id
stringlengths 8
90
| text
stringlengths 528
58.1k
| page_name
stringlengths 2
99
| topic
stringclasses 15
values | subtopic
stringclasses 45
values | subjects_top_term
stringclasses 279
values |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
6265_TịnhXáTrungTâm | buddhist temple largest city vietnam founded spiritual birthplace tradition vietnamese buddhism attempts recreate original tradition buddhist walking begging temple located street known weekly ritual retreat staged frequently institutions city reputation followers discipline attendees temple typically years age overwhelmingly female temple set plot square metres construction took years initially complex comprised halls compounds buildings temple headquarters vietnamese association octagonal story tower named gem tower built tower lit night visible surrounding area floors form library relics inner walls halls temple adorned relief carvings paintings depicting important events life courtyard stands statue history founding patriarch tradition born peasant family village founded tradition correct buddhism vietnam came motto tradition disappeared followers continued expand went open buildings development temple set plot square metres construction building began april took years plot land donated buddhist named initially complex comprised main ceremonial hall patriarch hall compounds set solitary religious practice temple headquarters november abbot organised expansion involved erection compound included main ceremonial hall compound built octagonal shape planned architect tower compound metres tall octagonal sides length metres temple miniature levels represent realms existence tower constructed wood depicted exterior walls paintings depict events life including birth enlightenment talk deer park entering parts wall display quotes written vietnamese entire artwork tower work group artists artwork created main lecture hall ground floor wooden benches house people large statue patriarch stands hall wall paintings table platform speaking monk sit giving talk main ceremonial hall second level statue hall carved wood metres tall enclosed glass case level statue depicting birth prince depicts traditional account prince taking seven steps resulted seven spontaneously followed pointing sky index finger declaring life internal wall temple murals life metres high carved wall chambers second floor hall patriarch founder vietnamese monastery typically commemorated case left remains begging bowl present protected glass enclosure bowl smaller usual dark orange colour objects glass enclosure statues main hall lie central symmetry axis building angle pointing statue patriarch chamber centre statue instead depicted typical staff rings representing realms existence shown wish granting gem photos deceased monks extreme left right photographs names deceased lay ashes stored altar courtyard temple statue stands metres lotus seat metres high unusually high statue outdoor courtyard temples southern vietnam temple headquarters organization octagonal story tower named gem tower built tree metres high symbolic lit night visible surrounding area floors form library relics levels ashes monks left gate run lay disciples temple unlike buddhist institutions publications generally free outlet offers journals published government run buddhist media material written vietnamese monks translations canonical texts works internationally renowned buddhist scholars recordings talks vietnamese monks sells images statues medical clinic named dynasty monk medicine famed attending impoverished compiling known book vietnamese medicine case medical named honour services complimentary outlet sect active medical facility triple gate accessible pedestrians vehicles wheeled vehicles pedestrians use left right wings respectively cars buses trucks use central wing gates represent middle view decorated sculptures prominent symbols buddhism left hand grounds tree symbol enlightenment tree located concrete lotus wheel shaped signs represent noble path signs text explain paths aside tower complexes reception office administrative block monastic quarters meditation halls kitchen complex lay supporters prepare meals monks visitors monastic quarters meditation hall open provide accommodation hundreds monks large capacity utilised retreat commemorates events life rainy season came fourth seventh lunar months result monks time stayed place practice travel place place buddhist temples rapid urban city disturbed existed constructed area surrounding noisy neighborhood prominent sources disturbances karaoke bar located alley leading temple neighbourhood use monastery grounds sign erected indicating ladies gentlemen follow route circle tower clockwise direction path usually taken act devotion response growing noise sign placed gate remind visitors non says pushed yard engines turned policy locking halls use enacted prevent homeless people camping stray dogs adopted home rituals fed vegetarian food begging allowed inside monastery grounds allowed outside camp handicapped people regular presence social outreach monastery runs fundraising program operations city receives wide support public suspicion charities affiliated ruling communist_party government communists strong reputation rampant corruption following fall communist takeover religious bodies required registered loyal party complied schools state sanctioned vietnamese buddhist congregation temple fly national flag government material symbols display letters charity initiatives demographics activities lay attendees predominantly female ratio temple younger lay disciples relatives regular older attendees addition local residents bulk disciples parts vietnam overseas vietnamese temporarily country according american professor vietnamese history religion survey income fear embarrassing average income able devote considerable time organized religious activity instead working longer hours regular occurrence temple weekly ritual participants additional vows apart stay temple hour period vows prohibit makeup jewellery use comfortable beds chairs eating retreat day meals taken silence talking avoided apart talks chanting religious debate meditation routine holds ritual institution city frequent temple holds retreat weeks talks held weekly resident monks generally frequent places city disciples monks temple told chose regarded higher level discipline scholarship institution monks transported disciples forbidden drive founder supporter freeing birds act compassion continued monks lay people believed spoken grounds demand birds ceremonies merely prompt people capture place according scholar temple incorporated aspects traditions style practice architecture felt modest wooden statue reminiscent architecture statues distinctly figures absent teachings monk interviewed said temple interpretation buddhism aspects like tree needs roots trunk branches leaves survive missing added teaching practice symbol independent origin determined | Tịnh Xá Trung Tâm | Art and architecture | Architecture | Architecture – Religious |
6962_JamaMasjid,Delhi | delhi persian world reflecting commonly known hindi delhi largest india built emperor cost million inaugurated present day mosque completed great gates towers high constructed strips red sandstone white marble courtyard accommodate persons terrace surrounded floor total black borders marked architectural plan built son pakistan similar mosque site attacks explosions occurred mosque injuring thirteen people second students injured gunmen opened fire history emperor built constructed workers originally called meaning mosque commanding view world construction supervision prime minister rule cost construction time million built stands opposite completed mosque inaugurated july invitation people pray courtyard time regarded india largest mosque mosque commonly called means friday british victory revolt confiscated mosque stationed soldiers wanted destroy mosque punish people city opposition faced demolition architecture mosque great gates towers high constructed strips red sandstone white marble northern gate steps southern steps eastern gate rural entrance steps eastern emperors remains closed mosque built red sandstone porch feet ground level spreads square metre dome flanked feet high consists steps striped marble red sandstone consists storeys protruding balcony adjoining filled storeys red sandstone fourth marble fifth sandstone courtyard accommodate occupies square feet mosque feet long feet wide prayer hall measures metre length metre breadth high arches marble cabinet located north gate collection relics muhammad written red beard hair prophet marble block floor plan mosque similar covered white black marble look like muslim prayer mat thin black border measuring feet long feet wide marked total boxes architecture plan built son closely related mosque revolt near southern end mosque revolt destroyed recent times reported mosque urgent need repair arabian king offered pay said received offer directly authorities requested approach indian government november appointed son successor said matter legal giving special created controversy inviting pakistan prime minister ceremony indian counterpart said muslims riots explosions april explosions came soon friday prayers occurred swift succession unclear occurred casualties condition people sustained minor injuries commented anger people appealing maintain calm attack september tourists injured gunmen motorcycle opened fire bus parked near gate number mosque attack police detained people question area turned fortress policemen heavily deployed november delhi police arrested members believed blast german blast sources said main man allegedly planted bomb car outside mosque september reported leader group arrested month admitted carried attack run pakistani national said ordered based head task allowed semi naked foreigners inside | Jama Masjid, Delhi | Art and architecture | Architecture | Architecture – Religious |
6963_StCeinwen'sChurch,Cerrigceinwen | church church parish church countryside central north wales present building dates site worship 7th century doorway old carved 9th 11th centuries 12th century church grounds contain thought healing properties church named early celtic female saint church closed longer worship july sale grade listed building national designation given buildings special interest warrant effort preserve particular simple rural church 19th century older carved stonework history location church rural location middle north wales set hollow road near village miles south west county town date establishment church site uncertain according guide churches worship began 7th century 19th century writer stated supposed church founded site repair work carried medieval church site date original construction unknown current structure erected architects architect diocese dedication known wales cornwall welsh means fair beautiful means blessed daughter king siblings commemorated church church respectively spring south churchyard known according 19th century clergyman antiquarian resorted spring cure diseases church longer worship july offered sale surrounding land included sale rear church architecture fittings church built decorated style nave west end chancel east end built rubble masonry dressed roof slate edged stone porch west end south wall nave west end north wall chancel nave nave measures approximately feet inches feet inches chancel shorter narrower approximately feet feet inch total floor space church approximately square feet large west end nave containing bell arched doorway porch old carved 12th century cut head circle containing rough cross decorated key design shaft doorway dating 9th 11th centuries cross circle set right door inside steps lead nave chancel decorated chancel arch steps lead chancel sanctuary internal roof exposed window east wall chancel pointed arch lights sections window separated topped pattern overlapping circles nave windows pointed arches variously lights topped windows contain coloured glass stained glass pictures circular stone font dates 12th century set modern base panels decorated carvings crosses knots fifth blank fittings church date 19th century include octagonal pulpit decorated panels west wall nave stone memorial reverend died south wall war memorial dead world war north wall inscribed stone commemorating morris lloyd royalist killed troops survey church plate diocese recorded dating recorded known church records owned church lost churchyard contains commonwealth war grave sergeant world war assessment church national recognition statutory protection alteration designated grade listed building lowest grades listing designating buildings special interest warrant effort preserve given status january listed simple rural church 19th century welsh government body responsible built heritage wales inclusion welsh buildings statutory lists comments church particularly notable retention early carved stonework later fabric writers 19th century described old church antiquarian described building work neat small appropriately fitted writing rebuilding said east window models proportion noted richly compartments font | St Ceinwen's Church, Cerrigceinwen | Art and architecture | Architecture | Architecture – Religious |
7153_BadshahiMosque | commissioned sixth constructed largest mosque world construction second largest mosque pakistan seventh largest mosque world iconic famous landmark major tourist attraction mosque architectural plan similar father delhi larger functions courtyard spreads square feet accommodate thousand thousand accommodated inside mosque feet tall mosque famous structures suffered greatly reign government pakistan included tentative list location mosque located pakistan opposite gate fort separates mosque fort eastern garden thirteen gates gate tomb lies mosque tomb sir played major role preserving restoring building history mosque constructed sixth emperor unlike previous emperors patron art architecture built mosque guidance khan master ordinance july army chief took control capture city mosque vast courtyard stable army horses small study rooms surrounding courtyard quarters soldiers magazines military stores enclosed garden official royal court audience built marble garden facing mosque anglo war son mosque large placement light guns bombard supporters taking refuge besieged fort inflicting great damage fort fort destroyed subsequently rebuilt british exactly restored previous state time french cavalry officer employed army tunnel connecting mosque fort temporarily store gunpowder british british continued mosque adjoining fort military garrison cells built walls surrounding vast courtyard sides originally study rooms house troops military stores british demolished prevent anti british activities rebuilt form open arcades increasing muslim resentment use mosque military garrison british set oversee restoration establish place religious worship onwards repairs carried supervision extensive repairs commenced onwards took task raising funds purpose british established oversee restoration mosque place worship repairs carried extensive repairs began supervised architect repairs continued completed cost million post independence occasion 2nd islamic summit held february thirty heads muslim states offered friday prayers including pakistan saudi_arabia libya kuwait prayers led mosque mosque repaired bring original condition government pakistan included tentative list marble main prayer hall repaired replacement work red sandstone tiles mosque large courtyard commenced red sandstone especially imported original source near india bringing nearly restored features mosque din written marble entrance gate architectural plan mosque similar built father delhi combines functions mosque eastern mosque entrance leads vaulted entrance constructed red sandstone courtyard measures square feet enclosed single arcades corners mosque octagonal red sandstone open marble covered canopy courtyard framed smaller prayer chamber central arched niche arches size central niche largest dome central arch sides marble mosque symmetry balanced clarity proportions feet tall outer feet inner half feet mosque built raised platform reached flight steps rooms entrance gate open public believed contains muhammad son law ali hairs main prayer chamber divided seven chambers engraved arches middle main minor common feature architecture courtyard interior mosque adorned precious semi precious stones floral design chambers main chamber contains rooms teaching purpose mosque accommodate prayer hall courtyard courtyard largest world | Badshahi Mosque | Art and architecture | Architecture | Architecture – Religious |
7176_StFfinan'sChurch,Llanffinan | church church small 19th century parish church built revival style north wales church area precise location 19th century writers state established church 7th century church rebuilt 12th century font 18th century memorials cross eastern end roof church worship combined parish services held weekly grade listed building national designation given buildings special interest warrant effort preserve particular considered good essay simple revival style church end gravel track countryside central kilometres county town home founder tudor dynasty history location church countryside centre north wales near village kilometres away county town parish church end track country lane lower hamlet south accessed public home grandfather king henry vii founder tudor dynasty parish takes church welsh word originally meant enclosure church denoting saint date construction church area uncertain church recorded taxation churches 19th century writers said church dedicated established church beginning 7th century possibly described old church small neat current building designed architect erected service held july year designed church south built worship churches combined parish called diocese vicar assisted associate priest williams appointed position vacant years despite attempts church wales fill services held fourth sundays month welsh holy communion morning prayer fifth sunday month service held churches parish services dean cathedral rector time attached jones stone tablet wall antiquarian perpetual death buried architecture fittings church small rectangular built stone slate roof west end roof internal structural division nave chancel style revival round headed window bays church window chancel doorway west end small windows window stone slab upper window doorway stained glass inserted windows memory survey ancient historical monuments wales noted number items preserved old church circular font dates 12th century crude fitted modern base memorials 18th century dated dated hugh son churchyard contains commonwealth war grave world war private soldier assessment national recognition statutory protection alteration designated grade listed building lowest grades listing designating buildings special interest warrant effort preserve given status january listed considered good essay simple revival style welsh government body responsible built heritage wales inclusion welsh buildings statutory lists describes small rural church said new church plain structure old english style strong buttresses good effect suited exposed situation building writing priest antiquarian said church modern erection pseudo norman style stood highly picturesque situation said cross east end roof came old church guide buildings region describes rebuilding work rectangular harsh guide churches says good example small rural church set maintained churchyard notes style different churches | St Ffinan's Church, Llanffinan | Art and architecture | Architecture | Architecture – Religious |
7382_UnitarianUniversalistChurchofArlington | historically known church located arlington boulevard virginia founded church washington suburbs history taken progressive causes sex marriage virginia virginia church speak favor racial integration sanctuary building designed local architect concrete structure listed national_register_of_historic_places church buildings designed virginia history early 1940s leaders established church washington encouraged suburban members start new communities respective areas established suburbs support funds mother church souls meeting held home located september following services held spaces sunday members attend morning services souls meeting spaces included associate pastor souls arlington church minister membership arlington congregation reached church school enrollment year members voted establish independent church approved resolution stated resolved petitioned terminate fellowship souls church march resolved fellowship organized affiliated membership continued grow congregation needed find permanent meeting place church purchased acre lot intersection present day arlington boulevard south george mason drive november ground broken church building located 1st place south assistance gave congregation loan original building designed architect church member brick building containing auditorium kitchen office minister meeting rooms service new building held june dedicated october church membership reached success arlington church convinced souls minister davies establish later renamed organization founded assist establishing additional congregations washington metropolitan area souls arlington church members religious education wing designed bailey added church building increasing size auditorium adding classrooms offices following year church building reached capacity congregation began holding services sundays church school enrollment began holding services sundays church purchased adjoining property constructed half story brick building congregations washington suburbs arlington church largest congregation began planning new facility chose prominent local architect known modernist work design church building church committee wrote confident concept design wide experience original creative genius promise distinctive building portray structural form spirit congregation church leaders invited congregation suggestions design included architectural style express inspiring tradition virginia free form stained glass resulting building represent past congregation wanted building reflect liberal progressive beliefs leadership position according minister spent lot time congregation incorporating values theology congregation design building finished design late church began seeking financing shortly design included plans main sanctuary adjoining wing built time budget concerns construction sanctuary carried contracting firm total cost approximately dedication held march sermon entitled building faith future sanctuary churches designed church building virginia church designs christ maryland christ called washington mid late 1960s attendance church services enrollment church school experienced dramatic decreases congregation replaced minister began campaign attract new members attendance gradually increased years membership reached church continued thrive decade late 1980s church members decided space needed congregation held meetings church expansion years finally members approved construction addition sanctuary new wing designed built maryland dedicated october addition included classrooms office space chapel meetings rooms design new wing praised architectural critics received excellence architecture award virginia chapter additional expansion designed virginia built virginia added includes hall space activity room sanctuary listed september national_register_of_historic_places november following year effort building named historic landmark church leaders said hoping national registry people realize physical presence group community matters says world member congregation currently led union representative artist musician served years sex marriage virginia prominent members past present include representative connecticut member virginia openly gay elected official activism like congregations liberal church active social justice causes dialogue history founded church leaders wrote church like churches dedicated progressive transformation individual social life religion accordance advancing knowledge growing vision mankind time local organizations segregated church operated children summer camp open races 1950s church places black white individuals met discuss race relations ways improve society minister founded group promoted development democratic principles human relationship members active 1950s 1960s protesting segregation unfair treatments minorities minister president fellowship social justice received letter gratitude following landmark supreme_court decision segregation washington public schools illegal virginia governor sought input state citizens virginia church spoke favor integration october church received bomb threat morning sermon temple larger effort headquartered arlington institutions affiliated friendly judaism bomb threat widely condemned area churches arlington congregation released statement saying intimidated harassed change way practiced religion church continued support civil rights causes 1960s registering black voters renaming building demolished honor souls minister killed protesting alabama 1970s church members continued advocate social justice causes including limited women rights lgbt rights affordable housing prominent projects garden senior center nonprofit retirement housing community low income senior citizens opened expanded 1990s demolished rented nonprofit groups including chapter habitat humanity arlington street people assistance network 1990s jewish community met library fellowship rooms design location church located acre lot southwest corner arlington boulevard near neighborhood property extends south place south residential street church located large parking lot stood south west sides property church attendees access building wing parking lot concrete concrete pedestrian bridge beneath steel canopy south church memorial wall garden dedicated garden includes concrete walls paths benches concrete blocks inscribed names church members found garden south garden playground built enclosed wooden fence sanctuary faces road intersection northeast corner property wooded composed sections sanctuary rectangular shaped story reinforced concrete building addition story rectangular shaped concrete structure south sanctuary addition story square shaped concrete structure east addition southeast corner sanctuary additions complement original building scale style material pattern fulfill original plans expand church additional space educational administrative social functions set lower height sanctuary sanctuary concrete building designed style features concrete flat roof concrete block foundation concrete wall panels square windows north east west sides building level narrow fixed light windows floor east west sides sanctuary bays wide north south sides feature bays large central bay smaller bay bays defined tall concrete columns spaced feet apart stand ground underside roof pale blue wooden doors flanked black wooden frames provide access sanctuary narrow doors north main entrance sanctuary south addition sited addition runs entire south sanctuary extends west past building building includes social hall classrooms office space like sanctuary addition features flat roof concrete foundation concrete walls lighter color sanctuary story terrace originally southeast corner addition replaced addition named celebration center celebration center faced light colored concrete random stone facing east similar sanctuary features roof wrapping windows sanctuary meeting space measures feet feet features polished reinforced concrete floor set large grid pattern north east west walls faced brick ceiling exposed concrete sanctuary design allows meeting space natural lighting complimented patterned rows light fixtures ceiling fixtures original black painted metal cylinders designed foot high concrete platform stage covered wood north wall features wheelchair ramp obscured decorative wood screen seating meeting space composed chairs staircase south meeting space lead floor east staircase provides access choir balcony concrete stairs elevator installed chose place choir south space considered desirable location choir balcony features stepped stairs choir members large pipe organ ground floor north south corridor plan east west corridor south giving access lower floor includes meeting storage spaces features concrete floors areas concrete block dividing walls concrete ceilings | Unitarian Universalist Church of Arlington | Art and architecture | Architecture | Architecture – Religious |
7421_DunsterButterCross | english county somerset grade listed building ancient monument cross originally erected late 14th early 15th century main street moved current site late 18th early 19th century head cross missing shaft stone original cross care english heritage state managed history originates location market places people neighbouring villages gather market cross buy locally produced products fresh produce laid displayed stepped bases cross market attracted people surrounding villages towns far away erected late 14th early 15th century originally stood high street possibly southern end high street near market cross later known high cross recorded known moved current location edge village date unclear site cross stands leveled paid occasion cross moved alternative local tradition moved drawing suggests present position cross care english heritage state managed architecture cross comprises shaft stone forming base cross octagonal base shaft survived head cross lost stands small area raised ground stone metres wide metres high surviving shaft metres high changes square octagonal rises inscription northern face says recording restoration | Dunster Butter Cross | Art and architecture | Architecture | Architecture – Religious |
7617_SunolWaterTemple | water temple located way california designed foot high classical pavilion concrete columns concrete ring supports conical wood tile roof inside temple water originally fields flowed white deeper water channel carrying water filter galleries canyon near bridge roof covering paintings depicting indian carrying water vessels temple open public monday friday history mid-19th century private company owned creek watershed held monopoly water service san_francisco major owner giant empire gold hired design water temple atop spot subterranean water sources converge pipe galleries inch pipeline field sources claim wanted sell water company saw temple way appeal san_francisco voters approve purchase municipal efforts buy source constant controversy early attempt purchase turned voters price high sources claim born wealth educated partially motivated sense civic responsibility design modeled ancient temple italy constructed waters fed rome foothills prior construction half san_francisco water supply million gallons day passed temple including temple purchased san_francisco million decades water temple received visitors popular location 1980s water temple badly deteriorated severely damaged earthquake leading community leaders demolition site closed public safety concerns community effort led temple restoration cost million including seismic accessibility upgrades following restoration temple opened public today water flows temple water supply fields adjacent temple belong city san_francisco authorized digging gravel quarry site local residents concerned temple future brought lawsuit attempt block quarry project eventually ran funds dropped suit june new facility named opened site adjacent temple park provides space small businesses nonprofit groups grow produce project non profit called sage park serves platform service educational programs related sustainable agriculture environmental conservation inscription wilderness pool water dry lands springs water streams shall glad city | Sunol Water Temple | Art and architecture | Architecture | Architecture – Religious |
7687_StJohn'sChurch,Manchester | manchester manchester known anglican parish church manchester england established demolished site situated street street built founder bank manchester parish encompassed large important section city manchester rector held office years death preached sunday school sermon manchester area introduced prominent succeeded held post continued rector death established sunday school laid foundation stone children attended sunday school church numerous affiliated groups early 1900s graveyard overshadowed northern warehouse built street site family residence declining congregation provision given nearby matthew church manchester diocese decided merge parish result church demolished church described significant building manchester constructed style architecture construction tower contained bells manufactured pack completed restoration took place including paid daughter work cost lighting converted gas electric church bells described best bells manchester roof collapsed rebuilt people commemorated church windows sir today graveyard church commemorated stone cross plaque states bodies lie buried vicinity buried churchyard founder founded concept half day holiday saturdays origins rapid population growth manchester century saw rising demand churches built june april founder bank manchester oldest surviving son affluent family known area according local historian fellow church intended residents migrating south town obtained permission supported prominent local people parish encompassed area described street street north street south eastern boundary town hall parish cooper street western limit river forming boundary manchester covered large important section city manchester tower nearby church sketch collection structure contemporary sources sponsor building identify architect church described english author historian significant building manchester constructed style architecture galleries supported slender cast iron columns foundation stone laid april performed july sermon given friend construction tower contained bells manufactured pack completed restoration took place including paid daughter work cost lighting converted gas electric substantial internal modifications carried repairs clock tower cost church bells described local journalist best bells manchester tower clock sides minute hand added clock mechanism replaced graveyard paved church looking raise funds acquire convert nearby ear use roof collapsed rebuilt people commemorated church windows sir window antiquity originating convent france presented church grateful french refugee priest entry jerusalem window moved windows depicting dating time moved city functions church held right conduct marriages people manchester parish despite services years existence continued popularity venue weddings probably insisted collecting fees marriages held local churches effectively doubled cost married john later rights curtailed weeks saw marriage services years ceased completely years previously available space exhausted graves church erected building dedicated sunday school day school children attended sunday school church numerous affiliated groups day school accommodation time condemned unfit purpose operating stay issued board year arrested day school protesting election campaign speech winston_churchill building closed new school building opened street cost new facility sunday school said local clergy administrative obstacles demands way small attendance roll render day school insisting dedicated playground despite large open space door traditionally purpose according foundation stone new school building church operated sunday school manchester attributes distinction methodist establishment began operating travis street cellar says schools preceded church base manchester fire engines clergy condition imposed right present living rector held office years death commemorated stone church son erected death example work manchester celebrate 50th anniversary rector preached sunday school sermon manchester area introduced prominent succeeded held post continued rector death established sunday school successor rector held office years moving rector office death position taken rector proponent late leaving establish demise early 1900s graveyard overshadowed northern warehouse built street site family residence area residential lived nearby attended church changed character 19th century homes occupied affluent families lodging houses increasingly place business live patients nearby hospitals poor unable contribute significantly funds church schools fundraising held 1890s 1900s nearby area falling commercial nature district sense provision given nearby matthew church caused manchester diocese review status parish 1920s following internal review public consultation formally proposed parishes merged parish diocese preferred retain demolish recent construction reversal proposal predominantly roman catholic population matthew parish given reason merge proposed hand church site hope city convert open space similar reported similar proposal convert bleak graveyard open cultivated space church demolished commemorated stone cross plaque states bodies lie buried vicinity buried churchyard founder forerunner pioneered concept half day holiday saturdays | St John's Church, Manchester | Art and architecture | Architecture | Architecture – Religious |
7690_ChurchoftheHolyMotherofGod,DonjaKamenica | church holy mother god serbian bulgarian medieval eastern orthodox church village municipality eastern serbia church generally considered built 14th century area second bulgarian empire alternative proposed small notable unusual architectural style particular high flanked sharp pointed towers features hint hungarian influences highly medieval bulgarian church architecture church richly decorated inside historical figures portraits variously identified eponymous son bulgarian son earlier speculation image depicted serbian noble fallen favor art historians addition early portraits interior walls church painted canonical murals assigned 14th 15th century church reconstructed serbian state protection history architecture lies eastern serbian village kilometres southeast northeast far bulgarian border church located square centre village left bank river old military road church acquired abundance featuring mary mother jesus prevalent opinion church constructed painted early 14th century individuals widely accepted represented figures depicted church time village region belonged second bulgarian empire alternative theories place construction church century century 16th century church restored church declared monument culture great importance protected terms architecture church features round dome single shape cross line popular byzantine cross square design particular interest storey notable unusual towers entrance judging models depicted donor portraits inside church clear towers originally apart west facade included towers topped sharp pointed elements additional sharp pointed details corners towers design entirely unusual unprecedented medieval bulgarian church architecture art historian believes resemble gothic architecture modern researcher dismisses assessment considers influence hungary despite monumental appearance church small size measures metres according metres materials employed church construction chiefly stones mortar masonry rows bricks added order structure serve decoration particularly dome features elaborate decoration inside church commonly dated 14th 15th century follow standard model established bulgarian church decoration 13th century unusually accompany images old church terms style murals common churches southwestern bulgarian lands biblical scenes figures depicted god include christ child victim lower raising jesus entry jerusalem betrayal jesus passion christ upper descent cross mourning jesus west wall north south walls wall piers bear saints including rare images military saints horseback murals painted upper reaches south north tower respectively religious imagery church include portraits contemporary historical figures separated compositions compositions making identification people practically impossible composition located depicts men preserved waist holds model church child head visible today second composition painted upper west wall portrays man woman boy girl man holding model church common symbol art historian believes images men holding models compositions depict person main donor composition depicts men monk priest portraits greatest interest fourth composition historical figures young man woman painted lowest west wall includes inscriptions figures painted facing viewer man red clothing covered double headed eagles wears archaic looking crown head right hand man holds cross extends hand woman clad attire wearing fitting crown inscription figure man michael christ god faithful michael christ god faithful son michael reading presents significant challenges proper identification portrayed person clearly bore michael reading correct son eponymous result theories proposed bulgarian serbian researchers alike early bulgarian historian suggested michael church identical bulgarian accession throne father named michael usually titled turn proposed theory michael unknown son installed father coronation case unknown son probably dead mentioned ruler shortly theory established identification michael bulgarian historiography theory supported serbian bulgarian researchers michael unknown son born son bulgarian proclaimed shortly father accession died battle ottomans identification account mentions widow returned childless constantinople death issue theory source mentions theory forward early serbian historians subsequently lost support serbian scholarship michael identified century serbian noble brother ottoman statesman depth research concluded ascribed artistic style clothing portraits uncommon period furthermore church bear little architectural similarity churches school dominated 15th century serbian architecture revealed controlled ottomans possession certain serbian titled identity woman matter debate inscription accompanies image clearly includes title word daughter based possible reading anna identified serbian wife line identification believes possible woman son husband settled second marriage owned personal domain included reading inscription | Church of the Holy Mother of God, Donja Kamenica | Art and architecture | Architecture | Architecture – Religious |
7898_BenjaminvilleFriendsMeetingHouseandBurialGround | friends meeting house friends meeting house friends meeting house located north rural village holder illinois site defunct village called founded settled area followed burial ground current meeting house constructed site listed remains village burial ground preceded meeting house site home meeting house constructed meeting house represents constructed example meeting house architecture contains design major elements associated style unique allowed male female friends worship room burial ground maintains strict separation gender religious affiliation sections distant relatives building location friends meeting house located relatively elevated area land east near community holder land originally flat prairie today designated agricultural use unincorporated community located nearby east large wind farm constructed building extant structure defunct village illinois history years settlers arrived area meeting house constructed site present day friends meeting house continued flow area 1860s current friends meeting house constructed seen little change built minor alterations taken place including addition concrete porch shed east rear facade shed added serve storage space building social political religious hub area site visited friends meeting houses state building longer owned religious institution occasional services held architecture friends meeting house located acres site planted grass native deciduous trees location surrounded crops isolated nearby structures rectangular balloon framed building situated east west axis facade facing west long measures shorter ends building measure building entrance found south elevation consists dual doors walls friends meeting house typical example traditional meeting houses elements common meeting houses east found example plain interiors lack stained glass rectangular shaped log frame construction type partition interior space attached burial ground exterior simplicity separate men women entrances location long wall interior room like exterior oriented east west prominent decorative element inside hand detail wood surfaces elevated gallery lines north wall facing tall wide board partition partition door window trim hand interior walls covered pine original iron replaced oil burning set original building considered fine example traditional architecture contains elements found typical meeting house building major difference interior compared meeting houses traditionally meeting houses rooms divided partition termed meant separate men women meetings noticeably absent meeting house members meeting meeting house pioneers seven groups allow men women meet group friends room inside building simply divided waist high partition opposed wall friends meeting houses plain designs ornamentation individual encouraged guided inner light working building meeting house dominant decorative element building fine hand interior wood surfaces decoration seen traditional typical style meeting houses instead stands testament fact encouraged create spirit moved cemetery cemetery established soon original meeting house built burial grounds typical friends meeting houses burial grounds encouraged rules discipline burial satisfy rule separated separate sections allow area newer section contains mix descendants originally buried originally confined northern section cemetery portion directly meeting house members buried middle portion cemetery today surrounded loop gravel road traverses site recent found southernmost section cemetery meeting house entire burial ground approximately total area oriented east west burial ground covers site land planted grass trees surrounding land predominantly agricultural use nearby residences east wind farm construction significance friends meeting house particularly preserved example meeting house years building focus settlement town author described strongest settlements friends found state structure historical architectural significance example meeting house style building representative architectural type remained virtually unchanged colonial american period 19th century friends meeting house burial ground listed december | Benjaminville Friends Meeting House and Burial Ground | Art and architecture | Architecture | Architecture – Religious |
7905_EtchmiadzinCathedral | cathedral armenian mother church located city armenia according scholars cathedral church built ancient armenia considered oldest cathedral world original church built early fourth century according tradition armenia patron saint following adoption christianity state religion replaced temple conversion christianity core current building built cathedral severely damaged persian invasion foundation second half fifth century seat supreme head losing significance cathedral subsequently suffered centuries virtual neglect restored remains day administrative headquarters plundered persia relics stones taken cathedral effort undermine attachment land cathedral undergone number renovations added half seventeenth century constructed cathedral east end today incorporates styles different periods armenian architecture diminished early soviet period revived second half twentieth century independent armenia main shrine religious christian worldwide important location armenia politically culturally major pilgrimage site visited places country important early medieval churches located nearby cathedral listed history foundation etymology according tradition cathedral built near royal palace armenian capital city location pagan temple country world adopt christianity state religion according history armenia patron saint vision jesus christ descending heaven striking earth golden hammer cathedral built patriarch gave church descent linking element translates descent son god come use 15th century earlier sources cathedral simply literally cathedral celebrated days easter special hymn sung written 8th century telling vision cathedral construction archaeological excavations cathedral led architectural historian remains original 4th century building discovered including levels pillar bases current ones narrower altar present based findings asserted original church vaulted similar scholars rejected view held original church form dome supported pillars suggested original building canopy erected cross plan architecture researcher suggests extreme view according cathedral essentially form today reconstruction decline according cathedral city completely destroyed invasion persian king circa armenia bad economic conditions cathedral renovated partially armenia eastern armenia located remained rule armenian vassal kings subject persia dissolved attempt impose built fire temple inside cathedral fire temple unearthed altar east excavations 1950s quarter 5th century cathedral dilapidated according rebuilt foundations governor persian armenia country relatively stable following struggle religious freedom persia researchers concluded church converted church took current form new church different original consisted hall built dull grey stone containing free standing cross shaped pillars support stone new cathedral form square greek cross contains east according design new church mixture design fire temple classical antiquity seat transferred cathedral lost significance remained greatest known renovations 15th century according cross cathedral reportedly removed arab centuries neglect cathedral condition deteriorated badly prompted prominent archbishop write notable poems lament behalf cathedral poem tells consequences invasions armenia portrays woman mourning contemplating children return homeland restore glory revival following fall experienced decline disarray locally influential bishops enhanced importance region general council religious figures met voted cathedral restored time control iran gained control parts armenia including granted privileges 16th 17th centuries armenia suffered location persia conflicts concurrently persia earth policy war ottoman_empire plundered wanted armenian hopes returning homeland moving religious center iran order provide persia strong armenian presence wanted destroy cathedral remains brought event important stones altar stone jesus christ descended according tradition right arm gregory moved central iran incorporated local built offered cathedral pope 17th 18th centuries cathedral underwent major renovation moses dome ceiling roof foundations paving repaired time cells monks structures built cathedral additionally wall built cathedral making fort like complex wrote premises surrounded high wall flanked circular towers externally appearance fortress city miniature wrote convent cathedral large fortified enclosure claimed time resisted attacks renovation works interrupted cathedral remained intact renovations resumed built new cells monks renovated roof century added armenian churches started construction western wing completed according bell origin buddhist inscription probably long forgotten gift khan decades later constructed smaller bell towers red turrets southern eastern northern wings renovations continued 18th century took actions preserving cathedral established publishing house near armenia reign monastery completely walled separated city continued renovations russian takeover russian influence gradually penetrated region early 19th century located arena rivalry russian persian russo persian war twice captured russian troops led general russia returned persia treaty april russo persian war captured russian general troops fight formally annexed russia persian controlled parts armenia roughly corresponding territory modern republic armenia known according treaty cathedral prospered russian rule despite suspicions imperial russian government possible center armenian nationalist sentiment formally religious center living russian_empire statute constitution major alteration cathedral adding east end established seminary theological school college located cathedral premises undertook restoration interior cathedral 20th century russian government issued properties including treasures russian policemen soldiers entered occupied cathedral popular resistance personal defiance canceled armenian genocide cathedral surrounding major center turkish armenian refugees end refugees district hospital cathedral grounds established maintained armenian near east relief spring cathedral danger attack turks prior battle took place miles away cathedral civilian military leadership armenia suggested leave security purposes refused armenian forces eventually repelled turkish offensive set foundation soviet suppression years independence armenia december february uprising briefly april taken nationalist dominated pre soviet armenian government december southern cathedral collapsed restored supervision case restoration architectural monument great purge radical state policies late 1930s cathedral besieged institution campaign underway religion murdered april august year decided close cathedral central soviet government seemingly approve measure isolated outside world cathedral barely continued function administrators reduced people reportedly church seized communist government anti soviet armenian diocese wrote great cathedral hollow monument religious importance slowly recovered second world war holy official magazine resumed publication seminary reopened september elected seven year vacancy position number conducted rose greatly cathedral role communist official circles ecclesiastical belongs past monastery cathedral occasionally scene impressive ceremonies including election new little importance communist point view wrote revival revived period known mid-1950s following death archaeological excavations held cathedral underwent major renovation period wealthy financially assisted renovation cathedral provided underwent renovation prior celebrations anniversary anniversary cathedral celebrated issued january february declared year holy september year academic conference held residence latest renovation cathedral began focus strengthening restoring dome roof architecture today plan central free standing piers projecting interior exterior central piers section divide interior space equal square compartments exterior design cathedral external appearance described massive cube cone simple cylinder writes largest beautiful armenian churches overall impression presented ensemble inspiring hold building great reverence wrote cathedral small compared fame importance writing times expressed similar view cathedral european standards immensely important wrote new_york_times article like ancient armenian churches cathedral characterized naive minimum building solid stone construction arches sober curves declared holds unique position armenian non armenian architecture history features different periods armenian architecture despite fact cathedral renovated times centuries alterations 17th 19th centuries retains form building constructed 5th century building core cathedral stone turrets rear extension later additions engraved exterior decorative geometric floral patterns blind arcades depicting saints portions northern eastern walls original building survived greek northern wall cathedral contains depict paul cross arms equal length greek inscriptions paul represented conversation paul shown seated cross legged dated authors sixth centuries suggested created invention armenian alphabet art historian believed fifth sixth century analysis wrote insist created beginning according earliest cathedral walls earliest items christian armenian sculpture art ornaments western main interior design early inside cathedral restored 18th century stephen poland illustrated 18th 19th centuries armenian painters created scenes old testament armenian saints painted parts interior paintings dome painting mother god altar survived day members prominent family created paintings 18th century work continued succeeding generations family 19th century wooden doors cathedral carved paintings moved cathedral order kept museums armenia including armenia inside cathedral restored 1950s stone floor replaced marble influence armenian architecture design classified square called type armenian architectural historiography common armenia early medieval period destroyed dating known church significantly similar plan structure period 19th century architectural revival looked armenia past plan began directly copied new armenian churches notable examples period include northern iran dating dating european architecture art historian european thoroughly study armenian architecture placed armenia center european architecture suggested volume book titled der und architecture europe churches western_europe influenced similarities found plans according examples churches influenced 9th century church france built probably armenian milan italy view later supported suggested armenian church architecture spread western_europe 8th 9th centuries migrated armenia suppressed byzantine government period added medieval churches europe list churches influenced byzantine decorative arts according design spread europe byzantine_empire served model church constantinople churches greece significance centuries national political center armenian people considered soil way similar jews cathedral complex called armenian vatican armenian major pilgrimage site religious worldwide cathedral important development sense identity pilgrimage ethnic religious experience american journalist historian described cathedral possession armenian nation source strength held centuries persecution warfare massacre royal_navy captain highlighted immense role armenian people book writing monastery cathedral described heart armenian nation foundation official designation capital western sources emphasized political significance book prepared historical section british foreign office acknowledged regarded national capital deprived political head political capital armenian people years looked home people centre looked guidance sympathy practical aid wrote welsh journalist politician book armenia italian historian traveler wrote cathedral critical phase history looked guidance church close sixteen years beacon hope visit enables understand people devotion faith better library books medical director near east relief wrote cathedral longevity changes temporal affairs beaten walls sixteen centuries like little waves granite cliff fallen soviets come soviets endure years centuries day soviets temporal governments stand notable visitors early european visitors gave cathedral included august prominent individuals visited including russian diplomat playwright russian poet english composer russian singer songwriter russian american poet visited cathedral 21st century major religious figures like pope patriarch moscow visited gave prayer cathedral june called cathedral witness history people centre spirituality presidents countries russia france georgia royalty visited cathedral state private visits armenia heritage designation added churches ruined list cathedral complex monuments including cross stones graves located cathedral listed government armenia list historical cultural monuments cultural depictions weekly official periodical founded features cathedral cover page newspaper logo film directed french armenian director actual footage cathedral shown main character son armenian genocide survivors questioned faith catholic school soviet_union armenia issued postage stamps depicting cathedral respectively cathedral depicted artistic depictions academic articles published books specific general | Etchmiadzin Cathedral | Art and architecture | Architecture | Architecture – Religious |
7913_StTyfrydog'sChurch,Llandyfrydog | church small medieval church north wales date establishment church site unknown 19th century says oldest parts present building nave chancel arch dated chancel dating late 15th early 16th century built rough small squared stones dressed limestone windows south raised pulpit decision eyes 19th century commentator building according local tradition standing stone mile away remains man stole bible church punished result welsh historian wales said norman lord hugh montgomery putting welsh revolt led kept dogs church dogs gone mad morning montgomery killed week church use worship churches combined parish grade listed building national designation given particularly important buildings special interest particular good medieval rural church retains medieval fabric circular churchyard walls 18th century churchyard given listed building status history location wooded circular churchyard middle hamlet north wales miles county town takes church welsh word originally meant enclosure church modified form saint 19th century historian wrote church supposed built writing said original church established upright stone feet high stands field mile village known thief said local tradition man turned stone stealing church bible near stone said sack man shoulder journey wales wales mentioned church saying welsh revolt led norman lords kept dogs church added dogs gone mad morning earl killed week church recorded taxation oldest present building nave dating chancel rebuilt end 15th century following century restoration work took place present porch west end south wall north added alterations church services parish churches priest charge parish diocese people associated church include welsh botanist born father lewis rector rector wrote anti methodist pamphlets rector appointed priest antiquarian born father rector owen petitioned unsuccessfully occasions given living eventually buried architecture fittings built rough small squared stones dressed limestone nave measures feet inches feet inches chancel feet inches feet inches roof slate stone west end housing bell roof visible inside church buttresses east end nave entrance porch oldest window east porch south wall dates lights sections window separated topped set rectangular window frame echoed 19th century window wall set slightly higher pulpit north wall rectangular windows pair lights topped single light windows inserted opening previously doorway east window lights dates 15th century window contain stained glass inside division nave chancel marked pointed arch dating seating provided form painted box dating 19th century possibly installed time restoration work survey ancient historical monuments wales noted 18th century communion table engraved silver cup silver dated memorial inside church dated 19th century writer noted seat near altar said mark belonging family prominent influential landowners north wales 15th 19th centuries churchyard contains number slate tombs brass dating 18th century standing base medieval stone cross assessment church national recognition statutory protection alteration designated grade listed building second highest grades listing designating particularly important buildings special interest given status regarded good medieval rural church retains medieval fabric body responsible built heritage wales inclusion welsh buildings statutory lists notes church rich vernacular character churchyard stone wall given listed building status lower level grade buildings special interest warrant effort preserve 19th century writer said structure excellent repair remarkably large chancel writing priest antiquarian said church better sort time saw church old porch north door nave use described nave unusually high said window positioned light pulpit building thought high chancel walls gave great effect interior guide buildings region described church particularly noted nave describing broad square chancel arch dying responds | St Tyfrydog's Church, Llandyfrydog | Art and architecture | Architecture | Architecture – Religious |
8168_StMary'sChurch,Astbury | anglican parish church village recorded designated grade listed building architecture praised number writers possible church present site saxon era earliest fabric church norman present ground plan established 13th 14th centuries time church external appearance dates apart major rebuilding later 15th century range high windows added styles english gothic architecture represented church early english decorated perpendicular civil war group horses church 19th century interior church restored wall paintings revealed stained glass added church number special features include exceptionally wide nave village church shape tower separate body church joined passage porch storey west porch storey south porch inside church medieval fittings furniture memorials churchyard contains numerous 17th century listed structures including tomb continues active church centre village provides usual services anglican church runs number organisations catering children adults history origins church unclear survey records presence priest church discovery nearby fragments stone apparent saxon decoration coffin lower stages cross date norman conquest suggest earlier church site earliest fabric present church round arched doorway architectural historian dates middle 12th century states time church simple rectangular building mainly timber framed suggests middle 13th century east end church rebuilt stone chancel sanctuary subsequently rest body church built consisting nave north south work completed 14th century tower built end 13th century usual position west end church north west bay north aisle separated distance feet 14th century south porch priest room treasury storey added known tower built 14th 15th century major rebuilding work took place later 15th century thought began south arcade followed north arcade addition rebuilding probably complete north aisle completely early 17th century west porch probably started 14th century upper storeys added following century nave roof repaired civil war nearby hall siege sir horses church damaged medieval glass windows removed church furniture including organ significant changes time church restored 19th century later removed plaster walls built small gallery victorian era stained glass added architecture exterior body church constructed yellow sandstone tower unusual material churches architectural historian draws attention details stonework tower years carved compared sandstone prone roof metal church incorporates elements norman early english decorated perpendicular architecture overall plan west end feet wider east body church consists seven bay nave chancel structural division north south rectangular takes place entirely nave chancel west end nave piers columns arcades feet wide exceptionally wide parish church slightly wider nave extend sides chancel forming north south tower stands north west bay body church joined short passage porch east west south sides church tower stages supported buttresses lowest stage west doorway style north headed window left east perpendicular style porch middle stage light window west circular clock face north east sides windows stage contains light bell opening plain projecting west octagonal tiers windows north church divided buttresses bays second bay east contains priest door window right door small headed window bays contain light windows early english run walls aisle walls seven bays containing light perpendicular window east end windows central window end chancel perpendicular seven lights flanked aisle windows plate right having lights left lights southern church bays divided buttresses bay west porch bays contain light window heads porch storeys angle buttresses lower storey contains doorway pointed arch upper storey light window doorway window set slightly west centre east wall contains inside porch stone seats remains holy water staircase leading upper storey composed old outer wall upper storey west end church perpendicular style bays centre porch storeys west diagonal buttresses storey double doorway niche containing image saint middle storey light window storey light window summit windows north south faces stage north octagonal turret inside porch supporting carved musicians porch light window west end north aisle light window light window end south aisle interior nave chancel divided seven bay arcades piers capitals pier facing nave carved human face roofs divided panels contain carving including bosses shields inscriptions chapel west end south aisle known lady chapel north dedicated church contains medieval fittings furniture church nave chancel screen screens chancel screen dated carved representations birds roses foliage bays chancel stalls carved wooden eagle date period oldest eagle united_kingdom stalls seats shelves support standing person furniture dates 17th century style includes altar rails octagonal pulpit box screen altar lady chapel font cover font perpendicular chancel designed manchester architect royal arms charles_ii north aisle restoration removed walls revealing royal arms paintings include stained glass west windows dates glass comes victorian era includes east window window east end north aisle east window south aisle ward hughes westernmost windows south aisle connor dated later windows south wall lady chapel north aisle small anglo saxon circular cross shaft carved decoration dating late 10th 11th century memorials church include 14th century tomb figure knight wearing plate armour collar mail armour consisting linked metal rings conical helmet tomb chest statue died church contains sanctuary chairs old iron bound dates 13th century ring bells recast taylor metal previous 17th century bells bells added supplied organ trent presented church rebuilt installed parish registers begin accounts incomplete external features churchyard contains dating 17th century important monument tomb member family dates late 13th century canopy date 17th century inside church tomb contains figures male female hands prayer kind listed grade scheduled monument notable memorials churchyard north south tomb yellow sandstone date medieval period include north possibly depicts hands prayer south knight armour missing leg churchyard contains consisting octagonal steps originally base 16th century cross supporting 18th century octagonal pillar addition listed scheduled monument gateway churchyard dates 17th century consists yellow sandstone arch structures listed grade churchyard contains war graves british servicemen world war world war tree churchyard believed years old assessment church designated february english_heritage grade listed building grade listing means building acknowledged exceptional interest considered internationally important architectural historian writing considered beautiful churches county authors series exciting churches includes list outstanding english parish churches present day mary church stands elevated position overlooking village green south village active anglican parish church diocese chester church holds traditional anglican services activities younger people sundays runs groups ages children church publishes monthly parish magazine | St Mary's Church, Astbury | Art and architecture | Architecture | Architecture – Religious |
8371_StBeuno'sChurch,Trefdraeth | church church medieval parish church hamlet north wales 19th century historian recorded church location reportedly established 7th century structure survives oldest parts present building date 13th century alterations subsequent centuries 19th century time churches rebuilt restored parish group church remains use parish priest grade listed building national designation particularly important buildings special interest particular regarded important example late medieval rural church simple design history location church hamlet south west miles south west county town stands roughly circular welsh enclosed piece land particularly church north road 7th century welsh saint churches north wales dedicated according 19th century historian church site reportedly established 7th century building survives restoration years removed historical evidence church development earliest parts present structure nave chancel 13th century church shows signs alterations additions subsequent centuries chapel added south chancel late 13th early 14th century arch chancel nave later moved west end roof added 14th century porch south nave built doorway north wall nave inserted late 15th early 16th century leads added 19th century main roof largely 17th century repairs carried 1840s repairs supervision architect churches churches include church diocese parishes incumbent priest number notable clergy held living rector income parish attached scholar appointed priest appointed rector went dean rector late early dean rector english civil war rector dean welsh language controversy appointed elderly english priest parish parish spoke welsh spoke english petitioned appointment arguing appointment priest speak welsh breached act translation scriptures welsh act ruled clergy speak welsh appointed parishes appointed held ecclesiastical case proved court let stay post died november year replaced parish priest spoke welsh architecture fittings built mainly rubble masonry squared stones create courses nave south wall lower west wall external buttresses west east ends south porch south roof surfaced stone west internally structural division nave chancel save step chancel nave chancel feet long church feet wide near eastern end church chapel south chancel separated step arch feet inches feet inches windows range age late 14th early 15th century 19th century oldest chancel east window 18th century inscribed slate slab window pointed arch lights sections window separated stained glass installed memorial nave north wall window originally nave south wall nave west window rectangular nave south wall early 19th century windows set square frames single light light 19th century light arched window south wall contains oldest stained glass church 15th century fragments scene pointed arched doorway west wall late 13th early 14th century church entered porch west end south wall nave leads arched doorway 18th century slate plaques walls south door commemorating donations poor parish names opposite wall 17th century slate plaque commemorates hugh wife jane died respectively internal roof old exposed decorated barrel vaulted ceiling sanctuary east end church roof largely 17th century cylindrical font 12th century west end church panels decorated fifth celtic cross ring sixth blank author pointed similarities miles away nearby county survey ancient historical monuments wales noted early 18th century communion rails plain oak communion table dated wooden font cover dated memorials including parts early 14th century inscribed slab recorded items church silver included survey cup dated externally 18th century brass slate pedestal noted decorated stone thought 10th century arts pulpit churchyard churchyard contains commonwealth war graves soldier world war soldier world war assessment church national recognition statutory protection alteration designated grade listed building second highest grades listing designating particularly important buildings special interest given status january listed important example late medieval rural church body responsible built heritage wales inclusion welsh buildings statutory lists notes church simple design remained extensive programme church building restoration 19th century described church small neat east window modern date good design noted parish registers onwards second oldest north wales similarly 19th century publisher said church small plain hold nearly people clergyman antiquarian wrote church repaired manner restoration importance attempted good condition added good condition ranks better churches island welsh politician church historian sir visited church october said chapel south resembled noted new slate roof open plain seats large cemetery commanding extensive view guide churches describes pleasant quiet rural location adds church fairly small roof unusual shaped guide buildings region comments kennedy repaired replaced church notes strangely chancel arch reset says nave roof unusual construction | St Beuno's Church, Trefdraeth | Art and architecture | Architecture | Architecture – Religious |
8386_StJoseph'sConvent,Taunton | complex 19th century buildings somerset primarily roman catholic convent sisters joseph buildings sold catholic church redeveloped residential flats main building designated english_heritage grade listed building boundary walls west grade listed main building begun free hospital poor funding ran years later completed private residence early 19th century bought group moved unsatisfactory site winchester carried number additions extensions building suitable needs moved sold convent continued run school site years history originally site intended hospital stone laid september describes building general hospital relief sick poor foundation stone laid lord north british prime minister time building work stopped funds ran shortly sold recover debts incurred building building eventually completed personal residence came hands death house known sale brought attention group left belgium arrived england avoid persecution french revolution initially settled winchester buildings utilised suitable permanent use october ordered look establish knight alerted sale raised required purchase completed purchase early minor family visited lodge prior purchase identified require worth improvements addition money spent acquisition plans included extending existing building gain staircase school girls addition new wing include chapel cells rooms male chaplain servants new building began march june year entire community moved winchester despite work ongoing shell new body completed autumn work delayed lack finances spent altering old building cost include erection new wing constructions costs far surpassing original estimate years built roof new wing replaced started sinking bad wood wrong way close winter work completed year left following spring wing completed replacement roof january total cost storm damaged roof original building inspection found roof replaced completed september year convent continued significantly expanded years purchased plot land adjacent convent erection church school gifted local bishop opened site years later sold convent buildings sisters joseph 1920s running purchasing convent set boys girls age girls school continued operate property bought nearby accommodation boarding students building complex converted high quality residential flats miracle march miracle reported occurring convent recorded sister sustained deep cut arm opening window attended local surgeon judged muscles severed wound healed weeks continued suffer sharp pain months time able use hand arm despite attempting variety different methods repair broken doctor eventually declared regain use thumb rest fingers time arm hand decided prayers began prayers august placed piece moss arm said felt intense pain considered removing moss opted following morning hand arm returned strength surgeon tending said declared case miracle human respect prevented publicly right reverend consulting catholic surgeon london declared cure supernatural evident miracle case house_of_commons petitioned previously sat member parliament claimed step daughter forced join stage nun pupil father died mother died subsequent death brother inherit death mother placed care 5th earl father half brother berkeley alleged attempted marry vii refused placed convent allegation followed nun inheritance june property convent greater catholic church berkeley protested daughter allowed communicate 1st baron lord chancellor noted berkeley tried years lord contacted stated plans remove convent place care new guardian london duly rejected berkeley petition basis previous lack contact architecture main building symmetrical storey house built red brick yellow brick central range added later building end projects east south additional attic storey house retains original windows floor windows wrought iron addition building south west including arcade ground floor bell tower additions main building 19th century including gothic chapel red brick north later buildings chapel west 19th century building storey entrance porch gothic comprising walks timber roofs lies east extension south listing added grounds probably alongside 19th century additions main building constructed red white brick steep slate roof east displayed building grade listed july demolished stone walls site grade listed original high stone rubble wall brick places renovated newer red brick | St Joseph's Convent, Taunton | Art and architecture | Architecture | Architecture – Religious |
8735_AbbeyMillsMosque | known london mosque located east london people proposed expand larger islamic centre site originally reported structure built largest religious building britain times size cathedral largest western europe reason proposed building informally referred press mega mosque mosque extension built near site london charitable trust owner site website devoted mosque places maximum capacity plan sparked controversy reasons including initially reported size possible chemical contamination risk associated site uncertainty sources funding alleged links islamic terrorism mosque officials engaged resolving controversies perception implied term mega mosque public response mosque associated controversies included line petitions public talks debates speeches demonstrations permit use site current plan permission application mosque building future appeared uncertain february tried shut existing temporary facility serving enforcement notice owners overturned appeal year extension granted use site project purchased site location chemical works million issued year permit use site place worship permit expired building commenced site plan incorporated mosque capable people visitor conference centre substantial parking cars facilities new entrance tube station residential school pupils reception centre visiting including guest plan retention natural habitat island location site extensive landscaping stated plan develop mosque use natural resources reducing mosque energy consumption increasing mosque recycling refused permission plans appealed decision appeal dismissed october concerns size reports size mosque varied considerably submitted proposal design competition stated design accommodate visitors simultaneously potential expanding contain people figures led london borough councillor criticised development plans grounds change character local area making predominantly muslim called public inquiry mosque development daily_telegraph reported planning department refuse mosque application project size potential cause damage community relations area response public concern mosque size mosque trustees choose design final plan deciding instead scaled structure speaking behalf trustees announced firm allies morrison retained design mosque november reported replaced outline planning application submitted scheme prepared included prayer hall islamic library set public garden needs analysis viability assessment submitted planning application seek demonstrate proposals represent departure planning policy environment july report publicised revealed land built considered medium high contamination risk site chemical works years decommissioned late 1980s alleged obtained information freedom information act called brought site shut independent report undertaken according report revealed original pre works discovered soil impact mercury lead oil carbon dioxide land gas readings mosque officials stated allowing development proceed benefit community site building plan funding september guardian reported concerns funding construction project documentation filed indicated annual donations order suggesting need significant extra financial support fund building project suggested project funded groups based muslim organisation close links form religion practised royal family website lists intends raise money predominantly small donations muslims london area links contact royal family clearly states actively seeking overseas money public money terrorism new_york_times quoted deputy chief international terrorism section saying fbi found recruiting group referred key influence terrorists targeting britain common link string attacks website states political controversial activities stands democracy freedom group describes non political group rejects links terrorism terrorists website makes clear responsibility actions individual attended services studied wrote said fringe elements reflect movement group loose structure says simply wrong describe terrorist recruiting organisation responses petition online petition formed response concerns raised planned mosque calling prime minister prevent building mosque petition closed signatures time signed petition site majesty government responded local planning authorities responsible general control development areas required consideration views interested persons particularly local communities regard specific proposal government informed london borough council current planning permission application mosque expected near future september planning application submitted consideration mayor london issued statement protesting called particularly vicious nature campaign possible muslim place worship stating condemned support long established right freedom religion country based information long established public relations retained public relations firm difficult major planning situations firm efforts enhance organisation image include setting website mosque creating youtube videos discussing concerns september public discussion supporters opponents mosque plan held house issues discussed included legitimacy concerns mosque extent conservative view islam taught engage public discourse extent racism plays role mosque opposition demand larger facilities area support needs community threats apparent response opposition mosque subject video showing purported obituary wife children video posted year old man named muhammad better known online moniker speaking behalf said found video night removed don responsibility people sites don control added found member organisation dealt seriously opposition march founder great_britain publicly opposed construction mosque stating think built need integration existing wider community opposition joins director expressed extreme concern spread different opposed islamic viewpoints | Abbey Mills Mosque | Art and architecture | Architecture | Architecture – Religious |
8784_ChesterCathedral | church_of_england cathedral mother church diocese chester located city cathedral abbey church monastery dedicated dedicated christ seat cathedral grade listed building heritage site includes monastic buildings north listed cathedral typical english having modified times dates early 16th century site christian worship roman times major styles english medieval architecture norman perpendicular represented present building cathedral monastic buildings extensively restored 19th century amidst controversy free standing bell tower added 20th century buildings major tourist attraction chester addition holding services christian worship cathedral venue concerts exhibitions history city chester important roman stronghold christian site present cathedral late roman era chester controlled legend holds dedicated supported evidence saxon times dedication early chapel site changed dark ages saint feast day september known history mainly occurs library oxford 10th century remains brought chester shrine placed church thought turned church college secular given charter collegiate church restored earl church razed ground secular evicted known trace remains abbey established site earl chester assistance monks normandy earliest surviving parts structure date time abbey church time cathedral chester cathedral diocese nearby church transferred dissolution monasteries monastery disbanded shrine abbey cathedral church_of_england order henry_viii time dedication changed christ abbot abbey dean new cathedral head secular chapter little trace 10th century church discovered save possibly saxon masonry found excavation nave evidence monastery work norman style seen northwest tower north remaining parts monastic buildings abbey church beginning lady chapel eastern end extensively rebuilt gothic style 13th 14th centuries time dissolution monasteries central tower new south large west window new entrance porch south built perpendicular style southwest tower façade begun west given tudor entrance tower completed space beneath south west tower bishop court furnished time unique survival england hearing case attempted suicide priest 1930s south unusually large took separate function independent ecclesiastical entity parish church 17th century saw additions fittings building work centuries 19th century building badly need restoration present appearance cathedral presents exterior angles largely work victorian particularly 20th century seen continued maintenance restoration chester war memorial installed cathedral grounds dedicated fallen soldiers world war later second world war detached designed erected grounds cathedral new added cathedral 2000s cathedral library refurbished relocated officially reopened september cathedral monastic buildings designated grade listed buildings july architecture cathedral plan east west axis common chancel eastern end façade west plan central tower usual english monastic churches having small north remaining earlier building unusually large south plan shows extends west north tower remains norman building south tower early 16th century eastern end symmetrical arrangement lost end south aisle demolished rebuilt shape nave choir south wide lit windows large multi light windows cliff like ends north cathedral monastic buildings including rectangular chapter house façade building north later buildings external appearance like worcester built case stone detailed carving easily eroded rain wind badly affected pollution red sandstone buildings chester heavily restored england restoration included new details took place mainly 19th century south similar dimension nave choir views building south east south west impression building balanced central axis tower hub tower late 15th century perpendicular style large turrets work restoration architect rhythmic arrangement large windows buttresses exterior south presents fairly character unusual feature england general noted stylistic diversity close examination reveals window building stages 13th early 16th century 13th century presence ornate windows perpendicular windows simpler form façade cathedral dominated large deeply light window perpendicular style doorway set screen like porch designed probably early porch formed late 15th century building programme south central southwest towers west towers completed north lower stage norman tower south lower stage tower designed begun probably left incomplete following dissolution monastery cathedral façade north victorian building housing education centre largely obscured view building previously branch door west normal entrance cathedral southwest porch ornate tudor style interior interior gives warm mellow appearance pinkish colour sandstone proportions appear view west end nave east end nave long wide high compared england piers nave choir widely spaced nave carrying large windows gallery proportions possible partly ornate stellar vault like york wood stone norman remnants present building dating replaced earlier monastic church founded built norman style believed newer church built older remaining parts norman church small proportions height width gothic church generous confirm belief aspects design norman interior visible north retains wall broadly arch leading chapel retained early 16th century ceiling decorated bosses carved arms henry_viii north west tower norman construction serves houses black marble font consisting bowl large dating lower north wall nave norman building viewed interior decorated mosaic early english early english gothic chapter house built rectangular opens charming leading north chapter house grouped windows simple form describes exterior building modest elegant example composition says interior wonderfully noble room aesthetic climax cathedral north chapter house early english style warming room contains large monastic north date chapter house lady chapel eastern end choir dates bays contains shrine dating 14th century vault lady chapel cathedral stone decorated carved roof bosses representing trinity madonna child murder chapel choir bays built design early example architecture piers strongly modelled attached shafts supporting deeply arches gallery arches bay vault 19th century restoration supported clusters shafts spring energetic overall effect robust contrasts choir stalls windows rich decoration vault carried ecclesiastical designers bell choir stalls dating cathedral choir previously extended lady chapel south aisle shortened given east end chapel eastern end north aisle contains chapel nave bays large south begun probably design number windows containing fine flowing decorated period work ceased year severe outbreak plague england building nave years begun architect probably remarkably english medieval architect maintained original form changing details nave stellar vault like lady chapel choir date like york vault wood imitating stone perpendicular gothic architect appears succeeded completed south design seen windows built central tower southwest porch work commenced south west tower risen time dissolution monasteries completed central tower rising feet tower large windows letting light crossing external appearance altered addition turrets 19th century monastic buildings perpendicular gothic entered cathedral norman doorway north aisle building programme commenced probably work south wall dating later norman period forms north wall nave cathedral includes blind earliest remaining structures site west range dates early 12th century originally monks storing food consists groin short round piers round capitals leading south abbot passage dates consists bays rib abbot passage approached west chapel dates 12th century bays 19th century gothic style plaster vault chancel bay early 17th century screen altar rails holy table plaster ceiling chancel date 17th century north range gives access built 13th century contains early english pulpit approached staircase ascending arcade similar pulpit england abbey restoration 19th century fabric building badly writing surface red sandstone cathedral built positively place previous restoration struck neglected verge collapse trace romance average ruin architect restored south adding corner turrets building served parish church separate carried limited restoration including work south nave extensive restoration carried gothic revival architect entirely cathedral current building acknowledged mainly product victorian restoration commissioned dean addition extensive additions alterations body church scott tower adding turrets scott chose sandstone restoration work addition restoration fabric building scott designed internal fittings choir screen replace destroyed civil war built fan vault south porch renewed wooden vault choir added great decorative features interior scott critics caused debate architectural circles scott claimed archaeological evidence work liverpool architect argued address alterations like restoration like rebuilding larger changes south aisle changes proposed addition existing tower proposal later rejected samuel paper entitled called cathedral abbey churches compelled dean attempt answer criticism debate contributed establishment later century son charles additions modifications including restoring shrine work carried 20th century bell tower end cathedral bells housed central tower need overhaul ringing suspended dean asked architect prepare specifications new bell frame electrification clock mechanism structural difficulties cost replacing bells central tower advised consideration given building detached bell clock tower southeast corner churchyard decided proceed plan announcement detached cathedral bell tower erected building 15th century february bells central tower removed recast ring bells flat sixth new bells cast work new bell tower began february old bells dating left tower february bells time celebrate wedding member family official opening june performed duke gloucester known dean cathedral responsible construction tower built concrete faced sandstone base detached bell tower built cathedral country reformation bell tower south garden remembrance regiment originally 22nd regiment foot fittings glass treasures rare fittings specifically choir stalls 17th century bishop court south tower unique survival choir stalls choir stalls date high closely set arches stall ends rich carving stalls include original depicting variety subjects humorous states finest sets country calls exquisite says grace surpass lincoln organ organ london installed cathedral replacing instrument parts dating organ rebuilt enlarged chester include later moved present position north son london extensively rebuilt organ replacing new pipes choir division organ enlarged moved south instrument overhauled new mechanism new design installed organ care liverpool stained glass gallery chester suffered badly hands parliamentary troops consequence stained glass dates mainly 19th 20th centuries representative examples significant trends stained glass design 1850s onwards earlier victorian firms best represented south aisle glass high victorian period represented leading london firms bell butler aesthetic style represented early 20th century windows include commemorating died world war notable modern windows recent window depicts creation light perpendicular window west end contains mid-20th century glass representing modern windows south aisle designed replace windows damaged second world war donated 6th duke westminster celebrate anniversary cathedral contain dates reflect theme continuity change tour features nave west end nave dominated light window perpendicular gothic style fills upper west wall contains stained glass designed dating depicts holy family middle lights flanked northern saints stone nave pulpit designed dated mosaic floor tower bay designed executed firm installed wall north aisle depicting moses david designed bell date monuments nave include dated dated died dated john died respectively died died sir dated choir famous feature choir set choir stalls dating described form wooden eagle symbol john dates half 17th century date 17th century died exceptions decoration fittings choir date 19th century keeping gothic revival promoted restored vault choir typical period having designed scott decorated bell choir entered screen designed gates designed scott bishop throne designed scott complement choir stalls constructed farmer floor mosaic date designed east window elegant design filled stained glass butler 13th century contains stone shrine dates 14th century contain relics shrine similar red sandstone cathedral base pierced deep upper takes form miniature chapel containing dissolution monasteries dismantled parts found restoration cathedral shrine carving added chapel stained glass chapel contains monument francis dating martyr stood trial accused north choir aisle north choir aisle stone screen iron gate dated came east end aisle chapel vault bays east window depicting dated stained glass windows north aisle butler bell chapel contains dating 14th century monuments dated died monuments north aisle include tablet dated design north chapter house small norman windows containing stained glass installed east window depicting designed north monument died designed carved monuments include dating wall monuments include members earl chester killed boer war second world wars corner north aisle 17th century tree carved whale ivory niche contains rare example picture painted web originating depicts mary christ child based painting chapter house stained glass east window butler windows north south walls dated contains oak cope late 13th century chapter house rebuilt design south choir aisle south aisle shortened scott given east end chapel stained glass window dated bell mosaic designed painting bell dated stained glass aisle design aisle contains tomb monk abbey 12th century wrote major work history entitled monument civil engineering contractor died designed monument died painted monuments member family south south parish church contains south wall east wall designed successor south window dated butler design stained glass bell monuments include died died died duke westminster designed memorial plaques members family wall southwest crossing pier monuments include casualties included year old west wall south memorials including royal_air_force restored 20th century stained glass windows contain images saints contains modern sculpture entitled water life roof dated designed east window designed dated stained glass west window depicting creation designed installed celebrate millennium west wall depicting struck woven 17th century cartoon paintings north wall represent arms chester library library present time abbey following dissolution monasteries cathedral library continued grow centuries 19th century neglected enlarged 1890s new added reorganisation took place 1920s 1980s contents contained separate sites cathedral programme repair contents instituted 2000s work carried refurbished library housed rooms opened library available research organised visits groups ministry chapter dean september installation vice dean canon september installation canon september installation canon chancellor canon librarian canon september installation time canon services cathedral place christian worship services held daily sunday holy communion day choral day wednesday music director music assistant director music assisted assistant organ weekly thursday monthly program music available cathedral website hymn writer canon chester earliest recorded appointment notable include composers conductor recording artist choral tradition chester years old dating foundation monastery heard chester usually choral services cathedral week chester cathedral choir male lay choral scholars boy girl built site monks dormitory addition singing services choir perform concerts tour abroad recording cds choir school chester come local schools mixed choir adults sings sunday evenings services choir takes concerts tours having founded 1860s longest running voluntary cathedral choir britain activities apart services variety events concerts exhibitions tours held cathedral weekly organ thursday concerts cathedral open visits individuals groups abbey café hired meetings purposes hugh 1st earl chester july cemetery chapter house 3rd earl 6th earl chester bishop bishop bishop cemetery colonial governor new_york america wealthy landowner new_york america loyal forced quit estates gallery | Chester Cathedral | Art and architecture | Architecture | Architecture – Religious |
8855_ChristChurch,Newton | christ church newton christ church newton known christ christian house worship located corner church street main street route newton new_jersey parish overseen newark diocese united_states_of_america congregation met december granted charter new_jersey royal governor behalf britain king george iii christ church oldest church newton oldest parish diocese newark current church building erected second structure built site example mode architecture patterned medieval english parish churches interior nave features stained glass windows depicting scenes life jesus fabricated september christ church newton included newton town plot historic district approved entered national_register_of_historic_places november history establishment letter rector provincial capital elizabeth reported visited northwestern province new_jersey november found families belonging church_of_england region reported frequently assemble private houses read anglican clergyman parts families met newton county seat december establish anglican parish august christ church formally incorporated rector christ church new town county sussex province new_jersey colony royal governor granted signed charter behalf britain king congregation petitioned colonial land agency asking assistance establish church board granted warrant acres land serve income generating support church tract chosen congregation located approximately miles south newton present day conveyed church december colony royal attorney general landowner merchant lands surveyed town plot congregation december encouragement episcopal religion maintenance support said church early history congregation called clergyman sent missionary lay reader area behalf rector according local historian built circa local land agent tenure held services newton sunday month served area roughly square miles km2 divided sundays congregations services held built described serves perform revolution supported cause american independence according tradition sheep basement use continental_army left christ church assistant new_york_city later served rector newark father served warden listed christ church rector late preached area newton remained clergyman appointment years services held irregularly court house era described long period dissolution congregation reported time operate school beginning december assisted english teacher taught classics remained charge son law assumed pulpit congregation church building erected beginning consecrated months later november building located corner church main streets tract land conveyed congregation local attorney gothic structure described small accommodated end tenure congregation compelled build new church building current building unstable unsafe construction congregation met county courthouse building located near courthouse newton town green current church present according year statistics aggregate marriages growth membership necessitated new larger fund construction new church building congregation sought permission state legislature sell lands granted warrant permission given congregation sold property congregation sold accompanying lands prominent lawyer october loan support construction provided warden generous financial contributor parish hamilton prominent political figure serving new jersey general assembly year speaker represented new_jersey 4th congressional district covering northwestern new_jersey united_states house_of_representatives year hamilton death widow sarah loan left church debt free construction local historian writes episcopal church adherence english gothic style late 1840s influence powerful bishop parish newton state adhere style diocese contracted building new church site old church building contractor newark new_jersey design architect service held july building consecrated october today structure boasts story bell tower previously tower topped foot high foot high cross removed struck lightning occasions built purpose thirty years renovated activity space church organizations fellowship october authorised purchase new located liberty street central facility parish activities constructed estate daughter law fourth rector reside completion architecture fittings september christ church newton placed newton town plot historic district approved entered national_register_of_historic_places november acre historic district comprises contributing structures built surveyed town plot town newton designed architect current church building erected example mode architecture designed simple style nave flanked shed patterned medieval english parish churches cornerstone laid august building constructed native blue limestone newark sandstone roof patterned black slate newton christ church contribution historic district includes church building gothic revival style built site includes eighteenth century federal style home colonel deputy assistant general continental_army american revolution parish original elected warden christ church newton attorney statewide prominence anderson sussex county appointed served home built originally located park place half block north church property faced newton town green relocated adjacent church property main street purchased christ church serves parish office marked historical plaque new_jersey completed church interior accommodate featured glass chancel window today interior adorned style window altar dedicated stained glass windows dedicated nave featuring scenes associated life jesus nave windows works oldest continuously run decorative arts firm include work designed stained glass artist including depictions eighteen served rector christ church newton son newark merchant began serve northwestern new_jersey addition newton covered area square miles including new_jersey founded lack bishop britain north american colonies traveled england ordained jurisdiction parishes church_of_england north_america departure pulpit remained time including reverend john later occasion second rector served newton congregation died honored town newton naming streets frame property parish old year tenure son law resigned superintendent schools served rector years resigned pulpit accept appointment president american minister essentially ambassador greece current rector received bachelor degree psychology studied university_of_oxford completing master degree yale_university | Christ Church, Newton | Art and architecture | Architecture | Architecture – Religious |
8974_Al-Masjidan-Nabawi | arabic prophet mosque mosque established originally built islamic prophet muhammad situated city saudi_arabia second mosque built history islam largest world second site islam open regardless date time site originally adjacent muhammad house settled emigration shared heavy work construction original mosque open air building mosque served community center court religious school raised platform people taught subsequent islamic rulers greatly expanded decorated place provided electrical lights mosque control holy mosque located traditionally center hotels old markets nearby major pilgrimage site pilgrims perform visit mosque connections life muhammad expansion reign incorporates final resting place muhammad notable features site green dome south east corner mosque originally house tomb muhammad located wooden built tomb later rebuilt renovated multiple times late 15th century current dome added ottoman sultan painted green known green dome history early days mosque built muhammad arrival city riding called arrived place mosque built land owned place drying dates end previously burial ground refusing accept land gift bought land took seven months complete construction mosque measured metres metres roof supported palm beaten clay palm leaves height metres doors mosque south west east mosque enlarged mosque extended metres rows columns built west wall place praying mosque remained reign second demolished houses mosque muhammad wives expand new mosque dimensions metres metres sun dried mud bricks construct walls enclosure floor roof height increased metres constructed gates entrance added people poetry demolished mosque months spent building new rectangular shaped mosque face turned new mosque measured metres metres number gates names remained enclosure walls stones laid mortar palm trunk columns replaced stone columns joined iron ceiling middle years ibn renovated mosque took years work completed raw materials byzantine_empire area mosque increased metre time metre wall built mosque houses wives muhammad mosque reconstructed shape length metres time built mosque connecting northern structure sanctuary time built constructed extended mosque north metres inscribed walls mosque planned remove steps abandoned idea owing causing damage woods built according inscription unspecified work mosque lined enclosure muhammad tomb marble built dome stone grave referred covered dome south east corner mosque constructed reign dome painted green came known green dome sultan took thirteen years rebuild mosque started red stone bricks main material reconstruction mosque floor area mosque increased square metre walls verses inscribed islamic northern mosque built teaching lessons took followers demolished nearly tomb dome order prevent said narrowly escaped fate considered tombs places thought possess supernatural powers offence muhammad tomb stripped gold jewel ornaments dome preserved unsuccessful attempt demolish hardened structure time ago wrote wish dome destroyed despite people praying tomb similar events took place retook time managed city foundation mosque underwent major modifications king ordered mosque way new wings east west prayer hall consisted concrete columns pointed arches older columns reinforced concrete copper rings replaced revival style additional erected northeast northwest mosque library built western wall house historic religious texts added square metres mosque area mosque expanded reign demolish buildings mosque completed area mosque million square feet additions mosque billion project increasing area mosque announced september reported end work accommodate million people march following year gazette wrote percent demolition work completed hotels eastern expansion leveled ground addition number houses utilities way expansion architecture mosque rectangular plan ottoman prayer hall faces south flat paved roof topped sliding square bases holes pierced base dome interior roof prayer peak times slide metal tracks shade areas roof creating light wells prayer hall times courtyard ottoman mosque shaded columns roof accessed stairs paved area mosque prayer equipped umbrella tents sliding retractable umbrella like designed german architect firm heart mosque houses special small area named gardens paradise extends muhammad tomb pulpit pilgrims attempt visit confines area tradition prayers rejected entrance area possible especially season space accommodate people considered paradise narrated muhammad said area house gardens paradise muhammad heaven currently mosque identify entire mosque red carpet holds tomb muhammad companions ibn fourth grave reserved jesus believed return buried site site covered constructed reign ottoman sultan painted green mosque built muhammad built built larger muhammad act functional muhammad commemorative mosque act praying include built muhammad original muhammad wood block date tree replaced dimensions centimetres metres ladder added use step respect prophet placed fabric dome rest stairs covered replaced later replaced marble late fifteenth century august mosque number feet high constructed titled added renovated renovation project metres high upper middle portion cylindrical octagonal square shaped respectively | Al-Masjid an-Nabawi | Art and architecture | Architecture | Architecture – Religious |
9194_PohErnShihTemple | temple chinese pinyin literally temple thanksgiving located small singapore southern coast buddhist temple built memorial lost lives villagers allied japanese soldiers temple abbot american monk appointed abbot buddhist temple singapore following major development project began religious building country incorporate friendly elderly friendly features partner temple conducts programmes talks discussions meditation courses chinese english buddhist community history located singapore southern coast facing hill factory process raw golden triangle sale china 19th century protect military facilities vicinity british colonial government placed heavy artillery guns onset second world war anticipation attacks japanese coast 1st 2nd battalion regiment 2nd regiment defended western southern parts singapore february despite running low ammunition food regiments strong resistance inflicting heavy toll japanese invaders outnumbered defenders finally overrun reinforced japanese forces officer second lieutenant captured alive tortured japanese executed story heroism known singapore based concept spirits soldiers civilians sacrificed japanese invasion world war temple constructed site established modest single storey temple philanthropist chinese temples singapore dedicated lee born county china joined father youth moving singapore set property business successful achieved positions leadership local chinese community widely known founders acting chairman japanese occupation early buddhist pioneers lee involved foundation singapore buddhist lodge western abbot born birmingham alabama united_states receiving doctorate literature buddhism united_states moving asia study buddhism joined received monastic meaning left malaya later visited singapore tour late american buddhist monk efforts number sunday schools set locally january offered honorary abbot buddhist temple singapore singapore assisted translation chinese english returned malaya spent later years lectures held lectures later compiled english chinese freely distributed died february cremated female buddhist pioneer born wealthy family china youngest child family taken mother receive early education sat waiting examination results english teacher left studies terminated studies returned mother seriously ill attended lectures disciple temple subsequently disciples studied responsible setting singapore promote buddhist education young school duties active voluntary worker buddhist community december embarked task translating chinese english accessible english educated assisted translation tasks offering suggestions improving english version awarded president appointed justice peace second president vice president world fellowship died trip india building design allow expansion old premises demolished reconstruction began office wing completed april phase project new storey building designed architect memorial hall san temple occupying square foot site new architectural synthesis classical features combined modern friendly technology civic consciousness conscious large percentage 60s honorary president director retired lawyer grandson temple founder chief architect ensure temple accessible elderly use gentle stretches gates upper levels temple storey building level fitted easily reached help buttons doors designed unlocked outside case emergency friendly features temple takes advantage singapore abundant sunlight having different kinds solar energy cells rooftop solar array solar array solar array water heated solar panels night lighting powered electricity converted solar energy breezy location wind generators erected convert wind activity electricity falls collected surface run offs rain temple grounds generate electricity charging batteries house electricity produced water highest floor temple passing hydroelectric generators system installed collected filtered line aim use resources furniture resident bamboo bamboo considered friendly materials use home harvested entire tree need bamboo allowed regain height years ready harvested second phase temple completed late featuring new statues storey temple today attract younger blood entered partnership buddhist fellowship non buddhist organisation known locally revolutionary projects activities intended ensure propagated contemporary language form fellowship members mainly english speaking professionals years age initially rented space contacted fellowship president chinese married english catholic offering use temple premises early took offer rent raised cent sum difficult fellowship afford rent charged temple fellowship paying increase demanded previous landlord fellowship moved square feet space event marked opening ceremony attended minister health fellowship spiritual patrons abbot group conducts programmes talks discussions meditation courses led visiting notable lay buddhist teachers temple open public daily admission free | Poh Ern Shih Temple | Art and architecture | Architecture | Architecture – Religious |
9266_ArmenianMonasticEnsemblesofIran | armenian monastic iran iran located provinces iran ensemble armenian churches established period 7th 14th centuries saint monastery chapel undergone renovations sites inscribed cultural 32nd session july world heritage list churches lie total area hectares acres inscribed criteria iii outstanding value showcasing armenian architectural decorative traditions major centre armenian culture region place pilgrimage key figure armenian religious traditions represent old armenian culture southeastern periphery ensemble good state preservation location iran located provinces iran ensemble consists armenian churches established period 7th 14th centuries saint monastery chapel undergone renovations churches lie total area hectares acres known black church province kilometres saint monastery kilometres west northwest iran history armenian people arrived northwestern iran known 6th century converted christianity early 4th century portion region forms historical armenia oldest armenian monasteries churches world located region iran region general home oldest churches iran according reports believed buried site 1st century responsible establishing monastery 4th century recorded proof dates 7th century second armenian church built following seat diocese 10th century destroyed earthquake rebuilt efforts bishop reign dynasty 15th century monasteries preserved monasteries deserted 16th 17th centuries following period attacks ottomans prompted central iran area monasteries renovated 18th century area conflicts domination russian ottoman persian finally gained control monasteries damaged era regained control monasteries rebuilt existing monastery rebuilt refurbished 1970s similarly recorded established new building constructed location 10th century major christian church history armenian independence development suffered damages earthquake rebuilt bishop entire 14th century centre influence region christian missionary work period marked creation literary manuscripts paintings religious themes monastery rebuilt period center religious activity refurbished 1970s period chapel built bank bishop modest lines making use earlier religious monument dated 10th 12th centuries period ottoman rule parts building destroyed later chapel came threat proposed dam shifted new location upstream world heritage status monasteries ensemble inscribed criteria iii outstanding value showcasing armenian architectural decorative traditions major centre armenian culture region place pilgrimage key figure armenian religious traditions represent old armenian culture southeastern periphery ensemble good state preservation architecture monuments represent blend architectural styles byzantine persian eastern orthodox persian muslim armenian cultures saint monastery saint monastery ensemble zones covers area hectares acres comprises monastery compound wall metres towers corners main monastery complex adjoining wall residential quarters built monks interior courtyard main religious structures located space metres large entrance built pillars main church called built greek cross plan umbrella shaped dome bell tower oldest ensemble crowned dome exterior artwork consists cut stone different colours armenian architectural art form ornamentation interior blend armenian persian themes northeast main monastery second zone kilometres away southeast monastery occupies area hectares acres location fifth chapel chapel saint monastery ensemble gorge borders central zone monastery area hectares acres main chapel located steep slope enclosed wall area metres residences built monks monastery length church built greek cross form metres height metres entrance topped bell tower built levels level rectangular shape second level pillars supporting umbrella shaped dome built style armenian religious architecture cut stone church paintings based similar ones blend christian islamic art forms downstream monastery area hectares acres village cemetery associated church located village destroyed church built form pillars supporting cemetery village tombs dated 16th century upstream kilometres away chapel meaning shepherd located close town bank area hectares acres preserved built rectangular plan metres dome supported rest structures chapel ruins chapel old chapel lies valley occupying area hectares acres present remnant large monastery existed entire chapel shifted new location metres away resulting dam built river building dismantled detailed plans dismantled elements numbered design new site stones new site rebuild chapel dome new stones numbered stones old site able according plan reconstruction carried period | Armenian Monastic Ensembles of Iran | Art and architecture | Architecture | Architecture – Religious |
9322_StCeidio'sChurch,Rhodogeidio | rural 19th century church near north wales built materials 14th century church previously stood site christian worship time 7th century present building contains east window dating 14th century 15th century font longer services looked local people grade listed building national designation given buildings special interest warrant effort preserve particular unusual built closely form detail medieval predecessor 19th century writers thought church spot guide churches describes pleasant location good views history location church dedicated 6th century british saint established number churches wales writing guide churches said site church dates 7th century 19th century antiquarian wrote history church thought location 14th century church rebuilt supervision rector 19th century church foundations materials predecessor time church site chapel ease church 15th century built serve chapel ease author noted regularly years restoration work carried local people miles west longer services ruins road countryside mile northwest set raised circular churchyard known welsh area takes church thought defended mound modified form saint defended mound architecture fittings constructed rubble masonry dressed roof slate stone 19th century west end roof seen inside entrance round headed doorway north wall west end body responsible built heritage wales says doorway 14th century guide buildings north west wales says date 17th century inside internal structural division nave chancel apart single step windows clear glass east window oldest dating 14th century single light section window external windows south wall window north wall date 19th century set rectangular frames windows topped elevated pulpit date 19th century church marble memorials walls dating 18th century 15th century octagonal font survey ancient historical monuments wales noted oak communion table inscribed silver cup lamps light church electricity connection assessment church national recognition statutory protection alteration designated grade listed building lowest grades listing designating buildings special interest warrant effort preserve given status listed simple mid-19th century church unusual built closely form detail medieval predecessor responsible inclusion welsh buildings statutory lists says means retains strong vernacular character writing rebuilt referred small spot 19th century writer describing rebuilt church complimentary expense moderate ancient foundations preserved stones present building better style strictly thought church spot welsh politician church historian sir visited church said rebuilding church neat style inside fairly arranged guide buildings region says tiny church raised circle trees calls ancient authors note east window comparable church comparison report guide churches describes standing pleasant quiet rural location good views directions | St Ceidio's Church, Rhodogeidio | Art and architecture | Architecture | Architecture – Religious |
9516_StDona'sChurch,Llanddona | church church small 19th century parish church village north wales church site built present building site dates designed rector time earlier material including decorated 15th century doorway 17th century bell church worship seven churches combined parish grade listed building national designation given buildings special interest warrant effort preserve particular regarded simple late 19th century essay gothic revival history location church steep hill near coast eastern mile village village takes parish church welsh word originally meant enclosure church modified form saint surrounded churchyard entered dated bears memorial 3rd baron stanley patron church according 19th century historian church built dedicated lived sea shore nearby presence church recorded taxation repairs carried 1840s 19th century writer recorded internal state extreme rural dean time state repair rector church entirely rebuilt design use worship belongs seven churches combined diocese rector reverend architecture fittings built rubble masonry dressed roof slate stone west end stone cross east end roof church entered porch south leads doorway dating 15th century rounded doorway decorated figures bird dog human face left right inside nave separated chancel step sanctuary raised step chancel roof seen inside window east end lights vertical sections separated topped curves set pointed arch external contains stained glass added depicting christ sea background centre left right images lion dove lamb eagle stone bearing date set upside wall east window windows plain smaller lights glass windows described unusual glass fittings late 19th century octagonal font uncertain date possibly 14th century bell dated survey ancient historical monuments wales recorded presence 18th century communion table cover dated silver cup dated churchyard churchyard contains commonwealth war graves soldier world war officer world war assessment national recognition statutory protection alteration designated grade listed building lowest grades listing designating buildings special interest warrant effort preserve given status january listed simple late 19th century essay gothic revival welsh government body responsible built heritage wales inclusion welsh buildings statutory lists notes simple character appropriate scale site guide buildings region described rebuilt | St Dona's Church, Llanddona | Art and architecture | Architecture | Architecture – Religious |
9671_Kataragamatemple | temple temple sri_lanka temple complex dedicated religious sites sri_lanka people collection modest dedicated important past jungle shrine difficult access today accessible weather road nearby managed apart dedicated 1940s majority pilgrims sri_lanka undertook pilgrimage foot pilgrims tend cult popular people number legends myths associated deity location differing religion ethnic affiliation time legends changing deity burgeoning popularity buddhist ritual specialists clergy try accommodate deity buddhist ideals change mode worship festivals changed hindu orientation buddhist rituals theology difficult reconstruct factual history place reason popularity indians based legends available literary evidence place history lack clear historic records resultant legends myths fuel conflict ownership mode worship priests temple known believed descended people claim temple nearby mountain peak locality number legends mosque tombs muslim pious men buried nearby temple complex connected similar temples dedicated path pilgrimage north south island traversed pilgrimage route 15th century vicinity temple complex secretive practices peculiar sri_lanka entire temple complex declared holy place government sri_lanka 1950s political leaders contributed maintenance history origin theories number theories origin shrine according mode rituals connected survival indigenous mode preceded arrival buddhist cultural influences sri_lanka centuries bce muslims tried opt deity rituals shrine according original shrine established guardian deity shrine buddhist temple complex particular shrine spot met local identity deity right rituals pilgrimage according happened 13th century popular 15th century poet identified location sacred spot literary evidence literary mention context sacred place tamil form 15th century poems tradition claims visited forest shrine composed poems according poems deity mountain mention form guardian deity sri_lanka buddhist relics chronicle written 16th century today thailand popular thai based deity sri_lanka mentioned historical annals known written 5th century mentions town named important dignitaries came receive sacred sent empire bce according derived city shortened evidence vicinity temple number ancient ruins inscriptions based dated inscriptions found nearby believed built renovated 1st century bce inscription offering apparently orders son king ruled inscription dated 7th century built sanctuary buddhist monks inscription mention trading town antiquity 2nd century bce indicated legends coins unearthed site region ancient kingdom played important role political history island role medieval phase history shrine began arrival 16th 17th century identified spot associations characters events following establishment forest shrine place pilgrimage indian shrine attracted local buddhist people forest indigenous mixed popularity increased place kings indigenous kingdom colonial occupation island indian workers brought british occupation began participate pilgrimage popularity shrine increased sections people legends hindu legends according buddhist texts main shrine dedicated known tamil sources known god war likeness coins issued centuries bce deity popularity waned survived known eventually fused local god war known known independently literature dated 2nd century bce 6th century way number legends woven deity birth accomplishments marriages including tribal princess known tamil sources written sanskrit 7th 8th century primary corpus literature tamil rendition known written 14th century expands legends meeting plays greater role india hardly know sri_lanka 4th century earlier known guardian deities 14th century invoked protect island accommodated non buddhist religion 11th 12th century worship documented royal family point past identified deity shrine known guardian deities sri_lanka numerous legends sprung try find independent origin hindu roots buddhist legends legends tells moved sri_lanka asked refuge refused came live refusal deity forced body piercing fire walking annual festival legend tries explain location shrine traditional patterns worship legends deity 1st century bce war shrine erected victory legend historic annals legend makes tamil spy sent live tamil locals death legend says legendary king born waiting able identify new strands legends legends 1970s burgeoning popularity shrine deity according practice peculiar dark represented current shrine located isolated place near shrine town power curse carried secret outside shrine place receives animal sacrifices directly invoked practices muslim legends muslim islamic legends relatively newer according muslims referred land number muslim pious holy men migrated india settled vicinity earliest known simple residence mosque called supposed discovered source water drunk provides historic figures died died built tombs legends kept mainstream culture sri_lanka deity consider lord rock primarily deity hunts deity building shrine leaves lance arrow planted middle structure dance shrine possessed spirits dead ancestors guide hunting party techniques places hunt felt cult taken aspects rituals traditions clan lived near shrine known temple clan extinct found eastern province 19th century local believed nearby mountain peak mountain deity deity coming shore married local woman named daughter chief resided mountain eventually settling current location temple layout small rectangular buildings ornamentation representative deities outside buildings contrast hindu temple sri_lanka india built stone dedicated shows timber construction left originally constructed plans improve people reluctant original shrine complex important known dedicated known statute deity instead holds spiritual drawing deity power complex largest pilgrims come visit representation deity kept adjoining room statue known clay arm chair known supposedly belonged covered leopard skin ceremonial instruments left main shrine lies smaller shrine dedicated hindu god known refer small rectangular building decoration left shrine stands shrine dedicated image large tree tradition holds sprung original tree held high esteem visiting attached western wall shrine complex dedicated outside temple yard northern gate lies shrine consort shrine managed india shrine dedicated consort main deity lies mosque close shrine tree sacred mosque number tombs muslim holy men separate shrine dedicated tomb known known buddhism doesn encourage beliefs gods sri_lanka annual pilgrimage deity attained position national god reflects similar position held cult known tamil literature earliest reference god help good hunting primary god hunter people mountainous region southern like sri_lanka advancement settled agriculture identified tribal god war popular segments society symbolically lance trees considered sacred birds identified deity special class priests identified worship advent north indian traditions arriving infused aspects god war legends attributed attributed deity major temples countless smaller temples legends developed bound worship tamil god included marriage cult legends sri_lanka claimed daughter chief south island town known sources associated worship cult worship prevalent sri_lanka known god found buddhist villages towns recognized guardian deities pilgrimage foot fulfill vows deity pilgrimage included india sri_lanka number temples east coast sri_lanka identified temple synchronized festivals based arrival pilgrims way north island include temples interior island temples built century aspect elite 1950s cult taken tone people people visit shrine year long annual festival looks like carnival people trance rituals associated fire walking body piercing hook swinging rituals carried island widely practiced prominent politicians associated temple building renovation cleaning projects festivals festivals daily rituals adhere standard buddhist rituals follows calls ancient traditions worship medieval period muslims tried opt temple deity worship rituals maintained native priests intact main festival known celebrated months july august days festival begins priests forest find branches sacred tree branches immersed local river kept dedicated main festival begins representing deity retrieved storage location street elephant carried shrine hours returned day festival left overnight shrine brought main shrine priests conduct rituals silence covering mouths white cloth associated main festival fire walking arranged master ritual hundreds participate fire walking participate dance forms called body piercing pilgrims exhibit signs possessed hindu buddhist conflicts sri_lanka history conflict minority majority political independence great_britain 1930s wrote tensions ownership mode ritual practice past majority pilgrims sri_lanka undertook pilgrimage foot roads constructed began pilgrimage increased tensions local ownership type rituals government behalf enabled complete takeover temple complex effect buddhist protests occurred development 1940s particularly restrictions placed tamil worship shrine typical tamil hindu rituals fire walking dance body piercing taken spread rest island buddhist takeover temple rituals profoundly affected rationale nature practiced sri_lanka personal deities found loss hindu influence temple complex negatively affected society according buddhist takeover precipitated overwhelming participation essentially hindu rituals worried buddhist establishment strong political religious pressure modify temple rituals conform orthodox world view cited literature | Kataragama temple | Art and architecture | Architecture | Architecture – Religious |
9900_Al-AqsaMosque | arabic hebrew known site islam located whilst entire site silver mosque sits dome rock seventeen gates historically known today narrower definition wider compound usually referred ash noble sanctuary site judaism muslims believe muhammad transported sacred mosque night journey islamic tradition holds muhammad led prayers site seventeenth month emigration god directed turn mosque originally small prayer house built rebuilt expanded finished son mosque completely destroyed earthquake rebuilt successor rebuilt earthquake destroyed years later built mosque stood present day periodic renovations undertaken ruling islamic constructed additions mosque dome facade interior structure captured jerusalem mosque palace dome rock church function mosque restored recapture renovations repairs additions undertaken later centuries ottomans jordan today israeli control mosque remains administration palestinian led etymology translates arabic english mosque refers chapter called night journey said muhammad traveled mosque heaven heavenly creature called confused particular building known names refer southern building silver lead dome centuries referred mosque entire sacred sanctuary referred specific site mosque changed period ottoman rule early 16th century sanctuary complex came known history pre construction mosque located referred muslims today noble sanctuary enclosure expanded king great beginning bce mosque resides artificial platform supported arches constructed engineers overcome difficult conditions resulting southward expansion enclosure valleys time second temple present site mosque occupied running southern wall enclosure destroyed temple jerusalem romans thought emperor dedicated god bearing virgin mary consecrated commonly known situated later constructed remains identified uncovered south analysis wooden beams panels removed mosque renovations 1930s shows cedar lebanon dating indicates large range ages old 9th century bce showing wood previously older buildings reported archaeologist worked earthquake discovered remains mosque publish book excavations included mosaic like byzantine churches jewish second temple period construction current construction mosque dated early period rule palestine architectural historian referring testimony monk pilgrimage palestine notes possibility second ibn erected primitive building capacity ash visited palestine reign possible ordered construction claim explicitly supported early muslim scholar according muslim scholars including din mosque reconstructed expanded dome rock guy strange claims materials destroyed church lady build mosque points possible evidence southeast corners mosque remains church planning magnificent project effect turn entire complex noble sanctuary wanted replace structure described sheltered structure necessary element grand scheme entire meant represent mosque modified aspect earlier building unknown length new building indicated existence traces bridge leading palace south western complex bridge spanned street running outside southern wall direct access mosque direct access palace mosque known feature period evidenced early sites shifted central axis mosque meters westward accord overall plan earlier axis represented structure niche known placing emphasis dome rock architects align new according position rock shifting main north south axis line running dome chain contrast referring claims son reconstructed mosque period months year workers damascus scholars agree mosque reconstruction started oversaw completion series earthquakes ravaged jerusalem destroying eastern section mosque subsequently rebuilt rule order finance reconstruction gold dome rock use money purchase material built likely measured meters earthquakes mosque damaged earthquake years established second far declared intent repair mosque gold silver plaques covered gates mosque removed turned finance reconstruction ended second earthquake damaged repairs excluding southern portion successor rebuilt curtailed length increased breadth renovation known written records describing jerusalem born arab recorded renovated mosque gates earthquake severely damaging mosque rebuilt completely renovated mosque number drastically reduced seven built arcades central hall aisle presently serve foundation mosque central aisle double width large roof dome wood constructed persian describes visit noble sanctuary lies eastern city quarter enter area great beautiful gateway passing gateway right great marble pillars capitals bases colored joints set lead pillars rise arches constructed masonry mortar cement arch constructed blocks stone lead near jerusalem captured crusade named mosque solomon temple distinguishing dome rock named temple god dome rock turned christian church care mosque royal palace stable horses transformed headquarters period mosque underwent structural changes including expansion northern porch addition dividing wall new church built site structures constructed vaulted western eastern building western currently serves women mosque eastern leadership jerusalem following siege repairs renovations undertaken order prepare mosque friday prayers week capture toilets grain stores installed removed floors covered precious interior predecessor sultan commissioned construction new pulpit ivory wood completed death added mosque november sultan damascus built northern porch mosque gates added gates mosque eastern ottomans assumed power undertake major renovations repairs mosque included building fountain restoration building free standing notable dome prophet built construction ordered ottoman governors jerusalem additions existing mosque restored governor having dilapidated state modern era renovation 20th century occurred grand jerusalem commissioned turkish architect restore monuments council commissioned british architects egyptian engineering experts local officials contribute oversee repairs additions carried renovations included reinforcing mosque ancient foundations interior columns replacing beams arches drum main dome interior rebuilding southern wall replacing timber central nave slab concrete renovations revealed inscriptions interior arches covered arches decorated gold green timber tie beams replaced brass quarter stained glass windows carefully renewed preserve original designs severe damage caused earthquakes mosque repaired august fire started visitor australia named member evangelical christian sect known hoped burning second coming jesus making way rebuilding jewish temple subsequently hospitalized mental institution response incident summit islamic countries held year hosted saudi_arabia late king saudi_arabia fire regarded formation 1980s members plotted blow mosque believed blowing cause spiritual awakening israel solve problems jewish people hoped temple jerusalem built location mosque january israeli troops fired rubber bullets tear gas protesters outside mosque wounding october killed injured protests triggered announcement group religious jews going lay cornerstone temple september opposition leader israel members armed guards visited compound large group went protest visit members left demonstration erupted grounds began throwing stones projectiles israeli riot police police fired tear gas rubber bullets crowd injuring people visit sparked year uprising commonly referred commentators citing subsequent speeches officials particularly claim planned months advance early july return camp david talks september israeli government deployed riot police mosque group left mosque friday prayers stones police police stormed mosque compound firing live ammunition rubber bullets group killing wounding november israeli police entered time capturing jerusalem said director previous media reports referred compound mosque architecture rectangular square meters mosque square meters hold long wide unlike dome rock reflects classical byzantine architecture characteristic early islamic architecture dome remains original dome built present day dome built consists wood lead dome reconstructed concrete covered aluminum instead original lead work aluminum outer covering replaced lead match original design dome built periods damascus great mosque interior dome painted 14th century era decorations burning paintings assumed lost completely reconstructed technique method uses fine vertical lines distinguish reconstructed areas original ones facade porch facade mosque built instructions crowned consisting arcades small columns damaged facade restored renovated addition covering facade tiles second hand material facade arches includes sculpted ornamental material taken structures jerusalem facade consists fourteen stone arches style outer arches added follow general design entrance mosque facade central arch porch located facade central bays porch built crusade nephew ordered construction porch interior mosque seven additional small halls west east southern section building stained glass windows mosque eras fourth restored mosque interior supported columns white marble stone column rows central heavy remaining rows better capitals columns different kinds central aisle heavy designed dome order italian white marble capitals eastern aisle heavy basket shaped design east west dome basket shaped smaller better columns piers connected architectural rave consists beams roughly squared timber enclosed wooden great portion mosque covered drum dome walls immediately beneath decorated marble paintings italian artist introduced repairs undertaken mosque earthquake ravaged mosque ceiling mosque painted funding king egypt pulpit mosque built named orders sultan intended gift mosque capture jerusalem took years build died controlled jerusalem captured city installed structure ivory carefully crafted wood arabic floral designs inscribed destruction replaced simpler january head islamic charge stated new installed installed february design new drawn based exact replica finished period years built jordan period years ancient methods joining pieces instead nails employed computer images design pulpit fountain mosque main fountain known cup located north mosque dome rock perform ritual washing hands arms legs feet face entry mosque built governor enlarged accommodate originally supplied water solomon pools near currently receives water pipes connected jerusalem water supply 20th century provided stone seating fountain built ottomans located north mosque platform dome rock drinking 1940s today stands monumental structure religious significance islam islam term refers entire noble sanctuary mosque believed second house prayer constructed post era islamic scholars traditionally identified mosque site referred chapter night journey specific verse cemented significant religious importance islam specific passage reads praise servant journey night sacred sanctuary sanctuary muslims traditionally identify sacred sanctuary sanctuary mosque initially era scholars disagreement location sanctuary arguing actually located near eventually scholarly consensus determined location jerusalem according islamic traditions place muhammad went night journey rode took muhammad prayed finished prayers angel traveled heaven met led prayer historical significance mosque islam emphasized fact muslims turned prayed period sixteen seventeen months migration direction muslims faced prayer muhammad later prayed receiving revelation prayer session relocated muslims directed pray altering precisely reason despite identifying mosque muhammad ascend heaven arrival prayed facing built structure significance particular spot superseded islamic change site according early generally accepted islamic tradition entering conquered jerusalem consulted jewish convert islam came best spot build mosque suggested rock jerusalem replied correspond judaism immediately conversation began clean site filled trash debris muslim followers imitated site clean prayed spot believed muhammad prayed night journey reciting sad according tradition site mosque noble sanctuary place david solomon prayed constructed small prayer house southern corner platform taking care avoid allowing rock come mosque direction muslims face prayed religious status jerusalem recognized sacred site islam mention jerusalem understood islamic scholars earliest times passages refer jerusalem jerusalem mentioned times academics attribute jerusalem rise expansion certain type literary genre known history cities inspired muslims especially period city status holy texts point political motives dynasty led jerusalem islam later medieval scripts modern day political tracts tend classify site islam example quotes saying prophet god muhammad said prayer sacred mosque worth prayers prayer mosque worth prayers prayer mosque worth prayers mosque addition refers mosque site islam calls arab sovereignty current situations administration jordan held control mosque day war israel victory war israel transferred control mosque northern noble sanctuary islamic trust independent israeli government permitted patrol conduct searches perimeter mosque arson attack employed architects technicians committee carry regular maintenance operations israel attempted increase muslim control way israeli policies escalating presence israeli security forces site second activities included abandoned structures head manager mosque assigned role jerusalem palestinian president ownership mosque contentious issue israel palestinian conflict israel claims sovereignty mosque noble sanctuary hold site islamic negotiations camp david summit demanded complete ownership mosque islamic holy sites current access muslim residents israel living normally allowed enter pray mosque restrictions security measures israeli government occasionally prevents certain groups muslims reaching blocking entrances complex restrictions vary time time times restrictions prevented men women entering married men allowed restrictions enforced occasion friday prayers times extended period time restrictions severe followed restrictions israeli government states restrictions place security reasons non muslim visitors enter mosque getting ticket procedure ended second began years later negotiation israel jordan result allowing visitors enter excavations excavations outside took place following war israeli authorities commenced intensive excavations outside walls mosque southern western sides believed tunnels dug order undermine foundations denied claimed closest excavation mosque meters south dug tunnel near western portion mosque according special envoy jerusalem buildings structures deteriorating disputes israeli palestinian governments actually responsible site february department started site archaeological remains location government wanted rebuild collapsed pedestrian bridge leading entrance non muslims complex site meters away mosque excavations provoked anger islamic world israel accused trying destroy foundation mosque prime minister leader called unite protest excavations said end israel israel denied charges calling | Al-Aqsa Mosque | Art and architecture | Architecture | Architecture – Religious |
10029_VimalaTemple | temple temple temple hindu temple dedicated goddess located temple complex indian state generally regarded temples dedicated hindu goddess temple located south west corner inner enclosure temple complex western corner tower sacred pond temple faces east built sandstone built style components structure containing assembly hall festival hall hall offerings temple renovated maintained small shrine temple complex temple important goddess oriented main shrine considered consort guardian temple complex pay respect main temple food offered offered goddess oriented festival hindu month october celebrated sixteen days culminating history central icon sixth century present structure based architecture built ninth century dynasty possibly ruins earlier temple architecture similar shrine near temple hall temple complex dated ninth century states temple constructed ruler kings known title sculptures especially attendant deities background slab central icon reflect style original temple ruins new temple constructed believed preceded central shrine hindu philosopher saint 8th century believed established presiding goddess according author temple centre worship central forms hindu goddess form sect devoted goddess worship strong 17th century slowly centric traditions eroded remnants continue centric sole tradition includes fish meat liquor grain ritual intercourse replaced vegetarian offerings dance fish caught locally offered goddess king ruled ended meat fish offerings goddess tradition later partly today goddess offered meat fish special days architecture temple located south west corner inner enclosure temple complex right hand western corner tower sacred pond temple faces east built sandstone built style components structure containing assembly hall festival hall hall offerings temple maintained renovated tall building shape feet height shape feet square stands feet platform decorated lotus floral designs outer wall divided parts base intervening wall ornate type niche floral designs love making couples men intervening second wall decorated lion faced beast elephant faced lion lion scene teaching disciples monster face motifs guardian gods directions outer wall horizontal decorated beautiful human floral lotus motifs fourth wall decorated type niche erotic scenes floral designs figures female consort seen mounts aligned respective directions images attendant deities placed central outer wall sides armed south armed goddess standing west niche north probably goddess figure stolen attendant deity niche frames decorated motifs female accompany niche outer wall horizontal ornate lotus floral motifs lies topped style temple pinnacle goddess sixth century inner chamber devoid wall decorations central icon holds upper right hand lower right hand held giving gesture lower left holds pitcher considered filled life attribute upper left hand heavily disputed descriptions include human object holds weapons normally attributed icon installed lion throne adorned figures goddess female maya sides image said type wax slightly taller feet door flight stairs leads centre surrounded deities classical planets carved decorated flowers boys playing gate keeper surround door square building pyramid shaped roof feet height feet square base stands feet high platform decorated floral designs outer wall divided parts intervening adorned having couples erotic scenes floral motifs motifs second wall barring wall horizontal fourth wall resembles counterpart goddess sculptures wall seven horizontal central portion decorated dancing women couples elephants deer decorative arch northern southern sides royal court scenes window frames windows decorated playing boys floral designs dancing women structure topped inner walls ornamentation discussed section similar style decoration feet height shape feet length feet probably later addition original temple consisted stands feet platform divisions outer wall topped small pinnacle door ways wall inner walls adorned style traditional paintings depicting sixteen forms hindu goddess including feet height shape feet square stands feet platform outer wall divisions topped small pinnacle armed dancing armed headed standing sons occupy western inner wall ceiling floral paintings lotus design middle downwards opening female guard door flight steps eastern doorway serves main entrance temple entrance shrine outside feet lion goddess mount vehicle riding elephant victory good evil covered flat roof religious significance temple considered sacred temples hindu goddess identified consort god considered prime example importance cult customary worship form male counterpart guardian presiding goddess goddess oriented worship regarded presiding goddess form god krishna krishna generally regarded avatar departure usual tradition form temple complex hindu trinity trinity interpreted convey god regard generally associated consort considered consort conversely consider form main deities elder brother krishna identified younger sister krishna centric traditions orthodox consort temple complex consort guardian goddess temple complex identified texts rituals considered climactic festivities temple appears slayer demon warrior form 13th century stone originally housed lists according hindu legend daughter married wish organised great sacrifice invite reached site ignored unable withstand insult sacrificed fire wild grief stricken universe half burnt corpse finally body parts fell different places earth creating list differ religious texts mention temple complex calls location names centres mentioned corresponding cardinal directions clearly identified west hosts temple identified consort similar list mentions identified section mentions present day presiding goddess body fell version text site subordinate left partially eaten food said fallen temple location called blue mountain traditional site temple complex mentioned respectively work names set supernatural powers gained temple list temples mentions goddess notes sacred pilgrimage site mentions deities list mother named mentions feet fell worship people pride temple consider important temple goddess visit visit temple day hymns attributed sage composed prescribed pay respects goddess main temple waters sacred pool considered holy visit temple consider important central shrine goddess oriented festival hindu month october celebrated sixteen days culminating titular king goddess believed slain demon day earliest record king reign tenth day goddess believed assume destructive aspect women temple considered weak hearted witness terrible form goddess food offerings generally separate food offerings cooked goddess goddess described survive remnants meals vegetarian food offerings offered consists dried rice mixed cheese butter head receives pot plate offered goddess presiding goddess temple legend narrates tale tradition offering taboo visit saw food grains fallen ground finished meal quickly picked grain unbeknownst half stuck beard returned sage saw half grain beard ate consort upset rightful share eaten mood went complained saying present era hindu beliefs live daily eat remnants food time year separate food cooked goddess offered non vegetarian offerings offered non vegetarian food animal sacrifice traditionally offered hindu mother goddess goddess considered assume destructive form festival meat considered necessary strict secrecy pre dawn hours animal sacrifice goat offered temple fish sacred temple tank cooked offered rituals rituals completed doors main vegetarian opened dawn morning offered god temple witness ceremony given cuisine animal sacrifice non vegetarian offerings produced protests | Vimala Temple | Art and architecture | Architecture | Architecture – Religious |
10205_Jokhang | chinese known temple buddhist temple square capital city general consider temple sacred important temple temple currently maintained school accept buddhism temple architectural style mixture indian design design founded reign king according tradition temple built king princess chinese dynasty said brought important buddhist statues images china housed oldest temple built years temple enlarged times renovation fifth following death image temple moved temple security reasons king ruled image temple hidden king minister hostile spread buddhism late ninth early tenth centuries temples said stables renowned teacher buddhism taught 14th century temple associated india 18th century emperor dynasty following war allow visit temple exclusive place worship chinese development temple cultural revolution red guards attacked temple decade worship renovation took place extension palace world heritage site artists worked temple design construction location temple considered spiritual heart city sacred center ancient network buddhist temples focal point commercial activity city maze streets metres east palace market square central walkway pilgrims walk temple takes minutes square marked stone temple rear etymology house mysteries ancient king built temple capital city known goats goats earth construction king death known temple called temple lord derived primary image chinese known history viewed country living entity controlled pronounced wild opposed propagation buddhism country evil intentions king king unified developed plan build temples country temples built stages stage central covered temples known horns temples built outer areas second stage yang built country temple finally built heart ensuring forge ties neighboring sent envoys seeking daughter hand marriage king accepted daughter came king wife image brought temple middle lake known wishing obtain second wife china sent ambassador emperor dynasty daughters rejected king proposal considering announced marriage daughters king infuriated mounted attacks tribal areas affiliated dynasty attacked city telling emperor aggression emperor agreed proposal sent gift gold suit armour request marriage conceded giving princess king went chinese wife king known brought image young prince image temple originally named temple shrine image known country revered idol oldest temple built find location temple king reportedly tossed hat ring version ahead promise build temple hat landed landed lake white memorial monument suddenly emerged temple built version legend founded temple install statue brought queen selected site according chinese lake filled leaving small pond visible fed ancient lake temple built filled area centuries temple enlarged renovation carried fifth temple design construction attributed death queen reportedly moved statue temple temple secure chinese attack temple known chapel hiding place reign king persecuted king minister hostile buddhism time image temple hidden underground reportedly people failed locate images temples moved monks persecuted driven anti buddhist activity late ninth early tenth centuries temples said stables renowned teacher buddhism taught died found pillar document said testament beginning 14th century temple associated india said image year old earlier located india indicating historical ritual links india second pal land snow gangs occupation war dynasty drove isolated neighbors period lasting century called dark age outside country forbidden emperor suggested equally effective worship chinese development square walkway temple destroyed inner walkway converted plaza leaving short walkway pilgrimage route square religious objects related pilgrimage sold cultural revolution red guards attacked decade worship monasteries renovation began complete end persecution temple consecrated visited large number come worship temple inner revolution temple spared destruction reportedly boarded time portions reportedly housed pigs chinese army barracks soldiers burned historic scriptures time hotel inscribed pillars outside temple flanking north south entrances monument march known forever following tablet chinese records advice prevent smallpox believed stone powers second far older pillar metres high crown shape palace inscription dated tablet number names number tablet asia changing alliance tablet uncle nephew alliance tablet dynasty peace alliance tablet inscription chinese treaty king chinese emperor boundary countries inscriptions enclosed brick walls square developed sino treaty reads china shall occupation east country great china west question country henceforth shall war seizing territory person suspicion shall arrested business shall shall escorted according images temple image clay temple small wooden statue brought hidden image temple years died soul believed entered small wooden statue cultural revolution clay image smashed smaller given extension palace world heritage site facilitate conservation efforts temple listed group categorized level tourist site architecture temple covers area hectares acres built seventh century rooms floors house scriptures sculptures temple brick lined floors columns door frames carvings wood period conflict followers buddhism indigenous religion changes rule affected dynasty improvements temple second floors hall annex buildings built 11th century main hall story hall temple east west orientation facing west honour additionally monastery main gate faces west aligned axis beginning arch gate followed hall enclosed passage monks inside entrance guardian kings main shrine ground floor floor murals residences monks private room residences monks sides shrine temple wood stone architecture features buddhist style influences china indian design roof covered bronze tiles decorated central tall large paved courtyard porch leads open courtyard concentric circles temples outer circle inner circle outer circle circular path number large prayer wheels path leads main shrine surrounded temple murals remains depicting arrival queen image image brought king wife initially kept moved kept rear center inner temple remained platform eighth century number occasions moved image amidst king times main hall ground floor bronze statue metres tall representing age image crown cover shoulder diamond forehead wears pearl seated lotus position lotus throne left hand lap right hand touching earth number surround dedicated gods important patron saint thousand eyes thousand arms flanking main hall halls past future incarnations central axis warrior guard middle halls left addition main hall adjoining halls sides hall dozens square metre prince chapel floor including sculptures princess minister inventor script halls surrounded enclosed decorations winged human animal flowers grasses carved superstructure images variety expressions carved roof temple complex images deities including foot image historical figures addition manuscripts objects temple walls decorated religious historical murals rooftop roof ridges iconic statues golden deer flanking wheel victory flags monstrous fish temple interior dark labyrinth illuminated candles filled portions temple rebuilt original elements remain wooden beams shown carbon dating original door frames columns dating seventh eighth centuries brought addition walking temple spinning prayer wheels pilgrims approaching main deity crawl considerable distance main shrine prayer worship hail jewel lotus pilgrims queue sides platform place ceremonial neck touch image knee walled enclosure near dynasty peace alliance tablet contains willow known willow princess willow willow reportedly planted princess buddhist scriptures sculptures sizable significant collection cultural artifacts including dynasty bronze sculptures finely sculpted figures different shapes dynasty hundreds notable paintings date reign silk preserved collection boxes printed red carved boxes gift select | Jokhang | Art and architecture | Architecture | Architecture – Religious |
10237_StCristiolus'sChurch,Llangristiolus | church medieval church near village north wales village mile building takes church founded present building dates 12th 13th centuries alterations 16th century large east window perpendicular style added chancel window described guide buildings north wales big fit wall restoration work took place mid-19th century windows added chancel largely rebuilt church use weekly sunday services welsh english churches combined parish grade listed building national designation given particularly important buildings special interest particular age east window church contains decorated font 12th century memorials 18th 19th 20th centuries 19th century methodist minister buried graveyard history location central north wales situated south roads raised ground modern village mile west church village takes church welsh word originally meant enclosure church modified form saint date foundation building site unknown guide churches wrote thought established church 7th century saint little detail known follower saint associated christian community wales credited foundation church modern day south wales brother established church mid wales present building dates 12th century medieval building parish 13th century chancel extended older church rebuilt previous stones time position rector parish held person holding position office longer case structural changes church early 16th century windows added chancel restoration work took place nave chancel architect diocese chancel rebuilt east wall window retained windows added church regular use belongs churches combined churches diocese current incumbent appointed vicar position vacant years despite attempts church wales fill assisted associate priest associate services held sunday morning alternating bilingual service service services people associated church include elected professor university_of_oxford shortly death father thomas perpetual church 19th century writer priest time early 1860s 19th century preacher born parish buried graveyard surrounds church architecture fittings church built rubble masonry mainly dressed nave measures feet inches long feet inches wide chancel measures feet inches long feet inches wide nave bays chancel east end nave bays slightly wider nave nave chancel external buttresses internally chancel arch dates 13th century feet wide feet floor arch supporting pillars feet tall windows early 16th century chancel large east window perpendicular style contrast rest church mainly decorated style headed lights separated vertical measures feet inches widest point feet inches tallest unlike windows church contains coloured glass smaller window north wall dates time square frame containing lights matching window added 19th century opposite wall windows church 19th century designs window north wall nave stained glass added memorial local residents died 1990s entrance porch probably dating 16th century south building west end nave west end roof slate ornate bell added kennedy plain iron crosses porch chancel inside roof exposed choir stalls added 19th century nave brass memorial chancellor died wife son memorials inside church including parish died world war circular font west end dates 12th century decorative panels group north west wales medieval decorative style showing links irish norse artistic traditions similar found author says patterns nearby county closely linked patterns stone crosses churchyard churchyard contains commonwealth war graves east ground buried british_army soldiers world war north north west church buried soldiers world war assessment church national recognition statutory protection alteration designated grade listed building second highest grade listing designating particularly important buildings special interest given status january listed medieval church unusually dates substantially 12th 13th centuries body responsible built heritage wales inclusion welsh buildings statutory lists notes fine 16th century rebuilding chancel chancel window chancel arch described guide buildings north west wales best arch region fine east window big fit wall 19th century antiquarian described church structure exhibiting excellent architectural details decorated east window good design enriched writing kennedy restoration work clergyman antiquarian noted wooden gallery west end font inscribed described chancel arch displaying good character welsh politician church historian sir visited church wrote fair specimen better sort church nave chancel good proportions chancel properly distinguished developed said chancel arch considerable unusual having excellent shafts middle pointed character | St Cristiolus's Church, Llangristiolus | Art and architecture | Architecture | Architecture – Religious |
10475_BeiyueTemple | temple temple chinese temple located china temple sacrifices emperors song dynasty mountain occupied largest earliest important extant wooden buildings built dynasty temple contains gates octagonal pavilion ancient history temple established dynasty site use early 2nd century bce temple rebuilt twice having destroyed according surviving image temple dating local history written temple time achieved present layout song dynasty alternate site sacrifices sacred mountains time controlled order maintain political legitimacy receive support chosen location sacrifices mountain controlled song believed vein direct sacrifices cut enemy controlled territory reach architecture temple laid north south axis featuring extant buildings south north buildings gate octagonal building called pavilion built dynasty gates hall large platform hall features remains stone sculptures site hall according signs temple buildings rebuilt late 20th century wall surrounding temple city wall surrounded south gate temple served main gates town apart remnant temple survives wall temple grounds home dating dynasty hall main hall temple built dynasty hall fronted massive platform known literally moon platform measures meters built high platform hall accessed center attached perimeter platform white marble capped lions hall measures seven bays surrounded covered arcade according architectural treatise 6th type column support roof type transverse horizontal arms 6th complex survive dynasty based complex marble height platform identifies hall eminent important extant wooden halls date period characteristics closely match descriptions architecture capital meaning hall representative architecture dynasty capital currently beijing murals painted walls western wall mural said painted dynasty measures meters features local water deity winged similar dimensions western mural eastern mural portrays dragon king hall contains statues dating recent period hall | Beiyue Temple | Art and architecture | Architecture | Architecture – Religious |
10879_SurbKarapetMonastery | monastery armenian known names armenian monastery historic province northwest present day eastern turkey translates holy precursor refers john baptist remains believed stored site early fourth century monastery subsequently served stronghold house claimed holy warriors john baptist patron saint expanded renovated times later centuries 20th century large fort like enclosure historically monastery religious center prominent pilgrimage site considered important monastery turkish western armenia second important armenian monasteries 12th century monastery seat diocese armenian population early 20th century attracted pilgrims occasions annually host large celebrations monastery burned robbed armenian genocide later abandoned stones local building purposes names history monastery known names common names meaning monastery father superior spelled classical spelling reformed spelling western armenian location called classical spelling reformed translating monastery springs turkish sources refer turkish church bell towers meaning church bells village located provide version armenian turkish sources travel guides generally fact armenian monastery history foundation middle ages according tradition site founded early fourth century went spread christianity following conversion king iii armenia time hindu temples brass statues established indian princes dedicated gods site razed ground erected house remains brought according sources pagan temples dedicated suggests armenia qualities pagan god passed john baptist folk belief held demons kept underneath monastery released second coming suggested foundation monastery probably connected rise monastic movement archbishop father superior mentioned author history work generally attributed unknown scholars convinced work original composition later period post eighth century written deliberate main purpose asserting monastery relatively short historical romance tells story members house son son known patron saint defended monastery churches district sixth century chronicler served father superior best remembered armenian calendar monastery possessions expanded seventh century building reduced ruins earthquake century subsequently rebuilt chapel founded late ninth century following establishment school founded monastery 11th century built palace monastery destroyed fire church wooden roof following death monastery attacked muslims killed monks abandoned monastery year modern period century chapel built according 17th century traveler leadership monastery large gifts turkish order secure monastic properties 16th 18th centuries monastery sheltered fleeing ottoman persian wars church destroyed persian troops 18th century earthquakes hit monastery especially devastating destroyed main church bell tower southern wall monastic complex underwent complete reconstruction square chamber placed church axis destined civil religious use enlarged renovation carried monks cells sections 19th century gangs seized robbed monastery destroying furniture manuscripts monastery prospered beginning father superior simultaneously sought reform way donations handled establishing council finance community projects money went monks affluent region offered fierce opposition including attempts life year founded largely secular school monastery called singer writer studied april june published journal monastery written modern armenian rendered easily ordinary people journal sought raise national consciousness edited total issues published left monastery armenian patriarch constantinople monastery according french travelers possessed large areas land took hours end estate covered forests fields farms thousand goats sheep cattle horses taken care servants founded monastery housed school children library according british traveler visited monastery presence threat suspicions turkish government monastery stripped glamour monks little better prisoners state monastery robbed early 20th century monastery structure deteriorating decline continued start world war destruction current state armenian genocide monastery housed large number escaping turkish forces resisted months according contemporary reports thousand near wall monastery monastery sacked robbed according american missionaries turks slaughtered thousand men women children gathered courtyard monastery command german officer russian troops armenian volunteers temporarily took control area transferred manuscripts 18th century right hand john baptist silver area recaptured turks subsequently ceased exist spiritual center architectural monument remained abandoned 1960s families settled site buildings village include stones monastery cross stones embedded walls remaining stones systematically carried local building purposes according historian traces chambers chapel remain rest monastery remains consist foundations ruined walls reconstruction efforts president culture batman van formal appeal interior requesting reconstruction monastery removal houses location stated according treaty turkish government obliged preserve religious institutions structures religious minorities including armenian community added letter government agencies promised clean site months architecture monastery surrounded strong walls similar fortress called vast walled lynch visited described monastery follows walled enclosure like fortress massive door impression lonely enter court face handsome porch façade white marble decade earlier english traveler wrote monastery buildings stone massive irregular rising angles hardly architecture picturesque appearance characteristic greek monasteries structure monastery complex composed main church dedicated east holy mother god holy precursor saint george main church typical armenian church large hall believed originally functioned chamber built gray stones supported columns high cylindrical drums conical roofs chapel provided monks feast storey bell tower built 18th century monk cells accommodations pilgrims 19th century building monastic school cultural significance monastery historically religious center 12th century monastery seat diocese armenian population circa considered largest eminent shrine western turkish armenia second important armenian monastery remained prominent pilgrimage site world war people corner armenia monastery usually held festivities monastery yard considered believers renowned perceived ability heal physically mentally ill monastery popularly known sultan literally translating sultan epithet sultan bestowed reference high status lord master monastery housed tombs princes shrine served abbey according lynch tombs wolf found near southern wall monastery annual events monastery center large annual celebrations secular events took place surroundings horse races walking competitions festivals assumption mary horse racing competitions held involved large number people walking widely practiced historically related worship monastery tradition monastery traditional pilgrimage site armenian folk musicians compared mount greece home prominent 18th century recorded trip monastery seek divine grace cultural references numerous songs dedicated monastery novel mentions monastery describes perceived describes monastery poem morning seven thousand line long poem bell tower mentions monastery known bells poem published dedicated intellectuals deported april genocide recognized powerful literary responses armenian genocide historical novel published describes winter scene monastery october discussion bill formally recognize opposition ended speech saying let guided silver cross august armenian style silver cross attributed seller appeared russian auction website valued said trying verify details news reports auction art historian noted seller provide information added delicate silver work known | Surb Karapet Monastery | Art and architecture | Architecture | Architecture – Religious |
11104_ImmaculateConceptionCatholicChurch(Celina,Ohio) | ohio parish roman_catholic_church ohio united_states founded later catholic parishes heavily catholic region western ohio owns complex buildings constructed early 20th century designated historic sites architecture leading massive church built style years catholic moved city called northwestern ohio church building parish history catholics active southern 1830s baptist parish parish established parish parish founded despite growing catholic presence south county seat strongly protestant early history donated lots use congregations baptist methodist presbyterian single catholic resident village quarter century beginning catholics began migrate starting mass celebrated factory owned members time priest lived typically pastor holy parish nearby parish formally erected dedicated conception creation parish catholics attracted parish grew point church building needed came lay cornerstone august members building fund year following completed november dedicated december building brick structure measuring approximately feet feet cost build parish continued grow building fund new started construction replacement church building began following year dedicated cost early twentieth century widely considered finest church building northwestern ohio decades later architecture dominates downtown parish earliest years members missionaries precious blood provided pastoral care members member society priests served decade priest live arrived members acquired small frame house use soon arrival parish constructed building school structure built school stories tall measured approximately feet feet replaced frame building school started convent built house sisters precious blood came year teach parish school replaced larger structure located northeast rest buildings related parish today conception continues active parish cincinnati lady parish jesus parish churches buildings church church large brick building constructed shape greek cross designed built supervision revival structure erected centered large bronze dome enter building eastern end facade pierced large massive rose window facade square towers includes octagonal topped smaller bronze dome inside church heavily decorated walls feature paintings altar distinctly style entire building rests stone foundation basement architectural historians grouped precious blood related churches far western ohio different generations composed primarily small log buildings years settlement second composed moderately sized brick churches built composed large high gothic revival churches massive towers constructed fourth composed churches built wide range styles place end generation significant revival style period common fourth generation soon arise putting somewhat transitional place fourth generations located immediately west church large square story brick house residence serve parish members bought frame house near church new school building completed priest moved old school parish spent buy land immediately west church land built present divided bays bays sits foundation cut stone stone water table basement individuals enter large southern house smaller doorway rear eastern house dominating appearance house street large style porch supported large stone columns southern facing house enclosed porch smaller stories high supported wooden pillars located rear portion house east projecting house porch small wing window elaborate house built combination styles includes details design appears influenced architecture elementary school sitting immediately north church erected cost stories tall built brick flat asphalt roof divided sixteen bays sides leading architectural features central projection eastern arched doorway projection ornamental panels entrance school occupies site earlier school built present building constructed previous structure small early years present building housed elementary school high school year course years continued growth high school new building constructed specifically opposite street architect elementary school unknown member family related designer church building unlike newer building old elementary school remains functioning school building falling enrollment increasing expenses school losing significant amounts money late 2000s operating school cost school year income church announced close school end school year finances improved markedly high school located eastern buildings church complex built supervision william building designed relative architect designed church building nephew architect designed elementary school members family lived primarily community designed churches religious buildings surrounding region including area church built tall tower designed church building constructed new parish northern village architectural historians believe building designed family entity connected missionaries precious blood school closed end school year late 1970s parish longer needed high school building remained church ownership leased use use ninth grade academy stories tall high school brick stone building constructed concrete foundation basement topped flat composite roof overall shape square divided thirteen bays sixteen bays sides floor west facing main facade pierced large main entrance features arched entrance cross tipped stone similar entrance present building southern prominent architectural features stone columns main facade groups windows story columns rise different heights creating distinctive vertical effect style common conservative modernist architects wish combine older designs current trends historic elements simplified given modernist style recognition church schools recorded historic preservation program run known survey found church excellent condition elementary school fair condition high school good condition historic preservation program effect threats historic integrity identified buildings elementary school deemed danger outdated years later complex listed national_register_of_historic_places preserved historically significant architecture buildings time designation given thirty churches buildings far western ohio related missionaries precious blood multiple property submission process centered community location convent mary help christians catholic region large revival gothic revival churches tall rise tiny communities seen miles way churches dominate region area known land cross tipped churches | Immaculate Conception Catholic Church (Celina, Ohio) | Art and architecture | Architecture | Architecture – Religious |
11521_MezhyhiryaMonastery | monastery ukrainian eastern orthodox female monastery located neighborhood monastery served historic residency dynasty medieval times located kilometres north today territory province northern ukraine location situated right bank close proximity water reservoir founded monastery monasteries established east slavic state existence destroyed restored numerous times spared destruction soviet authorities time height monastery considered spiritual center later currently area monastery located woodland territory village directly connected private residence ukrainian government officials important monastery monastery left rich legacy monastery mentioned poems written subject drawing novel published mentions monastery history foundation early history monastery mentioned time early 14th century claimed founded metropolitan michael greek monks arriving byzantium claim likely listed modern authors monasteries prince divided territory surrounding monastery grounds sons son received lands nearest monastery city long alleged moved monastery current location hills giving monastery despised city moving modern day russia trip took icon gift constantinople patriarch luke icon orthodox icons located gallery moscow invasion monastery supposed completely destroyed legends written later monastery known existed 14th century attacked reconstruction monastery began years later monastery transferred lithuania addition monastery given reign territory complex consisted churches including cave church monastery 16th century monastery frequently lost regained ownership rights funds monastery new protégé prince monastery old buildings demolished new ones built place peter paul constructed rule monastery considered second cave monastery ukraine reconstruction monastery regional center serving host military monastery monastery received status monastery orthodox church autonomy patriarch constantinople universal act issued transferred neighboring settlements control effect universal monastery destruction monastery polish army monastery replaced main military monastery military monastery retired elderly come monastery retire live end lives time monastery expenses paid help area burned fire started wooden help monk lived monastery later patriarch moscow complex reconstructed years later help community constructed near monastery hospital voted ministers main cathedral monastery monasteries located near placed monastery authority end 17th century considered period prosperity monastery largest monastery ukraine request status monastery revoked later reinstated large fire destroyed large portion monastery buildings monastery military status funds peter paul church reconstructed ukrainian architect designed buildings including monk residence decline soviet demolition period decline began abolition russia russian imperial government closed monastery confiscated valuable treasures remaining soon left moved region founded exists day able leave monastery manuscripts kept russia came visit wished monastery got monastery mysteriously burned night arrival german engineer found area suitable clay making years later founded ukraine site unused monastery factory largest industrial complex existence factory produced variety ornamental factory closed failed bring profit monastery rebuilt transformed women monastery reconstruction monastery transferred authority saints monastery russian revolution ukrainian soviet capital moved city need suburban residence government officials chosen site new government residence decision april ordered demolition complex scheduled demolition architecture buildings monastic complex photographed demolition underground library discovered manuscripts discovered books belonged lost library later period times thing remains monastic complex water soviet times area served residence worked ukrainian soviet government time period location concealed public ownership controversy residence amid ownership controversy ukrainian prime minister new ukrainian government led prime minister transfer official residence district ukraine firm july pulled territory government ownership private residence july president signed secret presidential decree according local business newspaper referred information document states government territory recreational complex presented use head later document appeared website head state open source information single official confirmation given newspaper explained recreational complex includes recreational resort residency residency located village occupied years newspaper notes time july website president appeared document order obliged prime minister execute decision secure financing early elections newspaper speculated trade exchange power state late february confirmed possesses residency awarded presidential decree according data territory residency occupies hectares acres enclosed perimeter meter tall iron fence inside secured claimed uses houses area square metres secured hectares acres land stated help able conduct substantial renovations property confirms area bought private entity pay monthly rent interview bbc acknowledged lives cottage developments july issued government order according received state residency territory soon concluded company mentioned government assigned residence exchanged properties park alley turn sold newly acquired property company conducting search director opinion involved scheme state residence state property february signed decree relieving state property security personnel duties state cottages area decree canceled previous presidential decree january security personnel assigned properties instead subsequently prime minister complex residing prime minister time property price estimated billion million election cabinet decree transferred property ukraine firm placed territory government control july cabinet decision returned residence ownership | Mezhyhirya Monastery | Art and architecture | Architecture | Architecture – Religious |
12025_ChurchofStGeorge,Kyustendil | church george church george bulgarian medieval eastern orthodox church city lies southwestern bulgaria administrative capital church located neighbourhood historically separate city church constructed 10th 11th century somewhat later earliest layers painted 11th 12th century history dated late 10th early 11th century based architectural appearance mural paintings makes oldest preserved church city located southwestern village merged city theory bulgarian emperor buried perished battle serbian victory second bulgarian empire paved way short lived serbian dominance balkans century scholar entirely dismisses theory erroneous reference bulgarian history literature despite located outside time construction city main style church served cathedral church suffered severe damage 19th century time ottoman rule bulgaria destroyed leaving foundations arches reconstructed establishment bulgaria restoration 2000s architecture decoration church follows byzantine cross square design measures metres dome octagonal features bays contain windows appears square total pillars support church inside frame entrance altar remaining stand dome church design materials church construction bricks mortar resulting rows red white church interior preserved number medieval particularly lower reaches walls pillars paintings altar 11th 12th century decoration pillars dates 12th century inscriptions accompany murals altar features images bearing bishops possibly identified number saints depicted inside church including saints unidentified female saints later works art church boasts icons murals painter works architectural artistic value list bulgaria monuments cultural national importance reorganization list 1960s included architectural artistic monument respectively native house city art gallery listed number tourist sites bulgaria | Church of St George, Kyustendil | Art and architecture | Architecture | Architecture – Religious |
12146_StMary'sChurch,Pentraeth | mary church small medieval parish church village north wales date construction unknown probably time 12th 14th centuries church dedicated recorded tradition older church dedicated early british saint medieval stonework remains walls building west wall parts north south walls chapel added south 16th 17th century church altered refurbished 19th century including extensive rebuilding architect diocese worship churches combined parish conservation specifically included aims chester based charity promotes health arts north west england grade listed building national designation given buildings special interest warrant effort preserve particular retention medieval fabric 19th century building fine memorials built rubble masonry slate roof font thought date 12th century reused water basin porch number memorials 18th 19th centuries commemorating residents nearby manor house tradition interior paper writers differ celebrate weddings mark death unmarried women churches included 18th century writer multi volume guide english welsh history location mary church middle miles town bridge situated junction roads date foundation religious building site unknown tradition originally church dedicated early british saint old village church dedicated recorded taxation present building probably dates 12th 14th centuries nave chancel medieval origin chapel added south parish church end 16th century early 17th century restoration interior took place changes architect diocese oversaw partial extensive rebuilding included reconstruction east wall addition porch south added internal arch mark sanctuary rebuilding extending chancel fittings added 20th century use worship belongs churches combined church diocese position rector held conservation protection improvement included aims chester based charity promotes health arts north west england church specified charity aims objectives architecture fittings church built irregularly positioned pieces rubble masonry kennedy added red sandstone work nave measures feet inches long feet inches wide chancel width feet long chapel feet feet inches medieval masonry walls west wall lower parts north south walls roof slate stone containing bell west end inside wooden roof visible roof reconstructed church entered porch south added 19th century tudor arch doorway porch contains stone water basin said font dating 12th century old entrance north wall nave blocked windows north wall 19th century nearest east end early 17th century square frame sided font dates 19th century survey ancient historical monuments wales recorded existence oak poor box iron bearing date plain silver cup chancel south chapel separated nave arches chancel arch added kennedy decorated carvings eagle lamb steps lead nave chancel step marking sanctuary east window dates late 14th early 15th century rebuilt lights vertical sections separated topped decorative stone work leaf pattern contains stained glass depicting added east window chapel similar design 17th century window north wall nave dates late 16th early 17th century restoration work carried south window pointed arch lights topped older window window west wall chapel contains number memorials 18th 19th centuries members families associated nearby manor house memorials chapel dean cathedral born commemorated stone tablet south wall chancel native writer died tablet chancel 2nd baron died wife mary remembered bronze tablet east wall chapel memorials walls chapel nave south window chapel stained glass memory died age second world war churchyard number graves members family plot contains beautifully carved celtic crosses churchyard contains commonwealth war graves south lancashire regiment soldier world war royal_navy sailor world war church decorated paper tradition noted 18th century writer thought union marriage pair hands centre writer said marked death unmarried women tradition longer observed assessment national recognition statutory protection alteration designated grade listed building lowest grades listing designating buildings special interest warrant effort preserve given status january listed predominantly late 19th century church retains medieval fabric welsh government body responsible built heritage wales inclusion welsh buildings statutory lists notes fine 18th century 19th century memorials 18th century writer wrote multi volume guide england wales included survey churches island featured said little remarkable simplicity beauty rural scene surrounded matters antiquity curiosity construction contained walls welsh antiquarian writer writing 19th century alterations described small neat particularly noted internal external monuments members local families writing clergyman antiquarian said remarkable spots isle interior said greatly blocked excellent repair degree comfort unusual district roof commented closely set light section producing good effect welsh politician church historian sir visited couple years later described pretty situation surrounded trees noted fair east window rude timber framework roof guide churches noted red sandstone windows showing signs severe places | St Mary's Church, Pentraeth | Art and architecture | Architecture | Architecture – Religious |
12245_StJames'Church,Stretham | james church active anglican church village england founded 12th century heavily restored architect english_heritage body responsible preserving historical sites united_kingdom assessed church grade listed building turret clock east face tower keeps good time church ring bells hung change ringing regular ringing resumed church june years silence churches history james church stands centre small village population village lies kilometres south south west england kilometres road london earliest written record active church 12th century history bishop time anglo saxon conspirators said met church fragments east chancel known 12th century record church existence period appointed canterbury cathedral rector buried parish sons physician russia recorded having square tower bells clock north aisle chapel east end screen concludes time south aisle nave chancel recorded church restored heavily architect cost equivalent north south added time south aisle nave chancel new porch historic building protected originally church listed grade publicly available register february english_heritage august listed grade building makes church particularly important country heritage effort preserve church records kept cambridge agreement group churches mary angels church closed worship parish architecture exterior building mainly 14th century east wall chancel contains remnants 12th century material including buttresses faced tower 14th century angled buttresses north south west window lights flowing clock east face tower dated oldest firm tower world wound weekly east wall window lights stained glass panels gothic style church supported funds church trust interior lowered southeast window chancel seat cabinet east north wall arched tomb west inscribed tomb lid commemorates late 13th century rector oak screen chancel finely carved lying chancel black marble slab dates memorial commemorating sister sir wife rector time pipe rack organ built walker sons london chamber built south wall carried reconstruction organ cost equivalent converted electric blowing bells church ring bells hung change ringing time sixth bell added bell recast replacing bell oldest bell millimetre kilogram number bell newest set bells floor ringing chamber recently constructed toilets according records maintained records confirmed checked minor spelling differences painted board south west corner nave | St James' Church, Stretham | Art and architecture | Architecture | Architecture – Religious |
12527_CathedraloftheImmaculateConception(HongKong) | cathedral conception hong_kong cathedral conception chinese late 19th century english gothic revival church serves cathedral hong_kong located area city road groundbreaking construction cathedral began previous cathedral destroyed fire built brick stone new cathedral designed london based architectural firm church opened december day feast conception consecrated years later damaged battle remained untouched subsequent japanese occupation hong_kong turn century cathedral underwent extensive costly program refurbishment completed cathedral listed grade historic building government hong_kong history original structure war hong_kong ceded british treaty colony soon popular missionaries travelling onwards china parish established hong_kong work began new permanent church soon new church located junction street wellington street construction completed years number catholics parish grew significantly partly emigration people neighbouring portuguese colony gradual decline people resided sought better opportunities young colony hong_kong sixteen years built church destroyed fire uncommon devastating fires frequently plagued developing colony new cathedral quickly built site featured iconic twin facade waterfront district church situated rapid growth hong_kong time apparent permanent larger cathedral necessary result plans new church elevated ground located close original site redeveloped commercial residential area small park located nearby present day cathedral new site cathedral selected cornerstone new church laid december company london hired architects years later construction completed church opened december blessed day later construction cathedral cost catholic church consecrated free debt cathedral rite held december exactly years opened ceremony cathedral consecrated second world war cathedral suffered damage anniversary japanese shell dropped battle survived war relatively unscathed decree century mission hong_kong established pope ruled colony british rule remain administration missionary society italy result japanese treated cathedral sovereignty war cathedral spared plundered occupying forces archives preserved better churches hong_kong having left relatively unscathed conclusion war cathedral underwent series renovations roof previously timber replaced concrete damage sanctuary took place main altar moved cathedral crossing air conditioning installed roof underwent significant leaks roof reported massive restoration project took place entailed fixing roof walls niche housing statue conception replacing tiles enhancing lighting sound system installing new stained glass windows chapel lord passion renovation completed december cost total million project success preserving building heritage resulted cathedral given honourable mention presented award anniversary cathedral holds red mass year alternating hosting annual opening architecture interior cathedral built english gothic style shape latin cross exterior walls church built brick stone base columns granite dimensions long wide tall tower centre rising located right main altar sanctuary altar given cathedral king victor italy donation facilitated living hong_kong nobility italy adorned royal coat arms conspicuous symbol italy said helped cathedral identify italian british remain untouched japanese occupation hong_kong empire japan signatories pact altar sacred heart located left main altar altar sacred heart previously high altar original cathedral wellington street houses blessed serving cathedral main removal high altar reserved chapel lord passion located right cathedral chapel lord passion given portugal renovation chapel chosen commemorate newly saints thematically similar gave lives faith jesus sacrifice save mankind new stained glass windows installed depicting saints constructed beneath house remains bishops hong_kong consists deceased bishops remains interred later fact buried milan diocese apply permission allow remains transported hong_kong request eventually granted inspiration came design traditional chinese family house contain remains ancestors bishop time felt symbolic inherit teachings previous generations order inspire future ones cathedral grade historic building prior approval obtained construction work carried treasures relics shortly chinese october relics sixteen placed chapel lord passion stored box designed locally situated foot altar pope november lock hair brought cathedral holy granted diocese hong_kong late diocese earlier requested felt symbolically accomplish pope longtime dream visiting china constantly stated intent visiting country longstanding tensions strained relations china holy bishop expressed hope able mainland chinese faithful visited hong_kong city chinese soil city asia house currently displayed chapel bishops | Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception (Hong Kong) | Art and architecture | Architecture | Architecture – Religious |
12594_StGeorge'sChurch,Trotton | anglican church village district seven local government districts english county structure built early 14th century parts date evidence suggesting earlier church site largely intact unusually detailed painting found west wall depicting judgment described matthew church dedicated patron saint england rector oversees parish services held church services month place church month church recorded designated grade listed building architectural historical importance history historians disagreed age existence older church site tower dated architecture historians question date suggest tower body church date 14th century porch appears 17th century addition tomb nave suggested location chancel expected family lord manor surname suggests indicate church built site earlier smaller church tomb chancel church local historian saying need church site earlier comprehensive restoration undertaken work cost time capsule containing details builders church officials contemporary world events buried end job description architecture church situated village near stands early 15th century bridge river 16th century manor house church plain simple decorated style exterior apart tower early english style nave chancel single chamber separated narrow step instead chancel arch tower stands western end church contains ring bells hung change ringing tenor largest bell dates cast church built rubble roof main body 14th century roof replaced tower roof octagonal cap wall paintings removed west wall wall painting early days church discovered remarkable plenty early churches wall paintings unusually rich detailed centre jesus christ beneath moses right man surrounded left spiritual man surrounded characters depicted opposite sides christ usual depictions judgement red good condition started fade paintings north south walls depicting family lord manor appears church built primarily family explain unusual detail paintings intended rich decoration simply congregation tombs foot table tomb middle chancel contains remains 1st baron died inscription says wife elizabeth daughter 3rd earl march fought battle wife inspiration character william_shakespeare play sides brass memorial decorated shield shaped ornamentation enhance comparatively plain figures baron depicted holding hands slightly smaller life size described memorial biggest ornate best preserved england nave contains slab brass died oldest known brass woman england 15th century niche tomb south wall largely removed table tomb sir died northeast corner chancel sides motifs slender carved southeast corner tomb died church today listed grade june buildings defined exceptional interest greater national importance february grade listed buildings listed buildings grades district present ecclesiastical parish covers large north south area countryside includes village served church churches rural diocese services held second fourth sundays month church open day visitors | St George's Church, Trotton | Art and architecture | Architecture | Architecture – Religious |
12628_KandariyaMahadevaTemple | temple temple meaning great god cave largest ornate hindu temple medieval temple group found india considered best examples temples preserved medieval period india location located district village temple complex spread area square kilometres western village west temple temple complex village elevation metres connected road rail air services miles south miles away city east miles away kilometres away north kilometres south east delhi kilometres railway station served code services delhi mumbai kilometres temple history capital temple best examples temples preserved medieval period india largest western group temples complex built rulers chief deity temple temple said built king ruled periods reign dynasty famous temples dedicated hindu religion religion built known recordings muslim historian credited building temple powerful ruler fought offensive launched battle conclusive return waged war attacked fort siege fort unsuccessful lifted called truce parted exchanging gifts celebrated success rulers building temple dedicated family deity inscriptions temple mentions builder temple interpreted pseudonym construction dated period extant temples including temple inscribed criterion iii artistic creation criterion culture popular till country invaded muslims features temple metres height western complex largest groups complex temples western group temples consisting temples compared cosmic design representing forms temple architecture towers terminates feature common 10th century onwards temples temple founded massive metres height temple structure planned detailed superstructure built steep mountain shape form symbolic said mythical source creation world superstructure richly decorated roofs rise grand form terminating miniature temple layout square kilometres extant including temple built plan feet length feet width main tower soaring height feet called largest temple series steep steps high rise lead ground level entrance temple layout temple design temples complex right entrance carved sculpted single stone entrances hindu wedding procession carvings entrance gate shows quality stone character symmetrical design view entire temple high relief carvings finely decorative quality ornamentation sharp inscribed lines strong angular forms brilliant dark light patterns carvings circles giving geometric patterns masks lions uniform designs created pleasant picture unique temple complex interior space entrance halls rise height width inclusive small chamber dedicated chamber wife central literal meaning chamber emblem surrounded passages inadequate natural light little light creating cave like atmosphere total contrast external parts temple interior halls temple exterior faces carved sculptures gods musicians huge pillars halls architectural features vine motif corners halls carved surface patterns main tower towers shape semi rounded stepped form progressively greater height main tower encircled series towers smaller size form repeated miniature central core gives temple cut similar shape mountain range mount god resides appropriate theme temples exterior surfaces temples entirely covered sculptures vertical layers horizontal carved images shine bright sun light providing rhythmic architectural features images gods heavenly beings god fire prominent erotic sculptures fitted round major attraction visitors erotic sculptures finely carved flanking couple frequently noted motif male figure suspended upside posture kind pose head sculptures mother gods seven fearful protector include seated swan eyes seated bull mounted headed lion headed slayer demons | Kandariya Mahadeva Temple | Art and architecture | Architecture | Architecture – Religious |
12636_StTwrog'sChurch,Bodwrog | small rural church built late 15th century medieval style alterations original structure remains 15th century later converted window 15th century windows bull head decoration church denotes connection prominent north wales family centuries set remote countryside middle dedicated active late 5th early 6th centuries church paid years oxford historically strong links wales college point built house priest served neighbouring parish church worship seven churches ministry area grade listed building national designation given particularly important buildings special interest particular regarded good rural late medieval church built rubble masonry slate roof interior lit gas lamps history location church churchyard remote rural location wales miles county town small road date construction christian building location unknown parish takes saint lived late 5th early 6th centuries church dedicated welsh word means dwelling modified form saint dwelling brothers commemorated church church present church dates time king henry vii ruled significant building work took place wales windows added 17th 18th century church restored mid late 19th century writer recorded attached priest serving parishes residing church paid oxford built neat house lewis said subject small distribution poor parish given college strong connections wales foundation chancellor use worship seven churches group parishes served priest churches combined parishes include diocese parish rector position vacant december architecture fittings church built rubble masonry dressed limestone roof slate stone west end bell dating structural division nave chancel step rail denoting sanctuary overall church measures feet south church windows 15th century square framed entrance door west end windows north east window eastern windows north south sides date late 15th century like rest windows wholly mainly clear glass windows entirely stained glass east window long narrow lights sections window separated double arc shaped curve topped smaller lights arranged centre 15th century windows set square frames pairs lights headed leaf pattern rectangular windows middle north south walls added 17th 18th century pairs lights western window north converted 15th century door bears designs leaf pattern bull heads bull heads pattern associated family prominent influential landowners north wales 15th 19th centuries time church rebuilt involved work likely contributed cost bull head carved stone doorway roof dates 19th century supporting structure seen inside church church lit gas lamps contains box nave reading desk matching pulpit sanctuary cream paint pulpit reading desk 18th century memorial south wall nave survey ancient historical monuments wales noted oak collecting dated silver cup dated font uncertain date assessment church national recognition statutory protection alteration designated grade listed building second highest grades listing designating particularly important buildings special interest given status april listed regarded good rural late medieval church body responsible built heritage wales inclusion welsh buildings statutory lists notes church simple traditional character retains original features writing clergyman antiquarian said east window similar windows south aisle church guide buildings region comments east window saying surprisingly grand guide churches says elevated spot remote rural location notes east window overall building appears fairly good condition | St Twrog's Church, Bodwrog | Art and architecture | Architecture | Architecture – Religious |
12999_StEdwen'sChurch,Llanedwen | 19th century parish church near north wales church founded daughter king saint present structure dates designed architect diocese contains memorials 17th 18th centuries reading desk panel work 14th 17th centuries 18th century historian vicar buried churchyard church land forms estate home family owned employees buried churchyard church worship seven combined parish service held book common prayer sunday morning churches regular use wales lit entirely candles grade listed building national designation given buildings special interest warrant effort preserve particular regarded good example kennedy designs small scale rural church history location south north wales rural area known miles county town mile road metres separates rest wales church land forms estate home family employees buried churchyard grounds owned area takes church welsh word originally meant enclosure church according 19th century historian church area established known life according manuscript sources daughter illegitimate daughter niece king converted christianity saint death 12th century writer said born whilst mother taking refuge north wales described church small neat great antiquity church rebuilt writing clergyman antiquarian said early perpendicular style windows replaced measured feet welsh politician church historian sir visited said small church lovely situation beautiful view church seen demolished present structure erected designed architect diocese old church survive stonework base west wall repair work carried worship seven churches combined churches grouped incumbent priest service held sunday morning book common prayer holy communion services parish diocese priest charge reverend roberts associate priest canon professor people associated church include vicar associated churches including 18th century wrote history published buried churchyard west door inscribed latin words things save gave ones force arts writings fall pieces lived parish died buried churchyard member parliament years churchyard contains commonwealth war grave world war officer cumberland architecture fittings built local red formed square blocks dressed sandstone roof slate stone church late decorated style tower topped north west corner nave supported buttresses church entered porch arched doorway lowest stages tower inside roof exposed nave medieval beams reused rebuilding nave chancel divided arch steps leading nave chancel sanctuary separated altar rail set wooden panels pair windows west wall decorated stonework window frame forming pattern scenes bible geometric patterns shown stained glass birds phoenix depicted windows glass dedicated clergyman died arched windows south wall nave stained glass easternmost dedicated shows biblical scenes easternmost window north wall nave dedicated died wife children chancel window east wall lights sections window separated stone pulpit 19th century oak ornate 17th century panel work decorated pictures dragons dogs lions heads pine choir stalls carved oak panels date 17th century reading desk 19th century material 14th 17th centuries depicting lion griffin angels church sided sandstone font decorated carved cross survey ancient historical monuments wales recorded seven 17th 18th century memorials church oldest memory died tombs churchyard include died 17th 18th centuries survey noted oak dog likely 19th century 17th century chairs survey church plate diocese recorded engraved dated dated silver decorated foliage silver bears inscription denote given new church consecrated survey noted dish said 18th century silver lost time churches regular use wales lit candles assessment national recognition statutory protection alteration designated grade listed building lowest grades listing designating buildings special interest warrant effort preserve given status april listed seen good example kennedy designs small scale rural church welsh government body responsible built heritage wales inclusion welsh buildings statutory lists notes fittings incorporate fine carved work 14th 17th centuries writing said rebuilt church wholly devoid interest guide buildings region notes active 19th century considered kennedy design inconsistent gravity feeling ancient churches wales wrote churchyard interesting picturesque appearance situation guide churches describes good example 19th century country church adding little changed built says spot notes landmark visible considerable distance | St Edwen's Church, Llanedwen | Art and architecture | Architecture | Architecture – Religious |
13080_StPabo'sChurch,Llanbabo | medieval church church dates 12th century regarded good example church period retained aspects original fabric church houses slab 14th century depicting king crown bearing reputed founder church evidence 5th century prince lived area tradition founded church little supporting basis church use services held occasionally grade listed building designation given particularly important buildings special interest medieval church little altered history location date foundation church unknown known church recorded year according tradition founded pillar britain 5th century prince driven settled said buried area stone slab dating late 14th century sandstone found according 17th century welsh historian unearthed digging grave churchyard rectangular slab workshop church given similarities engraved length image man wearing crown loose reaching holds right hand head underneath arch background decorated flowers effect somewhat like monumental brass stone slab displayed vertically inside church inscription incomplete reads post lies pillar britain additional letters interpreted denoting donor monument apart tradition linking church recorded writing welsh antiquarian 18th century evidence devoted religion died accordingly modern writers suggest link church church stands alongside minor road near reservoir services occasionally churches combined parish forms diocese incumbent priest september village takes church prefix originally meant enclosure came mean church modified form saint architecture fittings church built rubble masonry dressed measures feet feet inches metres building largely 12th century construction walls narrow window south wall dating time window east end south wall rectangular dates late 14th early 15th centuries modern window east wall window stone topped light pointed arch 14th century windows use green glass frames wood carved stone human heads time probably 12th century doorway west end south church probably come chancel arch removed churches chancel larger doorway enlarged point likely early 19th century north doorway added 18th century subsequently blocked window inserted instead writer speculated niche window modern windows north wall different heights west end housing bell probably 18th century roof described clearly earliest island inside monument north wall medieval arched 18th century marble memorials font probably 12th century date circular bowl foot height division nave chancel step chancel sanctuary marked simple rail altar wood fittings including plain added carved head doorway inside church similar style outside devil stone previously set wall churchyard thought represent celtic deity kept inside church assessment church grade listed building second highest grade listing designating particularly important buildings special interest given status listed good scarcely altered simple medieval church retains great deal medieval fabric including fragments probable 12th century date fine later medieval roof according body responsible built heritage wales church considered important survivor old churches rebuilt restored 19th century restoration work including replacement roof carried architect overall church suffered excessive restoration | St Pabo's Church, Llanbabo | Art and architecture | Architecture | Architecture – Religious |
13406_LaieHawaiiTemple | hawaii temple hawaii temple temple located northeast shore hawaiian island temple sits small hill half mile pacific_ocean town miles honolulu hawaii hawaii temple plays important role town visitors center attracting people annually addition initial building construction temple dedicated use presidents temple site dedicated june completed structure november temple significant expansion june seismic upgrades temple november hawaii temple temple built outside continental united_states temple oldest operate outside utah fifth oldest temple operation hawaii temple known hawaiian temple implementation standard naming convention temples history california gold rush missionaries hawaii departed san_francisco ship days sea ship arrived december honolulu harbor known sandwich islands hawaiian islands week later missionaries received assignments headed island island stayed honolulu missionaries formed basis congregation hawaii established island missionaries settled island island church purchased acre km2 plantation gathering place area mission proposed building temple hawaii meeting february original missionaries visited revered prophet promoting idea new hawaiian temple congregations sixth president announced plans temple outside continental united_states chose construction according folklore precious materials arrived time complete building temple temple builders ran wood scarce islands initial construction local members received lumber ship ran aground needed cargo wood temple builders volunteered help ship given lumber gratitude lumber taken ship proved finish temple news new hawaii temple reached native hawaiian converts living far home town utah decided hawaii lived closest temple miles away colony moving gave ability closer new temple allowed perform sacred having travel great distances january returned home leaving ghost town president presided hawaiian temple dedication november grant called hawaiian people descendants prophet book saw future new temple converts temple completed moved hoping participate temple tourists drawn area guide books time compared temple attack pearl harbor gave rise popular tale hawaii temple folklore according variations story japanese aircraft pilots attempted bomb hawaiian temple prior attack thwarted mechanical failure unseen protective force stories suggest japanese pilot attempted attack temple converted saw picture temple possession missionaries japan eyewitness believes saw attempted bombing missionary says met japanese convert historians found little supporting evidence stories renovation beginning temple closed year project expanding square feet square feet church president temple june million renovation renewal project leading temple began lasting months norfolk suffering replaced royal new decorative lighting added place time visitors center upgraded interactive new displays december hawaii temple closed structural seismic upgrades restore ordinance rooms original appearance progressive style presentation film repaired renovated temple november architecture president wanted architecture resemble solomon temple referred biblical canon temple compared designed young architects pope burton design work rooted prairie style architecture popular architect early twentieth century temples evoke architectural motifs favored theme burton temple sits acre site large plantation construction temple began february native materials consisting crushed lava rock build temple reinforced concrete building white finish created stone cutting techniques temple shape cross seen air highest point temple measures east west north south exterior designed form greek cross lacks tower rarity temples apart hawaii temple church temples lack towers exterior temple exhibits large planned american sculptor built help brother modeled cast concrete relief depict god dealings man north depicts story book west shows people old testament depicted southern temple restoration church shown east grounds temple statues designed brothers including joseph blessed father prophet scene second book book visitors approach temple pass number reflecting pools fountain sits pool designed brothers bold relief honors depicts hawaiian mother holding giant shell pouring water children act supposed symbolize mothers pouring love hope care children temple grounds contain tropical gardens plants brazilian birds paradise red base temple grounds fountain separating family history center visitors center foot sculpture replica stands inside entrance hawaii temple square feet houses ordinance rooms sealing rooms landscape artist designed murals found inside temple hawaii temple regular sunday worship temples considered sacred houses lord church members gospel allowed enter purpose participating sacred ceremonies baptism dead eternal marriage ritual couples families sealed time guidelines allowed inside temples public tours grounds outside visitors centers available temple presidents notable temple presidents include | Laie Hawaii Temple | Art and architecture | Architecture | Architecture – Religious |
13694_ShanhuaTemple | temple temple chinese pinyin buddhist temple located china temple founded early 8th century dynasty earliest surviving building dates 11th century temple heavily repaired years today original halls recently rebuilt survive largest earliest hall dating 11th century hall largest kind china historically significant dating 12th century dynasty history temple founded period dynasty patronage emperor time known fall dynasty period temple underwent change known chaotic time buildings temple escaped destruction takeover temple assumed present configuration temple heavily damaged dynasty took repair work started took years complete repairs undertaken time monk named received imperial presentation time temple referred present temple late 16th century drum bell towers built stone platform supporting hall repairs temple years late 18th century temple state disrepair use halls stable caused wall collapse world war pavilion destroyed rebuilt architecture temple today consists main halls hall main gate arranged north south axis located east west hall smaller halls hall main halls built dynasty hall considered building main gate hall extensively renovated subsequent dynasty classified scholars buildings main hall northernmost largest hall dates 11th century measures seven bays doors hall hall built elevated meter high platform site drum bell tower longer extant according standards 11th century chinese architectural treatise hall held fifth rank sets system ranks interior contains large statues representing cardinal directions central statue representing statues similar represent displaying different symbolic hand gestures statue chinese pinyin octagonal wooden ceiling painted decorated statues disciples grouped large statues statues located east west walls square meters murals hall date damaged years hall hall chinese pinyin literally hall middle hall built dynasty houses statues central universal aspect accompanying statues hall central pillars support depends complex 6th rank support chinese pinyin initially built dynasty examined 1930s reported heavily damaged structure stories story miniature building niche images story statue building rebuilt having destroyed war pavilion measures bays nearly perfect square built short stone platform called accessed short set stairs outside pavilion appears stories actually second floor hidden outside view exterior levels surrounded perimeter columns pavilion chinese pinyin destroyed early 20th century caught fire converted rebuilt local government main gate main gate chinese pinyin large hall built dynasty 12th century entrance building temple hall contains statues heavenly kings east west bays long bays wide area square meters support structure 5th rank | Shanhua Temple | Art and architecture | Architecture | Architecture – Religious |
14012_StPeter'sChurch,Llanbedrgoch | small medieval parish church near village north wales oldest parts building date 15th century extended 17th century restored twice 19th century doorway decorated carvings human heads wearing church contains reading desk 15th century bench ends carved holding mirror church worship group parishes grade listed building national designation given particularly important buildings special interest substantial medieval fabric history location rural location narrow lane near village north wales village miles county town built raised ground inside churchyard access church dedicated village takes church welsh word originally meant enclosure church modified form saint welsh date earliest church site unknown chancel nave thought date 15th century added east end church probably 17th century form cross church restored twice 19th century restoration partially funded grant worship churches combined diocese rector architecture fittings built rubble masonry large stones corners sandstone roof slate stone west end bell topped cross nave chancel oldest parts building nave measures feet inches feet chancel separated nave single step measures feet inches feet sanctuary chancel raised step rail west end nave north south chancel square plan sides approximately feet inches western end north wall nave 15th century pointed arch doorway set square frame decorative patterns stonework door carved heads frame head left frame wears doorway opposite wall nave probably dating 15th century partially replaced 19th century window window north wall nave east door added 19th century rounded lights sections window separated similar style light 17th century window north wall north second window east wall 19th century windows south south east walls 17th century square headed lights window east wall chancel 19th century lights topped stonework external decorative stone border glass windows patterned coloured coloured glass way churches 19th century aided 3rd baron stanley nobleman converted islam exposed roof date 19th century fittings date middle 19th century exception reading desk 15th century bench ends carved holding mirror desk previously church survey ancient historical monuments wales noted octagonal font uncertain date 17th century memorials inside church memorials 17th 18th centuries outside survey church plate diocese recorded silver inches tall plain silver silver dated mark shield probably refers chester diocese marked way survey noted church longer dish recorded church churchyard churchyard contains commonwealth war graves royal_navy sailor world war officer world war assessment church statutory protection alteration designated grade listed building second highest grades listing recognising particularly important buildings special interest body responsible built heritage wales inclusion welsh buildings statutory lists describes good rural church retaining substantial medieval fabric writing 19th century antiquarian described small beautiful structure handsome east window situated rocky distant exposed parish writing clergyman antiquarian said old building parish rude execution north doorway escape notice said chancel window design old church noted font placed near entrance chancel welsh politician church historian sir visited church december observed usual awkward proportion short chancel insignificant nave described east window late example style character frequent | St Peter's Church, Llanbedrgoch | Art and architecture | Architecture | Architecture – Religious |
14106_StMary'sChurch,Acton | active anglican parish church located monk lane village west england designated grade listed building church present site time survey tower oldest largely rebuilt fell unusual feature interior church old stone seating sides retained south aisle ancient carved stones dating norman era architectural historian includes church list best english parish churches churchyard tall 17th century church active anglican parish church diocese chester united david history presence church priests site recorded book church lands given second baron early 12th century following dissolution monasteries granted passed tower built makes oldest tower built feet high collapsed storm march damaging roof church rebuilt height feet north aisle built quarter 14th century decorated style south aisle chancel built early 15th century internal fittings church damaged civil war 17th 18th centuries lancaster architects austin carried restoration included church removing plaster ceilings rebuilding north wall north aisle installing heating apparatus adding new pulpit doors architecture exterior church built red sandstone lead roof tower body church arches leading nave arches thin windows flat buttresses date 13th century authors series state early date rare towers upper parts tower built collapse early gothic revival style nave bays north south bays chancel bays north piers arcade date 13th century capitals 19th century restoration authors series state body church perpendicular style east end north aisle chapel originally lady chapel north tower old stone seating remains sides church unusual fittings furniture chapel wall tomb sir died dressed plate armour knight head rests helm bearing ass head neck gold collar rest monument red sandstone east end south aisle marble tomb commemorating sir son sir wives includes marble sir thomas wife elizabeth east end south aisle ancient good condition chancel damaged screen chapel dated dividing chancel nave later date communion rail dated brass dates 18th century stained glass east window windows south aisle dated includes north altar lord prayer creed south carved oak stone base oak eagle date 19th century font norman bowl lead lining set 19th century base consists round bowl carved figures simple ornamentation years garden nearby hall reinstated church east end south aisle carved stones sandstone limestone style limestone stones suggests date end 11th century sandstone stones considered significant pieces sculpture country ring bells cast 18th century sixth parish registers begin accounts manual organ sons manchester renovated external features churchyard tall sandstone feet high originally medieval cross late 17th century remaining parts cross consist octagonal shaft steps added square cap ball face head head globe short stem scheduled monument designated grade listed building listed red sandstone churchyard boundary wall probably restoration earlier wall churchyard contains war graves commonwealth service personnel world war world war played lancashire england buried man captain country cricket rugby remembered england cricket captain lost test match gave rise ashes home australians additionally played football best known cricket poems lord contains following lines little repair matches folk red roses blow little repair matches folk red roses crest caps know field shades near coast batsman plays bowling ghost look tears host run long ago current activities continues active anglican parish church active member comprises churches share vicar licensed readers vicar holds services sunday service wednesday group churches involved community activities including pre school children holy disorder youth club 1st guides church open visits private prayers wednesday | St Mary's Church, Acton | Art and architecture | Architecture | Architecture – Religious |
14693_St.Joseph'sChurch,Semarang | indonesian santo known catholic church indonesia church city joseph parish constructed meet needs growing catholic population red brick church building designed dutch architect built cost church grew extensively following years dominated ethnic europeans persons mixed descent later having majority indigenous congregation catholic population grew size parish diminished new ones established church complex consists things church building convent joseph highly decorated including nineteen stained glass windows including dedicated church patron saint joseph carvings showing fourteen altar imported germany single tower home bells produced history catholicism roman_catholic_church entered dutch_east_indies indonesia early 19th century father sent netherlands indies pastor surrounding settlements including quickly established council handling religious duties began following year fourteen people dutch baptised congregation church pray congregation nearby building intended services held homes members congregation august mass held new home near congregation required church building owned land catholics purchased hospital surrounding land near harbour established insufficient clergy development congregation pastor left indies netherlands convinced join indies develop congregation education ministry returning indies designs church building convent established new church church designed dutch architect style construction costs funded partly colonial government sale unused land donations catholics colony stone laid pastor october construction continued smoothly nearly completed tower collapsed reasons forward including insufficient frame poor quality bricks collapse design church modified lower construction undertaken bricks imported netherlands ballast ships construction building completed december church blessed catholic church city served european mixed descent additions interior quarter century new gothic altar produced germany installed years later communion bench installed tower given clock bells period clock removed machinery broken died parish priest line jesuit continues present day soon elected provincial superior province spent time away church catholics approximately thousand years earlier colonial military replaced death headed church seven years tenure church surrounding grounds expanded significantly construction multi story began 1880s completed august street established elementary school began construction chapel convent opened august period church building received stained glass windows new construction continued 20th century pipe organ installed restored remains poor condition installed year carvings depicting fourteen growth indigenous population close 19th century catholic church indies began targeting majority muslim indigenous population protestant missionaries success respectively stepping head pastor sent letter netherlands asking men sent learn language order enable preach people translate prayer books sent studied period year ultimately successful establishing school train teachers hoped spread catholicism teaching duties eventually led establishment established number catholic schools java furthermore spearheaded mass baptism near total baptised efforts eventually returned established school parish early 20th century catholic population large support multiple parishes chapel southern elevated status parish church dedicated church area western established parish church parishes established following decades parish churches city serving parts recommendation divided capital new newly appointed vicar seat church lived colonial period march indies occupied occupation government captured numerous dutch men women clergy instituted policies changed services held forbade use dutch services writing seized church properties including protected clergy european head confined ultimately august ethnic took parish duties addition work vicar promoted non compliance japanese demands considered damaging church endorsed collaboration instance february latin language mass delivered bishop nagasaki august shortly atomic bombings hiroshima nagasaki japan defeat increasing certainty president proclaimed independence indonesian state ongoing revolution returning dutch forces europeans detained dutch head remained post revolution politics european population independent indonesia ensured congregation remained dominated indigenous peoples 1950s 1960s remained center catholic activity jesuit provincial superior continued placed moved church sent central offices remained church grounds new office opened construction continued office building named completed august renovations church building took place early 1990s church continues hold regular services including sundays description located east street central java parish joseph red brick building seat people faces west windows sides entrances north south west roof white cross vault supported columns interior church nineteen stained glass windows altar church building windows altar focus depict right left holy family egypt daily lives holy family death joseph sixteen windows sides church closest altar closest doors depict remaining windows depict single saint including ornamentation walls includes carvings depicting fourteen holding paintings illustrating lord prayer bread life discourse praise christ mary altar eastern end church altar imported germany decorated statues peter paul tower home cast iron bells measuring centimetres height centimetres wide base measuring centimetres height centimetres diameter base bells produced april exported brothers inscribed dedication latin stating bells donated born named bells decorated engraved plants crosses bells installed accompanied clock years machinery wore replaced round face decorated short meaning jesus men north church proper established august story building high foundation marble stories high ceilings metres floor north building containing offices parish council administrative needs west street convent neo gothic chapel | St. Joseph's Church, Semarang | Art and architecture | Architecture | Architecture – Religious |
14931_StLawrence'sChurch,Mereworth | anglican parish church kent united_kingdom diocese rochester province canterbury church built 7th earl following removal village 12th century place worship allow castle style stone structure described outstanding 18th century church county scale ambition architectural interest architect unknown prominent era figures suggested internal fixtures survive medieval church including stained glass series high quality brass stone memorials alterations times 19th 20th centuries including repairs wartime bomb damage restoration work undertaken church awarded grade listed status view architectural historical importance history medieval church church dedicated reign henry_ii belonged original church said built appropriated knights foundation reign henry_ii dispute concerning patronage church gilbert bishop rochester asked dispute found favour church pay sum perpetual shortly settlement dispute church granted possession remained dissolved church passed possession properties crown granted sir passing death son henry death daughter mary coming possession husband abandoned right granted gilbert rochester church possessed lands amounting acres castle rebuilt villa design flanking stable block added necessitating removal church 7th earl obtained faculty demolition ancient church present church built new church site centre village mile northwest predecessor construction began completed years later august memorials old church moved new building son john person baptised church september marriages village lack church visited church said designed tall poor church beneath history said church bear richly deserves inspection curious traveller church repaired possibly went design church ownership francis lord annual income church valued rebuilt new round arched window cut east wall church flanked blind windows bells repaired clock installed base tower memory rector plan architect dated extend church eastwards building proportions west carried major repairs carried supervision architect following damage sustained second world war bells repaired august church added register listed buildings grade listed clock repaired memory rector new clock face fitted time winding mechanism converted electric power inspection revealed church needed major repairs english_heritage grant covered cost restoration work carried supervision architects won award best restoration georgian church church actively place worship find details church website description lawrence style building unknown architect worked similar style died design executed followers second generation architect suggested master carpenter london palaces fields london style church suggested similar london sir tentatively attributes church exterior church blocks dressed sandstone porch columns tower sandstone joints simple rectangular form 18th century temple church style london early church model design neo theory roof covered slate prominent ends rising roof west end church tall tower topped flanked decorative stone structure square base supporting octagonal upper stages sides similar fields says copied directly church projecting west end end roof open porch columns topped design based baroque church strand central london cited model tower bells cast key interior interior style entrance church porch west end leads circular chamber base tower rooms sides house monuments original church north brass wife julian found warden religious guild brass earliest known representation coat arms chapel serves south contains sir monuments 3rd baron son 4th baron memorial contains heart 5th baron tomb sir wife mary sons francis george depicted kneeling base tomb wide nave seven bays long barrel vaulted ceiling painted convincingly according guide chancel chapel nave separated painted marble effect stone columns originally partly support horizontal usual arches strict geometry interior bay square nave times wider aisle gives appearance normally associated georgian era built east end window imitation type roman filling space left clear arch barrel vault round headed window added fixtures include marble font contemporary church stained glass oldest form dates visible window east wall window southwest east window erected memory sir rector similar glass dates 17th 18th centuries depicting designed butler firm organ gray installed lord cost rector extended range organ memory wife contains memorials notable memorials sir high sheriff kent standing monument dates depicts wife kneeling sons supported prominent carried columns memorial marble sir high sheriff kent joint high sheriff kent fought siege fine brass inches long shows knight closely resembles similar era mary church kent warden religious guild brass inches long 6th 7th 7th earl builder church wife royal_navy admiral person win victoria_cross speaker house_of_commons commemorated inside monument decorated angels poor brass inches long italian artist wall mounted memorial south church sir master rolls contains church today parish covers village surrounding rural area village kings hill joint church neighbouring west grade listed building church considered english_heritage exceptional interest greater national importance february grade listed buildings listed buildings grades district local government district situated church active use place worship sunday church website gives details times services | St Lawrence's Church, Mereworth | Art and architecture | Architecture | Architecture – Religious |
15269_HurvaSynagogue | hebrew lit ruin known ruin pious historic located jewish quarter founded early 18th century followers destroyed muslims years later plot lay ruins years known ruin rebuilt officially named retained jerusalem main deliberately destroyed withdrawal israeli forces arab israeli war israel captured jordan number plans submitted design new building years commemorative arch erected instead site prominent landmark plan rebuild 19th century style received approval newly rebuilt dedicated march early history today stands plaza centre jerusalem excavations carried site july august revealed evidence main settlement periods temple bce second temple byzantine ottoman bedrock ritual uncovered dating 1st century earliest tradition site existing time second century sage prince 13th century area courtyard known community jerusalem ben described large courtyard containing houses exclusive use adjacent built pillars referring jointly ottoman authorities confiscated building established adjacent courtyard aftermath winter group led arrived europe intent advancing arrival settling jerusalem leading lives days arrival city died leader hopes dissipated community began remained managed build dwellings small soon construct larger task proved expensive found having bribe ottoman authorities order enable proceed building project unexpected costs relating construction financial hardships burden taxes drained funds impoverished forced loans local arabs eventually falling severe debt pressure threats creditors led sent abroad funds loans late debts outstanding arab lost patience set contents leaders community imprisoned shortly banished city course time shops built courtyard left pile rubble known ruin efforts group jews known immigrated palestine lithuania disciples settled city north wished settle jerusalem reclaim worried descendants arab creditors held old notes relating century old debts incurred followers new group immigrants possibly inherit responsibility descendants group presented problem apparently objected effort control ruin claiming belonged ancestors claimed closer ties original owners rights parcel land greater late leader arrived jerusalem group followers directed main efforts rebuilding expulsion jerusalem intended demonstrate establishment presence city rebuilding jerusalem ruins symbolic significance repairing earlier destruction represent step rebuilding entire city arrival pleaded powers city constantinople obtain royal decree arabs residing jerusalem permitted enforce debts came year later leaders group including travelled constantinople obtain imperial decree years later efforts realised century old debts cancelled group acquired legal document entire site acquired area included dilapidated dwellings shops built creditors heirs site secure permit construction site including building large successive missions obtain sultan court failed awaiting imperial permission build courtyard wished rely old given jews stated objection building quarters having received supporting document issued march possible begin rebuilding dwellings courtyard practice construction unable exercise authority plot land apparently confrontation arab local government disregard documents proving ownership courtyard following disruption group experiencing travelled europe hoped secure necessary place courtyard firmly possession raise funds cover costs incurred trying courtyard mission unsuccessful later mission attempted lithuanian born egypt gives building consent annexation jerusalem egypt new opportunity arose petitioned rebuilding concerns longstanding muslim tradition pact restricted repair construction non muslim houses worship meant permission forthcoming months earthquake prohibition relaxed allowed carry repair works existing consent gave rise efforts receive rebuild theirs june traveling egypt backing austrian russian alexandria obtained long awaited successful gaining support austrian consul baron vienna hopeful giving permission rebuild ruin inclined forge financial political ties turn secure political support austria france fact involvement ruse soon received contacted amsterdam requesting funds brother pledged building palestine applied ruin doubts exactly permitted explicit construction large absent letter leaders amsterdam community moses confirms permission sanctioned allowed build dwellings area spite doubts highlighted relation construction possession ambiguous began clearing away rubble ruin courtyard september foundations original revealed discovered old documents dating signed israel ben moses debate decided rebuild ruin initially erect small structure edge compound arab creditors refused relinquish claims jews continued interfere works claiming currently jerusalem related way borrowed money turn 18th century forced appear court requesting ruling debts mentioned injunction passed debt maintained cancelled debts followers court ruled favour arab annual bribes order allow building continue point arrangement ceased struck head sword died wounds months later january dedicated modest northwestern corner courtyard second smaller built compound actual plot stood years earlier remained ruins rebuilding ruin early 1850s felt ready attempt building larger original site outcome war willingness use increased influence constantinople intervene behalf jewish subjects resided jerusalem july british jerusalem wrote british ambassador constantinople describing wishes strong community build new noted funds construction collected moses years earlier enclosed year old authorised jews rebuild ruined title plot land held family british subjects designated london born son chief great_britain negotiate transfer british agreed lend contract order avoid possible intrusion turks issue question building site constituted repair old house non muslim worship establishment new turks grant special license received efforts 1st british ambassadors secured necessary july constantinople handed hand delivered fourth visit jerusalem permission granted groundbreaking ceremony took place day april cornerstone laid presence chief jerusalem instrumental raising necessary funding making trip europe obtaining large donations especially stones construction building purchased poor jews assisted shaping blocks inspected site receiving complaints muslims suspected opening windows mosque originally possession sum hoped pay planned expenses increased construction work progressed slowly lack funds impoverished community soon found having arrange collections notable set egypt returned having visited india java australia new_zealand ceylon largest single gift came wealthy baghdad gave million needed sons later supplemented donation combined donations family eventually covered half cost marked important step unity communities city contributor prussia inscribed entrance gave permission funds collected jewish subjects western_europe sought donations slogan merit eternal life stone new funds arriving work progress ceiling completed head community honored placing final stone dome years later new dedicated present baron years earlier given honour laying stone officially named house jacob memory son dedicated life supporting jews palestine locals continued refer building token gratitude british government involvement invited dedication ceremony included thanksgiving service described beautiful chants anthems hebrew subsequent provided playing russian austrian music structure designed constructed supervision sultan official architect built byzantine revival style supported massive corner large dome construction towers completed missing upper level small dome capped facade covered finely stone incorporated high window arches height dome dome windows placed base dome surrounded offered fine view large parts area jerusalem tallest structures visible miles interior prayer hall reached entrance iron gates length width women section galleries sides chapel eastern access galleries towers situated corners building capacity house built levels flanked columns surrounded baroque depicting flowers birds ornamental gates taken russia russian jewish forced spend years directly triangular window rounded points right podium designed miniature version level centre originally contained high wooden later replaced flat platform covered expensive marble plates numerous crystal hung dome dome painted sky blue golden stars religious motifs stars david mount adorned wall corners drawings animals accordance statement strong leopard swift eagle fleet deer brave lion father heaven generous donations came tailor saint_petersburg diary levy sent jerusalem collect funds set details money intended items bought money big bronze silver arrived 1st precisely time light candles iron door holy safe keeping funds building wrought iron fence roof upper windows stand pilgrimage temple partition golden years onwards considered beautiful important described glory striking palestine housed largest jerusalem focal point jewish spiritual life city site installation chief palestine jerusalem visit jerusalem moses went placing silver visited crowd jews turned greet february memorial service queen_victoria took place inside gratitude protection afforded jews jerusalem britain service presided chief according report large building filled capacity policemen crowds sought admission force wrote presented pleasant appearance illuminated artistic lamps presented certain philadelphia appointed chief palestine hosted 1st samuel honoured reciting portion bar held 1930s possibly earlier housed students form received education destruction arab israeli war battle commander major wrote warn abandoned positions adjoining courtyard forced attack commander ignored request knowing fell battle soon lost delivered ultimatum jews surrender hours bombarded tell receiving answer proposition told men noon executed mission placing barrel filled explosives wall explosion resulted hole fighters spent minutes fighting vain prevent entering finally burst tried reach dome plant arab flag shot fourth succeeded arab flag flying skyline signaled legion triumph took quarter sacred building blew reason huge explosion reduced year old attached rubble building deliberately mined arabs captured area major jewish purposely systematically destroyed soon occupation plans sought new design following day war plans designs sought new built site overall rehabilitation religious political figures supported proposal rebuild original line traditional religious character area charge restoration strongly opposed israeli planners architects involved developing area wanted building reflect modern western identity additionally possible rebuild architects felt sufficiently qualified traditional masonry technology attempt original carved stones surviving decorative elements removed making true reconstruction creativity contemporary architecture contrary 19th century design meant blend oriental landscape supported modern redesign prominent architect plans leading campaign rebuild great great grandson consulted turn recommended world renowned architect founding member previously designed philadelphia remained presented plans reconstruction ruins incorporated memorial garden new structure adjacent lot leading proposed structure structure monumental jerusalem stone huge central pillars reinforced concrete function container pillars content following tradition elements architecture conceived hollow creating spaces structures outer structure composed piers covered golden jerusalem stone cut blocks proportions course finish bases corners story high structure piers small meditation individual prayer daily prayer services allowing larger crowds festivals boston based architect built extensively jerusalem trained philadelphia favour rebuilding contemporary design absurd reconstruct happened desire rebuild let courage great architect mayor jerusalem learned plans design scale comparable dome rock mayor stated jewish quarter building major importance competes mosque holy general building compete importance concerned impact monumental temple model displayed plan shelved died later referred proposal greatest commemorative arch subsequent proposals arch interpretation permanent solution agreed temporary symbolic solution created stone arches originally supported monumental dome recreated height original building including dome greater new commemorative arch stood high remains building explanatory plaques stark reminder stood site ongoing disputes modern façade proposed new building felt properly match jewish quarter aesthetic englishman named took initiative fund new design projects commissioned drew plans closely adhered original plans considered insufficient rejected prime minister minister interior refused sign papers enabling construction begin progress wished completed lifetime died daughter provided funds create open spaces jewish quarter adjacent featured israeli postage stamp commemorate years israeli independence arch postage stamp supposedly temporary arch thirty years old solution nearly perpetual condition publicly noted interpreted far american dream israeli reality provided substitute single reconstructed arch lonely architectural sign standing memorial nineteenth century ruins problematic ruined suggested single reconstructed arch longer understood satisfactory expression commitment rebuild lost acceptable official response intentional destruction reconstruction plan rebuild original 19th century style received approval israeli government jerusalem architect proposed rebuilding original ottoman format given commission stated respect historical memory jewish people respect built area fitting restore lost glory rebuild way state funded leadership convinced israeli government million cost reconstruction private donors contributing remainder end government gave remainder donated ukrainian jewish businessman philanthropist israeli mint issued set medals featuring mark beginning reconstruction project following comprehensive historic research reconstruction works began february appointed confirmed leading including april celebration marked placing dome recently contention arose kind institution nationalist religious activists opposed notion wanted site museum presenting historical saga displaying archaeological finds unearthed viewed appointment structure shell aimed preventing modern orthodox broader site getting position jewish quarter clear wants building serve house study response reconstructed officially opened march presence israeli politicians chief day earlier hundreds people accompanied new palestinian leaders claimed signaled israel intent destroy muslim holy places replace temple official called renovation warned israel playing fire called converge save described opening declaration war called history jerusalem religious historic monuments fearing riots arab policemen deployed ahead dedication ceremony said reopening dragging region religious war claimed building historically islamic trust land government condemned stating rejects israeli measures occupied run counter international legitimacy iran urged international community respond reopening spokesman called distressed islamic world israeli officials countered arab fears takeover based rumors israeli prime minister extended message criticised tensions historic day arabs clashed israeli police palestinian groups called day rage reopening september released propaganda video showing israeli landmarks including coming missile attack images result special effects attacks taken place cultural depictions emblem jerusalem jewish heritage portrayed years numerous paintings referred literature culture portrayed example works artists works holocaust survivor artist decades arch emblem jewish quarter works artists portraying old city computer graphic project mit early 1990s developed terms animation november gallery books newspapers magazines media | Hurva Synagogue | Art and architecture | Architecture | Architecture – Religious |
15312_GlastonburyAbbey | monastery somerset england ruins grade listed building scheduled ancient monument open visitor attraction abbey founded 7th century enlarged 10th destroyed major fire subsequently rebuilt 14th century richest powerful monasteries england abbey controlled large tracts surrounding land instrumental major drainage projects abbey suppressed england abbot hanged drawn traitor 12th century area associated legend king arthur connection promoted medieval monks asserted christian legends claimed abbey founded joseph 1st century history suggestions site religious importance celtic pre celtic times considered dubious historian archaeological investigations demonstrated roman saxon occupation site excavations uncovered british pottery west end abbey founded dates century dark age occupation site evidenced pieces wine imported mediterranean medieval christian legend claimed abbey founded joseph 1st century legend tied version holy story connection king arthur century fell saxon hands conquered somerset far west intention gaining control abbey allowed british abbot remain power intended good faith defeated death replaced anglo saxon british monks remained years saxon era king enriched community monks established reputed directed stone church built foundations form west end nave established site 7th century ravaged 9th century contemporary reformed soldier founded establishment somerset abbey church enlarged 10th century abbot central figure 10th century revival english monastic life instituted rule built archbishop_of_canterbury king interred lost england held title buried charter written wooden church kings presence medieval built middle 10th century link abbey distance kilometres purpose believed transport stone build abbey later transport produce including grain wine fish abbey outlying properties building stone came abbey accessed way 11th century abbey centre large water borne transport network new channels including diversion access estate easier route 13th century abbey head transported abbot boat visits abbey nearby medieval era norman conquest wealth prime prize new norman abbot added church unusually building east older saxon church away ancient cemetery shifting site later changed abbot built larger church new suitable heads religious communities dismissed armed killed monks book commissioned richest monastery country abbot commissioned history historian william guest monks work antiquity church compiled campaign establish abbey westminster source knowledge abbey early history far william generally excellent standards acceptance monks forged charters early legends apparent list community reconciled 10th century originals subsequently discovered problems antiquity later histories led scholars assume william original text careful accounts passages arthur later additions meant bolster monks case early drainage work carried later years 12th century responsibility maintaining sea placed named individuals abbot recorded enclosed land efforts control flooding recorded date acres km2 reclaimed near accounts abbey rent books increased acres 14th century built chief fisherman abbot preparing fish surviving monastic fishery building england time dissolution pool said contain great abundance pike owned described fish pool importance industry illustrated series disputes dean chapter abbey required fish fast days lent landed typical year king arthur tomb great fire destroyed monastic buildings reconstruction began immediately lady chapel includes consecrated evidence 12th century ruined nave renovated services great new church constructed parts walls aisle crossing having completed progress continued slowly visits fallen alleged discovery king arthur tomb cemetery provided fresh impetus visiting contemporaneous eyewitness account given instruction prince according abbot commissioned search discovering depth feet massive oak trunk containing skeletons covering stone according cross specific inscription lies interred famous king arthur according digging tomb prompted intelligence obtained henry_ii aged british welsh latin hand writing somewhat later states came older tomb chance removing earth bury certain monk expressed strong desire buried spot lay abbey william refer arthur tomb varying height statues inscriptions etc historians today generally dismiss authenticity find publicity stunt performed raise funds repair abbey burned william history english kings stated arthur grave seen antiquity claims return work antiquity church known suspected pious mentions connection abbey arthur grave fact search arthur body connected henry_ii edward kings fought major welsh wars scholars suggest propaganda played constant supporter royal authority account discovery clearly aims destroy idea possibility king arthur return tales told legends invented king arthur mysterious ending british welsh people maintain alive truth known taken trouble add details present chapter fairy tales true facts known happened crystal clear separated myths accumulated subject annexation bath wells wells traded city bath king return monastery secured support pope takeover abbey seat replacing bath plan bishop bath abbot support obtained letters including archbishop_of_canterbury claimed arrangement settle longstanding disputes abbey bishops monks objected plan sent appeal rome dismissed king richard longer imprisoned germany sided monks allowed elect abbot place responded new abbot succession john king place brother richard managed force way monastery set episcopal abbey monks appealed new pope innocent took monks lifted newest appeal taking place number supporters travelled rome appeal person died rome monks alleged poison administered orders innocent changed mind abbot ordering english clergy judge case revenues abbey monks attempted secure control monasteries diocese died set plans motion bishops continued use title finally claim services begun christmas day likely entirely completed king edward queen eleanor attended magnificent service king arthur remains foot 14th 15th centuries 14th century richly endowed appointed abbot kept great state attested simply ruins abbot kitchen huge corners kitchen magnificent abbot house begun best preserved medieval europe substantial monastic building surviving archaeological excavations revealed special apartment erected south end abbot house visit visited abbot royal progress visited great territorial magnate conditions life england wars roses unsettled wall built abbey built late 15th century accommodate visitors abbey designated grade listed building abbey held lands outside town serving large parts somerset including parts neighbouring counties built hold crops abbey including start dissolution monasteries monasteries england monks dispersed buildings seized crown sold leased new lay reviewed having significant amounts silver gold attached lands september abbey visited arrived warning orders abbey stripped act supremacy henry_viii head church resisted hanged drawn traitor november decline dissolution abbey wiltshire sold crown descended family later bath preserved abbey wiltshire records present day ruins abbey stripped lead dressed stones hauled away buildings site granted 1st duke somerset established colony protestant dutch site abbey site reverted crown remained removed reign elizabeth england granted site remained private ownership beginning 20th century stones removed 17th century beginning 18th century abbey described ruin building survive intact abbot kitchen served meeting house early 19th century gunpowder stones site quarry act stopped damage site led historical archaeological surveys modern history ruins purchased bath ruins property managed trust acquiring site trust appointed direct archaeological investigation bond discovered chapel chapel relations employers turned sour revealed book gates remembrance interpretations collaboration psychic medium dismissed use psychic remembered man cultural understanding pilgrimage ruins held local churches continue today held second half june early july catholics attract visitors western_europe services celebrated anglican roman catholic eastern orthodox traditions abbey site visited year architecture ruins great church lady chapel grade listed buildings scheduled ancient monument set acres open public approached abbey gatehouse built mid 14th century completely restored 14th century abbey barn open public outside walls great church feet length feet wide choir feet long feet long chapel feet long feet wide remaining portions arcades supports central square tower fragments structures remain include portions outer walls chancel 14th century surviving stonework south nave aisle wall west linked chapel lady chapel walls survive described yards length yards wide abbot kitchen described best preserved medieval europe 14th century octagonal building supported curved buttresses leading inside large arched smoke outlets outlet centre roof kitchen attached feet high abbot hall small section wall remains work underway results excavations 20th century new survey help specify exactly size different buildings situated early work identified saxon enclosure ditch potentially earliest britain library abbey library described king henry viii visited containing unique copies ancient histories england unique early christian documents affected fire housed remarkable collection dispersed manuscripts known survived dissolution abbey retreat house abbey wall closed public abbey retreat house diocese bath wells house built stones abbey ruins altered extended alterations specimen found mentioned early sixteenth century anonymous joseph unusual twice year normal old wood spring new wood current season matured new growth winter tree widely propagated custom sending branch queen christmas initiated bishop bath wells james reign sent branch king james consort trees survive earlier legend holy grounds sent queen comes | Glastonbury Abbey | Art and architecture | Architecture | Architecture – Religious |
15327_StLlibio'sChurch,Llanllibio | church demolished church north wales founded sixth century church served small community chapel ease population declined substantially middle ages result changes farming practice factors community church served effectively disappeared result closed seventeenth century remaining moved local church plans nineteenth century rebuild church ruins came memorial stone tiny traces seen early history church north wales survey conducted records township welsh form land tenure inhabitants generally number working lord return small holding grazing rights township church like communities medieval wales population decreased substantially middle ages settlement effectively disappeared communities affected destruction resulting revolt changes land tenure new farming practices reduced need tied labour parish old road london port town miles church dedicated sixth century monk disciple recorded having founded church site feast day celebrated february area took church welsh word originally meant enclosure church chapel ease miles away closure closed seventeenth century church enlarged accommodate ruins according historian writing inhabitants area attended worship noted rector hoped rebuild church happen survey ancient historical monuments wales stated church entirely disappeared foundations churchyard wall visible guide churches says tiny traces church seen adding memorial slate marks location | St Llibio's Church, Llanllibio | Art and architecture | Architecture | Architecture – Religious |
15353_ChurchofStDemetrius,Patalenitsa | church church bulgarian medieval eastern orthodox church southwestern bulgaria lies village church built 11th 14th century possible dating based stone plate inscription present location existence unclear discovered restored 1970s work 12th 13th century built vicinity older church crossed dome stone building according legends church dug ground ottomans conquered bulgaria protected unearthed middle 19th century dedicated proclaimed monument culture national importance history dating according church location description district published writes previously existing church roughly place dedicated given village according previously sanctuary writes column church inscription dedicated preserved newer village church time present church construction exactly defined scholars opinion built early 12th century date late 12th early 13th century author placed construction late 13th early 14th century include 11th century possibilities publications refer marble plate found church bearing inscription following text pro duke year plate preserved late 19th century church known locals indicate connection plate legend tells digging church ground ottoman conquest bulgaria 14th 15th centuries ottomans according story church buried forgotten villagers mid-19th century local coincidentally rediscovered tying nearby cherry tree different version places cherry tree hill church stood reportedly cherry tree struck enabled villagers reach buried gate hollow trunk church soon dedicated 4th century military saint church listed architectural monuments culture national importance subsequent discovery early murals led inclusion list artistic monuments culture architecture decoration built stone dome bays exhibit church metres long wide relatively medieval churches crossed dome type standing bulgaria octagonal dome sided south facade features bays narrow windows attached church floor originally covered marble marble removed possibly rounds reconstruction church underwent example present added final reconstruction time 19th century medieval cover entirety church interior fragments survive today existence medieval mural layer unknown walls covered oil paint 1910s medieval uncovered restored team dating controversial church places painting murals 12th century scholars believe created 13th century according mural inscriptions opposed middle bulgarian evidence painted byzantine rule bulgaria time region belonged byzantine centred modern biblical scenes painted inside ascension jesus altar vault resurrection jesus vault left images number saints preserved including patron saint riding white horse | Church of St Demetrius, Patalenitsa | Art and architecture | Architecture | Architecture – Religious |
15427_AllSaints'Church,Runcorn | saints church saints church parish church sited south bank overlooking gap tradition church site founded replaced probably medieval church altered extended 14th 15th centuries 19th century building structure deteriorated dangerous replaced new church built designs church built local sandstone early english style tall southwest corner furniture church moved previous building memorials majority members family nearby saints active anglican parish church diocese chester arranging services sundays home groups week addition weddings running community project church designated grade listed building history church stood site present structure centuries tradition church founded built castle nearby dedicated probably simple structure wood mentioned book evidence baron died conferred church priest days medieval church subsequently built site 19th century demolition norman capitals found masonry tower judging early english style architecture local historian estimates medieval church probably built chancel rebuilt 14th century decorated east window century tower built west end church rebuilt increased size following century major item church furniture pre reformation screen destroyed church rebuilt 19th century fragments construction present choir stalls nave church measured feet feet tower feet high time dedication church changed later saints 18th century south aisle state decay rebuilt brick commission reported church small contain inhabitants parish extended south aisle adding galleries west end gothic windows replaced round headed windows half 19th century increasing concern fabric church tower dangerous gave orders bells recommended height tower reduced south wall chancel leaning kept position roof south aisle built years sinking gaps appearing windows concluded church demolished replaced temporary repairs carried insufficient money available rebuild church time july reported church dangerous condition calls necessary repairs december year architectural reports obtained architectural firm scott concluded church repair september sermon preached medieval church november contracts building new church completed new church designed foundation stone laid eldest son sir church consecrated bishop chester january church provided seating people cost build met public parish rate major donors miss largest land owner town sir dean chapter christ church oxford earl stained glass chancel windows donated sir clock installed tower new windows added chancel papal bull issued pope found churchyard referred dissolution architecture exterior church built sandstone slate roof early english style plan consists nave bays north south chancel lower narrower nave southwest corner consists square tower octagonal rising feet corner buttresses large bell stage tiers base tower corners nave chancel buttresses rise chancel nave cross organ chamber east end north aisle war memorial chapel east end south aisle windows round windows interior bay arcades carried square columns angled corners capitals chancel paved tiles marble dates altar rails donated daughter vicar church died mural moved old church commemorate members family previous parish brought old church designed table said communion table sanctuary chairs style chest addition royal coat arms board dating moved old church oldest memorial women described good wives died age large tablet memory died memorials sir died features unveiling second sir died shows female figure memorial died london memorial sir died brass form cross nave number georgian including died memorial williams clay containing portrait relief stained glass chancel includes windows depictions resurrection south aisle memorial died sea shown water wearing crown angel manual organ installed carries plate saying assisted ring bells cast charles tenor weighing having diameter inches tuned note external features house southeast corner churchyard dates converted use electricity sub station rectangular single story building red sandstone quarry tile roof door opening wide arch blocks string course west rear small heads house listed grade recorded grade listed building having designated december middle grades listing applied particularly important buildings special interest series comment church generous rounded later churches refer specifically high graceful present day church active parish church diocese chester chester combined form patron church christ church oxford saints serves old town area arranges services sundays weddings church runs community project known open door addition home groups week | All Saints' Church, Runcorn | Art and architecture | Architecture | Architecture – Religious |
16473_PunakhaDzong | known meaning awesome palace great happiness bliss administrative centre constructed 1st second oldest second largest majestic structures houses sacred relics southern school buddhism including sacred remains administrative centre seat government capital moved listed tentative site tentative list inclusion geography located confluence father mother rivers valley source river northern hills fed glaciers region valley confluence rivers main river known flows crosses india border eventually meets view healthy climate region winter capital head clergy entourage monks spend winter trees grow flowers spring history according local legend sage person named arrive hill looks like elephant 1st found peak hill appeared shape trunk elephant built legend tells architect vision dream ordered sleep small structure contained statue known small dream prompted psychic powers clear vision palace vision architect mind enabling conceive plan putting vision paper build basis dream vision architect building started completed place existed period leader unified following efforts unify country unit consecrated commemorative chapel erected house arms seized defeated spot set monastic order monks brought upper valley lived till death central tower main tower added abbot additions period ruler large known great donated ruler displayed held year 7th donated brass roof currently rules country monarchy established year site coronation time capital years later treaty signed british agreed interfere internal affairs allowed britain direct foreign affairs enlarged substantially rule 13th chief abbot fires caused damages earthquake severely damaged suffered numerous fires partially destroyed fire royal wedding wedding fiancée held october architecture lineage school buddhism second oldest majestic built orders structure central tower average elevation metres scenic mountainous background materials building consisted earth stones timber doors windows constructed embodiment buddhist values built rule measures metres length width metres defensive fortifications built protect enemy attacks consist steep wooden draw heavy wooden door closed night suffered damage fire large prayer hall added administrative offices large white washed tree located courtyard seen courtyard far left mound stones chapel dedicated queen residential quarters monks located second courtyard intervening second historic halls courtyard subsequently king hall king decorated order knight commander white courtyard southernmost end remains preserved literally means sacred body courtyard preserved body rebuilt containing body opened place visited king mainly seek assuming offices flash floods resulting glacial lake flooding upper reaches valley common occurrence rivers past caused flooding damage especially fires earthquakes added problem flash floods river damaged large caused deaths major work carried tradition ancient tradition crafts wood carving masonry metal work painting skills new new religious images treasures ceremony known ceremony performed monks central monk body held corresponding 12th 14th day month restoration works largely funded government india stands fully restored past glory complete restoration old glory notable images statues displayed include murals depicting life story rule second large statues belong mid 18th century panels pillars covered wooden bridge crossing river built 17th century bridge washed away flash flood work started new wooden bridge traditional style free span metres completed completion bridge new bridge hailed celebration years monarchy coronation majesty king venue coronation kings memorial people died glacial floods erected outside festivals annual festival held largely attended people villages far places district self created image brought displayed festival day festival known festival held february march impressive displays important display enactment invasion defeated theatrical display conceived mock throwing river final day festival marks display image followed group dance performance people dressed warriors main courtyard end performance dancers descend entrance shouting monks led parade river bank lot fan fare river marking considered offering residing river bed act traditional mask dances commemorating construction performed premises ritual observed year called worship departed souls current festivals | Punakha Dzong | Art and architecture | Architecture | Architecture – Religious |
17006_StMichael'sChurch,LlanfihangelYsgeifiog | parish church wales closed ruins structure dates 15th century chapel added north 17th century replacement church built parish old church closed partly demolished abandoned restoration work taken place 21st century occasional services held grade listed building national designation given buildings special interest warrant effort preserve particular important survival retaining original late medieval features history location set churchyard countryside north wales kilometres village leads church nearest road metres away area takes church welsh word originally meant enclosure church modified form michael welsh saint church dedicated present structure dates 15th century extended local family added chapel north decision taken 1840s build new church different site parish centre population area shifted coal mining construction road road london opened old church closed welsh politician church historian sir visited chancel north chapel remained new wall built west end chancel joined nave restoration work taken place 21st century assisted funding statutory body responsible built heritage wales services occasionally held positions rector vicar church combined held increase dean income people associated church include appointed perpetual priest antiquarian better known later dean architecture fittings remains church chancel feet inches feet inches north chapel feet inches feet nave south chapel roof demolished removed walls built rubble masonry dressed sandstone church entered doorway west end chancel doorway 15th century pointed arch south wall shows chapel opposite wall window late 16th century lights sections window separated stonework entrance north chapel reduced width light east window dates late 16th century inscribed stone window records date north chapel windows north east wall similar style chancel inscription north window recording construction chapel west wall chapel blocked round headed window blocked pointed arch doorway north wall priest antiquarian visited time church feet internally recorded north chapel measuring feet inches feet south chapel separated main body church rotting wooden columns feet main entrance porch south nave door north bench windows north nave inscribed southern chapel said similar windows north chapel external wall east window noted shield topped apparently date step altar noted appeared priests given inscribed cross similarly marked use survey ancient historical monuments wales dated altar 11th 12th century churchyard contains chest tombs 18th 19th centuries slate survey noted fragment 9th 11th centuries built 18th century memorials church bell church plate benches bearing inscription moved new church south east church commonwealth war grave marine world war assessment church national recognition statutory protection alteration designated grade listed building lowest grades listing designating buildings special interest warrant effort preserve given status january listed consists substantial remains 15th century church 17th century additions responsible inclusion welsh buildings statutory lists notes old churches rebuilt 19th century remains constitute important survival retaining original late medieval features writing church closed antiquarian described ancient structure noted ancient stained glass east window brilliant colours visiting years later said greatly dilapidated interesting island described north doorway nave having elegant mutilated details good design state church wrote unfit purposes public worship sir noted visit church abandoned presenting scene decay internally commented good doorway west end chancel referred character north chapel guide churches describes lonely spot says worth visit | St Michael's Church, Llanfihangel Ysgeifiog | Art and architecture | Architecture | Architecture – Religious |
17840_BrownMemorialPresbyterianChurch | brown memorial park avenue presbyterian church baltimore maryland large gothic revival style church built located park city section named memory 19th century baltimore ornate church noted exquisite stained glass windows renowned artist soaring vaulted ceiling prominent persons associated history church pastor wrote familiar hymn father world concert performer brown memorial early career called significant buildings city treasure art architecture church underwent million restoration history brown memorial presbyterian church building dedicated december memory chairman baltimore based investment firm founders pioneering baltimore construction funded gift widow equivalent million described baltimore historian successful businessman civic leader regarded religion things loved church noble nature church pastor serving collected later published books seeing saved hope church pastor formally installed september biography encyclopedia described fluent speaker personal appealed classes people influence sense national theology broad deep reached people countless ways exerted remarkable personal having unusually brilliant intellect stirring powers commanded admiration brown led fund raising efforts assist jewish refugees russia victims anti jewish popular speaker students church acquired additional property chapel complex called new_york_city prominent including faculty unsuccessfully remain brown instead accepting resigned january pastor manhattan church died suddenly following year age new_york funeral presiding clergyman need work brother life lived speaks memorial service pastor held brown memorial described impressive new_york_times inspired member chaired committee raise equivalent million construction new church memory beloved pastor half raised day wealthy congregation new_york_times reported new soon constructed north avenue property successor minister presided large memorial gathering baltimore june choosing text address treasure heart matthew baltimore service prominent including president founder president princeton_university poem published posthumously following year wife familiar hymn father world sanctuary enlarged addition windows stone minister significant development occurred addition current chancel designed notable architect installation present manual pipe organ popular ministry began outreach program baltimore jewish community occasionally exchanging local retirement minister regular years weekly television program discussion social religious issues produced broadcast worldwide forefront civil rights movement early 1960s coffin dozens civil rights activists arrested clash police baltimore july efforts popular attraction membership peaked subsequently declined late 1950s city population migrated suburbs response portion congregation decided build church suburban area north baltimore members wished remain location prompting decision operate church locations shared ministerial staff early 1970s church began program neighborhood children meals wheels service ministers pastor assistant minister congregations churches voted separation original church subsequently constituted brown memorial park avenue distinguish brown memorial separation completed october immediate past minister church pastor pastor historic washington list senior ministers present current ministry current pastor native north_carolina earned bachelor_of_arts master degree columbia theological seminary recipient prestigious named presbyterian clergyman author new_york_city wife met student representative ordained minister serves youth director children church historic leadership continues social justice issues including national peace efforts statewide campaign marriage equality local efforts rebuild neighborhoods advocacy school programs invest youth baltimore views current affairs frequently reported daily newspaper taken active role dialogues jewish christian faith communities music ministry current minister music june studied music succeeded internationally renowned concert recording artist minister music december director music new_york_city pittsburgh pennsylvania walker doctor musical arts degree stanford_university national vice president named minister music emeritus continues perform occasionally previous include celebrated gained considerable fame concert performer recording artist brown memorial early career later significant music figure life congregation succeeding fox composing music served years spanning 1950s late 1990s manual pipe organ pipes remains essentially today installed finished skinner organ underwent complete restoration original ranks instrument fully preserved memory level added organ choir sings wide range choral music sunday services works classical composers corpus choruses anthems 20th century composers major choral works performed year conducted walker accompanied guest god time best time season choir performance released programs activities regular worship services sundays holy days brown memorial park avenue church offers programs outreach concerts lectures study forums series presents high quality classical concerts distinguished speakers church speakers included founder spoke children faith require march series wednesday nights brown offers dinner speakers adults theology arts music activities children church active numerous missions locally national world scenes committee sponsors oldest volunteer school program nation partners local elementary school story reading program yearly donation books pupils high school college age youth participate share annual summer missions trip el_salvador church longstanding outreach program youth adults conduct summer learning camps children stained glass windows considerable number stained glass windows crafted especially prized exceptional depth called church collection dozen windows magnificent interior space restoration survey stained glass experts praised extent windows church million restoration project stained glass windows restored original birth infant christ announced angels tending flocks employed glass technique flames star glass baptism christ portrays jesus john baptist glass area water layer glass christ left foot create illusion looking water christ blessing children lord holds child lap face boy window donated memorial parents way jesus walks seas surrounded storm clouds glass create glow light figure jesus christ portraying christ praying garden surrounded trees glass young david future king pictured lifted christ portrayed clouds light head penetrating eyes follow viewer nave extra layer glass clouds lead light cross center glass brightly rays afternoon sun holy city john vision isle new jerusalem described revelation brilliant red orange yellow glass sunrise glass create effect moving water said largest windows panel stained glass window honors church beloved pastor 1880s 1890s clouds feathers individually glass john visionary wearing red having intense expression portrayed style 17th century flemish painter window glass located rear church based description revelation stained glass depictions trees mountains streams star cross rays stained glass windows | Brown Memorial Presbyterian Church | Art and architecture | Architecture | Architecture – Religious |
17843_BaclayonChurch | maria parish church conception virgin mary parish church commonly known roman_catholic_church municipality philippines jurisdiction founded jesuit priest oldest christian settlement elevated parish present coral stone church completed succeeded heavily renovated church church declared national cultural treasure philippines churches included collective group philippines magnitude earthquake struck parts church building sustained major damage history planted seed christianity request mother island father mission superior november father father came time catholic chapel existing inside elevated parish present stone church constructed finished expelled country immediately succeeded late year spiritual needs people renovations church administration father father father church saved destruction brought american soldiers exchange food water second world war church suffered damages later restored independent parishes respectively survived damages eventually restored church heavily damaged earthquake struck october historical cultural declared philippines declared july considered addition philippines collective group philippines churches eastern total destruction removed nominated site features church built coral stones cross shaped church crossing wall original roof replaced iron church complex strategically located facing sea originally defensive stone walls removed 1870s school building built coral stones middle 19th century wood stone market built facade original facade oriented southwest located built stone church built facade simply designed upper half hidden extended choir houses pipe organ way blue tiles connects facade added extension facade inscription based year construction facade invisible church renovations religious images dated found joseph child jesus niche conception central niche like facade walls church simply decorated icons angels head wings interiors church entrance flanked arcade leading entrance choir images saints found right left respectively floor inside lower ground outside new floor wood particularly installed later replaced brick tiles reddish paintings wooden panels commissioned father found inside church ascension lord doorway portraits portrait belonging set church museum fourth portrait lost paintings garden commissioned father currently housed manila works art murals replaced tin sheets present church ceilings ceiling paintings original work seen portions crossing walls originally adorned wooden images commissioned father later replaced european images baroque pulpit 1870s located right church facing altar connected convent private area guests visiting priests silver sanctuary lamp dated additional details added hanged crossing altar church mayor central major mayor inscription jesuit motto gave idea left church altar altar center seen maybe originally jesuit logo contains 18th 19th century images level center middle level conception center lowest level silver added altar altar ceiling painting depicting supper spanish inscription dedicated virgin mary gospel altar located left hand facing altar consecrated santo joining statue holy child 19th century images level smaller housing 19th century image saint mary located left gospel opposite altar right houses early 19th century image lady central niche joining image smaller built right houses image main niche octagonal connected near altar saint mary gospel constructed inside earlier image font unusual built housing glass coffin los central niche located near large room called storage room church decorations room connected convent main stores church wooden inside carries heart symbol order motifs doors leading similar doors jesuit church built time left extension living quarters expanded proper father typical floor coral stones egg white mixed plaster second floor light materials like bamboo convent serves priest house church ecclesiastical museum structures convent jesuit built remnants old fortification convent processes egg yolk unused egg construction building fingers church bell tower left unfinished expelled country succeeded completed detached structure church connected addition coral stones relief inscription date tower finished father san trinidad administration original bells father terms seventh bell church museum bell given newly founded parish chapel near separate rectangular chapel built road chapel leads cemetery stone fences middle cemetery stone chapel earthquake largest earthquakes hit struck island october center earthquake near centuries old churches including seven churches declared damaged church sustained major damage collapsed bell tower diocese plans restore churches destroyed earthquake government agencies pre restoration works currently going | Baclayon Church | Art and architecture | Architecture | Architecture – Religious |
17893_ChurchofStJohntheBaptist,Asenovgrad | church john baptist bulgarian known locally small medieval eastern orthodox church town south central bulgaria church located cliff west town dates 12th 14th centuries exterior decorated blind arches interior features 18th century fragments 14th century murals high position north wall church suitable defensive outpost location history church john baptist known locals located high cliff western outskirts belong old town allow construction terrain foundations reinforced church lies close ancient chapel entry holy mother god temple nearby 17th century water fountain remains medieval fortifications date 11th 13th century buildings contribute medieval atmosphere church dated art historian placed 14th century scholar dated 13th century archaeologist opinion theories equally likely architecture writer gives possible range 12th 14th century belonged northern fortifications medieval known greek continuous operation late 18th early 19th century suffered significant damage ottoman raids reconstruction works carried soon roof upper parts church modified interior time church protected national antiquity enlisted bulgaria monuments culture national importance church reconstructed 2000s team architect restoration efforts restored windows interior took days architecture decoration church john baptist relatively small measuring metres metres height metres terms design follows byzantine cross square style church lacks features single triangular small windows eastern wall carries clearly divides interior altar altar includes housed bays east wall church built rows stones facing blind arches form important church exterior decoration north south walls additional west wall walls metre thick architecture church closely resembles medieval religious buildings close surroundings notably fortress south unique feature north wall enabled church quickly converted defensive tower surviving church interior walls date 18th century include images mother god jesus christ john baptist painted church reconstruction restoration works carried 2000s uncovered 14th century murals depicting meeting elizabeth mary | Church of St John the Baptist, Asenovgrad | Art and architecture | Architecture | Architecture – Religious |
17996_KirkpatrickChapel | known chapel located university main campus new_brunswick new_jersey united_states university oldest extant buildings buildings located historic section university college avenue campus new_brunswick known built small private liberal arts college chapel designed architect beginning career native new_brunswick great great grandson president projects designed college named honour wife local attorney politician member board trustees death died named estate estate funded construction chapel according marked time new_jersey history institution direct heir estate chapel designed high victorian gothic revival style popular middle nineteenth century united_states design incorporated features common fourteenth century german english gothic churches according chapel stained glass windows feature sheet glass manufactured america chapel windows created studios included january national_register_of_historic_places july years chapel college library holding daily chapel services founded private college affiliated faith today state university chapel available students alumni faculty variety services held academic term university events including concerts alumni faculty weddings lectures prominent intellectuals world leaders history family died march age named estate time small private liberal arts college new_brunswick new_jersey affiliated faith founded queen college eighth oldest institution higher education established united_states colleges founded american colonies revolutionary war website states time new_jersey legal history institution direct heir estate daughter wealthy merchant land investor philadelphia married october attorney graduate princeton member wealthy prominent new_brunswick family pursued career politics children career elected county mayor new_brunswick member united_states house_of_representatives eighth congress served trustee years death remained new_brunswick husband death devoted member city later described having adorned profession christian deeds charity suffering son judge served chief justice grandson philadelphia merchant statesman colonel served speaker delegate judge mayor new_brunswick revolutionary war hero family long association subsequently members family served trustees received degrees college including following father graduate princeton taught queen received honorary masters served trustee brother graduate queen college nephew studied receiving bachelor degree nephew received bachelor degree later served college trustee received degree design construction trustees decided build college chapel funds available previously chapel services held inside old queen student body expanded 1850s 1860s larger space needed accommodate events death receiving estate trustees directed funds building university chapel young architect recently completed started firm hired trustees design addition housed located college avenue charged college work born raised new_brunswick received contract family connections great great grandfather president founders members family graduates trustees associated school nineteenth century grandfather served vice president college turned post president studied years apprentice german american architect connected projects city new_brunswick later designed sage library campus new_brunswick theological seminary earlier design seminary hall built completing addition hired design gothic revival style erected south old queen hall built funds received federal government new_jersey land grant college university fundraising campaign new chapel designed complement built old queen north projects designed beginning career later design hotels american cities including designing new_york_city plaza hotel building period buildings death architectural record celebrated august inspiring figures american architecture produced erected artillery captain commanding men placed cannons cover retreat george_washington forces british occupation new_york british victory taking fort washington november washington forces retreated new_jersey pennsylvania hamilton battery protected forces crossed passed new_brunswick british forces commanded lieutenant general lord orders lieutenant general 5th pursued washington far new_brunswick historic marker erected gift class located chapel completed cost dedicated december chapel seating people occupied section present building rear building lecture rooms office college president meeting room trustees floor library second floor august began convert large assembly room exclusively college chapel brother architect donated purpose honour ancestor served college president work proceeded quickly completed months college planned anniversary celebrations scheduled october inner separated chapel library rooms removed removal expanded capacity chapel persons current fire codes limit capacity college chapel present years daily worship services college student body increasing size student body forced stop daily mandatory chapel services hold services monday wednesday friday tuesday thursday years continued growth student body reduced schedule class meeting chapel day week sunday chapel services attended students chose remain campus weekend college new_brunswick campuses built donation later later merged transitioned private church affiliated college non public university world war role chapel transitioned frequent worship services religious use providing venue university special events including lectures programs classes despite transition chapel place continuing traditions university graduating classes stone exterior chapel carved class year early classes chose stone today new classes stones located class graduated years chapel frequently booked weddings memorial services concerts university member male musical groups university arts frequently use chapel concerts college library according building completed college president charged raising acquire reference books library survey reported held volumes college library libraries student literary societies president appointed recent alumnus serving college treasurer faculty secretary additional responsibilities librarian agreed devote hour day library work received month paid assistant week time library open daily noon increased holdings volumes informing president trustees library inadequate house collection trustees feared collection posed fire hazard collapse floor second floor library library chapel housed books crowded shelves hid floor library fast small accommodate reading college effort build new library publication wife contacted president library plans estimate construction costs wife wealth came inheritance family shipping business donated erect new library added total donors new building new library called hall built land donated began extend college campus west dedicated november anniversary signing college charter served school main library alexander library opened fully blind gave speech awarded honorary degree dedication ceremony notable events second forensic debate held society topic voting rights suffrage limited denied requirement age team won debate debate took place night societies american poet gave poetry reading chapel invitation english professor poet special ceremony held chapel june presented honorary doctor laws degree university granted grandmother queen netherlands bravery onset world war nazi occupation netherlands architecture designed complement exterior masonry constructed year new_jersey earlier proposal brick found expensive reddish brown sandstone houses buildings new_york_city new_jersey including old queen similar materials known popular constructing stone buildings properties rock allowed worked freely direction instead having cut direction grain design chapel attempted restrained approach gothic architecture typical examples victorian gothic facade porch buttresses described suggestive german gothic windows appearance described application inclusion similar english country church internally chapel nave arcade supported slender iron columns roof open timber black stained pine similarly library presently expanded chapel finished open roof native wood iron columns walls painted delicate chapel described alumnus architecture professor having particularly graceful interior wood light delicate proportions included january national_register_of_historic_places july fittings organ services augmented force large pipe organ regarded finest classical examples instrument state daughter alumnus donated college new organ father memory donation coincided anniversary year completion renovation remove dividing chapel library classrooms previously organ purchased class located gallery chapel built organ featured stops registers ranks pipes according skinner considered nation premier organ builder early twentieth century gave personal attention building organ purchase organ considered director music sought advice english noble installed music director episcopal fifth avenue 53rd street new_york_city dedicated april noble performed organ years skinner built organs installed churches united_states including new_york_city added organ ranks repaired organ components organ updated rebuilt successor company university oversaw work organ renamed expanded stops ranks pipes chapel organ gone silent years problems failures temporarily replaced state art electronic organ decided restore organ replace new pipe organ university considers possibility undertaking larger restoration chapel stained glass windows stained glass windows approximately windows chapel donated graduating classes turn nineteenth twentieth centuries windows depict class year phrases latin chapel windows designed crafted studios acquainted work according windows sheet glass manufactured america glass glass windows glass colour present caused manufacture colors superficial application metallic solutions windows studios include donated college class class window depicting joan arc donated memory sophomore committed suicide according window gift studios grandson wealthy manufacturer alumnus long serving trustee killed family aware romantic relationship woman negatively affected reputation designed large window chancel altar titled jesus teacher ages donated renovation chapel dedicated great great grandfather college president large window entrance chapel choir commemorates signing charter creating queen college new_jersey royal governor according star-ledger columnist charter window donated family commemorate anniversary signing dedicated ancestor early advocate establishing college sons sons instrumental raising funds political support establishing college windows chapel underwent year restoration beginning chapel windows direction studio jersey new_jersey portraits memorial plaques alumnus local attorney graduate class listed university publications collector portraits chapel effort collecting paintings portraying presidents prominent trustees professors chapel namesake portrait painted american artist named woman collection earliest portraits date eighteenth century walls inside adorned memorial plaques recording names graduates died war wrote names men women associated died line duty inscribed chapel service book number gold star scholarships established tribute number alumni killed action increased published conclusion vietnam war alumni killed vietnam recent conflicts middle_east present | Kirkpatrick Chapel | Art and architecture | Architecture | Architecture – Religious |
18056_StDeiniol'sChurch,LlanddanielFab | small 19th century parish church centre village north wales church location said established church dedicated son bishop current building early english style incorporates material fittings earlier church site including font 18th century memorial porch door medieval arch medieval carved human face parts nave walls come previous building church longer worship village served church building surrounding grounds sale grade listed building national designation given buildings special interest warrant effort preserve particular regarded good example simple 19th century rural church history location near centre village south north wales reached street passing local war memorial village takes church welsh word originally meant enclosure church modified form saint date construction christian place worship area uncertain said 19th century writers son bishop established church son saint known son distinguish father building time survives later dating 16th century earlier replaced 19th century parts structure reused current church survey ancient historical monuments wales considered sections walls nave older building antiquarian described old church ancient dilapidated structure good specimens architecture remote period writing clergyman antiquarian described altered successive little original architectural character preserved repairs carried new church added north work overseen architect diocese longer use guide churches noted services held number years added ivy growing building church parish merged adjoining village served january church grounds sale suggested estate agents handling sale studio storage subject necessary obtained people associated include wrote history served priest nearby parishes onwards jones translator death architecture fittings gothic revival church early english style built rubble masonry dressed limestone slate roof partially built material old church door north wall medieval pointed arch medieval carved human face nave church congregation sat aisle chancel site altar east end nave porch contains 18th century memorial south nave west end north section west end terminating cross containing single bell windows nave lights sections window separated save west porch light east end chancel adjoining windows tallest middle internally walls painted roof exposed pointed chancel arch steps nave chancel step sanctuary mosaic floor east windows north stained glass fittings include rectangular pulpit altar table pine wood octagonal font granite carvings survey recorded church owned plain silver cup dated visual inspection church determined inside organ remained place assessment national recognition statutory protection alteration designated grade listed building lowest grades listing designating buildings special interest warrant effort preserve given status january listed regarded good example simple 19th century rural church welsh government body responsible built heritage wales inclusion welsh buildings statutory lists states designed early gothic style scale | St Deiniol's Church, Llanddaniel Fab | Art and architecture | Architecture | Architecture – Religious |
18320_AllSaints'Church,Southampton | saints church southampton saints church church building located corner short distance south original church site named constructed medieval times land granted monarch time henry_ii monks building fell disrepair new church building constructed church renamed saints old church demolished new building completed following acts parliament allowing trustees church raise funds rates property parish incorporated saints building separate graveyard established church regularly attended author lived southampton painter sir baptised new organ installed church substantial refurbishment programme took place saints heavily damaged southampton blitz subsequently demolished saints building designed architect featured arched ceiling spanned sanctuary feet long feet wide use supporting pillars frontage church dominated columns supporting triangular resting place chancellor notable royal_navy officers august remains people buried transferred communal grave southampton history 12th 17th century henry_ii king england granted land construction church monks reign original church located corner short distance south chancel nave north aisle tower stages western end parish registers date great led number people ejected went form avenue andrew number rector church time church bells stolen night september found despite award offered mayor southampton london gazette 18th century medieval church fallen disrepair act parliament passed provision demolish existing structure rebuild parish church purchase land church yard old building act described ancient decayed condition demolished year work begun replacement church saints spring foundation stone laid august year addition replacing previous building number neighbouring houses demolished way new church building designed better known architect pupil sir complained late payment bills stating committee overseeing construction church owed writing design saints cambridge_university said church southampton probably important building authored obituary described principal work history hampshire building described wholly interest related finished building substantially different original intentions stating foundation stone laid ceremony attended poet wrote ode ceremony mayor southampton dignitaries attendance powers awarded church trustees act fundraising proved insufficient act passed years later remedy legislation introduction reported demolition completed construction new building way act allowed trustees borrow collect rates property parish pound act allowed raise additional provisions building completed original church remained intact incorporated new building underground cemetery reached slightly actual building extending portion high street addition separate graveyard established located south walls southampton street location technically outside parish boundary rector new church preached sermon building consecrated year sermon comments seen abusive attack christians exclusively use church_of_england prescribed forms prayer prompted detailed written response minister independent church southampton letter sparked response oxford turn led debate publications matter including pastoral charge son called richard born southampton went bishop act parliament passed new building constructed furnished allowing trustees raise increasing percentage collect properties parish pound 19th century early 19th century novelist lived parish regularly attended church mentioning occasionally correspondence letters noted january family unable attend consecutive sundays despite sunday blowing manage attend week painter sir born baptised church law commission estimate debt relating construction building paid graveyard closed church single bell dated manufactured warner london located fifteenth century sold new purchased place new organ installed church years later organ manufactured son consisted tiers great stops swell stops choir organ stops july saw substantial refurbishment programme place original ceiling main sanctuary completely replaced original plaster ceiling removed new constructed wood resulting weight reduction tons scheme cost 20th 21st centuries graveyard formally removed site children playground 1930s subsequently multi storey car park church damaged repair german bombing raid december august human remains housed transferred southampton single communal grave remains people transferred fairly preserved oak shells completely ruins church building subsequently demolished sources indicate exactly replaced shops multi storey car park parish registers successfully retrieved ruin despite damaged wax tar results fire followed bombing restored despite debts related costs construction building having settled early mid 19th century church exist years later acts parliament allowing trustees church levy rates properties parish purpose settling debts remained force untouched proposed repeal july view presenting recommendations parliament architecture exterior frontage measured feet inches wide columns measured feet diameter feet high columns topped supported lower spaces pillars filled wide arches entrance doors topped building lit semi circular headed windows outer columns building supported similar atop columns south building faced rows windows window feet wide upper windows feet high row feet high north windows neighbouring buildings east end roof church topped large concrete feature buildings southampton symbol welcome idea originated caribbean possibly reached city result slave trade 16th century survived bombing exhibited special occasions black history month interior inside church arched ceiling main sanctuary internal pillars spanned length width church measuring feet feet notable local newspaper claims served charles_ii buried specify chancellor rear admiral renowned royal_navy officer explorer participated expeditions buried naval officer captain sir interred | All Saints' Church, Southampton | Art and architecture | Architecture | Architecture – Religious |
18381_StEugrad'sChurch,Llaneugrad | church isolated church near village north wales church supposedly founded earliest parts present structure nave chancel chancel arch date 12th century chapel added north 16th century moderate restoration work carried 19th century contains 12th century font 13th century carved stone depicting memorial officers killed sank church worship combined parish founded brother parish incumbent priest grade listed building national designation given particularly important buildings special interest particular regarded simple rural church characteristic island medieval fabric including chancel arch described rare survivor early building date region history location countryside north east north wales community half mile village miles county town isolated church set oval churchyard located lane leading house farm community local government sub division equivalent parish council england takes church welsh word originally meant enclosure church 19th century writer said church supposedly founded sons king northern britain brother brother founded nearby church dedicated parish building early 7th century survives oldest parts church walls nave chancel 12th century north south added 14th 15th centuries respectively chapel added north chancel 16th century time second altar added churches allow expressions devotion late 15th early 16th centuries found churches 17th century saw nave porch added south west corner north west middle 19th century restoration work described conservative took place later century worship churches combined diocese vacancy incumbent priest service holy communion morning prayer english held church sunday poet recorded list clergy diocese rector signed deed poet historian better known rector churches death architecture fittings built decorated style rubble masonry roof slate stone 17th century west end containing bell stone crosses tops church external walls apart north west wall chapel south porch porch flat roofs church entered porch south west corner nave leads round arched 15th century doorway internally nave chancel separated 12th century arch covered plaster nave feet inches feet inches doorway north nave 14th century leads 19th century alongside doorway water shows signs carved stone depicting shows carved figure wheel cross probably 13th century previously set south door plain font thought 12th century west end nave chancel measures feet inches feet inches roof 16th century closer 17th century nave roof south wall chancel decorated wooden panel dated pulpit north wall removed chapel added beam placed opening chapel measures feet feet inches roof 16th century similar nave roof blocked 16th century doorway pointed arch chapel west windows mainly date 19th century south wall nave blocked round headed window 12th century 19th century east window lights sections window separated vertically topped shapes decorative stonework leaf circular pattern chapel north west window similar north window details similar blocked nave window medieval material window stained glass church windows clear glass church furniture pulpit reading desk chancel rail 19th century items decorated holes survey church plate diocese recorded plain silver items dish inscriptions dates 18th century memorials 19th 20th centuries members williams family land church stands fourth officer royal charter sank east coast loss lives remembered stone memorial style assessment church national recognition statutory protection alteration designated grade listed building second highest grades listing designating particularly important buildings special interest given status listed simple rural church characteristic island substantially 12th century character fabric body responsible built heritage wales inclusion welsh buildings statutory lists notes chancel arch commenting represents rare survivor early building date region 13th century stone 16th century chancel roof chapel 19th century historian described church small proportions appearance clergyman antiquarian visited later wrote little simplest island added plan building rendered erection chapel large nave north chancel noted figure suggesting come churchyard cross time visit said church state great neglect deserved carefully preserved architectural guide churches comments nave chancel considerable notes large beam chancel chapel describes porch unusual flat roof guide buildings region describes small adding small preserved plan comments north south obscured porch | St Eugrad's Church, Llaneugrad | Art and architecture | Architecture | Architecture – Religious |
18418_TauntonUnitarianChapel | chapel chapel somerset england built early 18th century baptist chapel later adopted exterior extensively renovated 19th century style chapel designated grade listed building despite suffering significant persecution peers state erected chapel near current site replaced building stands today 18th century probably ministry chapel form worship forbidden parliament merged church later century chapel underwent significant renovation early 21st century range structural decorative restoration works carried building continues serve congregation meet services twice month chapel history english reformation 16th century increasing number people unhappy control government monarch church_of_england led formation independent churches schools known worship faith illegal discovered taking arrested sentenced death imposed period religious tolerance death precipitated persecution principally act required use book common prayer legal form worship england england general specifically significant population baptist community town despite continued persecution erected meeting house royal declaration issued charles_ii attempt introduce greater religious freedom somerset places applied meet worship declaration withdrawn urging parliament following year led hostilities heightened failed rebellion large number fought king forces glorious revolution removed successor introduced act specifically allowed worship baptist community grown large reasonably affluent built new chapel funded entirely congregation near site original meeting house pastor church time ministry church transitioned baptist church chapel history suggested church adopted worship form worship remained outlawed act extend believed god father persons writing series disagreed placing change agreed zeal preached helped swell congregation history baptist church wellington notes baptist church built town served pastor chapel time experienced insult time burned door said suffered fate assistance friends ministry poet occasionally preached chapel staying cottage letter wrote walked miles performed divine services doctrine trinity act worship group formed following year built church silver street year found homeless having previously met paul street street condition meeting house led abandon merged congregation ministry merger congregation included influential inhabitants town chapel children sit stairs organ added chapel time building renovated cost chapel closed months building renovated time frontage added building number internal alterations building entrance doors replaced central doorway provided free school poor children town offer service equally girls boys mary street memorial schools built chapel replacing smaller school previously stood schools funded dedicated memory late wife father pastor chapel school run care trustees chapel closed reorganisation education school building sunday school function hall lectures meetings building underwent series repairs carried early 21st century included significant structural repair main supporting roof badly damaged frontage upgraded withstand effects north facing damage caused close road services continue held chapel march held twice month sundays month architecture chapel retains original interior including square columns oak galleries carved wooden pulpit large brass donated chapel later 18th century town members parliament building frontage decorated style floor split number doorway framed pairs similar identical topped triangular ground floor round headed windows floor round headed window bays outer pairs blocked designated grade listed building | Taunton Unitarian Chapel | Art and architecture | Architecture | Architecture – Religious |
18628_StMary'sChurch,Llanfair-yn-y-Cwmwd | small medieval parish church near village north wales building probably dates 15th century alterations contains 12th century carved stone font 13th century decorated coffin lid bell inscribed year casting historian vicar late 17th early 18th centuries invented land buried churchyard time 19th century dilapidated permit services held repairs carried 19th century church worship combined parish services held month april september grade listed building national designation given particularly important buildings special interest particular regarded good example simple substantially late medieval church said important survival older churches extensively rebuilt repaired 19th century alterations mary extensive history location mary church located churchyard yards road countryside near village north wales church miles county town mile neighbouring church takes church welsh word originally meant enclosure church fair modified form patron saint welsh mary referring mother jesus means type welsh land division parish means mary church date construction church uncertain medieval building probably 15th century 19th century clergyman antiquarian thought church probably 16th century date built material older structure historian suggested church dedicated sacked ease owned date transfer uncertain records survived mentioned belonging charter written shall know distant community came possess churches thought significant controlled churches mainland 16th century windows nave stonework supporting window structure added roof date later century early following century history antiquarian said church years state performance divine service noted rebuilt time compared churches 19th century changes substantial repairs undertaken supervision architects worship church wales service welsh held sunday afternoon month april september services held rest year churches combined parishes combined priest diocese priest charge group parishes people associated church include clergyman antiquarian incumbent priest ease death wrote history invented land buried churchyard farm nearby prototype testing carried architecture fittings church built rubble masonry dressed sandstone measures feet entrance west end north wall roof slate bell west end inscription bell states cast bell marked repeated initials inside structural division nave chancel 19th century wooden screen wrought iron gates step chancel sanctuary marked step base altar steps decorated tiles internal roof seven bays sections exposed window centre north wall lights sections window separated pairs light windows south wall window east end pair lights topped stonework pattern overlapping circles roughly oval font west end nave 12th century pattern sides decorated cross base font rectangular rounded corners carved human heads corners middle snake sides sign east font added later coffin lid dating middle 13th century displayed upside north wall chancel decorated carved cross foliage design 19th century visitor noted old plain coffin church floor churchyard near east window 18th century slate plaque south wall nave memorials 19th 20th centuries assessment church national recognition statutory protection alteration designated grade listed building second highest grades listing designating particularly important buildings special interest given status january listed regarded good example simple substantially late medieval church welsh government body responsible built heritage wales inclusion welsh buildings statutory lists notes old churches rebuilt restored 19th century considered important survival writing said smallest buildings class island feature architectural value noted elaborate coffin lid said font rude production twelfth century remarkable collection monuments historian clergyman writing survey church architecture contents referred coffin lid county outstanding examples memorials guide churches describes good example small country church notes simple screen maintained churchyard guide buildings region refers church small church date says font strangely carved rectangular base inconsistent found | St Mary's Church, Llanfair-yn-y-Cwmwd | Art and architecture | Architecture | Architecture – Religious |
18784_StJohn's,Ashfield | active anglican church located suburb sydney australia founded land donated church building oldest surviving building having built time subdivision increased population density sufficiently turn town church built linked early colonial towns sydney earliest remaining parts building sydney designs colonial architect later renowned ecclesiastical architecture expansive church grounds contain cemetery dating contains remains notable residents australia memorial occupies prominent position near entrance church john site listed local environment plan heritage schedule churches dock christ church inner west operating parish dock anglican diocese sydney church including later rector early history church established road colonial towns sydney known rose hill time rapid church building oldest churches sydney erected parish extended ecclesiastical district early contributors portion grounds area acre total provided gift local landowner park added urgency expressing intention having place worship erected immediately land appropriated purpose doctor politician sent colony having convicted pistol duel left opponent mortally wounded bland street named gave donation land fellow local medical contributed similarly donation funds received thought sufficient commence building exact location determined february appeals continued fund building sufficient size surrounding population church building church founded september service day read rector come district christ church begun plan church building address ceremony anniversary sermon preached foundation stone church dedicated honor worship god laid 9th day september right reverend father god william lord fourth year reign queen_victoria sir knight governor minister born women greater prophet john baptist greater luke vii building work church began construction came construction problems insufficient following year colonial architect assignments arriving sydney requested inspect church walls construction result report walls demolished erected continued funding problems transfer windsor caused delays church licensed operation october interior carved rector roof strengthened installation timber support columns august cost church purchased additional acres land remained death buried prominent grave church cemetery church eventually consecrated august years population sydney invaded shades expansion required designed current stone chancel transform church plan built period cost raised help grants government english societies foundation stone addition laid october included copy australian sydney morning herald time addition accommodated extra seats bringing total capacity construction choir wooden porch outside western door completed dedicated work overseen brothers followed trade late father designed west tower bell ordered england generous boys subsequent fundraising tower quickly constructed cost memory recently deceased rector dedicated november memorial bells proved depressing local populace rearranged added previously open arches apparently ineffective bells removed years music prior installation pipe organ musical accompaniment organ installed gallery western end church request rector transferred south remained sold later hill son organ including pipes costing total installed located north east corner use original making faithful original tones organ refurbished rebuilt change mechanical electrical action motivated removing increasingly noisy refurbishment included detachment console replacement pressure façade pipes sprayed dull gold colour covering original described time pipes rhyme reason dots bands colours rainbow confusion work carried organ mechanical action undertaken console moved organ action going backward floor organ necessitated removal floor foundation piers floor caused problems long term rebuild electrified sydney firm pipe organ builders refurbished organ returning action electric providing new roll detached console entirely new wind supply swell box discarded rebuild reinstated pedal stop extended pitch octave provided sub octave pitches swell manual washed cleaned regulated original hill standards church significant choral history significant events celebrated choir accompanied orchestra late 19th century john choir participated regional choir festivals site development small hall sunday school erected hall fallen disrepair needs children current parish hall planned replace memorial stone replacement building laid weather february architect building design domestic style highly decorated cost complete months seated sunday school space available additional classroom built nearby called small hall classroom john provided rector large family block land located corner avenue street purchased foundation stone laid original sold current main grounds church founded archbishop year built cost gravel pathways lined phoenix lawn church stone churchyard fence constructed 1920s street wall erected dedicated previous rector bland street wall dedicated commemorates key contributors cemetery existence soon foundation church elizabeth month old grandson consecrated archbishop sydney september stage reportedly contained remains people asked rector time set apart area containing acres burial place bodies christian people living australia memorial occupies prominent position grounds memorial service attended cadets held annually opened state governor lieutenant general built squadron leader commanded squadron period son died action world war children playground installed near boundary opened mayor regional influence number local street names derived presence church street ends directly opposite church entrance originally track residents reach church located fallen tree population sydney grew anglican churches area established congregation including final thirty years nineteenth century include dock declared separate parish involvement later referred eighteen date rector period originally england went mission madras health gave way transferred new_south_wales ordained priest disappointing progress building transferred richmond years rector period grew clerical family ireland married cousin children seven joined parents journey australia appointed set aside room family home deemed bishop temporarily licensed place worship church complete time minister parish concord earned government transferred rector period personally carved organized church built built presided alternately time lived picturesque wooden house called near road large workshop wood carving established private school enjoyed high reputation best collegiate school colony apart return trip england serving ship chaplain journeys continued leadership june accepted special commission cure rector period originally come colonies company father brother frederick charge uncle got married julia elizabeth daughter served short period chaplain years assistant minister canberra uncle left rector leaving moved later finally returning burial cemetery death newly ordained rector period come australia brothers sister charge rector rented original house family residence simultaneously held parishes dock time children died day finishing continued serve dock died aged buried cemetery rector period grandson ninth cave cave recently married arrived later career held thomas canon rector period previous appointment married daughter politician sir elected committee newly formed indication anglican support home cared abandoned babies subject storm protest accusing practices children born time john surprisingly period began provide residence rector encouraged population worship later returned islands missionaries provided frequent regular services predecessor emphasized saint days communion music period concurrently held andrew cathedral served canon chaplain rural dean family buried cemetery rector period final years career immediately previously spent nineteen years rector christ church bay overlapping time john chaplain archbishop sydney rural dean later father australian historian clark mother teacher sunday school rector period recently ordained joined having completed year wife died time john completed time local private school described popular church life australia forceful preacher rector period came soon arrived suffered breakdown health sick time died year rector period brought wide experience church work having ordained world war chaplain missionary school principal chaplain india recently rector rector period keen teacher having previously principal andrew cathedral school chaplain vice principal interested welfare young people enthusiasm led start john pupils time rector period served assistant clergyman time ordained eighteen years later returned rector rector transferred rector period long organ player inclined high church style died suddenly whilst rector dip rector period rector period rector early previously senior associate minister broadway anglican chaplain leading staff team arrival church marked change traditional communion services congregations variety styles acting time time acting rector taken temporary leadership filled gap acting rector previously rector later incumbent thomas took temporary leadership whilst undertook stood temporarily older brother filled death period came australia missionary chaplain leaving took position vicar acted rector period led months departure served sydney churches years acting rector period education established small plain white stone building near corner charlotte reported good repair pupils public school expanded church school proved unable compete closed building sold newly begun demolished catholic education area flourished seeing wrote england miss suggesting start school young ladies went ahead school known began cottage bland street officially non maintained strong links school grew moved premises eventually closed land buildings church having evolved long period church building displays elements range styles including victorian federation free gothic chancel constructed sydney sandstone nave tower rendered brick roofs slate interior described satisfying exterior ceiling curved roof plaster walls stained glass window range periods pulpit distinctive cedar carvings early rector cemetery cemetery geographically aligned church takes large portion land area oldest graves eastern path typically face west newer graves western path generally face east number notable residents buried fleet convict transported stealing clothing value pound eventually died aged members families significant early european settlement district years death led home 1890s depression despite shortage staff poet resident married daughter elizabeth banker philanthropist owned developed family grave wife jane daughter ashes wealthy landowner politician buried having spent life residence named solicitor member founding partners real estate agents richardson instructor author graveyard contains members families point named graves members families pioneer clergyman prominent figures john graves contain children took heavy tolls victorian period known healthy area families lost children burial rates declined rapidly turn 20th century rector notes time indicate funeral services conducted church preceded burial cemetery officially closed burial plots sold years memorial garden ashes opened time providing popular resting place community late 1970s day release prisoners assisted maintenance cemetery grounds australia year grant awarded restoration work cemetery time broken cemented ones cut letters ministry 18th rector early church amalgamation parish dock forming christ church inner west continuing rector new parish currently sunday services dock july run mothers children group discusses christian issues teaches english native language church began outdoor film festival showing ghost horror movies historic cemetery | St John's, Ashfield | Art and architecture | Architecture | Architecture – Religious |
18974_PundarikakshanPerumalTemple | temple temple village outskirts south indian state dedicated hindu god constructed style architecture temple early medieval tamil canon saints 6th 9th centuries dedicated consort temple built king years ago temple older temple temple inscriptions rock cut caves dating period depictions granite wall surrounds temple seven bodies water temple gateway tower unfinished shaped temple tank built reign outside temple complex kings commissioned paintings walls shrine present believed appeared sage hindu gods daily rituals yearly festivals held temple festival celebrated tamil month march april prominent festival unique state community feast offered custom stretching centuries temple maintained administered hindu religious board government tamil history temple believed built seen inscriptions rock cut caves inscriptions dated period period temple construction completed presumably time influence saints 7th 9th centuries helped spread greater extent public ruling kings temple patrons inscription indicates krishna avatar consort inside temple king temple later additions subsequent later kings temple suffered extensive damage flood repaired merchant modern times temple maintained administered hindu religious board government tamil executive officer appointed board manages temple temple temple temple scheme provides free food implemented temple board scheme free food offered day temple expenditure fully funded contributions architecture temple located village road shrine built tall artificial hill stepped entrances open month period january june opened month period presiding deity temple named thai gates temple believed represent continuous cycle entering life getting image presiding deity seen standing posture facing east believed appeared sage images housed inside consort called separate shrine festival image called housed inside shrine temple depictions depicted holding demon panel shows tearing demon rectangular walls temple seven water bodies associated temple main shrine temple seven water bodies structure called depictions krishna pillars temple notable depicted dancing pot seen dancing posture like hair ornaments sculpture seen demon kings commissioned krishna paintings exterior walls shrine clear telugu language labels paintings popular themes epic commissioned kings temple main gateway tower unfinished structure shaped temple tank built present south western corner street temple stepped having steps tank believed built reign modern times maintained temple complex covers area acres tank covers area acres archaeological study revealed layout rock cut caves temple similar rock cut temples cave temple unfinished caves temple lower cave temples shrine east west separated central bay legend word means white rock owing presence white rocks region place historically referred hindu legend stayed warriors white crossed path chased hid inside hole sage king narrated incident sage asked king fill hole milk hindu god appeared sage asked king bring north build temple site requested king took started building temple killed transit king concerned accident appeared requested counted according legend consort performed temple appeared presiding deity called meaning eyes resembling lotus consort called hindu god form believed sin holding severed head appeared prayers religious significance temple revered 7th 9th century canon hymns thirteen hymns temple classified temples mentioned book ancient sanskrit books consider temple meaning place gives best sculptures pillars temple reveal earliest practice krishna worship revered temple work hindu legend eighteen steps temple represent eighteen chapters hindu scripture steps represent sacred hindu religious texts sound big pillars temple echoes temple sacred verses recited pillars worship birthplace disciple called believed taught temple according hindu legend leading philosophy visited temple disciples placed image furious disciple explained god supreme birthplace disciple believed taught temple festivals religious practices temple priests perform rituals festivals daily basis temples priests belong community sub temple rituals performed times day ritual steps decoration food offering waving lamps step worship pipe instrument percussion instrument played religious instructions sacred text recited priests temple mast weekly monthly rituals performed temple festival prominent festival temple surrounding villages celebrated tamil month march april pull round streets verses recited group temple priests amidst music pipe instrument percussion instrument festival unique state community feast offered individuals committees custom centuries old idols brought temple car early morning amidst religious chanting rituals associated taking idols temple car performed time commencing procession | Pundarikakshan Perumal Temple | Art and architecture | Architecture | Architecture – Religious |
19395_StChad'sChurch,Poulton-le-Fylde | church church anglican church town coastal plain lancashire england active parish church diocese lancaster recorded designated grade listed building church site built later 11th century existed prior norman conquest england tower dates 17th century remainder building major renovation 18th century fabric original structure remains renovation additions took place 19th 20th 21st centuries soon norman conquest granted 15th century church given middlesex returned crown following 16th 20th century right appoint parish priest belonged family red sandstone building faced grey consists nave chancel square tower norman style include georgian staircase pulpit box bells tower outside church remains stone preaching cross history probably church site present norman conquest england written evidence book mentioned churches named later documentary evidence suggests probably churches dedication church 7th century saint weight pre conquest foundation possible built documentary evidence church dates conquest included lands given anglo norman knight named roger founded lancaster normandy endowed church land approximately miles away roger eventually banished country possessions reverted crown given king richard 1st baron butler right select parish priest granted roger monks initially thought included relinquished right kept preston lancaster monks installed vicar church taxation assessments behalf pope valued richest church lancashire repairs chancel ordered letter richmond sir william dean king henry dissolved alien control religious houses abroad church reverted crown given henry monastery middlesex time 16th century anglican parish church originally parish included newton suppressed henry_viii returned crown possession reign elizabeth brief restoration mary granted family remained patrons early 20th century time 17th century present tower built possibly charles reign church extensively renovated previously thought old church tower completely demolished recent evidence indicates new building contains outer walls previous structure original walls red sandstone faced grey nave rebuilt money wife margaret daughter 19th century graveyard public health concern overrun rats dogs chasing rats damaging churchyard finding sufficient ground new increasingly difficult bones removed nearby house extra charge people outside parish churchyard closed cemetery opened town round added church architects lancaster partnership austin incumbent paid addition died construction complete architect oversaw alterations built organ moved choir stalls built chancel work interior tower renovations included addition central aisle removal church victorian pulpit replaced small extension added north tower possession family approximately years sold major diocese architecture exterior outer walls church constructed red sandstone grey roofs slate church plan consists nave square tower west chancel sanctuary east clergy south east corner building tower west end church dates early 17th century sits south west corner nave aligned south wall church plan included north aisle north wall tower meets nave roof ridge constructed roughly dressed stone diagonal buttresses angled buttresses corner slate tower clock faces north south sides small stone porch east end south wall leads family burial vault doorway inscribed insignia south nave restored columns oval windows added 19th century according add touch large round headed pairs arched windows possibly added later plain windows north south round headed windows interior fittings internally nave measures feet inches feet chancel including measures feet feet inches tower measures feet feet ceiling church shallow galleries north west south accessed georgian staircase north west turned north south galleries supported plain columns contain box date stained glass dates late 19th century mid-20th century includes work lancaster designers hunt pulpit constructed style sides 17th century pulpit portion inscription book south west corner nave choir originally built screen carved oak formed family box originally situated chancel choir stalls sit described looking like cross railway carriage centre piece wood carved family including double headed eagle wheat griffin screen door comes box prominent local family carving goat head inscribed hang memory 18th century members family diamond shaped representations individual coats arms painted funeral hung parish church ring bells hung iron frame tower ground floor tower bells cast gloucester sixth bell recast london church bells signal town september march bells added cast churchyard south church remnants stone preaching cross cross originally situated boundary marked resting place travelling long distances bury corpses circular steps original structure set remain cross shaft replaced octagonal pillar pillar early 20th century stolen steps function memorial present day small garden remembrance churchyard noted locally display flowering early churchyard closed ashes cremated bodies interred small area west church 1950s paths churchyard incorporate set horizontally standing table tombs south east church marking grave stone features carvings skull known locally pirate grave present day assessment designated grade listed building september active church church_of_england diocese lancaster includes appointed vicar ecclesiastical parish includes | St Chad's Church, Poulton-le-Fylde | Art and architecture | Architecture | Architecture – Religious |
19931_StainedglassinLiverpoolCathedral | stained glass liverpool contain notable stained glass article refers stained glass anglican cathedral stained glass dates 20th century designs planned committee working conjunction architect cathedral intention forming integrated scheme cathedral number stained glass designers involved scheme major contributors came sons particular subjects portrayed windows numerous diverse include scenes characters old new church fathers saints famous humble windows lady chapel celebrate women played christianity designs windows ends cathedral based east window west window earlier designs dark later windows brighter colourful glass damaged bombing second world war windows replacing based originals simpler colourful designs history foundation stone laid july completed won competition design cathedral sir established organise design stained glass windows architect worked committee initially decide main lines design window based extent clear glass coloured committee decided subjects depicted discussion stained glass artist agreed details design scott concerned outset windows architecture committee continued work construction cathedral series discussions detailed oldest windows cathedral dark colour changes manufacturing techniques 1930s later windows brighter colourful description lady chapel earliest cathedral built competition design windows won sons commissioned designer brown worked worked freelance firm preferred designer prestigious projects chapel dedicated based role women played history christianity running windows containing words north holy women british isles south mainly saints commemorated prayer book lady chapel damaged bombing september glass replaced work undertaken simplified adaptations original designs following death work continued resulting windows brighter originals windows rear chapel staircase donated designed brown known windows depict women major contributions society including windows designs cathedral depicting saints nation british isles steps leading window cathedral company commemorates family local corn merchants includes biblical references corn harvest donated local memorial members lost world war windows designed reflecting interests traditions windows damaged second world war repaired sons east window east window designed brown dominates east end cathedral rising based theme window risen christ members heavenly choir windows representing communities praising god left window represents company fourteen figures excluding including saint window commemorates fellowship figures include john baptist window represents noble army christian starting underneath holy figures representing madagascar africa china window right commemorates holy church world angel possibly underneath representations king alfred warrior poet painter musician scientist physician figures commemorate law commerce scholarship architecture included choir main windows choir concerned windows north original south destroyed bombing renewed renewal central windows widened design glass simplified vibrant window known predominant colour shows author gospel symbol figures linked subject matter gospel windows north brown left window window represents shows depiction gold window commemorates shows feeding thousand daughter windows south window represents includes biblical scenes old testament figures window scenes baptism jesus included disciples old testament figures east ends rose windows brown window north aisle relates journeys sea undertaken faith moses crossing red_sea journey rome planting cross missionaries mission landing images rose window south aisle instances god power demonstrated water holding model jesus disciples storm jesus walking water malta central space windows north south sides central space designed includes tall windows topped rose window area glass window square foot feet level floor rose window feet floor level north window shows figures themes moses rose window figures include adam eve solomon important characters history south window depicts characters scenes depicted rose window depictions events including ascension variety saints war memorial chapel forming northeast themes aftermath world war sacrifice risen life design window started brown completed shows suffering death including depiction original window brown destroyed bombing window replacing shows christ arms welcome scenes acts compassion including figures southwest forms window depicts salvation particularly water healing window northwest theme church state nave windows nave deal historical subjects designed exception west window south designed includes middle window parsons window depicts notable including rugby ball window includes worked building cathedral members committees responsible depiction musicians window contains composers performers played development anglican church music window includes hymn writers cecil spring rice finally scholars window philosophers biblical scholars corner dean cathedral west window following scott death decided change design west end cathedral consisted small rose window elaborate porch worked scott produced simplified design gave opportunity large west window created based theme window consists round headed window tall windows covers area square foot window feet high canon treasurer cathedral states window represents risen christ glory looking compassion world images beneath depict creation united peace | Stained glass in Liverpool Cathedral | Art and architecture | Architecture | Architecture – Religious |
20113_StBeuno'sChurch,Aberffraw | 12th century parish church north wales church established 7th century abbot royal chapel early middle ages princes court oldest parts church date 12th century considerably enlarged 16th century second nave built alongside existing structure wall replaced arcade arches restoration work uncovered 12th century arch west wall original chancel arch doorway western tower lost church 13th century font memorials 18th century 18th century copper collecting church worship combined parish parish incumbent priest grade listed building national designation given particularly important buildings special interest particular rare example double church elements including unusually fine 12th century arch guide buildings region says contains significant work island history location church south west coast north wales set large churchyard south west village south church street church community established 7th century welsh holy man abbot structure period survives oldest parts present building south wall nave parts west wall 12th century work carried late 13th 14th century period ascribed doorway south church enlarged 16th century second aisle erected north church running length building arcade arches added old new parts building restoration undertaken chester based architect work rector discovered blocked 12th century arch set west wall thought writers original chancel arch suggested entrance tower west end said existed chancel north aisle walls rebuilt porch added south added north place north aisle created work carried architect diocese principal court princes early middle ages royal chapel worship churches combined diocese incumbent priest parish architecture fittings church built late decorated style rubble masonry dressed sandstone rendering outside wall west end wall external centre roofs nave north aisle slate stone stone bells west end bells dated inscribed hung stone cross entered porch south west corner nave leads inner doorway set pointed arch 19th century reached doorway north west corner church nave measures feet north aisle roofs bays exposed central arcade arches supported octagonal piers arches east north chancel slightly smaller nave feet north nave reset 12th century arch west wall decorated heads structural division nave chancel south sanctuary east end chancel raised steps marked communion rail sanctuary floor decorated tiles placed altar sanctuary east end north aisle steps leading floor wooden altar north sanctuary early 20th century copper panel depicting supper windows north south walls set square frames lights sections window separated decorated date kennedy work window eastern end south wall lights set pointed arch frame plain windows west end single lights topped windows east end lights windows including main east window stained glass london artist east window north aisle depicts good large octagonal font dates 13th century south church memorials 18th century sons richard owen 19th century memorials survey ancient historical monuments wales noted memorial died chancellor rector copper collecting wooden handles given rector survey church plate diocese recorded plain silver dated silver inscription recording gift sir author commented nearby church exactly similar dish donor noted church records showed silver belonging church lost churchyard west boundary churchyard situated commonwealth war graves soldier merchant seamen world war assessment church grade listed building second highest grades listing designating particularly important buildings special interest given status april listed rare example double church adding second nave common wales examples island old church body responsible built heritage wales notes largely late medieval character retains significant elements earlier building including unusually fine 12th century chancel arch comments respected predominantly 16th century character church writing clergyman antiquarian said repaired new respects altered original features scarcely compared arches arcade churches vicinity suggested work architect said doorway described arch west wall richly commented uncovered repairs welsh politician church historian sir visited church september said parts church late poor roofs poor open inferior writer described church ancient structure noted particular parallel guide churches comments church long history interesting view guide buildings region says church describes wide contains significant work island memorial described beautifully | St Beuno's Church, Aberffraw | Art and architecture | Architecture | Architecture – Religious |
20360_ChurchofStPeter,Berende | church peter church peter bulgarian peter paul small medieval bulgarian orthodox church located village westernmost bulgaria likely constructed decorated 14th century features simple stone architecture contains number remarkable interior located village graveyard interpreted cemetery church way related bulgarian royal court lost portrait likely referencing bulgarian visible exterior walls history original researchers ascribed 13th century owing lost exterior mural person west wall church described source image bulgarian image bears following middle bulgarian christ god faithful greeks identified person mentioned inscription bulgaria beginning 1920s publications church art usually dated 14th century based stylistic architectural similarities works period formula exterior inscription considered similar inscriptions known occasions location described cemetery church scholar considers ordinary village cemetery church inscription bulgarian opinion likely church constructed noble person related court second bulgarian empire protected national antiquity listed artistic monument culture national importance church existence undergone restoration conservation remain threatened lowest parts floor murals entirely erased moisture moisture resulting damaged decorated sections walls location architecture church peter metres feet west village near banks today lies old village graveyard far church way linking village bridge natural bridge rock formation church small simple rectangular single nave building constructed crushed stone walls range thickness accessible entrance west wall wooden door high topped shallow niche apart niche decorative feature architecture narrow windows placed south wall attached church east church features vault roof stone terms length width church measures interior decoration interior church houses original wooden altar carved second half 14th century basic shape constructed thick beams wooden boards traces painting visible openings entirety church interior covered 14th century described particularly remarkable publication notable mural portraits church patron larger life image wall include jesus christ painted right entrance middle reaches walls feature images holy week depicting events major holidays boasts image mother god portraits saints scenes complete decoration mural saint philosopher 9th century missionary position portrait clearly identify image hints local population confused saints philosopher remembered time images painted church include mother god entrance vault south entrance right entrance | Church of St Peter, Berende | Art and architecture | Architecture | Architecture – Religious |
20622_SeraMonastery | wild roses monastery chinese pinyin great university monasteries located miles north kilometres north origin attributed fact site monastery built surrounded wild roses bloom original responsible including located foot hills north complex structures colleges founded disciple revolt monastery suffered severe damage colleges destroyed hundreds monks killed took asylum india monks survived attack moved india initial established parallel colleges similar lines original monastery help government india monks living india community spread missionary activities countries establishing centres knowledge buddhism counterpart india noted debate sessions background original complex structures founded disciple prior establishing monastery assisted disciples set higher elevations complex divided sectors pathways eastern contains dwellings western known colleges instituted monastic universities monks age range structures complex formed clockwise pilgrimage circuit starting colleges order stated followed hall dwelling units finally ending colleges established train monks year programme philosophical knowledge concludes degree college colleges exclusively devoted practice ritual administration college comprised abbot council college years monastery developed monks resided monastery finest locations witness debate sessions held according fixed schedule monastery belongs largest monks residence history history monastery strongly connected master founder highly learned guru buddhist scriptures divine disciple established complex early 15th century initially served teacher monastery formed religious legend narrated site chosen vision saw text sky psychic spell gave insight text perceived vision rain like characters descending sky years later pupils fulfilled prophecy guru establishing seat learning knowledge complete teachings practices tradition king supported noble venture required finances performed foundation laying ceremony construction monastery detailing regard building development including installing sacred images idols objects worship completed according supreme wishes great monastery soon came known seat version came monastery location surrounded shrubs called formed like meaning fence events 14th fled india sought asylum month march year destroyed bombardment resulted death hundreds monks count monks living apart destruction ancient texts loss ancient antique works art survived monks common people onslaught chinese fled india severe winter weather conditions following mass exodus people including monks arrived india near state locations spread country exclusive establishments ready assistance forthcoming government india group monks monks established special monastery counterpart monks college survived invasion formed india houses buddhist monks comprising migrants born ancestral homeland forest land allotted government india arms representing monks colleges established monks got acres monks got balance area built grants government india monks reside pursue coupled surrounding allotted land raising food crops survival established organised monastery dedicated efforts monks assembly prayer hall accommodate monks completed monastery monastery affiliation smaller monasteries spread regions popularity monks living encouraged success noting pressure existing infrastructure additional larger impressive assembly hall measuring square feet feet high pillars built accommodate monks assemble prayers development original new counterpart monasteries college counterpart added recently india monk community gone global missionary activity establishing centers parts world removing cultural isolation years housed monks badly damaged following invasion revolution functional restoration according local sources monks reason decline attributed unrest geography monastery located northern outskirts capital built encompassed area acres geographical location base mountain known located northern suburb forms watershed basins formed rivers architecture monastery complex encompassing acres land housed institutions structures hall great assembly hall colleges dormitory called main hall scriptures scripted gold powder statues scent cloth murals seen descriptions given relate scenario existed monastery prior invasion china monasteries stated restored strength monks said small hall dated storey structure north east monastery facing east religious rituals rites conducted hall measured area square metres built pillars tall short columns constructed entry columns building statues images thousand hands faces ancient written scriptures dated volumes original volumes written possession monastery said emperor dynasty presented scriptures printed wood blocks gold cover engraved red china builder monastery entrance hall built columns large suspended ceiling walls centre provided light hall day image founder monastery central image deities installed metres height flanked statues lions vii favourite disciples inner metres high image guarded entrance houses image consort protector deities second floor seen small heart faces found armed idol flanked images placed fourth floors private apartments oldest college built established dynasty reign initially elementary basic education buddhist religion college adopted step step approach studies buddhist doctrines practice particular sect buddhism college built area square metres units lighting struck main hall rebuilt hall finally refurbished pillars tall short pillars housed galaxy statues buddhist main deity copper main deity students past teachers college college statues west east images protection deity east images images company sixteen elders depicted mountain caves volumes sacred text large image replaced earlier image chapel right images teacher founder second floor college image images replaced sacred texts destroyed cultural revolution floor reserved college largest college complex measured area square metres initially building fourth floor added 18th century strengthening building total columns statue said sculpted copper known popularly considered protective deity monastery deity obstacles healing powers deity divine injunction initiated son follow tradition supreme protector deity monastery assembly hall college depicted life achievements seen north wall images founder housed statues times housed main image contained images faced disciples amidst library images best students main buddhist commentators india gate keepers north east images teaching pose looking debating courtyard second floor monastery west called provided overview main image floor small image headed images 5th protector deities floor floor living quarters teachers spelled smallest colleges set complex building originally built refurbished 18th century devoted studies college assembly hall ground floor assembly hall built tall short columns carved capitals main image centre hall wearing black hat founder monastery believed presented image images hall religious teacher principle disciples founder housed statues chapel images elders double series upper series style lower series chinese given chapel housed 15th century image story residence second floor images medicine reports college destroyed resident monks died bombardment chinese language main dwelling units house monks monastery thirty surrounding central courtyard size varied depending strength monks housed monks village housed monk given separate cell prayer hall exclusive study buddhist doctrine annexed tea house main assembly hall minor images deities longevity inner speaking image protector springs renovated chapel image protector deity located hill slope accessed track painted rock carvings protector seen flanking stepped approaches route new building constructed place old destroyed revolution climb hill leads caves developed centuries renowned place learning trained hundreds scholars attained fame buddhist nations affiliation including located foot hills established held protest marches chinese rule result suffered incarnation brief details largest important located kilometres northwest valley slopes site years old dates founder buildings built area 7th century settlement originally site castle fort revealed converted monastery possibly reign second great buddhist king seven monks new earliest buddhist monasteries possibly pre dating original monastery partially destroyed king campaign destroy monastic buddhism rebuilt 11th century structure housed monks lived site eventually scholarly institution fifth known fond monastery funded building upper floor independent mid-1980s controlled chinese came control monks renovated continuing traditions temple noted blue carved gold hallway inscribed words meaning hail jewel lotus number stone relics buried cultural revolution monks restored excavated relics restored central shrine dating years located temple depicts called trinity temple takes hill past group cave known meditation chamber contains statues wives rock carving notably tradition monthly yearly ritual cycles important yearly ritual events day sets day rituals place new year celebrations sixteen day sets day rituals place fourth month attract people surrounding districts ritual events place sixth month fourth day pilgrimage known lies kilometres north slightly east downtown believed founded abbot 18th century retreat renowned scholars control early history supervised training monks evicted turned notorious gained reputation severe institutions run chinese 1980s citizen established monastery sect remember late physician mother receiving permission municipal government began site official estate previously controlled monastery initially objected converted practice centre today partly ruined consists major sections main temple compound central courtyard temple kitchen monks living quarters extensive ruined complex south main temple served meeting rooms living quarters workers business managers estate building served living quarters fully ordained monks formed ritual core monastic community stable cow hybrid main temple contains statues deities dimensional model palace today priests residing main temple compound living southeast ruins located far western end valley property estate chinese invasion originally served meditation retreat monk named monk great according tradition died body remained state perpetual kept inside temple monks reported hair nails continued grow death chinese invasion body buried decayed regional house rebuilt 1980s bones today placed inside altar clay statue regional house temple cave inhabited great guru original cave collapsed landslide present rebuilt adjoining ruined safer location exists located east hill principal cemetery located close distance pilgrims undertake sixth month fourth day drug celebrations smooth relationship history official monk enjoyed facto status monk monastery observes practices special aspects temple complex belief assures rebirth remains brought cemetery believed light rays exchanged image chapel northern end cultural revolution present fifth incarnation incarcerated time later sought asylum india 1980s destroyed cultural revolution rebuilding started monk completed rebuilt houses monks east small exists ruins location north prior belonged consisted assembly hall monks quarters famous divine image blessed dead buried cemetery resident monks present plans rebuild lack funds west ruins present built ruins historical northeast monastery named local deity known setting ground ideal perform rites known saints surrounded mountains sides assigned divine names soul mountain families group hills monastery soul mountain hand bone ornaments deity found birth deity peak hill left cave known offering place cave copy holy scriptures said found local legends narrated respect history founding lived cave direction local deity established ruins originally built tiers lowest tier main compound middle tier known tier temple sixteen seventh student fully supported build temple temple sixteen residence stay visits came known upper residence reverence guru deep died performed rites got installed statue located guru near second excellent equation eighth jam power equation resulted monasteries built satellite monasteries lung located valley northeast downhill lies completely ruins large temple individual trance possessed god attempted renovated 1990s met opposition local people site associated controversial protector deity redevelopment prevented situated suburb dog northern mountains north east corner visited sixth month fourth day drug pilgrimage circuit fairly fully considered attractive hills surrounding monastery given divine paradise identified syllables divine history traced 9th century main cave known centuries monastery seen leading lights monastic order playing role building female saint lab legs pan royal family members like queen ring king supported activities significant face development occurred incarnation teacher 13th 14th cultural revolution saw total destruction approval local government reconstruction face begun substantially restored past glory historical belonging located northeast north mother fifth patronage upper temple complex built formal monastery destroyed cultural revolution 1980s took control complex rebuilding activity sporadic monastic rituals held college cultural revolution located close facing south yellow retreat house built interesting story house local site spirit visit narrow window house mural image seen wall credited special powers image speaks known speaking statue favourite spent substantial time composed great commentary taught known assigned teachings founder derived meaning new monastery today lies completely ruins belonged incarnation lineage established incarnation run thirteen fully ordained monks destruction foundations fragments walls remain including notable rock carvings large meaning peak located mountain directly kilometres north hours walk hill main complex older according tradition site contained meditation legs reputed end seventeenth early eighteenth century distinguished brought knowledge philosophical tradition attracted students included historically monastery substantial size following destruction chinese drastically reduced section rebuilt chapel monks quarters magnificent views city protector shrine small assembly hall remains believed contain large metal statue great statue statues sixteen speaking statue large images disciples statues incarnation lineage today hall inhabited monks use central worship residence inhabited exists consists rooms central waiting room meditation small protector deity chapel enclosure ruined kitchen smaller storage today situated east north east according legend visit area find site locating saw crow spoke interpreted revealed sign build consists caves entrance caves belongs estate yes agree carried restoration works live means place located kilometres hills north west south facing pilgrimage mountain circuit substantially destroyed cultural revolution rebuilt 1990s estate present incarnation recent return stated functioning autonomous institution minimum allegiance believed founded las regent death student fifth requested permission build sixteen monks foothills native invited fifth perform site investigation determine location build monastery treasure discovery self arisen stone image located lower temple initial fell ruin official founding monastery credited las nephew belonged built pillar temple rear chapel site later possession junior tutor living 14th stayed published teachings famous work liberation hands 1950s site began religious retirement community elderly constructed small live final years lives intensive buddhist practice began site 1980s founded modern seen today grown largest somewhat unusually houses owned individually administrative body site communal gathering located north ancient history traced 11th century dam buddhist visited location named place ordained shall monastery monks basis events occurred visit place fame recent years leading bold role played organizing silent demonstrations chinese rule seeking freedom protesting arrested incarcerated brutally handled released protracted detention historical located suburb dog northeast believed originally retreat buddhist scholar initially founded monastery seventeen monks later allotted exclusive use provide personal security residing remote remote higher valley east away present location hour walk monks shifted original home located east associated stated nearby caves 9th century founding credited nun interpreted functioned time generation went decline brought jurisdiction debates debates monks buddhist doctrines integral learning process colleges monastery complex better buddhist philosophy attain higher levels study debating tradition supplemented gestures said exclusive monastery monasteries visitors attend witness debates held set schedule day debating courtyard monastery procedures rules debate monks presence teachers set rules procedure defender tradition debates traced ancient hindu india practice buddhist eighth century debates usually place monastery defender prove point view subject proposed debate debate opens invocation recited loud high pitched tone roles defined present case buddhism related topics defender answer fixed time frame debate specific answers like accept reason established time questions meant defender defender reply time frame expression witnessed debating sessions role witness normally leads conflicting opinions participants listeners direct contradiction defenders outcome formally decided physical gestures debates punctuated vigorous gestures occasion gesture meaning presents case subtlety formal monk attire gestures said symbolic value debates generally subtle dramatic gestures question holding right hand stretching left hand forward striking left palm right palm hands loudly stress power defender arguments denoting self assurance case wrong answer presented defender opponent gestures circles hand defenders head followed loud screaming defender opponent mistake demonstrated wrapping upper waist loud intense verbal exchange common approach trap defender wrong line argument time new question asked teacher strikes left palm right palm question answered correctly acknowledged teacher bringing right hand left palm defender wins debate makes dig questioning basic wisdom buddhist schedule tradition conducting debates tradition set monasteries sect monastery pre modern similar monasteries established exile india location debates held debating schedules year depending rituals festivals observed year daily session held breaks students debate issues buddhist scriptures related subjects monastery debate alternated rituals daily schedule alterations suit climatic season morning debate noon debate afternoon debate night debate festivals monastery hosts impressive festival popularly known festival largely attended monks festival held time february calendar corresponding specific date fixed monastery according calendar festival day taken palace offers prayers strength briefly placed heads monks disciples president popular festival witnessed visitors locals festival held month august calendar festival represents symbolic worship essential notable alumni known west include wisdom island centre new_york professor emeritus madison eminent monk directed buddhist center switzerland founder student presently director author liberation palm hands highly revered lived late nineteenth early twentieth century spiritual guide 14th abbot university attendant subject documentary film gallery | Sera Monastery | Art and architecture | Architecture | Architecture – Religious |
21173_ZhenguoTemple | temple temple chinese buddhist temple located village china temple oldest hall hall built dynasty notable featuring large hold roof flying sculptures inside hall examples 10th century buddhist sculpture china history history temple begins recorded thousand hall built date written beam hall date given local history written 19th century written confirms date oldest building temple surviving building dates short lived northern han dynasty little known temple history record renovated city temple inscribed list layout temple contains main halls gate buildings wall surrounding entire complex temple opens south hall acting temple gate hall north final hall called dates dynasty northern courtyard features minor halls facing east west called date dynasty bell towers located hall thousand hall important hall temple thousand hall china oldest wooden buildings bay single hip hall nearly square shape measures meters high despite building small size features identify regular hall pillars directly floor instead stone pedestal structure complex doors hall addition hall windows door pillars supporting structure corner column holding roof 7th degree complex large types according sets nearly meters high height columns inter occur pillars 5th degree hall ceiling upper lower set exposed speculates complex humble structure attempt northern han rulers build magnificent structure limited resources hall contains sculptures period chinese sculptures period survive outside main statue flanked heavenly kings | Zhenguo Temple | Art and architecture | Architecture | Architecture – Religious |
21386_StEnghenedl'sChurch,Llanynghenedl | church parish church north wales dedicated son 6th century king according 19th century antiquarian church erected new church erected replacing building 19th century clergyman antiquarian noted dating late 13th early 14th century based decorations south doorway church later fell result growth nearby village valley church dismantled erected extension serve church churchyard visible history location site village north wales north west island miles east port town little known saint church dedicated sons king late 6th century brother successor church recorded dedicated feast day celebrated sunday ash wednesday village takes church welsh word originally meant enclosure church variant saint according 19th century antiquarian said church built time writing church attached parish rebuilt architect diocese church subsequently built parish village valley valley grew declined use eventually closed dismantled rebuilt extension serve church erected west end adjoining west end built kennedy old east window faces west middle roof churchyard remain original location architecture fittings writing kennedy rebuilding clergyman antiquarian recorded church feet internally divided nave chancel judging decoration considered south doorway dated late 13th early 14th century noted 12th century font ornamental design similar east window lights sections window separated stone similar church longer exists survey kennedy rebuilt church ancient historical monuments wales said formed continuous nave chancel measuring total feet church time good condition entered porch south north font church contained 18th century memorials font south chapel church survey church plate diocese recorded silver inches tall chester date mark inscribed names vicar year described resembling inverted bell standing stem accompanying plain cover inches diameter bore maker mark letters square shield crescent mark leopard head indicating london assessment described church small adding parts display marks great antiquity said size considerable churches welsh politician church historian sir visited church july said small church small rude windows | St Enghenedl's Church, Llanynghenedl | Art and architecture | Architecture | Architecture – Religious |
21708_TempleofGarni | temple temple armenian lit pagan temple classical temple armenia best known structure symbol pre christian armenia probably built king century temple sun god armenia conversion christianity early fourth century converted royal summer house sister iii according scholars temple tomb survived universal destruction pagan structures collapsed earthquake renewed interest 19th century led excavations site mid-20th century eventual reconstruction known building armenia standing building soviet_union main tourist attractions armenia central shrine armenian location temple edge triangular cliff fortress armenian oldest fortresses armenia mentioned century site near village armenia officially known armenian includes temple bath complex royal summer palace seventh century church minor items medieval total list historical cultural monuments approved government armenia includes items occupies hectares acres supervised agency attached history precise construction date temple unknown subject debate dominant view built eleventh year reign king painter discovered greek inscription named sun founder temple inscription probably came fortress wall actual temple damaged readings possible reading translation early medieval historian attributed inscription scholars attribute inscription inscription says temple built eleventh year reign temple believed completed date proposed gained general acceptance armenia date primarily linked visit rome crowned roman emperor rebuilt city destroyed roman general gave million provided roman return began major project reconstruction included rebuilding fortified city period temple thought built temple believed dedicated sun god influenced armenian mythology equivalent like armenian monarchs considered patron scholars argued historical context temple built returning rome king natural dedicated temple patron god finds view structure temple russell inscription refers temple according different interpretation extant literary evidence provided erection temple started pretext construction declaration armenia roman province temple housed imperial newer alternative theory proposed suggests building tomb probably constructed circa theory based comparison roman buildings western asia minor monument discovery nearby graves date time discovery marble pieces style arguments pagan temple survive destruction armenia conversion christianity temples destroyed tomb ruler possibly decline early fourth century armenian king iii adopted christianity state religion virtually known pagan places worship destroyed temple pagan structure survived widespread destruction remains unknown temple destruction philosopher argues status masterpiece art possibly saved destruction suggests temple perceived entire culture suggested reason destroyed temple tomb roman appointed king armenia noted seventh century church built immediately place according temple time converted summer house sister iii purpose changed temple underwent changes outside temple cult statue removed opening roof closed stone structures removal water roof removed entrance temple transformed adjusted residence known subsequent history temple destruction reconstruction entire temple collapsed devastating june earthquake according scholars located gorge original building blocks remained scattered site allowing building reconstructed european travelers mentioned temple works early 17th century visited armenia earthquake incorrectly described local actually visited site visit fortress called throne locals described saw follows confused pile beautiful fragments columns capitals broken disorder european visit document ruins temple referred fortress book proposed reconstruction plan known proposal reconstruct temple archaeologist fifth russian archaeological congress proposed stones moved georgia reconstructed according plan suggests plan read attempt opting armenia roman past glory russia relocation iconic monument nearest administrative center governor citing technical difficulties implement plan subsequent decades scholars studied temple excavation led temple ruins uncovered sought reconstruct temple 1930s began major excavations fortress site led architectural historian focused temple years later december soviet armenian government approved reconstruction plan temple group led began reconstruction works january completed years destroyed earthquake temple entirely rebuilt original stones missing pieces filled blank stones intended easily monument dedicated erected far temple architecture overview temple follows style classical architecture began developing seventh century scholars variously described structure greek roman usually linked art pointing distinct features local armenian influence scholars emphasized armenian influence architecture calling armenian completely dismissed view calling foreign structure armenian soil instance stressed temple roman style building remarked construction essentially influence contemporary subsequent armenian architecture hand called product architectural art period entirely resembles 9th century temple specifically temple surrounded columns built elevated podium constructed grey locally temple composed temple supported total metre high columns order sides corner columns listed twice based comparative analysis proposed columns temple origins exterior triangular depicts sculptures plants figures staircase unusually high steps centimetres high twice high average height stairs suggests unusually high stairs person ascending staircase feel physical effort reach altar sides staircase roughly square greek mythological held earth sculpted way seemingly trying hold entire temple shoulders assumed originally held tables exterior temple richly decorated depicts continuous line furthermore ornaments capital stones projecting sculptures lion heads fragment bearing lion head removed captain late nineteenth century bequeathed temple metres high metres long metres wide people fit inside relatively small size proposed statue stood inside ceremonies held outside furthermore white marble sculptures bull discovered metres temple possibly remains sculpture god portrayed fight bull lit sources large entrance metres opening roof metres current state use tourist attraction temple nearby medieval monastery main tourist attraction sites armenia people visiting visit sites collectively known people visited temple recent years notable individuals visited temple president polish lady austrian president spanish opera singer greek president personalities american keyboardist american comedian brien visited temple october armenian assistant filmed episode armenia included dancing temple episode aired late night talk november scored million viewers preservation temple fortress supervised government agency attached survey state conservation rated quarters visitors good good awarded measures taken preserve cultural emphasis placed efforts interpret open site national international visitors shrine temple central shrine small number followers armenian hold annual ceremonies temple especially march pagan new year celebrations held summer festival pre christian pagan origins notable events square temple site occasional concerts soviet televised music festival song year recorded temple major concert held july armenia conducted orchestra played works composers torch lit near temple august depictions temple depicted use incidents september russian tourist early temple spray painting literally translating world idol painting cleaned days later armenian state service protection historical cultural reserves filed civil lawsuit february agency requested recover damage resulting vandalism april decision province court ruled custody months fine requested gallery | Temple of Garni | Art and architecture | Architecture | Architecture – Religious |
21868_StIestyn'sChurch,Llaniestyn | church church medieval church wales church said founded 7th century earliest parts present building dating 12th century church extended 14th century changes coming years contains 12th century font 14th century memorial stone workshop stone church use seven churches combined parish grade listed building national designation given particularly important buildings special interest age retention original features including history location church stands churchyard rural eastern near village church gave area welsh word originally meant enclosure church saint date foundation church unknown author guide churches notes thought nephew saint established religious community place 7th century churches established according 19th century writer church donated established known church recorded year oldest parts building including blocked west door date 12th century extension chancel probably 14th century east window 15th century south door dates 16th century saw addition south restoration work took place roof adding north window west door discovered use worship belongs seven churches combined diocese rector reverend architecture fittings church built rough rubble masonry stone parts covered render chancel nave measure feet inches feet inches south feet internal walls roof slate change structure denote internal division nave oldest building chancel west end roof church entrance porch south rebuilt material dating 15th century round headed door inside square door frame date east window chancel shape pointed arch dates 15th century lights topped hood mould north nave rectangular window 16th century south windows south east walls south window lights topped 16th century arch east window small rectangular 14th century wide opening rest church spanned large wooden beam west wall south holds century carved stone wears holding staff right hand inscribed left appearance monk commenting cord hanging waist similar worn monks order flowers background historian written depiction staff accurate suggests artefacts objects survived sculptor copy inscription reads lies offered image health souls grey sandstone wales area donor land land probable paid rebuilding work church woman appearing inscription aunt stone originates workshop similar memorials area stone originally shrine saint positioned altar 18th century moved present location cylindrical font west end nave 12th century outside font decorated carvings bands band contains round headed arches middle band series band crosses patterns decorations similarities design style font church 18th century stone tablet recording poor parish north wall chancel communion table rails date late 17th century churchyard contains war grave world war assessment church national recognition statutory protection alteration designated grade listed building second highest grades listing designating particularly important buildings special interest given status january listed good medieval rural church retains original early features welsh government body responsible built heritage wales inclusion welsh buildings statutory lists particularly notes fine 14th century memorial writing clergyman antiquarian said church treasures described font remarkably curious said monumental wales higher antiquarian value image guide buildings region notes barn like entrance porch describes surprisingly accomplished | St Iestyn's Church, Llaniestyn | Art and architecture | Architecture | Architecture – Religious |
22687_PrincetonUniversityChapel | located university main campus princeton new_jersey united_states replaces older chapel burned designed signature collegiate gothic style built university cost million delivered sermon chapel ceremony following major year restoration size design evoke small cathedral english middle ages university chapel size time built university_of_cambridge foundation poured concrete superstructure sandstone limestone main sanctuary consists gallery nave joined crossing elevated choir chapel extensive consists stained glass wood carvings stained glass great windows facing cardinal direction christian epic windows walls choir planned faculty member goal portraying scholar words synthesis christian faith modern thought chapel seats people chapel hosts weekly christian services daily hosts annual special events services history princeton_university built chapel replace chapel stood present chapel stand burned ground location new chapel chosen reasons symbolically new chapel rise ashes old practically locate new chapel centrally campus expanded eastward university supervising architect designed oversaw construction new chapel sought build crown jewel collegiate gothic motif championed princeton campus university president stake project student hostility princeton brand mainline rise ordained minister hoped new chapel majesty inspire students attend services convert high church lent support aim designed chapel assistance member firm faculty member played central role planning built worked projects princeton campus contributed design stained glass windows studio philadelphia based stained glass artist plans new chapel public called replacing chapel immediate necessity nonetheless project encountered financial problems early insurance money chapel insufficient fundraising chapel competed ongoing general capital campaign university ground ultimately broken princeton commencement ceremonies june following year laid cornerstone construction received considerable media attention promised largest university chapel united_states second largest world cambridge construction cost million completed led dedication ceremony year elaborate ceremony covered time march weeks sit ins delivered sermon chapel sermon called universal brotherhood life spiritual plaque interior south wall chapel nave commemorates occasion chapel underwent year million restoration despite complexity work chapel remained open restoration project earned stone work won tucker award renovation restoration magazine time experts working stained glass restoration called largest project undertaken united_states large single studio divided studios massachusetts pennsylvania new_york following restoration chapel ceremony people belonging buddhism christianity islam judaism gave prayers leading ceremony dean religious life thomas said christian chapel meant belong description chapel collegiate gothic design evokes english church middle ages aspects including vault supports recall french churches chapel built scale large parish church small cathedral precedent university chapel size small chapel regularly cites exeter cathedral tower architectural detail notes princeton chapel detail nonetheless differs significantly foundation poured concrete chapel built rest structure grade level masonry metal reinforcement structural steel framing roof restoration reset steel anchors arches crossing designed support addition central tower option exercised bush words felt princeton towers exterior chapel approximately size small medieval english cathedral measured exterior feet long feet wide feet high exterior constructed largely pennsylvania sandstone indiana limestone trim western end chapel entrances north west south walls additional door chapel north opens garden named recognition role chapel construction dedication garden designed chapel south additional door ground level east exterior pulpit designed oxford named honor chapel connected eastern arch connection religion scholarship resigned princeton supervising architect inclusion arch disliked nonetheless participated chapel dedication ceremony nearby replica courtyard oxford statue religious symbol associated sits atop presented princeton governor entrances sits designed sculpted main west entrance depicts jesus described book revelation relevant resembles beneath figure christ princeton_university shield illustrating university motto sub power god north south entrances depict baptism christ respectively exterior includes notable elements east wall features relief bulldog head decades old myth relates placed recognize yale_university mascot bulldog yale alumnus fact attend college unclear interest promoting yale sculptor worked chapel construction placed small carvings face bottoms flanking main entrance identifiable glasses interior measured interior chapel feet long feet wide feet high crossing interior limestone central area choir sandstone sound absorbing tile mounted parts wall vault running west east main sanctuary consists gallery nave joined crossing elevated choir seats building southeast corner houses inscribed wall facing nave prayer princeton services chapel inscription refers holds commencement ceremonies chapel east west lead upper gallery looks nave lead nave feet high named divided vertical levels arcade ground level beneath roofs configuration proportions typical english churches nave vaulted ceiling supporting recall french churches gallery level narrower medieval churches passage seating south aisle features window bays north easternmost bay entrance chapel called nave constructed wood originally intended civil war gun carriages spent year producing intricate carvings northern named burned ground present chapel built replace american flag flown uss princeton hangs north wall southern named donor staircase leads bright pulpit choir named choir elevated steps altar stands far east end altar choir stalls built carved oak speculated wood dated time according represents outstanding example american oak pulpit stands choir facing nave originated north france probably style suggests reign henry_ii oak dates church near france years private individual purchased shortly church property french revolution changed hands times obtained chapel chapel organ pipes ranks stops designed installed skinner invented stop princeton chapel organ response request princeton director music organ dismantled shipped england major restoration organs gave opening restored organ chapel consists square feet stained glass stonework wood carvings faculty member expert medieval art primary support assistance devout christian friend shared goal princeton students choose lives christian sought chapel words carefully objections christian faith articulate princeton synthesis christian faith modern thought calls stained glass heritage christianity early twentieth century stained glass windows nave north south represent aspect synthesis north windows depict biblical figures scenes south windows contain images associated human knowledge lower level depict teachings christ upper windows level depict influential figures philosophy theology poetry law science read east west science window faces window north wall scenes genesis harmony christian story creation modern means understanding large stained glass windows found main sanctuary great east window love christ choir richly decorated scenes life christ culminating image great rose process selecting scenes window contentious pitting preferences conservative colleagues family window donors liberal final compromise paired gospel scenes great west window second coming christ gallery philadelphia window friend argument students complain religion daily life window answers john come life great north window christ martyr verse mark shall endure end shall saved carved window declaring theme lower window shows historical christians noted great south window christ teacher theme declared gospel verse time john shall know truth truth shall free noted christian writers teachers depicted seven liberal arts doorway north wall nave topped carvings shields representing christian religious centers jerusalem rome canterbury flanked carvings representing seven virtues corresponding seven door leaving topped carvings shields representing medieval universities oxford paris flanked carvings representing seven liberal arts seven gifts holy spirit large stained glass windows walls choir christian divine comedy arthur north wall progress south wall notes images historical legendary people carved choir reflect intended seating chapel ceremony images figures connected music carved west choir sit images scholars carved east faculty sit altar carved images religious figures catholic saints north leaders south epic windows reinforce idea catholic north protestant south catholics wrote north south touch north south symbolically united love christ great east window stained glass windows telling story book job set walls gallery friend known delivering popular lectures job speculates friend windows included address problem evil designed windows consultation friend death chapel pays tribute places religions depicted stained glass window north nave star david christian cross star crescent windows images planned chapel built places chapel includes images figures associated princeton_university princeton president theology window nave south wall protestant leaders carved choir altar professor science window nave south wall graduate princeton graduate student law window nave south wall graduate princeton dedicated stained glass window near princeton sixth president great south window christian teachers current use chapel operates university overseen dean chapel current dean chapel princeton calls chapel home regular religious services university faith groups including year old christian community founded princeton university closely associated affiliated religious keeping tradition chapel hosts christian services sunday catholic mass celebrated daily reconciliation offered days week twice weekly chapel hosts annual special events opening exercises ceremony marking beginning university academic year held chapel service remembrance alumni day chapel hosts service remembering members princeton_university community died preceding calendar year nearby holds major performances ceremonies year chapel events include annual evening readings december westminster commencement ceremonies princeton_university graduating senior class attends service chapel sunday prior commencement provides music weekly service performs occasional concerts chapel relative size calls chapel largest university chapel world according princeton second tallest height nave crossing tallest king college chapel university_of_cambridge tower tower university_of_chicago chapel resurrection taller princeton chapel tower | Princeton University Chapel | Art and architecture | Architecture | Architecture – Religious |
22815_StMary'sChurch,Reculver | mary church founded 7th century monastery site roman fort north eastern kent south eastern england site fort given purpose king kent priest named beginning connection kings led king kent buried church wealthy beginning 9th century early 9th century 10th church treated essentially piece property ownership passing kings canterbury viking attacks extinguished church religious community 9th century early 11th century record indicates church hands dean accompanied monks time book completed serving parish church original building incorporated stone tiles roman fort simple consisting nave chancel small room built church northern southern sides nave chancel met church altered expanded middle ages addition 15th century north south leading nave expansion coincided long period prosperity settlement decline led church decay face coastal erosion complete demolition church twin towers preserved intervention long important landmark shipping materials structure incorporated replacement church dedicated built parish rest building new harbour wall known remnants original 7th century church apart site include fragments high cross stone stood inside church stone columns formed arch nave chancel place church demolished kept features led church described anglo saxon church architecture sculpture origins church known existed founded king kent gave land priest purpose author clearly considered significant event king intention founding church create ecclesiastical centre strong english element domination canterbury church turkey north_africa probably equally non native followers historians vary church monastery uses term uses commenting know monasteries founded communities monks dedicated service god living monasteries male communities start bodies secular clergy operating like canterbury accepted degree communal monastic discipline responsible pastoral care extensive rural areas distinction regular secular clergy blurred beginning england word necessarily refer house monks eighth ninth centuries like english equivalent normal term church served body clergy ninth century communities monasteries certainly composed priests clergy lesser orders like cathedral community head canterbury cathedral foundation church sited remains roman fort widespread practice england roman walled places major churches new church built completely demolished roman structures building formed nave measuring feet feet chancel externally internally round entered nave triple arch formed columns limestone region northern france arches formed roman tiles columns church roman origin inside stone bench small rooms forming rudimentary built north south sides church nave met chancel accessed presence stone bench inside attributed influence time followers displaced walls church rendered inside giving plain appearance hiding masonry years foundation church king kent granted lands miles south west western east monastery grant charter recorded probably written grant particular significant highly strategic place overlooking confluence great directly linked canterbury early site toll station agents kings collected trading ships route grant regarded sign enormous royal favour church church received share royal tolls levied original 7th century charter recording grant referred city probably reference roman past church monastic status large population centre abbot elected archbishop_of_canterbury position probably offered patronage support writing years later described having educated bible experienced ecclesiastical monastic affairs terms indicating scholar charters monastery continued benefit kings 8th century acquiring lands exemption toll ship king kent buried church properties belonging 7th 8th centuries indicated passing unrelated records estate land probably high area kent iron sourced use sale behalf unidentified property named land district records provide names early 9th century monastery extremely wealthy appears records essentially piece property period kent control kings beginning treated kent claimed direct control similar churches areas control monastery appears hands archbishop canterbury recorded having deprived land hands king strategically lucrative control secured privilege pope gave right dispose monasteries england year monumental showdown began archbishop king control monasteries featuring particular dispute continued submission surrendering estate hides possibly paying fine secure return record dispute indicates continued denied control heir final settlement reached control kent fell kings compromise reached archbishop king confirmed son recognising lay lords monasteries spiritual particularly election bishops copy record agreement preserved factor leading abandonment strict policy increasing intensity viking attacks begun kent late 8th century seen isle army spent winter occurred like monasteries lay exposed coastal location presented obvious target search treasure 10th century monastery ceased important church kent territory hands kings charter king england gave canterbury time estate included land land miles south west monastery parish church remained home religious community 10th century despite vulnerability viking attacks possible abbot community took refuge canterbury community monk named recorded saint early 15th century found wrote buried church probably killed 10th century regarded martyr church broadly preserved primary character odds evidence monastery lacking 11th century monastery dropped sight entirely abbot recorded unknown abbot possibly abbot appears charters church described monastery governed dean named home monks named names indicate presence religious community european continent probably temporary resurgence communal life period earlier eleventh century old provided refuge body foreign monastery parish church function territory canterbury book records archbishop annual income value compared example manor borough sandwich included account church farmland mill salt fishery numbers multiplied times account represent adult male heads households 13th century parish provided ecclesiastical exceptional wealth led disputes lay church interests pope total income rector vicar included parish ease saints church parish broken archbishop canterbury created parishes response difficulties posed distance mother church steady increase population time parish church later demolished continued receive payments parishes 19th century token repair parish retained perpetual decline church building considerably enlarged time outer walls north south extended nave 8th century forming series rooms including northern southern sides porch western towers added extension new west late 12th century internal walls rooms added 8th century demolished creating north south sides nave 13th century original demolished chancel doubled size incorporating triple east window columns 15th century north south added nave church endowed memory endowed vicar suppressed reign early towers topped shown illustrated map drawn year north tower held ring bells addition towers extraordinary investment parish church extent church enlarged middle ages suggest thriving township developed nearby despite building work church retained prominent anglo saxon features particular enthusiasm seldom displayed visited saw base stone wrought second stone wrought images christ peter john james remember christ alpha peter christ son living god painted roman capitals second stone passion image christ hanging support beneath feet figure high cross describing removed church archaeologists examined believed base 7th century cross 1920s suggested monastery originally built cross compared open air preaching cross scotland traces paint fragments cross details later stylistic assessments indicate cross carved roman column probably dates 8th century 9th stone believed base foundation original 7th century altar reported wall painting unidentified bishop north church arch anglo saxon item found church gospel book roman capital letters thereof stone gospel book written roman unlikely later early ninth century italian import celebrated sixth century manuscript known native product seventh ninth century written half royal appears lavish binding decorated roman cameo final form church consisted nave feet long feet wide north south length feet wide chancel feet long feet wide including towers feet high surviving towers reaching feet towers measure feet square internally connected internally gallery feet floor nave overall length church feet breadth west survives feet decline visited noted coastline north little quarter mile village soon described simple people parish taking services holy communion church map shows church stood feet shore january local justices peace petitioned concerning sea september land near rods feet harm village failure support beer shops points clearly declining population village abandoned end 18th century residents moving miles south west parish decline settlement led decline church described decay noticed nave lowered time judging tops east west walls fact tops windows west door time filled brick noted roof repaired details appearing replacement lead described church weather beaten building away fury elements letter said somewhat dilapidated repairs tended destruction autumn northerly storm combined high tide bring erosion cliff church stood churchyard destroying yards wall churchyard yards foundation church sea defences place costly build design led cliff schemes devised sir preserve cliff means new sea defences estimated cost instead meeting january vicar decided church demolished decision reached vote leading residents including vicar votes evenly split vicar casting vote favour demolition applied archbishop_of_canterbury permission demolish arguing human probability shortly deprived place dead archbishop commissioned neighbouring clergy landowners assess situation reported march church demolished save materials erection church demolition begun september gunpowder described act vandalism parallels records nineteenth century young clergyman parish urged mother demolish shrine early duly save western towers act landmark shipping razed ground demolition shrine early anglo saxon church architecture sculpture thorough represented ruins site material incorporated replacement parish church fragments cross stone columns church triple arch columns fragments cross display thousand tons stone demolished church sold incorporated harbour wall known completed tons lead stripped church sold bought left structure parish ensure towers preserved navigational aid built designed protect cliff ruins stand destroyed storms replaced similarly shaped open structures topped wind structures remained removed time ruins church site roman fort built care english_heritage sea defences protecting church continue maintained archaeological report demolished church published described finding foundations chancel columns formed triple chancel arch noted original floor church concrete inches thick floor previously described prior church demolition polished smooth finished red sample having taken difficulty floor found believed foundations stone cross described noted concrete floor appeared laid floor chancel appeared raised inches chancel extended early english period covered tiles reported hearing existence large circular burial vault east end chancel containing arranged circle excavations undertaken 1920s found nave original church external doors north south west sides chancel doors leading north south turn external doors eastern sides floor described peers noted surface consisted thin layer brick believed date stone described foundations stone cross excavations revealed steps leading burial vault reported peers refer steps vault report extensions west original west dated years church built peers observed extensions given type floor original church drawing comparisons 7th century chapel essex abbey canterbury peers suggested original church probably windows set high northern southern walls nave areas wall found archaeologists missing ground marked site strips concrete edged flint church found free standing monastic buildings stood apart archaeologists discovered foundations identified probably medieval building rectangular east west axis eastern wall aligned church pre dated extending contact western end roman bath house stood yards east south eastern corner 13th century chancel building recorded drew plan roman fort church buildings found area north church lost sea connection peers noted early canterbury churches christ church northern sides building stood west northwest church anglo saxon doorway dimensions anglo saxon church appearance having monastic erection demolished sea weakened foundations storms winter reported building outside churchyard believed parish church stood main church monastery building chapel dedicated later known chapel house stood north eastern corner fort collapsed sea october peers noted brick arches design twin towers west sydney australia added based church efforts save way governor wife elizabeth left asked governor aide camp design towers cathedral west oldest remaining parts anglican church australia oldest site continuous christian worship stone presented cathedral english_heritage | St Mary's Church, Reculver | Art and architecture | Architecture | Architecture – Religious |
23065_ChurcharchitectureinScotland | church architecture scotland church architecture scotland incorporates church building modern borders scotland earliest christian structures sixth century present day early christian churches evidence basic masonry built constructions west coast islands christianity spread local churches tended remain simpler english counterparts eighth century sophisticated block built buildings began constructed eleventh century larger ornate buildings twelfth century introduction new monastic orders led boom ecclesiastical building english continental forms thirteenth century elements style began appear scotland buildings rebuilt renaissance influences seen low massive style probably influenced contacts italy netherlands mid sixteenth century reformation church architecture scotland resulted rejection elaborate ornamentation existing churches new churches produced plain style plan emphasised pulpit preaching style adopted presbyterian wings scottish attempts introduce baroque elements church building restoration eighteenth century influence led churches employed classical elements rectangular plan continued early nineteenth century increasingly controversial began rejected version gothic revival flourished early twentieth century world wars form neo norm new churches second half twentieth century new churches highly influenced resulting rectangular irregularly shaped buildings built new materials later demolished level new building reduced 1970s functional new churches 1980s striking original designs middle ages early churches introduction christianity scotland ireland sixth century led construction churches originally wooden like excavated evidence survives era basic masonry built churches beginning west coast islands spreading south east early tended square ended walls similar irish period medieval parish church architecture scotland typically elaborate england churches remaining simple towers highlands simpler built rubble masonry indistinguishable outside houses farm buildings monasteries differed significantly continent isolated collection wooden surrounded wall chapel guest house buildings timber construction probably heather later rebuilt stone underground cells circular like ireland similar sites excavated eighth century sophisticated buildings emerged development early masonry produced block built stone buildings like eleventh century round tower square towers eleventh century masonry techniques advanced blocks rectangular resulting stable walls incorporate refined architectural detailing seen time increasing influence english continental european designs known style origins roman building techniques early churches byzantine_empire italy characterised massive reinforced walls round arches bear weight rounded barrel vault roofs introduction style scotland associated ecclesiastical reforms began reign bringing continental ideas church organisation country oldest church scotland probably small chapel built wife margaret edinburgh vaulted semi circular twelfth century number new parish churches built lords land small buildings connected cells diminishing size ending rounded best preserved chapel dates probably built church choir tall square tower survive detailing derives work church england carried yorkshire monastic establishment built style begun behest existing small chapel expanded square choir rounded years later replaced church nave survives pattern detailing piers modelled similarly cathedral begun employed worked durham shares similar pattern great round arches based thick cylindrical pillars arrival new monastic orders scotland twelfth century led boom ecclesiastical building english continental forms including complete buildings survive gothic style developed originating twelfth century france known gothic characterised pointed arches flying buttresses brought britain retained thick walls pierced arches slender pointed arches style characteristic early gothic britain seen abbey begun resembles religious foundations northern england style seen east end incorporated typical european gothic elaborate style known decorated gothic applying ornamentation pillars particularly curved motifs began adopted thirteenth century characteristic scottish church building fourteenth century built thirteenth century particularly nave east end highlands elaborate decoration style visible south aisle finest examples near monastery named burial heart alongside body wife period wars independence saw large number ecclesiastical buildings ruined including church building largely confined parish churches relatively secure areas like originally church dominican fifteenth century continental builders known working scotland french master mason employed building rebuilding considered fine examples gothic architecture compared reformation interiors churches elaborate highly decorated houses like ones surviving carvings depicting progression seven deadly sins created mid fifteenth century considered finest gothic style late medieval scottish churches contained elaborate burial monuments like douglas tombs town douglas renaissance impact renaissance ecclesiastical architecture seen adoption low massive church building round arches pillars contrast perpendicular gothic style particularly dominant england late medieval era adoption low massive style influenced close contacts rome netherlands conscious reaction english forms favour continental ones seen nave begun facade chapel collegiate churches established scotland late fifteenth early sixteenth centuries like edinburgh showed combination gothic renaissance styles early sixteenth century saw crown built churches royal connections imperial monarchy early modern era reformation reformation church architecture scotland rejected ornamentation places worship need elaborate buildings divided ritual widespread destruction medieval church ornaments decoration need adapt old buildings build new churches suitable reformed services particularly putting pulpit preaching centre worship earliest buildings simple style continued built seventeenth century examples include new buildings windows south wall north unique feature reformation materials churches rubble employed stone added wooden church edinburgh built rectangular layout largely gothic form sophisticated classical style variation rectangular church developed plan adapting existing churches allowed maximum number near pulpit seen continued seventeenth century seventeenth century greek cross plan churches cases arm cross closed aisle meaning effect churches larger churches edinburgh restoration later seventeenth century presbyterian wings church adopted sized plain form churches emerged reformation plan arms rectangular planned arrangement continued major feature centrally long axis end case churches result little baroque church building seen minor innovations indicate restoration era built sir duke championed bishops reign charles_ii gothic windows emphasised antiquity basic greek cross plan remained common framework new churches drive forms worship resulted linear patterns including rectangular plans pulpit end opposite entrance major exceptions standard pattern work jesuit youth included rebuilding undertaken outfitted elaborate style smith designed sir circular structure modelled designed latin cross form increasingly popular smith saw episcopal service presbyterian revolution occurred completed chancel blocked making effect plan eighteenth century neo eighteenth century established patterns continued shaped churches long greek cross plan inscribed circle octagonal scots born architect highly influential british ecclesiastical architecture introduced consciously antique style rebuilding london massive rectangular plan similar patterns scotland seen andrew square designed built master mason smaller chapel completed designed design rectangular plan nave barrel vaulted layout superimposed act began building limited number new including chapel meeting house designed edinburgh chapel opened glasgow adopted simpler version rectangular plan second half eighteenth century scotland rapidly expanding economy population resulted laying numerous new towns settlements resulting need new churches support local residents included george street new town edinburgh designed followed tradition oval plan tall builder probably designed redesigned village grid plan central square focused following tradition nineteenth century neo decline early nineteenth century influenced tradition continued seen form developed edinburgh controversy style led greek temple motifs pagan relatively greek churches built capital exception church temple common edinburgh churches combined classical elements features like charlotte square executed baroque glasgow tradition existing meeting houses continued graham criticised fronted classical designs established church included redevelopment gothic revival western_europe nineteenth century return medieval styles grouped gothic revival early examples included adams george edinburgh included octagonal arches examples included chapel like early nineteenth century examples influenced included built octagonal reconstruction perth examples explicitly perpendicular form seen graham old urban populations grew major neo gothic churches built accommodate passing catholic relief act designed roman catholic chapel glasgow growth benefited mainly anglican english workers edinburgh modelled english perpendicular chapel glasgow plan symmetrical tall tower began concern providing churches new towns relatively supplied highlands establishing church extension committee led early 1840s added churches largely public subscription occurred roughly ministers congregations left established church buildings form skills helped build new places worship established church took time recover embarked rival programme church building increasing number parishes intense competition different denominations led creation grand churches tall ultimately resulted churches financial burden future generations intense competition congregations led changes worship attractive reflected architecture european protestant churches engage innovation reflected seating arrangements abandoning box open benches middle nineteenth century churches like edinburgh began installing organs stained glass windows reflecting attempt return forms worship largely excluded late seventeenth century church rebuilt opened plan middle ages separate chancel communion table far end pulpit chancel arch influence movement seen churches built opened chancel raised level nave stone pulpit brass edinburgh rebuilt marble communion table chancel decorated marble mosaic sub set medieval revival neo churches called norman time built style incorporated byzantine features low massive framework utilised major denominations examples include buildings chapel edinburgh later nineteenth century examples included church glasgow designed gothic style developed fully later nineteenth century important figures included adapted gothic style needs edinburgh trained office leading gothic architect london returning edinburgh worked small churches including christ edinburgh supervised renovation alexander greek working mainly glasgow began gothic style soon turned ancient greeks inspiration seen temple columns scotland influential architect late nineteenth century early twentieth century designed number churches queen glasgow built avoided characteristic glasgow churches favour wide tower simple elegant rectangular structure single aisle twentieth century half twentieth century continued isolated examples gothic church building including edinburgh glasgow common forms period plain massive buildings protestant examples included roman catholic examples included completed removed need new presbyterian church building replaced tendency nineteenth century churches replacing dark white neutral colour schemes main tendency church design 1930s isolated large classical protestant commissions edinburgh major buildings form catholic_church movement centred plans movement reached peak 1960s leading figure pursuing style jack deaths partners sole heir glasgow based practice later 1920s pursued brick style catholic architecture pioneered edinburgh combined classical tendencies church utilised engineering techniques architecture resulting broad space narrow arcades monumental facade red brick linear plan subsequent designs including early christian byzantine character striking enhanced carvings use selective details probably later decade took partnership kennedy temporary open catholic chapel empire exhibition fronted like grid peter walls towers showed influence abstract compositions contemporary swedish architecture pointed future influence second world war period rapid church building creation new towns council house estates necessitated rapid supply new churches shortage materials need rapid building discouraged development innovative design accompanied rejection architects traditional forms favour international characterised simple outlines internal spaces absence colour flat roofs catholic_church traditional membership affected changes housing react situation creating new parishes west country baptist churches followed close particularly new towns congregation clergy expressed domestic 1950s duel use hall churches completed steel framed building clad timber brick flat roof buildings erected basic pattern influence radical seen buildings edinburgh series irregular smooth faced influenced architecture pioneering contribution seating congregation sides central platform choir elders fourth pulpit roman_catholic_church important steps design taken began new town wedge shaped construction white painted common brick focused dramatic metal cross sculptor churches designed late modernist style rectangular plan mid-1960s adopted non rectangular plan seating ranged round altar reflecting change rectangular load bearing brick dramatically lit dark coloured windows lady good counsel plan ceiling like roof curved innovative designs inspired experiment including lady south designs proved radical later demolished catholic_church citing structural maintenance problems end phase church building production new housing subsided 1970s saw return church design reflected loss confidence churches rapidly declined identified post style emerging period limited building replacing existing churches tended building companies timber beams exposed roofs produce aesthetically constructions late 1980s original designs including catholic church replacement church french design nearby parish church converted farmhouse | Church architecture in Scotland | Art and architecture | Architecture | Architecture – Religious |
23107_TheAbbot'sFishHouse,Meare | abbot abbot somerset england built 14th century designated grade listed building scheduled ancient monument surviving monastic fishery building england fishing important source food monks fishing carried artificial ponds mentioned book river pool present rectangular stone building constructed abbot storage processing fish residence chief fisherman building fell disrepair seriously damaged fire 1880s restoration undertaken 20th century including replacement roof 1920s history fish ponds surrounding recorded book tended fishermen connected drains metres long metres wide connected pool river point caught year pike white fish caught pool formed water raised shown filled metres mud especially climatic period 1st millennium early drainage work carried later years 12th century responsibility maintaining sea placed named individuals precise boundaries varied according season longer term efforts drain area south end bordered high ground village built pond extended west current road shelf rock formed natural boundary north lies ridge eastern extent harder determine gone far site lake village importance industry illustrated series disputes dean chapter abbey required fish fast days lent drainage surrounding area monks reduced size lake acres time pool disappeared maps current fish house built abbot built village summer residence replaced previous abbey building upper floor chief fisherman visited intermittently ground floor storing nets preparing fish alterations probably 15th century pool drained fish house fell disrepair suffered fire 1880s destroyed roof interior repairs walls roof replaced work undertaken 1920s conservation carried 1960s piece timber building subject testing attempt provide specific date buildings construction results proved inconclusive building inspected taken state fish house care english_heritage architecture rectangular stone building stone roof metres long metres wide ground floor rooms larger fireplace door southern wall larger room hall linked arched smaller rooms rooms floor damaged fire small entrance door accessed exterior stone steps longer exist turret longer exists small arched windows | The Abbot's Fish House, Meare | Art and architecture | Architecture | Architecture – Religious |
23501_StEleth'sChurch,Amlwch | church church parish church built neo classical style town island north wales stands site earlier buildings church said established 6th century increasing prosperity town copper mining 18th century led construction new church serve growing population church services church wales churches parish grade listed building designation given particularly important buildings special interest substantially neo classical church retaining original architectural character history location church area established 6th century ruler northern britain fled north wales ousted power settling monastery grew increasingly prosperous 18th century copper mining began nearby result church small planning replacement church began copper king offered approximately present day terms provided majority money required new church 1st earl reverend owner mines donations work eventually got underway church designed architect built consecrated different figures cost construction given 19th century writers said cost approximately present day terms stated approximately present day terms new church constructed site earlier buildings set road east town centre internal alterations architect diocese added windows chancel arch arcades inserted galleries removed restoration took place architect gallery west end meeting rooms added church services parish churches surrounding area priest charge parish diocese architecture fittings predominant style church neo classical gothic elements built local stone courses rubble roof slate tower centre west end houses clock bell chamber large arched windows corner bells dated dated arched doorway set tower circular window window added 19th century inside division nave narrow chancel carried 19th century addition chancel arch creation chapel east end arcades added nave form inside roof east window contains 19th century stained glass memorial stones previous church site organ 19th century housed gallery west end added restoration font dates outside church large west churchyard dates early 19th century inside churchyard moved possibly ease maintenance assessment church grade listed building second highest grades listing designating particularly important buildings special interest given status october listed substantially neo classical church retaining original architectural character welsh assembly government body responsible built heritage wales notes victorian restoration left original fabric detail intact traces changing attitudes church layout style character original states church historically important links copper mining given listed building status lowest level grade buildings national importance special interest good early example 19th century characteristic local type forms group adjacent church 19th century welsh antiquarian described church handsome structure writer guides 19th century described church similar words handsome structure particularly noted square tower crowned guide buildings north wales describes 19th century alterations kennedy says interior possesses considerable grace columns arcades touched breath guide churches describes good example restored church high sided building impressive tower comments shape typical churches island | St Eleth's Church, Amlwch | Art and architecture | Architecture | Architecture – Religious |
23769_BadrinathTemple | temple temple hindu temple dedicated situated town india temple town form pilgrimage sites temple dedicated holy open months year end april beginning november extreme weather conditions region temple located hill tracks district banks elevation mean sea level visited pilgrimage centres india having recorded visits image presiding deity temple tall black stone statue form statue considered self manifested statues commemorates descent river mother earth prominent festival celebrated located head priest traditionally chosen south indian state temple included state government act act later came known committee nominated state government temples seventeen members board temple mentioned ancient religious texts like early medieval tamil canon saints 6th 9th centuries location architecture temple located hill tracks banks district state hill tracks located mean sea level mountain located opposite temple located peak temple structures worship hall convention hall conical shaped roof approximately tall small covered gold roof facade built stone arched windows broad leads main entrance tall arched gateway inside large hall leads main shrine area walls pillars hall covered intricate carvings main shrine houses black stone image housed gold canopy image holds wheel arms lifted posture arms rested lap posture houses images god wealth sage images temple include consort manifestation different forms temple saints idols temple black stone group hot springs temple considered medicinal pilgrims consider requirement springs visiting temple springs year round temperature outside temperature typically year round water ponds temple called history historical record temple mention presiding deity scriptures indicating presence temple period accounts temple buddhist shrine till 8th century converted hindu temple architecture temple resembling buddhist temple brightly painted facade buddhist temples leads argument accounts originally established pilgrimage site ninth century believed resided place years resided months rest year hindu followers assert discovered image cave near hot springs traditional story asserts expelled region help ruler king hereditary successors king governed temple endowed villages meet expenses income set villages route temple feed accommodate pilgrims rulers held title meaning speaking titles including throne named presiding deity king enjoyed ritual proceeding shrine practice continued late 19th century 16th century moved present temple state divided temple came british rule king continued chairman management committee temple undergone major renovations age damage 17th century temple expanded significant damage great earthquake largely rebuilt renovation late 1870s completed time world war time town small consisting odd housing temple staff number pilgrims usually seven thousand festival held years raised number visitors temple enjoyed revenue owed villages bequeathed state government announced area construction zone curb illegal legend according hindu legend god sat meditation place keeping away place corrupted meat eating monks people meditation unaware cold weather consort protected form tree indian date pleased devotion named place according place forest found today form depicted temple sitting posture according legend sage saw consort feet went perform long time narrates version origins according tradition sons modern names mountains chose place spread religion valleys searching ideal place set came finally found hot cold spring named literary mention temple finds mention ancient books like according personality incarnation undergoing great time welfare living entities states sacred heaven earth hell shrine like area celebrated spiritual treasures revered holy place salvation arriving close holy places perform religious ceremonies temple revered hymns 7th 9th century canon hymns dedicated pilgrimage schools thought visit temple major monastic institutions like math branches guest houses temple related called dedicated worship temples temple located located located located temple considered divine sites comprising temple origins clearly known school established attributes origin monasteries located corners india attendant temples temple north temple east temple west south temples divided pilgrimage hindu affair called meaning small lie foothills added mid 20th century differentiate original number pilgrims places increased modern times called journey cardinal points india considered sacred visit temples traditionally pilgrimage starts eastern end proceeding clockwise manner typically followed hindu temples festivals religious practices prominent festival held temple commemorates descent river mother earth mother believed divided river channels welfare beings festival place river flowed holy land festival celebrated month june temple temple festival lasts days artists country perform function major religious activities performed morning evening include scripts like practiced rituals decorations removed image paste applied paste image given day rituals performed unlike hindu temples practices hidden sugar balls dry leaves common provided offering prepared locally packed local bamboo started temple closed winter day october november day closure lamp lit filled months special performed day chief priest presence pilgrims officials temple image transferred period temple located away temple temple reopened april day hindu calendar pilgrims gather day opening temple winter witness temple holy places offer ancestors help priests visit temple worship image hold dip general belief dip tank soul administration visit temple included state government act act later known committee nominated state government temples act modified appoint additional committee members including government officials vice chairman seventeen members board selected member members nominated state government temple records priests temple called belonged community religious group common modern died heir king invited non practice continues modern times till offerings temple went chief priest jurisdiction restricted religious affairs administrative structure temple consists chief executive officer orders state government deputy chief executive officer executive officer account officer temple officer publicity officer assist chief executive officer located head priest traditionally chosen south indian state tradition believed initiated south indian philosopher chief priest requested government formation state candidate possess degree sanskrit bachelor reciting sacred texts sect ruler head candidate sent government held april november temple remains open accorded high status state governments held high esteem april november performs duties temple priest stays returns native village duties starts day cross river adhere assisted belonging village group priests cook singer clerk water keeper temple guards temples follow ancient tradition common south temple administration introduced token system visitors temple indicating time visit provided stalls taxi stands visit presiding deity allocated seconds proof identity mandatory enter temple temple reached located away visitors follow route route | Badrinath Temple | Art and architecture | Architecture | Architecture – Religious |
23812_ArchitectureofthemedievalcathedralsofEngland | architecture medieval england medieval england date approximately group buildings constitute major aspect country artistic heritage significant material symbols christianity style united common function buildings serves central church administrative region diocese houses throne bishop greek cathedral serves regional centre focus regional pride affection sixteen buildings time reformation served secular monastic abbey churches secular new henry_viii following dissolution monasteries comprise monastic new foundation monastic churches survived ordinary parish churches years 19th 20th centuries medieval collegiate churches retained foundations choral worship characteristics building distinctly english marked architectural diversity individual building case medieval example large form relatively group architectural development easily traced building building points interest english way history medieval architecture demonstrated single building typically important parts constructed different centuries attempt later work match follow earlier plan reason comprehensive architectural chronology jump backwards forwards building building stylistic unity demonstrated background historical christianity carried england romans spread britain 5th century waned departure romans invasion pope gregory sent missionary rome canterbury church established run initially secular monks late saxon period present cathedral church canterbury seat archbishop_of_canterbury begun alfred great consolidated england politically unified entity earlier date european countries effects units government church state comparatively large england divided canterbury york medieval period bishops far fewer numbers france italy present england 6th century greatly extended norman invasion number remote areas destined architecture normandy replaced buildings generally larger general arrangement monastic buildings following great abbey style english form known norman architecture developed local characteristics norman conquest english richly endowed major centres norman power able acquire lands held english landowners furthermore development compulsory tax agricultural production resulted greatly increased incumbent clergy gathered donations pilgrims practice major building campaigns largely entirely funded accumulated wealth bishop chapter clergy availability finance largely determined speed construction major projects money readily available cathedral works proceed great speed winchester norman period entire cathedral unprecedented size built scratch years important aspect practice medieval christianity saints associated places particular saint relics interred tradition honoured possession relics popular saint source funds individual church faithful donations hope receive spiritual aid blessing healing presence physical remains holy person churches benefit particular abbey contained relics england christian martyr shrine founder durham built house body saints shrine magnificent shrine founder remains saints brought pilgrims churches renowned late archbishop_of_canterbury assassinated king henry_ii place pilgrimage canterbury 13th century second gothic architecture introduced france canterbury years developed england parallel influenced continental forms generally great local diversity originality 16th century reformation brought changes governance discussed existent buildings time buildings structurally damaged left incomplete dissolution monasteries large abbey churches particularly outside towns robbed burnt abandoned late 16th early 17th centuries saw repairs fabric new building stained glass new fittings period commonwealth wholesale wrought elements christian buildings england medieval stained glass smashed majority england medieval statues smashed leaving isolated examples intact medieval paintings disappeared famous style known burnt medieval communion vessels escaped dissolution melted items church plate remain restoration monarchy brought restoration churches sir new fittings new church plate elaborate memorials loss ancient paul cathedral great fire london meant entirely new cathedral present built site design baroque style sir general time reformation onwards apart necessary repairs buildings remain use internal successive generations wished commemorated little building work restoration situation lasted years fabric major suffering neglect severity problem demonstrated spectacular collapse suddenly date medieval architecture fashion growing awareness value england medieval heritage begun late 18th century leading work number architect consciousness accelerated 1840s academic groups pronounced suitable style design church gothic critic ardent advocate things medieval ideas architect designed mainly growing roman_catholic_church set recreate structural appearance medieval churches richly decorated colourful interiors entirely lost existing painted screen floors winchester canterbury intricate painted wooden ceiling victorian era saw restoration england remaining major abbey churches buildings left incomplete completed time greater existent church furniture fittings stained glass dates period architects included scope described article bristol canterbury exeter gloucester lincoln oxford rochester salisbury wells winchester worcester york reference ancient cathedral london generally known medieval buildings england roman catholic origin reformation buildings serve church_of_england result change official religion country occurred reign henry_viii fall distinct groups depending earlier structure firstly medieval period governed body secular clergy chapter presided dean exeter lincoln london salisbury wells york built specifically serve cathedral churches secondly group monastic bishop titular abbot canterbury durham rochester winchester worcester monasteries case churches built start purely monastic churches seat bishop course construction henry_viii previously monastic governed secular like group group churches established new reformation include great medieval abbey churches established new henry_viii bristol oxford large churches later monastic foundation manchester collegiate churches consequently combine functions cathedral parish church monastery cathedral dissolution monasteries years churches associated tradition baptist church chester old paul cathedral london destroyed collegiate church chester raised cathedral status cathedral removed current building probably begun time removal paul cathedral secular chapter destroyed great fire london replaced present cathedral baroque style designed cathedral diocese bath wells large church fit cathedral tradition common king college chapel cambridge george chapel windsor abbey church cathedral diocese destroyed dissolution large parish church michael bombed world war leaving intact regarded finest england new designed sir consecrated shell ancient church places christian rituals particular bishop especially performed structured furnished purposes cathedral contains seat local bishop literally large throne bishop throne located eastern end cathedral near high altar main focus worship altar served symbolic meal bread wine memory jesus supper disciples early medieval period altar contained associated relics saint relics held separate shrine near high altar church located tombs bishops typically arranged major shrine congregation symbolically comprised body clergy diocese living dead communion patron saint seats provided significant clergy cathedral dean foremost priest cathedral priests secular clergy previously members religious order day end normally number small private devotion small groups england strong tradition chapel face east reason english longer countries second salisbury arrangement permits greater number eastward facing main interior east reserved prayers clergy english maintain traditional form church service set day responses anthem sung choir traditionally composed thirty men boys girls choir lay choir tradition building contains stalls usually east central tower extending called choir choir divided nave cathedral wide medieval screen constructed stone instances carrying large pipe organ screen traditionally separated nave clergy expected worship parish churches cathedral nave cathedral medieval times primarily western end contains font ritual washing service baptism person infant symbolically accepted church font usually stone usually oldest fitting cathedral norman reformation nave building usually open congregation general public usually nave raised pulpit dean clergy scriptures late 20th century customary hourly prayer said benefit visitors presented nave pulpit large cathedral particularly building divided screen canterbury altar set eastern end nave services held large congregations place services held rests bible general characteristics english note dimensions given cited periods style names based plan section like majority medieval england shape single including salisbury lincoln wells canterbury distinctly english characteristic unlike french project strongly cathedral monastic secular foundation clearly defined subsidiary buildings particular chapter house exceptions eastern arms single lower central space bristol height medieval choir like german nave like french number large eastern lincoln salisbury winchester wells york length nave eastern arm great length comparison medieval countries seven english canterbury durham lincoln winchester york exceeding metres feet metres milan florence salisbury worcester gloucester wells exeter metres long feet metres comparison largest notre dame paris metres length cologne germany longest spain including largest floor area medieval church metres english rochester metres feet metres reasons medieval nave remaining bays bristol built victorian era leaving oxford bays respectively smallest england ancient metres feet metres feet height contrast tendency extreme length english low compared found countries highest medieval stone vault england westminster abbey feet york height despite appearance actually stone wood majority english ranging height metres feet contrast cologne internal heights metres towers important feature english uncommon normandy large elaborate square central tower crossing larger towers range metres wells metres lincoln central tower exist single feature salisbury gloucester worcester combination paired towers west york lincoln canterbury durham wells towers central tower usually tallest western towers capped lead tall gothic central remain salisbury having rebuilt 19th century collapse salisbury feet tallest britain tallest 14th century tallest masonry germany france tallest world remains medieval period entirely rebuilt greatly surpassed height lincoln lincoln early 14th century central tower tallest world metres fell storm uniquely england medieval masonry single western towers common english parish churches medieval cathedral retains centrally placed western tower case framed lower lateral towers fallen england central feature crossing somewhat resembles vaulted towers spain elaborate like structure known spans nave said inspired design dome paul cathedral upper parts supported hidden wooden hammer beams architectural device unique english considerable diversity consistent progression case influenced french gothic style cases regardless architectural form english façade treated decorative screen occupied statues great number toppled 17th century gallery kings remains high façade lincoln original weather worn figures remain exeter english cathedral fall basic types variations typical large paired towers western end canterbury durham wells york towers single large window york canterbury arrangement wells rose windows typical french usually doors unlike french rarely highly elaborate far emphasis placed central door entrance common use located porch nave large towers west generally turrets frame façade central nave nature large buttresses arrangement seen salisbury winchester rochester lincoln vast gothic screen similar like built cathedral incorporating norman hiding norman towers towers greatly heightened visible screen gothic screen added norman nave architectural precedent successor screen composed enormous open arches outer ones wider frames central door overwhelming composition somewhat later porch fact towers different height pop screen despite regarded supreme gothic revealing enormous diversity imagination english medieval architects eastern end eastern ends english greater diversity country built norman era high ends surrounded lower typical arrangement exists variation early english gothic east end canterbury case modified typical arrangement english gothic east end square cliff like design york lincoln projecting great diversity salisbury exeter ends canterbury projecting gothic addition norman east end canterbury known designed early english plan specifically crown skull time assassination east ends number durham gloucester modified ways fit particular model external appearance english surrounded green lawn plan usually clearly visible ground level case european closely surrounded town monastic buildings general impression english cathedral site projecting limbs horizontal projections visibly balanced strong massive towers number particularly like winchester towers particularly high impression tremendous length described resembling aircraft carriers impressive location highly significant landmarks landscape elements seen miles landscape open fields england visible sea grey rises surrounding city focus landscape painters small hill dominates rural countryside appearance times flood causes known ship known ladies exquisite tower worcester seen best lincoln vast façade towers tallest metres rises steep hill town constitutes iconic views england famous landscape painter north england durham makes spectacular view sits dramatically steep rocky peninsula half church god half castle scots internal appearance horizontal emphasis architecture english diverse inventive internal appearances differ great deal general english cathedral interiors tend impression length buildings actually long medieval architecture country horizontal direction given visual emphasis vertical particularly case wells unlike gothic buildings vertical shafts continue arcade vault strong emphasis gallery seemingly endless row narrow arches salisbury similar lack course capitals stone create strong visual cases winchester exeter horizontal effect created emphasis ridge rib elaborate complex complexity vault significant feature english range simple vault french manner increasingly elaborate forms including multi vault exeter similar vault inter connecting ribs elaborate variation winchester array unique bristol net like stellar gloucester york fan retro choir choir oxford elaborate long stone bosses suspended ceiling like elaborate forms unique england stellar occurring spain germany architectural styles saxon cases norman church entirely replaced saxon cathedral uniquely retains early saxon similar survives cathedral winchester excavated foundations 10th century cathedral built largest church northern europe marked grass cathedral close worcester new cathedral built norman style contains stonework columns saxon predecessor churches abbey church preserves masonry saxon cathedral west crossing nave crossing present late medieval abbey retains proportions previous saxon structure norman comprehensive reconstruction saxon cathedral churches england represented single largest ecclesiastical building programme medieval europe built biggest structures erected end medieval england exception salisbury wells evidence norman architecture durham remain greater norman buildings substantial parts building norman style gloucester winchester norman architecture distinguished round headed arches bold tiers arcades piers originally supported flat wooden roofs survive columns massive nave gloucester alternated piers durham cut geometric designs major decorative form particularly externally little sculpture survived notably west doors lincoln capitals canterbury west door rochester major parts century style known early english gothic defined simple like openings major example style seen eastern arms canterbury york period spectacular façade grand façade style windows subdivided dependent geometric important parts geometric style mid 13th early 14th centuries including lincoln choir chapter houses salisbury late 13th century style evolved include greater number narrow shapes adapted easily gothic openings combination circular shapes seen windows chapter house york west window exeter development included repetition flame like forms occur great number windows notably retro choir wells nave exeter cathedral type seen combination ribs extreme projection rich seen chapter house wells vault exeter stretches central tower metres longest medieval vault world stage expressed varied highly complex forms largest famous windows england date style include south rose window known bishop eye lincoln heart yorkshire window west end york famous light east window smaller architectural works include lady chapel widest vault england screen lincoln richly decorated rochester characteristic period gothic elaborate main ribs connected intermediate ribs spring wall major structural members bristol famous examples style seen york perpendicular gothic architects europe embracing flamboyant style english architecture moved away flowing decorated entirely different sober direction reconstruction highly form choir norman abbey cathedral gloucester perpendicular style relies network intersecting diversity richly carved forms effect gives overall impression great unity structure vast windows east end integrated arcades vault style proved continued variations canterbury winchester choir york 15th century england finest towers built extended perpendicular style including durham canterbury design church interiors went final stage lasted 16th century development fan gloucester early 15th century elaborate form stone roof norman choir oxford great chapel westminster abbey time italy embraced renaissance architectural diversity plan reproduced architectural histories purpose comparing english gothic architecture france italy countries features paper typical plan example closely resembles salisbury large central tower large porch north nave south opens chapter house internally strong visual similarities simple windows east end contrasting marble shafts histories buildings different took years complete foundations massive worcester took years norman chapel memory prince arthur history worcester representative history england medieval salisbury building earlier cathedral located hill near ancient fort early 13th century decided location cathedral plain new building designed gothic style known early english gothic nicholas begun starting eastern end rising westward complete façade central tower façade huge chapter house constructed completed later work employing geometric decorated openings windows arcades years major undertaking tower commenced architect details intricate elaborate earlier work entire cathedral complete subsequent inclusion note reinforcement arches tower piers developed bend building program spanning years year gap middle shortest diverse makes salisbury far building unlike salisbury important parts building dating century 11th 16th earliest building worcester multi norman capitals remaining original monastic church begun norman period circular chapter house octagonal outside walls reinforced 14th century nave built rebuilt different styles different architects period years bays unique decorative transition norman gothic dates east end rebuilt norman coinciding similar early english style greater salisbury finished nave built vault west north porch eastern range strengthened norman chapter house added buttresses changed vault masterpiece central tower originally supporting timber lead covered gone unknown architect added north south ranges eventually closed western range important addition prince arthur chapel right south choir aisle famous features note dates given begun completed fame lies unique 14th century choir choir different designs according point view spatial imagination superior england founded cathedral earliest parts completed north west tower canterbury biggest england seat archbishop_of_canterbury famous norman capitals east end william 13th century stained glass beautiful perpendicular nave fan vault tower tomb black prince site murder founded completed early 15th century england smallest demolition nave significant feature light flowing decorated east window containing medieval glass upper sections forming glorious termination choir regarded having finest england built includes set medieval choir stalls dating exquisite carving unusual feature large south early english composition retains substantial monastic buildings including large built early 15th century unusual features transitional retro choir pair early norman relief carvings 15th century rebuilt collapse seen english channel built exception upper parts towers eastern extension known chapel large west window entirely norman regarded masterpiece architecture interior overwhelmingly impressive western known unique norman building different style cathedral view cathedral south west particularly famous setting steep wrote stands today vast impressive massive strength present building dating significant norman nave choir important features unique western tower central describes wonders english cathedral architecture unique large free standing wide vault carved stone arcades exeter cathedral dating major example cathedral built mainly later decorated gothic style 14th century impressive vault longest medieval vault world runs norman towers placed uniquely exeter details including figures west dating norman nave massive masonry piers fine 15th century perpendicular tower main feature eastern end reconstructed 14th century early example largest medieval window world area tennis court earliest example fan built 19th century west norman nave large central tower important features unusual style north north porch 13th century greatly extended 16th early english considered beautiful thirteenth century dating interior presents appearance having undergone extensive restoration 19th century nave fine lady chapel tall windows giving french impression retained dating largest england claimed worth described human works retains portions massive arches norman west heavily restored sculpture central portal central tower tallest england visible miles rises spectacular fashion high hill huge flying buttresses chapter house england interior finest considered century angel choir gorgeous layers enriched carved angels rose windows dean eye north dating retaining original glass flowing decorated bishop eye south filled salvaged medieval fragments began parish church founded religious college structure designed different style earlier great churches listed anglican parish church double widest nave english cathedral feet richest set late medieval choir stalls country built norman form retaining greater original stone structure vaulted spectacular manner hundreds carved painted bosses finest norman tower england 15th century large bosses dating early 16th century small cathedral smaller destruction nave 16th century stone oldest england contributes tradition city dreaming unusual feature century vault norman chancel built remarkable altered norman famous early english west later porch perpendicular rebuilding eastern different styles wrote west magnificent entrance sacred building imagined long wooden roof nave original retained painting cathedral dating 7th century preserves original church built west composition early english gothic choir retained richly carved 14th century stalls famous lively figures carvings dating norman nave early english choir remarkable feature rare carved norman portal unfortunately suffered damage cathedral built cathedral unique including large norman tower built bricks salvaged roman town internally externally tower significant feature retains medieval wall paintings painted wooden roof late 13th century built additional structural reinforcement century ideal stylistic unity makes far typical fame lies proportions particularly exterior horizontal parts contrast vertical famous architectural compositions medieval period canon wrote peaceful english countryside eternal truths christian faith expressed stone built nave demolished rebuilt late 19th century fine early english tower choir retains elaborate 16th century fitted statues replacing destroyed 17th century built norman façade intact large window perpendicular style light norman nave particular fame century chapter house contains famous medieval floral carvings england described life built described poetic structure early english style greatly enriched deeply nature carved capitals style known stiff leaf eastern end retained original glass rare england exterior finest early english façade large central tower built unusual architectural history exterior apart modified windows gives impression massive norman building longest medieval church world west perpendicular huge window filled fragments medieval glass inside retained norman appearance spectacular perpendicular nave tall arcade arches strong vertical emphasis literally carved original norman interior wrote visitor enters west door winchester famous carved wooden fittings different periods worcester cathedral built represents medieval style norman perpendicular famous norman circular chapter house model derives series uniquely british chapter houses notable series unusual transitional gothic bays fine central tower large particularly fine proportions york built biggest gothic churches world simple plan square eastern western ends single dividing building equal parts architectural building remains norman indicate older building massive ornamental architecture durham early english famous south having complex arrangements rose window making entrance façade north windows called feet wide feet tall interior york west paired towers arrangement late decorated period large central window fine flowing decorated called heart yorkshire large eastern window perpendicular style rare feature important windows retained medieval glass respectively architects uncovered names english medieval architects tracing stylistic characteristics proved possible track careers building leading architects highly paid especially employed king works identified regular payments cathedral accounts architectural drawings survive english cathedral earlier engineer design proposed new water supply canterbury cathedral exists 12th century plan architectural details window designs executed scale drawings size large flat tracing floor examples survive york construction seasonal work site undertaken spring summer light good weather reliable autumn exposed surfaces covered frost damage architects worked winter tracing house york fireplace prepare designs season campaign translated designs sets oak cross given stone construction major churches invariably started eastern arm proceeded westwards towers erected abbey william canterbury choir william englishman canterbury choir salisbury michael canterbury canterbury nave architect old chapter house richard salisbury tower worcester nave tower west canterbury nave winchester nave canterbury tower wells architect oxford canterbury tower manchester | Architecture of the medieval cathedrals of England | Art and architecture | Architecture | Architecture – Religious |
23846_FoguangTemple | temple temple chinese buddhist temple located kilometres major hall temple great east hall built dynasty according architectural records earliest preserved timber structure china rediscovered 20th century architectural historian older hall discovered team year later temple contains significant hall dating called hall addition second oldest existing china dating 6th century located temple grounds today temple site undergoing restoration history temple established fifth century dynasty years temple underwent active building period level tall pavilion built emperor banned buddhism china persecution temple burned ground surviving temple early history years later temple rebuilt great east hall built site storey pavilion woman named provided funds needed construct hall construction led monk named 10th century depiction painted cave likely painters seen temple main hall painting white building green roof different red white great east hall painting indicates important stop buddhist pilgrims dynasty constructed temple north hall dedicated burnt dynasty began search china ancient buildings seventh year society search architectural team led discovered dynasty able date building wife found inscription date accuracy confirmed study building matched known information buildings layout unlike chinese temples oriented south north position temple oriented east west position mountains located east north south having mountains building believed improve temple consists main halls northern hall called hall constructed dynasty largest hall great east hall constructed dynasty large hall known existed south monastery longer extant great east hall dating dynasty great east hall oldest dated wooden building china main hall temple dated main hall dragons temple dated hall located far east temple atop large stone platform single storey structure measuring seven bays metres supported inner outer sets columns column complicated set containing seven different types high column supporting roof hall sets connected crescent shaped create inner ring inner set columns outer ring outer columns hall ceiling roof frame view roof extremely complex sets testament great east hall importance structure dynasty according 11th century architectural treatise great east hall closely corresponds seventh rank building system ranks high rank great east hall indicates dynasty important building buildings period high rank survive inside hall thirty sculptures murals wall date dynasty later periods unfortunately statues lost artistic value 1930s centre hall platform large statues sitting lotus shaped seats statues flanked assistants platform statues riding lion elephant heavenly kings stand statue representing hall monk helped build hall present hall large mural hall shows events took place chronicles past life smaller murals temple gathering donors help support temple hall north temple courtyard hall constructed dynasty roughly size measuring seven bays located high platform doors central door features single hip roof interior hall support pillars order support large roof diagonal beams walls murals painted dynasty small located south great east hall unclear exact date construction built possibly contains tomb founder white shaped metres tall storey chamber second storey purely decorative decorated lotus supports precious bottle shape flower pillars temple grounds contain dynasty pillars oldest meters tall built record construction present beginning partnership working conserve cultural heritage hall restoration work 17th century suffers water damage rotting beams despite temple undergoing restoration open public june temple inscribed mount world heritage site | Foguang Temple | Art and architecture | Architecture | Architecture – Religious |
24201_OldStPaul'sCathedral | old cathedral old paul cathedral medieval cathedral stood site present built dedicated cathedral fourth church site hill work cathedral began reign fire destroyed city work took years construction delayed fire church consecrated enlarged early 14th century completion middle 14th century cathedral longest churches world tallest finest stained glass presence shrine cathedral pilgrimage site medieval period addition serving seat diocese london building developed reputation hub nave aisle paul walk known centre business london reformation open air pulpit churchyard stage radical evangelical preaching protestant cathedral severe structural decline 17th century restoration work halted english civil war sir attempting restoration cathedral destroyed great fire london demolition old structure present cathedral erected site design construction cathedral fourth church site hill dedicated devastating fire detailed destroyed city cathedral king william donated stone destroyed tower river fleet construction new cathedral said act death bishop oversaw early preparations primarily successor construction work fully commenced assisted king henry gave bishop stone commanded material brought cathedral free toll fund cathedral henry gave rights fish caught cathedral neighbourhood taken gave site original foundation henry death civil war known anarchy broke bishop winchester appointed administer affairs immediately deal aftermath fire london bridge spread city damaging cathedral delaying construction period style building changed heavy early english gothic base norman columns left pointed arches placed heavy columns substituted pillars erected cathedral new work succession storms bishop appealed funds repair damaged roof roof rebuilt wood ultimately doom building time east end cathedral church lengthened parish church brought cathedral eastward addition referred new work complaints east end west allotted parish church congregation allowed detached tower bells east church historically summons parish later moved jesus chapel reign merged street fire new work completed additions consecrated excavations showed feet long excluding porch later added feet wide feet crossing way comparison current cathedral feet length including feet longest remaining medieval church feet long feet cathedral europe tallest church height traditionally given feet surpassing judged gave feet noted cathedral probably resembled general outline salisbury feet longer eighty feet higher tower open internally far base probably beautiful inside english cathedral according architectural historian octagonal chapter house built earliest example confirmed notes chapter house chapel westminster abbey early perpendicular work years foundations chapter house recently visible redeveloped south churchyard new cathedral interior finished cathedral middle ages renowned beauty interior wrote rival england europe nave immense length particularly notable norman vaulted ceiling length earned nickname paul walk cathedral stained glass reputed best country east end rose window particularly exquisite poet uses windows metaphor miller tale knowledge understand comparison rode red grey windows shoes red went cathedral construction destruction reformation shrine popular site pilgrimage reports attributed shrine increased shrine attracting thousands pilgrims cathedral middle english poem attributed pearl poet begins description construction cathedral referring building new shrine adorned gold silver precious stones london employed year rebuild shrine higher standard records shrine shape altar table placed offerings monarchs dignitaries attendance cathedral court occasionally held session building scene incidents intrigue whilst king richard palestine brother john summoned council bishops bishop richard entrusted affairs government treason later year gave fiery speech oppression poor paul cross riot saw cathedral invaded halted appeal calm archbishop_of_canterbury nearby later executed silent years arthur prince wales son married november descriptions decorations cathedral city occasion arthur died months later age marriage later prove contentious subsequent reign brother henry_viii kings middle ages lay state westminster abbey including case display body public place counter rumours deceased walls lined tombs bishops nobility addition shrine anglo saxon kings buried inside king east number figures john 1st duke lancaster 3rd baron particularly large monuments constructed cathedral building later contained tombs crown minister poet soldier sir poet clergyman dean cathedral death monument survived fire display present building paul walk historical reference nave paul walk marketplace general meeting area recorded tenure bishop issued open letter use building selling public market devil stones arrows bring birds walls building play ball breaking beautiful costly painted windows spectators decree goes threaten perpetrators 15th century cathedral centre london news called gathered pass latest news gossip visited cathedral news known paul according fashion times principal gentry lords men merely mechanic meet paul church walk middle aisle till dinner times business news regard universal happened little arrive news called weigh public actions state society place hear latest news current affairs war religion parliament court play money described paul walk kind open house filled great store company infested thieves paul walk place pick gossip jokes prostitutes series satirical portraits contemporary england described paul walk land lesser isle great_britain world map motion turning stones men vast confusion languages noise like bees strange buzz mixed walking feet kind loud great exchange discourse business whatsoever stirring foot general mint famous lies like legends coined stamped church decline 16th century 16th century building deteriorating henry_viii led destruction interior ornamentation buildings churchyard religious sites having seized crown sold shops rental properties especially evangelical buildings razed supplied ready dressed building material construction projects lord protector city palace crowds drawn northeast corner churchyard open air preaching took place radical protestant mob destroy cathedral interior decorations attempt end inappropriate practices taking place nave lord mayor decreed church return original purpose religious building issuing writ stating selling horses beer gross great displeasure god great grief offence good disposed persons fire june caught fire crashed nave roof according published days fire cause lightning strike writer revived historical description writing confessed death bed left pan fuel tower went dinner number contemporary storm subsequent investigation appears cause subsequent hot melt cathedral bells lead covering wooden poured like lava roof destroying event taken catholics sign god displeasure faction actions queen elizabeth contributed cost repairs gave rebuilt repair work nave roof sub standard years rebuilding dangerous condition restoration work concerned decaying state building king james appointed england classical architect restore building poet records king comparing building commencement work sweeping cleaning years like sweeping chimney addition cleaning rebuilding parts gothic structure jones added classical style cathedral west notes altogether old building doubt fortunate confined work poor additions magnificent way west end work stopped english civil war building forces old documents charters dispersed destroyed nave stable cavalry horses detailed information historians cathedral taken history cathedral written hastily fear eminent structures christian world destroyed persistent time suggested considered giving building london returning jewish community embarked project discovering decaying 14th 15th century documents cathedral early archives book wrote great experience seen felt specially church presbyterian began violently view monuments especially churches end paper shadows inscriptions preserved things unto book source surviving building created bohemian july original sketch rediscovered submitted auction house great fire restoration king charles_ii sir surveyor appointed restore cathedral style matching classical additions instead recommended building completely demolished according biographer expressed surprise want accuracy original builders structure son described new design gothic better manner architecture clergy citizens city opposed response proposed restore body gothic building replace existing tower dome wrote surveyor design repairing old structure concluded tower adjacent parts architect think expense laid new dressing uncle bishop admired central proposed dome design constructed existing gothic tower old structure removed reasoned prevent need extensive upset familiar landmark able hopeful successor rise matter discussion restoration work finally began soon wooden building completely great fire london fire aided destroyed roof stonework masses stocks personal belongings placed safety recalls building flames diary clock blessed god find water paul wharf walked saw town burned miserable sight paul church roof fallen body choir fallen paul school fleet street account similar picture destruction september 3rd went saw south city burning thames taking hold contributed september 7th went morning white hall far london bridge late infinitely concern find sad beautiful rent pieces vast stone split remaining inscription built letter astonishing immense stones manner ornaments columns capitals portland stone flew sheet lead covering great space measure totally vaulted falling broke fill magazines belonging carried safety burning following lead altar east end divers monuments body bishop remain lay ashes church pieces early christian world aftermath temporary repairs building albeit complete reconstruction decision taken build new cathedral modern style instead step contemplated fire declared impossible restore old building following april dean wrote right judgement work west end wrote fallen ears pillars collapsed rest unsafe men afraid near pull added absolutely necessary resolve following declaration dean demolition remains old cathedral began demolition old cathedral proved unexpectedly difficult stonework lead initially new technique gunpowder bring surviving stone walls like experimental techniques use gunpowder easy control workers killed nearby residents complained noise damage eventually resorted ram instead building work new cathedral began june proposal greek cross design considered radical members committee commissioned rebuild church members clergy design churches existed england time suggest continuity church_of_england approved warrant design sought reconcile gothic better manner architecture featuring influenced addition old cathedral received permission king ornamental changes submitted design course construction significant alterations including addition famous dome topping new cathedral took place october cathedral declared officially complete parliament consensus finished building mixed wrote eye filled delight approving noting similarity rome air capitals heavy arches unfamiliar english | Old St Paul's Cathedral | Art and architecture | Architecture | Architecture – Religious |
24205_StMaryRedcliffe | mary anglican parish church located district bristol england church short walk church building constructed 12th 15th centuries place christian worship years church renowned beauty gothic architecture classed grade listed building famously described famous parish church england little remains earliest churches site little fabric dated 12th century current building dates late 13th 14th centuries built decorated wealthy merchants city tomb monuments church fell struck lightning rebuilt little original stained glass remains following damage english civil war extensive new glass added victorian era tower contains bells designed circle english style change ringing music church provided organ history church site built saxon times port bristol began medieval times mary sitting red cliff sign pray departure thanks return church built bristol wealthy merchants paid masses sung souls commemorated parts church date beginning 12th century plan dates earlier period church stands built south aisle 13th century greater building late 14th century perpendicular patrons included mayor bristol merchant times mayor bristol times 15th century grandson great merchant times mayor times assumed responsibility bringing work interior completion filling windows stained glass work damaged struck lightning fell causing damage interior angle falling masonry extent damage unclear remain damaged years continued commitment restore church took holy orders death wife buried church families associated include school formed chapel churchyard church school remained closely linked aspects operations 17th century saw loss church fittings stained glass reformation english civil war reign partially funded interior mary refitted baroque style father born house church studied church records room south porch wrote works attempted pass genuine medieval documents committed suicide london age seventeen church saw marriages sarah sister elizabeth upper missing struck lightning reconstructed height funds rebuilding raised formed raised needed long tons short tons laid mayor effect environmental pollution stone repairs stonework needed 1930s mobile mast fitted inside second world war bomb exploded nearby street throwing rail houses churchyard embedded ground rail left monument archives parish records church bristol held online catalogue including baptism marriage burial registers archive includes records incumbent poor church council charities estates restoration church schools societies plus deeds photographs maps plans records related held berkeley castle room gloucestershire archives architecture fittings largest parish churches england according sources largest tallest parish churches tallest building bristol plan chapel extending east chancel large 13th century tower placed north west tower added building 13th century broad angle buttresses windows bell stage corner collapse original remained truncated 1870s rebuilt nave chancel choir vaulted richly decorated bosses variety styles lady chapel star vault large pointed blind arcade descending windows beneath lady chapel small larger beneath bays rectangular 13th century porch nave north porch inner component dating black columns outer portion built appearance outer north porch built 14th century buttresses richly decorated vault church oak chest dating choir stalls date 15th century 13th century marble oak pulpit built 19th century wrought iron chancel screen built stands tower june announced awarded contract extend include visitor amenities step free access community hub monuments memorials church adorned monuments individuals history city including sir father founder pennsylvania helm half armour hung wall banners dutch ships captured battle church displays rib whale brought tombs grandfather tomb multiple wall monuments stained glass little early stained glass remains west window chapel instance medieval glass barely survived destruction said caused men higher portions went untouched severely damaged cases windows impossible repair clear glass eventually introduced replace missing scenes victorian stained glass windows created finest studios period produced design seven light east window following competition launched delays raising money caused delays installation controversy design meant replaced current depiction bell tree design window south installed north memorial window died designed installed crown glass company later design depicting installed lady chapel alongside designed windows choir bell designed memorial north wall north west window obscured organ 1860s moved way depiction designed funded attempts achieve installed work subsequent designs lead commissions bell generally memorials wealthy local dignitaries contributed restoration church sealing tomb great commissioned fill east end chancel paid paintings scenes depicted ascension featuring mary central canvas feet feet flanked sealing tomb feet inches feet mounted frames removed church mid victorian displayed stored redundant church bristol church bells tower contains total bells bell dating early cast cast family remainder cast dates bells bell bell bell larger 10th bell 11th bell included ring bells bells hung cast iron steel frame john taylor dating major overhaul number small modifications taken place additional bell added tenor bell largest bell parish church hung circle english style change ringing 7th largest bell world surpassed 11th tenor tenor tenor london exeter cathedral tenor tenor new 8th bell cast queen replacing bell non swinging bell internal hammer fitted use service bell body church ring bells augmented additional bells sharp bell cast smallest bell tower flat 6th cast allow different scales bells tuned tenor bell tuned strikes note mary guild change founded clock heard striking quarter 3rd 4th 5th 8th bells ring hours struck largest 12th tenor bell clock strikes commonly known quarter hour daily disabled outside hours bells position disabled normally day sundays clock fully converted electric operation 1960s driven smith derby motor old gravity weights etc removed clock automated remains clock movement electrified barrel housed large enclosure ringing room clock face approximately diameter northern elevation choir choir released numerous recordings touring europe north_america organ pipe organ church built harris stops rebuilt chancel manual stop organ having pipes installed end life said regarded organ mary finest characteristic work organ remains essentially designed recorded organ symphony organ ideal choice notes recording describe church ideal period seconds notes organ tone range volume practically loud royal festival hall called organ finest high romantic organ constructed november saw performances organ month renovation original builders costing organ taken away builders workshop durham pipes cleaned leather replaced fitted electronic panel storing combinations stop settings directors music record names early record payments rogers playing organ rogers long tenure new organ installed took served followed years post combined held continued appointed post held title post director music post held assistant graham | St Mary Redcliffe | Art and architecture | Architecture | Architecture – Religious |
24348_LiverpoolMetropolitanCathedral | liverpool metropolitan cathedral officially known seat mother church liverpool liverpool england grade metropolitan cathedral liverpool listed buildings distinguish locals nicknames building include funnel cathedral architect winner worldwide design competition construction began completed earlier designs cathedral proposed completed history design great irish famine catholic population liverpool increased dramatically half million irish predominantly catholic fled england escape famine embarked liverpool travel north_america remained city increase catholic population saw need cathedral location chose grounds domingo road bishop awarded commission building new cathedral lady chapel new cathedral completed financial resources diverted education catholic children work building ceased point lady chapel named served parish church local catholic population demolition 1980s design following purchase present acre site hill sir commissioned provide design appropriate response neo gothic anglican cathedral built hope street design intended create massive structure second largest church world world largest dome diameter feet compared feet diameter building work based design began monday june paid contributions working class catholics burgeoning industrial port restrictions world war wartime rising cost million million billion forced construction stop work finished design cathedral considered costly abandoned complete restored architectural model cathedral display scott reduced design ambitious design fell adrian brother architect commissioned work smaller cathedral design million budget million proposed scaled version building retaining massive dome scott plans criticised building ahead design present cathedral designed sir construction began october years later completed cathedral consecrated soon opening began exhibit architectural flaws led cathedral authorities million counts leaks aluminium roof defects mosaic tiles begun come away concrete ribs architecture concept competition design cathedral held requirement congregation later reduced able altar order involved celebration mass second incorporated structure achieved requirements designing circular building altar centre transforming roof elevated platform cathedral standing end construction contract let exterior cathedral built concrete portland stone aluminium covering roof plan circular having diameter feet perimeter shape cathedral conical tower shape truncated cone building supported shaped concrete held ring beams bends tops flying buttresses attached giving cathedral tent like appearance rising upper ring beam tower containing windows stained glass peak crown entrance wide flight steps leading hope street entrance large wedge shaped structure acts bell tower bells mounted rectangular tower geometric relief sculpture designed includes crosses sides entrance doors mitchell represent symbols steps lead cathedral completed building path acquired demolished developers smaller version cathedral designed sir constructed chapel lancashire catholic teacher training college site occupied education college chapel seen interior focus interior altar faces main entrance white marble feet long floor marble grey white designed benches concentric interior designed tower large areas stained glass designed colours yellow blue red representing trinity glass inch thick pieces glass concrete frames perimeter series open closed blank walls consists low space balcony opposite entrance organ include lady chapel chapel right entrance altar bronze altar designed crown like structure composed aluminium rods incorporates lights interior metal designed rice designed includes eagles chapel saint paul cross stained glass designed designed carved painted lady chapel contains statue stained glass stained glass small statue risen christ chapel saint thomas bronze mosaic hungarian artist george mayer moved demolished gates designed structural problems cathedral built quickly economically led problems fabric building including leaks programme repairs carried 1990s building faced mosaic tiles impossible repair replaced glass reinforced plastic gave thicker appearance aluminium replaced steel slate paving platform replaced concrete flags cathedral built according design construction stopped world war design built structurally built brick granite cornwall year plays host attracts visitors britain places united_states australia hosts examinations students exam periods refurbishment million refurbishment completed officially opened year duke gloucester refurbishment included new east west approaches archive provision new lighting catering facilities new chancel new toilets revamped exhibitions organ built sons organ completed days opening cathedral integral new cathedral architect saw brief designed striking organ decorative inspired innovative use pipes arranged shiny pipes brass contrast concrete pillars surround organ specifications organ speaking stops pipes works way air pressure controlled electric current operated keys organ console opens closes wind allowing pipes speak type motion called electro action gallery | Liverpool Metropolitan Cathedral | Art and architecture | Architecture | Architecture – Religious |
24581_HolyRosaryCathedral(Vancouver) | holy cathedral vancouver commonly known holy cathedral late 19th century french gothic revival church serves cathedral vancouver located downtown area city intersection richards streets construction cathedral began site earlier church opened feast conception december blessed day consecrated style described resembling medieval france church elevated status cathedral listed legally protected building history original structure parish established june father chaplain workers chosen pastor mass parish feast lady year unknown location masses held blair hall hall apparent new permanent church necessary cope growing number consisted families order pick site new church legend father went coal harbour waterfront looked south forested land present day downtown vancouver chose area contained tallest tree construction began wooden church completed blessed following year years later church enlarged bell tower added present day cathedral rapid growth vancouver time plans greater expansion church transferred died shortly father succeeded overseeing plan construction new pastor church father took project time number size church building order fund construction new church missionary religious order belonged headquarters france death worked construction crew initially skeptical project parish heavily debt pastor catholic community vancouver rapidly growing relatively small number friend contractor unable provide funds initially pledged problems culminated construction project labelled despite doubts cornerstone new church laid july archbishop hired architects days construction completed time finished building praised finest piece architecture west toronto north san_francisco new church lady holy opened december feast conception blessed day later archbishop alexander portland oregon end decade financially important parish church break surplus archbishop wanted church cathedral metropolitan extremely reluctant church attempted money buy land build new cathedral nonetheless church elevated status cathedral permitted remain administered parish eventually left difficulties arose mortgage agreement helped pay construction cathedral coupled growing manpower shortage caused declining number members joining order catholic church consecrated free debt cathedral rite held october years opened ceremony commenced subsequent mass celebrated approximately thirty bishops canada united_states attended event coincided duke golden silver bishop respectively october feast day cathedral namesake entered church fired round rifle altar hurt arrested shortly minor tilt bell tower cathedral detected april probably drilling blasting nearby tunnel significant events taken place cathedral hosted level congress celebrated years later pope visited church pastoral visit canada late september cathedral place canada host relics month long tour country years notable people funeral requiem mass said cathedral including beloved local swim instructor chief vancouver police commissioner funeral february saw cathedral filled capacity thousands rain cold weather view funeral procession streets vancouver requiem masses held cathedral requiem held governor general canada architecture interior cathedral built french gothic style shape latin cross exterior walls church built sandstone originating foundations granite bell towers labelled cathedral prominent visual feature taller originally designed flying buttresses interior features columns support nave red marble situated centre sanctuary surrounded oak altar piece towers total dimensions church building long wide tall taller rising years cathedral undergone series renovations late tin scales covered taller cleaned repaired cross atop sanctuary took place 1960s took place prior pope visit cathedral cathedral completely utilized roof resemble slate december removed replaced italian tiles inside church bells cathedral built seven bells representing cast france blessed october soon found tune sent europe time near bristol time bells order complete entire octave cathedral operate change ringing bells hung english style found north_america british_columbia located westminster abbey mission victoria christ church cathedral bells notably dominion day canada february honour opening winter olympics vancouver organ cathedral pipe organ originally built inaugurated autumn manufactured ontario organ oldest romantic style organ province remaining original location years instrument condition deteriorated general wear tear repairs water damage caused leaking roof result organ dismantled transported quebec restored years returned church blessed year organ concert series hosted cathedral time held annually stained glass windows currently stained glass windows cathedral renowned ones windows canadian artist depict lady holy baptism lord jesus healing sick jesus children assumption window showing lady holy featured annual christmas stamp furthermore canada documented stained glass windows cathedral modern day cathedral news having called weekly basis cathedral staff claimed siege frequented building involved incident daily revelations came light homeless man year old cathedral august year caught camera march nations protesters disrupted easter sunday mass cathedral demonstrating outside steps ordered church native land demanded disclose burial locations children died residential schools similar protest occurred october splinter group movement marched cathedral attempted enter cathedral occupy thwarted vancouver police officers | Holy Rosary Cathedral (Vancouver) | Art and architecture | Architecture | Architecture – Religious |
24595_UpperBrookStreetChapel,Manchester | manchester upper brook street chapel known chapel welsh baptist chapel chapel attached sunday school east manchester england said chapel having constructed designed sir later went design listed building october currently grade owned rated bad partially demolished recently placed building list threatened buildings england wales history chapel designed sir shortly designed constructed sandstone slate roof english style building seven narrow bays buttresses bay west end giant arched doorway ground floor window east end rose window corners square inside chapel galleries sides vaulted ceiling attached storey sunday school style chapel triple north large arched windows floor west end lean porch building listed october currently classed grade building marked charge style worship locations previously built brick plain tending greek architecture said chapel manchester preceded chapel march constructed style built following construction resembled parish churches style occupancy chapel replaced street chapel built demolished completion marriages originally constructed chapel burial rites chapel graveyard outset north south sides chapel restrictions placed prohibited removal remains graves north brick south chapel performed marriages ministers chapel include circa left start chapel sold changes district subsequently welsh baptist chapel chapel witnesses kingdom hall early 1970s recent use chapel sunday school mosque teaching centre outreach work asian community chapel currently vacant occupying building owned 1970s purchased land alongside aim constructing large motorway manchester realised current status future parts chapel demolished start safety grounds holding sections march building little roof walls floors ceilings poor condition annex declared unsafe spokesperson said welsh baptist chapel poor condition low standard original construction years attempts achieve sympathetic redevelopment site secure building long term future unsuccessful bid funding repair building city_council commissioned structural advice building prior removing roof agreement english_heritage building need emergency repairs extra fully functional chapel currently rated bad recently placed building list threatened buildings england wales october revealed discussion developer building bring use august council received planning application manchester repair building convert apartments application granted february redevelopment consist private apartments chapel sunday school completed summer | Upper Brook Street Chapel, Manchester | Art and architecture | Architecture | Architecture – Religious |
24703_Saint-Louis-du-Louvre | medieval church 1st paris located west original palace founded saint thomas collegiate church fallen ruin rebuilt church suppressed french revolution turned year use building dedicated protestant worship history paris role continued demolition way napoleon expansion reformed congregation given replacement saved choir stalls place history october archbishop_of_canterbury intensifying conflict henry_ii efforts reduce power church trial convicted offenses henry proceeded flee france welcomed hosted years shortly return england famously murdered subsequently travelled canterbury pay respects saint making donation gold annual donation gallons wine celebration annual feast inspired brother devotion founded new collegiate church robert death wife obtained confirmation foundation church pope provided confirmation means letters patent great seal green wax papal bull pope innocent iii took church property clergy protection pope duke brittany endowed church adjoining hotel condition pray family increased number seven chosen alternately king bishop church fallen ruin gave crowns rebuilt demolition process portion church left continuing use chapter performing office remaining structure collapsed burying ruins accident led union chapter neighboring saint founded times previously united reconstructed church merged new congregation new church designed known best work consisted nave entrance church circular projection decorated housed choir stalls surrounding high altar nave decorated chapel virgin sculpture church decorated works members families painters building enjoyed good reputation middle 18th century singular plan rich internal decoration style exterior came criticism tutor chief minister died king decided placed competition held commission create tomb landmark event history 18th century french sculpture public input director proposals members models tomb offered wax proposals displayed salon public response won competition ultimately given commission family cardinal tomb remained unfinished time church suppression church home tomb architect time french revolution church nominated archbishop duke role count february chapter declared revolutionary authorities annual revenues great sum time december municipal officers came church announce suppression chapter abolition titles inventory objects church church properties possessions turned state behest mayor paris rented newly formed reformed congregation paris annual sum service held easter protestant worship forbidden paris non catholic services illegal france inaugurated long period persecution french paris able worship dutch swedish gave legal status congregation formed serving chaplain dutch embassy congregation gained permission worship openly revolution met variety places including wine shop gaining permission rent building dedicated protestant worship history paris dedication new church temple french referred buildings pastor preached text patients joyful hope patient faithful prayer romans mayor attended person october chose passage know truth truth set free john revolution increasingly hostile christianity arrested september released released having concession having services days according revolutionary calendar instead sundays arrested june continuing marry secret christian practice banned favor cult supreme freed prison fall napoleon came agreement pope vii reconcile catholic church french state led official recognition state control religious groups including result catholic churches dedicated use reformed believers paris marie des chapel napoleon decreed expansion require demolition existing structures including church replacement reformed congregation given suppressed revolution choir preserved seen including seats choir stalls enabled rest standing church demolished portion remained standing construction wing | Saint-Louis-du-Louvre | Art and architecture | Architecture | Architecture – Religious |
24956_ChurchoftheHolyMotherofGod,Asen'sFortress | church holy mother god fortress church holy mother god bulgarian popular medieval eastern orthodox church located lies near south central bulgaria constructed likely 12th century features stories upper story church proper lower story unclear function rectangular tower church regarded earliest preserved kind balkans fragments visible walls church upper story location history lies elevation near road kilometres south town medieval forms ruined castle known fortress church best preserved building church dated scholars 12th century researchers place construction 11th century 13th century church commonly known actual dedication alleged based partial inscription church donor inscription early 20th century inscription visible equivalent mother god main church nearby makes likely inscription references monastery relation church fortress way providing church turn 20th century terminus rival religious organised ethnic greek bulgarian communities greek procession took place comparable bulgarian carried years later began man claimed seen lights heard chants passing near abandoned church ended observed night church suffering damage earthquake church reconstructed team directed architect continues function place worship architecture god measures approximately metres length metres width metres height metres according data walls church constructed bands stones rows tied mortar exception north wall built exclusively stones single band bricks walls vary thickness church features stories upper story certainly church proper place role lower story unclear construction necessitated unfavourable rocky terrain served tomb storage facility considered likely human remains discovered inside lower stories similar churches commonly tombs church single elongated nave dome finishes single eastern dome supported arches north south west east sided outside round inside west sanctuary features hosted sanctuary separated rest nave pillars buttresses support south wall entrance church south wall church total windows south wall north wall west nave small topped unusual rectangular tower tower bell tower possibly accessible wooden inside outside features wide vaulted windows upper rectangular dome covered roof tiles according art historian tower earliest example integrated church building arranged balkan architecture design later establish standard balkans construction integrated tower attributed western european oriental armenian influences decoration church exterior appearance described graceful richly decorated outside blind arches design element typical medieval bulgarian architecture feature prominently south facade dome large arch south wall ties lower upper story particularly richly decorated rows elongated bricks includes triangular shapes patterns red bricks church upper story features fragments interior traces mural painting blind arches interior includes images baptism christ court mother god jesus portraits saints recognised john baptist peter paul constantine military saints depicted south wall north wall features monks preserved 14th century example art | Church of the Holy Mother of God, Asen's Fortress | Art and architecture | Architecture | Architecture – Religious |
25190_StMargaret'sChurch,Ifield | church church anglican church neighbourhood town borough england ancient parish church village medieval settlement expanded form new town church modern parish serves present building incorporates chancel 13th century church replaced wooden building centuries earlier additions 14th century included stone representing knight wife considered excellent examples sculptures structural changes took place regular intervals major victorian restoration architect included extension nave new tower english heritage listed church grade architectural historical importance churchyard old tombs monuments including writer grave decorated table tomb listed separately english_heritage grade memorials interior walls internal fixtures include 12th century font unusual decorative carvings history ancient parish covered acres rural land north sussex border surrey attached nearby century church built centre small settlement recorded book present stone building believed stand site older wooden church possibly dating 10th 11th century earliest record vicar present church simply listed church list simon took 13th century church stone built nave chancel survives present building 12th century font probably taken building place time chancel arch inserted nave chancel dedication later recorded added nave 14th century north south doubling seating capacity windows installed nave century later timber porch built north chancel arch widened screen installed standard feature churches medieval era wall decorations paintings ecclesiastical feeling moved favour walls screens pillars 17th century parliament decreed changes vicar reverend strict protestant strongly opposed catholic style worship ceremony church decoration enforced new style screen internal decoration removed time major work took place gallery built choir replaced large box taken parish church london restoration took place roof improved built incorporating wood famous old trees county oak cut time tree marked ancient county boundary sussex surrey barrel organ installed architect archaeologist fellow architect built tall substantial tower west end replace earlier small tower porch replaced older bell turret lengthened nave removed gallery west end church exterior walls rough stone hidden modern layers cement church approached east end street ancient village street architecture church chancel wide nave narrow narrow bay north south sides tall tower topped west end porch north nave chancel chancel arch date 13th century arcades largely 14th century origins feature designs typical period including arches octagonal columns corners windows date century century later headed designs larger square headed perpendicular gothic windows windows contain stained glass roof nave tall pitched substantial king posts tie beams medieval origin architectural historian considered tower described windows double internal arch odd effective details unusually rendered way body church producing heavy effect tall windows lower stage smaller depict resurrection ascension jesus christ respectively internal fittings date 19th century renovations font far oldest feature church dating late 12th century local marble carved stem flanked columns topped delicate leaf like capitals roll ornamentation uncommon norman era font form typical deep square bowl supported wide central column narrower shafts memorials churchyard east end nave large 14th century stone survivors 17th century subsequent changes church considered high quality examples kind life size representations knight suit armour woman lying backs prayer sources identify sir john wife disagreement date death date carved cited figures carved london locally heads rest angels feet lions great praise noting far usual standard sideways sway carved rare sussex common find stood recorded examples county founding editor satirical magazine punch lived parish mid-19th century owned vine cottage high street formed boundary parish parish john baptist closer buried large table tomb west end churchyard listed separately english_heritage grade listed structure dating contains remains george structure pale heavily stone including step inscriptions sides topped carved decorated grade listing given february large tombs 18th century churchyard good examples use artificial stone popular time brass stone memorial inside church 16th century onwards prominent wall memorial chancel addition tomb outside local sculptor designed stone carved reverend obscure london based mid-19th century sculptor parish church today listed grade english_heritage february grade buildings listed buildings grades borough buildings classified grade considered exceptional interest national importance present day parish covers west rural roads county oak form eastern southern boundaries edge estate boundary extends farms rural roads hamlet northern border close county boundary surrey southern edge airport serves parish church parish churches covers church plant venue west neighbourhood team rector responsible running churches pastoral care based served church far southwest parish church brick building tall bell tower nearby served churches built second world war new town designed | St Margaret's Church, Ifield | Art and architecture | Architecture | Architecture – Religious |
25531_Munneswaramtemple | temple temple tamil important regional hindu temple complex sri_lanka existence myths surrounding temple associate popular indian epic legendary hero king temple ancient dedicated region temple complex collection temples including buddhist temple central temple dedicated prestigious biggest popular temples dedicated temple popular frequent complex century temples complex belong majority buddhist ethnic group temples excluding buddhist temple administered families belonging minority temple located village mixed tamil population situated historic tamil division region main temple owns extensive property surrounding villages ownership affirmed region medieval temple destroyed twice portuguese colonial officers handed properties built catholic chapel temple foundation locals reconstructed temple times religious demographic change late 18th century surrounding villages towns directly associated temple administration maintenance villages associated organizing main temple festival main festivals celebrated temple include day long festival honour presiding goddess overnight observation honour lord addition hindu festivals temple festival festival week long event attended history temple situated center spiritual religious life people dwelling medieval administrative division called division temple existence villages provided political leadership belonged bigger medieval division called ruled semi independent tamil chiefs subject kingdoms presiding deity called lord antiquity ancient roots goddess called goddess beautiful form mother goddess temple historically associated nearby fishing town landed gentry surrounding villages provided resources maintain temple proximity trading routes port provided opportunity transmission ideas people india sri_lanka temples dedicated higher hindu buddhist deities village guardian deities speculates main temple minor shrine dedicated village guardian deity transformed major temple royal patronage temple established temple 11th century issued coins temple began patronage chiefs probably constructed early 10th century ferry transported traders pilgrims temple kingdoms stopping kingdom sailing 14th century temple historically attested grants local literature temple popular shrine associated animal sacrifices spirit possession spirit possession noted jesuit priests left records 16th century temple dedicated deity administered local family buddhist temple century addition temple located south west main temple newest hindu temples built early 19th century india forms ancient temples dedicated region including sri_lanka renovation destruction renovation known reconstruction temple recorded grant grant script sanskrit thirty eighth year summoned chief priest temple reaffirmed lands belonged temple villages mentioned belonging temple revenue land grant exempt tax grant inscribed granite slab installed renovated temple conquest kingdom military leader sent king celebrated message carried bird written 15th century principal monk book contains contemporary description country traversed road taken bird referred south beautiful city mentions temple second set grants recorded king donated extensive lands temple recorded deed copper plate inscription destruction portuguese arrival sri_lanka began campaign forced conversion destruction buddhist hindu temples island destroyed temple completely exception basement core building roman catholic chapel recorded iron bars destroy presiding deity according portuguese records able convert people village roman catholics locals temple administrators able hide idols temple complex destruction reconstruction following destruction area came control expanding led king continuously harassed portuguese reign rebuilt temple continuous conflict area temple proper cultivation lands abandoned irrigation tanks provided water cultivation fell portuguese destroyed temple early 17th century temple rebuilt local people nominally usage superstructure rebuilt silver work art displaying affinity architecture ceremonies performed year performance daily special rites temple grant lands priests recorded copper plate myths myths associated temple dated vary different religious ethnic groups set myths deals creation temple deals reconstruction efforts temple primarily temple according tamil legend temple situated place king india hero epic prayed war demon king identified sri_lanka hail outside primarily goddess temple currently associated popular place myths place deity landed india legend female deity prevented human beings settle myth current says temple renovated legendary king according myth king afflicted skin disease cured taking bath ruined temple holy pond following miracle king went temple created community temple maintain temple equivalent myth people indicates king king prayed presiding goddess cured kings called sri_lanka involved actual renovations temple seven kings named making difficult identify right king modern temple recorded temple festival attracted thousands people surrounding 1870s temple abandoned reasons causes conversion land plantations farming village hardly people entire people villages temple properties longer cultivated tanks maintained population surviving slash burn agriculture british colonial policies favored conversion lands lucrative plantations quickly covering suitable lands establishments large scale plantations led population increase migration settlement plantation workers interior country led demographic change local people temple administration villagers village filed case district courts prevent land grab temple properties outsiders case resulted british colonial government accepting temple properties belonging newly created temple trust trust came control family maintains hereditary position temple controls temple properties tamil family village controls position temple temple renovated personal efforts improvements effected public support temple popular pilgrims temples temple layout presiding deity installed form temple architectural details conform written hindu scriptures known temple faces east pathways sacred pond situated temple tree stands main structure largest sri_lanka temple surrounded temples southeast shrine dedicated temple dedicated buddhist deity situated northeast corner temple popular temple dedicated stands northern southwest outer courtyard temple dedicated temple dedicated planets saints aspects center cult according cult reached sri_lanka temples prior 12th century buddhist population came village demon 12th century known hindu temple shrine popular myth landing town residing temple popular place visit purposes early 1970s majority visitors purposes 1990s half visiting temple general purposes demonstrating transformation deity mother goddess completely overtaken previously popular 1960s number buddhist dedicated sprung island especially urban areas managed priests trance specialists act deity possessed deity popular previously hindu deities identified hindu fundamentally altered rational nature personal deity aspect following protests buddhist monks animal rights activist government banned age old custom animal sacrifices temple festivals temple known celebration functions days dedicated aspects presiding goddess dedicated functions primarily attract temple annual festival important temple calendar attracts catholics muslims 1830s festival lasted days 1960s lasts days months august september festival begins temple flag followed days internal temple conducted outer pathways temple day festival images presiding consort goddess temple local village deity temples festivals coincide annual festival villagers belonging sponsor day day festival visit temple attend daily offerings erected outside sale food drink pottery cloth holy images penultimate day festival procession image goddess placed huge wooden pulled temple final day festival large drawn local river holy bath ceremony images river time thousands jump river holy bath procession goes temple route accompanied traditional musicians procession passes temples prior entering main temple | Munneswaram temple | Art and architecture | Architecture | Architecture – Religious |
25596_StCwyllog'sChurch,Llangwyllog | medieval church near north wales founded church 6th century exact date unknown existence church recorded parts present building date parts 15th century unusual possibly intended use added 16th century church contains 18th century fittings including rare georgian pulpit reading desk church use worship seven churches combined group parishes grade listed building national designation given particularly important buildings special interest regarded good rural medieval church features 15th century 18th century fittings history location church rural location middle miles north west county town short distance small village village takes church welsh word originally meant enclosure church modified form saint church site established female saint 6th century exact date unknown daughters king northern britain lost lands sought safety family ruler gave land church time taxation present walls date 13th century church control east gaining income paid church gradually diminished size importance prior entire community stage signature lease church member prominent family town period years annual rent north doorway east window late 15th century added west end half 16th century restoration work carried funded 7th work services service scheduled sunday month afternoon church parish combined parishes seven churches total parish diocese position vicar vacant architecture fittings church built rubble masonry large boulder roof slate stone main church feet inches long feet inches wide west end measures feet inches feet inches west end roof nave single bell decorated bull heads dated east end cross structural division nave chancel west end smaller lower height main building built line built use 16th century doorway west end converted window 19th century modern door east end 18th century fireplace main entrance church north nave dating late 15th century doorway pointed square frame east window chancel 15th century lights headed pointed arch stained glass pre artist added windows north wall late 16th century square heads south wall similar window copies 19th century church cylindrical stone font dating 13th century carved decorations particularly elaborate leaf design pattern decoration incomplete left unfinished fittings date late 18th century refurbished include triple pulpit combined reading desk sides pulpit bears inscription altar communion rails sides probably similar date pulpit seats nearby chancel north south 18th century memorials east pulpit box dates 18th century 19th west open benches church chest dated hat walls silver 16th century lid dated returned church dealer purchased years thinking tudor sugar lid investigations showed belonged nearby closed church transferred silver chance conversation dealer local clergyman group led discovery lid mark fitted dealer decided ought return church assessment church national recognition statutory protection alteration designated grade listed building second highest grade listing designating particularly important buildings special interest given status listed good rural medieval church retains features original simple medieval plan body responsible built heritage wales inclusion welsh buildings statutory lists notes 18th century fittings memorials adds addition west unusual 19th century antiquarian described church small remarkably built mentioned ancient curious chapel west end nave writing clergyman antiquarian said better architectural features small churches guide buildings region describes restoration notes rare surviving georgian fittings including pulpit guide religious buildings wales says earliest finest pre church interiors | St Cwyllog's Church, Llangwyllog | Art and architecture | Architecture | Architecture – Religious |
25770_AlchiMonastery | monastery monastery buddhist monastery known monastic complex temples indian state complex comprises separate settlements village lower region monuments dated different periods monastery said oldest famous administered villages lower region constitute group monuments villages adjoining monuments villages stated unique style monastic complex best known monastery complex built according local tradition great translator guru inscriptions preserved monuments noble called later 11th century temple called built style seen monasteries temple called temple jam important complex artistic spiritual details buddhism hindu kings time reflected wall paintings monastery oldest surviving paintings complex huge statues elaborate wood carvings art work comparable baroque style explained beauty small monastery history history monuments complex villages group precise spite inscriptions texts displayed walls traditionally creation complex attributed famous scholar translator 10th century tenth century order spread buddhism trans region took initiative scholars region harsh climatic conditions survived scholar translator established buddhist activity region areas india including went neighbouring countries known epithet great translator credited building monasteries trans region quest buddhism buddhism region monasteries considered buddhism known engaged artists create wall paintings sculptures legendary monasteries survived monastery complex having pride place monasteries built monasteries period belong established schools initially brought control order condition monasteries deteriorated taken order exception placed sect worship monastery ceased reason fifteenth century sect controlled geography visitor information located south bank altitude metres kilometres outside west connected air delhi road approach starts route accessible june october depending snow fall conditions valley village high altitude rain shadow area laid settlements banks tributary monastic complex separate village settlements structures monastery complex major assembly hall dating early 12th early 13th centuries important complex addition complex important temples translator temple called new temple called collection small village described hindu jewel colours forms utterly beautiful normal state high altitude deep artistic spiritual details buddhism hindu kings time reflected wall paintings monastery complex oldest surviving paintings complex huge statues lavish wood carvings art work baroque style explains beauty small monastery rendered eclectic mix faces clothes heart monastery complex monks perform worship ceremonies large ancient original wooden door frame retained additions ancient structure 12th 13th centuries leads hall courtyard thousand depicted seen outer gate walls dedicated painted different surround main deity hall set paintings fierce guardians lesser complex outstanding purpose clearly established means building small built natural stone reflected bland exterior building tradition columns walls clay images paintings interior monastery artists ground floor floor measures metres metres metres width metres height main wall larger size walls depict main images standing posture metres height associate secondary deities niche flying niche main wooden door floor dilapidated rest preserved original form built early 13th century second floor building form balcony mounting image largest size metres wall flanked images right left interesting aspect elegant worn deities display different themes printed different textile patterns depicts life shows holy places royal palaces printed deities single head arms differently portrayed deity identified different crown representing crown represents crown represents inscription main niche states images representing body speech mind compared bodies denoting body reality representing pure representing body simple terms represent buddhist concepts compassion hope wisdom depiction life textile prints unique representation cycle life arranged reverse sequence form painted red measuring centimetres blue background scenes representing episodes preaching scenes scenes arranged pre determined sequence representing events life journey heaven sermon dating basis names priests inscribed floor structure inscribed school established early 13th century temple analysis temple compared hall temple dates called built central images seated seen common platform metres square pillars form enclosure images pillars supported cross connected painted wood ceiling paintings wooden ceiling similar located close river temple preserved wood carvings doors pillars temple left later addition images common pedestal centimetres high painted recently overall picture decorative derived tails surrounded images animals gods symbols normal colour attributed images orange temple depicted different colours images single headed arms adorned sword book lotus bow arrow wall shrine dedicated image depicted main wall seated lion throne walls images right left images set central image niche wall adorned jewellery forms crown flower band base throne image depiction seven suspicious symbols flanked lions enclosed square frame distinctive throne frame earliest recorded early 13th century following building decorated known locally considered unique historical link monuments added 13th 14th centuries complex ancient paintings | Alchi Monastery | Art and architecture | Architecture | Architecture – Religious |
25823_StMary'sChurch,Tal-y-llyn | medieval church near north wales originally chapel ease parish church township served longer exists declared redundant church early 1990s care services held month year date church unknown oldest parts 12th century chancel rebuilt 16th century chapel added 17th century church pulpit communion rails added 18th century modern replacements vandalism grade listed building national designation given buildings exceptional usually national interest rare example virtually medieval church simple character history location mary church rural populated kilometres northeast kilometres southwest stands low mound approximately yards wall churchyard contains follows shape mound extent original purpose serve ease local parish church miles north closed township mary served disappeared time houses date foundation church unknown nave oldest church possibly built 12th century later changes saw rebuilding chancel late 16th century addition chapel south building 17th century services early 1990s redundant church placed care hold year lease effective november services held church sunday afternoon month october architecture fittings church constructed rubble masonry boulder floor laid roof modern nave measures feet chancel measures feet inches feet chapel adjoining chancel south feet nave chancel pointed arch 13th century elements probably reconstructed 16th century chapel rectangular windows east west walls 17th century narrow stone bench runs west south walls chapel roof date 15th 17th centuries visible inside building rectangular windows north wall nave 20th century additions matching window north wall chancel east window chancel rounded lights set square frame dates 16th century windows clear glass boarded windows south exposed roof west end nave entrance west end rounded arch doorway set deep thick wall possibly dating 14th century 12th century font removed church redundant nearby church church houses 15th century octagonal font positioned octagonal stem communion rails dated simple design pulpit 18th century panels stone benches north south walls nave dated 18th century stolen church redundant replacements local restoration project carried assessment national recognition statutory protection alteration designated grade listed building highest grade listing designating buildings exceptional usually national interest fewer listed buildings wales category given status april rare example virtually medieval church simple character welsh assembly government body responsible built heritage wales inclusion welsh buildings statutory lists note reason listing retention complete set 18th century fittings including simple benches comment 1990s vandalism modern guide buildings region comments vernacular character country buildings survives scarcely churches 19th century writer took different view building calling small interest | St Mary's Church, Tal-y-llyn | Art and architecture | Architecture | Architecture – Religious |
25859_Badamicavetemples | cave temples cave temples complex hindu possibly buddhist cave temples located town district northern india caves considered example indian rock cut architecture especially architecture dates 6th century previously known capital early dynasty ruled 6th 8th century situated west bank artificial lake wall stone steps surrounded north south forts built later times cave temples represent earliest known examples hindu temples described designs cave temples having transformed valley cradle temple architecture defined components later hindu temples india caves hill soft sandstone formation south east town cave sculptures hindu themes prominent carving dancing cave similar cave terms layout dimensions featuring hindu subjects relief largest largest cave cave featuring related mythology carved cave complex cave dedicated revered figures cave buddhist cave cave discovered metres main caves hindu carvings geography cave temples located town north central india temples miles north east second largest metropolitan area state miles away referred historical texts capital dynasty 6th century exit point steep mountain cliffs cave temples hill south east town excavated artificial lake called created dam faced stone steps west end cliff lowest point cave temple largest cave cave east northern face hill fourth cave short distance away history cave temples numbered order creation town capital city kingdom known early dated late 6th century onwards exact dating known cave temple dedicated inscription found records creation shrine lunar calendar inscription written language enabled dating rock cave temples 6th century caves complex designated candidate title evolution temple architecture river valley considered cradle temple architecture formed model later hindu temples region artwork caves exhibit northern style 6th 7th centuries cave simultaneously represent ancient indian artistic traditions northern southern styles cave shows icons style creative fusion ideas styles earliest surviving historical examples motifs geometric symbolism colored paintings caves feature sculptures hindu icons legends focusing cave features icons themes temple caves cave temples man carved soft sandstone hill cliff plan caves includes entrance supported stone columns distinctive feature caves leading main hall small square shrine cut deep inside cave cave temples linked stepped path intermediate overlooking town lake cave temples labelled ascending series numbering reflect sequence excavation architecture includes structures built styles persistent architectural adopted early fifth natural cave temple buddhist temple natural cave entered cave cave feet ground level north west hill access series steps depict carvings heads different inner measurement feet feet columns sculpted god shown dancing positions incarnations guardian door keepers entrance cave measure feet cave portrays dancing image feet tall arms form expresses dance positions arranged geometric pattern swiss art historian says time division cosmic wheel arms express symbolic hand gestures arms hold objects drums axe son bull adjoining wall depicts goddess depicted buffalo demon sons god war family deity dynasty seen carved sculptures walls cave riding cave carved sculptures flanking foot high sculpture fused image half half right end wall relief sculpture composite form consort female decorated goddess holding flat object left hand bull figures adorned carved ornaments surrounded borders animals birds lotus design common theme ceiling images couples wall cave square sanctuary carved images roof cave carved panels central panel depicting head bust formed project centre compartment relief feet diameter carvings male female male carrying sword female flying veil succeeding panel carvings small figures panel end carved cave cave lying west cave facing north created late 6th century cave terms layout dimensions dedicated primarily cave reached climbing steps cave cave entrance divided square pillars carvings middle section sculptures cave adorned guardians like cave carved cave art hindu largest relief cave shows foot earth directed north representations cave include shown rescuing symbol earth depths ocean krishna legends found texts like major forms caves sculpture set circle according panel upright height equal directing circle sides aligned essential geometric case second vertical chord circle doorway framed carrying blocks embellished entrance cave armed guardians holding flowers weapons end walls outer adorned sculpted panels right left rescuing multi headed snake adjacent walls ceiling traces colored paint suggesting cave paintings columns gods battle scenes cosmic ocean figures asleep illustrations birth krishna krishna youth krishna cows ceiling cave shows wheel sixteen fish square frame flying couples end bays flying couple main hall cave feet wide feet deep feet high supported square pillars rows roof hall panels filled relief carvings upper reaches wall runs wall episodes krishna legends sculptures like cave northern style 6th 7th century similar found caves cave cave dedicated largest carved cave complex carved giant figures cave primary theme shows southern wall half half shown fused making cave important studies cave facing north steps away cave cave temple feet length interior width feet sculpted feet deep mountain added square shrine end extends cave feet inside feet wide free standing carved pillars separating hall cave feet high supported pillars measuring square feet column carved wide deep bases crowned capitals partly hidden sides carvings human figures standing foliage different male female mythological characters attendant figure dwarf blocks generally feet long thirty compartments carved series fat called cave shows scene pillar woman man erotic embrace beneath tree cave shows paintings ceiling faded broken unclear earliest known surviving evidence painting indian art hindu god seen murals wedding attended hindu deities theme lotus floor underneath mural armed sculpture preserved large number including standing arms seated eastern half human half lion fully armed wall cave sculpture wall carvings holding offerings adjoining inscription dated inscribed end sculpture shown arms decorated types weapons crescent moon crafted face crown head flanked figures right attendant images figures wife councillor stand metres tall aspects culture clothing 6th century visible art sculpted cave roof seven panels created cross beams painted circular compartments images deities including smaller images cardinal guardians geometric filling gaps corners roof aisle panels murals centre male female flying clouds male figure holding sword shield decoration lotus seen panels roof hall divided panels slightly level ceiling central panel depicts mounted ram images painted central panels floating figures seen remaining panels cave located east cave cave situated higher caves dedicated revered figures recently constructed caves like caves features detailed carvings diverse range motifs cave entrance square columns capitals hall standalone joined pillars aisle feet long feet wide extending feet deep hall steps lead feet wide extends depth feet represented sitting lion throne figure flanked fans heads end walls feet tall head decorated multi headed cobra representing protection reverence carvings include covered snakes seen left lower legs surrounded snakes daughters image resting pedestal containing 12th century inscription marking death images engraved inner pillars walls addition idols scholars believe cave created century place creation 8th century cave cave natural cave small dimensions approached crawling narrow opening inside carved statue seated sculpted throne showing people holding fans tree elephants lions attacking pose face statue reasonably intact damaged missing parts theories statue represents theory holds relief sitting posture according theory holding flanking intervening centuries cave converted hindu shrine seen white religious markings painted face ninth incarnation according archaeologist curator prince cave converted start represented tribute hindu style suggesting likely carved 8th century second theory found colonial era texts missionary british india scholar main image carved cave figure according theory archaeologists supported local legends statue ancient king photograph statue taken face damaged figure lacked typically goes image statue unusual ornaments rings fingers necklace chest band wears hindu thread head closer head head features suggest statue king represented features traditions according assistant curator art date identity main statue cave remains enigmatic caves assistant director district working state government reported discovery cave rock carvings metres main caves water newly discovered cave year round depicts hindu deities features inscription script dating carvings unknown | Badami cave temples | Art and architecture | Architecture | Architecture – Religious |
26378_MahamuniBuddhaTemple | temple temple pronunciation called buddhist temple major pilgrimage site located southwest burma image literal meaning great sage temple originally came highly burma central people lives seen expression representing life ancient tradition refers lifetime india paradise fifth image according legend visited city king requested image cast casting great image image exact likeness history origins according legend visited capital city travels mission spread buddhism 26th anniversary king time devout buddhist accompanied disciples landed mountain peak near town chief queen ladies waiting entourage ministers generals officials paid homage deeply moved teachings departure king insisted leave image people worship purpose sat tree week meditation time ruler heaven buddhist supported assistant image ornaments donated king people said created separate pavilion live enjoy seven days looking image believed time true likeness pleased image spiritual essence consecrated image naming stated image thousand years representative explained legend cult worship evolved living double image rich complex mythology associated image includes episodes parallel stories rituals myths accomplish aims simultaneously place local contexts actors universal buddhist locate continuing biography buddhist politics politics extended biographical mode presence associated power kings patrons image image informed local religious patronage domains legend narrated chronicle relates phenomena occurred image consecrated temple continued occur departed phenomena holy water washing image overflow collecting vessels water tank washing head retain quality year coloured rays appeared image evenings rays faded presence non believers space temple automatically accommodate number leaves trees tilt direction image birds fly temple stone guardians entrance sense presence evil prevent entering temple legend narrated linked bronze statues lions heads substituted later style headed elephant known warriors form installed temple northern end courtyard statues originally temple complex believe statues healing qualities particular body statues cure diseases image history ancient history king pagan attempted image pagan success military leadership dynasty conquered religious relics kingdom including image confiscated installed temple outskirts old capital image large transport cut sections later housed new temple capital king capital son british annexed upper burma prevent french dominating rule ended image continued visited pilgrims mainly peoples old bronze statues line courtyard temple long history war originally statues found taken king conquered took thirty statues king invaded brought statues finally took according local belief statues brought melted cast cannons fortification palace thirty statues brought remain today displayed temple complex major attraction purported healing qualities damage image suffered damage fires fire broke reign seven brick temple halls burnt great image saved gold recovered fire currently image minister took charge site constructed present temple original shrine built military rulers burma undertook renovation work period image damaged hole appeared belly great image believed thieves hole attempt steal believed image reported military officer requested open temple night resulting meeting senior monks major monasteries area discuss matter whilst meeting progress attention diverted purported rape incident committed muslim man buddhist girl major riot broke turned afterward buddhist girl raped divert attention away repaired mystery remains jewellery exist actually removed great image architecture temple complex structures located road leading southwest originally located brick paved road constructed royal palace king eastern gate temple remnants road seen major teaching monastery monks order monasteries adjacent temple central shrine framed extensive grass lawn arcades leading main shrine selling religious candles flowers robes etc restaurants tea shops large image small chamber roof covering seven meaning roofs derivative sanskrit word ceiling ornate mosaic covering arcades supported carved columns adorned fine image image housed small chamber seated throne divine posture known posture legs crossed feet turned right hand touches ground witness past deeds image cast bronze weighs tonnes erected metres high pedestal reaches height metres shoulders measure metres waist measures metres royal costumes crossing chest image crowned diamonds left hand appears unusually large seen resting lap palm gold leaves regularly applied face male consequent frequent application gold leaves coating gold thickness centimetres given image noted right hand crown characteristics royalty free gold leaf covering gives impression later additions original image burnt kilograms gold recovered site represents continued historical cult features large number inscription stones collected seen long gallery southeastern corner temple courtyard inscriptions marble sandstone collected regions country large water tank southeast direction temple fish turtles fed rice large number pilgrims visit temple day adjacent temple contains displays buddhism asia daily rituals february present initiated ritual daily face washing deity dawn ritual morning monks wash face brush teeth image elaborate ritual performed hour senior monk dressed monastic attire assisted lay dressed white wearing formal soon drums struck senior monk residing adjoining monastery enters starts formal face washing ritual succession fresh offered performs act cleaning teeth large brush followed sequence cleaning fresh paste applied image cleaned finally water ceremony completed returned reverence home special occasions day orange placed shoulders presiding monk major congregation witness rituals men sit enclosure including women children sit middle rear end offer food items brought deity chant prayers rituals performed winter season image covered monastic order reign monarchs offerings daily great image formal way food offerings sheltered royal white umbrella taken procession palace escorted minister honour sovereign head state festival major annual festival known meaning festival held early february end celebrate history festival aside daily rituals book relations recited book philosophical text recounted mother sermon heaven sacred scripture special feature continues days monks scriptures groups festivities include forms entertainment programmes dance music theatre etc social event allowing families friends gather greet given large crowds pilgrims attracted season guards posted near great image video cameras placed parts temple protect gallery | Mahamuni Buddha Temple | Art and architecture | Architecture | Architecture – Religious |
26466_LarabangaMosque | historic mosque built architectural style village oldest mosque country oldest west_africa referred west_africa undergone restoration times originally founded 17th century according contributed substantially restoration lists endangered sites restoration works revived knowledge mud plaster maintenance mosque old believed locals given gift heaven time result prayers mosque built mud tall towers shape faces forming facade east northeast corner shaped structures fitted timber elements location mosque located islamic town close town situated kilometers north kilometers south mole national park entrance history according legend islamic trader named dream staying near mystic stone instructing build mosque strangely found foundations place proceeded construct mosque completed believed remains buried tree mosque unlike situated urban settings west_africa mosque comparatively small rural like usually conceived single loosely based styles seen great mosque order achieve physical resemblance architecture incorporate large buttresses order compensate poorer quality building materials ancient highly revered oldest place pilgrimage considered west_africa 1970s mixture sand cement applied external faces mosque hoping protect mosque getting damaged wind rain treatment resulted substantial damage building moisture trapped walls built mud started deterioration process structure wooden supports humid conditions resulted mosque collapsing repair work caused structural elements exterior mosque owing effect prevailing winds rains walls mosque needed renovations restoration work years altered exterior designs september severe storm destroyed result placed mosque world monuments watch considering damage sustained inappropriate restoration 1970s decided fully restore mosque sought advice architectural firm based france expertise building structures renovation work supported grant fund local community provided support conservation process involved removal earlier cement plaster surfaces mosque wooden structural components replaced reconstructed portal redone interior exterior surfaces traditional way renovation resulted state conservation site involving team local labourers helped restore monument special emphasis reviving knowledge mud plaster maintenance features like built traditional architectural style local materials construction techniques mosque built mud measures metres metres towers shape faces forming facade east northeast corner addition buttresses conical shape external walls strengthened horizontally aligned timber elements architectural style known flat architecture structures given white wash mosque old believed locals given gift heaven time result prayers local community supported tourism project generate funds meeting maintenance expenses mosque improve economic conditions people | Larabanga Mosque | Art and architecture | Architecture | Architecture – Religious |
26863_AkhtalaMonastery | armenian georgian known armenian meaning 10th century fortified monastery located town kilometers north monastery currently inactive fortress played major role protecting north western regions armenia preserved modern armenia main church compound famous highly artistic cover inside walls building modern recorded royal decree etymology believed origin meaning white original armenian settlement monastery built means copper fortress french archaeologist discovered rectangular stone cultural items clay bronze iron near dating 8th century settlement modern known 5th century fortress certainly built bronze foundations built late tenth century branch originated pronounced local dialect son patrons monasteries located far king iii brothers king kingdom armenia reached peak prosperity iii established strategic reasons brother depicted sculptures patrons kingdom fell result raids migrated maintained ties ancestral fortress compound fortress built elevated rocky surrounded deep sides forming natural protection somewhat accessible parts cliffs reinforced towers walls entrance compound northern protected bell shaped towers walls walls towers fortress built bluish lime mortar gradually lost influence grasp end 12th century monastic life revived heading combined georgian armenian forces liberated armenia 13th century historians called area copper rich copper deposits surroundings writes following brother died year buried near church built taking making georgian monastery property brother armenian accepted georgian court monasteries northern armenia converted greek prominent example monastery enhanced georgian court gained influence inhabited northern began lose control starting disastrous invasions georgia armenia son forced recognize leader rule continued interrupted successive conquests tribes tribe began attacking took control armenia proper rule interrupted conquests cliffs surrounds known named according local tradition buried wives cliff late 18th century monastery serviced ethnic greeks settled order work gold silver mines roughly greek families moved ottoman_empire greeks called monastery greek miners left inscriptions monastery walls 19th century taken armenian family currently monastery pilgrimage days september greeks visit monastery occasion ambassador greece visited monastery september ore mining processing plant dumping copper pit monastery classified threat local residents holy mother god church main building monastic compound holy mother god church exact date building church unknown generally regarded century complex current church built earlier foundation mentions buried church refers church modern researchers date murals church princess daughter record found place called adjacent refers construction god church inscription states following daughter erected honor remember prayers constructed main church according local lore church built 7th century byzantine emperor armenian extraction legend assumes church built 5th century georgian king reasonable evidence support story church contain cross according folklore john baptist jesus christ father prince said given later sold large sum monastery church situated middle fortress territory longitudinal axis belongs type churches join pairs arches divided longitudinal stretched prayer hall central double eastern ends low staged half rounded end characterized stylish theme variety different colors blue dominant vertical axis building crowned massive dome pointed dome cylindrical drum survived damaged invasion completely demolished invaded 19th century prince built semi spherical wooden dome covered iron sheets place original dome dome renovated soviet years murals murals best representations byzantine art outside traditional borders byzantium majority murals bear scriptures greek murals painted patronage parallels drawn murals 11th century armenian miniature paintings coloring murals characteristic typical byzantine art thematic solutions armenian new old scenes saints including depicted murals large image depicted dome holding jesus mural badly damaged parts survived holy virgin communion shown jesus depicted twice turning right left sharing bread images peter john paul matthew survived common christians saints depicted communion scene including son gregory jacob rome gregory murals western wall depict northern wall depicts trial jesus high priest roman murals renovated arches columns covered murals structures prominent structure holy mother god church rectangular attached western wall church remaining section façade main church situated immediately ridge roof son buried inside small structure lean roof attached northern wall main church store ceremonial items north western monastery single nave ridge church located detached main church building hasn survived located numerous dilapidated dwellings auxiliary structures scattered territory fortress story building believed residence guards traditional networks tunnels water wine found monasteries medieval armenia far monastery find medieval monuments holy trinity monastery church 13th century spring monument 19th century russian chapel greek church known residents inscriptions nearby point monastery headed prominent figure resided monastery translator simon diaries survived born clergyman years monastery translating byzantine theological literature collaborated armenian faith simon compiled volume works diary reads completed book preserved old copy translated clergyman simon lived armenia near lore town book translated reign founder monastery god grant sons long life simon translated armenian elements theology ladder divine ascent john history georgia simon noted diaries translated works previously translated armenian prominent armenian filmmaker 20th century filmed episodes film color monastery gallery | Akhtala Monastery | Art and architecture | Architecture | Architecture – Religious |
27123_StEdern'sChurch,Bodedern | church church referred church medieval parish church village north wales established church area 6th century oldest parts present building date 14th century subsequent alterations include addition windows 15th century chancel porch 19th century nave walls largely rebuilt stained glass inserted windows chancel church contains 6th century inscribed stone found near village medieval font 17th century decorated wooden panels oxford connected church owns pieces 19th century church silver dated lost time 19th century 18th century gallery west end rests oak previously support church worship combined parish vicar parish september grade listed building national designation given particularly important buildings special interest particular regarded good example late medieval church character maintained late 19th century restoration rebuilding work retaining medieval fabric windows history location village wales miles port town known welsh variant spelling recorded welsh son grandson 6th century king appears knights king arthur collection medieval welsh prose tales established church area 6th century site half mile away present building means church pen means head excavations early 1970s revealed cemetery 5th 6th century village takes saint welsh prefix means dwelling present building stands churchyard centre north church street medieval origin later additions alterations oldest nave described essentially 14th century rebuilt restoration work architect diocese churches rebuilt restored 19th century remained untouched kennedy responsible work carried 1840s 1890s north wall rebuilt tops windows feet south wall left work nave windows inserted 15th century chancel east end porch south west corner chapel north east corner nave added extensive work cost worship anglican church wales parish churches combined churches incumbent priest september church diocese church time ecclesiastical daughter church right patronage power appoint rector associated churches right receive income church bequeathed jesus college oxford college patron parish welsh church act came force church wales writer noted college fund support poor clergy recently paid new recorded college received rent charge shillings year parish instead receiving college donated restoration work architecture fittings construction layout built perpendicular style local stone blocks cut sandstone external face roof slate stone west end bell dating probably 17th century external south east nave help support weight building crosses roof porch east end nave chancel roofs church entrance arched outer doorway porch 15th century pointed inner door set square frame described architectural guide roof porch medieval wood nave bays measures feet inches feet inches gallery west end supported oak date inscribed according 19th century writer old previously rested beams supporting gallery late medieval internal roof exposed chancel feet raised steps nave separated victorian pointed arch victorian arch nave north second steps leading chancel sanctuary east end decorated tiles welsh words wash passion away innocence altar lord windows windows south nave west porch set pointed frame square frames middle easternmost date originally 15th century 19th century north pointed doorway early 14th century 19th century window west 15th century windows lights sections window separated east west wall 15th century window chancel east window 15th century lights headed leaf pattern decorated 19th century glass depicting ascension south chancel north 19th century windows south chancel window lights headed leaf pattern geometric patterns glass east south chancel stained glass memory wife son daughter died mid-19th century priest vicar parish predecessors lower position depicted luke gospel receives jesus family visit birth jesus event celebrated presentation jesus temple north light window north depicting windows lights east west sides window fittings pieces 17th century possibly dutch origin panel screen nave chancel decorated carved flowers fruit leaf screen altar carved upper section rectangular pulpit reading desk communion rail table panels communion rail set wooden columns decorated fruit flowers topped long decorated leaf panels came possibly college chapel renovated architect disused gallery library previously ran tops chapel college described chancel containing startling panels fashion heavily stone dating 6th century inscribed kept discovered excavations site font medieval date plain octagonal bowl set octagonal column memorials include memorial officer died tablet style slate tablet army officer died survey ancient historical monuments wales noted oak communion table oak chairs simple design early 18th century memorials inside outside church 17th 18th centuries survey church plate diocese recorded silver items plain dated dated inscribed author noted church records included mention silver dated references longer found churchyard churchyard contains war grave royal field artillery soldier world war assessment church national recognition statutory protection alteration designated grade listed building second highest grades listing designating particularly important buildings special interest given status april regarded good example late medieval church character maintained late 19th century restoration rebuilding work retaining medieval fabric windows welsh government body responsible built heritage wales inclusion welsh buildings statutory lists notes finely detailed fittings including chancel screen pulpit reading desk 17th century carved panels late 18th century gallery west end descriptions church stood kennedy rebuilding antiquarian described church small ancient structure displaying good architectural details noted contained fine monuments members local families welsh politician church historian sir visited church said church little superior size architecture churches added neat state commented neat uniform clergyman antiquarian wrote church good work details doors windows carefully elaborated compared east window mary church noted east wall beneath window | St Edern's Church, Bodedern | Art and architecture | Architecture | Architecture – Religious |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.