earl lived essex wife health improved given command channel_fleet comment king government require discipline demands consequence die afloat ashore die cast took command channel fleet april took close blockade brest brest transferred guns took sir captain fleet accompanied personal physician doctor later instrumental plans commander chief health channel fleet appointment popular officers channel fleet reputation strict followed mediterranean immediately issued orders banning officers captains sleeping ashore forbade travelling miles ship strict regulations introduced orders ships repaired possible sea official rendezvous channel fleet traditional wife captains said news appointment line glass wine choke ships forbidden specific written orders admiral admiralty command remained fleet respected officers men suffering hardships charts squadron brest able blockade incident squadron sighted french ships leaving brest sir captain gave chase rear admiral charge squadron recalled worried run aground french escaped letters went forth tired subordinate took entire offshore squadron sailed squadron shore proving ships shallow draught given chase captured french wrote rear admiral suggested strike flag return shore needed rest generous channel mediterranean particular letter england admiral host dinner aboard flagship officers felt closest dinner revealed letter near london run money support children sailors died service country captain lieutenant sum money added donation cutter sailed england evening gave skills administrator came play issued orders health fleet wrote commenting considered care sick wounded duties commander chief sea land based doctor advice admiral brought fresh vegetables vast quantities fresh lemon juice illness particularly effect dramatic hospital ship accompanied fleet sent home november fleet came anchor sixteen hospital cases estimated thousand men letter sir secretary admiralty described valuable man navy board oncoming winter forced admiral live ashore overlooking vice admiral sir took operational command fleet absence letter famous remark lords french come come sea replaced admiral new prime minister promoted lord admiralty lord admiralty january written short letter lord stating short radical sweep cure enormous attempted till peace lord intended investigate discover remove corruption considered plagued navy civilian administration consequently clashed civil administration royal_navy administered things navy yards stores saw boards individuals efforts navy peace france treaty signed march ordered begin investigation fraud corruption swiftly found investigations conducted effectively ordered commissioners retrieve logs accounts personal seal anticipation travelling yards conducting inspection investigation began earnest swiftly uncovered casual obvious abuses system men listed having work time acted night years break kind listed ashore sailors receiving pay work identical work charged periods different departments sections yard men entire department found old boys department appearance asylum rogue obtain meal means found minor dockyard officials tip far bigger corruption lobbied government create special commission inquiry power question suspects oath cabinet determined outcome inquiry damaging politically possibly cases personally gave board inquiry permission question suspects oath gave suspects right refuse answer questions removed ability inquiry act effectively way produced reports chatham chest pension fund seamen blocks naval money prize causes merchant seamen economy naval yards naval hospitals hospital ships french prisoners plymouth plymouth expenditure stores plymouth office treasurer navy issue purchase stores particularly masts fir biographers findings commission valuable british oak forests want axe frames building stocks want timber ships sea day constructed worthless materials reform reform achieve introduction block making machinery navy yard portsmouth machinery designed machines turning blocks year innovation meant thirty men able equal output skilled capital cost project recovered years revolution machinery enabled navy self sufficient regard production essential blocks self removed great deal corruption external contractors producing inferior goods sailors lives corruption arose poorly paid officials responsible awarding contracts bribes buildings housed remain day lord determined build plymouth lord commissioned civil engineer dockyard design work begin earl widely credited force construction spoke king contribution marines general service navy recommended king prefix royal added official discussions corps tenure workers royal demanded increase pay increase living costs reacted dismissing man taken active role strike eventually agreed small temporary purchase bread price bread remained high gaze passed aspect navy navy hospitals earl attempted sea claiming needed quiet fears little old ladies good men passed careers hearing shot fired doctor personal physician appointed sick inspector hospitals powers promote burden promotion lord admiralty inundated letters aspiring officers relatives friends employment positions influence navy common practice generally accepted method securing good posting influence officer draw better lucrative position peace france navy reduced employment scarce lord provide officer influence position obliged reject letters received despite having declared publicly privately officers promoted given position achievements based political social influence letters continued flow admiralty ways chose communicate depended number letters individual concerned demands respective earl portsmouth wrote possibly agree opinion person sitting quietly enjoying nearly war engaged promotion man exposed person constitution harsh peer realm lady rank influence wrote admit force argument favour captain unknown sic sister promotion brother apology necessary letter 24th lose time acknowledging famously commander lord captured gun spanish frigate gun sloop hms promotion usual reward feat skill fair argue expected commander friends family unfortunately ship carrying letter victory intercepted received captured french facing court martial loss ship court martial losing ship common practice time cases including cleared court promoted unfortunately commander thought lord deliberately withheld promotion held opinion rest life powerful friends relatives lobbied continuously behalf negative effect career possible irritated resignation lord detailed investigation corruption began caused extremely unpopular influential men involved money making schemes board inquiry set responsible 1st trial public funds enemy naval reform attack lord administration left office replaced prime minister lord second son friend sir came defence assistance moved vote thanks vincent efforts naval reform members parliament opened parliamentary debate condemning unprecedented neglect building repairing ships presided delivering navy successor far efficient state received motion rejected instead foreign secretary proposed vote thanks appears house conduct earl vincent late naval administration added additional character entitled house fox said appointment allow think easy possible find man community better suited capable high office fills distinguished person head admiralty mean earl vincent continued support earl time lord resumption command november promoted admiral red took command channel fleet gun rate tenure command spent time house rented village issued orders effective mediterranean previous channel command orders proved unpopular short time gave command channel fleet second command sir order travel portugal particular mission portugal threat invasion ordered necessary portuguese court colony brazil invasion portugal delayed recalled channel fleet sir led royal family safety brazil long suffered poor health change government led resignation april earl attempted promote merit patronage increasingly frustrated system social rank retirement audience king king asked navy better institution entrance replied stated thought nobility desirable navy gives sort consequence service present navy overrun younger branches nobility sons members parliament swallow patronage choke channel promotion son old officer services little chance getting continued promote son old officer noble land letter dated october lord good lord bring bill parliament officer rank rear admiral sit house_of_commons navy preserved little drunken worthless permitted hold language presence flag officers rank require man greater health possess command fleets presumably referring particular member parliament feelings subject remain clear final years retirement seldom took seat house_of_lords appearance final years gave charities organisations individuals donated wounded survivors relieve starvation ireland donated building jewish chapel london member house_of_lords opposed bill abolish slave trade motives appear practical humanitarian argued britain ban trade simply continued countries britain lose revenue generated weakened accordingly spoke opposition convention spoke condemned failure excluded failure officers men spoke defence lieutenant general sir retreat spain portugal condemned government army commanders failure support thoroughly wife martha died essex couple children winter went recover health france arrived toulon greeted admiral said father french honours honorary lieutenant general marines promoted general positions little carried official duties created title children passed nephew appointed thirty elder brothers elder brothers master form court honoured portugal awarded tower sword order commemorate safe arrival brazil napoleon invaded portugal promoted acting admiral fleet commander chief channel squadron confirmed admiral fleet july sent gold topped symbol office currently held collections january order bath order rearranged prince regent knight grand cross highest rank order death memorial died march children extinct nephew 2nd vincent changed surname honour uncle buried stone family request monument erected legacy ships stone frigates shore establishments named hms honour earl battle won commissioned class class battleship named vincent class battleships included class destroyer launched prior second world war named admiral hms served war known lucky ship despite taking actions lost man enemy fire hms bay armed merchant cruiser lost heroic circumstances indirectly named remembered schools england boarding house named honour england named admiral famous battle officers great age discovery areas world named earl honour gulf vincent south australia new south wales australia named town new south wales named honour british_columbia canada named historiography clearly strong impact napoleonic wars development navy surprisingly contemporary biographies available seriously lacking breadth recent work related english navy focused reforms docks parts life nelson dear lord portrait vincent points merely effort create biography says old oak life john life lord pointing mediocre published article mirror documented early life literature isbn life correspondence john earl admiral fleet life correspondence john earl admiral fleet terry nelson man legend isbn tom companion press isbn brian ship line volume isbn life nelson volume age nelson royal_navy viking adult isbn brian february plymouth history plymouth archived original retrieved february michael command sea naval command control sixteenth century president isbn great_britain volume tucker admiral right earl tucker admiral right earl brian true life naval legend conway maritime press isbn age sail design construction careers isbn empire | John Jervis, 1st Earl of St Vincent | Warfare | Military people | Military people (G –M) |
15298_RagnarGarrett | lieutenant general sir february november senior commander australian_army served chief general staff born western_australia graduated adjutant regiments australian light horse undertaking staff training england completed second world war broke joined soon commanded 31st battalion england seeing action australian brigades greece crete promoted colonel following year held senior staff positions corps new_guinea appointed commander order british empire staff work war served terms commandant appointments posted japan promoted major general general officer commanding august deputy chief general staff january took lieutenant general october appointed companion order bath march focused reorganisation initiating army short lived formation retiring military june honorary colonel principal australian died early life born february western_australia son swedish wife née attended entering graduated posted australian light horse lieutenant december served extra aide camp new governor south australia general sir appointed adjutant 23rd light horse regiment november november following year british_army spent months attached 2nd guards india return australia january adjutant 23rd light horse married nurse september adelaide suburb couple son daughter adjutant 9th light horse regiment south_australia february promoted captain november march posted adjutant 3rd light horse regiment south australia speaker mount april reported warning poor state australia war shall time war shall fighting homes thousands miles away shall fighting door prepare august year transferred 4th light horse regiment victoria adjutant posted staff melbourne march departed england november following year attend promoted major july returned australia outbreak second world war second world war joined november appointed brigade major 18th brigade brigadier january brigade departed middle_east owing military situation following diverted britain arriving june promoted lieutenant colonel september took command 31st battalion day handed battalion february departed england middle east saw active service 19th brigade greece crete returning australia promoted temporary colonel april senior operations officer 1st armoured division served garrison force case japanese invasion posted melbourne october director armoured fighting vehicles september appointed general staff officer grade operations corps lieutenant general sir new_guinea months later promoted temporary brigadier corps continued serve position corps redesignated april following month finally october campaign lieutenant general appointed commander order british empire skill direction supervision having prepared guided staff work meet requirement complete reorganisation forces new_guinea honour london gazette july responsible japanese peace envoy contact australians august present instrument surrender signed september november took command 8th brigade new_guinea oversaw brigade return australia prior disbandment march exceptional service field earned mention despatches march november post war career following month course appointed commandant victoria june posted japan march brigadier charge administration july size scope occupation declined considerably tour finished october approximately australians remained late compared october december resumed command promoted temporary major general appointed general officer commanding covered state western_australia august deputy chief general staff february december succeeded major general second military member promoted temporary lieutenant general october appointed covered victoria south australia tasmania april superior headquarters major formations including 4th artillery groups elevation lieutenant general permanent december appointed companion order bath queen birthday honours june succeeded lieutenant general sir chief general staff march raised knight commander order british empire new year honours army underwent significant change term march chaired meeting new canberra following melbourne august announced senior officers radical reorganisation army strengthen regular forces reduce reliance federation formed backbone australia military plan included abolition federal government agreed introduction divisional structure championed structure overcome saw weakness traditional battalion overseas deployments ensure compatibility army formations australian_army traditional triangular divisional structure infantry battalions brigade headquarters replaced organisation consisting larger battalions brigade layer division battalion headquarters plan opposed officers result disbandment citizens brigades old militia battalions new structure shrink units lose traditional ties local communities establishment new multi battalion state based regiments leading suspicions entire process designed demolish concerned changing army organisation upgrading equipment early 1960s army acquire rifle machine gun armoured personnel carrier new mortars radios advocated strongly army operate helicopters light aircraft eventually established july scheduled retire army birthday february government extended term retired june succeeded lieutenant general recommended post face opposition minister army attempted appoint retired officer proposed reorganisation army lines went ahead proved short lived army abandoned system june australian_army returned triangular formation following review commissioned successor lieutenant general sir october retirement retiring military principal australian private institution delivering courses senior business government personnel victoria year tenure lobbied conscription federal government brought new selective service scheme invited draw ballot names advocated army division ready war times served honorary colonel appointed chairman position held died november cremated wife died earlier survived children | Ragnar Garrett | Warfare | Military people | Military people (G –M) |
15411_HermannGraf | october november german luftwaffe world war fighter ace flying ace fighter ace military aviator credited shooting enemy aircraft aerial combat served eastern western fronts pilot aviation history claim aerial victories aerial combat encounters resulting destruction enemy aircraft claimed aerial victories combat missions eastern pre war football player pilot joined luftwaffe initially selected transport aviation posted 51st fighter wing outbreak war stationed german franco border flying uneventful patrols serving flight instructor stationed romania german military mission training romanian pilots flew ground support missions closing days german invasion crete following start operation german invasion soviet_union claimed aerial victory august awarded knight german des eastern victories january september number victories increased honored knight oak leaves swords diamonds des mit und time presentation germany highest military decoration september fighter pilot aviation history claim enemy aircraft shot national hero taken combat operations posted fighter pilot training school france tasked leadership high flying intercept unit called fighter wing november returned combat operations appointed wing commander 11th fighter wing claimed aerial victory march severely injured encounter period 52nd fighter wing remainder surrendered units united_states_army turned held soviet captivity war worked electronic sales manager died disease home town november early life born october grand far swiss border son farmer wife maria née children older brothers father fought world war artillery soldier awarded return home years old young main reference point life mother bond formed lasted remainder life inflation wiped family savings result early age learned work hard living childhood young boy fascinated football started football club literally german catholic sports organization dating later teens selected join group talented young football players trained forward german national football team later head coach german team winning world cup broken thumb ended early hopes career national football team graduated primary school age thirteen savings higher education lost inflation crisis option apply education years worked apprentice local factory low income received offer work apprentice clerk accepted change careers position helped jewish families escape switzerland time stamp german jews passport demanded germany neighboring countries took great personal risk came close getting caught assisted leader nazi club later erased bureaucratic traces left amateur pilot joining luftwaffe saw aircraft years old sight caused emotional conflict old passion football new obsession aviation worked town hall saving money buy 20th birthday contributed newly founded sunday nearby mountain fatal crash destroyed fall adolf_hitler treaty versailles applied flight training newly created luftwaffe accepted luftwaffe level pilot training school june following basic training flight training progressed levels referred flight training training included theoretical practical training navigation long distance flights landings graduating september joined school october courses included high altitude flights instrument flights night landings training handle aircraft difficult situations completed training december progressed training january completing course pilots selected fighter pilot training transferred fighter pilot school chosen bomber transport pilot training flight school age initially thought old fighter pilot training selected transport pilot school largely fact fighter force dire need new officers non commissioned officer training modern fighter aircraft transferred 2nd squadron 1st group 51st fighter wing bad completed officers candidate training equipped modern german fighter aircraft time flown modern fighter aircraft ended flight crash july briefly built giving opportunity flying skills self confidence world war world war europe began september german forces invaded poland day stationed french border promoted staff sergeant exchanged charged protection germany western border war phase months following britain france declaration war germany september preceding war flew combat sorties firing guns considered unreliable pilot january commander transferred training unit stationed newly trained fighter pilots received instruction pilots combat experience completion program resulted promotion second lieutenant met befriended fighter pilot time command olympic gold medalist commander spanish civil war october appointed iii 3rd group 52nd fighter wing influence personnel rotation luftwaffe transferred 9th squadron 52nd fighter wing october service romania invasion greece romania isolated threatened following non aggression pact signed germany soviet_union sought uphold neutrality soviet occupation romania regions king carol romania caused carol popularity fall gave opportunity rise power soon established dictatorship romania romania armed forces reorganized supported military mission germany called luftwaffe mission romania command lieutenant general stationed iii temporarily renamed 1st group 28th fighter wing december primary task train personnel trio joined later german airmen spent number days managed play football team played sport arena thirty thousand spectators relaxed life continued late romanian internal political situation deteriorated mainly nationalist led formed tense alliance brief bloody civil war january day civil war eventually won support german_army iii transferred greece support operation invasion crete unit flew ground attack missions time war soviet_union early june unit transferred romania june unit supported operation bases country august transferred forward airfields ukraine august claimed aerial victory escorting strike recorded victory second victory fell day official ace achieving fifth victory september victory achieved night local time vicinity moved forward soviet_union german advance late summer autumn flying air superiority missions battle september october accounted victories nos included finding stride accounted enemy aircraft november december increasing personal success aerial victories end period witnessed bitter aerial combat experienced opening phases siege remained unit operations ground halt stalemate january tally victories awarded knight german des february accounted 47th victim ground attack aircraft victory weeks seven months combat operations withdrawn sent leave germany march appointed squadron leader day accounted enemy aircraft end march reached aerial victories moved april support 11th army designed forces conducted amphibious landing region december tasked clearing skies limited forces achieved substantial success april ace day shooting enemy aircraft region followed seven seven campaign reaching climax ended complete victory germans allies days later day reached tally aerial victories ordered north immediately assist german air forces near soviets launched surprise offensive beginning second battle recorded air victories heavy air fighting credited 100th aerial victory 7th luftwaffe pilot achieve century mark awarded knight oak leaves des mit air victories days later score increased received knight mit und claims submitted brought personal tally time battle flew wolf hitler headquarters present day poland official swords presentation day following presentation sent home leave number public appearances return post claimed victory june august onwards supported south advances volunteered service leadership increased number aerial victories end august september shot enemy aircraft including september september aerial fighting fierce september claimed victory second pilot achieve mark aircraft suffered hits engagement barely escaped killed occasions september aircraft cabin hit cannon shell september plane hit time suffering bullet holes september anti aircraft artillery shot away half rudder relocated airfield flying achieved aerial victory september awarded knight oak leaves swords diamonds des mit und september fifth member receive distinction time frame days received grade knight cross available time day september claimed victories september victories september pilot aviation history claim enemy aircraft shot claimed victories day taking total unprecedented following received promotion major october time ordered fly operationally anymore concerned potential morale loss shot fighter pilot instructor january major sent southern france command fighter group east fighter pilot school newly trained fighter pilots destined eastern received final training experienced eastern pilots main base jean miles kilometers north atlantic coast spent time airport passion football later send pilots time selected aircraft personal use march summoned wolf hitler following allied aerial bombings hitler blamed luftwaffe inability protect german cities intensified allied bomber offensive particular german cities vulnerable multi use fighter bombers returned home having intercepted german defenses days attack met germany leading aircraft manufacturers march inability produce german aircraft capable competing withdrew came idea create intercept task force led ordered received instructions personally project directly asked required responded wanted appoint team approved request subsequently able old friends number good football players served administrators drivers mechanics southern france following meeting traveled berlin organize necessary personnel luftwaffe personnel office berlin took opportunity watch football match olympic stadium introduced young film actress flew berlin learned assignment delayed hitler assisted spanish civil war repeated efforts convince franco join war germany spanish fighter squadrons operated luftwaffe east german propaganda employed images interacting role supervision spanish voluntary fighter squadrons received weeks specialized fighter pilot training eastern june defense june arrived airfield began creation high altitude fighter unit based unit equipped high altitude variant equipped cockpit arrival aircraft delayed meantime focus football invited train team day visit encouraged use influence save germany best football players duty subsequently brought unit players like requested later captained west german world cup team transferred unit walter transfer difficult achieve submit request directly commander playing football recruiting pilots staff encountered actress unit received july aircraft managed reach altitude meters feet military success came quickly unit achieved aerial victory aircraft shortage prevented declare operational status parallel events based england escalated daylight offensive europe heavy engined bombers appeared northern germany january daytime attacks port wilhelmshaven number heavy bombers eighth air force surpassed mark tight flying combat box formations struck deeply german july ordered available intercept american bombers targeted july credited destruction flying fortress attacks unit consisting aircraft declared combat ready july football team red hunters ready played game august football team followed assignments remainder war august unit renamed 50th fighter wing expected equipped rocket fighter tested major test unit 16th test commando summer following visit test unit learned jet fighter returned optimism assignment shot enemy aircraft including flying fortress bombers june wing commander lieutenant colonel wing commander 1st fighter wing killed action october day officially remaining command appointed acting transferred subsequently appointed acting commander flew second raid october costly attackers heavy bombers destroyed german fighters anti aircraft fire price german fighters lost satisfied october major 11th fighter wing summoned meeting air base near rear observer journey flight nearly shot flight despite successes october meeting disbanded unit absorbed promoted colonel appointed wing commander november tasked defense despite officially banned flying operational missions managed aircraft months march shot confusion dog fight collided managed bail injured spend time hospital leave married german actress june wing commander following appointed old unit general der general fighters based southern poland time men gave welcome celebration september german forces retreat time opportunity air combat order general ordered fly british sector avoid capture russians rest wing surrendered soviets fellow pilots ground personnel marched bavaria surrendered unit near prisoner war prisoner war personnel handed americans soviets shortly surrender having famous nazi propaganda machine commander singled attention soviets december moved prisoner war camp prisoner war camp moved war camp near frankfurt released captivity december relatively early release perceived caused operation soviet captors fellow pilots criticized especially following 1950s book fellow fighter ace soviet entitled speak truth die led exclusion post war luftwaffe associations later life initially hard time obtaining work relationships football community helped introduced electronics manufacturer president football club employed salesman company eventually advanced branch leader chief sales marriage collapsed divorced remarried twice marriage resulted birth son daughter diagnosed disease condition affected high altitude slow deteriorating effect health died hometown november aerial victory credits credited aerial victories claimed combat missions western included engined bombers eastern ace indicates aerial victories ace day term fighter pilot shot single day indicates separation shot severely damaged heavy bomber forced separate combat box counted aerial victory awards der luftwaffe december combined pilots observation badge gold diamonds romanian pilots badge shield romanian knight order crown 2nd class august 1st class august flying luftwaffe fighter pilots gold bronze silver august gold november gold april oak leaves swords diamonds knight cross january reserves pilot oak leaves reserves 11th swords reserves 5th diamonds september reserves mentioned times dates rank biography | Hermann Graf | Warfare | Military people | Military people (G –M) |
15799_WernerHartenstein | february march commanded boat nazi_germany kriegsmarine world war received knight decoration awarded recognise extreme battlefield bravery outstanding military leadership corvette captain credited sinking ships total gross register tons grt damaging ships destroyer born joined navy period training surface vessels service torpedo boats spanish civil war year world war transferred boat service september torpedoed sank attempted rescue survivors forced rescue boat came attack bomber event known incident resulted order order der entire german boat force forbade rescuing survivors sunken ships entire crew killed action depth charges aircraft march early life pre war service born state february second child export merchant née older sister younger sister charlotte celebrated confirmation graduated oriented secondary school diploma graduation applied naval officer rejected instead studied april aged applied accepted began naval career april member crew incoming class underwent basic military training 2nd department standing ship division baltic_sea april june transferred training ship july october attaining rank october following month stay board cruiser october january advanced rank officer cadet january time command boat commander world war underwent number officer training courses including navigational training cruises survey vessel transferring light cruiser october september stay occasionally interrupted attend training courses wilhelmshaven assignment january leadership adolf_hitler came power germany began navy renamed kriegsmarine served watch officer torpedo boat september november promoted captain lieutenant june participated patrols board spanish waters spanish civil war services awarded bronze june world war outbreak world war continued serve torpedo boats position completed patrols north_sea norwegian waters english channel half years war took command torpedo boat november october transferred switched command torpedo boat jaguar took command march command jaguar given transferred boat force september given command type boat service torpedo boats awarded gold february personally pinned award leather jacket march assigned 4th boat flotilla stettin training boat transferred 2nd boat france december patrol patrol december january uneventful transfer patrol taking passing joined convoy received aerial protection fighter aircraft split reached passing south bypassing slowly approached weather released january january received radio message evening january ordering proceed high speed arrived january second patrol second patrol january march commanded group new land attack february attacking oil command command departed protection early morning january orders conduct simultaneous surprise attack shipping traffic included submarines command command february observing area days came target flat british owned surfaced nmi offshore attacked british anchor fired torpedo bow tubes torpedo attack successful hit amidships loaded crude oil steamer immediately burst flames killing crewmen wounding captain began lift anchor steam away late hit second torpedo fired burst flames sunk hour later water crewmen killed attacked owned tanker arkansas torpedoes struck arkansas partially sank damage moderate caused casualties commander steamed directed men deck guns prepare naval bombardment large oil tank crew naval gun forgot remove barrel ordered fire gun blew gunnery officer von borne wounded badly foot having severed trigger man badly wounded died hours attack ordered gun continue attack causing superficial damage patrol patrol april july sank ships damaged including uss achievement earned reference june armed forces report information bulletin issued headquarters singled individually way honour equivalent mentioned despatches united_kingdom military entered orders decorations section soldier departed protection april destined caribbean_sea prior departure von borne severely wounded second patrol replaced reserve chief engineer reported diesel command assist exchanged cubic metres fuel oil necessary spare parts fuel repaired sighted steamer early afternoon ships warship attacked patrol sunk positioned near ordered observe traffic martinique roughly nautical miles offshore detected ship attacked submerged position firing torpedoes torpedo struck bow second run time observed bow completely blown away engines kept running waters martinique extremely shallow decided pursue destroyer june promoted corvette captain watch officer paul left returning patrol replaced new watch officer later commander entire crew received hero welcome people july people lined streets crew marched railway station official welcome reception fourth patrol incident fourth patrol august november sank organised rescue survivors resulting incident order command departed august heading received order operate convoy august day pursuit found west attacked submerged position avoid detection bright hit torpedoes sank killing members crew gunners sailors survived sinking later sightings september lead favourable attack positions september patrolling coast west_africa midway roughly nautical miles south aft port sighted smoke stack degrees followed target knots mph general direction large ocean liner evident running knots mph favourable attack position ordered attack slowed speed ordered surfaced shots torpedo tubes iii minutes seconds torpedo detonated second hoped capture ship senior officers surprise saw thousand people struggling water immediately began rescue operations sank september der commander boats requesting guidance confirmation proceed responded ordering wolf pack consisting command command command assist immediately ordered following message sent ship assist ship wrecked crew attack providing attacked ship air forces picked men south west german submarine message repeated twice international later changed order slightly italian submarine dispatched parallel assisting supplying survivors numerous kept arriving picked arrived september followed afternoon september heading rendezvous french ships red_cross banners boats attacked bomber lieutenant september attack ordered captain killed number people damaged forced abandon rescue operations majority survivors later rescued british merchant ships french warships cruiser sloop africa event later known incident led admiral issue order boat commanders stated attempt kind rescuing members ships sunk end war unsuccessfully admiral war crime trial prosecution failed fleet admiral testified war japan united_states_navy followed general policy set forth german admiral directive received radio message september indicating 63rd member boat service kriegsmarine awarded germany highest military honour knight issued bottle beer member crew held speech achievements board telling wear decoration september roughly nautical miles south crew repairing minor damage spotted ship target british ship route cape_town attacked submerged position hit torpedo fired tube surfaced approached asked survivors ship sink easily fired rounds gun seven shots gun ordered cease fire direct hit ship stern ammunition magazine explosion slowly sank according member crew sure survivors water provisions captain exact coordinates account attack impression humanitarian actions documented book enemy killed friend jones stating concerned survivors provisions offer additional food water express wish tow distance african coast explained able recently attacked attempting aid survivors fifth patrol death fifth patrol january march march entire crew killed action depth charges aircraft east barbados dropped water bombs altitude feet feet bombs observed hit water feet feet starboard aft lifting breaking followed explosion survivors seen swimming water americans dropped rubber rations men seen reach uss dispatched trinidad rescue survivors search abandoned march chief 2nd boat sent letter parents april indicating son posted missing action march officials announced destruction boat months death service remembrance held january service attended parents sisters members family mayor senior officials local press reported parents accepted loving son return home resting peace lord portrayed german actor mini series sinking summary career ships attacked boat commander credited sinking ships including motor boat board total gross register tons grt damaging ships grt damaging warship metric tons long tons short tons awards bronze june return commemorative medal october 2nd class november 1st class april return commemorative medal october november destroyer war badge december gold february torpedo boat boat war badge march knight september commander june promotions translation notes | Werner Hartenstein | Warfare | Military people | Military people (G –M) |
15940_JosephMaxwell | february july australian recipient victoria_cross highest decoration gallantry face enemy awarded members british commonwealth armed forces described australia second decorated soldier world war enlisted february served gallipoli transferred western months commissioned decorated times bravery apprentice war returned australia worked published hell book written collaboration war experiences attempting enlist service second world war rejected grounds age enlisting alias queensland identity discovered short period training position sought discharge aged died heart attack early life born sydney suburb new south wales february wife elizabeth née member years worked apprentice engineering works near newcastle leaving school years served member february enlisted prospects better pay world war training february western having received initial training allotted company 18th battalion lance corporal embarked egypt aboard 18th battalion trained egypt mid june mid august proceeding gallipoli landed august battalion fought battle day staging attack turkish held hill engagement lasted august half battalion casualties briefly assuming duties bearer served gallipoli unit december admitted 5th field ambulance evacuated peninsula suffering admitted remained december posted camp rejoined 18th battalion january evacuated december previous year posted egypt february admitted disease returned battalion days embarked france western march arriving france admitted 7th australian field ambulance transferred 3rd following wounds sustained battle moved 1st depot discharged base details days later later found guilty breaking ranks parade day absent leave reduced ranks rejoining battalion june took received promotion sergeant october suffering right knee hospitalised days posted training battalion england november stayed months embarking france rejoining 18th battalion days later briefly france selected officer training shortly arriving england attended party group soldiers military police raided party called local police assistance confronting group fined sent unit actions western august selected officer training july posted officers cadet battalion promoted company sergeant major august rejoining 18th battalion september days later engaged action near performed deeds earned distinguished conduct medal battle commander platoon killed took command led attack noticing newly captured positions heavy fire led men safer secure position casualties commissioned field second lieutenant september took engagements belgium following month earned promotion lieutenant january admitted 7th australian field ambulance january suffering having discharged hospital rejoined 18th battalion january march commanded scouting patrol operating east having obtained required information ordered patrol withdraw men covering withdrawal main body noticed thirty germans nearby recalling patrol led attack party sheltered old trench germans quickly withdrew leaving dead wounded prisoner war awarded actions engagement news published supplement london gazette spring 18th battalion involved operations repel german offensive took actions granted leave went england july returned france rejoined 18th battalion august taking earn bar military cross august battalion preparing attack near took command company officers casualties leadership company able attack time despite subjected heavy fire tank preceded advance immediately object enemy fire knocked gun close proximity rushed opened hatch allowing crew escape escorting tank commander safety returned lead company attack succeeded reaching consolidating objective award bar published supplement london gazette february victoria_cross october august october 5th brigade 18th battalion engaged battle world war line close taking battle member attacking party line performed acts awarded victoria_cross early advance company commander severely wounded resulting assuming control reaching german defences intense machine gun fire company suffered heavy casualties including officers pushing forward narrow wire captured dangerous machine gun killed germans took prisoners enabling company wire reach objective shortly noticed company left flank held failing advance gathering party men led group attempt attack german force rear soon came heavy machine gun fire single forward attacked foremost gun firing revolver managed shoot crew silence gun later advance learnt english speaking prisoner group germans adjacent post wished surrender afraid accompanied prisoner act interpreter approached post australians immediately surrounded group german soldiers disarmed set prisoners artillery barrage fell position taking advantage resulting confusion pulled concealed revolver shot germans escaping men heavy rifle fire subsequently wounded organising party men immediately attacked captured post citation victoria_cross appeared supplement london gazette january read 6th january majesty king pleased approve award victoria_cross officers 18th conspicuous bravery leadership attack line near estates 3rd october company commander severely wounded early advance took charge enemy wire reached intense fire found exceptionally strong closely supported machine guns pushed forward single handed wire captured dangerous gun killing capturing enemy enabled company penetrate wire reach objective later forward single handed gun holding flank company subsequently men attempted capture strong party enemy handled involved situation resource comrades escaped day set high example personal bravery coupled excellent judgment quick decision training away armistice declared november march invested victoria cross king george ballroom buckingham palace headed australia aboard melbourne june proceeding sydney discharged august later life following worked canberra district having described reporter married year old unrelated catholic ceremony hill sydney february marriage produced daughter jean dissolved november attended recipients victoria_cross sydney saw publication hell book written collaboration experiences war time working canberra book success soon spent money late 1930s wrote manuscript second book entitled line book published manuscript lost lent read acted defence witness trial accused platoon commander testified good character strongly affected war outbreak second world war attempts enlist unsuccessful age deteriorating health eventually travelled queensland enlisted alias june identity soon discovered given training position dissatisfied took discharge september joined contingent victoria_cross recipients invited coronation queen elizabeth_ii march describing journalist married widow née burton sydney years later attended victoria_cross centenary celebrations london later visiting france wife attended opening corner australian war memorial canberra determined victoria cross wind collection believing award july collapsed died heart attack street home town new_south_wales invalid time funeral service took place military honours having cremated ashes interred presented husband medals victoria barracks subsequently medals portrait brass copy citation unveiled minister defence medals presented australian war memorial permanent loan basis | Joseph Maxwell | Warfare | Military people | Military people (G –M) |
15974_ManueltheArmenian | armenian armenian prominent byzantine general armenian origin active circa death reaching highest military ranks palace conspiracy forced seek refuge court returned byzantine service year receiving position married niece remained post reign reportedly saved emperor life according report died july wounds received battle sources record survival past date major role regency governed empire death report died time biography armenian origin brother father future byzantine empress appears reign ruled held post head imperial stables time young probably twenties urged michael confront following michael deposition leo promoted rank entrusted post theme post senior byzantine_empire thematic governors leo held office prior accession according historians early year leo appointed exceptional post single general land themes asia minor unusual concentration command authority apparently directed effective suppression resistance leo military purposes appointment likely primary source according editors der according history time responsible negotiations refugees leader baptized byzantine service michael chronology episode confused doubtful accuracy career leo successor unclear mentioned sources period certainly time outbreak great rebellion thomas joined rebellion evidently remained loyal michael probably raised rank editors der suggest recalled michael constantinople especially marriage michael son heir niece took place suggested suggested escape time according followed der shortly according accepted death michael accession defected result court foreign minister accused new emperor plotting seize throne carriages imperial post crossed asia minor offered services condition forced convert islam according 13th century historian great joy gave daily salary silver continually presented gifts turn hesitant believe accusations eventually convinced chamberlain general innocence resolved return sent baghdad diplomatic mission winter ostensibly order announce accession john able private offered emperor pardon accept time remained publicly loyal allegiance summer participated expedition rebels alongside contingent byzantine captives campaign nominally led son likely according experienced actual commander arabic sources record commanded army arabs winning modest successes army turned south apparently won confidence arab suggested army raid mountains byzantine captives escort took arms escaped companions left allowed return territory domestic schools open arms named domestic schools commander elite facto commander chief entire army remain leading general remainder reign furthermore uncle wife empress position court shown fact emperor later served godfather children sources report governor inner regions empire accompanied expedition raid arabs byzantines caught arabs near fort inflicted heavy defeat killing taking seven thousand prisoner recorded accompanying great expedition arab cities northern led sack campaign atrocities committed byzantines troops fall provoked large scale campaign accompanied emperor senior general commander large corps composed refugees participated disastrous july confronted army general battle imperial army broke fled surrounded arabs hill reportedly began planning surrender emperor arabs seized emperor horse forcibly led away officers managed break arab lines brought safety nearby village battle received heavy wounds according chronicle died days later july buried palace constantinople lay near monastery named traditionally identified possible life chronicles following report survived wounds allegedly cured behest monks sources report death appointed member regency council infant new emperor refused position emperor populace acclaimed writers report played important role restoration icons falling accused retiring public life estates according sources late saved emperor life battle died shortly traditional scholarship largely accepted account modern historians expressed doubts highlight narrative later invention possibly carried monks saint tried past considers reliable dismissed reports survival invented modern scholars continue support possibility continued life especially given existence seal dated century names imperial emperor confirm survival early years reign reported role member regency stories activities particular role restoration icons alleged second battle clearly inspired events regarded certainly fictitious story death downfall reliable probably place | Manuel the Armenian | Warfare | Military people | Military people (G –M) |
16222_GeorgeS.Greene | january civil engineer union general american civil war family rhode_island record distinguished military service united_states served army graduating second class west_point civilian founder responsible numerous railroads construction projects northeastern united_states years civilian rejoined army fight american civil war despite age quickly rose ranks appointed brigadier general early war took notable contribution war defense union right flank battle returned engineering work war death early life born rhode_island children family roots founding rhode_island american revolutionary war including general george second cousin financially ship owner merchant act prohibited vessels carrying goods countries war left family financial difficulties young george attended latin grammar school providence hoped attend impoverished father afford moved new_york_city found work dry goods store pearl street new_york store met superintendent recommended secretary war appointment academy entered west_point age graduated second cadets class classmates included future union adjutant general graduates academy generally chose engineers branch decided artillery commissioned second lieutenant 3rd artillery regiment excellent academic performance stayed academy assistant professor mathematics principal assistant professor engineering students taught period summer married sister best friend west_point elizabeth gave birth children years assigned maine tragedy struck family elizabeth children died seven months probably tuberculosis ease pain mind escape isolation loneliness peacetime army garrison duty immersed study law medicine coming close professional certification time resigned commission civil engineer built railroads states designed municipal sewage water systems washington detroit cities new_york_city designed reservoir enlarged high bridge founders new_york_city trip maine railroad surveying met daughter prominent massachusetts politician married massachusetts february children including sons later served military daughter son died infancy civil war despite years old having army years crisis union compelled seek rejoin service essentially abolitionist firm believer restoring union appointed colonel 60th new york volunteer infantry january regiment upstate new dissatisfied colonel company commanders petitioned removal governor initially reluctant appoint age saw years regular army experience solution political military problem period governor massachusetts prepared offer regiment chose serve new_york officers 60th dismayed elderly gray haired man reported duty requested lieutenant colonel promoted raised rank april appointed brigadier general volunteers served staff campaign age oldest generals union army troops took calling old man actually general officers civil war older age aggressive commanders army commanded attacked confederate force times size men refused ground holding neighboring union units forced withdraw division commander brig received severe wound action took command division temporarily temporarily elevated command division designated battle division brigades led junior officers survived commander brig killed shortly fighting began led crushing attack near achieving penetration lines union unit immense pressure held small division men engaged start day advance rest army hours eventually withdrew suffering heavy losses division posted took week sick leave speculated like fellow officers dead wounded returned new division commander brig days selected post wounded cedar mountain combat record good political connections sentiment wounded officer set career gave nod resumed command involved minor skirmishes northern virginia engaged battle december brigade center line union right collapsed brigade subjected artillery fire infantry assaults ordered men positions yards trenches able hold confederate assaults losing men engaged battle assumed temporary command division wounded battle highlight military career july shifted entire union right strengthen left flank heavy attack lone brigade new regiments left defend half mile line entire confederate division attacked fortunately previously demonstrated good sense civil engineer insisting troops construct strong field fortifications despite lack interest division commander corps commander finest moment war preparations proved decisive brigade held multiple attacks hours active entire engagement rallying men defend positions darkness brig acting corps commander july commended skill judgment defense especially advantages position late night rest returned fighting resumed morning seven hours union troops held regained lost ground thwarted renewed confederate attacks battle included oldest generals army brig smith desperate fighting union right flank important famous defense union left flank july col brigade fact given union line yards vital union supply line argued important contribution critical battle widely heralded principally dispute filing official reports member brigade wrote built thin line unprotected brigade line swept away like leaves wind oncoming heavy mass troops baltimore pike reached enemy fall transferred west reinforce union forces besieged battle surprise night attack confederate forces wounded face jaw crushed teeth carried away subsequent surgery able correct condition suffered effects wound rest life weeks medical leave assigned light court martial duty january sent join army north_carolina initially voluntarily served staff participating battle horse shot end war command participated capture pursuit army surrender career war served court martial duty year returned civil engineering new_york washington chief engineer commissioner new_york age inspected entire mile structure foot served president president appointed west_point oldest surviving union general oldest living graduate west_point petitioned united_states congress engineer captain pension help family death best congress willing arranged congressman veteran new_york lieutenant pension based highest rank achieved regular army august took oath office lieutenant artillery oldest lieutenant hours veterans united_states declared oldest lieutenant world history legacy died age new_jersey buried family cemetery rhode_island ton boulder placed grave statue erected wife martha died age oldest son lieutenant executive officer ironclad ship uss monitor sons commanded brigade battle manila spanish american war lieutenant father staff later charles wounded artillery shell leg remained active service volunteered serve allowed father survive carry family memorial tablet honoring approved sum dollars bronze plaque hangs inside south entrance island state house description sums general west_point graduate years old thick set feet inches high dark iron gray hair gray beard manner stern appearance excellent officer rough exterior possessing kind heart end men learned love respect beginning feared saying good deal subject knew drill command hour care command men respected accordingly | George S. Greene | Warfare | Military people | Military people (G –M) |
16264_ErichvonManstein | known november june german commander nazi_germany armed forces second world war attained rank field marshal born aristocratic prussian family long history military service joined army young age saw service western eastern world war rose rank captain end war active inter war period helping germany rebuild armed forces september invasion poland beginning second world war serving chief staff von adolf_hitler chose strategy invasion france plan later refined members anticipating firm allied reaction main thrust invasion place netherlands devised innovative tactic later known cut called attack woods rapid drive english channel cutting french allied armies belgium flanders attaining rank general end campaign active invasion soviet_union june siege promoted field marshal july participated siege germany fortunes war began unfavourable turn later especially catastrophic commanded failed relief effort operation winter storm december later known blow february march regained substantial territory resulted destruction soviet armies retreat primary commanders battle july august largest tank battles history ongoing disagreements hitler conduct war led dismissal march obtained command taken prisoner british august months germany defeat gave testimony main trials war criminals august prepared paper later memoirs helped contribute myth clean myth german armed forces atrocities holocaust tried hamburg war crimes convicted seventeen counts including poor treatment prisoners war failing protect civilian lives sphere operations sentence eighteen years prison later reduced served years released military advisor west german government mid-1950s helped establish armed forces successful memoir translated english lost victories highly critical hitler leadership dealt military aspects war ignoring political ethical contexts died munich early life born berlin tenth son prussian artillery general father family ancestry entitled use coat arms younger sister married lieutenant general couple unable children adopted previously adopted cousin martha daughter deceased brother biological adoptive fathers prussian generals mother brother led corps franco prussian war sixteen relatives family military officers rose rank general future president germany uncle wife sister attended catholic gymnasium march years cadet corps commissioned garde ensign promoted lieutenant january october began year officer training programme prussian war academy completed year programme world war began august students academy ordered report active service completed remainder general staff officer training early military career world war world war served german western beginning war promoted lieutenant participated invasion belgium 2nd august took capture site massive citadel surrounded outlying forts september unit transferred attached commanded seeing action battle lakes unit soon reassigned process advancing warsaw forced withdraw face russian counterattack november wounded retreat detachment stormed russian shot left shoulder left knee bullet hit nerve causing leg recovery took months hospital period home leave june reassigned assistant general staff officer operations commanded soon promoted captain learned hand plan conduct offensive operations undertook successful attacks poland lithuania montenegro albania offensive operations early stationed staff new headquarters near action served staff supply officer general chief staff command post near area scene battles course war british french operations july november forced german withdrawal winter series defensive positions lens continued serve october transferred chief staff serving german occupation area result signing treaty brest march unit longer needed eastern reassigned near saw minor successes area beginning lose war armistice signed november inter war era married daughter landowner proposed marriage having known days died children daughter born sons born born died battlefield northern sector eastern october serving lieutenant married major highly decorated officer commanded regiment second world war remained armed forces war ended volunteered staff position served participated restructuring men army restricted men versailles treaty recognised early age talented intelligent commander chosen officers permitted treaty appointed company commander sixth company 5th served staff officer teaching military history tactics year promoted major served berlin visiting countries learn military facilities helping draft plans army promoted lieutenant colonel given command light infantry battalion serving unit seized power germany ending period violation versailles treaty secretly 1920s new government formally renounced treaty proceeded large scale expansion military moved berlin colonel february serving chief staff july appointed head army general staff army high command tenure people responsible development fall case red defensive plan protect germany attack france period came contact advocated drastic changes warfare role officers like chief army general staff drastic changes proposed alternative development self propelled assault guns provide heavy direct fire support infantry world war resulting vehicles proved successful cost effective german weapons promoted major general october deputy chief staff general february transferred command 18th rank transfer meant receive post chief army general staff august resigned spite felt hitler intended invasion czechoslovakia october premature position given general taken post deputy chief staff incident created lasting hatred men april delivered speech celebration hitler 50th birthday praised hitler leader sent god save germany warned hostile world kept germany block way german people future happy world world war israeli historian notes rise officers tendency officers usually ardent come fore opinion fully integrated separate organisation independent nazi regime second world war poland august preparation case white german invasion poland appointed chief staff von worked chief operations colonel develop operational plan accepted plan calling concentration majority army group armoured units 10th army objective decisive breakthrough lead polish forces west plan armies comprising 14th army provide flank support armoured thrust warsaw polish capital privately lukewarm polish campaign thinking better poland germany soviet_union worried allied attack west polish campaign underway draw germany war took conference august hitler commanders need physical destruction poland nation war state memoirs recognise time meeting hitler going pursue policy poles aware policy later generals received reports activities death squads tasked following army poland kill intellectuals civilians squads assigned round jews relocation nazi concentration camps later faced charges war crimes relating jewish civilian deaths sectors control deaths prisoners war launched september invasion began successfully area responsibility 8th 10th 14th armies pursued retreating poles initial plan 8th army northernmost advance 10th army divisions quickly 14th army advance attempt polish troops area actions led defeat polish forces area september german corps attack north elements fourth eighth quickly air support improvised attempt cut polish break warsaw flexibility agility german forces led defeat polish infantry divisions units resulting september largest engagement war far conquest poland quickly polish military units surrendering october france fall case yellow initial plan invasion france prepared commander chief army colonel general members early october like called attack netherlands belgium hitler satisfied revisions plan continued october satisfied plan focused heavily northern wing felt attack direction lack element surprise expose german forces south terrain belgium suited base operations attacks france felt operation fail enemy world war leading partial success trench warfare end october prepared outline different plan submitted superior serving chief staff plan developed informal cooperation suggested divisions attack wooded hills expect establish rapidly drive english channel cut french allied armies belgium flanders plan later known cut proposal included second thrust allow force future defensive line south originally rejected proposal particular said plan entirely merit november hitler ordered forces needed surprise thrust pushing plan direction suggested documents outlining details fell hands january hitler receptive change superiors generals resented repeated insistence plan implemented place theirs removed headquarters sent stettin command january hitler looking aggressive plan approved modified version ideas today known plan meeting february corps played minor role operations france serving corps helped achieve breakthrough east case red second phase invasion plan reach cross river invasion france outstanding military success promoted general awarded knight britain proponent prospective german invasion great_britain named considered operation risky necessary early studies staff officers determined air superiority planned invasion corps shipped english channel units assigned wave luftwaffe failed overcome royal_air_force postponed indefinitely october rest year little spent time paris home soviet_union early german high command commenced planning invasion soviet_union march appointed commander commanders upcoming major offensive seeing detailed plans offensive corps fourth group command general army group north tasked advancing arrived days prior launch offensive commenced june massive german attack line corps advance secure bridges near town soviet forces mounted number aimed corps leading corps advanced rapidly reaching kilometres distant hours ahead rest army group number determined soviet corps closed corps tasked soviet formations movement having penetrated deep soviet lines unprotected flanks corps target soviet july soviet 11th army commanded cut able fight way free badly succeeded halting advance corps 8th sent anti partisan duties given 4th division attack repeatedly delayed assault underway received orders august task begin advance sooner moved new headquarters lake told send men relieve danger encircled august launched offensive 11th 34th armies cutting divisions frustrated loss 8th missed opportunity advance returned led major soviet defeat unit encircled soviet divisions receiving air support time captured prisoners tanks opponent general 34th army subsequently court executed defeat tried obtain rest days men constantly fighting poor terrain increasingly poor weather start campaign avail ordered advance east september near city informed 11th ukraine september appointed commander previous commander colonel general perished plane landed soviet minefield tasked invading capturing pursuing enemy forces flank advance soviet_union hitler intention prevent cut soviet supply oil forces infantry achieved rapid breakthrough days heavy soviet resistance neck taken forces substantially reduced leaving german divisions rest captured slowly difficulty complained lack air support contest soviet air superiority region created mobile reconnaissance unit press peninsula cutting road october captured day captured november evacuated personnel city sea attack november failed insufficient forces left immediate assault ordered investment heavily fortified city december launched offensive failed december soviet troops landed retake peninsula december executed landing near withdrawal area orders general prevented collapse eastern division lost heavy equipment cancelled planned resumption attack sent forces east destroy soviet soviet forces superior position men able supply sea pushed conduct soviet troops unable capture critical rail road access points cut german lines supply battle peninsula launched hitler finally assigned major air support outnumbered ground attack north bulk force attacked south soviet troops soon fleeing recorded memoirs capture prisoners guns tanks captured lost men month delay turned attention capture battle germany largest guns built large numbers regular artillery pieces super heavy mortars railway gun brought assault furious barrage began morning june resources luftwaffe commanded committed barrage continued days ground assault began 11th army gained ground mid june focusing attention northern approaches city casualties high sides month dragged aware need act german summer offensive reduced availability reinforcements supplies ordered surprise attack amphibious landings june operation success soviet resistance july german forces entered city soviet forces conducted evacuation hitler promoted day entire city german hands july campaign indirectly involved atrocities soviet population especially committed groups tasked elimination jews europe travelled wake 11th army provided command vehicles fuel drivers military police areas planned shoot jews prevent escaping captain shocked witnessed massacre group jewish women children went ask stop killings states told forget seen concentrate fighting later called flight responsibility moral failure seventeen charges later war crimes trial related nazi killing jews prisoners war capture hitler felt right man command forces siege september elements transferred arriving august lacked proper forces storm city planned bold plan thrust cut supply line lake day arrival launched originally planned attack 18th army narrow german west offensive appeared able break german lines lifting siege hitler bypassing usual chain command directly ordered offensive action area series heavy battles launched counterattack september cut soviet armies fighting continued october soviet offensive resulting attrition meant longer execute decisive assault hold siege finally lifted soviet forces january attempt resolve persistent shortage oil launched fall case blue massive offensive aimed summer german air attacks led tasked capturing key city troops supported entered city september hand hand combat street fighting ensued launched huge november operation designed german armies trap city goal accomplished november hitler aware lost likely appointed commander newly created tasked mounting relief operation named operation winter storm reinforce german hold city initial assessment november given adequate air support able hold launched december winter storm achieved initial success divisions comprising 23rd 6th 17th divisions supporting units advanced december came assault soviet tanks conditions request hitler december attempt break hitler reluctant openly orders conditions deteriorated inside city men suffered cold weather inadequate supplies food ammunition assured hitler trapped 6th army adequately supplied air poor weather lack aircraft mechanical difficulties turned case january urged hitler allow surrender refused spite hitler wishes surrendered remaining soldiers january german romanian soldiers died surrendered survivors returned germany end war believed best 6th army encircled men saw differently weakness didn stronger stance hitler resign accept death sentence totally convinced wrong army american historians wrote message hitler november advising 6th army break statements luftwaffe supply sealed fate historians including pointed version events memoir distorted events described probably sensitivity question post war germany worked hard record matter massive involvement murder jews wrote launched offensive intended capture cut launch soviet army forces prevent relief operation scaled little saturn offensive forced divert forces avoid collapse entire attack prevented comprising command general joining planned aid relief effort instead held line beating successive soviet attacks general counterattack soviet verge collapse german units able hold line italian 8th army flanks overwhelmed subsequently destroyed spurred success planned series follow january february intended decisively beat german forces southern russia destruction remaining hungarian italian forces offensive operation star launched recapture cut german forces east operations succeeded breaking german lines threatened southern german deal threat parts united command early february operation february broke german lines february army groups don danger surrounded repeatedly called reinforcements hitler called february held costs commander ordered city evacuated february hitler arrived person february course days exhausting meetings convinced offensive action needed area regain initiative prevent troops reorganised reinforcements pulled zone neighbouring armies immediately began planning launched february later known blow soviet forces believing retreat taken completely surprise march captured tanks killed soviet soldiers reinforce point recapture important politically hitler returned march carefully assembled available forces wide prevent recaptured march bloody street fighting battle accomplishment received knight cross captured march prevented entire regained substantial territory resulted destruction soviet armies retreat soviet casualties preceding month sector dead taken prisoner captured destroyed tanks pieces artillery spring began march ending operations area time planning undertaken eliminate enemy operation favoured immediate attack battle hitler concerned plan draw forces away industrial region event ground muddy tanks position lieu immediate attack prepared operation citadel launching delayed troops gathered area mud solidified aware danger moved large numbers reinforcements intelligence reports revealed expected locations timing german citadel german strategic offensive eastern largest battles history involving million men time launched initial assault july soviet forces outnumbered nearly command northern formed southern armies slowed tanks blown minefields caught combat series prepared soviet defensive lines days fighting model advance stopped suffering casualties july model forces drawn away soviet army launched forces able penetrate soviet lines causing heavy casualties reached enter capture major objective july inflicting soviet losses resulting july hitler called failed offensive allies landed sicily issued order withdrawal protested felt soviet forces exhausted reserves area want stop reserves committed hitler insisted calling operation soviet casualties heavy modern historians possibility successful german continuation offensive regarded battle german victory believed destroyed offensive capacity rest assessment turned incorrect able recover quickly expected moved reserves lower realising soviet activities diversion soviet offensive began august heavy pressure days heavy fighting soviet troops broke german lines retook punching wide hole fourth army tasked holding response demands reinforcements hitler sent 7th 2nd 3rd construction began defensive positions hitler refused requests pull insisting held reinforcements waged series armoured battles near august resulted heavy casualties ran prepared soviet lines august informed forces river area holding wide insufficient numbers needed withdraw receive reinforcements continuous pressure soviet forces separated severely threatened northern flank threw main reserves drive retake august took advantage close gap 4th 8th armies defensive line hitler finally allowed withdraw september withdrawal ordered earth actions taken zone kilometres river later faced charges war crimes trial issuing order soviet losses july august included million casualties tanks self propelled artillery pieces aircraft german losses tenth soviet losses difficult sustain reserves men draw series meetings september tried unsuccessfully convince hitler high command let generals military decisions campaign september withdrew west bank operation ordered times degenerated rout exhausted soldiers hundreds thousands soviet civilians travelled west bringing livestock personal property correctly soviet attack case campaign deception disguise timing exact location intended offensive historians wrote german generals belief nazi racial theories idea manipulate german intelligence consistency utterly 1st ukrainian led met outnumbered near thrust near north attacked near south november german troops thinking location main attack taken completely surprise captured gained west bank liberated november 17th army cut isolated attacking 4th ukrainian october guidance general cities mid november receiving reinforcements resumed offensive december continued successful advance repeated requests hitler reinforcements turned january met hitler tell line needed retreat order save forces hitler refused requested changes highest levels military leadership turned hitler believed capable managing wider strategy january forced retreat west soviet offensive waiting permission hitler ordered consisting men divisions break pocket night february beginning march soviet forces driven river hitler directive march point forward positions defended man encircled march permission break received hitler time flew hitler headquarters try convince change mind hitler eventually relented relieved command march appeared cover january issue time magazine retreat victory opposite direction dismissal received swords knight cross march handed control model april meeting hitler mountain retreat model adjutant later described scene response paid strategic skills attack operations said use south field marshal model replied believe use strategic means disposal defend soil son lies buried medical leave surgery remove right eye recovered home medical facility dresden suffered infection time danger losing sight day failed july plot assassination attempt hitler life planned military coup état seaside resort baltic met times main conspirators involved conspiracy later said prussian field mutiny placed house surveillance obvious hitler appointing new post bought estate october soon forced abandon soviet forces overran area home evacuated january family took refuge temporarily friends berlin tried audience hitler turned away family continued west germany war europe ended german defeat suffered complications right eye receiving treatment hospital arrested british transferred prisoner war camp near august post war trial moved october held palace justice location major nazi war criminals organisations helped prepare page document defence general staff trial august myth clean events holocaust arose partly result document written largely gave oral testimony treatment prisoners war concept military obedience especially related order issued hitler requiring soviet political shot trial admitted received order said carry documents presented later trial claim actually received regular reports summer execution hundreds political denied knowledge activities testified soldiers command involved murder jewish civilians commander contradicted testimony saying aware happening involved september general staff declared criminal organisations testimony interned british prisoner war known special camp wales awaited decision face war crimes trial kept apart inmates taking solitary walks tending small garden beginning work drafts books british author correspondence visited inmates camps britain preparing best selling book hill admirer german generals described operational genius remained contact later helped arrange publication english edition memoir lost victories british cabinet pressure soviet_union finally decided july prosecute war crimes senior officers adolf transferred await trial died october released medical grounds march trial held hamburg august december faced seventeen charges trial events poland fourteen events soviet_union charges included prisoners war cooperation killing jewish residents welfare civilians earth tactics retreating soviet_union prosecution led senior counsel order signed november based issued build case known genocide order called elimination jewish system harsh punishment claimed remembered asking draft order signing american historians edward davies wrote agreed hitler idea war soviet_union war committed claimed remember signing version severity order defence led prominent lawyer argued order justified partisans jews order calling jews executed justified desire protect men partisan attacks argued compelled orders given sovereign government orders illegal speaking defence stated found nazi racial policy sixteen witnesses testified knowledge involvement genocide called russians arguing showed restraint decent german soldier laws war fighting russians displayed responsible activities unit direct control operating zone command key points trial prosecution claimed duty know activities unit duty stop operations recent scholars including opinion certainly trial found guilty charges sentenced eighteen years prison ensued supporters britain germany lobbied british press germany sentence seen political decision sentence reduced years february published best selling book career trial portrayed honourable soldier fighting despite overwhelming odds eastern convicted crimes commit book helped contribute growing cult surrounding release partly result eye problems result pressure winston_churchill common germany europe period attitude jews roots exposure views actions reflection loyalty hitler nazi regime grounding sense duty based traditional prussian military values criticism hitler based solely disagreements conduct war regime racial policies historians including opinion jewish slavic ancestry officer opposed introduction sent letter protest general commenting volunteered serve armed forces proven worth speculated interested protecting serving concerned possibility distant jewish ancestry carried investigation ancestry report completed results remain unknown hand believed jews linked global conspiracy led jews order stop spread communism necessary remove jews european society order november based reads jewish system wiped allowed invade european living space jewish class beings damage virtue activities nation promote anti german tendencies world revenge survival prevent killing jews civilians areas units operating actively participated aware demonstrated letter sent demands hand murdered jews felt men deserved watches help men work davies note letter time complained activities later stated felt number jews killed holocaust exaggerated post war life memoirs senior officers called blank plans founding german army june spoke giving analysis strategic power considerations country defence spoke country professional army army opinion length service months months idea form reserve force later implemented war memoir lost victories published west_germany translated english worldwide distribution book highly acclaimed best seller critical hitler leadership style historians saw emphasis purely military aspects war ignoring political moral aspects way high command responsibility events holocaust favourable portrayal impact popular opinion centre military cult cast germany greatest generals greatest history described und military cult legend general legendary mythical ability honoured public historians biographers including feel narrow focus military matters exclusion moral issues considered ethical lieutenant general encouraged young german soldiers obedience head state serve nation german people wife moved times release prison living time settling house near munich second volume memoirs soldier life covering period published wife died died stroke night june age surviving german field marshal died july buried military honours funeral attended hundreds soldiers ranks obituary times states influence effect came powers mind depth knowledge generating current troops putting personality magazine saying assisted march blind sense duty awards 1st 2nd class knight cross class friedrich order swords 2nd class september 1st class september order michael brave 2nd class oak leaves swords knight cross july general der commanding general march commander chief march commander chief mentions october july march august | Erich von Manstein | Warfare | Military people | Military people (G –M) |
16722_ThomasGage | thomas march april british general best known years service north_america including role military commander early days american revolution born aristocratic family england entered military service seeing action french indian war served alongside future opponent george_washington battle fall montreal named military governor time distinguish militarily proved competent administrator served commander chief british forces north_america overseeing british response rebellion appointed military governor instructions implement acts massachusetts attempts seize military stores patriot militias april sparked battles lexington concord beginning american war independence victory june battle bunker hill replaced general october returned great_britain early life born march christened march westminster james middlesex england son 1st maria hall sussex family seated 15th century father 1st noted nobleman given titles ireland elder children thomas second son 2nd born january christened january westminster james began attending prestigious met figures despite family long history catholicism adopted school years thomas younger firmly attached church eventually developed dislike roman_catholic_church evident later years graduating westminster record activities joined british_army eventually receiving commission ensign early duties consisted recruiting yorkshire january purchased lieutenant commission 1st stayed transferred rank captain lieutenant received promotion captain saw action war austrian succession british forces flanders served aide camp earl saw service second uprising culminated battle saw action low countries purchased major commission transferred 55th foot regiment later renumbered 44th regiment stationed ireland promoted lieutenant colonel march early service years spent leisure time member occasionally travelled going far paris mexico popular figure army club liked alcohol friendships spanned class ability wrote respected understanding manners perfectly qualities heart important political connections forming relationships important figures like lord future secretary war man roughly age rose great heights french indian war engaged lady rank fortune persuaded yield hand honourable way engagement eventually broken leaving broken hearted father stood seats parliament lost april election father member parliament years prior contested results father died soon withdrew protest early regiment sent america following outbreak french indian war french indian war regiment sent north_america general expeditionary force objective expulsion french forces territory disputed french british colonies military clashes expedition regiment vanguard troops came company french indians trying set ambush skirmish began mortally wounded george_washington distinguished courage fire leadership organising retreat commander 44th colonel sir officers killed battle temporarily took command regiment slightly wounded regiment captain general aide camp charges poor field tactics led defeat result accusations denied permanent command 44th regiment washington maintained somewhat friendly relationship years expedition distance lack frequent contact likely cooled relationship washington publicly condemning actions asserting british authority massachusetts creation light infantry summer served second command failed expedition resupply fell french expedition route following year assigned captain general halifax nova_scotia planned expedition turned confronted larger french fleet december proposed creation regiment light infantry better suited woodland warfare approved plan recalled month recommending king promotion colonel spent winter new_jersey recruiting newly raised regiment light armed foot definitely light armed regiment british army uncertain exactly met choice area motivated interest known beauty area descendant family granddaughter new_york mayor recruiting courtship successful february albany preparing year campaign margaret married december year campaign went albany culminated disastrous british forces defeated barely french forces regiment british vanguard wounded battle british suffered casualties brigadier general campaign received promotion position largely political brother lord failure act new general placed command albany post serving major general shortly capturing fight general learned death general expedition captured fort ordered place fort known fort mouth learned french abandoned fort sent messenger explicit instructions capture possible advance montreal arrived captured july troops command surveyed situation decided expected reinforcements arrived french military strength unknown strength near montreal believed relatively high believing attack gain significant advantage decided action sent message outlining reasons immediate government failure troops rear army expedition resulted montreal surrender early governorship french surrender named military governor montreal task found somewhat involved minute details municipal governance administration military occupation forced deal civil litigation manage trade indians region traders disputed territorial claims indians margaret came stay montreal children harry future 3rd born promoted major general assistance brother placed command 22nd regiment assured command peacetime accounts appeared fair administrator people lives property healthy distrust roman catholic clergy viewed french peace announced following treaty paris began lobbying posting tired cursed climate high stay longer october good news arrived act commander chief north_america leave britain immediately left montreal took command new_york november inherited job dealing indian uprising known rebellion rebellion following conquest new france little respect indians instituted policies severely hampered british indian relations principally forbidding sale ammunition combined widespread concern british expansion territories prompted tribes french pays rise british leadership ottawa leader launched series attacks lightly garrisoned british frontier forts successfully driving british threatening settlers areas hoping end conflict ordered colonel colonel military expeditions ordered sir engage peace negotiations johnson negotiated treaty fort summer tribes colonel negotiated cease fire sorts october resulted peace treaty finalised johnson 42nd royal highland regiment finally got fort french hands conflict fully resolved travelled signed formal treaty johnson july securing position general left north_america leave absence position commander chief announced intention returning north_america point appointment post permanent retained posts governor virginia colonel 60th foot positions gave required actually virginia post high ranking officers especially supporters offices continued tenure commander chief promoted lieutenant general ordered arrest major leader come dislike distrust war arrest based evidence rogers engaging relationship french acquitted court martial spent time commander chief powerful office new_york_city administrative demands managing territory spanned entirety north_america east mississippi_river clearly life new_york actively participating social scene position gave opportunity financial arrangements lined pockets high ranking officers expense military purse little evidence engaged significant improper transactions addition handsome sum day commander chief received variety including colonel salary given leading regiment funds possible send children survived adulthood school england dip hand public till engage relatively common practices political addition securing positions people named apparently assisted placement friends political supporters children rising colonial tension administration political tensions rose american colonies result began withdrawing troops frontier urban centres like new_york_city boston number soldiers stationed cities grew need provide adequate food housing troops urgent parliament passed act permitting british troops private residences thoughts reasons colonial unrest played important role unrest believed popular unrest stamp act primarily small number colonial led boston recommended deployment regiments occupy boston city troops city 29th regiment foot previously clashed colonists quebec new_york reputation poor discipline occupation eventually led later year wrote america mere bully end far greatest later came change opinion source unrest believing democracy significant threat saw movement colonists interior effective crown control development town meeting means local governance major elements threat wrote democracy prevalent america believed town meetings abolished recommended limited coastal areas british rule enforced governor massachusetts returned britain june family missed december year reacted series measures massachusetts known colonies acts terms acts example option remove political trials england originated measures activities town meetings representative government influence military experience relative youth massachusetts governor years old unpopular equally unpopular lieutenant governor died march popular figure sides atlantic deemed best man handle crisis enforce parliamentary acts early appointed military governor massachusetts replacing arrived britain early stopping castle william arrived boston having carried hms lively arrival met little generally received happy local attitudes rapidly deteriorated began implementing acts including people work massachusetts government act formally rescinded provincial assembly right nominate members retained elected dissolved assembly june discovered massachusetts representatives sending delegates called new elections held massachusetts government act authority undermined representatives refused meet new appointed governor council attempted buy political leaders massachusetts notably successful church secretly supplied intelligence activities rebel leaders adams rebel leaders moved september withdrew garrisons new_york new_jersey philadelphia halifax newfoundland brought wing boston large british naval presence control admiral sought strictly enforce army calling war making materials september ordered mission remove provincial gunpowder magazine massachusetts action successful caused huge popular reaction known resulting thousands provincial marched cambridge massachusetts militia soon dispersed force lasting effect subsequently grew cautious actions rapid response large sons liberty sons liberty kept careful watch activities successfully warned future actions british regulars execute criticised allowing groups like exist officers lord remarked general great serve colonists daring wrote force length considerable foreign troops hired begin small numbers encourage resistance end cost blood treasure described conflicted relationship saying parliament englishman person earth argue englishman slavery american war independence april received orders london decisive action patriots given intelligence militia weapons concord massachusetts ordered troop regulars march night april brief skirmish lexington scattered colonial militia forces gathered later concord portion british force routed stronger colonial militia contingent british left concord following search largely unsuccessful colonists advance warning action removed supplies arriving colonial militia engaged british column running battle way battles lexington concord resulted total casualties british american rebels following lexington concord thousands colonial militia surrounded city beginning rebels led mainly massachusetts general faced british regulars city british admiral commanded fleet continued control harbour reinforcements arrived city generals june issued proclamation believed written distributed granting general pardon demonstrate loyalty crown notable exceptions worked newly arrived generals plan break grip besieging forces use amphibious assault control followed attack rebel camp seize heights peninsula including allow british eventually colonial headquarters cambridge colonists warned plans seized initiative night june fortified threatening british position boston june british forces general howe seized peninsula battle bunker hill victory britain won suffered casualties significantly altering state siege called dear bought victory ruined officers noted gained victory wrote secretary war people spirit conduct showed french spirited rage enthusiasm great people possessed proceed earnest business small body acting spot avail large armies making different sides divide force loss sustained greater bear small armies afford losses especially advantage gained tends little gaining post return great_britain june wrote dispatch great_britain lord results battle june days report arrived england issued order recalling replacing action likely fact people government arguing removal battle final straw received order boston september set sail england october nature recall order actually strip offices immediately temporarily replaced commander forces boston general given command forces quebec king george wanted reward mild general service sole reward lord succeeded secretary state north_america formally gave command howe april retained governorship massachusetts return england family eventually settled house portland place london presumably given friendly reception interview sympathetic king george public private writings fall power times vicious correspondent wrote run race glory let hell conscience inevitably attend new_hampshire governor characterised good wise man surrounded difficulties briefly reactivated duty april appointed troops possible french invasion year assumed command 17th light promoted general november later transferred command 11th final years legacy war machinery reduced military activities declined supported efforts loyalists recover losses incurred forced leave colonies notably confirming order widow claims compensation received visitors portland place including health began decline early died portland place april buried family plot wife survived years son henry inherited family title death brother william wealthiest men england youngest son admiral royal_navy daughters married known families town new_brunswick named honour consequently base carries lieutenant governor renamed archipelago islands mouth victorious generals conquest canada known | Thomas Gage | Warfare | Military people | Military people (G –M) |
17156_AugustMeyszner | august august august january austrian officer right wing politician held post higher police leader german occupied territory serbia january march world war began career officer served italian world war reached rank major der joined september right wing parliamentary deputy provincial minister austrian province involvement nazis forcibly retired arrested february released months detention centre july following attempted coup escaped police custody fled nazi_germany joined police austria germany norway appointed higher police leader serbia early time belgrade characterised friction competition german military economic foreign affairs officials hatred distrust serbs tenure oversaw regular killings detachment killed jewish women children gas van war yugoslavia tried war crimes found guilty yugoslav military court executed january early life world war service august born austria-hungary august son years earlier wife née uncle completed primary secondary schooling attending cadet school vienna posted 3rd officer candidate commissioned transferred austrian appointed command unit italian town later year appointed command coastal section border guard unit modern day days outbreak world war married der promoted commanded 12th italian wounded awarded decorations service war including order iron crown 3rd class military 3rd class military merit medal swords war decoration 2nd class august recalled appointed section commander interwar period police political career austria placed charge border police town frontier newly created kingdom serbs later yugoslavia involved fighting year involved german nationalist sporting association leader right wing paramilitary later senior position funnel arms remained stationed years sent detachments promoted major der commanding detachment sent oversee unification austria august shot leg local hungarians transfer unit dealt significant labour unrest peaked aftermath july revolt joined september granted audience adolf_hitler comrades january transferred came contact right wing organisations right wing deputy provincial parliament german minister provincial government governmental responsibilities meant unable active abortive coup état led claiming knew openly stated approved went hiding continued activities began forge closer links holding meetings hitler delegate austria met venice arrange absorption early outcome discussions subsequently known venice agreement conversion nazi thinking demonstrated anti jewish april march authoritarian government parliamentary government june banned absorbed days public servants members classified subversive based denied seat parliament forcibly retired september age result meetings appointed deputy leader travelled widely meeting nazi leaders hungary yugoslavia consequently february interned camp half months nazi activities following hunger strike half hearted prison revolt released soon leaders arrested took control organisation arrested shortly july launched branch assassinated escaped police custody july fled yugoslavia role july unclear austrian authorities suspected encouraged participation provided supplies conspirators yugoslavia longer able access pension assets travelled germany sea november submitted emphasised experience political speaker suggested purely military task best use knowledge skills germany briefly given job coordinating support nazi refugees austria soon arrived joined protection police branch order police previous rank major received german citizenship discharged accepted short lived police officers permitted members time obliged resign october april promoted rank der allowed return october promoted rank february appointed staff district iii appointed honorary judge appointment extended march promoted rank der following germany elected deputy position retained end world war april sent vienna appointed inspector austria working state secretary security austria soon arriving austria clashed requiring intervention chief und general der kurt transferred early october annexation germany district commander june transferred time inspector prussian province world war outbreak war started appointed senior positions beginning spring named representative german und soon appointed command newly occupied norway working remained norway end awarded war merit cross 2nd class swords mid january recalled germany despite low rank attended conference senior leaders field headquarters near hitler wolf conference discussed use forced labour coming plan ethnic germans according german historian attendance conference highlighted working german occupied territory serbia relevant language skills higher police leader serbia german occupied territory serbia area yugoslavia roughly corresponding borders retained military administration following april german led axis invasion yugoslavia included serbian puppet regime known led yugoslav minister war appointment planned initially accorded preferences commander territory communist led uprising erupted brutally suppressed operation december expected return spring address decided appoint higher police leader occupied territory chosen new position despite fact selected years old oldest appointed arrived belgrade late january inserted political conflicting lines command authority military lines command confusing military commander serbia responsible military administration commanding general serbia responsible military operations insurgents weeks arrival military positions finally combined commander serbia person general der previously serbia reported commander general der reported directly hitler military chain command considered appointment change chief staff describing ask staff split military command staff led administrative staff control staff direct control regional defence battalions worked military forces occupation territory turner staff supervised serbian puppet regime german military districts police security forces overlapping military chain command reporting foreign minister economic affairs representative power structures competed greater extent occupied europe appointment complicated complex situation prior decision turner responsible police security matters formally acknowledge superior received orders hitler priorities improve coordination policies germans yugoslavia concentrated region decision late subject conscription order raise division decision approved hitler days appointment strengthened case belgrade took control police organs control turner grouped consisting commanded overseen shooting serbian jewish males mainly units august end year deputy head belgrade head soon took office embarked thorough organisation police operations occupied territory created police area commands aligned military area commands police districts corresponding military district commands took command forces serbian puppet government known established number auxiliary volunteer police units territory units controlled recruited occupied territory croatia bulgaria greece romania trained planned reach strength men little known activities restricted police matters personal direct mean police security apparatus commanded subject day day direction military jurisdiction organisation restricted matters involving military security territory military operations duties extended matter related strengthening german minority serbia included authority security forces puppet regime collection revenue consolidation existing volunteer units soon arrived belgrade met chief ethnic germans founded manage interests outside borders responsible nazi ideology living space eastern_europe met leader und der discuss formation new division 7th volunteer mountain division plans general conscription meet approval berlin soon took role immediately ran difficulties turner responsible internal affairs operation puppet regime turner proponent strengthening puppet regime making use serbs willing collaborate opposite personal view time belgrade refused support work authorities purely tactical level dislike serbs great favourite slogan said like dead better live reported referred serbs people rats historian describes brutal subordinates april turner wrote self tone personal staff officer stating available jewish men killed women children placed concentration camp went claim arranged help gas van clear camp period fortnight weeks holocaust historian considers claim suspect stating turner reports jewish affairs inaccurate self serving attempt hitler shore position view van dispatched regular requests belgrade remaining jews deported directly local authorities resolve matter van arrived belgrade kept informed asked directions delegated task killing jewish women children turn tasked camp commandant accompany van operated sent van berlin sundays public holidays van collected groups women children camp daily basis drove shooting range outside belgrade trip exhaust cargo area killing occupants arrival range man detachment waiting group seven serbian prisoners belgrade prison prisoners van corpses pre dug mass grave camp jewish women children killed june declared group officers including longer jewish question serbia turner clashed continually sought remove police matters turner including supervision security forces serbian regime response turner fought hard maintain control areas believed way maintain peace security use brutal police methods turner wanted regime replace military administration civil akin governor attempted turner staff downgraded incorporated staff intervention prevented turner approach seriously step considered territory combat zone wanted eliminate overlapping jurisdictions despite initial established good working relationship met regularly supported interests coincided contrast conflict turner soon men sending long letters complaint copies stuck general approach officers resolve differences face face fundamentally opposed attempts turner expand serbian puppet regime including creation sporting organisations opening asserting germany interests breed hostile slavic intelligence reports fueled distrust serbian security forces stating insane arm strong believed lay royalist leader germans regime depths turner personal demonstrated fact agree use funds stolen serbian jews killed half august replaced commander austrian early september filed official report alleging turner breached section state secrets concerned mid september turner issued order staff directing authority staff police matters administrative highly political matters approval events gambling right assembly monitoring commerce dispute hand outside intervention effective october sent belgrade investigate report situation report described behaviour turner die cast october met newly created 7th mildly warning behaviour dismiss impressed new division decisive factor final decision undoubtedly fact dismissal turner command structure embarrassing dismissal personal representative despite fact turner strict far concerns regime serbian population senior member government occupation eventually turner joined turner replacement november turner deputy finally forced turner succeeded legal department chief december redesignated commander chief south commander local command situation change awarded war merit cross 1st class swords january proposed fundamental law serbia effect constitution creating authoritarian state similar long advocated asked agency heads views despite specialists recommending adoption strongly opposed seeing threat german interests passed hitler response received march hitler considered march complained adopted soft policy serbs allowing charge supervision crops considered granted additional powers freedoms serbian puppet regime irresponsible understand real motives groups matters concern formation serbian extension pre war thought turner allowing formation observed spreading royalist propaganda according perspective narrow account foreign policy objectives associated giving power regime end extracted usable military manpower economy administration territory suffering consequence requested release men aged service 7th alternative turned attention minority groups lived including hungarians recommendation people subjected conscription accepted time fled germany engaged dispute membership believed venice agreement meant members transferred prestigious low numbers issued prior hitler seizure power issue hitler decided mark 10th anniversary event tasked private secretary head determine issued strictly limited number mark anniversary accept vienna arrangements determined party membership date june allocated party number decisions qualify old fighter intervene behalf ensure received badge men considered worthy award responsibility pretext constantly interfered operational orders issued 7th september total police forces disposal comprised 5th regiment minus company detached occupied greece seven battalions auxiliary police received weeks training constant employment good relationship continued spring aware reports blaming failure combat partisan threat april wrote complaining soviet prisoners war consulting fact advised serbian described situation impossible observing orders police chain command held responsible matters concerning occupied territory longer ally future clashes powerful individuals occupation regime continued rail german occupation policy fact report different authorities issued contradictory orders attended meeting loyalty germany stating considered reliable fighting communists july august occurred appointed chief military administration staff remained largely independent police security apparatus continued carry requested end june ordered execution prisoners response attack german auxiliary police officers killed seven wounded september new appointed balkans position redundant recalled berlin special envoy arrived belgrade armed orders hitler directing undertake range tasks aimed fight communist forces south east europe orders specifically directed best use local anti communist forces negotiate achieve goal empowered german occupation administration transfer power local like regime orders placed charge decisions carrying local population like found local conditions meant ability carry mandate limited having recently appointed chief military administration far real power good job exploiting serbian economy hand serbs strictly opposed transfer power puppet government resisted attempts conclude agreements fight partisans seeing attempt return turner failed policies main success able achieve significant reduction called totally primitive thesis november area responsibility expanded include german occupied territory montenegro following month arrived belgrade dig burn bodies jewish women children killed end awarded 2nd class february campaign german agreements escalated sharply unusual allies case agreements tended favour particular strongly opposed led grounds upheld previous agreements muslims albania expressed concerns strengthening commander bulgarian 1st occupation corps general opposed agreements increasing objections agreements coincided growing partisan pressure west advance east april finally managed rid catalyst recall public criticism characterised official discipline assisted old nemesis chief longer able work supported campaign superior replaced und der protégé assassinated head und general der immediately prior appointment serving der reserve commanding mountain artillery battalion 13th 1st croatian mid awarded 1st class efforts fighting partisans serbia fate agreed relieve serbia montenegro transferring berlin appointing der und der general inspector intention establishing europe wide known activities role end war fell hands high rank ensured attention investigators interrogated united_states chief counsel june placed yugoslav custody soon involvement carrying executions account behalf publication lists executed meant fate certain far killing jewish women children concerned direct involvement clear according claimed received orders gas van directly berlin carried killings little reference accepts assertion stating independent chain command limited control despite formally responsible subordinates including department killed jewish women children responsible carrying policies saw serbs transported forced labourers ended occupied norway holocaust serbia played little trial belgrade december december sentenced death leading members staff tried time january executed hanging books journals websites | August Meyszner | Warfare | Military people | Military people (G –M) |
17172_JamesMcCormack | november january united_states_army officer served world war later director military applications graduate west_point studied oxford mit earned master science degree civil engineering assigned july chief movements branch remaining role returned served operations plans division chosen rank brigadier general took pragmatic approach handling issue proper agency hold custody nuclear weapons encouraged supported development weapons transferred united_states_air_force july appointed director nuclear applications baltimore maryland subsequently promoted major general deputy commander retiring air_force head non profit research organization created provide advice support scientific technological research efforts formed universities vice president industrial governmental relations mit capacity originated proposal basis new space agency eventually chairman chairman early life career born chatham louisiana november attended georgia entering west point july commissioned second lieutenant graduation august ranking 19th class departed england studied oxford promoted lieutenant august awarded bachelor_of_arts degree oxford returning united_states posted 8th engineers fort texas troop commander june student graduated master science degree civil engineering august student officer virginia june reported mississippi assistant project engineer world war reported georgia company commander 21st engineers october promoted captain september serving adjutant 20th engineers fort temporarily commanded regiment battalions assuming command alabama later year attended promoted major february posted assistant chief types branch march march promotion lieutenant colonel october chief construction branch march september october chief promoted colonel december july chief movements branch remaining role services awarded legion merit december british government honorary commander order british empire march french government awarded silver star january legion honor october june returned duty member policy section strategy assistant section chief september staff officer strategy february august chief service awarded oak leaf cluster legion merit april cold war point career early new exciting opportunity opened atomic energy act created oversee research development nuclear power nuclear weapons act created statutory position inside called director military applications commissioners envisaged staff post responsible military planning policy law director military applications serving armed forces officer post wartime commander brigadier general nominee commissioners different ideas seen closely identified wartime manhattan_project opinions commissioners staff line position strong disagreement commissioners issue agency hold custody nuclear weapons accordingly commissioners decided find candidate commissioners asked head operations chief staff army general army secretary war willing release commissioners selected job came promotion brigadier general commissioners got kind officer wanted willing accept post staff job took pragmatic approach custody issue like military officers convinced men use nuclear weapons battle needed experience proper maintenance storage handling aware sensitivity issue custody congress assigned continue press changes law accepted situation best working existing framework involved discussions possibility developing weapons known super early advocate super promised yields range directed proceed development weapons debate merits super pitted united_states_air_force services wanted small tactical weapons concurrently technical debate scientists like feasibility super guarantee work processes involved reactions fully understood ultimately apparent super design work development design provided new path high yield weapons services director military applications awarded later life transferred united_states_air_force july leaving august special assistant deputy chief staff january appointed director nuclear applications baltimore maryland subsequently promoted major general deputy commander called testify security hearing like witnesses testified loyal men disagreed merits super saw opposition retired air_force head non profit research organization provide advice support scientific technological research efforts formed universities vice president industrial governmental relations mit originated proposal basis new space agency eventually governor massachusetts appointed chairman october appointed chairman salary allow concentrate new position resigned company post mit attended board meeting dinner jacket having flown los_angeles speaking engagement head quasi government organization employ company resources carry policies congress president able persuade congress plans domestic satellite network consult television networks retired chairman ill health remained director died winter home south_carolina january buried arlington national cemetery survived wife eleanor née son major stationed fort alabama daughter living fort campbell kentucky | James McCormack | Warfare | Military people | Military people (G –M) |
17503_HeinrichHimmler | german october protection squadron leading member nazi_germany nazi leader adolf_hitler briefly appointed military commander later commander replacement home army administration entire die powerful men nazi_germany people directly responsible holocaust member reserve battalion world war active service studied college joined appointed hitler years developed mere man battalion million strong paramilitary group following hitler orders set controlled nazi concentration camps known good skills selecting highly competent subordinates onwards chief german police minister interior overseeing internal external police security forces including secret state police lifelong interest interpreting beliefs promote racial policy nazi_germany incorporating symbolism rituals hitler behalf formed built camps concentration camps directed killing million jews people victims total number civilians killed regime estimated fourteen million people polish soviet citizens late world war hitler charged command failed achieve assigned objectives hitler replaced posts realising war lost attempted open peace talks western allies hitler knowledge shortly war ended hearing hitler dismissed posts april ordered arrest attempted hiding detained arrested british forces identity known british custody committed suicide early life born munich october conservative middle class roman catholic family father october teacher mother née january september devout roman catholic brothers july december godfather prince bavaria member royal family bavaria attended grammar school father deputy principal struggled athletics poor health suffering lifelong stomach complaints youth trained daily weights exercised stronger boys school later remembered awkward social situations diary kept intermittently age shows took keen interest current events discussion religion sex began training father connections royal family accepted officer candidate enlisted reserve battalion 11th regiment december brother served western saw combat receiving eventually promoted lieutenant november training war ended germany defeat denying opportunity officer combat discharge december returned war completed grammar school education studied following brief farm subsequent illness regulations non christians including jews minority groups eliminated unification germany continued exist thrive germany parts europe time went university exceptionally students school avoid jewish classmates remained devoted catholic student spent leisure time members fencing fraternity president jewish maintained demeanor jewish members fraternity spite growing second year university attempts pursue military career successful able extend involvement paramilitary scene munich time met early member founder storm battalion admired decorated combat soldier suggestion joined nationalist group interested jewish question diary entries containing increasing number remarks recording number discussions jews classmates reading lists recorded diary dominated pamphlets german myths tracts murder foreign minister june political views radical right took demonstrations treaty versailles raging parents longer afford educate sons disappointed failure career military parents inability finance doctoral studies forced low paying office job obtaining agricultural diploma remained position september nazi activist joined august party number member paramilitary unit involved beer hall unsuccessful attempt hitler seize power munich event set life politics questioned police role charged insufficient evidence lost job unable find employment parents munich frustrated failures aggressive friends family members searching world view came abandon catholicism focused mythology reinforced ideas religion found appealing political positions agreed views initially swept hitler charisma cult worship learned hitler reading began regard useful face party later admired consolidate advance position took advantage disarray party following hitler arrest wake beer hall worked party secretary propaganda assistant travelling bavaria party gave speeches distributed literature placed charge party office late responsible integrating area membership hitler party founded february year joined leader number initially larger formed hitler personal protection formed elite unit leadership position district leader appointed deputy propaganda chief january typical considerable freedom action post increased time began collect statistics number jews enemies party following strong need control developed elaborate bureaucracy september told hitler vision transform loyal powerful racially pure elite unit convinced man job hitler appointed deputy rank time joined youth group met later commandant concentration camp book life source race caught hitler attention leading later appointment firm believer superiority race philosophy major influence rise resignation commander january assumed position approval carried duties propaganda headquarters responsibilities organise participants rally september year grew force men persuaded hitler run separate organisation officially subordinate gain political power took advantage economic great depression coalition government unable improve economy voters turned political extreme included hitler populist rhetoric including blaming particularly jews economic hardships election nazis won percent vote seats hitler appointed chancellor germany president january heading short lived coalition nazis new cabinet initially included members hitler minister portfolio minister minister month later building set fire hitler took advantage event forcing von sign fire decree suspended basic rights allowed detention trial enabling act passed gave cabinet practice hitler legislative powers country facto dictatorship august hitler cabinet passed law stipulated von death office president abolished powers merged chancellor died morning hitler head state head government title und leader chancellor rise power provided opportunity thrive numbered members strict membership requirements ensured members hitler master race applicants qualities words like nursery trying reproduce good old strain started principles plant selection proceeded men think use build mention standards meet ideals organised intellect served began setting different departments appointed chief new service intelligence service renamed security service later officially appointed deputy men good working relationship mutual respect began remove control interior minister hoped create unified german police force march bavaria von appointed chief appointed commander political police year hitler promoted rank equal rank senior commanders took political police state state soon prussia controlled established und appointed chief rank department implemented racial policies monitored racial integrity membership men carefully racial background december introduced marriage order required men wishing marry produce family trees proving families descent non found family tree racial investigation person concerned excluded man issued record detailing genetic history expected marriage produce children creating pool genetically superior prospective members programme disappointing results cent men married produced child march months nazis seized power set official concentration camp hitler stated want prison detention camp appointed convicted ardent nazi run camp june devised system model future camps germany features included isolation victims outside world elaborate roll calls work details use force executions extract obedience strict disciplinary code guards uniforms issued prisoners guards alike guards uniforms special death head insignia end took control camps creating separate division initially camps housed political opponents time undesirable members german society criminals placed camps hitler decree issued december allowed deemed regime undesirable member society included jews communists persons cultural racial political religious affiliation deemed nazis sub human camps mechanism social racial engineering outbreak world war autumn camps housing inmates death tolls high consolidation power early hitler nazi leaders concerned planning coup état socialist populist views believed real revolution begun felt numbering million men far army sole arms bearing corps state army absorbed leadership lobbied hitler appoint minister defence position held conservative general created prussian secret police force appointed head concerned ruthless use effectively counteract power handed control april date hitler appointed chief german police outside prussia radical departure long standing german practice law enforcement state local matter named chief april continued head hitler decided june leadership eliminated sent berlin june meet plan action hitler took charge munich arrested gave choice commit suicide shot refused kill shot dead officers members leadership political adversaries including killed june july actions known night long knives independent organisation hitler july title highest formal rank equivalent field marshal army converted sports training organisation september hitler presented laws known laws laws banned marriage non jewish jewish germans forbade employment non jewish women age jewish households laws deprived called non benefits german citizenship laws race based measures instituted wanted extend power urged hitler form national police force overseen guard nazi_germany enemies time real imagined interior minister wanted national police force controlled police chief hitler left work arrangements greater power allied old enemy drew set proposals sent meet angry consulted hitler told agree proposals june hitler decreed unification police forces named chief german police role nominally subordinate practice police effectively division independent control gave operational control germany entire detective force gained authority germany law enforcement agencies amalgamated new order police branch shortly created criminal police umbrella organisation criminal investigation agencies germany merged security police command september following outbreak world war formed bring included umbrella placed command leadership developed military branch later evolved nominally authority developed fully structure command operations grew regiments divisions world war serving alongside army formally addition military ambitions established beginnings parallel economy umbrella end administrator set auspices holding company owned housing corporations factories publishing houses quickly exploited companies personal gain contrast honest matters money business preparations war hitler ended german alliance china entered agreement modern japan year austria unified nazi_germany munich agreement gave nazi_germany control czechoslovakia hitler primary motivations war included obtaining additional living space peoples considered racially superior according nazi ideology second goal elimination considered racially inferior particularly jews territories controlled hundreds thousands jews emigrated united_states palestine great_britain countries converted christianity anti church struggle saw main task acting vanguard overcoming christianity restoring way living preparations coming conflict humans biographer wrote nazi movement launched jews communists linking provided goal purpose opposed christian sexual morality principle christian mercy saw dangerous obstacles planned battle declared live era ultimate conflict christianity mission german people half century non christian ideological foundations lead shape lives task consist solely overcoming ideological opponent accompanied step positive impetus case means reconstruction german heritage widest comprehensive sense world war hitler army chiefs asked pretext invasion poland carried false flag project code named german soldiers dressed polish uniforms undertook border skirmishes suggested polish aggression germany incidents nazi propaganda justify invasion poland opening event world war beginning war poland hitler authorised killing polish civilians including jews ethnic poles task forces originally formed secure government papers offices areas taken germany world war authorised hitler direction units death squads followed army poland end murdered intellectuals civilians militias units took killings orders squads tasked rounding jews placement concentration camps germany subsequently invaded denmark norway netherlands france began bombing great_britain preparation invasion june day invasion soviet_union commissioned preparation general plan east plan finalised july called poland western ukraine conquered million german citizens current residents million people expelled east forced labour plan extended border germany thousand kilometres east miles expected thirty years complete plan cost billion stated openly question existence racial struggle severity course million jews military actions crises food supply declared war east pan european crusade defend traditional values old europe constantly struggling recruits solved problem creation units composed folk groups taken balkans eastern europe equally vital recruits considered peoples northern western europe netherlands norway belgium denmark finland spain italy provided men units western countries number volunteers varied high netherlands sweden switzerland east highest number men came lithuania lowest bulgaria men east performance eastern units sub standard late hitler named deputy newly established began racially classify concentration camps members swelling resistance shot earning nickname butcher prague appointment strengthened collaboration proud control state despite having direct access hitler loyalty remained firm hitler approval established lead planned invasion soviet_union march hitler addressed army leaders detailing intention smash destroy leadership special directive guidelines special spheres directive read operations area army given special tasks orders order prepare political administration tasks arise forthcoming final struggle opposing political systems framework tasks acts independently responsibility hitler intended prevent internal friction like occurring earlier poland german_army generals attempted bring leaders trial murders committed following army soviet_union rounded killed jews deemed undesirable nazi state hitler sent frequent reports addition million soviet prisoners war died starvation executions months soviet prisoners war died executed nazi concentration camps course war shot early following orders concentration camps constructed inmates subjected forced labour jews germany occupied territories deported camps confined germans pushed moscow december signalling invasion soviet_union failed hitler nazi officials realised mass east longer possible result instead jews europe destined death holocaust nazi racial policies including notion people racially inferior right live date earliest days party hitler discusses time german declaration war united_states december hitler finally resolved jews europe arranged meeting held january suburb berlin attended nazi officials outline plans final solution jewish question detailed jews able work worked death unable work killed outright calculated number jews killed million told attendees hitler placed charge plan june assassinated prague operation led members czechoslovakia army exile trained funeral services chief took charge young sons gave eulogy berlin june discussions hitler ordered brutal death people arrested village razed ground male inhabitants adults village murdered people executed firing squads took leadership stepped pace killing jews operation named honour ordered camps camps constructed initially victims killed gas firing squad methods proved operation scale august attended shooting jews shaken experience concerned impact actions mental health men decided alternate methods killing found orders early camp greatly expanded including addition gas chambers victims killed end war million jews killed nazi regime estimates range closer million visited camp early time people killed location witnessing gave people promotions ordered operation camp wound revolt october prisoners killed guards personnel prisoners escaped managed away joined partisan units operating area remainder killed camp dismantled december main architect holocaust deep belief racist nazi ideology justify murder millions victims nazis planned kill polish intellectuals restrict non germans conquered territories fourth grade education nazis wanted breed master race racially pure germany farmer acquainted principles selective breeding proposed apply humans believed engineer german populace example appearance decades end war speech october secret meeting officials city october speech party elite leaders referred explicitly german jewish people translated excerpt speech october reads want refer frankly difficult matter openly talk discuss publicly june perform duty ordered comrades failed wall execute spoke speak let thank god self evident discuss talked horrified clearly understood time order given necessary referring evacuation jews jewish people easily said jewish people says party member obvious program elimination jews small matter turn million germans decent jew particular splendid jew observed endured know means corpses lie endured time remained decent person exceptions human weaknesses tough glorious chapter spoken know difficult jews secret city bombings burden hardships war jews german nation likely arrive state hitler motivation speeches ensure party leaders aware plans actions impossible later deny knowledge killings allies indicated going pursue criminal charges german war crimes hitler tried gain loyalty silence subordinates making parties planned genocide commissioner consolidation german incorporated deeply involved program east particularly poland laid general plan east aim expel native population living space ethnic germans continued plans east germans reluctant relocate despite negative effects war effort racial began classification people deemed german blood included germans collaborated germany war considered german neutral partially germans polish ordered refused classified ethnic germans deported concentration camps children taken away assigned forced labour belief nature german blood resist led conclusion resisted racially superior ones declared drop german blood lost left alien race plan included kidnapping eastern european children nazi_germany urged obviously mixture peoples racially good types think duty children remove environment necessary stealing win good blood use place people destroy blood racially valuable children removed contact poles raised germans german names declared faith blood flowed foreign german history convinced philosophy ideals spirit children racially belong children adopted german families children passed muster later rejected taken eventually died january reported ethnic germans germans live envisioned small farms temporary camps quarters towns half million residents annexed polish territories deported sent germany slave labour instructed german nation view foreign workers brought germany danger german blood accordance german racial laws sexual relations germans foreigners forbidden race july plot july group german army officers led including highest ranked members german armed forces attempted assassinate hitler failed day formed special commission arrested suspected known opponents regime hitler ordered brutal resulted execution people embarrassed failure uncover plot led increase powers authority general commander chief reserve replacement army immediate superior implicated conspiracy hitler removed post named successor consisted million men hoped draw reserves fill posts appointed director deputy began fill posts men november merged army officer recruitment department successfully lobbied increase recruits time hitler appointed minister die august hitler authorised organisation administration army police services head responsible prisoners war charge system controlled development armaments january military commander june western allied armies landed northern france operation overlord response group formed engage advancing command general led general region west bank rhine late hitler appointed commander chief september hitler ordered create special army units people storm people army males aged sixteen eligible conscription militia protests armaments minister noted skilled workers removed armaments production hitler believed million men raised new units initiate people war hopes wildly optimistic october children young fourteen enlisted severe shortages weapons equipment lack training members poorly prepared combat lost lives final months war january hitler generals launched operation north wind goal break lines french 1st army support southern thrust offensive final major german offensive war limited initial gains germans americans halted offensive january operation north wind officially ended january spite lack military experience hitler appointed commander hastily formed halt offensive general considered appointment regarded officers chose organize defense uniformly incapable performing allotted tasks knowing need help appointed general experienced staff officer chief staff established command centre special train headquarters train telephone line inadequate maps signal detachment radios establish communication relay military orders seldom left train worked hours day insisted daily commencing work lengthy lunch attack northern flank launched february little responded soviet tank armies german forces days tanks reached baltic trapping german forces sought escape sea unable viable plans completion military objectives pressure hitler military situation anxious unable coherent reports hitler unwilling admit choice commander inadequate intense argument insisted change command hitler assigned headquarters command limited counter offensive hitler observed possible troops needed planned double attack neighbouring regions counter attack failed stop soviet advance hitler held personally liable accused following orders tenure military commander ended march hitler replaced general commander chief time care doctor february fled hitler sent forced medical leave absence reassigned post chief staff march failure hitler response marked deterioration relationship men time inner circle people hitler trusted rapidly peace negotiations early german war effort verge collapse relationship hitler deteriorated considered independently negotiating peace settlement moved sweden acted negotiations head letters exchanged men direct meetings arranged hitler met time april hitler birthday berlin swore total loyalty hitler military briefing day hitler stated leaving berlin spite soviet advances quickly left city briefing april met swedish representative discuss release jewish concentration camp inmates result negotiations people released operation negotiations falsely claimed built deal dead epidemic claimed high survival rates camps sites liberated obvious figures false days later met directly swedish representing provisional leader germany claimed hitler dead days hoping british americans fight soviets alongside remains asked inform general germany wished surrender west asked proposal writing obliged sent telegram hours earlier asking permission leadership act hitler interpreted demand step face coup april representative berlin caught civilian clothes preparing desert arrested brought evening april bbc broadcast news report attempted negotiations western allies hitler long believed second loyalty calling der loyal flew rage apparent betrayal hitler told bunker complex act worst known ordered arrest court shot time soviets advanced preparing storm report combined prompted hitler write testament testament completed april day prior suicide hitler declared stripped party state offices expelled hitler named grand admiral successor met offered second command maintained entitled position interim government believing good position restore maintain order war repeatedly rejected initiated peace negotiations allies wrote letter days formally dismissing posts capture suicide rejected comrades hunted allies attempted hiding extensive preparations equipped forged small band companions headed south final destination mind continued group split aides stopped detained set soviet following days moved camps brought british 31st near duty officer captain began routine interrogation admitted prisoner searched taken headquarters doctor wells conducted medical exam doctor attempted examine inside mouth prisoner reluctant open head away bit hidden collapsed floor dead minutes shortly afterward body buried unmarked grave near grave location remains unknown symbolism interested early age tied interest racist philosophy looking proof racial superiority ancient times promoted cult ancestor worship particularly members way race pure provide nation viewing order lines vienna began process replacing christianity new moral code rejected challenged christian concept marriage research society founded conducted research globe look proof superiority ancient origins race uniforms nazi_germany particularly symbolism design stylized lightning bolt logo chosen logo pair set created ancient originally sun renamed victory list modified variety existing customs emphasise central role naming ceremony replace baptism marriage ceremonies altered separate funeral ceremony held addition christian ceremonies centric celebrations summer winter instituted death head symbol german military units hundreds years chosen placed particular importance death head rings sold returned death owner interpreted deaths head symbol mean solidarity cause commitment unto death relationship hitler second command regular contact hitler arrange men involved policy making decisions years leading seizure power late 1930s independent control state agencies government departments reported hitler hitler leadership style contradictory orders subordinates place positions duties responsibilities overlapped way hitler fostered distrust competition subordinates consolidate power cabinet met discouraged ministers meeting independently hitler typically issue written orders gave meetings phone conversations convey orders position control flow information access hitler earning enemies including hitler promoted practised principle required absolute obedience subordinates superiors hitler viewed government structure pyramid leader apex accordingly placed position hitler like nazi officials aspirations day succeed hitler leader considered especially dangerous rival administration potential successor hitler refused accept offer high rank felt debt allow armaments production hitler called mystical interests nonsense member hitler inner circle men close rarely saw socially exclusively members loyalty efforts hitler earned nickname der faithful days war clear hitler planned die berlin left long time superior try save marriage family met future wife seven years senior nurse shared interest medicine owner small private clinic married july child born august couple foster parents boy named son officer died war sold share clinic proceeds buy plot land near munich erected house constantly away party business wife took charge efforts unsuccessful raise livestock sale owned dog nazis seized power family moved munich lake bought house later obtained large house berlin suburb free charge official residence couple saw little totally absorbed work relationship strained couple unite social functions frequent guests home saw duty invite wives senior leaders afternoon coffee tea wednesday young secretary starting mistress left job arranged accommodations later fathered children son born february daughter born july living daughter learned relationship separated decided tolerate relationship sake daughter working nurse war appointed supervisor military berlin close daughter nicknamed days visited diaries reveal leave berlin poor results age joined shortly went battle captured russians later returned germany lived remained loyal writing february said wonderful called great tasks equal germany looking expressed similar sentiments letter january left allied troops advanced area arrested american troops italy held camps italy france germany brought testify trials released november emerged experience alleged remained devoted father memory historical assessment said insignificant surface good decision maker talent selecting highly competent staff successfully inserted aspect daily life observes ability consolidate increasing powers responsibilities coherent system auspices led powerful men says dull emerged hitler second actual power strength lay combination unusual burning ambition loyalty hitler opined appeared powerful man hitler impossible practice meaningless ask prepared use power directly change course events historian john relates story subordinate showed picture said half teacher lower half comments followed hitler policies question ethical considerations accepted hitler nazi ideology saw order new germans adopted doctrine mission command orders given broad authority delegated downward appropriate level carry timely efficient manner states ideology gave men framework mission command tactics allowed junior officers act initiative obtain desired results according british war cabinet minutes released winston_churchill advocated assassination response attempts open peace allies churchill negotiate bump later entitled said churchill suggestion met support german news magazine described brutal mass murderers history architect holocaust explanatory notes printed | Heinrich Himmler | Warfare | Military people | Military people (G –M) |
17657_GeorgeHowell(VC) | november december australian recipient victoria_cross highest decoration gallantry face enemy awarded members british commonwealth armed forces decorated victoria_cross following actions second battle ran trench bombing german forces attacking position use grenades driving born suburb sydney new south wales employed builder enlisting june allotted force served gallipoli prior transferring western participating offensive wounded promoted corporal early attack german held village led rifle bombing section awarded military medal actions severely wounded victoria_cross action underwent prolonged period returning australia receiving discharge medical grounds settling gained employment working advertising staff newspapers following outbreak second world war served soon sought discharge enlisted died age early life born sydney suburb new_south_wales november fourth son english born carpenter australian wife martha née educated park receiving builder employed native area sydney world war june enlisted service world war allotted 7th reinforcements private embarked sydney egypt july aboard joining november served peninsula allied evacuation following month returning egypt battalion spent months training desert preparation service western embarked france march april unit entrenched sector week july wounded taking offensive evacuated hospital sheffield england early august attended training school returning battalion november appointed lance corporal december promoted corporal february april took 1st battalion attack german held village engagement led rifle bombing section forefront company german position section held times advance heavy machine gun fire managed overcome opposition continue advance time actions battle awarded military medal recommendation cited courage devotion duty great assistance company capture objectives award published supplement london gazette victoria_cross preparation attack line 1st attached attack commenced morning 2nd division lined conjunction thirteen divisions despite progress early attack australian forces soon held strong opposition evening entrenched old german line known battalion companies occupied line fourth placed reserve position occupied wedge german line flanks german held territory initial attack canadians extreme right extreme left able capture hold set objectives course days severe fighting took place troops drawn hold extend gains germans launched counter attack forced withdraw trenches engagement perform act earn victoria_cross charge post right line noticed battalion right flank forced trench beginning retire immediately battalion headquarters captain assumed temporary command battalion organised group non soldiers headquarters form defensive line road bank order fend expected german advance fierce bombing grenade fight soon ensued sides suffering heavy casualties fearing germans battalion climbed began running trench line throwing bombs germans subject heavy rifle bomb fire forcing germans trench supported lieutenant followed trench firing bursts lewis gun soon supply bombs began attack bayonet fell trench wounded hit legs machine gun fire brought clearing station hours later discovered suffered separate wounds actions ground lost soon german attack later repulsed citation victoria_cross appeared supplement london gazette june reading 27th june majesty king pleased approve award victoria_cross officer officers men imp force conspicuous bravery seeing party enemy likely initiative single handed exposed heavy bomb rifle fire climbed proceeded bomb enemy pressing trench having exhausted stock bombs continued attack enemy bayonet severely wounded prompt action conduct face superior numbers witnessed battalion greatly inspired subsequent successful counter attack multiple wounds required prolonged period treatment sent norfolk england july invested victoria cross military medal king george buckingham palace photograph pair taken time later published times history war promoted sergeant returned australia october having adequately recovered wounds discharged june medical grounds father brothers served western world war father brother frederick later life march married nurse sydney pair settled employed advertising staff later new_south_wales representative brisbane standard queensland worker outbreak second world war offered services enlisted australian_army october posted granted rank staff sergeant found staff work dull sought discharge february august enlisted united_states_army service able participate invasion commencement philippines campaign december following wife death moved sydney western australia accompanied grandson journey took days train pair arrived perth suburb live married daughter later moved reside years returning perth joined australian contingent victoria_cross recipients attended parade london park commemorate centenary institution victoria_cross died hollywood perth december granted funeral military honours body cremated ashes interred perth commemorated plaque remembrance victoria_cross medals display australian war memorial canberra | George Howell (VC) | Warfare | Military people | Military people (G –M) |
17767_Abdal-Rahimal-HajjMuhammad | arabic march known prominent palestinian arab commander rebel forces arab revolt rule increased jewish settlement palestine activities based areas modern day northern september official general commander revolt shared post rotation february given sole title post revolt political leadership later killed british forces march early life born village today belonged clan larger tribal confederation long history activity area invasion syria great grandfather fought ottoman defense country later sentenced death great participated peasants revolt rule palestine initially educated traditional elementary school enrolled primary school later work fields lands alongside father occasionally traveled place place selling agricultural products world war ottoman army requirement male ottoman citizens posted outside palestine tripoli returned following ottomans defeat british forces arab allies father died war britain control area established mandate palestine auspices career british rule return palestine supervised family land possessions entered trade business prominent local grain traders palestine early years mandate coinciding period ardent opponent british support movement riots unrest palestine riots extended angered manner british authorities palestinian arab participants business eventually went bankrupt mandate adopted new economic policies saw import cheaper foreign wheat expense local produce british economic policies partly motivated future participation palestinian arab revolt local connections established grain merchant beneficial later recruitment efforts web tribal proved providing fighting men provisions 1930s set base vicinity near began recruiting training fighters area including ottoman soldiers brought additional expertise combat firearms command group men launch minor raids jewish settlements british security personnel main targets orange newly established jewish settlements area west places built lands peasant tenants evicted criminal record mandatory authorities according israeli historian alleged crime committing fraud land transaction jewish buyer author wrote claim mentioned sources discussed wife died left sons killing muslim preacher anti colonial militant british forces tensions palestinian arab population popular authorities rose significantly grew number notion armed struggle british rule british sponsorship increasingly popular alternative diplomatic negotiations palestinian leadership british government negotiations ultimately seen local population futile effort bore results actively took upcoming revolt entrusted children sister widow according eldest son grain merchant later traded financially supported children education normally meet sons days different villages children escorted location rebels commander revolt early stage revolt started palestinian general strike april strike spread number cities palestine including helped organize campaign summer year palestinian arab rebel bands sprung including forces existing social networks complex web local clan politics build alliances middle classes major towns particularly educated activists rural clan elders build solid base resistance british order avoid detection commanding large unit troops instead raised small semi permanent bands volunteers called sing moved area normally launched nighttime attacks specific targets earliest stage revolt early summer fighters primarily operated area coastal plain actions consisted attacks british_army police patrols june muhammad ambushed british_army force protecting jewish convoy passing near village british bomber planes dispatched aid ambushed convoy ensuing battle lasted seven hours ended deaths rebels british soldier rebels british soldiers wounded authorities consequently issued arrest warrant rebel bands worked independently july decided coordinate actions respective militias based area operated areas operation concentrated north central highlands meeting leaders held august designate official areas operation specific targets attack jerusalem area militia absent meetings making increasingly difficult form solid military command rebels country arrival known arab nationalist volunteer commander august assumption rebels leadership damaged revolt despite attempts unify rebel ranks experienced field commander relations palestinian political military leadership general local rebels resented delegation command positions non references area southern syria instead palestine nonetheless fought second major confrontation british forces september battle went hours according mandatory figures british military personnel killed wounded fatalities british pilot plane downed rebels suffered dead wounded october rebel operations temporarily ceased revolt political leadership accepted calls generally pro british jordan iraq saudi_arabia cessation hostilities return arab lobby british mandatory authorities address palestinian arab concerns activity palestine month left palestine followed suit headed damascus evade arrest british placed bounty pounds damascus raised funds purchased weapons revolt began working syrian nationalists arms palestine later left damascus mountain village east maintained regular communications forces renewal rebellion fighting hold british government announced restrict jewish immigration palestine instead proposed partition palestine separate jewish arab states forward november january moves palestinian leadership principal concern increased jewish settlement commission time began work grand jerusalem requested rebel leaders return resume military activities palestine pressure authorities end returned palestine april command region referred authorities triangle terror concentration rebel activity area renewal revolt efforts unify rebel ranks establish command structure late summoned village elders vicinity requested provide armed man generally successful recruited man force quarter year saw increased attacks british military targets buses carrying jews pipeline palestine lines stage revolt developed organized effort palestine area having hierarchy sort case forces brigades led commander designated funds appointed deputy commanders subordinate military order contrasted early phase revolt sole field commander confrontation rebels british forces village ash early december wounded managed evade capture village escorted safety nearby cave men died battle british withdrew area treated local doctors january received advanced care damascus returned palestine later month early rebels consolidated control countryside rural roads areas increasingly dangerous british forces concentrated main towns general commander local rebel commanders generally suspicious outside arab military leaders particularly members joined damascus based following dissolution authorities october founded late officially served revolt political leadership fundraising body arms supplier ground palestine competition role rebels general command increasingly tense engaged rivalry coincided relations families influence area social political spheres smooth differences revolt leaders held summit september established palestine armed body rotating general commanders bureau upper region british_army backed bomber planes assaulted gaining knowledge meeting sought arrest kill commanders battle ensued prominent commander known slain despite bureau formation rivalry continued undermined purpose settled leadership dispute conferred title general solely february damascus time having moved october given assurance support tensions resulted supplies funding point rebellion entering different stage establishment british sponsored supported anti rebel forces known peace bands commanded political rivals chief clan launched rebel forces campaign harass rebel pressure local leaders end revolt death legacy march return palestine officially confirmed rebellion general commander killed british_army village located entered village subordinate commanders fighters peace band set sought revenge killing brothers muhammad generally attributed information band collected movements passed british intelligence large force british_army subsequently arrived sealed band served alongside army unit village residents reportedly pleaded escape undercover fighters entered adjacent plain clashed british troops killed deputy commanders according residents witnessed clash british officer headed operation removed hat covered face sign respect later wrote special respect people buried weeks later members body transported buried ceremonial manner stature revolt according author news death general strike held palestine number days honor efforts anti colonial anti struggle death headlines newspapers palestine parts arab world municipality commemorates death annually march anniversary death honored city march boys school named major street jordan according historian death reflection rebels area serve sanctuary renew operations revolt largely dissipated time killed demise significant blow succeeded unable maintain momentum revolt ended late ideology relationship according respected commander renowned nationalist convictions opposition political assassination fighter operated independently political leadership rebellion including based palestine damascus based despite alliance refused assassinate local leaders family political power remarking don work patriotism political attempted successful commonly occurred revolt refusal participate seriously damage relations organization depended war material frequented damascus obtain weapons supplies discuss situation palestine intelligence document british mandatory authorities revealed left palestine syria october activities report states refused send funds committee remarking shoe insignificant fighter members society pleasure suffer mountains point tensions refusal carry killings men provided hit list behalf committee resulted cutting financial material support certain period time forced jerusalem chamber commerce municipality funds reason departure increased presence rebel ranks making hard continue military activities personal assistant depicted genuine nationalist contrast self proclaimed nationalist leaders accused narrow interests claimed saw palestinian unity inclusive incompatible political particularly killings fuel divisions ranks rebellion leadership possible exception anti assassination policy alleged responsibility killings landowners supported led opposition leadership widely disputed circumstances surrounding deaths general killings rarely mentioned palestinian narratives revolt | Abd al-Rahim al-Hajj Muhammad | Warfare | Military people | Military people (G –M) |
17783_CharlesB.Gatewood | lieutenant april american soldier born virginia served united_states_army 6th cavalry graduating west_point assignment led scouts wars played key role ending surrender army health problems exposure southwest critically injured johnson county war retired army dying year later stomach cancer retirement nominated medal honor denied award portrayed film american legend early life born military family virginia april cadet west point earned nickname resemblance roman general graduated commission second lieutenant received orders southwest fort new_mexico wars led companies territory respected earned nickname meaning big captain year service fort commander scouts later aide camp general scout chief named war scouts brought arizona new_mexico capture chief campaign scouts placed command major new_mexico scouts band ultimately failed capture returned virginia sick leave developed exposure elements years working scouts harsh southwest married daughter niece june cumberland maryland sick leave expired july having returned post declared absent leave returned southwest september command colonel campaign white mountain army sent brigadier general command indian operations experienced indian fighter long learned regular soldiers useless based entire strategy employing indians fight indians mark respect nicknamed means grey wolf despite having major tribes territory taken arms time leadership repeatedly saw small band warriors escape time knowing reputation army best men commandant white mountain indian reservation disagreed handling reservation treatment clash local politicians grazing rights reservation land transferred command year resigned army replaced general falling regarded miles man despite failing health miles knew known spoke familiar traditions values having spent nearly years field dispatched general miles seek july reached encountered army officer lieutenant orders follow trail parker told trail myth haven seen trail weeks ago washed rains despite rapidly deteriorating health refused quit parker guided captain leading mission find kill took weeks miles ranges locate banks august reluctantly allowed scouts join command health continued deteriorate august asked surgeon medically discharge wood refused august led men scouts found camp band reduced men women children august approached camp soldiers fluent scouts alarm initial contact invited camp remained camp hostage left returned pounds tobacco gifts tobacco teased look told welcome camp safe come encouraged abandon fight army asked situation think like advised trust miles agreeing meet general miles band rode camp entrance united_states received agreed allow retain weapons defense nearby mexican troops left station send word miles leaving lieutenant command smith wood wanted prisoners war smith told wanted meeting men refused knew smith wanted murder bring miles smith persisted threatened blow head soldier line wood left write dispatch turned man smith finally relented troops arrived arizona incident september miles arrived september formally surrendered fourth final time september conclusion surrender turned said good told truth following day surrendered nearby canyon mourning brother killed mexican soldiers bringing wars official end southwest despite success miles orders final approach party instead reasoned larger party scared flee city arizona held gala event celebrate surrender invited guest honor miles refused let attend miles appointed aide camp lieutenant scrutiny miles role surrender given legitimacy strategy ghost dance war december reassigned regiment ordered operation hostile engaged final campaign culminated tragedy december developed shoulders unable arms cold weather january medical orders leave february september recovered rejoined stationed fort wyoming wyoming undergoing range war farmers known dispatched request acting governor red ranch set fire planted bomb form gunpowder barracks responding fire injured bomb blast barracks left arm shattered rendering disabled serve cavalry soon buffalo soldiers ordered replace death legacy november received orders denver colorado await muster army june sought position military advisor colorado aid miners strike colorado denied took leave absence army moved virginia recommended medal honor general gallantry going risk life hostile camp august denied acting secretary war distinguished hostile action suffered stomach pains went virginia treatment died stomach cancer body buried arlington national cemetery military honors colonel commander issued general order stated extreme sorrow regret colonel commanding regiment announced death lieutenant fort monroe said honor brave officer died rank lieutenant brilliant services government material advantages reverted regretted officer regiment extend family profound earnest sincere sympathy mark respect memory officers regiment wear usual badge mourning period days son january november joined army rose rank colonel campaigned recognition father later compiled published father memoirs role portrayed syndicated television series stories century starring narrated later portrayed film american legend played lieutenant episode | Charles B. Gatewood | Warfare | Military people | Military people (G –M) |
17888_HusaynibnHamdan | ibn ibn early member family distinguished general played major role rise power arab tribes entered service operation government established family leader arabs leading troops successful campaigns years distinguished generals rose power influence leading conspirators abortive coup coup failed forced flee capital soon secured pardon served governor distinguished military operations south central iran appointed governor remained rising revolt reasons unclear defeated captured imprisoned baghdad executed influence family rose high offices beginning long period entire ruled went establish autonomous respectively biography origin early career son family patriarch family belonged tribe established muslim conquests pattern repeated leaders took advantage collapse central authority decade long anarchy assert increasing control particular area centred established leading tribal leaders time led resistance attempts restore direct control rebels finally launched determined attack recover fled advance captured long pursuit thrown prison entrusted fortress left bank chose surrender instead offered services managed capture leader bringing end revolt exchange secured pardon father lifting tribute forced pay right form regiment cavalry government expense major success laying family ascent power words islamic scholar offered group experienced warriors skilled loyal leadership people offered prospect salaries booty family military command opportunity acquiring wealth government services fact independent tribal leader government arabs family fortune service led regiment distinction years fought ibn ibn played decisive role campaigns syrian desert experienced cavalry crucial highly mobile participated muhammad major victory leader ibn better known near leaders fled desert soon captured brought triumph baghdad participated commander vanguard muhammad campaign ended dynasty restored syria egypt direct control muhammad ibn reportedly offered governorship egypt refused preferring return baghdad enormous booty collected return egypt sent syria risen revolt drove desert filled wells retreated unable follow result rebels able reach defeated force raided pilgrims late end forces central government defeated drove flight retreat syria attacked annihilated march april victories entirely remove threat based continued remain active raided lower iraq signalled near sect syria subdued remaining rebels confronted drove syria invaded seeking defeating near distinguished service established leading generals kennedy enabled advance brothers positions power received offices important award governorship brother december involved palace plot new favour older december attacked killed ibn endorsed accession conspirators sought kill young palace proclaimed went palace persuade surrender unexpected resistance palace servants doomed coup prevailed fled baghdad spent time wandering followers sent brother pursue managed surprise defeat success encouraged contact new brother leading figure conspiracy participants coup executed imprisoned succeeded receiving pardon welcomed baghdad appointed governor governor aided campaign ibn ali later general rebel lieutenant forces succeeded suppressing rebellion captured person according celebratory poem later poet reports offered governorship refused returned baghdad probably intentions promptly dispatched governorship province encompassing eastern including post led raiding campaign byzantine_empire soon open rift developed reason unclear revolved finances province rose open rebellion assembling force arabs testament influence managed defeat army sent confronted recalled egypt defeated captured february trying flee north armenia brought baghdad publicly city ritual humiliation riding wearing cap shame prison executed october november orders reason execution unclear historian dynasty suggested involvement inspired conspiracy possibly connected dismissal second period rebellion autonomous governor ibn suspected ties imprisoned writes case feared released start revolt desire independence order avoid attempts probably numerous desired release secure force preferred measure stop intrigue despite rebellion execution family continued brothers soon released captivity rose prominence sharing ups downs court politics baghdad sons ali better known titles established family ruling dynasty semi independent respectively character assessment according stands clearly supreme commander military leaders period ability ambitious spirit singled arab descent unusual case senior leaders period unusually open minded ideological turmoil muslim world time indicated contact mystic dedicated work politics according participation abortive coup best seen light desire typical renewal establishment ideal muslim government corrupt longer capable finally fell brother found actual dynasty gave family taste power glory later celebrated poetry | Husayn ibn Hamdan | Warfare | Military people | Military people (G –M) |
18587_AlvinLuedecke | october august general world war commanded war retiring air_force general manager deputy director president early life career born texas october oldest children wife grew family ranch earned bachelor science degree chemical engineering commissioned second lieutenant field artillery reserve posted texas duty flying cadet february completing flight training field texas course march field california california received reserve commission second lieutenant february posted year group operations intelligence officer october commissioned regular second lieutenant posted 25th bombardment squadron france field panama canal zone world war assistant military air costa_rica guatemala honduras el_salvador panama nicaragua january august executive air officer field office panama canal zone promoted captain february major november lieutenant colonel january month returned united_states chief florida month chief latin american branch service central_america awarded appointed deputy commander based arizona executive officer 16th bombardment operations training wing june promotion colonel july august appointed chief operations training section india burma sector china burma india theater august promoted brigadier general age deputy chief staff november july assistant chief training intelligence service china awarded given british mention despatches commander order british empire awarded legion merit january oak leaf cluster october bronze star medal november ribbon awarded honorary degree cold war returned united_states february assigned joint war plans committee washington senior member october assistant director joint strategic plans group june posted executive military secretary march air_force deputy chief chief major general heart attack forced retire stepped chief rank major general starting practice form joint task force plan conduct series nuclear tests pacific frequent joint chiefs created joint task force permanent body assumed command april june succeeded chief rear admiral remained commander responsible planning preparation conduct operation operation services awarded later life retired air_force replace general manager appointed deputy director years worked ranger surveyor voyager space exploration programs services nasa awarded year returned associate dean engineering engineering research coordinator associate director acting president seven months death served executive vice president years science building campus named honor died san_antonio texas august buried fort sam houston national cemetery san_antonio survived wife son daughters sisters papers library | Alvin Luedecke | Warfare | Military people | Military people (G –M) |
18716_JacquesLeGris | sir december knight fourteenth century france gained fame engaged judicial duel permitted accused rape wife neighbour rival sir brought legal proceedings king hearing evidence authorised trial combat determine question duel attracted thousands spectators discussed notable french writers contemporary described large physically imposing character reputation man feudal favourite court governing large lord territory addition ancestral holdings insistence defending case trial combat opting safer church trial minor orders entitled attracted widespread support cause french nobility controversy continues day real guilt lies case early life born son minor norman unusually time educated taking minor orders church able read sufficiently mass like father man arms service role excelled participated minor military campaigns normandy entourage long service rewarded given command lord castles village career firm friends count service close year died godfather eldest son position great responsibility trust arrival count robert brother new count friendship strained able intelligent man soon new count favourites moved court lent reward confirmed given valuable estate rose lord esteem poorer frequently overlooked resulting deterioration friendship worsened death wife son men family ties shortly death family departed campaign thanks literacy military skills rose steadily importance count court travelling count went paris business course trips introduced royal court instrumental gaining prestigious title position household king legal difficulties engaged public argument domain returned wars new bride daughter controversial norman recently owned lands legally bought wanted took court return forced visit cousin king obtain royal approval purchase consequently furious eventual result isolated court subjected years legal struggles land denied purchase inheritance estates heavily involved legal disputes adviser count target accused lawsuits men achieved winter invited estate mutual friend celebrate birth son time brought wife society party acquaintance despite tension shook hands drank putting quarrel peers neighbours months later departed campaign scotland took opportunity increase influence count making substantial financial territorial gains rival absence returned year later knight bankrupt ill suffering aftermath long unsuccessful campaign appeared january involved confrontation friend known said men separated poor terms departed paris state trial rape weeks encounter word reached accusations wife known basis allegations fact claimed january whilst paris entered mother raped according testimony employ named knocked door demanded entry servants attending dame visiting neighbouring town legal business called inside gave message outside desired love protested broke house offering money exchange refused attempted force raped bed chamber help departed threatened violence told encounter charges brought faction court wife refused attend hearing convinced receiving unfair treatment count backed favourite trial clearing accusing dreaming charges visited court king appealed king right challenge judicial duel allow god decide case king referred case expected appear july informed king decision contacted widely considered best lawyer day france kept meticulous notes entire trial process record facts case known comments records suspicions client claims innocence considered false urged family lawyer insist tried church court minor orders right given favourable hearing court trial combat safer rebuffed advice angry challenged decision insisting right trial july justice paris faced time confrontation months stepped turn presented case king court throwing challenge picking signifying acceptance duel embellished case insisting proven innocent offence sue estate following number high ranking stepped forward act seconds duel men including saint count hearing challenges accusations debated case decided hearing evidence witnesses held determine guilt case decided normal means judicial duel held dispute god choosing victor criminal trial major figures case called evidence began proceedings followed heavily pregnant people low birth servants subject torture test testimony gave evidence case continued summer september conclusion case involved strategies attempted discredit opponent telling infamous temper describing case jealous invention man threatened beat wife accusations provided entire week question establishing whereabouts testimony backed court finally attempted demonstrate court physically impossible ridden winter crime supposedly took place single day round trip approximately miles trial progressed testimony suffered blows accusations directed shame accusations brought eyes court powerful reason charges invented trial progressed men providing named arrested paris charged rape charge seriously undermined testimony defence finally offered counter testimony court healthy strong man long experience stable horses like certainly mile trip difficulty accounting snow judicial duel faced conflicting accounts unable reach conclusion announced september men fight death november decide guilt case lost burnt stake fact duel delayed month king court contained country senior generals held campaign flanders return time eager rapidly event season king ordered duel postponed december present culmination day decreed travelled paris city northern suburbs abbey field converted ground wooden arena especially combat surrounded banks spectators royal box attending duel king john duke philip bold duke brother duke thousands ordinary visiting french thousands people flooded city days combat spectacle warned physically aid combatants pain death fight pain losing hand legal accounts describe course combat contemporary left records day battle according chronicles entered field present repeated accusations swore honesty marshal duel performed brief ceremony ceremony traditional battle performed maintaining social structure medieval france men social defeat senior rank lesser having raised status knight sir regained horse arena cleared knights heavily armed armoured protected hide wood shield bearing coat arms thick plate armour riding heavy wielding lance heavy battle axe long dagger known marshal signal silence descended field knights spurred horses charged striking shield causing significant damage struck failed penetrate scoring blows helmets remaining time turned charged struck time shattered sending wood arena nearly men regaining balance knights closed battle axes drawn trading furious handed blows engagement progressed superior strength began tell driven mighty swing axe severed spine horse dying beast ground clear meeting charge step allowing thrust axe pike deep stomach horse collapsed thrown lost axe rose drew turning meet advancing sword drawn combatants traded blows weapons sounds heard silent superior strength gave advantage pushing blade opponent thigh crowd fatal mistake withdrawing weapon stepped watch wounded enemy balance desperate threw forwards wrestling ground plate armour thick allow weapon penetrate heavy regain feet stranded ground struggled sword smash open lock crowd watched silence shouted exposed face confess crime death face hell replied hear god soul innocent crime enraged drew thrust throat killing instantly death crowd king greeted victor fine presents wealthy famous man result victory despite end forgotten duel immediate aftermath paris took charge body stripped armour clothing dragging streets alongside bodies murderers thieves eventually common grave memory kept alive family supporters years son paid masses said father man noble memory continued pay similar sums years death count retained favourable memories advisor taking revenge blocking efforts purchase land expand influence normandy legacy centuries death case important cultural legend france duel trial combat permitted french kings guilt innocence participants source great debate historians contemporary chronicler question guilt considers villain later writers different view including works repeat varying details tale culprit admitting guilt deathbed famous writers studied case include paris imaginative version legend repeated 1970s recently legal studies conducted french generally consider likely real culprit based evidence course prove major exception trend book written descendant named makes determined effort defend ancestor recently story studied work duel considers likely attracted interest reportedly planning feature film based book | Jacques Le Gris | Warfare | Military people | Military people (G –M) |
18818_QutaybaibnMuslim | ibn muslim ibn muslim arabic ibn muslim ibn arab commander army governor distinguished conquest arabic reign capable soldier administrator consolidated muslim rule area expanded border include consolidated muslim control native conquered conquered completed conquest capture opened road valley years life led annual campaigns extending muslim control increase strained manpower initiated wide scale levy native soldiers fought alongside arab muslim troops following death insecure position new regime rebelled failed secure support army defeated killed conquests lost years death muslim position restored line reached region come muslim control origin early life born family influential father muslim ibn enjoyed favour fell close rose noticed powerful governor iraq east ibn suppression revolt patronage took rebel ibn city governor late early ibn appointed governor choice hailed relatively weak tribe intended heal destructive feud north arab tribal providing governor belong neutral groups generally allied policy power dominant governorship ibn furthermore lacked strong tribal base expected remain firmly attached patron spend years life consolidating expanding muslim rule military diplomatic abilities came good importantly able enlist support local iranian population powerful iranian gentry class conquests arabs reached decade decisive victory completed conquest seizing arab attacks ranged far little raids aiming seizing booty tribute interrupted warfare broke subsequent governors notably ibn ibn attempts conquer territory river failed native princes tried exploit arabs rivalries aid arab ibn seized fortress domain managed arabs holdings princes remained feuds failed unite face arab conquest fact suitably exploited conquest task set suppression rebellion accomplished swiftly secured submission local princes upper valley notably king invited aid dispute ruler nearby northern mountainous districts extensive negotiations led persian ruler surrendered pledged accompany expeditions occupied long bloody conquest time divided civil war seized ruler nearby local magnate declared king taking advantage conflict able easily capture city month siege left small garrison departed inhabitants launched revolt soon arab army turned proceeded sack city men fighting age executed women children sold slaves enormous booty amassed especially armour weapons equipped arab army brutal punishment shocked region princes united arab accounts mention participation troops probably campaign able capture outlying towns threatened rear allied army avoided battle engaged negotiations gain time executing rapid retreat safety iron gate crossing river campaign failure drew drew new plan subordinate arabs launched direct attack caught alliance possibly weakened death leader surprise city taken storm tribute imposed arab garrison installed direct aftermath ruler sent envoys tributary vassal success followed rebellion autumn support city effort raise entire region revolt forced nominal join uprising year advanced direct confrontation muslim levy based army disbanded ordered brother garrison men head secure muslim position proved effective rebellion local princes spring able establish muslim control rebel rulers fled finally captured executed orders despite promises pardon exiled damascus kept hostage firmly incorporated arab district representatives appointed alongside local princes gradually relegated secondary positions brother installed garrison near oversee affairs province despite swift end revolt king decided rebel led forces besieged citadel took king fell battle supporters executed marched west iron gate taking visiting settled relations arabs locals installed young prince position established arab military colony city later built mosque city citadel arab authorities encouraged conversion native population paying attend prayers proceeded slowly time began adopt measure marked radical departure previous practice east ordered raising native auxiliary usually thousand strong composed non converts supplement arab tribal army measure later expanded include newly conquered territories suggests seen answer need troops control conquered territories continue muslim expansion means placing local manpower arab service time reducing risk anti arab revolts suggests creation indigenous force attempt establish power base appears recruited special corps known nobility skill known pierce pupils eyes apparently served bodyguard local converts emerged foremost leader appears frequently account main military leader chief later ordered march kingdom ruler titled long remained arabs province repeated expeditions failed truce agreed exchange tribute addition existence free kingdom threat security muslim control encouraged seek support led large army south readily offered submission payment tribute satisfied easy success unwilling hazard campaign mountains departed garrisons installed soon arab army departed ceased payment tribute victories parallel conquests northwestern india enthusiasm hopes muslims reputed offered governorship china reached conquest expeditions valley taking advantage absence south inhabitants ruler passive stance arabs installed prince prepared march winter received envoys king previously subdued ibn soon forces departed renounced treaty subsequent efforts ibn failed given faced rebellion younger brother powerful rival king asked help offering recognition money livestock payment tribute exchange announcing head advanced troops lightning campaign capital brother defeated killed troops battle took prisoners executed followers captured executed rebelled shortly departure killed replaced governor brother revolt persisted capture strong force ibn sent subdue region local dynasty left place son new conquest accompanied great brutality 11th century scholar compares events sack arabs proceeded massacre upper classes revolt destroyed great objects culture including manuscripts leaving initially turned army grown weary demanded end campaign march suddenly turned army disbanded forces arabs reinforced able brush aside local resistance advance straight city lay siege inhabitants city resisted arabs determination called rulers aid ruler sent strong army aid ambushed destroyed arabs news arrived time arab siege weapons effected breach city walls forcing sue peace initially granted surprisingly terms payment annual tribute provision auxiliary corps construction mosque inside city celebration prayers arab army inside city proceeded occupy garrison brothers accounts differ left governor orders given prohibiting non muslim access city citadel left city founded new town north enabled bring albeit tentative control considerably prestige arab sources indicate time princes called western turks help arabs chronology accounts open question rate years engaged effort push borders gain control valley large force supported marched valley early native dispatched reportedly taken arabs marched direction little known expeditions successful battles recorded dispatch arab embassy chinese court verified chinese sources reports marched chinese held territory claim dismissed modern scholars renewed expeditions probably base campaign cut short receiving news death unsure position patron gone disbanded army returned rebellion death quickly confirmed governor province independent governor iraq position secure arab army tired constant campaigning rivalries alienated powerful arab tribal groups generally popular native leader native secretly turned completely unaware situation began preparations campaign intended finally capture complete valley concern old rival ibn restored favour death took precautions removing family belongings placing guard campaign way news reached army death accession brother throne new bitter enemy argued favour excluding succession confirmed position governor feared soon removed negotiations new regime damascus failed resolved rebel arabs refused support native favourably disposed prevented declaring support family fellow bodyguard remained faithful opposition led tribe leader august according early according members family killed arab soldiers succeeded governor ordered army return disbanded death arab position swiftly successors command prestige local population unable maintain conquests face local revolts invasion abandoned contested territory years death period arabs suffered grave defeats day battle pass weakened internal conflicts ibn able restore control decisive victory new chinese armies battle local princes accept muslim control final south ceased payment tribute remained independent decades role conquest gradual crucial later times number locations tomb supposedly located pilgrims descendants continued hold influential positions son served governor son governed nephew muslim governor especially numerous sons continued high office 9th century | Qutayba ibn Muslim | Warfare | Military people | Military people (G –M) |
19047_RichardMinifie | february march australian fighter pilot flying ace world war born victoria attended travelling united_kingdom enlisted june accepted flight training completed instruction december joined naval squadron western january flying went score seventeen aerial victories type machine year youngest australian flying ace world war naval squadron highest scoring ace unit equipped late going achieve victories aircraft raising final tally score aircraft shot crash landed german held territory march spent remainder war prisoner war camps germany released end war captain september returning australia joined staff father flour business served squadron leader royal_australian_air_force second world war returned flour industry war managing director died age seventy early life born victoria february englishman flour miller australian wife née youth attended appointed lieutenant school cadet unit completing secondary studies later year won scholarship world war residing victoria year decided postpone studies travelled united_kingdom enlisted crystal palace london june accepted flight training rank flight sub lieutenant spent following months naval establishments dover earning wings granted substantive rank flight sub lieutenant october posted wing graduating pilot october early allotted wing naval squadron france flying aircraft score heavily february march squadron continually action sector western april squadron maintained high operational tempo launch offensive air battle april credited aerial victories shooting solo effort sharing destruction second fellow australian flight sub lieutenant naval squadron months participated highly effective ground missions simultaneously adding tally aircraft brought ace period years age youngest australian ace world war promoted acting flight lieutenant july taking offensive later month august destroyed german scout plane forcing machine flames scoring seventh victory days later executed raid german flying height feet fired rounds ammunition cited efforts bringing german aircraft assaults ground targets april september awarded notice decoration supplement london gazette november august october credited german aircraft bringing total seventeen far achieved victories making squadron highest scoring ace aircraft commanding officer friend fellow australian ace lieutenant commander single victory machine late october squadron returned united_kingdom order equip november london gazette carried announcement awarded bar consequence conspicuous gallantry air fighting october resulted personal destruction enemy machines returning western went score additional aerial victories march promoted acting flight commander later month acted squadron commanding officer transition command dallas lieutenant commander march led party aircraft patrol airborne group intercepted formation german scout planes ensuring battle personally destroyed aircraft shot men scout planes final victories war raising ultimate tally aircraft shot making seventh highest scoring australian ace conflict aerial achievements composed shared aircraft destroyed shared control captured result gallantry operating hostile forces particularly air battle march awarded second bar distinguished service cross announcement accompanying citation published london gazette april reading honours king pleased approve award following decorations medals officers receive act courage daring face enemy particularly 13th march date patrol machines attacked enemy patrol scouts destroying whilst destroyed officer act destroyed numerous hostile machines march took sortie flight forced crash land german held territory near belgium exact circumstances forced land unknown came result shot duel machine suffering engine failure subsequently captured german forces taken prisoner war spent remainder war prison camps germany dallas later wrote mother informing richard taken prisoner war letter described brilliant pilot air fighter stated aerial victories gained clean clever fighting modest great achievements april combined form royal_air_force personnel services transferring new branch promoted captain day released captivity following armistice germany november returning united_kingdom december returned australia placed royal_air_force unemployed list november post war career later life australia took scholarship studying mathematics science soon withdrew course opting join father flour business ceremony october married couple children father died year collaboration brother james father business partner continued manage run subsequent decades trio successful business ventures significantly expanding company june enlisted royal_australian_air_force service second world war accepted officer wing promoted flying officer granted acting rank squadron leader august appointed commander squadron returning flour business war appointed president following year managing director associated companies addition selected president flour representative relinquished positions retirement died march cremated survived wife son daughters | Richard Minifie | Warfare | Military people | Military people (G –M) |
19124_HermannGöring | german january october german politician military leader leading member veteran world war fighter pilot ace recipient pour known blue max commander fighter wing led member earliest days wounded failed coup known beer hall addicted treated drug injuries helping adolf hitler power second powerful man germany founded later gave command appointed commander chief luftwaffe air force position held final days world war peak power influence minister charge year plan responsible functioning german economy build world war hitler promoted rank rank senior commanders hitler designated successor deputy offices standing hitler reduced beginning luftwaffe failed stop allied bombing german cities unable resupply german forces trapped largely withdrew military political scene focused acquisition property artwork taken jewish victims holocaust informed april hitler intended commit suicide sent telegram hitler requesting permission assume control considering act treason hitler removed positions expelled party ordered arrest world war convicted war crimes crimes humanity trials sentenced death hanging committed suicide night sentence carried early life born january bavaria father october december cavalry officer governor general german modern day children previous marriage fourth children second wife july peasant elder siblings younger brother albert time born father serving consul general haiti mother returned home briefly birth left week old baby friend bavaria child years returned germany godfather wealthy jewish physician businessman father met africa provided family surviving pension family home berlin small castle called near mother mistress time remained years acquired minor title service donations crown interested career soldier early age enjoyed playing toy soldiers dressing boer uniform father given sent boarding school age food poor discipline harsh sold violin pay train ticket home took bed illness told return continued enjoy war games pretending lay siege castle studying legends mountain scaling peaks germany austrian alps sixteen sent military academy graduated distinction war crimes trials psychologist measured having intelligence joined prussian army year mother falling family forced leave moved munich father died shortly world war began august stationed regiment world war year world war served infantry regiment area garrison town french frontier hospitalized result damp trench warfare recovering friend convinced transfer october air combat force german army request turned later year flew observer informally transferred discovered sentenced weeks confinement barracks sentence carried time supposed imposed association official assigned team flew reconnaissance bombing missions crown prince invested class completing pilot training course assigned seriously wounded hip aerial combat took nearly year recover transferred commanded february steadily scored air victories assigned command serving continued win victories addition 1st 2nd class received swords swords class finally pour according knew men lobby award finished war victories thorough post war examination allied loss records showed claimed victories doubtful possible certain highly likely july following death successor commander famed flying circus arrogance unpopular men squadron days war repeatedly ordered withdraw squadron point ordered surrender aircraft allies refused pilots intentionally crash landed planes falling enemy hands like german veterans proponent stab legend belief held german_army lost war instead betrayed civilian leadership jews especially republicans overthrown german monarchy world war remained aviation war tried briefly worked spending living denmark moved sweden joined swedish airline hired private flights winter hired fly castle stockholm invited spend night time seen emblem set chimney piece family badge time saw future wife count introduced sister law née estranged husband years year old son immediately asked meet stockholm arranged visit home parents spent time left munich political science university obtained divorce followed munich married february home hunting lodge alps near kilometres munich met adolf_hitler joined moved suburb munich early nazi career joined hearing speech hitler given command later appointed lieutenant general held rank rolls time liked hitler played meetings leading nazis including husband hitler hitler later recalled early association liked head heads ran properly gave short time organised division men hitler held mass meetings rallies munich early 1920s attempting gain supporters bid political power inspired march rome nazis attempted seize power november failed coup known beer hall hitler heading march shot leg fourteen nazis policemen killed nazis including hitler arrested help smuggled received surgery given pain remained hospital december beginning addiction lasted imprisonment authorities munich declared wanted man short funds reliant good nazi abroad moved austria venice visited rome florence met expressed interest meeting hitler prison personal problems continued mother ill difficulty raised money spring journey sweden austria czechoslovakia poland danzig violent family shocked deterioration ill weak heart allow doctors charge son taken father certified dangerous drug placed asylum september violent point confined psychiatrist felt condition caused solely drug left facility briefly return treatment returned germany amnesty declared resumed working aircraft industry hitler written prison released december ill tuberculosis died heart failure october period rebuilding waiting economy recovered meant fewer opportunities nazis change reorganised head founded initially bodyguard hitler membership party increased elections party obtained seats available elected representative bavaria wall street crash led disastrous german economy election won votes seats hitler sent mission vatican met future pope july election nazis won seats far away largest party longstanding tradition nazis entitled select president able elect post fire fire occurred night february arrive scene van der communist radical arrested claimed sole responsibility fire immediately called crackdown communists nazis took advantage fire advance political aims passed day hitler urging suspended basic rights allowed detention trial activities suppressed communist party members arrested demanded shot head prussian political police ignored order researchers including opinion responsible starting fire trials general testified admitted responsibility starting fire said held hitler birthday said knows set fire testimony denied story second marriage early 1930s company actress hamburg married april berlin wedding celebrated huge scale large reception held night berlin opera house fighter aircraft flew overhead night reception day ceremony daughter born june nazi hitler named chancellor germany january appointed minister portfolio minister commissioner aviation named minister head hoped create unified police force germany november established prussian police force head force called thinking ruthless use effectively counteract power handed control april time numbered million men hitler deeply concerned chief planning coup plotted use crush members got wind proposed action thousands took streets violent demonstrations night june enraged hitler ordered arrest leadership shot dead cell refused commit suicide personally went lists numbering thousands determined shot people killed period june july known night long knives hitler admitted july killings entirely illegal claimed plot underway overthrow law passed making action legal criticism met arrests terms treaty versailles place end world war stated germany allowed maintain air force signing police aircraft permitted appointed minister germany began accumulate aircraft violation treaty existence luftwaffe formally acknowledged aviation minister cabinet meeting september hitler announced german programme sped october hitler named year plan undertake task created new organisation administer plan drew labour agriculture umbrella bypassed economics ministry policy making decisions minister charge huge expenditures spite growing resigned december took position control way institutions brought control auspices year plan july established state ownership led aim steel production level private enterprise economically provide involved affair led war minister field marshal army commander general acted witness wedding year old january information received police showed young bride prostitute felt tell hitler saw event opportunity dispose field marshal forced resign want appointed position superior days later revealed file contained allegations homosexual activity blackmail charges later proven false lost hitler trust forced resign hitler opportunity leadership military asked post war minister turned appointed rank field marshal hitler took supreme commander armed forces created subordinate posts head main branches service minister charge year plan concerned lack natural resources germany began pushing austria incorporated province rich iron ore deposits country home skilled labourers useful hitler favour takeover austria native country met february austrian chancellor threatening invasion peaceful unification forthcoming legal austria gain power base referendum scheduled march hitler approve wording austrian head state demand resignation threatening invasion german troops civil unrest members resigned march cancelled morning german troops border marched austria meeting resistance named foreign minister february continued involve foreign affairs july contacted british government idea official visit discuss germany intentions czechoslovakia favour meeting talk pact signed britain germany february visited warsaw quell rumours upcoming invasion poland conversations hungarian government summer discussing potential role invasion czechoslovakia rally september speakers denounced inferior race conquered chamberlain met hitler series meetings led signing munich agreement september turned control germany world war success fronts senior officers concerned germany ready war hitler insisted pushing ahead soon possible invasion poland opening action world war began dawn september later day speaking hitler designated successor germany big german victories followed quick succession help luftwaffe defeated week seized vital airfields norway captured fort belgium luftwaffe played critical roles battles netherlands belgium france spring fall france hitler awarded grand cross successful leadership field marshal ceremony hitler promoted rank greater german special rank senior field military including luftwaffe result promotion ranking soldier germany end war received knight september commander chief luftwaffe declared war germany immediately invasion poland july hitler began preparations invasion britain plan royal_air_force raf bombing raids commenced british air installations cities centres industry announced radio speech single enemy aircraft flies german soil return raf began bombing german cities confident luftwaffe defeat raf days like admiral commander chief kriegsmarine navy chance success planned invasion hoped victory air force peace invasion campaign failed postponed indefinitely september defeat luftwaffe attempted defeat britain strategic bombing october hitler cancelled onset winter end year clear british morale shaken blitz bombings continued decline fronts spite pact signed nazi_germany began invasion soviet_union june initially luftwaffe advantage destroying thousands soviet aircraft month fighting hitler staff sure campaign christmas provisions reserves men equipment july germans planes remaining operation troop losses men choice concentrate attack vast efforts directed capturing moscow long successful hitler ordered halt advance moscow temporarily diverted groups north south aid pause provided opportunity fresh reserves historian considers major factors caused failure moscow offensive resumed october poor weather conditions fuel shortages delay building aircraft bases eastern_europe supply lines factors hitler permission partial retreat mid january time losses comparable french invasion russia hitler decided summer campaign concentrated south efforts capture battle major turning point war began august bombing campaign luftwaffe entered city location line possible soviets trap reinforcements supplies surrounded end november promised luftwaffe able deliver minimum tons supplies trapped men day basis assurances hitler demanded retreat fight man able supplies delivered exceeded tons day remnants men army surrendered early february captives survived russian prisoner war camps germany war germany strength american british bomber fleets increased based britain began operations german targets thousand bomber raid staged cologne air raids continued targets britain auxiliary fuel tanks installed american fighter aircraft refused believe reports american fighters shot far east winter reputation began decline american range miles began accompany bombers large numbers target area early point onwards luftwaffe began suffer casualties sufficiently replace targeting oil rail communications allied bombers crippled german war effort late german civilians blamed failure protect homeland hitler began excluding conferences continued positions head luftwaffe year plan lost hitler trust began spend time residences day june luftwaffe fighters small number bombers area landings allies total strength aircraft end war soviets approached berlin hitler efforts organize defence city meaningless futile birthday celebrated berlin april occasion leave taking nazis included time evacuated building destroyed art treasures moved arrived estate april day hitler lengthy generals publicly admitted war lost intended remain berlin end commit suicide stated better position negotiate peace settlement week start soviet invasion hitler issued decree naming successor event death operations chief present hitler notified chief staff meeting hours later sensing implications immediately flew feared accused treason tried power hand feared accused duty reviewed copy decree naming hitler successor placed line succession stated hitler lost freedom action complete authority act hitler behalf deputy state secretary concluded remaining berlin face certain death hitler governing agreed clear duty power hitler motivated fears rival seize power hitler death killed traitor mind sent carefully telegram asking hitler permission leader germany stressing acting hitler deputy added hitler reply night april assume hitler lost freedom action assume leadership telegram intercepted convinced hitler traitor telegram demand resign overthrown hitler sent reply prepared help informing resigned immediately executed high treason soon afterward hitler removed offices ordered staff placed house arrest announcement radio resigned health reasons april complex attack allies moved castle testament hitler expelled party formally rescinded decree making successor appointed navy commander chief president commander chief armed forces hitler wife committed suicide april hours hastily arranged wedding freed passing luftwaffe unit way american lines hopes surrendering russians taken custody near elements united_states_army likely saved life ordered executed berlin fallen trial death flown camp temporary prisoner war camp housed palace hotel les mild derivative taking equivalent grains day strict diet lost pounds tested custody found nazi officials transferred september location series military beginning november second highest ranking nazi official tried president admiral prosecution indictment charges including charge conspiracy war aggression war crimes including removal germany works art property crimes humanity including disappearance political opponents und night fog decree torture ill treatment prisoners war murder civilians including time estimated jews permitted present lengthy statement declared sense indictment guilty trial lasted days prosecution presented case november march defence presented lasted march sentences read september forced remain silent seated dock communicated opinions proceedings gestures shaking head laughing constantly took notes defendants tried control erratic behaviour seated breaks proceedings tried dominate defendants eventually placed solitary confinement attempted influence testimony captain german speaking american intelligence officer psychologist interviewed prison trial gilbert kept journal later published diary describes evening april trials halted day easter cell evening defensive happy turn trial taking said control actions defense anti semitic believed atrocities jews offered testify behalf occasions course trial prosecution showed films concentration camps atrocities present including found contents films shocking said films faked witnesses including tried portray peaceful moderate stated impossible oppose hitler orders likely meant death oneself family behalf emphasised loyalty hitler claimed know happened concentration camps control gave convoluted answers direct questions plausible actions war witness stand venue great length role attempting present diplomat outbreak war cross examination chief prosecutor read minutes meeting held shortly major november meeting plotted jewish property wake later proved impossible known iii murders shooting airmen recaptured escaping time prevented killings presented clear evidence knew hungarian jews found guilty counts sentenced death hanging judgment stated said moving force second leader leading war political military leader director slave labour programme creator oppressive programme jews races home abroad crimes frankly admitted specific cases conflict testimony terms broad outline sufficiently wide conclusive guilt guilt unique record man appeal asking shot soldier instead hanged common criminal court refused sentence imposed captors committed suicide potassium capsule night hanged theory obtained poison holds lieutenant stationed trials retrieved hiding place personal effects confiscated army handed prisoner gave gold watch pen cigarette case private served 1st 26th infantry regiment honour guard trials claimed gave medicine hidden inside fountain pen german woman asked prison later said know suicide body executed men displayed execution ground witnesses executions bodies cremated munich ashes scattered personal properties jewish property gave opportunity personal fortune properties seized acquired nominal price cases collected bribes allowing steal jewish property took favourable decisions year plan director money supplying arms spanish republicans spanish civil war greece germany supporting franco nationalists appointed master hunt master instituted reforms forestry laws acted protect endangered species time interested set aside acres km2 state park extant built elaborate hunting lodge memory wife body transported site placed vault estate main lodge large art gallery displayed works plundered private collections museums europe onward worked closely organisation tasked looting artwork cultural material jewish collections libraries museums europe headed task force set collection centre headquarters paris railroad cars art treasures furniture looted items sent germany france repeatedly visited paris headquarters review incoming stolen goods select items sent special train homes estimated value collection numbering pieces million known extravagant tastes clothing special uniforms posts held uniform included jewel pilot war recalled twice meeting dressed costumes medieval hunting costume practicing doctor second dressed red golden smoking unusually large pipe italian foreign minister noted wearing fur coat looked like high grade prostitute wears opera threw lavish parties time round construction completed changed costumes times evenings noted patronage music especially opera entertained frequently hosted elaborate birthday parties armaments minister recalled guests brought expensive gifts gold bars dutch valuable artwork birthday gave marble bust hitler member required donate considerable portion salary council birthday gift asked field marshal told similar donations required general fund birthday italian foreign minister decorated collar award reduced tears design standard light blue field featured gold german eagle reverse flag grand cross iron cross surrounded luftwaffe eagles flag carried personal standard bearer public occasions liked called der iron man muscular fighter pilot nazi leaders offense hearing jokes matter rude taking sign popularity germans joked ego saying wear admiral uniform bath sits stomach joke claimed sent wire hitler visit vatican mission accomplished pope perfect fit holocaust far mainly adopted attitude party politics required deputy jewish parent supported laws later initiated economic measures unfavourable jews required registration jewish property year plan meeting held financial burden jewish losses good german owned insurance companies proposed jews fined billion marks meeting options disposition jews property discussed jews segregated encouraged property seized programme compensation seized property low given detailed minutes meeting documents read trial proving knowledge persecution jews told gilbert supported anti jewish measures known going happen thought eliminate jews positions big business government claimed july issued memo ordering organise practical details solution jewish question time letter written jews killed poland russia conference held months later formally announced genocide jews europe official policy attend conference present meetings number people killed discussed support anti nazi brother younger brother albert despised offered active resistance regime including helping prisoners escape concentration camps arrested times secured release time daughter told guardian albert certainly help people need financially personal influence soon necessary involve higher authority officials support father decorations awards german iron cross 2nd class september 1st class march 2nd class september 1st class september september victories luftwaffe french campaign award decoration july golden party badge pour knight military merit order blood order commemorative medal november 1st 2nd class foreign grand order rising sun japan member class order michael brave kingdom romania knight order stephen kingdom hungary commander order sword kingdom sweden knight order crown italy kingdom italy | Hermann Göring | Warfare | Military people | Military people (G –M) |
19137_HarryKizirian | armenian july september armenian american member served world war service lasted february february spent seventeen months overseas took landed assault wave heading marine fire team having awarded combat purple heart twice considered decorated marines world war decorated rhode_island appointed providence age youngest united_states instrumental establishing automated post office country providence post office operational model united_states worldwide widely known state rhode_island post office plaza elementary school named honor united_states federal building named armenian american inducted regarded national treasure honored numerous organizations life generation armenian american born home july rhode_island son born near ottoman_empire mother came united_states 1920s losing husband seven children armenian genocide father employed mother housewife active sports offered scholarship declined offer attend local closer friends athlete class played football team years captain senior year years old father died harry responsible care mother care family immediate needs worked meat packing plant unloading sides beef freight cars got temporary position providence post office years finishing high school february day graduation high school enlisted sent overseas october assigned 6th spending seventeen months overseas returned providence married new_york years return underwent treatment wounds suffered battle spite undergoing major left permanent disabilities recovering life threatening illness removed percent stomach entered career returned providence post office substitute clerk appointed promotions received life president congress unanimously confirmed appointment age youngest country tenure instrumental establishing automated post office providence post office model post offices world later remarked nation earth didn send representatives new post office removed position amid opposition senators despite protests employees wore said love harry position eliminated subsequently retired wife children thomas richard died september age funeral procession held saint armenian church providence buried swan point cemetery world war battle okinawa joined marine_corps february sent overseas training assigned company 22nd marines solomon islands serving fire team leader participated invasion okinawa april landing assault wave charged enemy machine gun position pinned members unit platoon forced enemy withdrawal marine unit continue advance enemy wounded attack enemy fire team joined marine unit advance japanese company moved east day ridge company attacked seized japanese air strip stopped short rest injuries included shell fragments shoulders arms despite wounds continued fighting awarded bronze star medal combat purple heart medal actions citation reads heroic achievement connection operations japanese enemy serving fire team leader marine rifle company corporal seeing unit advancing platoon pinned enemy machine gun fire charged enemy enabling trapped unit continue advance wounded closed firing rapidly succeeded driving enemy weapon men trapped unit continued assault corporal leading fire team joined prompt heroic action corporal assisted continued advance platoon actions time keeping highest traditions month recover wounds rejoined unit assigned marines battled ridge capital city separate occasions tossed air japanese artillery mortar fire provided covering fire members unit retreating slope company moved burial ground japanese soldiers hiding holes dug nearby operation head responded killing enemy combatants later recall shot clips guys got got moments later enemy rushed sword managed kill enemy pistol took sword battalion commander killed soon orders arrived seek destroy enemy combatants june assigned special task patrolling locate elements enemy reserve platoon unit moved attack japanese soldiers entrenched ridge line smoke dust noticed wounded marine heavy machine gun fire safety placed line fire single attacked enemy japanese special naval landing forces confronted shot legs abdomen unable walk managed way forward position able shoot kill soldiers manning machine gun actions awarded second highest medal united_states military citation provides details event presented corporal extraordinary heroism serving second marines action enemy japanese forces okinawa june returning assigned mission locating elements reserve platoon private class observed party marines pinned suffering casualties attempting evacuate wounded adjacent unit determined reach position deliver accurate fire enemy moved forward immediately exposed additional hostile fire wounded legs abdomen continued drag forward pressure alternately firing advancing killed japanese outstanding courage aggressive fighting spirit private class enabled party advance evacuate wounded devotion duty keeping highest traditions making recovery marine units took capital city preparing assault unit fought way crest hill dug standing watch company command post inside okinawa burial ground replacements joined company japanese soldiers harassed lines positions inexperienced soldiers ordered fired irregular intervals scene distract enemy idea proved successful newly arrived marines soon situation control break fighting okinawa photographed member press picture later appeared cover june issue new_york_times photograph face battle thousands americans serving seventeen months overseas received discharge marine_corps february military awards military decorations awards include awarded rhode_island governor extraordinary heroism world war recipients medal highest military award state rhode_island awards recognition presented retirement special stamp cancellation showing flag raising issued honor october honored tribute attended senator rhode_island governor letters read february president bill_clinton signed house resolution renamed post office located street providence rhode_island united_states federal building named armenian american opening ceremony attended mayor house representative senator governor rhode_island area outside post office named honor additionally passed resolution renamed received seven seals award rhode_island committee employer support recognition year term state chairman bestowed alumni service award received honorary doctorate received honorary doctor public service degree private nonprofit foundation serves assist nonprofit social service agencies state rhode_island named award community service served member board directors providence member community advisory board commission medal honor recipients rhode_island director served commander detachment commander state commandant member veterans foreign wars past department commanders united_states chairman capital development committee served general chairman member chairman federal department president branch united_states received numerous postal awards chairman march february heart month new england march served member corporation trustee active armenian community member member local retirement worked time consultant messenger service providence continued heading dinner committees active bristol quotations asked went mind blown air enemy bombardment responded wondered going poor angel know angels wings uncommon marine advice youth let young people war awful way describe wins war don let historian tell differently | Harry Kizirian | Warfare | Military people | Military people (G –M) |
19200_FranklinMatthias | march december american civil engineer directed construction nuclear site key facility manhattan_project world war graduate joined junior hydraulic engineer worked hydroelectric projects april called active duty united_states_army joined area engineer manhattan_project site supervised enormous construction effort included chemical separation plants large known queen world production scale nuclear war went brazil helped build hydroelectric facility joined involved construction hydroelectric dam aluminum project northern british_columbia des passes project quebec vice president early life born wisconsin march son older brothers norman younger brother instructor hydraulic engineering received degree civil engineering master science degree civil engineering joined reserve officers training corps editor president university member blade national officer august married fellow graduate taught speech therapy schools wisconsin hired junior hydraulic engineer worked hydroelectric hydraulic problems construction planning plant design left spent year working contractor worked johnson construction company tunnels world war april called active duty united_states_army lieutenant joined received rapid promotion december year old lieutenant colonel accompanied colonel wilmington delaware discuss location proposed production plant representatives point assigned manhattan_project mission build atomic bomb worked special studies worked director brigadier general construction pentagon choice area engineer project initially intention locate plant manhattan_project production facilities tennessee concerns arisen dangers atomic explosion lay miles away larger site required facilities separated sparsely populated accessible area access abundant water electric power returned meeting met instructed survey team find suitable site surveyed sites california washington chose area washington later recalled far working relationship concerned course differences day fortunate project construction manager operations manager people deal respect good working relationship remember time read assistant chief engineer called said church having big argument replied guys don arguments worth damn isolation site known exercised administrative autonomy manhattan_project area engineers number personnel assigned office grew construction work commenced acre site april size construction work force eventually reached june workers employed site scale task enormous supervised construction buildings miles roads miles miles railroad track chemical separation plants world production scale nuclear foot chemical separation plants separated large known queen ocean liner dangerously radioactive queen concrete walls feet thick operations remote control production batch dissolved separation plant december january personally batch los_angeles handed took fat man bomb bombing nagasaki wartime services awarded distinguished service medal later life left army went brazil project manager construction hydroelectric facility eventually manager engineering brazilian traction late joined project manager engineering construction hydroelectric dam aluminum project northern british_columbia moved montreal director engineering worked des passes project joined oakland california vice president heavy construction hydroelectric engineering vice president retired age registered professional engineer wisconsin california nebraska pennsylvania british_columbia years retirement remained active consultant working firms including electric member wrote chapter construction services handbook heavy construction informed cancer lungs liver died week later december nursing home california survived son michael younger brother second wife married october died daughter died papers library wilmington delaware | Franklin Matthias | Warfare | Military people | Military people (G –M) |
19387_HonoréThéodoreMaximeGazandelaPeyrière | october april french general fought french revolutionary wars napoleonic wars started military career later appointed beginning french revolution joined service valley netherlands joined switzerland fought battles august commanded division army encircled austrians november division provided advance guard advance vienna extended line march division surrounded lost percent force battle following prussian defeat battle transferred peninsula participated french capture important actions long war including days eventually joined napoleon cause field command judged trial treason refused reach verdict briefly unsuccessfully politics 1820s raised french held divisional command old man retired died family early military career born small town father lawyer sent received military training second lieutenant age appointed company afterward joined french revolutionary wars outbreak french revolution returned joined national_guard captain lieutenant colonel local volunteer battalion var declaration war austria sent 27th regiment regiment served garrison duty december participated battalion commander new 54th july routed ordering beat charge convincing outnumbered promoted brigade colonel july led troops victory joined army rhine command campaign promoted brigadier general recognition outstanding achievements battle wounded november taken hospital recovery met marriage frequently accompanied campaigns children swiss campaign april superior friend transferred time located northeastern swiss plateau took command weak manned brigade small town northern switzerland newly appointed general division took command forward line protecting main french force following day friedrich baron arrived close battle hardened experienced austrian border troops including 12th infantry battalion hungarian squadrons ensuing clash ordered manned brigade center soon overwhelmed retreat safely crossed bridge spanning small river cavalry guarding bridge forced batteries slight protect retreat austrians injured handed command organized conducted successful retreat days later battle june austrian force french lines commanded rear guard force army withdrew river later year faced combined austrian russian force second battle september division repulsed russian outposts river subsequently participated wild pursuit austrians resulting decisive french victory promoted division commander continued campaign coalition troops switzerland accompanied general division included 30th light infantry portions 2nd 3rd line infantry totaling approximately men corps campaigned central northern italy besieged genoa austrian army british naval squadron moved corps east relieve genoa participated battle april commanded right wing battle april clashes division outnumbered nearly took heavy casualties french heavy casualties later month participated clash april relieve genoa organized assaults strong austrian positions city division column main force approximately men attacked stronger austrian position command prince taken prisoner general brigade killed cavalry commander badly wounded defeat seen genoa caused french garrison morale units near mutiny food scarce wounded took troops joined commanded division fought french victory battle december austrians appointed commander peace returned home shortly return received new assignment commander brigade northern italy stayed declaration french empire service napoleonic wars war coalition initially assigned division commander napoleon preparation planned invasion england remained idea abandoned august commanded division army encircled austrians november marshal division provided advance guard march army advanced narrow division isolated main force near small village danube famous prison end twelfth century division trapped narrow canyon attacked russian force rear russians division fought desperately day suffered percent casualties finally rescued arrival viii corps 1st division commanded loss nearly men addition officers men captured lost guns eagles eagle recognition conduct immortal received survivors division sent vienna austria sued peace division sent bavaria remained prussia declared war october division fought french victory prussia battle october february troops took guns russian colors troops stayed winter quarters new peace treaty troops sent restore order named early war october attached corps went spain arrived december city siege defended spanish ordered attack january capture city street street fighting french took block houses blew prevented spanish street fighters slipping houses method effective assignment fortified jesus convent surrendered february corps occupied northern afterward july force guarded valleys near september fought spanish general january crossed sierra guard supply march 2nd besieged captured small fortified town eastern portugal captured guns man portuguese garrison general squadrons battalions moved cannons following week combined force 1st 7th portuguese cavalry british 13th light commanded charged scattered melee drivers convoy cut instead securing convoy guns british portuguese enthusiastically pursued fleeing infantry kilometers french carefully avoiding fleeing infantry recovered guns battle battle division british force composed brigades infantry cavalry guns british sides general trapped fire fight wrought massive casualties bodies reportedly stacked men high distinction french muskets deep narrow columns versus british double line infantry costly mistake british commander prevented worse disaster french deployed infantry standard line men deep prepared fire close range french flank recognizing opportunity 2nd polish unit attack british line infantry form defensive squares french cavalry wrought massive casualties brigade 3rd east kent regiment foot lost men initial onslaught french cavalry regiments line lost men combined brigade lost men despite mounted assault french 2nd division suffered high casualties lost colors significant blow morale pride wounded battle returned assigned staff position recovery war june appointed commander joseph established long defensive line heights left flank commanded army south southern flank june generals moved south end valley asked reinforcements corps commander preoccupied possibility attack opposite flank sent turn agree deal approaching threat initial stages battle started pull realizing southern flank hold face hill joseph ordered withdraw ordered masses hill attacked forces force withdrew field command pre withdrawal created gap french line exposing army center held position long line collapsed joseph planned orderly withdrawal turned rout abandoned artillery allies captured entire supply convoy baggage took prisoners including wife children later managed rejoin losing supply train plight french army terrible mentioned general officers subordinates alike reduced clothes backs rank file army suffered enormously hunger exposure disease took command new chief staff napoleon napoleon return later life days eventually joined napoleon little enthusiasm receive field command war persuaded convened november try treason despite oath allegiance restored monarchy loyal rallied napoleon banner immediately landing southern france led corps battle king wished point napoleon focus wrath relationship begun french revolutionary wars shortly promotion general division battle brigade commanders king government expected find guilty members voted declare incapable reaching verdict deferred case historians maintain death penalty resulted military court refusal act case military court returned verdict guilty exceptional circumstances verdict meant lifelong required execution military court refused reach verdict case went populated mix old new peers old peers receptive highly visible party napoleon success europe new peers sympathetic situation anxious prove loyalty new regime penalty conclusion despite forced retirement aging general unsuccessfully politics revolution new king french peer france received command military division time old man poor health retired june died april | Honoré Théodore Maxime Gazan de la Peyrière | Warfare | Military people | Military people (G –M) |
19485_ErnestMelvilleCharlesGuest | october royal_air_force pilot second world war awarded having flown operational hours posted south_africa flight navigation instructor unhappy got transferred england operational duties soon went missing october taking anti submarine sortie early life guest born salisbury twin sons prominent politician outbreak second world war nominated governor royal_air_force cadet granted permanent commission pilot officer general october career shortly passed returned home leave attend wedding elder sister gwen telegram addressed included mistake read reception read return england immediately report posted squadron raf flew number sorties enemy territory queen netherlands crown princess members fled england aboard british destroyer guest air escort accompanied safety promoted flying officer october flight lieutenant october meantime posted june squadron raf formed section squadron later transferred south_africa navigation instructor unhappy george soon sought return operational duty guest returned england joined squadron raf flying bombers anti submarine patrols soon arriving england october aircraft sent patrol attacked aircraft sought protection clouds guest decided fight return pronounced missing january honours mentions despatches awarded officer completed hours operational flying qualities endurance phenomenal ability pilot exceptional devotion duty highest order work quietly efficiently set excellent example younger pilots squadron family guest married yorkshire weeks death october gave birth son november | Ernest Melville Charles Guest | Warfare | Military people | Military people (G –M) |
19904_AubreyKoch | october june pioneering australian military civil pilot trained following graduation accepted royal_air_force raf places available royal_australian_air_force raaf time years service egypt palestine returned australia commissioned flying squadron gained flying instructor qualifications soon employed aircraft captain spent years new_guinea gaining fame expedition transferred going joined year world war broke employed predominantly singapore route unfortunate captain aircraft known shot war flying boat lost disappeared possibly shot destroyed enemy action water western australia post war recruited formation specifically retired active flying inspector safety accidents early career born tasmania october son later burton educated began engineering degree keen rower bow winning crew inter varsity brisbane aviation called entered raaf pilot training graduating end year graduates course selected raf initially sent england training assessment flew accepted posting middle_east attached army cooperation squadron raf egypt operational bristol fighter august september involved suppression riots whilst leave australia met lieutenant colonel advised gain experience larger aircraft application posting twin engine squadron refused squadron equipped allowed convert squadron flew second pilot aircraft returned australia end arriving melbourne december egypt continued interest rifle shooting photography employment public transport aviation difficult find able continue flying squadron flew second pilot pay gain experience lucky aboard ill fated southern cloud family commitments prevented taking position appointed instructor australian based november recruited aircraft captain spend years new_guinea flew time gaining experience sea operations float equipped gained fame efforts deliver supplies second expedition isolated aircraft accidentally destroyed port harbour thought camped near low supplies fuel generators operating ford fitted long range tanks found party parachute food gasoline photographs taken period known days married june melbourne couple daughter sons world war finally achieved ambition joining known appointment july singapore service commenced august westbound service officially opened august language promoted extra mate senior mate october allowed fly relief captain singapore service soon promoted master june extra master involved war effort beginning late contracted fly honolulu australia behalf raaf convenience crews regarded civilians meet american diplomatic operation raaf contracts particularly combat zones seen serving brain flew final delivery flight ferry arriving sydney october time fiji crew determined commemorate mission flying delivery fiji australia end large number day covers stamps endorsed prior departure arrival examples collector items held transported pounds weight ordinary mail behalf fiji postal authorities plan led contract convey air mail fiji start operations november returned operation january command shot seven japanese whilst carrying relief flight dutch_east_indies eighteen people board survived wounded gunfire left leg left arm broke right leg subsequent crash landing despite injuries swam miles shore looked local people found survivors days later rescued flying boat weeks later darwin hospital day japanese raid darwin good fortune flying boat survived raid flown sydney treatment unfortunate april command raaf contract involving transport military personnel found unable proceed bad weather forced attempt night landing open ocean coast new_guinea largely inexperience pilot aircraft broke landing people board survive spent hours sea rescued chance passage local steamer director general civil aviation recommended minister view circumstances held effect post war career australian government determined commercial air operations belief air transport primarily public service prevented high_court decision formed government airline compete private carriers administered operate appointed general manager new airline appointments captain remained role years retiring active flying september excess flying hours disabilities developed war injuries taking role june appointed member british_empire citation recognition captain long distinguished service civil aviation australia finally retired june settled victoria died june | Aubrey Koch | Warfare | Military people | Military people (G –M) |
19994_LewisMcGee | october australian recipient victoria_cross highest decoration gallantry face enemy awarded members british commonwealth armed forces sergeant awarded victoria_cross actions offensive october platoon came heavy machine gun fire german rushed open ground armed solely revolver shot gunners captured garrison organised bombing party led group seizure second machine gun post born tasmania gained employment engine driver march enlisted service world war posted completed training tasmania united_kingdom promoted lance corporal transferring western november rapidly promoted corporal sergeant took killed action october days victoria_cross exploit early life born tasmania youngest children farmer wife mary née green sisters died infancy prior birth lewis aged seven mother succumbed following wife death john relocated remaining family new farming property near lewis gained employment engine driver achieved reputation powerful athlete particularly november married couple daughter following year world war march enlisted service world war allotted private initially posted training military camp unit period months advanced lance corporal primary training embarked united_kingdom july aboard arriving seven weeks later battalion dispatched complete additional period training preparation deployment western proceeded france western battalion november arriving day unit ultimately posted raised corporal december days promotion moved occupying set trenches south subsequent engagements gained reputation natural soldier consequently led promotion sergeant january undertook small scale operations raids period june fought followed period reserve lines battalion shipped belgium preparation service offensive victoria_cross phase offensive 10th detailed execute attack ridge brigade allocated primary objectives seize assault battalion final target located ridge advance commenced time october cover artillery barrage battalions able seize objectives fighting intensified stage set advance final objective progress hampered increasingly heavy machine gun rifle fire barbed wire sectors impassable swamp company heading advance unit able progress point approximately metres crest confronted thick line barbed wire simultaneously subject fire machine guns trenches heavily defended men company struggled metres battalion objective severe fire german machine guns pinned platoon suffering heavy casualties particular machine gun metres position set atop concrete firing directly men armed solely revolver post fire swept ground shooting gunners captured remaining soldiers garrison prisoners seized control returning unit reorganised men led bombing party capture second machine gun post actions advance foremost remainder action october seized objective held complete control ridge having captured germans prisoners process result actions awarded victoria_cross australians decorated day saw announcement award october days victoria_cross action returned attempt exploit success previous week battlefield rain turning ground additionally dominated german appointed acting company sergeant major company morning led unit attack men company advanced forward machine gun began firing second opened flank men ran cover german fire inflicted casualties rush guns apparent effort silence ran bullet struck head killing instantly later buried members killed wounded fellow australian victoria_cross recipient severely wounded day receiving bullet wound arm legacy announcement accompanying citation victoria_cross supplement london gazette november reading 26th november majesty king pleased approve award victoria_cross officer non commissioned officers men late imp force conspicuous bravery advance final objective led platoon great dash bravery strongly opposed heavy shell fire platoon suffering severely advance company stopped machine gun fire box post single handed rushed post armed revolver shot crew captured rest enabled advance proceed reorganised remnants platoon foremost remainder advance consolidation position splendid work non commissioned officer bravery conspicuous contributed largely success company operations subsequently killed action wife presented late husband victoria_cross sir ceremony october additionally later gifted husband captured german officer enclosed letter written officer prior victoria_cross action noted leadership qualities attained famous fighting record addition decoration recommended commission result actions officer battalion declaring lived commission assured original company commander major noted sterling qualities leader stated ability carrying certain important tasks early year marked opinion opinion capable non commissioned officer battalion commemorated war located ross tasmania given tasmania opened anniversary celebrations town march governor tasmania sir unveiled memorial plaque widow daughter attended ceremony victoria_cross medals held collections art gallery tasmania | Lewis McGee | Warfare | Military people | Military people (G –M) |
20011_SavaMutkurov | bulgarian december december march march bulgarian officer politician recipients 1st grade chief architects bulgarian unification officer young defendants bulgarian war served bulgaria minister war government early years bulgarian unification born city central plain ottoman_empire today north central bulgaria studied years imperial capital constantinople istanbul graduated instead russian city soldier participated turkish war bulgarian volunteers involved russo turkish war brought war commander company 54th establishment bulgaria settled joined provincial police militia served 1st general staff eminent man arms main leaders bulgarian unification september revolution united bulgaria joined bulgarian stood unification time captain bulgarian monarch received prince notified forthcoming events requested approval prince wish publicly involved anti ottoman revolution unclear believed revolution likely break soon revolution commanded troops surrounded residence provincial governor demanded resignation bulgarian war regency following unification september member interim provincial government presided commanders bulgarian war caused disapproval bulgarian unification conflict bulgarian victory defended revolution headed troops fighting november charge central right wing forces november war appointed chief garrison commanded played important turbulent events wake pro russian coup état aiming organized counter coup widely supported population appointed commander chief troops loyal soldiers garrison transferred capital arrest drive events led prince alexander september russian pressure election bulgarian monarch prince ferdinand august bulgaria soon replaced delegation welcomed new prince arrived assume throne minister war death september year minister war government loyal friend trusted man premier brother law favoured prince ferdinand monarch desire replace enemy minister war served government february withdrew deteriorating health promoted died heart attack march visit naples kingdom italy interred despite active involvement practically major events bulgarian history lifetime described reserved honest firm writer regards person contemporary accomplice unification far time opened mouth market close long serving persons receive 1st grade oldest highest bulgarian military decoration | Sava Mutkurov | Warfare | Military people | Military people (G –M) |
20326_AlfredE.Montgomery | vice admiral june december officer united_states_navy served world war world war graduate participated operations trained submarines executive officer submarine uss november reported new submarine uss fitted served commander june lost december june montgomery qualified naval aviator commanded observation torpedo squadrons executive officer aircraft carrier november june commanding officer june june june chief staff aide commander aircraft atlantic fleet commander flying flag august commander march flag uss bunker hill commanded gilbert campaign philippines campaign war commanded early life born nebraska june son eugene julia smith montgomery educated massachusetts appointed maryland nebraska graduated class june commissioned ensign assignment battleship uss virginia assigned instructor uss serving training ship naval training station newport rhode_island february july served cruiser participating operations cruiser battleship uss connecticut july joined submarine service training course old monitor uss executive officer submarine uss november reported new submarine uss fitted served commander june december collided sister ship uss maneuvers sank seconds loss nineteen crew montgomery assigned submarine uss fitted san_francisco california commander commissioned october returned october fit commission uss occurred sent january superintendent new works january montgomery reported pensacola florida qualified naval aviator june executive officer observation squadron operating aircraft tender commander short period aide captain commanded aircraft squadrons aircraft tender commander torpedo bomber squadron posted assembly repair officer executive officer year returned sea head air department aircraft carrier july commander uss following usual pattern alternating sea shore duty commanded august july aviation officer staff commander cruisers scouting force flagship head washington commanded naval air station july february returned sea february plans operations officer staff commander aircraft rear admiral later rear admiral executive officer aircraft carrier november june july july world war montgomery served head july june assumed command ranger june chief staff aide commander aircraft atlantic fleet subsequently redesignated commander carriers atlantic fleet rear admiral serving post united_states entered world war bombing pearl harbor december role preoccupied hunting sinking german boats atlantic promoted rear admiral montgomery commander june naval air training center november service corpus awarded legion merit citation read assigned task transforming training station auxiliary fields training center seven individual commands achieved distinctive success executing program involving vast expansion facilities personnel august commander flying flag uss essex commander march flag uss bunker hill commanded known task force task force fleet gilbert campaign led carriers essex independence attacked november bombed days november campaign awarded commander action enemy japanese forces november december directed operations repeated aerial attacks preparatory periods support subsequent landings greatly assisting forces successful occupation strategic island carried numerous vital air raids japanese shipping aircraft installations despite persistent hostile night attack lasting hours previous operations contributed large measure ultimate victories raid montgomery award navy cross extraordinary heroism officer tactical command action vicinity february task group subjected repeated attacks enemy torpedo bomber planes successfully directed gunfire combat air patrols destroying seventeen hostile planes delivered damaging attacks enemy shipping aircraft shore installations obtained valuable photographs outstanding leadership excellent tactical ability brought task group undamaged engagement campaign wasp forces won great victory montgomery report battle expressed opinion results battle extremely disappointing hands important units enemy fleet came open time year air attacks superior force able escape coming montgomery awarded second commander screening vessels operations japanese forces march june attacks marcus wake aircraft command inflicted great damage enemy shipping shore installations task group contributed assistance amphibious forces engaged establishing continued support advances land firmly hands finally battle attacks japanese fleet june forces participated decisive destruction japanese air resistance inflicted damaging blows important fleet units awarded philippines campaign commander operating enemy japanese forces october december effectively organizing developing forces command directed group highly successful concentrated operations enemy inflicting severe costly damage aircraft shipping shore installations manila superb professional skill phases aerial warfare capable leadership inspired men command maximum effort critical period contributed sustained prosecution war vital theater montgomery commander west_coast headquarters naval air station san_diego january tried bring experiences combat bear new role involved supplying combat units men equipment services job awarded second legion merit july commander rank vice admiral later life war montgomery commander august flying flag command ship uss commander july flying flag battleship uss iowa reverted permanent rank rear admiral august commander 17th naval district commanded naval base bermuda command february commander jacksonville florida retired july given promotion vice admiral montgomery died naval hospital washington december survived wife daughter anne son lieutenant killed plane crash february | Alfred E. Montgomery | Warfare | Military people | Military people (G –M) |
20982_AlbertG.Mumma | june july rear admiral united_states_navy played pivotal role development nuclear propulsion warships world war served france germany graduate served number warships studied marine engineering maritime paris learned latest techniques maritime construction world war served david taylor model basin investigated problems propeller design january took propeller desk joined days war man task force captured city kiel including garrison men war returned involved development nuclear propulsion promoted rear admiral assumed command mare island naval shipyard responsible celebrating 100th anniversary important task converting shipyard construction nuclear submarines chief championed adoption hull oversaw design nuclear submarines cruisers aircraft carriers early life born ohio june father officer graduated west_point class eventually retire rank lieutenant colonel advanced colonel retired list family lived series army posts united_states overseas going board destroyer philippines years old decided naval officer graduated iowa city high school albert entered maryland july appointment iowa congressman brothers graduated older brother graduated class served submarines boats world war eventually rose rank rear admiral younger brother george graduated class resigned later year later major army world war addition nephew graduated class joined air_force retired colonel class traditional cruises replaced aviator training half class half went cruises sailed europe battleships uss arkansas uss wyoming sailed washington battleship uss new york undertook aviation training immediately graduation graduated 18th class received award having highest standing engineering commissioned ensign graduation june finished aviation training reported cruiser uss richmond took joined crew cruiser uss seattle returning iowa city thanksgiving blind date took chicago engaged july married october sons assignment aircraft carrier uss fitted sent flight training washed having perfect promoted rank lieutenant junior grade june years assigned destroyer uss waters gunnery officer left waters attend located offered opportunity complete studies paris studied french academy enrolled french july language family spoke french studied marine engineering maritime paris instead maritime engineer learned latest techniques maritime construction leaving europe informed selected promotion lieutenant pass examinations reported ship cruiser uss chicago assistant engineer california took examinations promoted june year sent new destroyer request commander world war posted david taylor model basin promoted lieutenant commander june commander august conducted research design propellers drive shafts examined problem north_carolina class battleships vibrations resolved designed propellers similar problems singing propellers affected class escort carriers january took propeller desk rank captain august propeller design critical ships special propellers designed tested boats submarines early visited britain look problems vibration new class aircraft carriers solution lay propeller design returning united_states met major general director manhattan_project naval officers assigned naval section investigate german naval technologies main objective learn german nuclear energy project members mission ultra secret security involved development atomic bomb naval section flew paris soon liberated august went inspect captured german destroyer convinced germans developed atomic bomb naval section particularly interested work walter development submarines rockets targets interested lay british sector worked closely english allies days war man task force assault unit dash kiel entering city far advance allied advance garrison city men surrendered task force drove admiral headquarters saw speak way surrender spoke instead admiral persuaded sign release german scientists men like walter freely discuss work allies april december served assistant naval post war arrived united_states december returned bureau immediate post war priority develop nuclear propulsion ships chief bureau rear admiral captain went brigadier general commander willing help offer material navy decided proceed design nuclear powered ship visited attended lectures nuclear physics selected outstanding young officers physicist learn design mills decided senior officer sent added group warned mills regret production officer san francisco naval shipyard outbreak korean war shipyard busy ships iowa class battleships retrieved laid refurbished recommissioned commander david taylor model basin supervised conversion submarine uss incorporate hull successfully pressed single screw design entrenched prejudice promoted rear admiral assumed command mare island naval shipyard responsible celebrating 100th anniversary founding important task converting shipyard construction nuclear submarines involved extensive shipyard personnel tour command short chief disappointed performance uss class submarines pushed adoption single screw hull result class submarine george_washington class submarines followed development missiles oversaw design uss enterprise nuclear powered aircraft carrier escorts later life retired navy took job vice president engineering elected board directors executive vice president president april chairman board november retired age july year president richard_nixon appointed head charged reporting ways improving united_states retirement held number boards companies including newark member served president awarded admiral jerry land gold medal trustee saint hospital awarded honorary doctor engineering degree created grand officer queen netherlands died pennsylvania july interred | Albert G. Mumma | Warfare | Military people | Military people (G –M) |
21035_JamesMacLachlan | squadron leader april july royal_air_force raf fighter pilot flying ace second world war credited german italian aircraft shot approximately missions night achieved malta france born joined raf aged march progressed quickly flight training granted commission acting pilot officer completed flight training early considerable time gain experience operational types outbreak second world war began serving squadron raf flying battle light bomber credited enemy aircraft damaged awarded surviving battle transferred fighter pilot school summer served squadron raf squadron raf achieved probable victory battle late transferred malta joined squadron raf february achieved victories night awarded bar february wounded action february arm severely damaged returned operations november artificial limb joined squadron raf squadron leader led night fighter operations defence britain awarded claiming victories flying coupled malta qualified night fighter ace july tally stood enemy aircraft shot including night left squadron position october departed conduct tours united_states returned britain june joined squadron raf cross channel patrols europe achieved victories operations mission bring final tally july flying hit german suffered engine failure crashed france germans reported prisoner war died military hospital injuries awarded second bar july course combat career flew battle early life born april second children wife helen née lived family home hugh employed oil chemical manufacturer premature death following father death family moved southampton close helen parents father connected plymouth china inland mission missionary field influence resulted james king edward evangelical school years completing preliminary education james boarded september aged james brothers gordon follow institution academically talented poetry attracted trouble school masters forming rhymes contemporaries members staff played rugby enjoyed rowing generally child enjoyed wildlife animals encouraged fascination biology regularly supplied rabbits specimens laboratory appointed rise notable rank james preferred engage metal work friends built manufactured pistol workshops test fired keen acquire real obtained service revolver shot hand eager adventure contemplated future travelled scotland holiday near went flight raf open day according mother mind pilot gained gained entry royal_air_force raf short service commission month short 18th birthday march early raf career march arrived wiltshire run assigned flight uncomfortable military use religious complained bills applicants forced pay mess bills reportedly week laundry salary expended given time settle flight march gained minute experience open cockpit flew solo time march rapidly coming trainer wrote glad hear went solo today sharp slow roll pretty grim upside feet air ground simply love flying youngest group solo hours dual flight passed average grade pilot april come second overall examinations travelled following month commissioned acting pilot officer service number posted lincolnshire flew time enjoyed speed aircraft immensely passion motor cars buying austin nottingham pay despite getting lost navigational exercises passed average pilot probation passed choice type squadron wanted fly chose list medium bomber light bomber squadrons proceeded advanced flying training school gloucestershire school practised dive bombing level bombing attacks exercised close air support operations rounded training near armament training camp november passed average pilot promptly posted squadron raf read hours flying credit like bomber training letter mother described grievances started bombing today awful lie belly look plane hot air blows straight face makes feel sick enthusiastic describing mathematical problems associated aerial bombing use cameras judge accuracy live munitions air air gunnery wrote training air air gunnery guns today super live ammunition end training permitted train bombs cost number squadron new unit expansion schemes late 1930s designed increase number aircraft response threat joined squadron december equipped battle flew aircraft time december march commission pilot officer confirmed joined armament training station northumberland engage formation flying aerial gunnery bombing practice practiced mock attacks time war broke september years experience flying machine second world war september germany invaded poland squadron moved france september britain allies declared war following day squadron formed commanded air vice marshal september squadron based southeast time luftwaffe heavily engaged poland small scale skirmishes fought thin german fighter screen left guard western germany french attack september elements squadron intercepted fighters fighter wing border battle aircraft shot september squadron lost battles missions german quickly clear crews battle slow poorly armed defend operations shut squadron took measures increase defensive power adding machine gun cockpit observer use october promoted flying officer undertook attack mission course flight contact ground able return base squadron settled winter quarters march reassigned french border region spain april celebrated 21st birthday took opportunity driving frontier celebrate april squadron alert germans invaded denmark norway squadron soon relocated northern france war came close german invasion western_europe squadron action day campaign battle squadrons suffered high losses attacking german ground forces squadron airfield came air attack day destroyed aircraft night attack bombed aircraft lost attacking german_army columns daylight hours flew sortie german thrust threatened south north breaking centre advancing english channel fell breaking west bank desperate halt attacks general commander consultation air vice marshal commander ordered available units attack squadron committed air offensive aircraft attacked armoured column positions attacked bridges aircraft lost despite heavy anti aircraft fire german fighter opposition attacked got away low altitude allied units suffered percent losses day airfield hit twice squadron moved near squadron flew night operations owing german air superiority flew raid french belgian border action support allied forces battle belgium ordered fly daylight missions near german units seen moving squadron claimed german tank destroyed low level flying impress observer said member squadron don want killed care crew going ask commanding officer approved request mission hardy shot killed action new pilot took new gunner later flew night fighters flew missions rail targets germany attacking flew targets near battle damaged unit relocated flew missions support forces june near cockpit hood shot away accurate ground fire june flew daylight mission german returning base flew formation dive bombers escorting gave chase shot battle claimed managed fire damaged claims confirmed raid carried june day paris fell squadron abandoned france allied resistance landed airfield took yorkshire crossed took low fly past old school near bath stunt witnessed brother attending institution time squadron relocated belfast northern_ireland june rest following intensive operations awarded july malta new posting eager action volunteered service battle britain begun july learned august pilots chosen squadron fighter pilots posted training squadron flew fighter time days later august days logged hours type september given official leave travel london received buckingham palace returned shortly based group raf thick fighting suffered casualties group replace pilots killed wounded practiced operational offs fighter tactics radio control break essence air air combat sent patrols august scotland guard attacks based norway air combat rare north september survived force landing caused oil leak september posted south arriving days later assigned squadron raf raf castle camps september flew defence london large raid sought attack city raf fighters performed squadron encounter enemy september ended luftwaffe began sending fighter bombers bomb carrying england following day promoted flight lieutenant view experience october intercepted raid engaged air air combat time fighter pilot unit defend flying squadron thames estuary contact time spotted feet attacked squadron managed fire burst hit dove away smoke gained probable victory october pursued catch enemy machine far away high altitude proved encounter enemy weeks later learned relocated malta pilots men boarded november set sail convoy sent malta constituted operation supply aircraft island defence june italy declared war france country verge collapse hands italians hoped advantage weakened allies joining axis powers italian intent launch series air naval land mediterranean particularly north_africa malta lay italian sea communications sicily italian held libya island potential useful base british disrupt axis supplies north_africa ensuing north african campaign italian air_force resolved eliminate island bombing shipping bringing supplies attacking island directly air power crucial sides island reinforced found heart battle island squadron arrived november convoy came attack saw italian fleet distance witnessed enemy shells ship witnessed attack bombers failed damage ships hurricanes took fell water fuel pilots run hurricanes economic speeds fuel consumption serving malta squadron soon got bored little aircraft fly granted trip spanish morocco christmas new year leave arrested authorities taking pictures near facility released short time later travelled gibraltar trips flying boats squadron raf monitoring german shipping sailing eastern spanish ports italy returned malta short january malta new convoy way malta ammunition supplies excess coincided arrival luftwaffe 10th sicily support italians theatre failed invasion egypt january regia flew fighter sweep eighteen engaged aerial combat climbed feet spotted enemy fighters attacked group shot sea left large water sea noticed italian pilot escaped aircraft survived taken aboard rescue craft prisoner war camp malta wounded thigh arm claimed second shot minutes later following day attacked italian excess convoy italians attacked ships appeared climbed dropped tail encounter flew excess convoy hoping ship fire protect british vessels fired error aircraft hit january docked malta luftwaffe attacked ship scored damaging hits squadron failed intercept dive bombers morning january witnessed formations attack ship unable stand sight raced fellow pilot dispersal strip asked refused permission days later action german units dive bomber wing dive bomber wing attacked killing gunner sea returning base spotted double backed hoping slip past defences attack aircraft carrier destroyed aircraft victories action attacked italian shot italian fighter taken prisoner passed single flying low unaware presence ammunition exhausted course mission fifth victory fighter ace raf fighters claimed shot air battle confirmed gunner killed served killed returned badly damaged dead gunner frustrated exhausting ammunition landed hurricanes intercept enemy formation bomber sortie destroyed pilot killed action landing raid came climbed singled learning wing saw coming swung head position brief turning duel hit port engine crashed bay near point actions awarded bar january february claimed night victory vanished claimed destroyed air waves picked german crew desperate distress calls aircraft actually bomber wing crew survived wounded half hour air engaged claimed shot fact managed reach sicily written crash landing days morale began sink led appeared malta immediately took toll hurricanes british fighter match performance took flight surprise february german pilots spotted time climbed according left standing diary noted poor morale squadron owing success recorded desperation pilots eager shoot february battle luftwaffe morning squadron engaged malta careful managed tail neglected check clock position hit cannon fire shattered engine cockpit left arm began bleeding ceased function managed remove helmet radio equipment slide canopy jump gave trying reach assuming shot later said given altogether thought mother reading telegram informing killed action spurred try struggled found deployed parachute exhausted landed garden lay recovered probably hit flown german fighter leader reported 26th victory hurricane pilot british pilot bail battle hurricane crashed near near remained hospital severely wounded left arm pumped solution prevent blood arm badly damaged elbow determination reputation nurses squadron taking return action fortnight day operation hospital began speaking pilot shot days earlier topics discussion strengths italian aircraft exploits spanish civil war stayed malta took flight transport aircraft march winning bet embarked hms defender march return britain toured egypt took athens greece axis invaded greece yugoslavia april verge come weeks evacuated egypt flew kenya captured german piloted aircraft april stopping airfields flew occasion flew north american sortie reached south_africa flew home boeing lisbon portugal dublin ireland arriving bristol august night fighter reported depot days later attended august certified fit fly flew august moved brother gordon pilot officer squadron raf queen mary hospital fitted new arm explained doctors required arm allow fly hurricane designed limb allowed operate throttle taking control column firing button right hand spent hours studying cockpit layout medical staff produced arm spring loaded like fingers enabled use controls port cockpit secured left arm throttle quadrant throttle propeller pitch control mixture control landing gear controls located right artificial arm interact control column gear retracted lowered new arm proved sufficient september flew hours hurricanes possible incident september force landed darkness operation exercise september nearly collided low cloud cleared operational flying october november promoted squadron leader given command squadron equipped night operations western europe assigned personal aircraft painted emblem showing left arm cannon shell passing fingers giving sign squadron spent winter intensive night fighter training ground control station february attended absence missed channel dash subsequent air battle squadron lost pilots squadron scored success april 23rd birthday flew destroyed found locating german aircraft dark difficult claimed locomotive damaged night left wagons destroyed raids operation british cities retaliation attacks germany luftwaffe stepping campaign fully engaged eastern april raided portsmouth retaliation attack march attack resulted retaliation raids bath exeter canterbury york night april luftwaffe attacked bath took evening april headed airfields claimed bomber wing destroyed came near severely damaged second damaged port cannon jammed preventing destruction air vice marshal sent exploits printed times newspaper april set minute interval claimed settled destruction locomotives damaged boat destroyed locomotive near successes achieved missions night luftwaffe hit exeter severely night claimed destroyed trailed german bombers france attacked believed safe fact victims crashed near gunner able bail observer naval rank killed survivor managed bail killed informed decorated award announced tally stood air victories recognised night ground attack ace bbc interviewed news interview gave views dangers thrills night fighter operations june group preparation landing sur seconds shot bombers damaged victories german defences alerted began returning fire flying trailed formation german bombers raided sighting airfield destroyed detected taking action shot fourth damaged arrived left claimed saw flashes ground denoting crashed aircraft attacked german records shot crash landed severely damaged victim appears wagner killed crashed severely damaged fell miles south machine piloted likely victim crew killed action victory squadron flew sorties returned antwerp near zero feet map blown canopy window june chased miles south result july hailed success articles killers stalk night needing rest squadron withdrawn yorkshire july posted operational training unit instructor decorated exiled president august left opportunity fly typhoon replace squadron hurricanes american tour based spent time flying types aircraft including august posted short time flew regardless activity flew pilot short heavy bomber practiced fighter techniques proceeded fly types aircraft days flew acting attacking fighter american bell flew flight raf operated captured german aircraft flew force landed november flew passenger force landed scotland february time provided escort resident unit moved airfields unknown flew october received notice selected raf representative tour united_states british american facilities left immediate effect departed aboard queen elizabeth heavily guarded convoy arrived halifax nova scotia october travelled montreal october met reporters photographers event moving new_york_city night new_york went washington october received orders raf delegation teach british officer cadets american flying schools prepare entered britain montgomery alabama designated headquarters based initially post necessitated trips near alabama travelled flight schools america november flew orlando florida galveston texas near tour took los_angeles california end january visited arizona texas flight log expanded period include variety types privileged position flew lockheed lightning flying felt urge participate combat operations enjoyed american immensely february flew arizona february close flying fort force landed desert ran fuel according legend local pipeline fill tanks america undertook public relations tours met movie stars visited hollywood photo shoots march began journey britain flew canada lockheed model spent days montreal flying flew aircraft railway bridge quebec canada flew greenland iceland reached april visited comrades squadron based nearby moving night fighter officer wanted squadron command april sent stay unhappy april received news brother shot brest france escorting bombers intercepted belonging claimed squadron lost gordon squadron leader survived evaded capture returning britain gibraltar gordon killed germans recovered body buried bitter loss brother keen action enemy channel death rejoined april april began trials termed raf selected personal mount time powered armed cannon wing flew powered engine proved successful later variants flew fought visited old school pledged needed buy local campaign content position superiors operational posting weeks practicing air combat reluctantly gave permission carry ranger operations occupied france return tactics long range enemy allied fighter aircraft operated daylight proposed luftwaffe defence belt low altitude consequently trained low level navigation spending hours flying england tree height mind flew sortie june poor weather combined sighting near forced turn home rear ward vision british referred limited flying enemy aircraft approach unseen disaster decided needed assistance flight lieutenant arrived fighter pilot shot badly burned august page keen vengeance approached mess proposed fighter patrol said wanted german fighter operations endured pilots began practice operation required little wind interfere navigation low cloud base allow spot enemy aircraft silhouette great distances squadron carry diversion attacks shipping operation flown june took page later recalled fine bloody pair going tackle enemy good hand crossed reached sighted formation enemy aircraft brief bursts machine gun fire dispatched trainers falling victims killed died wounded aircraft written fourth able force land safely damaged continued hunt flying near spotted night fighters bombers coming land destroyed shared second page aircraft belonged bomber wing pilots killed retreated airfield defences gunfire page returned feet crossed coast south west crossed brighton return awarded second bar page received page flew squadron raf flying fighters requested old gunner piloted join davies accepted killed offer page flew july mission july probably hit ground fire crossing french coast near page noticed suddenly pull sharply tree height feet saw pull canopy apparently changed mind aircraft leveled descended headed small field touched quarters way orchard field edge ripped wings page crash site times considered landing rescue space confined page wreck took gun camera footage signs life headed home unable determine cause crash radio broadcast possibly result enemy small arms fire mechanical failure july awarded second bar critically injured germans took prisoner treated fractured skull field hospital days wounds july buried communal cemetery grave zone french civilian son attended funeral administered german priest took photograph grave covered flowers french civilians wooden plaque placed words died france live german authorities quickly removed page learned years later survived crash died weeks wartime score aircraft claimed destroyed shared aircraft claimed damaged honours awards july flying officer squadron awarded gallantry displayed flying operations enemy citation given february flight lieutenant squadron awarded bar gallantry displayed flying operations enemy intensive operations day january officer destroyed possibly enemy aircraft days previously destroyed enemy aircraft pursued miles sea flight lieutenant set fine example courage initiative leadership squadron leader bar squadron awarded gallantry displayed flying operations enemy early war officer served middle_east destroyed enemy aircraft following injury left arm weeks flying return england squadron leader trained night flying operations achieved success night near minutes later shot later burst flames impact ground causing fire observed distance miles squadron leader attacked goods trains trucks barges damaging effect pilot example inspiration pilots july squadron leader bar flight awarded second bar gallantry displayed flying operations enemy recently officers course operation enemy occupied territory shot enemy aircraft destroyed squadron leader flight lieutenant page destroyed jointly operation planned squadron leader brilliantly executed successes earned | James MacLachlan | Warfare | Military people | Military people (G –M) |
21144_J.R.Kealoha | died march soldier native hawaiian descent considered civil war group documented native hawaiian hawaii born combatants fought american civil war independent nation enlisted 41st united states colored infantry united_states colored regiment formed pennsylvania participating siege hawaiian soldier met hawaii born colonel recorded encounter letter home 41st present surrender confederate general house april war returned died march buried unmarked grave honolulu cemetery period time end war legacy contributions documented hawaiian participants american_civil_war largely forgotten private circles descendants historians revival interest recent years hawaiian community sons civil war commemorated bronze plaque erected memorial national memorial cemetery pacific honolulu local effort grave marker dedicated burial site stayed unmarked years life outbreak american_civil_war king declared neutrality august native hawaii born americans mainly descendants american missionaries abroad islands volunteered enlisted military regiments states union confederacy native participating american wars period independence individual native served united_states navy army war served american civil war union ties new_england missionaries industries ideological opposition institution slavery known life war enlisted private assigned 41st regiment united states colored troops colored regiment formed camp philadelphia pennsylvania september december command colonel native participated war assigned colored regiments dark skin color policy military time hawaiian soldiers civil war real known combatants served easier english speaking americans hawaiian language names registered 19th century term sandwich islands noted place origin october april fought richmond campaign better known siege campaign hawaiian named 28th regiment united states colored troops came son american missionary native armstrong wrote encounter letter home later published hawaiian missionary newspaper friend yesterday orderly holding horse asked said hawaii proved blood came islands year lived near judge smith left islands july enjoyed seeing good private 41st regiment colored troops private 28th pioneer corps good men glad seen survived months trench warfare richmond campaign fought 41st battle court house present surrender confederate general house april 41st regiment mustered service november texas discharged december philadelphia service present existing records history 41st regiment historians speculate possible service noted different recorded muster rolls regiment returned office unit disbanded war returned died march buried eighteen native unmarked grave section lot cemetery honolulu hawaii territorial period civil war service recorded precursor included records deceased veterans listed location burial place memorials years burial site remained unmarked hawaiian group affiliated organization civil war round table consisting started effort grave marker member group discovered records containing listed service war location burial place manning went site grave disappointed giving reason significance service manning stated represents hawaiian men men hawaii served civil war knew getting took risk work risk took owe recognize service group petitioned marker department denied request approve request policy change enacted required request memorials request denial local monument maker donated granite marker marker formally dedicated unveiled october members dressed period costumes took dedication ceremony cemetery ceremony marked military honors gun salute unit civil war hawaiian minister presided dedication ceremony accordance traditional hawaiian customs consecrated marker adorned sacred branch representing noble qualities bravery courage marker inscribed regiment death date text hawaiian english brave honorable soldier hawaiian veterans civil war honored honolulu bronze memorial plaque erected recognition civil war documented served union confederacy researchers identified documented hawaiian hawaii born combatants historical records exact number remains unclear lack records identified native hawaiian combatants including buried hawaii known according hawaiian news reporter come represents men hawaii took arms america civil war forgotten | J. R. Kealoha | Warfare | Military people | Military people (G –M) |
21229_GeoffreyofBriel | older literature french knight lord led colourful turbulent life narrated detail chronicle accounted finest knight fought wars byzantine greeks captured sent bearing byzantine terms twice deprived uncle abandoning leave order spend time mistress wife italy pardoned times henceforth held title gift prince died childless split origin son hugh alice daughter family hailed sur french province champagne variously named sources greek father inherited brother largest counting knights responsible keeping watch rebellious inhabitants mountainous area baron revolt william born greece possibly soon father arrival died early years old succeeded young main source life versions chronicle words narrates detail colourful adventures peculiar charming figure representative generation born greece chronicle credits construction castle greek calls enjoyed high reputation warrior deemed best knight according version chronicle maintained school castle sons greek nobles trained knights western manner married daughter great lord athens guy involved war succession lieutenant uncle leading army laid waste recovered town prince later sided father law lords opposed william ambitions william prevailed parliament assembled judge defeated lords pardoned prince confiscated lands returned time personal grant held right conquest byzantine captivity italy participated army joined alliance opposing allied forces distrust greeks dealt crushing defeat barons including captured aftermath battle lords remained captivity following recovery constantinople greeks emperor offered release exchange oath number fortresses southeastern william agreed released order convey emperor proposals nobles parliament held presence chancellor captive lords represented wives assembly known parliament agreed terms handed castles greeks returned constantinople number hostages barons released surrender fortresses began long period conflict greeks byzantine_empire forces control pope warfare began soon returned despite situation william permission spent years italy ostensibly pilgrimage reality living wife john absence allowed inhabitants rise aid byzantine troops offensive halted john deprived act pardoned restored return final years death mentioned campaigns early sent new commander neighbour baron joined prince army horsemen infantry latin force raided byzantine holdings avoided drawn pitched battle period relative peace followed ongoing mutual truce broken greeks entrusted force horse stationed watch died late death increasingly subject attacks byzantines finally fell died childless held grant direct descendants consequently split death half remained widow isabella married hugh count death reverted prince domain inheritance appeared years certain achieved nephew younger persistence managed obtain fictional portrayals eponymous subject novel lord fancy sympathetic flawed hero observed distant cousin increasingly disillusioned narrator baron portrayed supreme qualities limitations | Geoffrey of Briel | Warfare | Military people | Military people (G –M) |
21262_Momchil | bulgarian greek july 14th century bulgarian local ruler initially member gang bulgaria byzantium serbia recruited byzantines mercenary involvement byzantine civil war played sides ruler large area western achieved initial successes turks byzantines alike setting turkish ships fire managing kill main opponents time despite defeated killed joint byzantine turkish army opposition turks remembered popular legend fighter turkish invasion balkans role byzantine civil war contemporary near contemporary accounts describe physically imposing appearance tall men words turkish poet resembling according contemporary source native border area serbs time mountains claim born region reinforced 15th century ottoman registers according popular male area exist legends tie birth particular place example village evidence case born humble origin main factor decision join band active scarcely governed border areas bulgaria byzantium serbia persecuted bulgarian authorities time fled byzantium accepted service emperor iii mercenary tasked protection territories previously plundered activities cease regularly raided bulgarian lands negatively impacted byzantine bulgarian relations byzantines deserted byzantine army fled serbia serve ruler serbia formed company trusted men serbs byzantine civil war joined forces known flight serbia beginning war wishes local population gave governance region virtual man land plagued nomadic slavic words appointment race favourably disposed lacking courage battle rate expert robbery governor gathered army cavalry infantry different considered able set byzantine war turkish forces assisted campaigns time approached agents opponents regency persuaded turn thinking turkish allies far away eastern attacked turkish fleet ships near sank overcame turkish force arrived exact retribution near fortress known plundered cities area refused surrender horsemen attacked set camp near horsemen protect byzantines thoroughly routed horse killed received powerful hit head survived thanks helmet captured men throne managed escape turmoil soon sent messages asking forgiveness open rear pardoned exchange promises future good conduct awarded title continued entertain parallel ties regency secured title ruler death summer finally broke parties byzantine_empire proclaimed independent ruler coast capturing cities villages appearing powerful invincible army captured capital domain bulgarian historian friendly relations bulgarian emperor shared lengthy border believes acted byzantines late spring reinforced allegedly troops ruler marched tried prevent asking pardon offering submit emperor refused armies met near july tried seek refuge city walls scholars debate actually held city shut men locals locals let cousin men hoped persuade vengeance city defeated opponents subsequent battle city walls forces ruined old fortifications line defence city walls foremost turkish troops crossed fortifications dealt bulgarian defenders began vicinity surprise majority men standing city walls participated skirmishes byzantine turkish force advanced defenders led troops ahead battle cavalry promptly eliminated turkish remaining troops surrounded sides heavily armed horsemen remaining men continued fight foot surrender perished respect spared wife bulgarian woman captured conquest allowed flee bulgaria property unknown children marriage previous presents hypothesis wife bulgarian capital married agreement bulgarian court popular culture bulgarian south slavic folklore general numerous songs epic tales defender people prominent fighter turks earliest heroic songs bulgarian folklore tradition deal exploits folklore material referred duke acts uncle legendary figure epic poetry fighter turks folklore version battle wife citizens blame death hand legendary sister described mother major influence town village southern bulgaria antarctica named life served basis opera piece named written bulgarian composer biography inspired children comic book lord tells largely version story | Momchil | Warfare | Military people | Military people (G –M) |
21396_PhilippeLeclercdeHauteclocque | french pronunciation november november french general second world war marshal france posthumously known france simply son aristocratic family graduated french military academy service french occupation morocco returned instructor awarded des leading attack caves august second world war fought way britain fight general adopting wife children risk appeared papers sent rallied local leaders free french cause led force leaders supported led raids italian controlled libya forces captured men swear oath known today pledged fight flag flew cathedral forces command known campaigned libya covered inland flank advance tunisia participated attack line transformed referred fought command participated liberation paris end world war europe given command french represented france surrender tokyo bay september quickly perceived necessity political solution nascent conflict ahead recalled france killed air crash algeria ancestry family born november saint department fifth children van der named honour ancestor killed came old line country nobility direct ancestors served fifth crusade egypt eighth crusade saint louis tunisia fought battle saint family managed survive french revolution members family served napoleon fourth suffered weak health served supply train son served napoleon created king louis papal count sons older died childless younger noted turn sons henry officers serving colonial campaigns including fighting killed early fighting world war second son enlisted august regiment son guy later commissioned twice awarded gallantry survived war inherited family title estate early life sent jesuit school age went known preparatory school versailles entered french military academy class towns returned france treaty versailles graduated october commissioned lieutenant having chosen cavalry branch attend graduated class august older brother guy married daughter baron frequent visitor household enchanted youngest sister courted saint tradition old noble families asked baron permission marry wedding ceremony took place august wedding present gave children later killed war served mayor charles hired austrian spoke german children improve command language having graduated joined regiment occupation duty french occupation garrison duty liking volunteered service based morocco promoted lieutenant october posted instructor military academy french morocco met world war veteran years senior later volunteer serve command attached unit saw action fighting action horses shot posted senior cavalry regiment based february went saint instructor wanted return active service summer break flew south africa reported brigade july sent field liaison officer awarded des leading attack caves august commander chief morocco division felt held award years felt differently given early admission course promotion placed fourth class promoted december promotion slow inter war french army especially cavalry second saint class reach rank wait devout catholics journal far right political organisation despite papal continued refused contrast cousin award winning journalist covered rise germany visited concentration camp wrote night long knives died april convinced poisoned nazis second world war destroyed copies action broke leg places fall horse told company fault riding shoulder road frequently walked cane involving losing way tactical exercise getting stuck field barbed wire told stupid best admit november entered staff college 60th class graduating july ordered report chief staff germany invaded netherlands belgium ordered hold line river placed charge infantry battalions dismay orders came pull retreated northward encircled pocket received permission escape german lines attempted way french lines pretending civilian refugee german patrol taken prisoner discovered old military pay taken german command post secretly destroyed convinced german colonel wounded morocco suffered malaria children true military service false germans let way canal swam encountered french patrol reported headquarters commander gave permission visit home french lines got found fled southwest france relatives returning ordered join scratch force armoured units included brigadier general polish 10th launched series counter attacks lacking radio gave directions tanks cane june wounded head german air attack taken hospital convent taken prisoner area overrun germans time escaped jumping window armistice signed june french soldiers captured simply allowed home germans friendly especially discovered spoke fluent german way rejoin family car bicycle cross zone zone children sister obtained identity card use told intended join brigade britain reunited family les june stayed days setting spain managed obtain second attempt refused time carrying money spain took train madrid lisbon went british embassy arranged passage britain merchant ship africa arrived london july met announced promoting chef major encountered cousin brother serving largest unit joined participating battles found britain france surrendered formed war began contained men fought republican cause spanish civil war refugees nazi fascist countries offered services unit commander colonel rejected offer grounds high born qualified instead august ordered local leaders declared free france governor french time adopted children risk appeared papers quickly secured free french grip led force consisting local leader supported lasted october november ended dead free french hands prisoners held hostages case tried families free refused conduct mass celebrate victory arrested corvette conducted service capacity priest hand sent free french territory shared border territory controlled border italian controlled libya attention drawn italian outposts desert southwestern libya southeast miles base fort started small raid men troops january february led larger operation captured battle men swear oath known today oath shall lay arms day colours beautiful colours cathedral learnt great deal handle supply force advancing desert rewarded began planning far ambitious advance libya delayed year defeat subsequent german italian advance egypt promoted brigade august pinned metal stars captured italians ordered plan advance libya motion wake victory second battle set fort december european african troops vehicles captured january january reached tripoli january greeted commander general command reinforced known covered inland flank advance tunisia beat german counterattack march participated attack line western_europe fighting north_africa ended strong division june informed equipped americans armoured division division called organised american lines units french titles non white units transferred remainder infantry regiment free french armoured units serving combat artillery armoured regiments drawn unusual unit division sailors served tank destroyer regiment units recently fighting allies team easy task men upset officer singing song resulting fight told officer concerned respect earned april shipped britain participate operation overlord allied invasion northern france staff travelled air converted bomber division moved training areas yorkshire established headquarters estate 7th baron hall training conducted concert 1st august landed normandy united_states general american generals spoke french later month participated inflicted major defeat german_army like new division commanders errors case allowing use roads american units causing traffic jams holding american advance assignment brought africa liberation paris allied troops initially avoided historic city moving danger destruction germans sought defend rose germans persuaded general help men fight way paris got found german infantry tanks holding parts city german commander general der inclined surrender august arranged ensign serving attendance elder annoyed allowed communist sign surrender day held parade accompanied senior military figures including montgomery troops liberated allowing return home children september oldest sons years old respectively lied ages volunteer service went serve tank gunner relatives served division including fighting paris cost killed wounded nearly twice number lost fighting surrounding areas replaced men women like sons offered recruitment office established near paris returned request won notable victory september tanks manoeuvre air power compensate numerical technical tanks american historian wrote fight characterised warmly commander brilliant example perfect air ground outstanding feat arms dealt blow hitler plans armoured thrust army flank personally pinned brought silver stars members gave objective town bridge bridge captured germans destroy transferred seventh united_states_army september feared transferred regarded army supported sacked sentiments good reason fear meet similar fate november gave permission advance surprised germans advancing country roads tracks bypass defences reached november afternoon flew cathedral german offensive december january led consider abandoning strong opposition idea french caused result transferred command assist reduction pocket objected use troops attack april result employed division rejoined crossing rhine april joining pursuit bavaria visited concentration camp liberation americans incident took place bad bavaria presented defiant group captured asked wore german uniform replied asking wore american told men rid taken death sentence group french men executed form military tribunal procedure bodies left fell american burial team collected services leading awarded end second world war europe received command french represented france surrender tokyo bay september november legally changed incorporating free french pseudonym served far_east commander charged recovering french territory comprising present day states vietnam conquered french late 19th early 20th centuries regime allowed japanese use base attack allies malaya burma china march japanese deposed french colonial government taken direct control defeated french army engagements imprisoned surviving french soldiers end war divided area north 16th parallel occupied nationalist chinese troops south occupied british indian troops vietnamese nationalist leader declared vietnamese independence arrived contingent french soldiers october dependent british equipment shipping appointed french high commissioner advice given united_states general army bring soldiers possible broke blockade drive delta highlands possible feared chinese domination far french perceived decline priority getting rid chinese needed french help quickly perceived necessity political solution conflict french government flew consult acting high commissioner absence approved proposal negotiate preferred diplomatic solution larger conflict dispatched flotilla french soldiers northern vietnam ready attack talks failed time felt negotiations french constituted best option soviet_union endorsed vietnamese nationalist party chose support french rule vietnam march tentative agreement reached minute fleet agreement stated france recognise vietnam free state new french empire broadly similar allow france base soldiers vietnam years agreement confirmed disappointed people sides immense prestige largely vietnamese dissent agreement caused split french french businessmen officials prospect losing colonial privileges denounced amazed yes word amazed said france fine expeditionary corps commanded officers negotiate fight stated higher level meeting paris required declared french owned asking paris vietnamese replaced commander french forces time french american politicians willing believe soviet plan dominate world warned anti communism useless tool problem nationalism resolved advice simple negotiate costs appointed inspector land forces north_africa november aircraft carrying staff crashed near french algeria killing board body returned france taken paris route followed august funeral service held notre dame paris interred les posthumous honours posthumously created marshal france august anniversary day entered paris today marshal displayed room battered italian stars wore main battle tank built france named monument quarter 14th paris avenue near square streets paris named avenue 14th 12th promotions lieutenant september lieutenant october december chef july colonel august brigade temporary august brigade substantive april division corps july france august posthumous decorations des medal colonial medal bars orient insignia military wounded commemorative medal voluntary service free france commemorative war medal companion order bath distinguished service order usa commander grand officer palm belgium belgium grand cross order commander poland czechoslovakia military order czechoslovakia 1st class greece grand officer tunisia morocco grand cross | Philippe Leclerc de Hauteclocque | Warfare | Military people | Military people (G –M) |
21405_IvorMcIntyre | october march pilot royal_australian_air_force raaf gained national recognition wing commander men australia air years later command group captain piloted international flight undertaken raaf plane crew feat earned awarded raaf member born raised england served royal_air_force world war joining raaf left air_force instructor south australian branch australian died plane crash following year early career born october son captain joined saw action world war flight sub lieutenant transferred royal_air_force raf creation independent service lieutenant awarded new year honours granted short service commission raf flying officer december joined royal_australian_air_force raaf november year piloted survey flight melbourne sydney carried similar mission melbourne february july tasked chief air staff squadron approached melbourne flag waving visit succeeded despite poor weather according official history inter war raaf enormous element luck mention risk pioneering flights australia wing commander later air vice marshal veteran men australia air lead pilot chief air staff time acted commander navigator pair took victoria april single engined flew eastern coast queensland crossed gulf darwin continued western australian south australian coasts way faced adverse weather fatigue illness deal engine problems fuel leaks returned victoria covering miles days flew raaf aircraft took escort landing place crowd people waiting welcome prime minister called journey wonderful accomplishments history aviation government presented gift mission commander received awarded duo annual trophy appointed awarded gold medal promoted flight lieutenant effective march year flight selected lead pilot pioneering australian flight command chief air staff later air marshal sir study potential theatre operations company flight sergeant les took september mile round trip fuselage bore words royal_australian_air_force aircraft like australia flight difficulties approaching queensland september lost power land ocean making repairs twice thrown clear aircraft beach heavy surf expedition returned december plane raaf escort man honour guard subsequently described partly matter prestige owing rumours countries planning journey reaction williams expedition led williams rival time leadership young air_force international flight undertaken raaf plane crew awarded second gold medal bar flight marked occasion awarded member raaf received williams appointed death legacy left raaf november flying instructor newly formed south australian section australian club died adelaide hospital march injuries received previous day crashed club trainer giving display said sterling work air force known doubtful majority people australia true appreciation greatness man magnitude difficulties tasks performed honoured issue postage stamp series depicting australian included sir keith sir | Ivor McIntyre | Warfare | Military people | Military people (G –M) |
21475_LeslieDouglasJackson | les jackson february february australian fighter ace world war credited aerial victories born brisbane businessman joined royal_australian_air_force raaf reserve called active duty shortly outbreak war september served squadron australia posting theatre squadron singapore march joined squadron port new_guinea flying command eldest brother john ensuing les shot japanese aircraft jackson took command squadron brother killed action april leading later year credited fifth aerial victory raaf ace new_guinea campaign awarded jackson wing leader fighter wing gaining promotion wing commander september year awarded bar march served chief flying instructor operational training unit australia saw war commander leaving raaf jackson returned business world running died queensland early career born february brisbane suburb queensland fourth son businessman wife job following education family firm set business running service station garage rural area south west brisbane february jackson enlisted 2nd 14th queensland based militia unit jackson followed eldest brother john known july outbreak world war les called active duty raaf november learnt fly air cadet victoria graduating pilot february served initially squadron july posted theatre squadron singapore initially operating unit converted september year combat service port completing service squadron november jackson posted squadron australia march joined squadron new_guinea flight lieutenant command brother known old john operating unit quickly engaged defence crucial early battles new_guinea campaign squadron flight commanders jackson took surprise raid airfield march led attacked destroyed dozen japanese planes ground including les provided protective cover survived encounter saw fellow pilots shot days later recorded aerial victory intercepted destroyed zero escorting force bombers port april jackson forced ditch aircraft coral reef shore aid life jacket brother john dropped following weeks les accounted japanese aircraft shot april attacked zero firing bombers able turn tables japanese fighter shoot flames day went head head damaging forced ditch reef smoking engine cockpit danced wing let comrades know safe jackson shot victim april achieved fourth victory zero april highest australian scorer battle port april shot killed leading interception japanese raid les took command squadron day april squadron recalled australia refit jackson flew remaining aircraft queensland bay following equipment australia jackson led squadron new_guinea arriving bay july company unit squadron jackson squadron engaged air defence japanese raiders offensive strikes convoys targets support australian ground forces august launched attack enemy barges resulted seven vessels set fire loss aircraft day jackson personally led unit assaults main japanese convoy approaching august fellow pilot claimed zero japanese fighters machine aircraft crash landed following combat presumably prevent falling allied hands bounced australian pilots victory jackson ace raaf new_guinea august japanese troops threatening overrun raaf airfield bay squadrons ordered withdraw night returning bay day plane developed trouble ditch coast help new_guinea natives reached boat days later september japanese withdrawn troops area generals described efforts nos squadrons decisive factor invading forces squadron queensland september jackson handed command squadron leader following january recognition courage leadership new_guinea jackson awarded london gazette march having served staff positions australia year appointed wing leader fighter wing component newly formed december wing participated operation reckless assault opened western new_guinea campaign april followed attack commencing june jackson promoted acting wing commander september completing tour wing december posted operational training unit new south wales chief flying instructor march jackson awarded bar determined successful attacks enemy installations shipping june took command post war career jackson continued lead following end hostilities commission terminated brisbane february returning garage business rural queensland ran george married andrew presbyterian church january couple sons wife jackson died cerebral february survived children cremated anglican ceremony | Leslie Douglas Jackson | Warfare | Military people | Military people (G –M) |
21621_EricLock | april august raf fighter pilot flying ace second world war born lock experience flying teenager late 1930s war possibility likely event called arms lock decided prefer fight joined raf completed training posted squadron raf time lock raf successful allied pilot battle shooting german aircraft sharing destruction lock served channel flying offensive sweeps france lock went bring overall total aerial victories shared destroyed probable weeks operational sorties year period time hospitalised months included victory total german fighter aircraft lock promoted rank flight lieutenant lock earned nickname extremely short stature months famous raf pilots country crash landed english channel damaged ground fire lock posted missing action seen early life career born farming family home rural privately educated london road 14th birthday father treated minute flight sir unlike teenagers lock unimpressed flying soon lost interest left school joined father business decision going war wanted fighter pilot immediately joined months lock called began flight training outbreak war september trained pilot lock joined raf training commissioned posted squadron flying lock completed training late officially qualified fighter pilot posted squadron acting pilot officer lock spent weeks squadron taking weeks leave pass july marry girlfriend miss lock returned unit soon began combat patrols defending british based norway lock bored patrols involved chasing lone enemy raiders success second world war began july luftwaffe making attacks british shipping english channel britain east_coast august bases came attack germans attempted establish air superiority southern england battles grew larger scale squadron based north clear main combat zone saw little action weeks german air offensive lock frustration ended august date luftwaffe attempted stretch launching wave aircraft targets northern england german intelligence believed little opposition battle lock gained victory climbing feet north spotted formation squadron ordered line astern formation attack attack lock followed section leader second opportunity fire heavy fighter short bursts starboard engine caught fire following enemy fighter feet lock fired fuselage set port engine fire machine gunner ceased firing lock left feet lock going claim probable pilot saw crash confirmed victory lock soon attacked downing number light need units south country squadron raf essex september september lock flew red positioned protecting squadron leader shot thames estuary victims crashed river caught fire fell lock followed quickly realised mistake reducing height pursue damaged enemy pilot risk enemy fighters late attacked sustained damage wound leg lock immediately climbed attempted follow pilot stalled fell away lock reversed direction waiting german fighter come dive fired short bursts exploded looking saw second land english channel miles lock noticing boat alerted boat presence flying led vessel crash site left scene saw crew surrendering occupants boat way home saw victim river nearby claimed destroyed date following day despite pain leg medical advice lock claimed seventh victory dover september claimed destroyed kent followed success victories september victory brought tally enemy aircraft destroyed seven days awarded award october citation reading lock continued shoot enemy aircraft regularly september recorded victories following day shared destruction destroying september sea rest days followed september claimed probably destroyed patrol destroyed plus probably destroyed afternoon september filed curious report saw attack shooting forcing flee france sortie sighted pursued english channel finally downing german gun batteries landing told commanding officer awarded medal bar victories days published october citation read squadron pilots placed weeks rotation rest following intense period operational sorties returning early october lock immediately commenced left october credited kent october claimed miles dover probable followed seconds later dispatched october october shot directly victory brought total making lock quadruple ace october lock destroyed bring tally aerial victories ended october lock enemy aircraft destroyed successful allied ace campaign channel november badly damaged skirmish badly damaged lock crash landed field able walk away november squadron attacked formation cover bomber raid london shooting setting fire hit volley cannon shells severely injured lock right arm legs rounds knocked throttle permanently open control open throttle enabled accelerate swiftly mph leaving wake lock having attempt operate injured right arm feet began descend little control means slowing fighter execute safe landing badly injured parachute safety lock situation losing height feet lock switched engine found suitable crash site near suffolk stricken fighter wheels landing lying aircraft hours found patrolling british_army soldiers carried miles improvised rifles army issue winter coats instruction lock point lock lost blood unconscious unable feel additional pain dropped times water transferred princess mary hospital awarded december citation read lock underwent separate operations following months remove metal fragments wounds following months remained injuries leaving occasion travel uniform buckingham palace king presented bar mentioned despatches march battles death lock spent months hospital stayed battle britain ace operated famous surgeon wrote memoirs enemy death flying accident january remembered lock having treatment nurses wore anti infection masks gloves curse dawn till dusk june received promoted requested report immediate flying duty squadron weeks later promoted flight lieutenant posted squadron command flight july gained victories flying offensive sweeps france july july july near august lock returning fighter spotted column german troops vehicles road near signalling attack lock seen formation prepare ground attack time seen believed shot ground fire body found despite thorough search area years following war raf commonwealth war graves commission lock successful raf aces shot period shot error taken prisoner august hit enemy ground based near sur january forced crash land taken prisoner july lost similar circumstances lock suggested writer lock shot german ace near german pilot claim lock posted missing early morning sortie war diary shows claim evening location claim listed combat report memorial lock carved panel british commonwealth airmen posted missing action war new road named family home lies members bar club based wartime airfield list victories lock credited air victories probable victories total included probably destroyed | Eric Lock | Warfare | Military people | Military people (G –M) |
21935_AngusMcDonald(Virginiamilitiaman) | angus mcdonald virginia angus mcdonald august prominent scottish american military officer sheriff landowner virginia rising mcdonald fought lieutenant command treason fled scotland departing age following arrival virginia mcdonald worked merchant years mcdonald moved west virginia interior entered military service colonial government lieutenant governor receiving rank captain mcdonald served french indian war general command company following war mcdonald retired rank captain mcdonald returned military service commissioned 6th lord cameron major command militia lord appointed mcdonald attorney land agent northern neck governor 4th earl commissioned mcdonald ranking military officer expedition known promptly organize recruit settlers west defend settlements native american attacks mcdonald completed expedition met goal temporarily relieving western virginia frontier settlements attack mcdonald received personal letter general george_washington appointing lieutenant colonel battalion command colonel despite loyalty cause mcdonald refused washington appointment mcdonald later appointed washington serve lieutenant colonel command virginia revolutionary militia forces american revolutionary war served revolutionary committees war early life angus mcdonald born scottish highlands immediate family member chief clan clan seat probably son angus mcdonald younger son commander clan early mcdonald descendant long line military heroes clan lord isles mcdonald raised educated glasgow rising mcdonald fought lieutenant command treason fled scotland departing age colonial military service early colonial military career mcdonald arrived virginia port belongings brought short sword bearing coat arms worn battle following arrival years worked merchant mcdonald moved west virginia interior entered military service colonial government lieutenant governor receiving rank captain return service conflicts native americans mcdonald received acres km2 land colonial government virginia year mcdonald moved west settlement winchester established lodge winchester mcdonald served member mcdonald served french indian war general command company mcdonald company marched autumn following war mcdonald retired rank captain retirement governor 4th earl granted mcdonald additional acres km2 land surveyed october prior land grant lord mcdonald purchased acres km2 east winchester built original mcdonald family residence region named ancestral homeland mcdonald returned military service commissioned 6th lord cameron major command militia year lord appointed mcdonald attorney land agent northern neck mcdonald magistrate court associate lord brother george_washington washington cousin reverend early mcdonald participated expedition surveying military bounty lands lying ohio rivers granted colonial government virginia soldiers officers exchange military service french indian war expedition cut short hostilities native americans mcdonald provided account hostilities reports received attacks settlers lord mcdonald accounts settlers resulted lord decision wage war native americans frontier lands western virginia continued settlement early june lord commissioned mcdonald ranking military officer expedition known promptly organize recruit settlers west rivers order defend european american settlements native american attacks lord commissioned captain mcdonald command placed charge force mcdonald combined forces numbered approximately men following convergence near present day ohio river addition captains expedition included entire force near mcdonald captain directed construction fort july following erection mcdonald ordered soldiers pack seven days worth provisions july forces crossed mouth miles south fort mcdonald forces continued boats reached mouth marched villages known near mouth creek modern day dresden ohio mcdonald forces encountered enemy native american forces expedition miles ambushed force approximately arranged columns head crossing ambush resulted deaths soldiers wounding following ambush mcdonald forces reached nightfall august mcdonald forces arrived chief town discover evacuated inhabitants found nearby preparing ambush mcdonald forces surrendered mcdonald exchange peace mcdonald forces continued march settlement ambush ensued resulting burning villages ambush resulted destruction plantations fields mcdonald forces took prisoner mcdonald forces returned tribal chiefs captives sent colonial virginia seat government mcdonald completed expedition met goal temporarily relieving western virginia frontier settlements native american attack continued serve lord end war letter dated january following return winchester mcdonald recounted war country pleased following war december mcdonald promoted rank lieutenant colonel august mcdonald appointed took oath sheriff justice county court ordinance serving sheriff placed command militias frederick counties time command frederick militias counties encompassed territory virginia tennessee boundary blue ridge mountains exception created parts frederick counties onset american revolution mcdonald ardent whig march mcdonald received personal letter general george_washington appointing lieutenant colonel battalion command colonel rector present day virginia associate magistrate court served alongside mcdonald despite loyalty cause mcdonald refused appointment reasons second command colonel lacking prior military experience mcdonald previously member resigned following dispute matter business church general fellow wrote letter mcdonald dated march accept washington appointment stating appointment comes entirely merit stephen warned mcdonald let highland pride dissuade serving event mcdonald refused washington offer stephen wrote write letter notice making best excuse mcdonald later appointed washington serve lieutenant colonel command virginia revolutionary militia forces american revolutionary war served revolutionary committees war mcdonald died august home near winchester receiving incorrect medication potassium legacy article published winchester star said mcdonald founded dynasty military men distinguished scottish highlands documentation stated mcdonald man commanding figure strong personality rigid troops marriage children mcdonald married maryland june anna daughter wife family dutch descent mcdonald wife seven children sons daughters married august angus mcdonald december october married january september married june married march july april died infancy | Angus McDonald (Virginia militiaman) | Warfare | Military people | Military people (G –M) |
22060_JohnC."Pappy"Herbst | september july american flying ace officially second highest scoring fighter pilot confirmed victories months commander hill said greatest fighter pilots saw described colorful successful aces fought europe german aircraft possibly downing joined instructor training fighter pilots years teaching intelligence duties sent china fight japanese seven months led fighter squadron far ranging independent missions operating advance airfields crude conditions face operation successful japanese movement scored majority kills called administrative flights completed theater requirement combat missions war toured demonstration team flying jets day marrying second wife crashed maneuver died early life born california rural near area described teens attended los_angeles following graduated degree petroleum engineering year earned private pilot license married 1930s fathered son named tommy graduating studied law night working petroleum engineer day joined business advancement joined los_angeles world war working tax consultant american oil company left civilian life joined learn fly fighters combat training posted united_kingdom flew scored kill unconfirmed early returned joined flight instructor florida area months transferred field florida coast work test pilot solve air combat tactical problems colonel hill beach wife witnessed pilot flying dangerous near water hill ordered unknown pilot grounded days penalty fell flying area time days came hill office apologize stunt flying ask rest punishment said stand longer colonel got fly hill thought excellent candidate air combat determined transferred assigned air combat intelligence duties washington february request combat hill request finally satisfied shipped february disembarked chinese soil time divorced wife arrival acquired nickname hair having son school greater age relative pilots ground crew painted small personal fighter aircraft china acknowledging stated german kill verified named aircraft tommy dad honor son initially served provisional scoring aerial victories transferred serving flying gathering weather data north june shot lone fighter kill days later june commander position held february converted flown soon prevailed combat august near flying scored aerial victories ace transitioned august september shot japanese aircraft reported dive bombers probably models instead victories september tally reached victories appreciated ability absorb damage low level combat close support infantry finer work dive bombing skip bombing said time raised rank major july given free command squadron radio sign guerrilla squadron fought japanese forces conducting successful drive consolidate communications rail lines months combat completed required combat sorties time forward officially restricted administrative flights idea administrative flights broad aggressive including weather assessment new pilot training areas japanese aircraft known operating flew observer combat missions scored enemy aircraft aerial victories achieved administrative flights flight september fighter sophisticated airfield china machine guns working properly needed expert attention encountered groups enemy fighters group group lower altitude hostile force half guns working head attack group killing leader aircraft hit repeatedly enemy rounds shattering canopy enemy aircraft joined battle blood deep cuts partially continued damaging fighters probably killing flight leader finally gun stopped working away land safely airfield performance earned purple heart accounts action describe fighting aircraft total high low intelligence officer squadron writes flights protecting unknown number victories japanese aircraft promoted lieutenant colonel february personally flown missions greatly increased morale effectiveness squadron command squadron achieved aerial victories destroyed enemy aircraft ground squadron pilot killed aerial combat postwar commander florida return china venice served training base prisoner war camp told reporter wanted fly expected invasion japan instead japanese surrendered war time teamed major write article entitled planes fight white devil air explanation dangers ice aircraft countered november commander based march field southern_california april formed jet demonstration team flying lockheed shooting star leadership pilots performed coordinated routine thrilled crowds stop including appearance washington named honor bride age married second time july actress new_york_city wedding conducted mission inn riverside california near march field best man served china day assigned command 27th fighter squadron american jet fighter group flying july fatally injured people based march field crashed west flying formation olds crashed dry near del aircraft stalled encore routine finale pair loop land olds narrowly avoided fate new wife witnessed accident year old son tommy rushed aid rescue died shortly nearby naval hospital | John C. "Pappy" Herbst | Warfare | Military people | Military people (G –M) |
22223_JeanAmbroiseBastondeLariboisière | general artillery french empire fought french revolutionary wars napoleonic wars died fatigue december retreat moscow superb organizer rose rapidly artillery ranks reliably directed artillery park initial engagements war coalition directed investment necessary danzig addition reliable commander infantry supporting corps northern italy campaign direction artillery fire battle resulted destruction ice covering lake russian army forces retreated placement artillery battle gave french tactical advantage fire russian lines artillery provided rear guard coverage french withdrawal sons survived wars family founded paris family education born august father lieutenant general civil criminal justice mother designated early military career brilliant student military academy received commission lieutenant entered regiment years older developed continued death military career cited distinguished officer outset french revolution showed moderate support promoted captain assigned command took invasion surrender french army held prisoner war following years participated campaigns adjutant colonel colonel brigadier general directed artillery parks army rhine organized received command artillery park battle artillery defended heights gave army time evacuate city position opposite river afterward sent northern italy commanded advance guard division right wing infantry artillery crossed river marched left bank took position beneath protected flank russian sufficiently establish large train artillery strengthen french positions river division saint right wing battle troops ones properly positioned rest french army place battle held center french line beating russian assaults french defeat went participated operations genoa eventually rejoined campaign southwestern germany culminating napoleonic wars commanded artillery campaign war coalition directed investment prior capitulation contributed success commanded artillery attached corps firing ice lakes russian columns retreating artillery fire converted russian retreat scale rout bombardment french artillery soldiers broke ice men drowned cold ponds dozens russian artillery pieces going successfully repelled infantry charges artillery fire subsequently napoleon raised major general appointed command artillery february remained day long battle battery guns french center campaigns briefly served governor later replaced general des prior engagements northeastern prussia wounded sniper bullet continued direct siege city directed imperial guard artillery battles organized security river napoleon russia conferred terms peace february took command artillery recalled napoleon gave command artillery battle napoleon raised post inspector general ordnance weaponry ammunition russian campaign planning russian campaign immediately difficulties transporting artillery ammunition vast distance river russia army left prussia artillery pieces kinds sizes despite heavy rain french arrived despite mud artillery established prior battle contributed successful targeted fire evening battle scouted russian positions determine means bombarding russians established left night strategically placed french artillery park artillery bombarded russian positions firing rounds sons ferdinand fatally wounded charge russian lines grief stricken exhausted fatigue general fell sick died december legacy body rests church les coffin following inscription count major general commanding artillery born died december general heart hosted private chapel near castle brittany sons served artillery survived brother ferdinand killed retreat moscow subsequent campaigns prussia served raised france founded | Jean Ambroise Baston de Lariboisière | Warfare | Military people | Military people (G –M) |
22239_Hans-JoachimMarseille | december september german pronunciation luftwaffe fighter pilot flying ace world war noted aerial battles bohemian lifestyle successful fighter pilots nicknamed star africa claimed seven official victories north_africa flying fighter entire combat career pilot claimed western allied aircraft french ancestry joined luftwaffe age graduated luftwaffe fighter pilot schools time participate notable success charming person busy night life tired allowed fly morning result transferred unit relocated north_africa april guidance new commander recognised potential young officer quickly developed abilities fighter pilot reached fighter pilot career september course combat sorties claimed enemy fighters shot earning mit und cross oak leaves swords diamonds days later killed flying accident forced abandon fighter engine failure exited smoke filled cockpit chest struck vertical aircraft blow killed instantly unable open parachute early life born charlotte maiden family paternal ancestry berlin december child physically weak nearly died case father army officer world war later left armed forces join force later rejoined army promoted general promoted attained rank july served eastern beginning operation killed partisans near january buried cemetery younger sister sick leave athens end december summoned berlin telegram mother arriving home learned sister slain jealous lover recovered emotionally blow young child parents divorced mother subsequently married police official named initially assumed stepfather school matter difficult time accepting reverted father adulthood acquired reputation rebel lack discipline characteristic plague early luftwaffe career difficult relationship natural father refused visit hamburg time divorce eventually attempted reconciliation father subsequently introduced initially military career early years luftwaffe father attended 12th age gymnasium berlin considered lazy student constantly playing getting trouble end school years started education seriously qualified youngest years months achieve graduating early expressed desire flying officer entry luftwaffe athletic physique received good report term state labour service near bremen april september joined luftwaffe november officer candidate received military basic training region march transferred air war school near classmates reports breach military discipline consequently ordered stay base class mates weekend leave frequently ignored left note went occasion performing slow circuit broke away performed imaginary weaving commanding officer taken flying duties promotion postponed soon cross country flight landed quiet stretch ran tree relieve farmers came needed assistance time arrived way blown infuriated farmers reported matter suspended flying graduated officers early left rank end completed training 5th fighter pilot school posted november time command world war flying ace recipient teachers austro hungarian world war ace graduated outstanding evaluation july assigned unit assigned air defence duty plant outbreak war fall france august assigned based begin operations britain received outstanding evaluation time world war england august involved minute battle skilled opponent defeated opponent pulling tight gain altitude advantage diving firing british fighter struck engine pitching diving english channel victory engaged enemy fighters pushing aircraft steep dive pulling metres water escaped machine gun fire opponents away waves clean break followed returned sic based near pleasure victory found difficult accept realities aerial combat second sortie scored victory september claimed fourth victory ace september claiming fifth enemy aircraft returning bomber escort mission september flying engine failed miles combat damage sustained dover pilot officer squadron shot according source destroyed engagement pursued location pilot rescued naval aircraft german known rescued day location official claim destroyed pilot submit claim location tried radio position forced bail sea water hours rescued float plane based severely worn suffering exposure sent field hospital claimed aerial victories loss day trouble arriving airfield abandoned leader shot killed received stern final warning tore flight visibly upset looking pilots voicing dissent concerning pilots arrogance nature eventually dismiss account recalled ignored order turn fight outnumbered seeing enemy aircraft closing wing leader broke formation shot attacking aircraft expecting landed thoroughly criticised actions receiving days confinement failing carry order days later passed promotion sole humiliation abilities suppressed squadron leaders glory air shortly early october having claimed seven aerial victories flying transferred flying alongside likes wrote aircraft result operations period later recalled extremely handsome gifted pilot unreliable girl friends kept busy worn grounded irresponsible way conducting duties main reason fired irresistible charm punishment rumoured penchant american jazz music overt playboy lifestyle inability fly transferred december joined new unit difficult outstanding career new later recalled hair long brought list disciplinary long arm thirty years later called playboy quickly recognised potential pilot stated interview disciplinary problem great fighter pilot soon relocated north_africa arrival north_africa unit briefly saw action invasion yugoslavia deployed april transferring africa april flight tripoli developed engine trouble forced landing desert short destination squadron departed scene ensured got safely continued journey italian truck finding slow tried luck vain finally way general charge supply depot main route convinced available operations day character appealed general disposal complete pay getting victories parting words caught squadron arrived april scored victories april april shot sortie day lieutenant free french pilot squadron raf victories flying received hits cockpit area shattered canopy leaning forward rounds missed inches managed crash land fighter month later records shot engaged target turning ensued june encouraged self train improve abilities time crashed damaged aircraft including aircraft april kill rate low went june august victory frustrated damage forced land occasions june hit ground fire forced land blind tactic diving enemy formations found fire directions resulting aircraft damaged repair consequently losing patience persisted created unique self training programme physical tactical resulted outstanding awareness confident control aircraft unique attack tactic preferred high angle shooting attack shooting target instead common method chasing aircraft shooting directly practiced tactics way missions comrades known master shooting began claim enemy aircraft regularly occasion organise welfare downed pilot personally driving remote crash sites rescue downed allied airmen september shot royal_australian_air_force raaf squadron flew airfield dropped note informing australians condition treatment returned days later second note news death repeated sorties warned forbade flights kind war stated attempted gestures group loved shooting aircraft killing man tried separate allowed escape suppose finally september practice came fruition multiple victory sortie claiming hurricanes squadron south african air force mid december reached victories duly awarded gold rotated germany november december convert variant described experts mount victories represented 23rd victory star africa improve abilities worked strengthen legs abdominal muscles help tolerate extreme forces air combat drank abnormal milk sunglasses improve counter german fighter attacks allied pilots flew circles aircraft tail covered friendly aircraft tactic effective dangerous pilot attacking formation find constantly sights enemy pilots high speed middle enemy defensive formations executing tight turn firing second shot destroy enemy aircraft successes begun readily apparent early claimed 40th victories february 44th victories days later earned knight des month victories attacked conditions considered unfavourable allowed approach fast escape return fire aircraft flying flank target excellent possible spot enemy spotted allowing appropriate action manoeuvre position attack combat unorthodox methods led operate small leader unit believed effective way fighting high visibility conditions north african skies worked combat keeping safe distance fire error particularly attacking allied aircraft circle favour dramatically reducing throttle lowering flaps reduce speed turn radius standard procedure throttle clade said pilots effectively preferring instead dive single opponents speed escape went wrong clade said tactics developed special tactics differed significantly methods pilots attacking circle fly slowly took point operate landing flaps fall course fly curve turns tightly upper defensive circle fighter unit command aircraft like victories recognised unique shooting curve shooting difficult thing pilot enemy flies defensive circle means lying curve attacking fighter fly defensive circle pulling aircraft right curve radius smaller target disappears cases wings anymore proceed simply instinct success fighter pilot led promotions responsibility officer saw receive unusually early promotion followed appointment june succeeding took command conversation friend commented style idea air air combat experience combat middle british sic firing position getting caught aircraft basic elements got mastered got able shoot position left right turns roll way develop particular tactics attack tactics enemy simply course battle series unpredictable movements actions stemming situation hand middle enemy blow inside narrow escape damaged squadron raaf southeast bay bounced downed australian pilots flying officer took hits oil tank propeller likely flying officer reported damaging managed shoot sergeant nursing aircraft base repairs took days aerial victories recorded numbers weeks later performed mercy mission witnessing victory pilot officer squadron raf strike tail plane fighter fall death parachute open landing drove crash site landed allied lines found dead pilot german territory marked grave collected papers verified identity flew airfield deliver letter regret died days 21st birthday attack method break formations perfected resulted high proportion kills rapid multiple victories attack june attacked formation fighters shot aircraft squadron minutes including aces victories victories victories success inflated score recording 75th victories awarded mit june nicknamed flying counting machine said fight enemy shot turning soon shot needed enemy plane pattern gunfire began engine nose consistently ended cockpit able explain throttle far possible enabled fly turns expenditure ammunition air battle rounds aircraft shot place methods context amazing ingenious combat pilot saw lucky occasions thought jumping fight outnumbered trying catch violated cardinal rule fighter combat abandoned rules june claimed 100th aerial victory 11th luftwaffe pilot achieve century mark returned germany months leave following day awarded mit und august began journey north_africa accompanied fiancée august met rome presented highest italian military award bravery italy disappeared time prompting german authorities missing persons report submitted head rome finally located according rumours run italian girl eventually persuaded return unit unusually said incident repercussions visited leaving fiancée rome returned combat duties august september successful day destroying enemy aircraft nos september claim victories productive month enemy aircraft shot included minutes result feat presented regia squadron italian comrades painted italian language aircraft air forces shot single pilot day pilot bully november better score eastern september claimed victories nos hit fire british canadian ace nazi propaganda magazine published luftwaffe reported actions volume days later edwards likely killed friend day september close friend posted missing action personal losses weighed heavily mind family tragedy noted barely spoke weeks life strain combat induced consistent night symptoms stress disorder remembered events continued scoring multiple victories september including seven september nos september failed increase score fractured arm sustained force landing soon september mission result forbidden fly day borrowed italian ace based test flight flight ended wheels landing german ace accidentally switched engine throttle control italian aircraft opposite german aircraft nearly surpassed friend score victories weeks massive material superiority allies meant strain placed outnumbered german pilots severe time strength german fighter units aircraft british muster machines physically exhausted pace combat combat september reportedly verge collapse minute battle formation scored seventh victory day particular note claim landing afternoon september physically exhausted accounts squadron members visibly shocked physical state according post battle accounts engaged pilot intense began high altitude descended low level recounted opponent tail succeeded fired time pursued managed turn table attacker finally minutes fuel remaining climbed sun raf fighter followed caught executed tight turn roll fired metres range caught fire shed wing crashed ground pilot inside wrote toughest adversary turns fabulous thought fight unfortunately pilot unit remain unidentified aircraft following aircraft flew sustained damage september aerial combat crash landed near sustained damage september aerial combat emergency landing near sustained damage september aerial combat near dover sustained damage september emergency landing engine failure near sustained damage april emergency landing engine failure near sustained damage april emergency landing combat belly landing near sustained damage aerial combat emergency landing near flew different aircraft score rose february victory bars rudder september aircraft lost wing collision pilot collided piloted killed resulting crash injuries weeks later number open topped victory bars rudder final early variant rear fuselage horizontal support bars lower rear fuselage joining fin rudder elevators forward fuselage section black outlined yellow rudder enclosed atop victory bars death missions september flown shot seven enemy aircraft machines replace allocated previously ignored orders use new aircraft high engine failure rate orders reluctantly machines engine final aircraft flew days rested taken flying duties september received telephone asking return berlin hitler speech berlin september attend rejected offer citing needed taken months vacation year revealed wanted leave christmas marry fiancée september leading escort mission covering withdrawal group relieving outward escort iii deployed support africa flight enemy aircraft vicinity enemy withdrew combat heading height formation directed iii engage heard leader claim radio returning base new cockpit began fill smoke blinded half guided german lines reaching friendly lines yellow lost power drifting lower lower called minutes reached friendly lines point deemed aircraft longer decided bail words comrades got stand longer personally directing mission command post command post listening radio communication pilots realised immediately happened knew flight trying bring lines territory aircraft lot smoke flying tight formation away necessary room manoeuvre rolled aircraft standard procedure bail smoke slight failed notice aircraft entered steep dive angle degrees travelling considerably faster speed mph worked way cockpit rushing air carried backwards left chest striking vertical fighter killing instantly rendering unconscious point deploy parachute fell vertically hitting desert floor kilometres south hole parachute canopy recovering body parachute release handle safe revealing attempted open whilst checking body regimental doctor regiment noted stopped exactly reach crash site having stationed rear forward defences witnessed fatal fall autopsy report stated pilot lay stomach asleep arms hidden beneath body came closer saw pool blood issued crushed skull brain matter exposed turned dead pilot opened flight jacket saw knight cross oak leaves swords actually received diamonds personally knew immediately told collected body desert lay state sick bay comrades coming pay respects day tribute record enjoyed listening played close day funeral took place october heroes cemetery albert delivering eulogy entry flight book read flight duration minutes time landing black cross took parachute kilometres south remarks engine damage flights combat flights total kills certified field september crash hastily set commission report concluded crash caused damage differential gear caused oil leak number teeth broke spur wheel ignited oil sabotage human error ruled aircraft ferried unit italy mission ended destruction mission impact death moved africa month impact death morale deaths german aces friend weeks earlier reduced spirits time low biographer suggests consequences instigated failure command style entirely control success relied carry greater share aerial victories claimed unit death came seemingly prepared historians point fact promotions based personal success rates reason pilots score air victories let flew support showed held attacking enemy aircraft build score higher result step shoes killed explained handicap pilots scored partially overcome morale effect success pilots like fact pilots acted secondary role escort master luftwaffe able operational leaders assessment subordinate commander quality necessarily easily fighter pilot absolutely supreme possessed lightning quicker judgment bigger orbit unique impact enemy fighter pilots morale unclear quoted pilot officer squadron raf extremely skilled pilot deadly shot helpless feeling continually bounced little hand enemy pilots familiar known personnel desert apparently little indication allied pilots heard information readily way stories pilots knew hoped duel skies likely case memorials appeared times time wednesday february general der visited airport desert second time wednesday july travelled receive knight oak leaves swords adolf_hitler time wednesday september announcing aerial victories september awarded diamonds appearance dates wednesday september showing visiting wartime pyramid constructed italian engineers site fall time decayed october survivors operation egyptian government erected new pyramid stands day weeks following death morale low attempt improve morale persuaded seen photographs grave bears word undefeated understood war remains brought memorial gardens mother visited grave remains small clay coffin bearing number german film star africa directed starring october barracks renamed barracks memorial family found graveyard berlin left bears insignia tail rudder second bearing victory marks display der initially given family gift donated museum 1970s years death fighter pilot veterans world war gathered honour international fighter pilots meeting october attending meeting fighter pilots different countries including shot june guests honour meeting mother fiancée 16th reunion took place september invited guest honour corporal south_africa matthew alias black south african soldier taken prisoner war german troops morning june fortress initially worked volunteer driver befriended domestic africa victory claims notable actions transferred combat assignment time stationed sunday august days later arrived unit august assigned assigned flew combat mission day wednesday august claimed aerial victory august little years aerial victories aerial victories claimed combat missions ace indicates days ace day term fighter pilot shot single day indicates aerial combat report missing indicates australian historian expressed doubt claims claims north_africa included fighters fighters fighters bombers bomber bomber hold records aerial victories biographer attempt link records allied units squadrons possible individual pilots order verify claims possible dispute claims allied squadron records german claims caused historians allied veterans question accuracy official victories addition attention focused claims september claimed biographer claims victories verified allied records war historian major states years british historians refused admit lost aircraft day north_africa careful review records british south lose aircraft day area operated reveals raf single engined fighters twin engined fighter destroyed severely damaged shot overall reveals kill total comes close percent indicating claims actually kills compares rate pilots canadian records shows percent aces like order magnitude claims support conclusions british historian gives figure allied losses day claims september doubt following detailed scrutiny records individual allied squadrons australian historian brown lists occasions downed aircraft claimed pointed low military value shooting fighters bombers having highly damaging effect axis ground units convoy routes referring september points shot claimed day rest german fighter pilots got british sic lost bombers period lost bombers fell anti aircraft defences evidence shows forced defensive losses inflicted bombers summary career decorations early 1990s biographers visited base museum photograph medals arrived informed swords diamonds belonging stolen references dates rank joined military service november station region received military basic training luftwaffe recruit stations operation completed training assigned stationed airport absence environment biographers written authority movement general came fore movie movie life described incident occurred shortly presented swords young visit germany presented evidence shocked information return north_africa went hiding italy instead established whereabouts pressured return research biographers unearthed truth story attitude ruling nazi movement demonstrated lack respect nazi elite visit germany june august gifted pianist invited play piece home industrialist designer fighter achieved success guests party included adolf_hitler party chairman hitler deputy commander chief luftwaffe head display piano play hour including proceeded play american jazz considered nazi ideology hitler stood raised hand said think heard left room found prank amusing recalled blood heard music played later month invited function despite stunt stab confirmed visit conversation mentioned jews stated talking operation effect following murder construction know asked standing summoned logistics new camp mentioned cleared jews dealt noticed young pilot later learned debated decided returned unit asked friends clade heard happening jews underway know recalled heard jews relocated territory gained east recounted attempted ask questions jews vanished neighbourhood including family doctor delivered birth regardless hero status attempted bring subject conversation people approached met awkward people changed subject turned away noticed change attitude nation cause spoke comrades | Hans-Joachim Marseille | Warfare | Military people | Military people (G –M) |
22242_JamesJabara | october november american american united_states_air_force jet ace history born oklahoma lived kansas enlisted aviation cadet fort riley graduating high school attended flying schools texas received pilot wings commissioned second lieutenant flew tours combat duty europe world war north american pilot scored air victories german aircraft flew jet aircraft lockheed shooting star transitioning north american sabre aircraft shoot multiple soviet built jets korean war achieved confirmed air victory war april month later scored fifth sixth victories making american jet ace history eventually scored victories giving title triple ace ranked second highest scoring ace korean war received accomplishments combat held series commands air_force bases united_states flew lockheed later leave service vietnam colonel traveling family cars new home daughter crashed car driving riding killing buried arlington national cemetery recognition contributions military aviation airport outside kansas named honor year alumni association award academy graduate accomplishments demonstrate superior performance early life born oklahoma descent father john mother came town joined eventually eagle scout early age set pilot read articles eddie novels read air combat guess sixth grade ambition fighter pilot worked parents grocery store graduated kansas standing feet inches tall short potential fighter pilot reportedly required wear prevent immediately enlisting aviation cadet kansas attempt improve flying ate day mistaken belief improve vision attending flying schools texas received pilot wings commission second lieutenant moore field texas october wife children world war world war allied forces fought german aircraft allies fighter aircraft including north american assigned tours combat duty pilot europe tour lasted january october mission assigned attacking german railroad targets belgium march mission escorting bombers germany german pilot shot canopy faced freezing temperatures high altitude able shoot german aircraft returning base mission formation pilot collided safely aircraft destroyed incident engaged german aircraft collided mid air pilots safely floated ground met shook hands tour ended returned united_states instructor pilots returned europe second tour february december european combat known kid penchant smoking flew combat missions credited destruction half german aircraft aerial combat half considered shared pilot ground received oak leaf cluster victories air medal world war considered leaving military attend college later decided attend florida stationed okinawa okinawa flew jet aircraft lockheed shooting star reflecting transition jet aircraft said entirely different feet remembered raise landing gear quiet fast guess probably moment life returned united_states assigned flight commander rank captain 4th fighter wing flying newly operational north american sabre jet fighter new castle county airport delaware korean war start korean war split american backed government south soviet backed opposing government north divided 38th parallel united_states soviet_union agreed maintain division mutual decision future peninsula june north korean troops crossed parallel attacked key south korean targets united_states prepared military assistance soviet_union helped north training pilots providing aircraft arrived korea december fighter squadron 4th fighter wing squadron sabre unit deployed counter threat soviet january flown combat missions damaged korean jet fighter air combat achieved confirmed victory april took region northwestern north_korea credited april april fourth april eager fifth victory deemed flying ace voluntarily transferred fighter squadron rotated united_states flights encountered multiple radio communications additional flights joined battle including preparation oncoming battle sabre pilots ordered auxiliary fuel tanks improve fuel tank failed separate wing protocol required return base aircraft extra weight limit potential match decided continue air battle able handle aircraft credited shooting caliber machine gun fire group plane group able aircraft explode gunfire saw second victory avoiding targeted fifth sixth victories american history use jet aircraft ace americans said minute air battle included nearly russian data shows american pilots recorded victories pilot probable returning base sabre low fuel turned engine base turning prior landing data matching soviet records available end cold war shown lost combat jet versus jet tally best american military forces claimed jet versus jet ace later stated interview bag day feel pretty good know jet ace history aerial warfare mission 63rd korean mission eventual awarded nation second highest decoration wishes received leave publicity tour family grocery store people days father john appeared local national radio television mounted attended city history sent goodwill tour father middle_east gave speech father hometown lebanon film included footage aircraft accolades included song bird ritual rewarding boston baseball game returned united_states temporary assignment air force headquarters washington months later transferred illinois request returned tour duty overseas arriving korea january major second tour credited shooting total victories recorded seventh victory shot additional total war june shot days later flight group encountered encountered mechanical problems nearly caused aircraft crash elevated hill resolving aircraft issues returned battle able shoot damaged june missions day resulted victory second mission involved escorting sabre fighter bombers shot came heavy fire attempt evade attack quickly accelerated engine aircraft ocean potential water rescue crashed able restart engine return base recorded final victory july days later flew missions eager find attempt tie surpass air victories opposing aircraft victories gave title triple ace korean war victories received oak leaf cluster distinguished service cross additional air victories korean war second american air victories recorded soviet_union pilots exceeded tied victories korea returned united_states july assigned commander air force base later renamed arizona january florida join test lockheed reassigned headquarters syracuse new_york assumed command fighter squadron air force base massachusetts flew combat missions taiwan july june attended graduated montgomery alabama texas piloted bomber helped train nato pilots july stationed luke air force base arizona wrote aircraft significant technological improvement sabre given command 31st tactical fighter wing florida risen rank colonel youngest rank time volunteered fly combat missions vietnam war flew mission july joining super sabre flight group bombing run damaged buildings held returned leave homestead week mission death traveling south_carolina family stay returned combat vietnam year old daughter died car accident florida november family cars day way new home south_carolina wife children reside combat tour driving father passenger seat lost control car going construction zone initially grass median highway rapid turn lost control vehicle returned median rolled times sustained head injuries pronounced dead arrival hospital died days later memorial service held homestead air force base missing man formation fly daughter buried single grave arlington national cemetery grandson graduate killed pilot training accident texas january legacy airport north kansas named colonel honor year alumni association award academy graduate accomplishments demonstrate superior performance fields directly involved vehicles james memorial foundation founded friend foundation constructed statue colorado named distinguished aviator year named men promote aviation years named awards decorations world war colonel awarded oak leaf cluster air medal oak leaf clusters korea received oak leaf cluster awarded missions flown april shot defending american bombers received shooting fifth sixth victories received oak leaf cluster united_kingdom awarded accomplishments combat december | James Jabara | Warfare | Military people | Military people (G –M) |
22366_MaslamaibnAbdal-Malik | ibn ibn arabic greek sources prince prominent arab generals early decades 8th century leading campaigns byzantine_empire achieved great fame especially leading second arab siege byzantine capital constantinople strengthening muslim presence founder early life career son ibn reigned half brother excluded line succession mother slave mentioned leading nephew ibn annual summer campaign byzantine_empire major expedition campaign byzantine city southeastern launched retaliation defeat death distinguished general year siege lasted winter arab army faced great arabs defeated byzantine relief force spring city surrendered months later summer led expedition defeated byzantine army near raided region year appointed military governor armenia succeeding uncle added post governor northern syria held governorship documented early arabic posts historian claims likely patron possibly responsible construction works command provinces effectively gave complete control entire northwestern border position launched campaigns byzantines devastating taking establish presence north leading commencement direct conflict second arab war marched army gate gates arabic took destroyed expedition siege constantinople leading general plans brother conquer byzantine capital constantinople ill lead campaign person led huge army sources report numbered men ships late arab vanguard crossed mountains byzantine territory following spring main army fleet arabs plans aided civil strife plagued byzantines emperor overthrown turn opposed theme hoped use divisions byzantines benefit initiated contacts leo negotiations arab general occupied strategic city intended use winter base result marched west spent winter leo marched constantinople entered march early summer army crossed asia europe dardanelles proceeded constantinople land sea navy soon use greek fire army unable overcome city land defences siege continued winter especially severe year snow covering ground months brought supplies soon ran lost arab accounts leo arab general negotiations handing destroying significant supplies army began suffer hunger disease spring reinforcements arrived shape large fleets egypt large crews christians went byzantines leo navy managed destroy capture arab fleets byzantines defeated arab army marching aid men contend attacks cost men siege clearly failed new ordered retreat august thirteen months siege arabs departed despite failure attempt capture constantinople celebrated later muslim literature surviving accounts semi fictional historical defeat transformed sort victory said departed symbolically entering byzantine capital horse accompanied thirty riders leo received honour led emperor paid homage arab general tales siege influenced similar episodes arabic epic literature appears associated legendary arab hero wars byzantium furthermore byzantine tradition recorded 10th century held siege convinced byzantines build constantinople mosque near city later ottoman tradition ascribed building mosque located outside constantinople proper erroneously dated probably confusing attack arab siege reality mosque near likely erected result arab embassy year governorship iraq failure dispatched iraq quell following death accession brother tasked suppression revolt ibn defeated killed august fell favour resented feared power governor interfering succession favoured brother son soon recalled post ostensibly failed deliver provinces tax haul damascus replaced ibn disappears sources emerges shortly death accession sent replace ibn initially active byzantine war delegated ibn winter led expedition culminated sack january capture major successes arab arms byzantines months later led northern summer expedition byzantine territory attention diverted attacks reached deep able drive recover control pass campaign difficult bloody troops reportedly engaged thirty days constant fighting miserable weather claimed victory battle expedition achieve results came close defeated certainly little stop attacks south resumed removed office year replaced recorded byzantine chronicler having responsible sack fortress late arab sources credit ibn act situation quickly deteriorated departure campaigned north swung attacked main base relieve city defeated killed army practically annihilated battle outside city december faced crisis appointed new governor armenia meantime veteran general ibn managed recover situation defeat army allegedly jealousy successes imprisoned ordered release large army disposal cleared provinces south advanced mountains couple settlements defeating pitched battle recovered strategic fortress occupied poisoning water supply reorganized military colony soldiers tenure evidently judged successful replaced march retired public life possibly extensive estates northern syria died december | Maslama ibn Abd al-Malik | Warfare | Military people | Military people (G –M) |
22487_ErichHartmann | april september nicknamed german comrades black devil soviet adversaries german fighter pilot world war successful fighter ace history aerial warfare flew combat missions participated aerial combat separate occasions claimed credited shooting allied aircraft soviet american serving luftwaffe course career forced crash land fighter times damage received parts enemy aircraft shot mechanical failure shot forced land enemy fire pre war pilot joined luftwaffe completed fighter pilot training posted eastern fortunate placed supervision luftwaffe experienced fighter pilots guidance steadily developed tactics earned mit und oak leaves swords diamonds august claiming aerial victories time presentation germany highest military decoration scored aerial victory midday hours war ended remainder surrendered united_states_army forces turned attempt pressure service soviet friendly east german tried fabricated charges war crimes convicted conviction posthumously russian court prosecution sentenced years hard labour spent years soviet prison camps released joined newly established west german luftwaffe resigned early largely opposition deployment luftwaffe resulting clashes superiors issue later years military career ended civilian flight instructor died natural causes september early life born april doctor wife economic depression followed world war germany prompted doctor find work china spent early childhood family forced return germany chinese civil war broke world war younger brother alfred joined luftwaffe serving gunner north_africa captured british spent years prisoner war educated april april gymnasium april april april april gymnasium april april received met wife flying career began joined training program fledgling luftwaffe taught fly mother female pilots germany owned light aircraft forced sell german economy collapsed rise power resulted government support helped set flying school year old instructor gained pilot license allowing fly powered aircraft entry luftwaffe began military training october 10th flying regiment march progressed berlin making flight instructor days later followed weeks solo flight completed basic flying training october began advanced flight training pre fighter school november learned combat techniques gunnery skills advanced pilot training completed january march august learned fly time pilot smoothly march gunnery training flight ignored regulations performed airfield punishment month period confinement quarters loss pay fines later recalled incident saved life week confined room actually saved life scheduled gunnery flight afternoon confined roommate took flight instead aircraft scheduled fly shortly took way gunnery range developed engine trouble crash land near railroad killed crash afterward practised adopted new passed young pilots fly head muscles gunnery practice session june hit target allotted rounds machine gun fire feat considered difficult achieve training qualified fly different types powered aircraft following graduation posted august east upper remained october world war october assigned fighter wing based eastern soviet_union wing equipped pilots initially given task flight ended brake failure causing crash destroy controller assigned iii led placed experienced flew experienced pilots days intensive mock practice flights conceded learn combat tactics talented pilot taught surprise attack tactic led decide attack break style aerial combat early aerial combat flew combat mission october encountered enemy aircraft obsessed idea scoring success opened throttle separated engaged enemy fighter failed score hits nearly collided instead ran cover low cloud mission subsequently ended crash landing aircraft ran fuel violated rule air air combat von sentenced days working ground crew days later claimed kill 7th guards ground attack aviation regiment end added victory tally high scoring aces took time establish consistently successful fighter pilot youthful appearance earned nickname form young boy german language ace assigned constantly urge hey closer shot soviet fighter retained control damaged aircraft july large took place shot seven enemy aircraft start august tally stood end month added enemy aircraft month appointed year operational service felt distinct lack respect soviet pilots soviet fighters proper pilots having draw hand early days incredible reason feel fear russian fighter later recalled hand painted couldn pull lead properly hit considered hurricane inferior provide soviets valuable technology german pilots learned tricks enemy oil freezing engines difficult start extreme cold russian winter captured soviet showed pouring fuel aircraft oil oil enable engine start try solution learned soviets fuel engine fighting techniques unlike expert art shooting master stalk ambush tactics account convinced pilots downed realise hit relied powerful engine high power sweeps quick approaches occasionally diving entire enemy formations advantage confusion followed order decorated british test pilot captain asked amassed air victories revealed believe main ground attack aircraft flew like formation didn attempt manoeuvres plane pilots women threat lucky hit didn open fire aircraft filled time favourite method attack hold fire extremely close short burst point blank range technique learned flying commander favoured approach technique opposed long range shooting allowed reveal position possible moment compensate low muzzle velocity slower firing later models victories claimed equipped high velocity cannon place shots accurately minimum waste ammunition prevent adversary taking actions firing close range ran risk having fly debris damaged exploding aircraft damaging fighter process damage sustained combat caused collision flying debris dangerous dog fight break content victory careful approach described motto decide attack reverse observe enemy decide proceed attack attack evaluate situation knight late august aerial victories august combat aircraft damaged debris forced land soviet lines given orders unit support dive bombers led famous pilot counter attack situation changed flight german fighters engaged mass soviet fighter aircraft protecting ground attack mission shot enemy aircraft fighter hit debris forced emergency landing accordance luftwaffe regulations attempted recover precision board clock soviet ground troops approached realising capture faked internal injuries acting convinced soviets placed truck crew chief heard happened took rifle went search waited right moment escape distraction attack attacked single guard jumped truck ran large field giant pursuing soldiers hid waited nightfall dark followed soviet patrol heading west approached german position challenged fired shot passed trousers september credited 100th aerial victory 54th luftwaffe pilot achieve century mark october claimed aerial victories october awarded point tally stood end year risen months claimed kills continued scoring greater pace spectacular rate kills raised claims double triple checked performance closely monitored observer flying formation march reached time soviet pilots familiar radio sign price german pilot head time black design engine near spinner aircraft soviet personnel consequently nicknamed black devil opponents reluctant stay fight noticed personal design result aircraft allocated fly relative safety march scored victory war adversely reluctance soviet airmen fight caused kill rate drop design removed aircraft painted like rest unit consequently following months amassed victories march summoned adolf hitler honoured swords receive train got drunk champagne supporting unable stand arrived major hitler luftwaffe adjutant shocked took german officer hat stand large von upset told hitler ordered romania engaged aircraft time defence flying cover attacked flight romania downing fell victim fellow pilots june shot single mission oil fields later month fifth combat american pilots shot forced bail ran fuel intense managed line close range heard fired run ammunition hanging parachute wondered opportunity kill flown broke away headed straight making camera pass record banked away moment waving went august scoring fighter ace surpassing fellow pilot victory diamonds knight cross august claimed victories combat missions ace day achievement bringing score victories passed mark august day shot aircraft combat missions representing greatest victories day ratio double ace day bringing number aerial victories unprecedented immediately grounded fearful effect german morale hero lost later successfully lobbied reinstated combat pilot german soldiers world war receive diamonds summoned adolf hitler military headquarters near receive award hitler personally arrival asked surrender arm security measure caused aftermath failed assassination attempt july refused threatened decline diamonds trusted carry pistol consulting hitler luftwaffe adjutant allowed arm accepted diamonds meeting hitler discussed length shortcomings fighter pilot training allegedly hitler revealed believed militarily war lost wished luftwaffe like diamonds knight cross earned day leave way vacation ordered general der attend meeting berlin wanted transfer test program requested transfer cancelled grounds deep attachment seeing merit request cancelled transfer jet squadron rescinded order taken combat operations ordered vacation resort fighter pilots september married long time teenage love witnesses wedding included friends combat missions february briefly led acting replaced march score standing aerial victories asked second time general adolf join units forming fly new jet fighter attended jet conversion program led intended fly declined offer preferring remain sources report decision stay unit request telegram claimed aerial victory april vicinity wartime photograph known taken connection victory end war general order fly british sector avoid capture soviet forces later explained war order general ordered fly british sector surrender avoid soviets rest wing surrender soviets leave men bad leadership kill occurred czechoslovakia day war europe early morning ordered fly reconnaissance mission report position soviet forces took spotted soviet units kilometres miles away passing area saw performing soviet columns determined party dove fighters point shot range lined second fighter noticed shiny dots coming west stand caught soviets americans fled low level smoke covered landed learned soviet forces artillery range airfield destroyed large quantities ammunition later recalled final violent action war destroyed aircraft munitions sat fighter fired guns woods fuel dropped jumped destroyed perfectly good fighters nice museums chose surrender unit members prisoner war capture handed pilots ground crew soviet_union imprisoned accordance agreements stated airmen soldiers fighting soviet forces surrender directly unit led americans large open air compound await transfer number prisoners grew living conditions deteriorated american guards turned blind eye escapes cases assisted providing food maps soon handed soviet armed forces experienced following thing russians separate german women girls men followed brutal rape soldiers greatly outnumbered americans tried intervene russians charged firing air threatening kill interfered continued night day russian general arrived immediately ordered cessation later russians violated order assaulted german girl asked identify lineup court martial guilty parties immediately hanged comrades point initially soviets tried convince cooperate asked spy fellow officers refused given days solitary confinement foot chamber slept concrete floor given bread water occasion soviets threatened kidnap murder wife death son kept similar knowledge struck soviet officer cane prompting slam chair head knocking expecting shot transferred small bunker ashamed war service opted hunger strike fold soviet called soviets allowed hunger strike days force feeding subtle efforts soviet authorities convert communism failed offered post east german air force refused home west normal contract offer business deal people sign day world like offer come work accordance contract try work kind resist dying war crimes charges captivity arrested december days later sentenced years prison june sentenced alleged member anti soviet group continuous failed attempts soviets break falsely charged war crimes specifically deliberate shooting soviet civilians village attacking bread factory destroying expensive soviet aircraft refused confess charges conducted defence presiding judge denounced waste time sentenced years hard labor refused work eventually solitary confinement enraged fellow prisoners began revolt guards freed complaint office asking representative moscow international inspection tribunal unlawful conviction refused transferred camp spent months solitary confinement eventually granted tribunal upheld original sentence subsequently sent camp time mother wrote new west german chancellor appealed secure freedom trade agreement west_germany soviet_union reached released german military personnel spending half years soviet camps batch prisoners turned returning west_germany reunited wife written day war january government acting legal successor soviet_union admitting conviction war crimes unlawful post war years luftwaffe returned west_germany military service officer west german air force luftwaffe commanded west_germany jet unit equipped initially later lockheed trips united_states trained equipment aircraft painted spreading black pattern eastern considered fundamentally flawed unsafe aircraft strongly opposed adoption luftwaffe events subsequently low opinion aircraft crashes german pilots killed non combat missions allegations bribes culminating lockheed scandal outspoken criticism proved unpopular superiors general successor general said good pilot good officer forced early retirement civilian life long imprisonment son born died year old father having seen later daughter born february military retirement worked flight instructor near flew team caught cold developed condition killed father age recovered medically cleared fly resumed instructing flying schools fearing second attack cautious limited appearances public events stated retired civilian like rest peace live exhibitions member der died september age summary career combat record flew combat missions world war resulting engagements claimed credited aerial victories allied aircraft russian historian attempted prove score near victories quoted having shot soviet aircraft heavily criticised aviation historians faulty research ring point missions tried use prove claims false false misleading information example claimed mission august claimed victories west single soviet aircraft lost german records single claim area victories recorded east kilometres away claimed reported shot roman romania false claimed single said mistakes work serve expose superficial nature confirm goal compiling article discredit record points article trial soviet charges destruction actual number soviet aircraft said proud fact lost combat number kills shot major joined unit spring bomber pilot fighters scoring fifth victory asked refused initially believing trained mission engaged called turn hard opposite sandwich red fighters standard rate bomber turn got hit saw thing ordered dive bail immediately intense relief saw leave aircraft parachute happy mad fly decorations luftwaffe gold pennant pilot observer badge gold diamonds august 2nd class december 1st class march luftwaffe der luftwaffe september pilot gold october iii knight oak leaves swords diamonds knight cross october pilot oak leaves march 75th swords july 18th diamonds august mentioned twice kept whereabouts secret captors time prisoner war claiming thrown away hiding place small stream managed hide knight cross double cigar box smuggled germany released captivity dates rank joined military service october station east prussia received military basic training luftwaffe recruit | Erich Hartmann | Warfare | Military people | Military people (G –M) |
22489_ArchieMcKellar | squadron leader april november flying ace royal_air_force raf second world war grew joined family business native scotland aged joined raf began pilot training completed training assigned city glasgow squadron raf auxiliary unit converted fighter experienced combat squadron monday october luftwaffe raid shipping combat sortie notable flown later day second sortie claimed second raf air air victory british skies saturday october involved raf air air victory mainland soil gained fame later squadron leader squadron raf equipped fighter auxiliary unit moved southern england participated large air battles combat career proved brief lasting year claimed victories half months life august november october shot ace day allied aces achieve feat time mission claimed aerial victories shared destroyed enemy aircraft included total air victories british pilot achieve feat ace day november day official end killed action took engaged formation german fighters possibly shot 22nd albeit uncredited final victory shot early life born scotland april son john educated leaving school joined local firm suit preferred open air life style keen leave unsure direction life joined father general contractor construction business spent years apprentice time given special privileges despite boss son keen fitness despite short stature built great physical strength enjoyed wine smoked occasional pipe cigar kept peak physical shape death height clean dressed spare time reading sport world war fighter pilots interest flying personalities past spurred flying joined expense founded leased managed airport second world war quickly acquired pilot licence time began military career experienced pilot soon began earning relatively quick promotions joining raf flying skills earned attention lord commanding officer squadron invited join soon commissioned raf pilot officer november joining city glasgow squadron raf comrades nicknamed shrimp owing short feet inches stature stayed squadron promoted based raf near squadron operated light bomber members squadron pilots ground staff completed service time basis evenings weekends annual week summer camp approach war squadron converted fighter role equipped outbreak war raf october month later charged defending edinburgh shipping area forth completing training deemed exceptional earned reputation good air air combat shooting rifle average shot trait shared successful pilots keen believed physical fitness critical attribute aerial combat fitness believed ensure mind body peak enable pilot react swiftly fluid battle situation considered capable leader combat aggressive fighting spirit inspiration squadron according biographer highly blunt members unit socially confident nature singled command dedication job fighter pilot leader led refuse leave squadron lasted led unit spent large proportion time squadron practising combat tactics intensely loyal considered friend attitude outside squadron utter dislike said tended black white second world war squadron hours monday october squadron section leader flight lieutenant intercepted reconnaissance lions isle fired rounds calibre machine guns enemy aircraft managed escape pilot officer flying unable effective firing position shots fired combat raf aircraft british isles action combat mission flown later day action time intercept bombers eagle attacked royal_navy warships forth near naval dockyard luftwaffe target day battlecruiser believed area fact german reconnaissance identified docked safely stage german bomber crews strict orders avoid bombing targets british civilian casualties spared available targets opportunity forth town class light cruisers plus warships including tribal class flight led began dive bombing attack ships hours british defences slow respond german attack managed engage aircraft attacked inflicted damage observing bombing runs aircraft whilst north forth bridge caught shared attack fired final burst knocking port engine eastwards forced ditch aircraft forth coming miles east coast survived action claimed lives crew members seventeen year old august nineteen bodies recovered accorded military honours raf played sea lament originally interred cemetery remains moved chase body observer recovered credited victory logged hours missing minutes downing enemy aircraft britain honour fallen flight lieutenant patrick brothers arms friendly rivals city edinburgh squadron shot hours action following october success commander chief blood area forth soon referred suicide alley luftwaffe pilots operating limit range far fighter cover saturday october flying officer patrol leading anti aircraft fire alerted presence forth section squadron led gave chase soon caught hit directed lined attack attempted flee south piloted code stab desperately tried evade faster fighters acting advice navigator commander sparse cloud cover available pursuit separated aircraft section cover quickly dispersed section closed kill enemy aircraft fire engines damaged air gunners killed wounded machine gun fire managed pilot stricken aircraft successfully crash land near village survived prisoners war debate continues day squadron pilot claim victory officially awarded share pilots enemy aircraft downed british soil raf squadron early county squadron moved converted hurricanes transferred promoted flight lieutenant assuming responsibilities flight leader june imposed strict discipline standard dress ground tactical discipline air despite strict methods held high regard popularity arose desire help mould unit disciplined fighting team august intercepted german raid mounted based norway credited destroyed encounter action awarded september reference outstanding leadership courage displayed september moved rotation command squadron leader scored victories single mission september attacked sun squadron save section left provide cover attack head break german bomber formation consisted large mass destroyed single second burst exploded damaged second rolled ground moved fire port wing snapped destroyed afternoon giving fourth success took squadron leader churchill september achieved victories september raids large formation leading fighting day christened led combat twice date claiming night hour past midnight september claimed shot medal bar followed cited excellent fighting spirit particularly brilliant led squadron skill resource october select pilots sit portraits october score rose victories ace day explained victories combat day combat report attacked number saw bomb dropped machine fired pieces fell wing dense white smoke came went violent outside spin mirror coming attack turned sharply right found opened fire saw explosive ammunition hitting machine burst flames went inverted east tail feet time appeared sky followed pulled boost control gave burst dead astern appeared hit dense white came cleared gave burst machine burst flames fell wood quarry near west thirteen days later october brought pilot fighter wing slightly wounded action managed force land near captured victory credited post war account official victory raf credited victory date death november claimed victories taking section included flight lieutenant meet flight equipped bombs section climbed high altitude meet enemy aircraft ensuing battle believed shot fighter wing captain hurricane crashed near kent claimed canterbury area november actions brought final award posthumously november cited outstanding courage determination leading squadron recognition came mention despatches december january sir secretary state air visited glasgow deliver eulogy long ago visited fighter squadron taking dark days battle island squadron lost leader air fight felt loss wounded combat withdrawn service found place taking air daring resolve proving leader leaders young come lift squadron dark hour carry fresh victories achievement spirit apparent squadron regarded greatest admiration affection officers forget impression saw died outside nominal dates july october listed roll honour raf chapel buried new cemetery glasgow list victories credited air victories shared destroyed probably destroyed damaged historians credit air victories probably destroyed damaged baker combat credit possible 22nd victory crashed area combat raf pilot claim credits victories acknowledges crashed november near victory prolific historian writer raf personnel credits victories period flew hurricane scored victories shared destroyed probable damaged august october earned distinction hurricane highest number kills later handed czech unit squadron raf january written accident april | Archie McKellar | Warfare | Military people | Military people (G –M) |
22521_TroyH.Middleton | lieutenant general october october distinguished educator senior officer united_states_army served corps commander world war later president best known decision hold battle contrary recommendation general commanding general enlisting assigned 29th infantry regiment worked clerk hoped pressed service playing football sport strongly endorsed army following years enlisted service transferred kansas given opportunity compete officer commission individuals commission selected including general officers new second lieutenant assigned 7th infantry regiment galveston texas soon pressed service responding events created mexican revolution spent seven months occupation duty mexican port city veracruz later assigned douglas arizona unit fighters entry united_states world war april assigned soon saw action battalion commander second battle months later following minor support roles unit led attack offensive regimental commander exceptional battlefield performance october promoted rank colonel youngest officer rank received service following world war served command retired army later acting vice president tenure difficulty key players helping university recover major scandal nearly million dollars recalled service early sicily battles italy march moved command leadership led capture important port city brest france success awarded second distinguished service medal general greatest world war achievement decision hold important city belgium battle following battle corps relentless push germany reaching czechoslovakia recognized general corps commander extraordinary abilities logged days combat world war american general officer retiring army returned appointed university presidency position held years continuing serve army numerous capacities resided louisiana death buried building alma mater library named family early life ancestry born near georgetown mississippi october son august kate thompson december september paternal grandfather served private american_civil_war maternal grandfather confederate soldier died hospital mississippi great great grandfather captain served georgia american revolutionary war son grandson extensive land interests maryland property near miles south present day future site home president george_washington paid expenses incurred fighting indians commissioned second lieutenant troop cavalry early life fifth children grew end 19th century acre plantation southeastern plantation virtually self contained community variety depending season favorites local plentiful fish catch loved hunt particularly gauge shotgun family episcopal heritage miles west georgetown church sunday morning education conducted small near oldest sister emily came home share knowledge different subjects family having exhausted educational opportunities available home father asked interested college education finding attractive proposition summer age fourteen mile train trip begin studies later young age required complete year preparatory school enrolled year program essence final year high school living dormitory following students college students treated like cadets military academy marching meals beginning day week day cleanup study time morning march breakfast usually short chapel classes broken lunch athletics dinner study followed playing lights particularly military atmosphere settled routine year passed quickly highlight preparatory year came february brought band attracting people state packing seat mess hall train band stop held hour concert extended repeated calls student corps organized battalion size cadets freshman year began cadet corporal junior year appointed cadet senior cadet rank lieutenant colonel student commander cadets organized battalions working military officer charge cadets took additional responsibilities paid month involved numerous activities college days took leadership roles vice president president school photographed occasion beloved shot gun allowed dormitory room use hunting weekends campus activities fill schedule president junior class senior year commandant select club restricted seniors good social academic military standing favorite activities baseball football played sports college early tenure season baseball failed chemistry course spent classroom laboratory instead athletic fields playing baseball football games gave students chance leave campus took train play teams state region games played suitable field found football games played jackson graduated bachelor degree spring hoping appointment west point opportunity presented age young examination army commission taking advice army officer decided enlist united_states_army early service enlisted service march enlisted 29th fort porter buffalo new_york work company clerk private earned month paid gold scarce paid silver private tired desk work quickly asked soldier happen fort porter talents football player known pressed duty quarterback local team played civilian teams buffalo area army teams fort near years play lot football sport strongly endorsed army getting commission officer returned unit served enlisted member exception talents quarterback felt football provided finest training received army said met good football player wasn good soldier officer commission months serving army got promotion corporal promotions came slowly occurred position vacated getting promoted retiring shortly promotion june corporal transferred kansas chance compete army commission attended intensive training course prepare written examination required second lieutenant commission civilians enlisted men took exam passed commissioned score middle passing scores passing college graduates coming schools harvard yale stanford including general officers addition taking written exam applicants horse riding test having grown riding horses family plantation scored exam officer charge thought want cavalry wanted infantry leaving officer stunned skills consider spending time walking instead riding fine horse having passed exam recommended commission president november wasn new president sworn following march new congress convened successful candidates confirmed senate appointment dated november interim period transferred fort galveston texas arrived early fort deployment mexico february reported second lieutenant commission assigned 7th infantry regiment large united_states_army rotating response trouble mexico mexico president overthrown reform leader beginning mexican revolution nearly decade supported general putting series revolts following year assassinated general seized power countries recognized government president hoped return mexico constitutional government backing troops fort went waiting mode preparing president action support american interests april waiting military units ended american troops command brigadier general sent mexico navy taken port city veracruz ordered occupation city landing party went unopposed settled occupation duty shot fired spent total seven months mexico returned home galveston november marriage arriving fort adapted garrison life engaging galveston social scene attending saturday night dances town dance navy lieutenant introduce later wife attended georgetown texas debut galveston society following death father come live aunt uncle heart galveston merchant drove touring car people town rode wagons met soon regular visitor house calling following seven months mexico return galveston brought special anticipation proposed earlier time renewed proposal return couple married january allowed new_orleans days later members unit anniversary served century earlier week new_orleans couple returned galveston invited house given large upstairs room fort bliss galveston second major hurricane hit texas coastline mid august army units scattered safe locations away storm path units remaining secure buildings downtown galveston chose ride storm house following storm cleanup october ordered fort bliss texas events mexico command brigadier general highly capable officer ranks promoted captain brigadier general exceptional service philippine american war time supported united_states felt betrayed americans backed january villa followers known attacked train killed american businessmen aboard months later villa men crossed border united_states attacked town columbus new_mexico killing additional americans following attacks took forces mexico pursue preceding events sent douglas arizona perform border security squad men fired unsuccessfully attacked mexican village border douglas men hit killed returned late december preparation war hunt ended unsuccessfully americans war raging europe following months mexico called begin preparing troops larger conflict april president wilson requested congress declare war month assigned national park continue training promoted lieutenant july little half years second lieutenant pending war promotions frequent year promoted captain preparation buildup strength army train large officers june assigned virginia outside washington adjutant reserve officer training camp camps organized civilians turn officers ninety days adjutant responsible directing flow officer candidates november camp graduated class officers requested join combat division request granted december reported near charlotte north_carolina days later received new orders commander reserve officer training camp texas reported ordered stayed mission complete april technically loan request rejoin unit granted soon way france world war believing camp wired find unit way overseas caught train new_york arrived april found division camp mills long_island living tents awaiting transport given command battalion departed new_york regiment aboard princess convoy fourteen ships days france fleet destroyers met convoy escorted port city brest arrived division organized days subsequently loading troop train arrive assignment reserve unit british south americans gave springfield rifles british available ammunition germans began offensive north paris 4th trains sent miles west 4th reserve unit badly battered 42nd division late july promoted moved battalion support 42nd division ensuing operation called second battle days heavy fighting took place fresh month rest veteran germans fought determination americans able push miles considerable cost americans casualties relieved sent saint area undertake small support role major given task directing unit transport complicated requirement night equipment personnel drawn horse unit moved hundreds thousands french germans casualties earlier war major engagement world war promoted lieutenant colonel september shortly commencement operation called offensive time war assigned miles wide seasoned french divisions miles lieutenant colonel battalion led attack americans september day covered miles breaking german defenses entire 47th infantry regiment hold gains second command charge battalion assigned regiment staff position weeks october given command 39th infantry regiment commander regimental staff casualties following gas attack clock morning find way 39th headquarters prepare battle shortly led new regiment enemy held territory tactic called marching fire troops constantly fired weapons moving mile heavy woods compelled dug concealed germans surrender allowed edge days taking command 39th days ninth birthday promoted colonel youngest officer attain rank received exceptional battlefield performance october withdrawn battle line days continuous contact enemy longest period combat american division war given command regiment 47th early november 4th division relieved african american regiment near preparing chase german defenders lead attack attack november received confidential news armistice imminent following morning messenger brought word firing celebration ranks work soon assigned germany occupying force occupation germany late november began road march miles french city german city final destination town miles west road trip took days moving rain ended driving december march broke character rode horse day surveying troops occasionally talk formation marched minutes hour rested hour lunch regiment dispersed villages area colonel stayed large home owners continued live stay 47th continued training building rifle range running combat problems practicing lessons learned recent combat operations early march nearly months 47th ordered area rhine morning breakfast aide colonel come day inform regiment new orders 47th regiment given mission guarding bridge years later 47th guard bridge world war regiment remained given orders return home mid summer departure europe summoned report army chief staff informed senior officers assigned camp georgia form faculty established sailed brest mid july met wife new_york traveled columbus georgia way washington atlanta military schools years following world war instructor student succession military schools army officers attend careers arrived columbus georgia strong praise superiors soon efficiency report brigadier general wrote best officer seen rapid promotion captain july colonel october good grade gets better results quiet way officer met wonderful grasp situations fine sense proportion world war branches army specialty schools infantry situation amended change new faculty member miles columbus rank reverted permanent rank captain following war instructor new school years member set research weapons tactics jobs board evaluate new weapons equipment point tested new rifle eventually rifle standard weapon infantry world war month class new infantry school began september students taken curriculum weapons tactics captain youngest faculty member school staff ideal instructor fresh experiences recent war years instructor promotion major july prevailed commanders allowed advanced infantry course student month course included instruction combined arms tactical principles decisions military history economics ended written thesis junior members class finished class following advanced course spent summer senior instructor reserve officer training camp fort logan colorado returned camp year member years ready expressing wishes senior officer assigned summer place years earlier prepare officer commission command youngest majors army found officers years senior army command kansas students attended month school qualify higher commands met classmate friends predicted completing course finishes nearly students prediction came true finished 14th class finished 8th exceptional class performance half dozen graduates invited stay years instructor school second year teaching command students come office sit corner desk pump information knowing commanded regiment combat france asked practical questions motivated finished class nearly officer commanded division europe world war attended command tenure point time world war corps commander europe student final year received orders attend year highest level professional military education fulfilling spent time school library wrote staff memorandum equivalent thesis subject army transportation recalling personal experience horses france recommended transport significantly replace army use livestock commandant school commended work exceptional merit sent ideas highest levels late career having spent previous years army schools major requested return camp wife friends request approved assigned battalion commander 29th infantry regiment unit enlisted nineteen years earlier fort porter year told assigned changed new requirement career officers brought attention officers expected assignment civilian component army national_guard reserves reserve officer training corps option appealed wanted work school south opening soon headed duty july stopped new headquarters fort atlanta drove west family louisiana family home years major commandant cadets professor military science headquarters learned predecessor louisiana governor told stories governor curious day arriving town meeting turned somewhat awkward major began friendship men governor long loved loved cadet corps mentioned cadet band dozen members tag governor saw band grow members governor long enjoyed fanfare negotiate special cadets band transported athletic events region governor dealings transformed rate school largest university south tenure presidency university changed hands president president governor long end fourth year campus president smith asked stay additional year responded accept cleared smith request extension approved end fifth year smith went step suggesting retire army permanent member staff consider retirement accepted sixth year program began sixth year campus promoted lieutenant colonel early final year campus pressed university president retire army work college began looking suitable follow assignment having overseas sixteen years request duty philippines finished tenure summer having overseen increase students completing program cadets philippines retirement august drive new_york_city boarded ship philippines trip took days included passage panama canal stops panama san_francisco hawaii guam arrived hawaii greeted wife duty honolulu sailed boat san_diego hawaii later sailed states end tour assigned assistant inspector general army headquarters manila listened complaints travelled army installations including fort william months philippine tour received telegram president smith offer job dean administration salary year hospital undergoing testing heart telegram arrived showed lieutenant visiting said offer salary excellent lieutenant colonel said stay army spent years panama aide general knew terms treaty versailles ignored adolf_hitler nazis certain war coming soon reasoned time officer combat experience getting army junior lieutenant colonel prospect general officer remote giving matter thought ultimately decided retire army decision wired president smith advising ready civilian accept university post left philippines making long trip united_states stopped hong_kong japan china route san_francisco lieutenant colonel officially retired army october began service tenure year new job administrative dean went smoothly new house built highland road near campus oil field discovered property bringing royalties pay property times university enrollment began climb football team finished outstanding seasons coach winning regular season games photographed breaking ground new faculty club year campus grew areas running june campus given shock years recover new_orleans newspaper ran photo page showing truck unloading building materials suburban new_orleans revealing illegal operation ensuing investigation led discovery president smith nearly million dollars university money cover losses chicago wheat market smith stood trial sent superintendent grounds buildings involved scandal served time atlanta tax state governor resigned soon found guilty federal charges sent atlanta serve time met special session end june directed business management university school finances state chaos effort time dig mess dean acting president acting vice president chose accounting professors work new_york firm hired come establish sound business procedures revelation illegal activities expenditures routinely cash basis university funding program money thrown single account university bond violated new leadership advertise louisiana newspapers find owed money year dealing situation required hour days days week process required overtime year faculty staff members accustomed making purchases bids purchase orders knowledge budget educated accepted business procedures rest world operated helping recover traumatic ordeal keeping eye events europe july wrote letter general asking services needed army united_states making preparations war marshall replied army like uniform army place training role effectively use battle experience stayed describing days long days want year found work association satisfying rewarding felt period time able greatest contribution institution good past world war dove hunting son friend sunday morning december having successful morning trio decided break lunch come bag limits afternoon arrived home mid day meal greeted news attack pearl harbor end dove hunting began plans day reported president announcing intention offer services sent telegram announcing availability service day received reply report active duty lieutenant colonel january allowing time affairs order having returned active military duty assigned training regiment camp georgia quickly promoted colonel february oversaw combat training thousands recruits months given rapid succession assignments including camp gordon georgia camp florida called washington given assignment staff officer london rapidly changed subsequently called met classmate command brigadier general told assigned fifth fort massachusetts returning florida early june pick personal effects received orders fort word promoted brigadier general mid june reported fifth known division consisting troops oklahoma including colorado arizona new_mexico commanding general fifth suspected going replaced combat experience informed late summer happened given command division promotion major general summer 45th training massachusetts command winter training pine camp new_york temperature degrees zero snow drifted head high soldier division cartoon showing kitchen frozen column descended garbage outside later famous cartoons world war won pulitzer prizes work february training moved virginia mountain training ship shore training norfolk virginia maryland early april division camp sent north_africa staff begin planning ensuing military operation went headquarters commander general morocco stayed nearly month command sicily landings summer 45th combat loaded division coming united_states division scheduled sail norfolk june left complete planning landing hostile shore time reporting headquarters general algeria operation bradley subordinate british overall direction time division arrived algeria planning complete unit able run rehearsal western algeria embarking sicily sicily fifth division turn subordinate overall command invasion called british general sir british forces organized commanded general fifth division consisted infantry regiments numerous elements fighting alongside fifth division numerous support units attached fifth departed july little attention paid fact independence day day trip sicily smooth turned fairly rough prevalent troops weather troop ships near town western sicily south coast july landing craft filled craft approached shoreline navy opened volley preparatory fire primary mission fifth capture airfields needed allied aircraft miles shore captured day american planes day took days division capture miles inland objective fifth fight german italian forces route north coast sicily plan use highway sicily major highways highway originally american sector montgomery word change boundaries given word eventually came alexander boundaries changed meant fifth reached highway frozen place opportunity advance willing sit remainder battle moved division right left traveling ninety miles way areas american divisions position march north july elements fifth reached north coast island miles east termini taking thirteen days south coast north coast division moved east coast reaching objective santo july stormed germans fought forcing german rear guard area following morning end active fighting fifth sicily division endured casualties taking nearly prisoners moved replace fifth upcoming invasion italian mainland recalling events sicily biography noted strain relationship general comfortable humor felt cartoons published division newspaper consistently defended verbally ordered rid cartoons told order writing issue dropped soon worry soldiers suspected hospitals incidents brought general public condemnation loss command italian mainland month august rest planning seven plans invasion italy table adopted british operation americans called major general commanded lieutenant general plan called landing allied forces vicinity italy miles north sicily allied landings beach occurred september regiments landing following day regiment division land different point held reserve general clark responsible miles german defensive positions allies gained little ground days operation clark commander sent confidential memo indicating contemplating taking troops beaches telling staff leaving spread word troops good time hard fighting morning september units fifth particularly hard fighting large tobacco factory consisting imposing stone buildings somewhat circular pattern germans dug repulsed americans initially aid naval gun fire germans eventually pushed lieutenant general clark visited later day convinced army going stay general supreme allied commander mediterranean visited september observing battle won following day germans pulled area fifth able advance meeting resistance division far right working center italian boot adjacent montgomery responsible eastern half boot september division taken heavy fighting october taken october division corps reserve following weeks action german resistance elements secured town november fighting came large pause allied planners studied action fighting onset autumn rains coupled endless hills deepening mud left knee uncomfortable year hurt right knee years earlier playing football immediate explanation pain left leg studied leg answers late november went hospital naples staying december adequate diagnosis able staff work flew general headquarters north_africa stayed mid january sent united_states communicated marshall army chief staff needed overseas acknowledging difficulty knees said don damn knees want head heart battle litter generals came plan sent army installations tennessee colorado washington brief visit family taking command england sent locations confuse enemy personnel change accompanying sergeant physical civilian life knees twice day year asked staff needed replied staff place aide like old served sicily italy arrived united_kingdom december commanded known years able commander lack combat experience resulted replaced later command division european fighting stop europe assuming command friend commander asked views making commander army thought good idea able fighter agreed concerned army things said press following given command army headquartered north london preparation invasion normandy headquarters town miles birmingham miles northwest london order germans moved headquarters miles north near liverpool appear corps east landing near france ruse effective keeping germans compelling split forces multiple locations french coast instead concentrating forces probable landing point fell army trained england march late weeks invasion corps pulled army placed army army responsible day landings normandy allies established shore bring shortly invasion took corps southampton awaited channel crossing time operation cobra sat southampton day june june began crossing english channel corps lost crossing half headquarters complement members sunken rejoin corps days later entire corps ashore june near cleared beach day point divisions included airborne major general performed soon left corps brittany corps entirely different complement divisions took port city began moving south german forces middle germans high ground fighting complicated countryside series farmers fields forming unit separated walls earth feet high supporting dense trees german defenders advantage americans tanks tip expose thin armor attempted cross barriers mid july field devices developed equip tanks penetrate restore battlefield mobility specially equipped tanks referred tank breaking able roll miles seven days remainder bradley army remained phase fight break peninsula occurred army join fight operation began july american air commanders asked lay carpet bombs germans advancing ground forces poor weather curtailed operation day thousand bombing missions carried following day lieutenant general chief came headquarters witness bombing warned stay corps headquarters away far members party killed got caught stick allied bombs troops killed wounded friendly fire incident bombs fell short intended target despite bombing effective reducing german resistance days able south coast july seized town gateway brittany southern normandy command secured bridges broke brittany brought planned command change noon moved command 12th army group took army army activated group army falling general following breakout found uncomfortable situation allies position pursue germans cautious command infantry divisions armored divisions corps understand moving armor quickly pursuit early august wrote diary dumb don know matter despite wealth battlefield experience years military schooling limited experience conducting pursuit operations bit overwhelmed ultimately allowed armored divisions autonomy operations infantry clean pockets resistance route brest estimates enemy strength turned accurate provided ultimately acknowledged value corps commander presenting distinguished service medal seven weeks calling dumb diary breakout followed brittany coast westward route brest port arrival departure europe world war corps passed turned division town resulting capture germans directed corps major general brest cleaning fell august grow arrived outside brest august met stiff resistance city housing important german submarine extensive machine facilities defended elite german divisions powerful millimeter guns capable destroying armor 6th armored division siege brest required infantry arrived armored division released operations joining siege 8th division commanded 29th division national_guard unit virginia commanded cavalry group ranger battalions commanded colonel later president city organized defense units went capturing defense city german carried dialog siege sent map showing american prisoners held city placed map number red crosses allies knew good bombing targets located ammunition depots wrote telling remove red crosses terms geneva convention ignored reminded allies superior artillery air power battle brest intense destructive weeks constant day night attacks units forced germans positions september sent letter offering opportunity stop surrender city humane reasonable way terms surrender spelled letter reply simply decline proposal unhappy response directed soldiers enter renewed apart job finished week later september germans surrendered staff days combat formal ceremony gave city mayor general arrived pin distinguished service medal oak leaf cluster outstanding conduct campaign brittany resulting capture brest americans captured germans evacuated wounded far exceeding estimate germans given operation captured troops 8th division asked deputy division commander credentials american general pointed rifles carried soldiers told credentials appeared formal surrender clean irish plenty reporters photographers documenting occasion commented english felt like film star soon sent prisoner war camp clinton mississippi miles born raised war spent time prison camp england sent france tried soon released following total years went germany entered concrete business continuing correspondence years following war western france hands allies late september trip east france stopping route visit served distinction great war germans line west france east belgian cities antwerp allies supply lines slow advance resupply assigned mile half belonged 2nd division half 8th division extended german belgian border central october division brought control miles added responsibility corps new added lineup october corps reserve october november divisions ran deception maneuvers confuse germans thoroughly familiar terrain able absorb heavy thrust enemy attacked mid november early december prepared infantry divisions replaced battle weary divisions green division 28th infantry division old division world war taken heavy losses normal strength entering lineup combat experience officers men corps weary mile facing veteran german troops moving position cover darkness battle striking saturday december germans achieved total surprise breaking allied lines beginning commonly called battle germans launched great attack region command campaign goal separate american forces british canadian forces important port city antwerp late afternoon germans divisions operating number swell estimated divisions tanks aircraft located exposed positions corps line 28th division took attack headquartered awakened guard hear guns day able hold position additional german units poured night german river area known division commander major general called concerned regiments east river conversation interrupted resumed end conversation told aide given approval regiments pull west river jones hand convinced directed units stay convinced based written order earlier day received result occur regiments ultimately surrounded men captured december 28th division regiments survived german onslaught intact commanded colonel directly path massive advance december fuller lone regiment german divisions fuller command post attacked escape thwarted taken prisoner heard april released shattered resistance given units greatly slowed german city belgium hub major roads prime target germans seeing capture necessary advance continuous communication bradley 12th headquarters maintained soon surrounded held germans advanced bradley army commander recognized threat headquarters supposed leave december spent night brief relief force division acting commander brigadier general ahead schedule colonel 10th armored division combat command sent welcome guest arriving later evening major general commander route headquarters advised stay night avoid capture germans guests slept elements poured night following day having conferred length previous evening left daylight december set headquarters school building miles southwest days defended elements corps artillery assets able supply units scattered towns surrounding bore attacks second division point december units wanted fall concurred calling approval response hold falling units ordered stay december moved army army surrounded germans adequate weather supplies running low december germans felt position strong send note advising americans surrender city attacked afternoon famous reply nuts sent german commander germans renew attack afternoon muted falling snow stiff american response morning december eighth day fighting day sun emerged thick fog clouds beginning battle able send aircraft day dropping pounds critically needed supplies including artillery rounds delivered morning germans afternoon days germans countered responses americans late afternoon december elements long awaited arrived breaking siege city hitler demanded taken divisions fight germans able break siege broken additional elements coming stipulated priority wounded troops area hospitals despite small opening city clear december germans throwing principal effort response renewed german thrust released new divisions december infantry 11th armored units joined corps lineup time new offensive december shrink created allied line americans began attack morning coincidentally exact time germans general der lieutenant general equivalent scheduled attack difficulty meeting objectives reasons related strength germans division fought snow deepening cold january new 17th relieved 11th armored division corps stretched crude mile line west continuing hold city weeks corps moved steadily north heavy desperate fighting january met units army pushing south following days combined force pushed germans eastward river returning allied line original position december battle began eliminating created allied line december push germany victory restored previous boundary bradley summoned army corps commanders headquarters wanted advance rhine army stay army reached river reluctant hold place questioned bradley explained available ammunition reinforcements army armies simultaneously supplied reluctantly accepted bradley explanation meeting called corps commanders asked ease forward capture walker commanders agreed days reached objectives asked corps way reached river units army arrived took divisions away operation river leaving corps units artillery single division infantry asked laugh army commander pressed let try commander approval able city defenders german troops rhine wanting trapped rhine rivers captured mid march assigned mile upstream southeast famous landmark gave river crossing chose cross river near river narrow swift flanked steep terrain laugh knew little german resistance able entire night bridge place early morning initially attempted cross met resistance compelling upstream closer crossing went smoothly days divisions rhine late march advanced eastward came concentration camp discovering evidence called come look joined diary described place sights seen nazi concentration camp discovered united_states_army marshall delegation congress witness communicate took place later officials town come witness going midst denied knowing happening mayor wife committed suicide night continued eastward advance month april ordered stop border corps contact russians immediate problem dealing prisoners war americans overwhelmed number germans wanting surrender despite orders prisoners thousands germans filtered lines night desperately trying avoid capture russians week april russian cavalry unit contact leaders americans russians exchanged russians extremely reluctant allow americans russian line american lunch guests taken route russian held territory april wrote recommendation citing outstanding tactical skill determination magnificent resistance attack energy war europe disposition units decided higher command remain occupation forces europe return united_states sent pacific theater fight japanese germans formally surrendered american sector days later issued general order number soldiers army past present accomplishments wrote letter bradley requesting released active duty combat services longer needed asked return august paid bradley writing men accomplished war available guide future army feel future safe hands commander combat away home days departing january logged days combat time american general officer world war near end groups general officers officers enlisted men sent major cities united_states appear group headed went atlanta son reunited wife daughter son lieutenant europe treated reception held mayor atlanta family flew took days leave went meet general marshall marshall told return germany corps wait home unit returned states opting marshall told japan atomic bomb dropped hiroshima went washington time marshall told doubted units sent pacific asked wanted stay army reply retired intended returned retired status longer needed combat commander return late august returned reported president requesting old job europe busy getting troops returned states end pipeline getting things ready thousands soldiers going school swollen new students priorities housing new students married keen insights military able find variety types excess housing units military longer needed able provide students faculty adequate housing small cost military advisory roles retired military soon called serve variety advisory capacities april appointed set investigate officer enlisted men relationships headed general board number recommendations significant ones allow non commissioned officers establish clubs recommendation supported years later asked serve look military naval proposed working months recommendations stressed liberal education recommended accepted asked speak military groups occasion commissioning exercises fort late called come review curriculum offered cadets called related work spring got general army chief staff asking assignment behalf army compelled yes allegations wholesale honor code violations west_point serve committee oversee proceedings recommendations personally painful committee recommendation dismiss cadets cheating including members football team headline new_orleans newspaper summarized event army football team severely illegal passing drastic undertaking committee recommended tests given different groups different days practice offered cadets big cheat pleasant assignment selected task reputation attended west_point asked serve academy position held year term university presidency president resigned position february ill health search went new president asked considered job declined content job following search brought thought good qualities work working board members found annoying respected faculty continued run ins board members december differences board resulted resignation asked board hold special meeting december act resignation following meeting members board came office told board elected president university board desire accept pressed quick decision feeling confident fulfill job accepted position backlash resignation students members community criticized board resignation effective february day began role university president years president marked tremendous growth resulting battles funding priorities major projects considered new library enclosure football stadium new auditorium addition medical school new_orleans priorities library head list stadium hand gave priority stadium february voted accept bid project stadium expansion approved agreed priority new library september year state legislature given funds asked previous request higher staff salaries including million dollars new library built hill memorial library central campus projections indicated student enrollment nearly double years response university entered ambitious building program date university president constantly involved personnel decisions making national news ordeal occurred february decided time head football coach relieved following break record seven years successor year old assistant coach rough beginning losing seasons calls removal supported fourth season coach undefeated season won sugar bowl declared national champions issue facing southern schools like white favor segregation university president responsibility uphold laws state nation intention april wrote report entitled segregation outlined history enrollment blacks showed resistant university undertaking avid declared federal laws fulfilled practical minds extreme expense having create duplicate facilities area advanced education process integration begun slow pace accelerated reached university mandatory retirement age adopted resolution age requirement allow stay president end school year declared essential university reluctantly agreed stay additional year long year february officially retired weeks earlier 11th january declared day louisiana governor classes suspended honor guard formed secretary came address given honorary degree doctor laws retirement death little years old retired president emeritus maintained office campus building went office wednesday morning staff secretary handled large number letters response mail years retirement governor came office hoping accept job commission forming governor wanting ease state growing racial tensions creating commission composed blacks whites governor needed chairman command tremendous respect choice said year beginning happened past year stretched wasn commission reached goals disbanded freed duty black counterpart commission president new_orleans directors chosen head staff responsibilities white attorney black attorney potential trouble spots commission able positive effect included towns commission helped open ranks qualified blacks commission disbanded having effectively served purpose members received letter thanks governor january authorized agreed serve time refused pressure governor chairman years felt council justified merging redundant facilities projects money served role years old served number capacities continued hunt fish enjoying growing family died october days birthday wife died march aged interred sharing tall granite marker non standard markers cemetery legacy year retirement declared alumnus year joining company earlier designate september awarded bronze plaque honoring year accomplishments racial peace keeping responsibilities march dedicated housed foot room university library collection included pictures letters awards plaques uniform riding boots numerous artifacts documents room maintained space given priorities items moved university archives old hill memorial library campus november officially named library library years building dedicated street named honor general air_force building named honor interviewed biographer united_states president student instructor moral courage common sense took advantage experiences know like saying attributed napoleon genius war man sensible thing average thing everybody crazy impressed complete command situation think best intelligent dedicated loyal acted according old job seriously war gone certainly led army bringing people dates rank ancestry houston | Troy H. Middleton | Warfare | Military people | Military people (G –M) |
22840_DwightJohns | brigadier general november american soldier general half 20th century best known service world war headed advance base track campaign later commanded advance base war headed responsible number important flood control irrigation projects education early life born illinois entered west_point illinois graduated sixth class commissioned second lieutenant june world war initially served instructor july posted mexican border served november february 8th engineers returned texas promoted captain major commanded 8th engineers april august returning august instructor drawing august december tactics november december december instructor mathematics wars like officers aftermath world war reduced rank substantive rank captain august promoted major february june entered graduated june degree civil engineering assistant posted 11th engineers based panama canal zone returned united_states appointment student command graduating minnesota july promoted lieutenant colonel attended instructor command world war commanding officer 21st engineers 21st engineers assigned task investigating techniques rapid construction air bases involved development number new construction techniques notably use expertise construction led sent chief engineer java departing washington air january arrived days later mission provide airfield facilities java aircraft tapping vast resources labour available world densely populated regions set required airfields java captured japanese aircraft arrived reached australia february chief engineer australia rank brigadier general represented army body controlling coordinating construction activities australia arrival australia general brigadier general accompanied philippines chief engineer general headquarters earlier class west_point remained chief engineers chief staff track campaign logistical difficulties general sir agreed establish logistical activities designated commander advance base new_guinea october given australian deputy officer australian american logistical units placed chose exercise command australian units built organization radical departure australian_army considered normal administrative procedure adequately meet novel demands campaign country lacking roads railways transport sea air administrative base areas coincided operational areas later wrote responsibility authority maximum means available commander authority approval local commanders means available assist meeting service problem directive provided local commander called lay authority impressed australian officers sensitive handling inter allied issues operative nature ability job lieutenant general came regard close friend later described born operators important decisions involved construction new deep water berth liberty ships island involved building causeway island project double capacity port port order build divert african american engineers work airfields port raising fears airmen like airfields ready weather operations time rainy season arrived rains late october close airfields causeway opened october wharf accepted ship november relinquished roles resumed post march replaced brigadier general turn replaced october responsible logistical activities major base december coordinator destined new hub activity enormous work required base ready action service new_guinea awarded commandant wartime responsible training officers engineers civilian life trained officers officers transferred arms given training engineering subjects prepared enlisted men commissioning officers strong criticism content training courses norm machinery operated clock engineer officers supervise manner construction tasks commanders felt training courses taught concentrating leadership combat technical matters operation maintenance construction equipment reformed curriculum time late changes effect overseas theaters operations work awarded legion merit later life assistant chief engineers military operations june march reverted permanent rank colonel march june commander based san_francisco responsible southern half pacific_coast involved number important construction projects including sacramento deep water ship channel pine flat lake river projects retired army brigadier general december retirement awarded gold medal society american military engineers served president maintained wartime friendships wife entertained australian general sir home los_angeles died november | Dwight Johns | Warfare | Military people | Military people (G –M) |
22858_IreneMorales | april august chilean soldier served war pacific born lived poverty life working early age time war pacific began years old orphaned twice widowed second husband executed military killing soldier tried pass man enlist soldier failed given position unofficial military nurse marching alongside sell food drink caring wounded battles despite given role fought alongside men unit battles late san_francisco battles care wounded men drew attention chilean commander chief provided official recognition rank sergeant continued serve army duration war famously courageous battle war returned civilian life died obscurity aged considered chile greatest heroes war service widely known death early life born april daughter carpenter father died young moved mother started learn mother trade mother married older man age husband died year marriage mother died time left family headed port town mines area travelled passenger ticket bought selling nearly possessions working met chilean living military band married aged tried executed september year killing soldier drunken brawl found body dumped railway tracks took gold ring finger wore rest life execution widely protested chilean population resented seen government military service february chilean forces entered welcome local population beginning war pacific peru locals enlisted enlisted soldier avenge husband man slipping unnoticed amid patriotism deception long saw disguise immediately curved figure feminine beauty said nonetheless allowed army nurse positions available women army time women effectively served sold food drink supplement soldiers basic rations staying camp marching operations nurse present immediately battles care wounded sent unit chile campaigns war officially soldier supposed participate combat deter fighting alongside men regiment noted great skill rifle fought amphibious landing fierce ensuing assault position november battle san francisco november looked men unit nursing wounded battles risk times save captured soldiers abused hearing deeds commander chief chile military general summoned meet officially authorised wear uniform gave rank pay sergeant lit second sergeant later moved served battle continued provide water exhausted men lines received slight wound soldiers enter city evening soldiers cavalry regiment recalled riding town horse raising rifle passed crying chile battle stricken time illness picked prisoners war cared wrote letter friend assuming deathbed nonetheless later writers said present battle weeks later ordered mass killing captured account inscribed memorial dead january fought battle battle entered city captured contemporaries chile recognised heroism common soldiers served looked nun charity men said gone far woman taking rifle praised dedication bravery hatred killed husband gave free advice risk return quietly poor home restart life real woman manual labor caring relatives work needle exchange years adventures revolver honored beloved machine follow advice remained army end war fighting july battle war men like right unusual risk woman time chilean killed captured war later life legacy end war returned birthplace knew actions war men served alongside remembered appeared unveiling monument common chilean plaza received enthusiastic applause years illness died common room hospital august aged widespread recognition came death august years death col wrote article dedicated brought attention praised highest terms saying chile glorious time exceeded chilean women years death number poems written including featured works patriotic literature street near plaza named honour turbulent years 1970s historical chilean women embraced symbols conservative left wing women political organisations modern times described chile greatest heroes war pacific remains kept general maintained compared chilean earlier war confederation praised courage came | Irene Morales | Warfare | Military people | Military people (G –M) |
23026_ReinhardHeydrich | german march june high ranking german nazi official world war main architects holocaust und general der leader chief police chief including deputy acting protector czech_republic served president later known chaired january conference plans genocide jews german occupied europe historians regard figure nazi elite adolf_hitler described man iron heart founding head intelligence organisation charged seeking resistance arrests murders helped organise series attacks jews nazi_germany parts austria november attacks carried civilians holocaust arrival prague sought eliminate opposition nazi occupation suppressing czech culture executing members czech resistance directly responsible special task forces travelled wake german armies murdered million people including million jews mass shooting attacked prague british trained team czech soldiers sent government exile kill operation died injuries week later intelligence falsely linked assassins villages razed ground men boys age shot handful women children deported killed nazi concentration camps early life born der composer opera singer wife mother roman catholic patriotic musical tributes referred tragic hero father opera stems und late maternal grandfather professor director born family social standing substantial financial means music everyday life father founded music theatre teaching mother taught piano developed passion violin carried interest adulthood impressed listeners musical talent father german nationalist patriotic ideas children affiliated political party world war household strict youth engaged younger brother mock fencing intelligent excelled especially science talented athlete expert swimmer shy insecure frequently bullied high pitched voice rumoured jewish ancestry claim earned nickname moses world war ended germany defeat late february civil unrest including strikes clashes communist anti communist groups took place home town defence minister right wing paramilitary unit formed ordered recapture years old joined unit skirmishes ended force assigned protect private property little known role events left strong impression political awakening joined und anti semitic organisation result conditions treaty versailles spread germany lost life savings spared townspeople afford musical education led financial crisis family naval career joined taking advantage security structure pension offered naval cadet kiel germany primary naval base april promoted senior sent officer training advanced rank ensign assigned signals officer battleship flagship germany promotion came greater recognition received good superiors problems crewmen promoted july rank sub lieutenant increased rank ambition arrogance notorious countless affairs december attended rowing club ball met romantically involved soon announced engagement follower attended rally charged conduct officer gentleman breaking engagement promise woman known months von engagement admiral dismissed navy april dismissal devastated found career prospects kept engagement married december career military began setting division acting advice associate von friend agreed interview cancelled appointment minute ignored message packed sent munich met train station took asked convey ideas developing intelligence service impressed hired immediately starting salary equivalent usd low decided job family supported nazi movement quasi military revolutionary nature post appealed share office colleague earning month salary described comfortable power influence grew 1930s salary grew income increased annually equivalent usd number number later received service august began job chief new service intelligence service set office brown house headquarters munich october created network spies intelligence gathering purposes obtain information blackmail political aims information thousands people recorded index cards stored brown house mark occasion december wedding promoted rank major enemies began spread rumours alleged jewish ancestry said obtained proving jewish ancestry surfaced nazi claimed pure nazi organisation head service passed allegations racial expert investigated reported german origin free coloured jewish blood insisted rumours report privately engaged member investigate rumours appointed chief renamed security service service grew effective machine terror intimidation hitler absolute power germany wished control political police forces german states began bavaria gathered men stormed police headquarters munich took police intimidation tactics munich police chief commander political police hitler chancellor germany series germany und leader chancellor concentration camps originally intended house political opponents established early year end camps founded prussian police force transferred authority april immediately instrument terror named head april june declared official nazi intelligence service crushing beginning april hitler request began building leader effort remove rival party leadership point early nazi paramilitary organisation numbered million men hitler direction drew lists starting seven officials including june acted coordinated mass arrests continued days shot trial leadership purge known night long knives people killed action appointed new head converted sports training organisation way began building instrument fear improved index card system creating categories offenders colour coded cards authority arrest citizens suspicion commit crime definition crime discretion law passed gave police right act extra legally led sweeping use protective custody power people judicial proceedings courts allowed investigate interfere considered acting legally long carrying leadership people arrested sent concentration camps killed began developing notion religion wanted members leave church early left catholic_church wife year felt longer member came consider church political power influence danger state consolidating police forces june police forces germany united following hitler appointment chief german police appointment deputy powerful men internal administration germany immediately reorganised police groups order police consisting national police municipal police consisting point head operations chief assigned help organise summer olympics berlin games promote propaganda aims nazi regime goodwill ambassadors sent countries considering boycott anti jewish violence forbidden duration news stands required stop displaying copies games success awarded german olympic games decoration class january directed secretly begin collecting public opinion report findings carry house searches arrests effect exercising control public opinion february austrian chancellor resisted hitler proposed merger germany intensified pressure austria organising nazi demonstrations distributing propaganda vienna stressing common blood countries march hitler declared unification austria nazi_germany created obtain real estate use guest houses vacation spots villa acquired november site january conference senior nazi officials plans jews german occupied territory countries conquered action coordinated representatives nazi state agencies present meeting september folded new placed control title chef der und des chief security police conferred october president later known august headquarters transferred berlin promoted und general der september learned ranking soviet officer plotting overthrow sensing opportunity strike blow admiral germany decided russian officers discussed matter turn brought hitler attention information received actually planted attempt planned high command ordered best agents general pass false information suggesting marshal soviet generals plotting hitler approved plan act information immediately forged documents letters implicated commanders material delivered great purge followed orders believed successfully executing dismissing officer corps importance matter speculation soviet military prosecutors use forged documents generals secret trial instead relied false confessions beaten defendants night fog decree late german armies swept western_europe following year given responsibility carrying und night fog decree according decree persons german security arrested way cover night fog people disappeared trace told whereabouts fate prisoner fill listed personal information country origin details crimes placed envelope inscribed seal reading und submitted central file camp files prisoners given special covert prisoner code opposed code jew gypsy etc decree remained effect death exact number people vanished positively established estimated acting protector september appointed deputy czechoslovakia incorporated march assumed control territory protector remained territory titular head sent leave hitler felt soft approach promoted anti german sentiment encouraged anti german resistance strikes sabotage appointment told aides czech came prague enforce policy fight resistance nazi regime production czech motors arms extremely important german war effort viewed area condemned czech resistance stabs realise goals demanded racial classification explained making czech garbage germans way methods based racist thought started rule population people executed days arrival prague names appeared posters occupied region avenues express czech culture public closed according estimate people arrested february executed sent concentration camp cent czech prisoners survived war march sweeps czech cultural patriotic organisations military resulted practical czech resistance small cells central leadership home resistance survived communist resistance able function coordinated manner suffered arrests terror served resistance society public widespread action resisting german rule brutal policies time quickly earned nickname butcher prague acting protector applied stick methods labour reorganised basis equipment confiscated czech organisation organise events workers food rations free shoes distributed increased time free saturdays introduced unemployment insurance established time black market suppressed associated resistance movement tortured executed labelled economic criminals enemies people helped gain support conditions prague rest czech lands relatively peaceful industrial output increased measures hide shortages increasing inflation reports growing discontent multiplied despite public displays goodwill populace privately left eventual goal entire area day definitely german expect eventually thirds populace removed regions russia nazi_germany won war faced annexation directly czech workforce exploited nazi labour workers removed unsuitable jobs december called work april november czech workers taken manner work nazi germany february work day increased hours purposes military dictator changes government structure left president cabinet virtually powerless drove car open roof confidence occupation forces government effectiveness role holocaust historians regard member nazi elite hitler called man iron heart main architects holocaust early war years answering taking orders hitler matters pertaining imprisonment jews organisers jews germany night november sent telegram night offices helping police nazi party officials fire departments talks permitting arson destroying jewish businesses orders archival material jewish community centres telegram ordered jews particularly affluent jews arrested districts accommodated existing detention facilities immediately arrests carried appropriate concentration camps contacted place jews camps quickly possible thousand jews sent concentration camps days immediately following historians consider beginning holocaust hitler asked pretext invasion poland false flag plan code named involved fake attack german radio station august plan toured site miles polish border wearing polish uniforms german troops carried attacks border hitler ruse excuse launch invasion instructions formed task forces travel wake german armies start world war september sent message jewish question occupied territory chiefs instructions round jewish people placement called formation jewish councils ordered census promoted plans jewish owned businesses farms measures units followed army poland implement plans later soviet_union charged rounding killing jews firing squad gas estimates related auxiliary troops killed million people including million jews moved ensure safety certain jews german champion knew protected polish olympic fencing team competed summer olympics november issued cable evacuation new eastern provinces detailing people railway concentration camps giving guidance surrounding december census basis performed drew regulations general upcoming invasion soviet_union ensured army operate murdering soviet jews october senior officer meeting prague discussed jews given position instrumental carrying plans ready organize west conducting extensive killing operations east officers attending discussed taking jews prague weeks handing commanders establishing planned resulting construction people eventually die tens thousands passed camp way deaths east named responsible implementing forced movement jews germany czechoslovakia poland earlier july gave written ensure cooperation administrative leaders government departments implementation der final solution jewish question territories german control january chaired meeting called discuss implementation plan discussion perpetrators barely spared thought jews instead concentrated efforts scale task assassination death prague london government exile resolved kill headed team chosen operation trained pair returned december lived hiding preparing assassination attempt planned meet hitler berlin german documents suggest hitler intended transfer german occupied france french resistance gaining ground pass section dresden prague road merged road bridge junction prague suburb suited attack motorists slow bend car slowed took aim sub machine gun jammed failed fire instead ordering driver speed away called car halt attempted confront attackers threw bomb converted anti tank rear car stopped explosion wounded smoke cleared emerged wreckage gun hand chased tried return fire jumped bicycle away ran half block weak shock collapsed sent driver chase foot ensuing shot leg escaped local safe house pistol hand left flank bleeding czech woman went aid delivery van placed driver cab complained van movement causing pain placed van stomach taken emergency room suffered severe injuries left major damage lung fractured rib physician packed chest wound doctor tried unsuccessfully remove splinters immediately decided operate carried given blood performed chest wound left lung wounds closed ordered physician fly prague assume care despite fever recovery appeared progress hitler personal physician suggested use new drug thinking recover refused june visit reconciled fate reciting father operas slipped coma visit regained consciousness died june probably autopsy concluded died facial expression died betrayed spirituality entirely beauty like renaissance cardinal according police official investigated assassination funeral elaborate funeral held prague june coffin placed train berlin second ceremony held new june gave eulogy hitler attended placed decorations including highest grade blood order medal wound badge gold war merit cross 1st class swords funeral death employed propaganda hitler privately blamed death opportunity makes thief assassin heroic gestures driving open vehicle walking streets damned serves man expose unnecessary danger condemn stupid interred berlin military cemetery exact burial spot known temporary wooden marker disappeared overran city replaced grave rallying point photograph burial shows section north wall cemetery recent biography places grave planned monumental tomb designed sculptor architect germany declining fortunes built widow won right receive pension result series court cases west german government entitled substantial pension husband german general killed action government previously declined pay role holocaust couple children born killed traffic accident born born born shortly father death wrote memoir mit published remarried died aftermath hid safe houses eventually took refuge cathedral orthodox church prague traitor czech resistance betrayed location church surrounded members killed remainder hid church germans attempted flush men gunfire tear gas flooding eventually entrance explosives surrender soldiers killed supporters assassins killed wake events included church leader revered martyr infuriated death hitler ordered arrest execution randomly selected tempered response czech lands important industrial zone german military killing reduce region productivity hitler ordered quick investigation intelligence falsely linked assassins towns report stated kilometres north west prague suspected hiding place czech army officers england come found resistance radio june discussions hitler ordered brutal people arrested deported imprisoned beginning june males age villages murdered women murdered women deported immediately concentration camp pregnant babies forcibly aborted hospital died women sent concentration camp children chosen killed gas camp towns burned ruins people death replacements chief october new acting death implementation policies conference chaired accelerated true death camps designed mass killing legal process pretext built operated project named summary career career extensively studied general dramatic portrayals depicting stages ascent power leadership style use fear extract obedience respect person friendly cultivated demeanor exercised daily took meticulous care appearance expected subordinates close friends highly suspicious senior officers exception offered blind obedience seen true man devotion motivations lay partly lack interest taking place view told occasions developed close professional relationships circle security forces example appears trusted straightforward loyalty impressed reason appointed secretary appointed commander security forces rome said personnel favoured especially attended conference possessed similar traits devotion lack remorse brutal orders personal loyalty capacity commander security forces hand dislike distrust stemmed independence ambition said concentration camp service held particular referred ambitious dwarf little trust characterized commander upper administration friendly later years said wary waiting opportunity disgrace forged relationships powerful police leaders maintained dialogue especially ran late 1930s early 1940s security police officials selected run camps closest professional contacts said particularly good terms realm responsibility governor behaved know trust record time mixture rapid promotions reserve commissions regular armed forces line combat service years rose ranks appointed rank private general major luftwaffe flying nearly combat missions july plane hit soviet anti aircraft fire emergency landing enemy lines evaded soviet patrol contacted forward german patrol hitler personally ordered return berlin resume duties service record gives credit navy reserve lieutenant world war contact military branch received nazi military awards including golden party badge badge bronze silver combat mission bars iron cross second classes | Reinhard Heydrich | Warfare | Military people | Military people (G –M) |
23140_StuartClarenceGraham | october july senior officer australian_army seeing service second world war vietnam war born graduated graham subsequently held series regimental staff appointments serving number infantry armoured units second world war post war period served japan held number staff command positions late 1950s posted later served director military intelligence commanding 1st fighting responsible establishing controversial barrier minefield coast later graham filled range senior command staff diplomatic roles australia overseas including position deputy chief general staff retiring died early life graham born new_south_wales october educated highly intelligent school achieved high position leaving certificate joining australian_army january age graduated august following outbreak second world war subsequently allocated regular officer rank lieutenant graham excelled academically known unorthodox innovative tactical solutions military problems graduating class received kings medal achievements shortly commissioning married canberra august couple later sons stuart born ray born military career second world war graham subsequently held series regimental staff appointments serving number infantry armoured units overseas service transferred 2nd july subsequently posted 11th armoured car regiment adjutant followed attendance promoted captain september graham briefly served headquarters attached british_army serving british saw action north_africa italy coming ashore day allied landing wounded remained duty period gained valuable operational experience armoured warfare service north_africa shaped thinking use tactical minefields extensively mobile infantry armoured battles returning australia february following short period staff positions graham spent remainder war south west pacific infantry december given command company 24th battalion went distinguish campaign action morning april graham command encountered heavy resistance thick jungle attacking strong japanese positions personally leading attack placed number anti tank guns cover river crossing following heavy fighting australians finally secured late afternoon allowed bridge erected creek tanks forward support japanese counter attack overnight following morning graham led company forward succeeded seizing high ground day bitter fighting resulted heavy japanese casualties immediately awarded leadership graham later wounded amid heavy fighting difficult terrain australian advance continued road promoted temporary major october finished war posted 4th armoured regiment post war period following war graham served staff positions based new_south_wales posted japan headquarters promoted lieutenant colonel later briefly commanded australian regiment november january graham attached subsequently posted tactics instructor later completed training united_kingdom germany considered australia foremost tank experts graham commanded 1st armoured regiment subsequently served commandant filled position director armour period later wrote influential paper successful use armour jungle warfare ability reduce casualties infantry graham attended subsequently filled role washington intelligence officer exposure military culture intelligence period affected military thinking influential later service graham subsequently posted canberra plans promoted colonel served director military intelligence australian_army developing doctrine counter revolutionary warfare graham ideas counter influenced visit november graham understanding challenges prevailing cold war environment allowed reform australia nascent military intelligence apparatus encouraging developments joint intelligence arrangements australia allies liaison british counterparts establishing relationships countries recognition service australian staff corps appointed officer order british empire took appointment commandant prepared deployment time army officers learning new tactics techniques procedures promoted brigadier commanded 6th task force southern queensland supervising training battalions later serve command vietnam graham studied london vietnam war january graham appointed commander 1st based taking brigadier according official historians australian involvement vietnam war graham quickly established developed sound operational concept succeeded preventing implementing intended battalions ability generate combat power severely limited location isolated main population centres increased burden self protection february sustained heaviest casualties war point losing men killed wounded single week majority clashed companies reinforced north vietnamese regulars north west february graham losses need infantry battalion tanks australian government unable provide additional military resources time confirmed mind need establish physical barrier deny freedom movement graham subsequently established kilometre long barrier minefield coast operation march june attempt regain initiative largely forced graham inadequate forces available inherent contradictions australian strategic policy decision contrary advice senior task force engineer major number senior infantry officers resisted idea including graham battalion commanders lieutenant colonel commanding officer served korean war australians suffered large number casualties mines originally laid forces unlike colleagues officer graham served korea assumptions developed warfare north_africa remained months barrier minefield resulted dramatic decline reducing supply movement percent recognising threat obstacle posed immediately begun attempting penetrate cutting gaps fence clearing lanes minefield restore flow supplies lifting mines use conceived hinder movement jungle bases villages relied supplies failure south vietnamese forces protect barrier minefield ultimately allowed remove thousands mines subsequently keeping australian counter doctrine graham strategy ultimately proved controversial costly despite initial success minefield source munitions later decision remove amid growing casualties flaws immediately obvious second half province melted away abandoning bunker systems avoiding main roads towns weakened communist forces province operations restricted movement logistics prompted graham speculate fled border leaving province altogether reasoned succession operations south east province completion barrier minefield meant single sizable threat remained populated areas despite allegations corruption ballot rigging ruling military presidential elections september security concerns largely considered successful percent eligible voters turning nationwide number higher percent graham believed large public turnout long term effects australian operations province increased population sense security tour duty task force conducted operations handed command october later awarded senior command returning australia graham subsequently appointed chief staff december large percentage australian casualties vietnam caused mines including significant quantities anti personnel devices removed barrier minefield total australian casualties mines later estimated killed wounded figure constituted approximately percent killed war losses increasingly political issue support war australia waned decision later criticised military media controversy surrounding minefield grew february graham promoted major general appointed deputy chief general staff member positions held visiting respected journalist concluded original concept laying minefield sound ultimately greatest australian mistakes war august work begun remove minefield graham forced publicly defend decision questions raised knowledge approval decision tactical commander number senior army officers including commander vietnam major general chief general staff lieutenant general chairman general construction graham second daily running australian_army time graham unsuccessfully sought retention national service following eventual australian withdrawal vietnam arguing necessary expand later managed draw australian forces vietnam played leading role shaping post war army graham appointed general officer commanding later commander 1st division subsequently filled position head australian defence staff london period graham officer queen birthday honours retired march later life later life graham wife settled queensland involved community activities fundraising enjoyed swimming fishing involved work help blind died home july survived widow sons despite debate surrounding laying barrier minefield later described graham clever imaginative commander widely regarded having best minds army broad knowledge fair approach earned respect subordinates death graham remained controversial figure book minefield published author army officer argued decision establish minefield reckless product failure understand prevailing nature ended strategic disaster argued decision ultimately cost graham position seen likely candidate replace went describe graham ambitious career driven talented man rose position importance personal flaws | Stuart Clarence Graham | Warfare | Military people | Military people (G –M) |
23154_DorothyMcKibbin | december december worked manhattan_project world war ran project office east palace staff moving passed known lady point contact new arrivals retired office closed early life born kansas_city missouri december fourth children corporate lawyer wife née davis older brothers known bill known older sister younger sister virginia died known family close friends father active political social life kansas_city serving police commissioner president family believed strongly value education attended small independent preparatory school kansas_city editor school literary magazine member drama group played forward school basketball team graduated later year entered liberal arts college massachusetts time largest women colleges united_states considered english history ultimately settling elected class president year participated helped raise refugees world war enjoyed tennis swimming hiking mountain climbing played class basketball team smith baseball team graduating smith travelled europe father alaska western canada national park september met visiting friend minnesota toured quebec newfoundland nova scotia went father cuba panama peru chile argentina engaged returned south_america diagnosed tuberculosis disease sister died broke engagement new mexico effective drugs treat disease tuberculosis patients sent recovered died sunshine dry climate southwestern states considered recovery located family chose near new_mexico like resort hospital arrived mother november find waiting list lobbying admitted december fell love landscape culture new_mexico year pronounced cured left december joseph renewed engagement married garden family home kansas_city october honeymoon rio_de_janeiro moved minnesota joseph worked father fur business son kevin born december joseph diagnosed died october single mother chose return loaded possessions ford model accompanied kevin joseph sister drove month arrived june great depression dust bowl drought jobs hard find found employment spanish small firm sold artworks owners left day day running business hands paid hour gave job spend time kevin father lost money great depression help buy house instead buying decided build april purchased acres far designed house met fellow patient based design 19th century spanish area house furnished antique fittings acquired spanish land construction costs totalled father frequent visitor overseeing stages construction kevin diagnosed potentially life threatening disease treatment bed rest spent entire school year bed father died pneumonia february took kevin mother aunt doctors told kevin actually removed left cured started school returned old job spanish manhattan_project outbreak world war owners spanish decided switch war related opportunities company closed putting job march approached men california seeking establish new office offered hire secretary particularly impressed later wrote thought associated person simply great met person hit fast completely didn know thought maybe digging trenches new road love ads magazine love wanted allied person force man professor establishing new secret laboratory manhattan_project wartime effort build atomic bomb permanent employee manhattan_project office opened east palace avenue march office rooms purposely small easily heated winter small handled housing business manager chemistry professor columbia_university charge scientific supplies charge assisted secretary secretary arrived berkeley bought money salary month initially paid petty cash subsequently employee unsure wanted duties evolved time deputy ran housing office secret laboratory construction miles away simply hill acquainted friends poet author daughter founder meet new arrivals issue passes past guards came known lady left work night burn scrap paper produced day hours day phone middle night frequently house overrun guests later recalled dull moment office worked days week couldn wait work morning people needed attention hungry exhausted hurry telephone line facilities constructed allow staff offered position declined remained running office east palace duties remained looked children pets guarded secret papers residents turned needed christmas dinner doctor performed recalled stayed calm surrounded large boxes hauled truck piles small parcels shopping women dumped floor room purchases bags women brought difficulties checks endorsed bank yes knew boys camp yes recommend good eating place yes arrange ride later evening yes try reservations good hotel yes key ladies room marriages performed house married ceremony september local judge conduct ceremony project security allowed know couple series weddings weeks later assembled wedding thirty weddings held including robert son gave assignment numbers staff greatly expanded intended house unfinished eighty people expected arrive summer army taken canyon lodge asked prepare receive experience running hotel left office hands assistant weeks took residence lodge june help army women brought able prepare occupation days expected numbers arrive turned rest resort scientists unusual assignment scanning skies signs japanese fire balloons july couples arrived east palace asked join evening picnic near morning watched sky light trinity nuclear test later life war ended august doubts remain mention office arranging people departures depart october successor agreed director position months remain years kept laboratory open retained office open head june washington reunion went watch appear house american activities committee sitting succeeded secretary alleged conducted secret communist meetings home berkeley july conducted meticulous investigation produced detailed paper trail demonstrating time april conducted security hearing resulted loss security clearance testified appeared gave reception office closed june retired brief ceremony conducted presented memorial plaque awarded invited join white_house reception intended assassination president met toured december cast event decided attend received award new president began fail 1950s operations needed wear thick glasses died home december buried named entrance hall actual gate east palace | Dorothy McKibbin | Warfare | Military people | Military people (G –M) |
23297_HowardKippenberger | major general sir january known officer served second world wars born joined late saw action france western participating battle wound november saw repatriated new_zealand discharged qualified solicitor worked legal practice joined advanced rank lieutenant colonel following outbreak second world war appointed command 20th battalion led battalion years battles greece crete promoted brigadier taking command pinnacle military career commander 2nd wounded march stepped land result wounds lost feet recovery england fitted artificial limbs helped prepare assisted newly released new_zealand prisoners war appointed editor chief new_zealand largest publishing project second world war working project died wellington early life born january unusual surname came paternal great grandparents emigrated new_zealand germany oldest children received early education local schools nearby father father farmer moved family oxford continued schooling advanced age academically challenged school class low attendance rate led school authorities asking leave high school returning home oxford worked family farm interested military history joined local unit found enjoyed father approve interest regardless enlisted late age men ages required register service age ensure eligible duty overseas world war january april underwent basic training 12th reinforcement embarked europe join transit transport ship unexpectedly diverted egypt months contingent based training camp little hours training day 12th reinforcement left july camp england underwent intense training western finally arrived western september private 1st canterbury regiment arrival coincided offensive took battle began september remained lines weeks regiment withdrawn unit suffered heavy casualties time soldiers left platoon battle ended rest recovery regiment moved sector mid october volunteered sniper duty despite known accuracy served capacity badly wounded arm november eventually recovered wound time repatriated new_zealand discharged april civilian life appreciated need establish career end decided profession law early enrolled study law later year found job law clerk legal practice met secretary married couple children sons daughter working day studying evenings qualified solicitor moved manager partner branch legal firm immersed community serving local council involved committees retained interest military joined firmly believed large scale conflict occur europe wanted prepared built extensive military library studied theory warfare analysed past campaigns strategy tactics given situation noted influence landscape outcomes battles qualities successful military commander set large sand table office law practice war gaming learn studies practice training lieutenant colonel commanding 1st second world war outbreak second world war given command 20th battalion formed early october battalion 2nd period training departed middle_east january battalion arrived base egypt february involved training garrison duty months greece crete anticipating invasion greece germans decided send troops support greeks 2nd command major general allied units dispatched greece early march 20th battalion prepared manned western edge position particularly happy felt defensive line allocated battalion wide defend took care avenues retreat positions april expected german invasion began advanced rapidly threat apparent danger withdrawn pass manned defensive positions superior previous positions german attack commenced april brigade defended position days withdrawn battalion chosen rearguard personally intervened demolition bridges pass ensure possible collected demolition party later came artillery tank fire attempted catch main body brigade forced abandon vehicles rejoin battalion foot conducting delaying actions road leading athens command evacuated crete april crete promoted temporary colonel given command 10th brigade hoc formation included man composite battalion consisting mainly artillery men heavy equipment trucks machine gunners greek regiments assessed greek units limited use 20th battalion brigade strict controls place deployment use germans launched invasion crete like defenders island surprised sight hundreds descending quickly recovered making way headquarters burst gunfire directed way twisting ankle avoiding gunfire killed shot head brigade positioned east airfield plains positioned counterattack scattered beginning consolidate good starting position attack airfield launched request denied acting divisional commander brigadier attack launched later knowledge failed believed outcome different troops involved remaining days battle series attacks launched 10th brigade subordinate remained command forward troops brigade town days instrumental maintaining defensive discipline forward troops trained infantry fell germans quickly planned led executed successful counterattack recapture town despite notable success short lived brigade withdraw shorter defensive line town abandoned joined gradually retreated south coast island evacuated egypt arrival select number men remain rearguard rest battalion evacuated pleasure rearguard thought abandon crete able follow day result actions greece crete forged reputation leading officers 2nd division brigade commander recommended leadership infantry brigade time remain commander 20th battalion later year awarded distinguished service order leadership north_africa egypt short period rest set rebuilding battalion lost half original complement nearly replacements joined battalion continued arrive weeks way mediterranean small mid june strength weeks spent battalion previous positions engaged intensive desert training november 2nd division participated conducted offensive operations area enjoyed early successes campaign battalion engaged battles stage responded attack battalion rear frontal assault resulting capture prisoners later night november 18th battalion tasked night time capture hill adjacent units moved positions navigational error resulted headquarters company separated companies battalion took daylight establish contact remainder battalion located expected position having taken hill losses wounded machine gun fire exposed assessing battalion situation evacuated dressing station captured elements 15th division days later 20th battalion destroyed counterattack action observed distressed field glasses dressing station guard italians germans having moved italians began send captive senior officers prisoner war camps italy fate wanted avoid december party able station stealing truck making way ran group armoured cars forced truck stop relief armoured cars proved south african unit reaching met extremely pleased promptly promoted brigadier command spot brigade previous commander brigadier captured german convinced superiors send unit dressing station rescue remaining prisoners work campaign mentioned despatches consisted 21st 22nd 23rd battalions frequently attached command brigade numbered personnel regarded formation brigades division set rest 2nd division moved syria brigade remained worked defensive fortifications months april brigade moved syria complete 2nd division months brigade arrived syria attacked libya prompted recall 2nd defeated battle retreated egypt recalled new manned defensive position rebuffed attacks long division cut successfully forced breakout minimal losses june withdrew new positions july led known held enemy centre line dominating surrounding area tasked capture centre ridge western end ridge 5th eastern end british armour form armoured brigades protect flanks support deal expected counterattack little thought given communication liaison infantry armoured brigades clear chain command established implications outcome battle attack required night time advance miles yards decided battalions 21st 23rd battalions attack 22nd battalion reserve artillery anti tank units follow decided use unreliable short range radios failed clear inexperienced commander lieutenant colonel expected cover frontal advance advance elements battalion spread far apart lost bypassed numerous strong points leaving german line ridge largely intact morning supporting british armour seen artillery anti tank units unable break leaving new_zealand brigades position exposed ridge inspected brigade position found battalions fire german tanks unable contact nearby units radio realising degree men exposed raced fire carrier locate british armour coming armoured brigade miles away commander bring unit forward refused meaningful support intervention commander british 1st armoured division time tanks arrived men 22nd battalion largely killed captured headquarters element 23rd battalion prisoners war nightfall overrun asked received permission withdraw brigade ridge awarded bar dash help british bitter poor planning operation admitted errors judgement opening day second battle led brigade spent previous weeks defensive lines attack achieved objectives contrast months earlier took care establish headquarters far forward possible prior commencement battle communication difficulties units brigade despite lost contact leading 23rd battalion quickly overwhelmed opposition fact battalion advanced quickly arrived final objective far ahead schedule believed reached objective advanced battalion commander blamed unit rapid advance inspirational pre battle speech particularly men tunisia home leave retreated libya tunisia pursuit series engagements enemy followed occupying men battle 5th brigade withdrawn having lost strength remained highly regarded officer commander occasional absence field higher commands july decided send group long serving veterans new_zealand months leave ranking officer group high public profile exploits crete north_africa spent leave extensive speaking engagements seriously ill september originally expected return egypt return command november italy stage war 2nd fighting italy 5th brigade attack central italy arrival conducted survey terrain recommended attack plan modified include additional brigade recommendation concurred reorganised attack successfully executed evening november light casualties attempted times capture town second attack town december involve 5th brigade despite brigade achieving objectives flank town attack successful failure brigade tasked capture achieve goals left elements 5th brigade exposed partially withdraw attack involving mounted december failed despite armoured support found close fighting mountainous terrain italy marked contrast open campaign north_africa despite remained best division afraid voice concerns given difficult orders superiors commander lieutenant general ordered regarded attacks ground pleased twice voiced concerns early commander newly formed promoted temporary major general commander pinnacle military career division moved line replacing attacking strongly defended german positions attack new february unsuccessful despite bombing abbey supported second attack planned february delayed bad weather march climbed slopes nearby gain overview battlefield near mountain triggered land exploded injured legs extent foot severed blast evacuated medical centre foot lower portions legs news injuries spread men 2nd met disbelief shock greatly affecting morale england april transferred queen mary hospital london fitted artificial limbs discharged hospital early september month period wartime services recognised month commander order british empire december appointed companion order bath graded medical board fit administrative duties hopes returning named replace brigadier killed france august commander organisation formed arrange accommodation social medical services new_zealand military personnel expected released prisoner war camps germany war ended personnel evacuated england await new_zealand recognised transition harsh life captive normal life difficult provided needed support individuals threw new role setting facilities accommodation centres dover prisoners war began arriving late march point personally meet group arrivals following october overwhelming majority released personnel returned new_zealand need later life offered position editor chief new_zealand largest publishing project second world war new_zealand government initial plans published record new_zealand involvement war early respected branches new_zealand services championed new_zealand prime minister person coordinate project resulting series books covering campaign unit histories volumes new_zealand people war published war history branch work largely complete returned new_zealand new position initially contracted seven years july involved project rest life capacity editor chief guided planning production volumes dedicated specific campaigns units war effort general set high standard official histories censorship read draft volume produced providing extensive feedback authors took special interest unit history command 20th battalion stressed need struggled views battles personally involved volume proved particularly difficult produce requiring critical analysis leadership personal friends battle commander took offence account handling battle official histories occasion threatened political interference particularly change government person high standing government ordinary strong advocate project able convince new government merits official histories encouraged positive atmosphere war history branch despite tight budget times crowded work conditions proud rate output exceeded efforts better official histories australia great_britain war history branch presided life produced nearly major volumes found time write book account wartime service work began worked largely complete late published proved critical commercial success translated seven languages appointed editor chief official histories intended write volumes hopes negotiating extension contract war history branch knight commander order british empire elected dominion president position hold serving president courted controversy outspoken opposition black tour south_africa basis exclusion players team forced remarks received support veterans april wife health deteriorated hospitalised seriously ill recovered sufficiently moved home preparing wife homecoming complained collapsed taken hospital coma died day cerebral buried wellington military honours watched funeral procession husband hospital window died years later legacy death extensive library purchased keen reader military studies books margins read notes insight thinking warfare strategy collection housed research library books covering wide range military subjects emphasis major wars involving new announced creation sir strategic studies receives support provides support holder chair teach conduct research strategic studies operates known scheme allows officer cadets based near north chance study commissioned | Howard Kippenberger | Warfare | Military people | Military people (G –M) |
23307_WilhelmLemke | september december luftwaffe flying ace world war credited aerial victories aerial combat encounters resulting destruction enemy aircraft victories claimed soviet combat missions born joined military service luftwaffe following flight training posted squadron 3rd fighter wing flew combat missions operation german invasion soviet_union claimed aerial victory june aerial victories awarded knight september given command squadron leader august march credited 100th aerial victory months later july claimed victory eastern subsequently relocated western flew defense claimed victories mid november appointed group commander 2nd group awarded knight oak leaves november killed action december northwest combat fighters early life career son civil servant born september near poland joined military service luftwaffe cadet november following fighter pilot training promoted second lieutenant april world war eastern posted line unit years start world war unit squadron 3rd fighter wing preparation german invasion soviet_union command major major relocated east claimed soviet bombers shot june aerial victories awarded 2nd class july 1st class july august accumulated aerial victories day flying factory number hit wounded abdomen combat soviet bombers managed emergency landing november awarded honor luftwaffe der luftwaffe returned active service february posted march claimed 20th aerial victory claimed fighters shot combat 6th soviet strike aviation group april credited 30th victory june aerial victories july subsequently nominated des given command squadron leader august leading unit november claimed 57th victory september day later victory september day awarded knight december rammed combat december score increased victories aerial victories credited destruction aircraft ground tanks fuel trucks trucks rocket launchers anti tank gun mortars march claimed 100th aerial victory fighter 35th luftwaffe pilot achieve century mark promoted lieutenant april captain june credited victory eastern july taking total western death august began transferring western flew defense claimed fighters shot august mission western october credited victory separation shots severely damaged heavy bomber forced separate combat box counted aerial victory boeing flying fortress bombers day claimed victory second raid mid november appointed group commander 2nd group succeeded major killed action november surrendered command took command days later airfield near amsterdam netherlands awarded knight oak leaves des mit november officer soldier honored november achieved final aerial victory killed action december near kilometers northwest mission lead attack aircraft fighter intercept mission fighters escorting bombers shot buried german war cemetery netherlands aerial victory credits credited aerial victories claimed combat missions eastern included ground attack aircraft dash indicates aerial victory claims receive credit indicates separation shot severely damaged heavy bomber forced separate combat box counted aerial victory awards 2nd class july 1st class july der luftwaffe luftwaffe november pilot knight oak leaves knight cross september oak leaves november | Wilhelm Lemke | Warfare | Military people | Military people (G –M) |
23479_ManuelErotikosKomnenos | greek byzantine military leader fully documented ancestor dynasty origin obscure mentioned sources leading defence rebel imperial envoy years later children late life eldest emperor youngest john dynasty father biography known early life fact militarily active given able children late date birth suggested generally accepted modern scholars parents identity obscure son named greek scholar considered likely father according greek custom eldest male child named paternal grandfather known life career according inherited surname father equally obscure mother unnamed lady family possibly related 11th century rebel french scholar hand proposed member family changed surname modern scholarship commonly accepts comment family originated village considers brother named governor armenian region soon annexation possible relationship proven mentioned time led defence rebel general risen emperor reigned great granddaughter princess claims named commander chief east sent powers deal revolt far likely merely local commander maintained city defence success managed undermine collapse towers lack food acute point able fool pretending mountains wheat considering joining allowing inhabitants depart freely constantinople appears sent envoy risen revolt persuade surrender successful task elderly rebel ended revolt gave october titles recorded owned lands region modern inherited death eldest son stronghold family 11th century died probably time children young entrusted care emperor family wife virtually unknown likely named maria probably died sons daughter married catherine bulgaria daughter distinguished general emperor head generals resigned retired monastery unnamed daughter born married served italy killed july married served brother reign domestic schools fathered children senior military leaders son emperor founding dynasty | Manuel Erotikos Komnenos | Warfare | Military people | Military people (G –M) |
23539_JoachimMüncheberg | december march military aviator world war fighter ace credited enemy aircraft shot combat missions majority victories claimed western claims eastern aerial victories achieved fighters born strong ambitions track field athlete volunteered military service initially serving army transferred luftwaffe air force following flight training posted fighter wing october transferred 26th fighter wing year later appointed adjutant iii fought received knight following 20th aerial victory serving squadron leader fought aerial battles siege malta balkans campaign received knight oak leaves italian gold medal military italian aerial victories briefly served north_africa support field marshal transferring france given command september posted 51st fighter wing operating eastern july serving wing commander training wing commander claimed 100th aerial victory september awarded swords knight cross september score aerial victories october given command fighter wing operating died wounds following mid air collision combat near tunisia march childhood education early career born december near time province today administrative district poland second child farmer wife née sister half years older father served cavalry officer reserves world war forced father sell farm started elementary schooling father able old farm family moved completed elementary school walked rode horse drawn wagon kilometres way school transferred type secondary school graduated diploma talented sports athletics played football youth team early 1930s attended sports school weeks spent summer vacation bulgaria places stayed monastery early attended course completed compulsory labour service october department district athlete especially excelled daily practised different disciplines aged attended summer camp held conjunction summer olympics berlin youth interested flying technical things interest flying cousin pilot world war took berlin airfield flights volunteered service newly emerging luftwaffe started recruit training december spent winter vacation attended iii 3rd training course 4th student company 1st air war school dresden officer april june year later completed flight training promoted december transferred luftwaffe attended fighter pilot school command colonel posted 1st group fighter wing stationed cologne september promoted second lieutenant november stationed cologne trained sports club cologne spare time competed national international track field events training field built family estate time strong ambitions compete summer olympics commanding officers supported athletic vision gave additional time practice olympics owned mother bred named dog accompanied start world war death march equipped december designated 26th fighter wing named transferred 11th squadron 2nd demonstration wing formed august experimented night fighting techniques pilots excellent flying abilities especially blind flying chosen world war world war europe began friday september german forces invaded poland designated led lieutenant iii formed september appointed adjutant iii relocated early november war period october april airfield claimed victory november royal_air_force raf bomber squadron raf piloted achievement earned iron cross 2nd class november german invasion france low countries began iii flew close air support missions support german airborne landings netherlands filed claim second victory shot air northwest antwerp iii moved present day closer border netherlands belgium surrender netherlands iii moved peer belgium moved time near brussels operating air base claimed fifth aerial victory achievement earned iron cross 1st class time iii providing fighter escort dive bombers heavy fighters operating held june iii relocated near second decisive phase case red began june major major adolf appointed group commander iii june adjutant relocated june time june near paris flew ground support missions retreating french forces time france surrendered june iii moved germany total claimed allied aircraft shot invasion france including bringing total moved july provide fighter protection berlin time repair upgrade july received orders relocate preparation actions britain adolf_hitler issued august strategic objective engage defeat raf achieve air supremacy air superiority preparation proposed amphibious invasion great_britain iii flew fighter protection bomber formations attacking allied shipping english channel july missions referred channel combat germans unit flew mission day later providing fighter protection targeting shipping promoted july claimed 10th aerial victory july shot squadron hurricane kilometres northeast dover claim german pilot claimed hurricane time loss suffered squadron wounded raf records shot hours claim credited 11th victory august claiming piloted flight sergeant shot claim unlikely war diary shows claim afternoon pilots squadron lost day flown phillips british records phillips killed action squadron mission morning hours earlier day germans lost aircraft shot damaged british lost aircraft shot damaged iii lost raf losses occurring time claim hurricanes belonging squadron flight lieutenant flying officer killed action roughly iii continued fly combat air patrols august claim aircraft shot days fighting reached climax august eagle day launched code claimed hurricane shot squadron squadron august following day filed claim squadron august fighter escort mission 1st bomber wing 2nd bomber wing appointed wing commander august consequence led appointed iii given command squadron leader replacing prisoner war shot flying fighter escort mission august attack south london claimed victory hurricane squadron hurricane august brought total aerial victories increased day september awarded knight day achieved 20th aerial victory achievement earned reference total information bulletin issued headquarters following award presentation sent weeks home leave returned early october phase luftwaffe targeted british airfields come end claimed victory following vacation october free french air force october relocated november claimed victory november claimed combat squadron squadron 23rd victory claimed southeast dover weather deteriorated fog heavy rain prevented flight operations hitler visited christmas hitler selected group pilots war attrition raf cost lost pilots entire moved germany reform equip early iii stationed received new aircraft men sent skiing vacation malta balkans north_africa february informed relocate sicily support command general der general actions strategically important island malta opening new north_africa british air sea forces based island attack axis ships transporting vital supplies reinforcements europe north_africa counter threat luftwaffe italian royal_air_force tasked bombing raids effort raf defences ports following brief rome arrived sicily february received factory new factory number marked white claimed victory siege malta february south malta february claimed 26th victory squadron hurricane ace flight lieutenant severely wounded lost arm returned combat late claimed slow flying hurricane assumed hurricane engine trouble february flying fighter protection targeting airfield claimed hurricane second day claimed 33rd victory march combat mission celebrated entire elements support ground personnel relocated airfield near taranto april pilots learned invade yugoslavia greece april support invasion pilots attacked airfield claimed yugoslav bomber april pilot lieutenant killed claimed fury destroyed ground given credit aircraft destroyed aerial combat fact balkan short detachment relocated beginning april claimed hurricanes squadron april april reconnaissance detected engine short april led attack destroying victory credited individual pilot considered april provided fighter protection bombers attacking malta claimed hurricanes shot loss german actress star wife bomber pilot mission provide entertainment troops visited pilots according especially attracted actress personally accompanied visit surpassed aerial victories downing aircraft early morning mission feat earned second honourable mention afternoon flew fighter cover bombers aerial combat hurricanes airfields far shot opponent day total credited victories day entire time awaiting announcement awarded knight oak leaves following hurricanes shot total victories received news award early morning 12th member honoured hours later received news awarded gold medal military german receive award hitler sent message 40th aerial victory began series eventually took north african theatre operations relocated greece end ground personnel shipped airfield southern tip region original intent participate relatively quick costly victory plans obsolete given weeks rest moving pilots initially tasked long range combat air patrols operation british_army operation goal clearing eastern german italian forces initiated june immediately ordered relocate north_africa 1st group 27th fighter wing command north_africa barely escaped killed speakers shot small arms fire low level attack total claimed victories theatre victories hurricanes june claimed pilots squadron squadron victory june pilot officer squadron killed engagement opponent july squadron squadron raf pilot final victories north_africa july squadron took total aerial victories channel operations received orders august africa aircraft remaining aircraft relocate france arrived france stopped rome received gold medal military travelled wolf hitler headquarters present day poland presentation following presentation went weeks vacation following return north_africa france pilots given newer aircraft replacement older type claimed victory august 50th overall august claimed september squadron days later september promoted rank following death day aerial combat fighters position passed equipped new luftwaffe completely equipped number victories continued increase 55th september squadron hurricane claimed replaced december appointed general der general fighters following death december achieved 60th aerial victory announced mention claimed 62nd overall victory year december went lengthy vacation early returning march participate operation february air superiority operation support kriegsmarine german_navy claimed victory following vacation march squadron absence replaced newer variant squadron fell guns march brought score claimed victory april minutes combat time referred boys raf pilots based airfield stationed april probably shot killed wing raf leader polish ace wing commander june intercepted squadron fighter bomber mission credited destruction taking total aerial victories achievement announced june followed presentation gold june claimed final victories june combat squadron credited destruction enemy aircraft destroyed suffering losses eastern following aerial victory summoned commanding officer informed transfer 51st fighter wing eastern destined prior receiving command serve training went weeks home leave staying parents home received orders head east july way eastern travelled berlin briefly served staff general der discussing air combat tactics lead fighter wing july participated german track field championships starting finally arrived eastern early august welcomed major initially believed combat eastern child play comparison western weeks aircraft twice severely damaged combat major task leadership fighter wing eastern equip type claimed victories east august shooting dive bomber near quickly achieved victories reaching victories august surpassing victories september 19th luftwaffe pilot achieve century mark september awarded knight oak leaves swords following victory 19th member 13th fighter pilot received award claimed victory theatre september claiming victories total russian aircraft took overall score aerial victories ordered wolf hitler presented swords following award ceremony granted home leave appointed fighter wing replacing role north_africa death took command october time deployed southern sector eastern scheduled relocate north_africa command arrived october leadership headquarters unit equipped new arrived october scored piloted november overall promoted major november claimed victory december forced landing factory number damage following combat fighter squadron march second german fighter pilot achieve aerial victories anglo american adversaries killed action march tunisia victim 52nd exploded close burst cannon fire piloted captain managed bail landed severely wounded search team quickly recovered died way field hospital captain shot engagement later stated deliberately rammed burning buried originally remains moved later 1950s announced death march aerial victory credits credited aerial victories claimed combat missions western including malta yugoslavia north_africa eastern tally includes fighter aircraft shot dash indicates aerial victory claims receive credit awards honours 2nd class september 1st class gold june flying luftwaffe fighter pilots gold pennant combined pilots observation badge knight oak leaves swords knight cross september 12th oak leaves 19th swords september deputy mentioned times dates rank | Joachim Müncheberg | Warfare | Military people | Military people (G –M) |
24208_JamesLongstreet | january january foremost confederate generals american_civil_war principal subordinate general called old war horse served lee corps commander famous battles fought biographer historian wrote finest corps commander fact arguably best corps commander conflict talents general significant contributions confederate victories second bull run second offensive defensive roles performed strongly seven days battles seriously wounded battle wilderness performance command resulted confederate defeat controversial service battle openly disagreed general lee tactics employed reluctantly supervised disastrous infantry assault known charge enjoyed successful post war career working government diplomat civil servant administrator conversion republican_party cooperation old friend president critical comments wrote memoirs general lee wartime performance confederate colleagues reputation south suffered led african american militia anti reconstruction white league authors movement focused actions primary reason confederacy loss war reputation south damaged century recently begun slow early life career born january south_carolina area fifth child son dutch descent english descent originally new_jersey maryland respectively owned cotton plantation close village founded northeastern georgia james ancestor immigrated dutch colony generations james father impressed son character rural plantation giving nickname peter known pete old pete rest life father decided military career son felt local education available adequate preparation age james sent live aunt uncle georgia uncle newspaper editor educator methodist minister james spent years uncle plantation outside city attended father died cholera epidemic visiting james mother rest family moved alabama following father death james remained uncle attempted obtain appointment james vacancy congressional district filled james appointed relative represented lived james poor student academically disciplinary problem west_point ranking 54th cadets graduated popular classmates befriended number men prominent civil war including west_point roommate class commissioned second lieutenant 4th spent years service missouri soon joined friend lieutenant soon met future wife called family daughter regimental commander col married march marriage years produce children mentioned memoirs anecdotes relationship came historians writings second wife time began grant acquainted courted fourth cousin couple eventually married historians agree attended grant wedding august role ceremony remains unclear grant biographer asserted served grant best man wedding editor memoirs concluded biographer called role best man uncertain noting grant mentioned role memoirs served distinction mexican american war 8th early war served lieutenant army battle received promotions captain major september wounded thigh charging hill regimental colors falling handed flag friend able reach summit veteran member military society officers served mexican war distinguished officers union confederate served american_civil_war members war recovery wound new wife served frontier duty texas primarily fort martin scott near fort bliss performed scouting missions served major 8th infantry july author claims period involved plot draw mexican state union slave state enthusiastic union learned uncle doctrine states rights early life seen uncle passion born south_carolina georgia offered services state alabama appointed west_point mother lived furthermore senior west_point graduate state implied rank state forces available resigned june cast lot confederacy civil war american civil war bull run peninsula arrived richmond virginia commission lieutenant colonel met confederate president executive mansion june informed appointed brigadier general date rank june commission accepted june ordered report brig given command brigade virginia regiments 1st 11th 17th regiments assembled staff trained brigade saw action ford july resisting union_army reconnaissance force preceded battle bull run main attack came opposite end line july brigade played relatively minor role endured artillery fire hours infuriated commanders allow vigorous pursuit defeated union_army trusted staff officer recorded fine rage hat ground stamped bitter words escaped quoted saying retreat hell federal army broken pieces october promoted major general assumed command division infantry brigades tragedy struck family january scarlet fever epidemic richmond claimed lives year old daughter year old son james year old week year old son succumbed losses devastating withdrawn personally socially headquarters noted parties drinking poker games returned funeral headquarters social life somber rarely drank devout turned mixed performance spring executed rear guard commander delaying advance army richmond battle seven marched men wrong direction wrong road causing congestion confusion confederate units effect massive confederate counterattack report blamed fellow wounded battle replaced command seven days battles followed late june operational command nearly half lee army brigades drove peninsula performed aggressively new larger command particularly lee army general suffered weak performances peers including jackson unable destroy union_army wrote confidence battle like rock battle world flying pieces lee said staff right hand established lee principal lieutenant second bull run maryland military lee corps commanders characterized representing offensive component lee army typically advocated executed defensive strategies tactics jackson described army hammer august stereotype hold true commanded right wing later known corps jackson commanded jackson started campaign lee orders sweeping flanking maneuver placed corps rear took defensive position effectively invited pope assault august august start second battle bull run second pope jackson remainder army marched north reach battlefield postwar criticism claimed marched men slowly leaving jackson bear fighting days covered roughly miles little hours lee attempt army concentrated faster men arrived midday august lee planned flanking attack union_army concentrating attention jackson suggestions lee urging attack recommending instead reconnaissance force conducted survey ground division brig moved forward troops withdrew having better idea terrain enemy soldiers area day preparations paid artillery major factor helping jackson resist corps attack capitalized federal confusion launching attack anticipating order lee arrived despite smashing victory followed performance battle criticized advocates claiming reluctance attack lee controversial performance come july battle lee biographer wrote seeds disaster instant lee yielded discovered despite criticism following day august finest performances war pope came believe jackson starting retreat took advantage launching massive assault union army left flank men hours like giant hammer actively directing artillery fire sending brigades lee assault came union artillery fire union troops furious defense pope army forced retreat manner similar embarrassing union defeat bull run fought roughly gave credit victory lee describing campaign clever brilliant established strategic model believed ideal use defensive tactics strategic offensive actions final major confederate defensive battles proving grounds development dominant defensive tactics maryland campaign september battle held confederate defensive line union forces twice numerous delaying action corps fought retired join prepared fight defensive battle terrain advantage idea tactical defense vastly superior exposed offense offense dominated time napoleon technological overturned col claims civil war officers truly aware end day civil war lee greeted subordinate saying old war horse october weeks promoted lieutenant general lee arranged promotion dated day earlier jackson making old war horse senior lieutenant general entire army reorganization november command designated corps consisted divisions approximately men december corps played decisive role lee moved early allowed time dig portions line site artillery set kill zone axis advance thought union attack come remembering slaughter construct defensive works ordered trenches constructed set precedent future defensive battles additionally positioned men stone wall foot heights held fourteen assaults union forces union army suffered casualties heights great defensive success based entirely advantage terrain time combination terrain defensive works centralized coordination artillery suffolk early spring suggested lee corps detached sent reinforce challenged roommate west_point possible believed independent command west offered better opportunities advancement corps lee shadow lee divisions corps ordered richmond tennessee movements potentially threatened vital ports mid atlantic coast division started capital mid february followed told command detached divisions april besieged union forces city suffolk virginia minor operation important lee army stationed war devastated central virginia enabled confederate authorities collect huge amounts provisions union control operation caused men corps absent despite lee brilliant victory came criticism claiming marched men suffolk time join lee suffolk scenario brought forward beginnings new confederate strategy events proved manage fewer troops periods time units shifted create windows opportunity theaters advocated strategic movements utilize rail interior lines create temporary numerical advantages mississippi tennessee prior campaign plans death lee met mid discuss options army summer campaign advocated detachment corps sent tennessee justification course action urgent union advancing critical confederate stronghold mississippi_river argued reinforced army defeat drive grant break hold lee opposed division army instead advocated large scale offensive raid pennsylvania memoirs described reaction lee proposal plan wishes announced useless improper offer suggestions leading different course ask policy campaign defensive tactics work force enemy attack good position find country adapted purpose assure grand triumph readily important material general plan written years campaign affected results battle criticism authors letters time reference bargain lee april lee said promise thought thing post battle report lee wrote intended fight general battle distance base attacked enemy army northern virginia reorganized jackson death division commanders promoted lieutenant general assumed command second newly created corps respectively corps gave division reorganization leaving divisions initial movements campaign corps followed spy hired went harrison instrumental warning union_army advancing north meet quickly anticipated prompting lee order immediate concentration army near pennsylvania actions battle centerpiece controversy surrounded century ahead troops arrived battlefield late afternoon day july union corps driven hill town defensive positions lee intended fight army fully concentrated chance questionable decisions brought battle impressive confederate victory meeting lee concerned strength union defensive position advocated strategic movement left flank enemy secure good ground capital presumably union commander attack defensive positions erected instead lee enemy tomorrow attack lee plan july called attack union left flank followed hill attack cemetery ridge near center demonstrated union right ready attack early lee envisioned received permission lee wait brig brigade hood division reach field advanced brigades law marched men quickly arrive noon brigades march column distance attack positions need reach divisions forced long approaching enemy position inadequate reconnaissance failed identify completely concealed route criticism claims ordered lee attack early morning delays significant contributor loss battle lee agreed delays arriving troops issue formal order attack motivations long partisans legacy historians agree aggressively pursue lee orders launch attack early possible biographer wrote deserves performance morning july allowed disagreement lee decision affect conduct commanding general determined enemy duty required comply previously characterized concern detail regard timely information need preparation absent military historians archer jones wrote attack consumed time properly assembling corps assault commence time passed continued troops bring complete concentration achieved numerical superiority left covered campaign historian presents lengthy description approach march described comedy errors expect inexperienced commanders raw militia lee war horse veteran troops called episode dark moment career general historian concluded angry resulted wasted time delay legacy wrote field commander experience caliber march prepare men battle alternative view expressed general expected 2nd day allegations failing exercise duty ordering morning assault impossible commenced attack earlier occurred doubtful confederacy placed attack secure hands general command operation reasonable taking route alerted union army assault regardless controversy preparations assault began pressed assault hood division arrived fierce union resistance largely unsuccessful significant casualties night july follow usual custom meeting lee headquarters discuss day battle claiming ride instead spent night planning movement big round allow attack enemy flank rear despite use scouting parties apparently unaware considerable body troops position block shortly issuing orders attack sunrise joined headquarters lee dismayed turn events commanding general intended attack union left early morning manner similar attack july newly arrived division concert resumed attack lee found ordered division forward rear planning independent operation consulting lee wrote restraint battle report completed early expected plans early morning coordinated attack lee instead ordered coordinate massive assault center union line employing division brigades corps knew assault little chance success union_army position reminiscent taken defeat assault cover mile open ground spend time negotiating fences fire lessons lost lee day memoirs claims told lee believed attack union center fail general soldier life soldiers engaged fights couples squads companies regiments divisions armies know soldiers opinion thousand men arranged battle position artillery barrage preceded infantry assault began assault going cost attempted pass responsibility launching division artillery chief col time came actually order forward nod unable order assault known charge suffered heavy casualties anticipated decisive point confederate loss lee ordered retreat virginia following day criticism war based reputed conduct battle remarks strategies lee excited balance evident afternoon 1st oppression blood shed years war reputation suffered blamed failed attack lee ordered advance repeated advice cancel attack tennessee mid august resumed attempts transferred wrote private letter secretary war requesting transferred serve old friend followed conversations congressional ally senator long considered suitable replacement army increasing pressure outside lee president davis agreed request september logistical efforts confederacy divisions brigade division gun artillery battalion traveled railroads mile route carolinas reach northern georgia entire operation weeks lead elements corps arrived september corps veterans arrived early stages begun unsuccessful attempt army arrival corps met headquarters evening placed command left wing army commanded right september lined brigades deep column narrow attack similar future german tank tactics world war chance mistaken order general caused gap appear union line took additional advantage increase chances success organization attack suited terrain penetrated union line regardless union right collapsed fled field units began retreat panic managed rally retreating units defensive position held position repeated afternoon attacks adequately supported confederate right wing night fell battle thomas able units control failure coordinate right wing cavalry thomas prevented total rout union_army neglected pursue retreating aggressively resulting futile siege greatest confederate victory deserved good portion credit soon clashed leader group senior commanders army removed subordinates long dissatisfied leadership personality arrival senior lieutenant general army officers added credibility earlier claims catalyst action wrote convinced hand god save help long present commander situation grave president davis forced person followed bizarre scenes war sitting red faced procession commanders condemned stated incompetent manage army men fight knew business davis sided resolve conflict retained position relieving generals testified reducing command units brought virginia despite dysfunctional command climate lack support president davis concerning removal best continue seek options resigned army siege union_army cumberland devised strategy prevent reinforcement lifting siege grant knew union reaction underway nearest alabama portions union corps soon arrive sending artillery commander union occupied town devised plan shift away siege setting logistical support rome georgia possibly catching arriving union troops position plan received approved president davis disapproved objected significant logistical challenges posed accepted arguments agreed plan men dispatched deal advance selected assignment partially intended men return lee army movement direction criticized slow pace advance november troops began nickname peter slow describe evaded battle campbell station settled city besieged unsuccessfully failed bring confederate breakthrough defeated grant november ordered join forces northern georgia began virginia soon pursued early december armies went winter quarters corps rejoined spring real effect minor campaign troops needed second independent command suffolk failure self confidence damaged reacted failure campaign blaming relieved command requested court martial brig submitted letter resignation december request relieved denied corps suffered severe winter inadequate shelter provisions writing georgia january noted army crews cavalry brigade alike excessive need shoes clothing kinds blankets send received developed strategic plans called offensive tennessee kentucky command bolstered men lee unable convince president davis newly appointed military advisor wilderness finding old friend command union_army told fellow officers fight day hour end war helped save defeat battle lee army launched powerful flanking attack nearly drove field developed innovative tactics deal difficult terrain ordering advance brigades heavy skirmish lines allowed men deliver continuous fire enemy proving elusive targets wilderness historian attributed success army display tactical genius numerical strength war commander day said flanking maneuver rolled like wet blanket wounded assault accidentally shot men miles away place jackson suffered fate year earlier bullet passed shoulder nerves tearing throat riding shot died wounds momentum attack subsided taken field urged lee press attack instead lee delayed movement units realigned giving union defenders adequate time subsequent attack failure called removal critical battle believed fall panic fairly underway extended resulted grant forced retreat missed rest spring summer campaign lee missed skill handling army treated virginia georgia niece emma eve daughter brother gilbert participated funeral service joining arkansas casting earth coffin rejoined lee october right arm paralyzed initially unable ride horse taught write left hand periodically pulling arm advised doctors able regain use right hand later years remainder siege commanded defenses capital richmond including forces north retreated lee commanding corps following death april lee considered surrender advised belief grant treat fairly lee rode house april said general good terms come let fight post life war family settled new_orleans location popular number confederate generals entered cotton partnership president newly created marine actively sought presidency mobile unsuccessful failed attempt investors proposed railroad new_orleans mexico named president newly organized applied pardon president endorsed old friend johnson refused telling meeting persons south receive amnesty davis general lee given union cause trouble regardless opposition united_states congress restored rights citizenship june senior confederate officer join republican_party reconstruction endorsed grant president attended inauguration ceremonies days later received appointment surveyor customs new_orleans acts lost favor white old friend wrote newspaper local community unlike moved south referred hill wrote native worse republican governor louisiana appointed adjutant general state militia major general command militia state police forces new_orleans protests election irregularities referred armed force members advanced commanded force city policemen african american militia troops armed guns battery artillery rode meet protesters pulled horse shot spent bullet taken prisoner charged causing men flee surrender casualties killed wounded federal troops required restore order use black troops disturbances increased family left new_orleans concerns health safety returning georgia time given birth children lived adulthood applied jobs administration briefly considered secretary navy served briefly deputy collector internal revenue appointed ambassador ottoman_empire later served presidents commissioner railroads succeeding frequent return trips new_orleans business converted catholicism devout believer death served marshal return democratic administration ended political careers went acre farm near raised planted ground neighbors referred jokingly devastating fire april 24th anniversary lee surrender destroyed house personal possessions including personal civil war documents memorabilia december died remarried ceremony governor mansion atlanta age children reacted poorly marriage helen devoted wife avid supporter legacy death years dying death bearing criticism war record decades refuted arguments memoirs entitled labor years published final years marked poor health partial suffered severe unable stand minutes time weight diminished pounds january cancer developed right eye december ray therapy chicago treat contracted pneumonia died days birthday remains buried detractors general officers civil war live 20th century legacy criticism authors movement attacked war career years death maintains reconstructed rebel embraced equal rights blacks unification nation reconstruction target wanted maintain racist policies accept verdict battlefield attacks formally began january anniversary birth years lee death early speech lee failure falsely accused attacking late second day responsible following year lee artillery chief claimed venue explicit order attack sunrise july allegations failed challenge lies publicly delay damaging reputation mythology taken hold common opinion time 20th century kept criticism foremost civil war scholarship biography lee virginia novelist noted severe criticism 1950s 1960s death second wife helen privately published lee high tide defense stated south taught believe wholly outcome publication novel killer angels based memoirs followed film adaptation credited helping restore reputation general dramatically raise public visibility work god general provided upgrading attack lee virginia wrote finest corps commander fact arguably best corps commander conflict wrote critics conceded best staff employed commander facto chief staff lieutenant colonel best staff officer confederacy cited effective way delegated responsibilities control battlefield movements staff able communicate effectively battles confederate generals war remembered numerous places bear georgia including portion route crosses later form lake local monuments erected dedicated tribute equestrian statue sculptor shown riding depiction favorite horse hero ground level grove trees unlike generals elevated tall bases overlooking battlefield organization museum dedicated celebration study life career educational project aimed public awareness military public service house tennessee occupied winter converted open public popular culture plays prominent role winning novel killer angels portrayed film based prequel gods generals portrayed onstage world premiere killer angels chicago character number prominent alternate history novels series volume remain appears character row row length act play american playwright action play takes place evening enactment plays battle parts play action moves moments leading charge play ends addressing future wonders form perfect union | James Longstreet | Warfare | Military people | Military people (G –M) |
24280_ThomasHinde | doctor july september physician member british_royal_navy personal physician treated general died quebec canada overview patriarch family united_states children grandchildren descendants prominent historical figures youngest son notable methodist minister businessman grandson shipping magnate grandson branches family held elected office positions leadership methodist church personal physician played critical role american revolutionary war smallpox treatment wounded soldiers service received large land grant kentucky moved family northern kentucky physician memorial erected kentucky honor services state died aged unusually old time according famous medical doctor medical historian wrote line life life described like romance called patriarch american medical profession early life born england july received classical education completing studies sent london england study medicine studied physics surgery saint thomas hospital london age nineteen presented licence shortly commissioned mate royal_navy sailed america forces commanded general landing new_york june spent time halifax spent winter halifax assisted reduction attached ship bore commander chief general way quebec died arms battle quebec seven years war according source relationship experiences quebec experiences life painting death shows feeling pulse wounded oil canvas enlightenment period painted nearly identical painting scene king george iii death remained present reduction bell isle shortly promoted remained physician warship peace eventually resigned commission currently collection art collection university_of_michigan quebec fall quebec returned briefly england peace france reached returned virginia settled formed close friendship unnamed persuaded settle place called hole virginia practice medicine source states aged physician virginia wrote mentor asking send young physician assist practice reportedly choose advised avail situation offered accepted moved soon settle newton west_virginia met wife wedding moved settled virginia physician settled virginia acquainted founding fathers united_states lord years later married settled near henry family physician association henry settlement virginia helped acquainted leading members society period met found possess great flow animal spirits humor gay lively inner temperament disposition strong powers mind time active couple married september according biography written henry political principles strong impression shifted staunch royalist republican took active american revolutionary war serving surgeon patrick campaigns battles time gunpowder incident chief surgeon involvement turning point led embrace cause oppressed colonies lord english royalty gunpowder incident conflict early american revolutionary war lord royal governor colony virginia militia led henry originally planned line post henry regiment henry elected governor instead appointed members continental service insufficient funds continental army forced cover costs seriously impaired private fortune source states limbs war cart load war continued live years primarily practicing medicine military land grant american revolutionary war moved family virginia kentucky having received large land grant services war source describes land grant follows close war having drawn salary great skill surgeon having settling accounts presented land warrant located lands selected kentucky leaving blank warrant number acres filled blank filled thousand placed hands select locate lands undisclosed reasons henry unable complete land grant surveying difficulties nephew kentucky find location complete transaction gave taylor half lands service land kentucky winchester lexington conversion early years england member church_of_england abandoned church adult biographer stated time took pride pleasure christianity later years religious views underwent radical change methodist ministers arrived neighborhood began convert people daughters converted causing distress family banished home went live aunt miles away failed aunt converted wife converted soon convinced disorder heads treated medical procedures day plaster length spine left days drake states measure violence hoped deter attendance places public worship procedures painful wife stated punishment happy life later felt guilt having banished daughter performed medical operations wife converted daughter returned home wife began attending methodist gatherings regularly daughters married traveling daughter converted end life devout methodist according account time taking morning walk met relative marriage said good morning doctor going going heaven going general general time doubts road led country reply hoped found way life left world grandchildren states built little houses sticks wood pray grandchildren called prayer houses heard praying considerable distance family married daughter english merchant married years children lived adulthood daughter married july newport kentucky family members newport kentucky sons illinois respected methodist minister grandson captain successful businessman captain charles principal investors hotel del san_diego california inspired great grandson build illinois later life lived daughter newport kentucky | Thomas Hinde | Warfare | Military people | Military people (G –M) |
24349_JanMazurkiewicz | august warsaw polish soldier veteran world war colonel polish anti nazi resistance world war main commanders led polish best armed trained units uprising war persecuted soviet led communist authorities kept years pre trial jail tortured sentenced life despite fact tried cooperate new regime end period active official veterans organization eventually promoted rank general died shortly fall communism eastern_europe early life world war born family father died fire spent childhood attended gymnasium member polish world war private brigade fought july wounded taken russian captivity soon escaped rejoined unit took unit commander serving general second polish republic interwar period second polish republic promoted rank captain left active service right outbreak world war served instructor taught military tactics future company commanders world war august assigned polish general staff involved counter intelligence nazi_germany particularly imminent collapse polish defenses mid september following plans outbreak war organized tow underground group dedicated resisting german occupation paris met general polish prime minister exile officially sanctioned formation tow hungary subsequently organized cell purpose serve transit point soldiers traveling occupied poland france returned poland june march tow officially merged diversion group general anti nazi organization charged carrying sabotage propaganda intelligence gathering direct action germans second command head general august august outbreak warsaw uprising shortly outbreak commander force largest best trained equipped polish units uprising initiation uprising unit seized major portions suburbs subsequently defended german attacks carried troops command battalions group liberated concentration camp located warsaw freed prisoners mainly jews joined unit fought way warsaw old town borough defense impossible areas troops recaptured insurgents civilians prisoners war murdered massacre despite severely wounded head leg escape short stay hospital charge led unsuccessful attempt early september evacuate city center warsaw overrun german troops failed group managed way suburb tried contact soviet command stationed right bank help forthcoming soviet controlled poles unit way warsaw center resistance warsaw late september remains group including battalions fought surrender polish forces october shortly order signed officially promoted rank colonel general commander uprising according capitulation agreement soldiers treated regular civilians warsaw evacuated disbanded unit wife anna member escaped city posing civilian communist poland arrested polish communist secret police decided cooperate communist authorities order protect members resistance called soldiers joined anti communist underground lay arms accordance wrote letter head complaining continued persecution soldiers arrested year pre trial confinement interrogated tortured beaten teeth hair forcibly pulled eventually sentenced life imprisonment trial prosecutor submitted false confession allegedly defense witnesses allowed appear remained imprisoned amnesty eventually active organizations sought protect veterans anti nazi resistance served vice president polish veterans association brief associated solidarity period promoted rank general died year half postwar non communist government elected poland buried military cemetery honors awards previously awarded times | Jan Mazurkiewicz | Warfare | Military people | Military people (G –M) |
24452_ClarenceJeffries | smith october october australian recipient victoria_cross highest decoration gallantry face enemy awarded members british commonwealth armed forces posthumously decorated victoria_cross following actions world war led parties men attack capture machine guns prisoners killed machine gun fire born suburb newcastle new south wales employed surveyor mining company father served general manager following completion school joining militia battalion commissioned second lieutenant outbreak war tasked instruction volunteers newly raised transferring embarked battalion service western wounded promoted captain killed fourteen days short birthday early life born newcastle suburb new south wales october child manager wife barbara née steel attended moving newcastle collegiate high schools mining surveyor state northern father general manager noted cricketer keen took particular interest breeding july joined 14th infantry regiment private compulsory training scheme promoted sergeant year later world war following outbreak world war commissioned second lieutenant august time charge survey department home defence duties instruction volunteers newly raised newcastle liverpool camps promoted lieutenant july transferred february substantive rank second lieutenant placed command 34th battalion battalion embarked sydney united_kingdom aboard arriving late june battalion spent months training england time promoted lieutenant late november shipped france service western initially posted sector belgium battalion participate major battle june took british dominion operations switched sector belgium engagement received bullet wound thigh leading reconnaissance patrol evacuated london promoted captain june rejoining battalion september company commander victoria_cross october member 9th brigade attack belgium subject days heavy rain battlefield transformed marsh attack commence commanded company attack halted entrance railway cutting direction tapes leading starting position destroyed mud avoid battalion company commanders captain pushed far cemetery find tapes marking battalions starting line attack formed line attack designated time british opened artillery barrage german positions australian forces entered man land attack heavy machine gun fire assaulted troops directions ground avoid sinking mud resistance encountered strong point east centre highest ridge position consisted supported metres trench occupied approximately thirty men machine guns fire machine guns forced men 34th battalion seek cover exposed crest threatened halt entire advance realising force suffering heavy casualties quickly organised bombing party fourteen men set accompanying year old scottish born worked father according popular legend bruce promised look boss son remained attack working position party attacked rear capturing machine guns thirty prisoners reviving advance led company forward heavy artillery machine gun fire reach objective despite heavy losses left holes allied line decided stage advance ahead parties 34th headed south eastern edge ridge outskirts immediately came heavy fire close railway embankment time major senior brigade officer advance party fell dead leaving assume control gathering party men set machine gun position open ground party attacked position west machine gun firing north realising attack imminent machine gunner switched mortally wounding stomach sending rest party ground fire eased remaining members group worked position rushed seized machine guns conjunction thirty prisoners second objective partially captured remnants battered artillery machine gun fire forced relinquish position retreat lines remained ridge dead wounded later counted known grave legacy actions battle awarded posthumous victoria_cross published london gazette december citation read 18th december majesty king pleased approve award victoria_cross officers officers man late australian conspicuous bravery attack company held enemy machine gun fire concrete organising party rushed capturing machine guns thirty prisoners led company forward extremely heavy enemy artillery barrage machine gun fire objective later organised successful attack machine gun capturing machine guns thirty prisoners officer killed attack entirely bravery initiative centre attack held lengthy period example inspiring influence severely affected unknown fate son body set belgium attempt discover son lost grave returned australia disappointed learn january body battlefield grave september buried body identified set captain australian initials found ground sheet body wrapped years later returned belgium time pay respects son debt gratitude late lieutenant sergeant assisted killed july employed bruce eldest sons mining following campaign citizens smith memorial park established bequeathed son medals newcastle currently display commemorated photographic portraits memorial carved chair presented uncle aunt opened governor new south wales sir honour school pupils decorated victoria_cross world war pair commemorated smith memorial wall located grounds newcastle unveiled official ceremony april named honour | Clarence Jeffries | Warfare | Military people | Military people (G –M) |
24649_IwaneMatsui | july december general commander expeditionary force sent china convicted war crimes executed allies involvement massacre born chose military career served combat russo japanese war volunteered overseas assignment shortly graduating rose ranks earned reputation foremost expert china ardent advocate pan played key role founding influential retired active duty called service august start second sino japanese war lead japanese forces engaged winning battle succeeded convincing japan high command advance chinese capital city troops command captured december responsible notorious massacre finally retired army following japan defeat world war convicted war crimes far_east executed hanging convicted war criminals shrine act stirred controversy early life military career born july sixth son impoverished completing elementary school parents insisted continue education worried father debts want burden financially short thin young man opted career army japan time military schools charged lowest tuition fees enrolled accepted excellent student graduated second class november classmates included future generals admitted elite institution accepted percent annual applicants taking classes february college closed outbreak russo japanese war immediately sent overseas served company commander combat unit wounded action company killed war end resumed studies graduated class november china expert lifelong interest chinese civilization father scholar chinese classics studied chinese language military education admirer recently deceased continental pan army officer hometown served china believed china japan strongest powers asia forge close trading commercial partnership japanese resist western idea incorporated graduating immediately requested stationed china officer request posting china considered undesirable time stated ambition second army general staff gave assignment france got wish china worked aide military intelligence work worked china resident officer shanghai posted siberia staff officer returned china served advisor city intelligence work japan extensive experience china recognized important china experts known army love things chinese hobby writing chinese poetry work took china came know prominent chinese soldiers politicians formed especially warm friendship president young chinese soldier named wanted study abroad helped find place stay japan head intelligence quickly rose ranks promoted rank major general serve influential post chief china expert appointed position major influence determining japan foreign policies china chief strong supporter attempting end civil war china unify country leadership hoped succeed form strong partnership japan resist western influence asia communism tenure office punctuated series crises advice japanese government sent troops chinese city protect japanese property civilians ended headed help settle affair japanese army officers assassinated leader supporter immediately left find happened demanded officers responsible assassination punished december left post chief order official year long trip europe interested france china spoke fluent french work france french pan asian vision sino japanese relations september invaded time japan commanding end year sent geneva switzerland attend army condemned invasion work army officers equally believed unfair japan chinese delegates suspected western powers deliberately attempting provoke conflict japan china believed million relieved japanese invasion conquest called empire sympathy good faith solution larger regional problem nations asia create asian league extend million people china help deep sympathy given returning japan late abruptly appeared office tokyo based think tank presented members bold plan expand small organization international mass movement persuaded adopt ideas march study group described historian single influential organization pan goal promote unification liberation independence asian peoples use organization powerful vehicle promote concept japan abroad writings published association widely read japan political military august dispatched taiwan command october promoted rank general highest rank taiwan took opportunity set branch declared honorary advisor returned japan august seat japan sino japanese relations continued deteriorate gradually nationalist government government strongly promoted serving chief issue official bulletin denounced china leaders having sold country china betrayed asia allegedly pro western attitudes time group army general staff led general advocating japan use military force overthrow career came abrupt end august member called control faction assassinated member rival point fed ruthless divided decided responsibility scandal resign active duty army general reserves time pursue pan asian project october december toured major cities china speaking chinese politicians businessmen pan setting new branch return japan december president february march amid ongoing tension china second trip china time government sponsored goodwill tour met personally found little common ground united anti communism came meeting believing joint anti communism basis sino japanese cooperation future december following incident agreed join resist japan viewed personal betrayal war china july following polo bridge incident scale war broke japan china initially limited northern china fighting spread august shanghai japanese government decided send divisions reinforcements drive shanghai organized sea shortage active duty generals army general staff opted pull reserves lead new army august officially appointed commander sea reason selected entirely clear reputation china expert likely major factor historian argues time army general staff hoping seek settlement china shanghai secured japan close friendships china leaders seen ideal candidate conduct negotiations declared mission chinese people recognize japanese troops real friends china likewise stated going fight enemy state mind sets brother old acquaintances remarked new_york_times friendship war china japan sailing adopted plan drawn divide sea landing sites north shanghai use force attack shanghai directly force august oversaw landing operation aboard flagship initial landings went increasingly intense fighting ensued land casualties mounted believed given soldiers handle job continuously pressing high command reinforcements able ashore shanghai september day army general staff informed additional divisions deployed command new troops proved insufficient chinese mistakenly judged beginning october withdraw shanghai ordered concentrated infantry charges chinese positions expectation campaign wrapped november fact sea chinese defensive lines point turning point campaign come november entirely new army 10th army led landed south shanghai forced hasty retreat battle won cost japanese dead fighting took toll chinese civilians height battle took special interest plight chinese refugees october ordered improvements living conditions chinese refugee camps later large personal donation french humanitarian father help establishing safety zone chinese civilians shanghai road november appointed commander new position created provide unified leadership sea 10th army continued command sea prince appointed december nonetheless army general staff keen keeping war contained possible time created laid operation restriction line forbidding leaving vicinity shanghai clear superiors left japan august determined capture capital city china lay kilometers west shanghai asserted war china end control envisaged fall result total collapse government fall hoped play role forming new government china according conception democracy better serve interests japan people china historian sees personal motives insistence capturing suspects aging general relatively military record desperately wanted crown career battlefield victory like capture chinese capital ultimately november abruptly crossed operation restriction line began advancing response act claimed effort insisted high command marching right course action december army general staff finally came approved operation japan units field way gotten way understood troops tired fighting shanghai decided advance slowly aim securing city months subordinates refused play instead raced revised plans discovering armies ahead scheduled operational targets argued unable men command elderly general pulled retirement younger subordinates little respect orders assumed reserves shortly way command problems complicated fact december december frequently bouts malaria shown symptoms november ill forced press duties issuing orders december moved command post shanghai order closer december ordered summons surrender dropped airplane respond day approved attack city suffered significant casualties fighting mountainous terrain north city forbidden men artillery prevent damage coming famous historical sites chinese garrison defending collapsed pressure japanese attack days instead formally surrendering chinese soldiers simply threw away uniforms weapons merged city civilian population japanese occupied night december japanese soldiers city prisoners war engaged random acts murder looting rape collectively known massacre massacre staff officers especially intent ensuring property citizens party nations harmed order avoid causing international incident possibility troops orders entering poorly disciplined possibility lengthy entitled assaulting comprehensive operational orders passed units december instructed divisions allow regiments city order reduce contact chinese civilians reminded subordinates criminal acts like looting arson severely punished court martial december taking note looting incidents wrote truth acts ultimately orders buildings civilian homes outside burned japanese shelter subordinate commanders decided choice station men city instructions said treatment chinese inadvertently contribute major way demanded december entrance scheduled early date december time subordinates objected process chinese soldiers hiding city facilities hold regardless held firm cases men responded ordering prisoners executed immediately capture large scale took place occurred days immediately prior entrance city december spent day recovering malaria hot springs east day rode head large victory parade clear extent aware atrocities chief staff sea later testified informed cases outrage shortly entering city field diary mentions told japanese troops committed acts rape looting commented field diary truth acts representative came investigate matter admitted crimes occurred blamed subordinate commanders allowing soldiers city violation orders war aide camp claimed long capture caught wind plan subordinates massacre chinese hearing immediately stop researchers discovered testimony contained large number left december returned shanghai reports incidents japanese soldiers continued filter headquarters following month returned february day tour assembled subordinates including prince failing prevent number incidents past days final days china capture led surrender predicted war china continued began planning new military operations places like soon returned shanghai big task occupying time january february plan establish new chinese government bound determined press forward ambition found new regime rival nationalist government finish job leaving office eventually come march leaders japan showed interest plan create new government china repeatedly refused approve new military campaigns command beginning february contemplating suicide protest lack enthusiasm movement army general staff removed post reports atrocities reached japanese government army general staff blamed crisis causing japan international embarrassment wanted court japanese government planning dismissing solely massacre displeased anti western statements commander including comment recognize neutrality foreign concessions shanghai army general staff concerned severe personality conflicts subordinate commanders interfering chain command army minister told general inability subordinates coordinate cooperate reason removed february received messenger army general staff informed disappointment soon relieved command replaced ultimately army general staff punish shake field command china eighty senior officers including recalled time life retirement sailed shanghai february landed japan february time place return japan kept secret military reporters quickly caught wind return soon greeted went cheering crowds later year bought new home spend winters living summers living old house lake spite retiring military hoped job china working japanese sponsored government ultimately instead accepted position cabinet councillor advisory post june continued serve capacity january resigned protest prime minister opposition alliance nazi_germany commissioned construction statue mercy special temple built named means consecrated honor japanese chinese soldiers perished second sino japanese war time newspaper new_york_times praised act noting western generals devoted declining years memory men died battles henceforth single day spent rest life pray early morning evening time remained active pan asian movement reorganized times point cease serve president vice president organization following japan entrance world war december strongly advocated japan grant independence new territories occupied war form alliance asian states combat june august undertook tour asia including china singapore thailand burma malaysia indonesia philippines order promote ideas met china head singapore caused diplomatic incident nominally french colonial rule delivered speech demanding granted independence efforts played key role creation consolidation culmination lifelong vision united west addition served war president anti western anti semitic organization founded february support japanese war effort allies bore philippines declared radio japan withdraw philippines tokyo reduced ashes soon stated plans speak lecture meeting august opposing surrender august home heard emperor announce japan surrendered allies allied occupation japan began soon november supreme commander issued arrest warrant suspicion war crimes ill pneumonia time given march recover final acts going prison ask wife adopt longtime maid daughter converted buddhism asked wife march checked prison trial tokyo april individuals formally indicted far_east tribunal established try japanese war criminals prosecution charged class war crimes crimes peace alleging participated conspiracy wage aggressive war countries class war crimes conventional war crimes alleging responsible massacre told friends going prison planned defend japan wartime conduct insisted japan acted defensively aggression foreign powers japan war aims liberate asia western concerning origins second sino japanese war called fight brothers asian family stated war fought chinese hate contrary love family elder brother taken stand ill behaved younger brother order behave properly matter massacre admitted aware isolated crimes committed individual soldiers including acts rape looting murder denied large scale occurred city admitted bore moral responsibility wrongdoing men denied bore legal responsibility claimed military police division charge individual criminal acts army commander testified urged offenders punished statement prosecution quickly noted implied level legal responsibility ultimately dismissed accusations laid thirty counts charged found guilty thirty seven including charges relating class war crimes judges rejected membership evidence involved conspiracy wage wars aggression nonetheless role massacre convicted sentenced death count charging defendants having deliberately disregarded legal duty adequate steps secure prevent laws war delivered following verdict november tribunal satisfied knew happening effective issue orders capture city conduct troops later issued orders orders effect known known command army responsible knew power duty control troops protect unfortunate citizens held responsible failure discharge duty notes verdict represents earliest command responsibility history international law shortly hearing verdict prison chaplain feelings atrocities delivered subordinates february blamed atrocities alleged moral decline russo japanese war said incident terrible disgrace immediately memorial services assembled higher officers tears anger commander chief told efforts enhance imperial prestige lost moment soldiers imagine officers laughed happy ended way sense serve urge self reflection members military time night december met fellow condemned inmates prison chapel oldest member group asked lead shouting cheers emperor led group hanged simultaneously shortly midnight morning december soon executed cremated army took away ashes prevent memorial created unbeknownst ashes hidden owner later brought ashes shrine founded remain day seven war criminals executed including officially shrine secret ceremony conducted head priest event publicly known following year assessments perception japan majority historical literature life focuses role massacre depict tragic general executed detractors assert blood massacre hands detractors historian believes mistakes contributed massacre insisted advancing ensuring proper logistical support forced men rely second established policies protect safety chinese permitted excessively large number soldiers enter city fourth cooperate sufficiently fifth insisted entrance held early date demand subordinate commanders responded increasing speed severity operations finally spent time political maneuvering neglected duties commander historian researcher likewise find bears responsibility urging government march led directly massacre place policies protect chinese ordered premature entrance city historians like argued death sentence severe penalty crime mere failing stop massacre journalist points penalty severe compared convicted defendants found guilty counts found guilty counts cases including count given prison sentences contrast found guilty count sentenced death historian argues prosecution attempt seriously investigate involved massacre instead decided sole somewhat infamous reputation china today popular author asserts heard referred hitler japan chinese citizens travels city connection massacre notorious china reason denounced war criminal propaganda work group massacre historian notes focus current scholarship role massacre distracted fact pan defining characteristic life writings english dispute far_east geneva tokyo office greater asia association | Iwane Matsui | Warfare | Military people | Military people (G –M) |
24690_MalcolmMercer | major general september june canadian general art patron practiced law toronto led years world war killed action mount belgium experienced militia commander demonstrated great flair training organising raw canadian recruits opening months war demonstrated courage fire visiting lines numerous occasions height battle personally directing forces face poison gas attacks heavy remains senior canadian officer die combat unfortunate killed opening engagement largest battle career trapped line reconnaissance overrun subsequent german attack division created trained remained best units canadian army successor remembered men command attended funeral aftermath early years born september small town west toronto ontario canada children thomas raised childhood educated local schools worked family farm study philosophy graduated turned attention law called bar years later established practice toronto partners forming highly successful firm managed married children reportedly quiet avoided publicity moved little society legal practice preferred clients court years law substantial income support arts amassed large art collection including pieces close friend admirer art collection auctioned found contain selection art sculpture antique furniture globe keen amateur painter excellent represented canada shooting contests home britain military service greatest passion reserved canadian militia joined student posted queen rifles canada private soldier devoted time energy unit excellent soldier rate shot rose steadily ranks militia officer captain major led company marie calm riot striking dock workers deployment promoted regiment aide camp defence minister military tour europe inspected german army hand convinced war imminent outbreak world war august immediately called hughes establish build ordered regiment near august worked law office arriving time barracks uniform days promoted command 1st consisted battalions recruited ontario men dispersed intended spread experience morale raw recruits end september months training brigade departed day sea voyage britain installment arrival plymouth british officer took overall command canadian contingent known camp oversaw training organising ready fighting belgium northern france performed task inspection camp november king george lord roberts lord drew compliment finer physique british_army fine brigade splendid fellow expeditionary force commanded similar training camps officers prepared men departure france february second battle dispatched western initially deployed near belgian town april men embroiled second battle german attack french lines caused massive casualties use poison gas brigade fed battle reinforcements poorly coordinated staff officers confused bloody encounter canadian forces held germans despite forced wrap soaked faces counteract gas day men directed attack named operation failed french troops ordered support canadian line arrive travelled line witness battle came fire time retiring order french officers intended support canadian contingent took heavy casualties battle subsequently canadian courage action year involved fighting assaulting german lines unsuccessful battles aftermath engagements reorganised consisting divisions led turner overall command british lieutenant general detached brigade placed charge coordinating mass small independent canadian units steadily arriving canada autumn able shape force included cavalry regiments british indian artillery effective infantry unit january confirmed command disparate force death mount early june posted trenches belgian town new commander corps positions german held rise named noted canadian troops overlooked german positions constant danger enemy fire germans digging new trenches implied assault intended ordered reconnaissance line draw plan overrun dangerous german positions local attack complied june conducting standard inspection line canadian trenches shortly arrived trenches massive german artillery bombardment began heavy calibre shells destroying trenches killing canadian soldiers trapped stunned huge shell burst wounded staff officers battalion badly wounded officers transported underground field hospital left wounded aide captain present hospital buried explosion mines preceded large scale german attack confused situation attempted escape advancing enemy inadvertently ran leg broken bullet sheltered continued artillery bombardment battered trench suffering effects wounds june stage battle artillery duel begun armies mixed trapped approximately shell exploded trench hiding wounding killing instantly wounds heart stayed commanding officer body captured advancing german troops buried general corpse shallow grave request buried field hospital captured advancing germans result knew general whereabouts day returned allied lines staff officer later claimed shell killed british origin unclear conclusion reached captured general assumed command battle use bombardment able retake lost trenches drive germans despite heavy casualties june canadian burial party found bodies sector trench general remains uniform decoration buried military grave military cemetery later commonwealth war grave funeral attended men division old regiments numerous canadian british officers worked alongside posthumously mentioned dispatches courage fire time mentioned division taken killed action years later remembered efficient capable got opportunity demonstrate tactical shown training exercises remains highest ranking canadian officer killed combat legacy toronto originally built named active following armistice germany steps taken create new toronto accommodate returning soldiers looking join including new lodge west toronto junction neighbourhood toronto instituted named general honour general remains active day meeting temple west toronto attended lodge prior war | Malcolm Mercer | Warfare | Military people | Military people (G –M) |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.