id
stringlengths 8
90
| text
stringlengths 528
58.1k
| page_name
stringlengths 2
99
| topic
stringclasses 15
values | subtopic
stringclasses 45
values | subjects_top_term
stringclasses 279
values |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
15753_TheX-FilesMythology,Volume2–BlackOil
|
volume black oil volume collection second dvd release containing selected episodes fifth seasons american science fiction television series files episodes collected release form middle series mythology centered discovery mind altering extraterrestrial black oil collection contains episodes season fourth season fifth episodes follow investigations paranormal related cases files fbi special agents fox mulder david_duchovny dana_scully gillian_anderson mulder believer paranormal skeptical scully assigned debunk work events covered episodes include assassination secretive informant scully diagnosis cancer mulder apparent suicide production episode included collection required extensive effects titular black oil screen appearance achieved visual effects oil effect digitally placed actors post production mitch_pileggi play supporting roles collection released august collection received positive reviews critics plot summary collection opens episodes investigating evidence alien autopsy fbi special agent fox_mulder david_duchovny secretive government train carriage carrying alien human hybrid mulder killed syndicate operative guarding hybrid saved informant tipped mulder activities agent partner dana_scully gillian_anderson scully meets group women abduction experiences similar meets member syndicate known elder claims abduction placed similar train car experimented japanese scientists crew french salvage ship trying raise world war era submarine sea floor stricken massive radiation burns infected parasitic black oil discovered submarine oil controlling body passes wife travels hong_kong pursuit selling government secrets mulder pursuing mulder catches hong_kong oil passes scully finds submarine involved discovering oil sea floor world war guise finding sunken fighter plane infected makes way missile hide ufo oil escapes body board craft scully tracked man responsible killing sister syndicate suspect members passing information mulder scully organise trap find leak information safety mulder mother bait role informant discovered shot dead able pass informant use mulder special representative secretary general united_nations aid sought mulder attempts reach russia investigate source black oil contamination whilst mulder held successful test subject black oil escapes able return america having found working russians having diagnosed cancer scully unsure future fbi mulder convinced condition result earlier abduction prepared deal syndicate find cure walter_skinner mitch_pileggi secretly makes deal instead pursued assassin responsible hoax alien corpse discovered mulder suicide assassin face provide body uses distraction offers infiltrate pentagon find cure scully cancer scully able uncover reveal syndicate connection fbi background season black oil introduced alien entity invaded bodies living hosts black oil able enter victim mouth eyes nose leave victim body revert original form find new host oil revealed tool colonists brought earth create hosts human population living fourth season episodes conceived writers trying conceive big fun canvas tell stories decided create story connections russian led natural idea russians experimenting separately syndicate create black oil writer felt natural creating arms race like story united_states russia cold war ended years earlier inspiration oil containing rocks nasa announcement possible evidence extraterrestrial life scenes based books day life screen appearance black oil achieved visual effects oil effect digitally placed actors post production crew went find right types according physical effects mix oil believed gave substance look filming fitted mask tubes scene alien black oil leaves body said filming scene horrible scene ended having filmed days later similar scene start episode submarine captain accomplished dummy head decision character killed end season writers felt character decided bigger character series pay price collaborating mulder producers decided gillian_anderson character dana_scully cancer early fourth season carter initially discussed giving scully mother cancer decided scully suffer instead carter felt interesting platform discuss things faith science health care certain element paranormal writing staff felt decision poor citing cheap thing frank_spotnitz felt given appearances cancer stricken previous episodes scully follow suit reception released august collection received generally positive reviews critics slant_magazine rated half stars noting confidence episodes comes price thrill surprise season mythology stories like colony end game replaced suspicion writers starting water singles collection highlight calling overall writing dvd talk impressed collection calling highly recommended felt episodes lacking somewhat episodes max add overall storyline hand felt negatively collection felt interrupted nature episodes caused lack believable pacing noted release feels like blatant cash grab fox milk old franchise episodes special features
|
The X-Files Mythology, Volume 2 – Black Oil
|
Media and drama
|
Television
|
The X-Files series
|
15916_TheX-Files(season2)
|
x-files season second season science fiction television series files commenced airing fox network united_states september concluded channel airing episodes series follows special agents fox_mulder dana_scully portrayed david_duchovny gillian_anderson respectively investigate paranormal supernatural cases known files fbi second season x-files takes place closure department following events season finale addition stand monster week episodes episodes alien conspiracy mythology begun form season introduced recurring characters informant mulder mulder partner turned enemy alien bounty hunter shape shifting assassin storylines widely affected pregnancy actress gillian_anderson decided scully kidnapped abducted aliens explaining absence allowing appear episodes later ultimately added mythology season earned seven primetime emmy award nominations premiere little green men debuted nielsen household rating viewed million households marking noticeable increase viewership previous year series rose number number television year addition second season generally received positive reviews television critics plot overview dana_scully gillian_anderson reassigned teach fox_mulder david_duchovny given surveillance assignments investigates extraterrestrial cases observatory puerto_rico mulder given new partner meets secretive informant mulder recruited assist hostage negotiation alien captures people barry eventually kidnaps scully believing brings original abduction site aliens instead mulder follows delayed revealed mole working cigarette smoking man mulder reaches gone barry insists aliens took dies soon interrogation skinner opens x-files claiming conspirators fear scully turns hospital months later explanation got provides mulder information allowing revenge captors mulder instead convinced scully sister visit scully recovers returns work shortly agents later investigate case involving alien biology injected teenagers wisconsin encounter killer killed local sheriff investigating case involving murder identical doctors agents come alien bounty hunter responsible executing series alien clones case grown woman claiming mulder sister samantha appears telling mulder bounty hunter objectives ability identify scully kidnapped bounty hunter mulder forced trade samantha attempt kill bounty hunter samantha killed discovered simply alien clones samantha help mulder pursues bounty hunter submarine arctic mulder nearly killed exposed toxic blood saved scully downloads decades worth classified information aliens digital tape gives mulder finds entire tape written begins searching tape visits mulder father calls mulder shortly reveal mulder murdered scully brings mulder new_mexico introduces code translate digital tape albert grandson shows mulder filled alien corpses man tracks mulder location orders burned production writing development season premiere originally supposed written series creator chris_carter initial pitch mulder sent moscow fact producers wanted film episode russia able secure appropriate arrangements end carter unable complete script idea featured reopening x-files instead executive producers penned opening premiere little green men episode entry actually alien series delay gave carter time write start entry x-files opened series ended season problem arisen producers pregnancy gillian_anderson played dana_scully network executives wanted role recast carter refused considered having scully giving birth alien child producers decided work anderson pregnancy having abducted appearing episodes later described executive producer frank_spotnitz best thing happened series helped form intricate mythology run writers decided close files end season separate mulder scully earlier episodes season hide anderson pregnancy early episodes producers disguised fancy trick angles trench coats scenes seated standing anderson featured episode giving birth daughter time casting season introduced character played replaced mulder informant following assassination season finale originally intended woman cast role replaced williams writers believe right chemistry stars written different intended selfish scared previously appeared small season gender cast originally intended temporary replacement scully abducted grew character seven seasons production season duchovny asked carter wouldn great like alien bounty hunter carter positive idea acted creating character alien bounty hunter episodes colony end game actor auditioned role casting session competing actor carter time cast character knew casting important intended character recurring character thompson chosen according distinctive look notably face mouth appeared colony end game grown clone version return play samantha clones seasons carter want real samantha straight science fiction ridiculous answers star night sought senator little green men mulder father colony end game roles went respectively agreed play x-files founder season crew carter served executive producer showrunner wrote seven episodes executive producers writing team wrote episodes final season regular writers series return consulting producers season supervising producer wrote episodes frank_spotnitz joined series writing episodes cast member david_duchovny collaborated carter episodes receiving story credit younger brother joined series contributing story episode written older brother writing script solo joined series producer wrote episodes wrote freelance episodes joined series writing episode supervising producer returned wrote episode writing partner returned write freelance episode season contributed freelance episode season line producer production manager promoted producer season continued serve producer producing directors included kim_manners executive producer directed season seven manners series creator chris_carter directed episode making directorial debut directed episode cast main cast david_duchovny special agent fox_mulder episodes gillian_anderson special agent dana_scully episodes appear recurring cast episodes episodes marked double dagger episodes series alien mythology arc reception ratings second season x-files debuted little green men september episode earned nielsen household rating share meaning roughly percent television equipped households percent households watching television tuned episode episode viewed million households increase season finale viewed million households little green men time highest rated episode x-files air season continued ratings began grow season hit high fifteenth episode fresh bones viewed million households season hit low episode viewed million households received rating season finale earned nielsen rating share viewed million households marking percent increase households compared previous season finale series ranked number television season significant increase ratings compared season finished number reviews gave season stars calling memorable season review highlighted host ascension cliffhanger finale unforgettable meeting mulder scully families colony breath ign gave season rating reviewer noting improvement started explore little evolution characters makes product shine begun familiar robert_shearman lars_pearson book wanting believe critical guide lone gunmen rated episodes season highly awarding stars little green men breath irresistible die hand die episodes rated poorly considered particularly poor critics considered ascension breath story arc best season shearman singled highlight season noting intimacy sincerity emotion episodes allowed mythology x-files play seven seasons book examination unauthorized look seasons files named story arc episode x-files wrote day remains defining moment series run sprang forth trio episodes sensational accolades second season earned series seven primetime emmy award nominations including outstanding drama series episode received nominations different categories outstanding guest actress drama series chris_carter outstanding individual achievement writing drama series outstanding individual achievement editing series single camera production outstanding individual achievement sound editing series nominations included outstanding individual achievement cinematography series breath outstanding individual achievement editing series single camera production season earn series wins dvd release
|
The X-Files (season 2)
|
Media and drama
|
Television
|
The X-Files series
|
16128_JohnDoggett
|
fbi special agent fictional character fox science fiction supernatural television series files fbi partners dana_scully season season work x-files concerned cases particularly mysterious possibly supernatural circumstances left shelved fbi played main character eighth ninth seasons replacing david_duchovny character fox_mulder appeared opening credits episode season premiere series finale appearance episode served 1970s 1980s later started working eventually promoted detective son death got job fbi started work assigned files office disappearance mulder introduction met positive reaction critics getting mixed response longtime fans series character arc served 24th final rank serving military good friends fellow played role lebanon development retired marine_corps wounded line duty gaining doctor master degree went work eventually detective warrant section working son played flashbacks abducted murdered teamed special agent working new_york fbi field office time search son killer son death marriage played patrick real life wife barbara ended divorce graduated assumed position fbi special agent agent assigned deputy director head find special agent fox_mulder unsuccessful demoted work time developed bitter similar early relationship mulder walter_skinner initially scully years investigating files cases mulder scully slowly grown believe existence paranormal nonsense agent frequently utilizes earth learned marine cop functioned scully somewhat served mulder old position believer gradually scully came trust degree mulder later returned recovered abduction remained time new partner reyes took charge fired fbi scully left active duty teach care son series finale testified mulder behalf mulder charged murder later reyes narrowly escaped discovered year prior working conspiracy end series reyes likely regular agents appears forced close x-files division appear mentioned files feature film similarly appear receive mention television revival x-files conceptual history actors auditioned role taken seriously producers known actors role agent phillips considered role producers eventually chose interview chris_carter said think talked wrote voice think came voice came head helped large degree casting patrick obligation work series cast series entitled shooting pilot episode carter able broker deal studio paving way patrick portrayal season premiere modeled feature film carter previously named dana_scully los_angeles_dodgers announcer decided new character longtime broadcasting partner homage character got referred producers agent white carter inspired write scene scully throws water face carter aware new actor patrick facing opposition members fan community patrick called scene favorite shot series admitting couldn think better way introduce character scene said lot actually helped introduction new character eighth season main factors influenced series production personnel decide episodes major reason avoid absence mulder reception members fanbase criticized introduction claiming character intentionally created replace previous lead fox_mulder work chris_carter responded denial accuracy claims stated interview npr brings different approach x-files knee couldn different character mulder insider fbi liked mulder course banished basement files agent scully reluctant believer dynamic changes completely awarded saturn award category best television actor role winning nominees work stargate nominated award following year entertainment_weekly reviewer ken_tucker said patrick portrayal brought series overall positive new character new_york_times said fans accepted commented character actually looked like commented absence mulder calling patrick fine actor asserting character way intended direct replacement mulder carter commented character saying everybody likes character continued fans missed david_duchovny character patrick performance saw named sexiest men sci guide
|
John Doggett
|
Media and drama
|
Television
|
The X-Files series
|
16747_TheX-Files(season8)
|
x-files season eighth season american science fiction television series files commenced airing united_states november concluded consisted episodes season takes place fox_mulder david_duchovny alien abduction seventh season story arc search mulder continues second half season new arc dana_scully gillian_anderson pregnancy formed arc continue end season season explores themes life death belief season duchovny elected return intermittent main character appearing half episodes actor hired replacement mulder playing season marked appearance main character ninth season addition cast change series creator chris_carter updated opening credits remained unchanged season season received critics warmly received fans unhappy duchovny reduced role patrick took lead alongside anderson ratings season initially strong eventually averaged total million viewers seventh season million concurrent airing season carter files production team created aired short lived titled plot overview end seventh season finale requiem fox_mulder david_duchovny abducted aliens dana_scully gillian_anderson meets special agent leader fbi organized conduct search mulder search ultimately proves unsuccessful assigned x-files works scully look explanations cases scully learns women reportedly abducted alien babies begins question pregnancy fears child introduces fbi specialist crime shortly mulder deceased body suddenly appears forest night following mulder funeral assistant director walter_skinner mitch_pileggi threatened kill scully baby born multiple disappeared night mulder returned deceased dead body resurrected restored health mulder returns death scully supervising recovery fully mulder investigates files orders soon gets fired leaving charge cases mulder continues provide input unofficial capacity reluctantly accepting assistance mulder skinner learn alien virus recently created secret members united_states government replaced humans including miles high ranking fbi personnel called alien super soldiers claims soldiers virtually aliens want sure humans survive earth learned scully baby special child afraid greater recently learned baby importance told skinner kill child earlier miles arrives fbi headquarters mulder skinner help scully escape reyes drives remote farm shortly skinner kills scully delivers apparently normal baby alien super soldiers surround explanation aliens leave area mulder arrives reyes report fbi headquarters mulder takes scully newborn son william apartment themes eighth season x-files takes place science fiction environment employs common science fiction concepts strongly differentiated characters fighting evil enemy case alien colonists episode season explores loss loneliness pain disappearance mulder included basic themes common series dark terror sense paranoia fear unknown later death resurrection emerged major sub theme season starting gift killed resurrected later mulder brought life apparently dead months sub theme continue ninth season main story arc season dealt idea times humanity greater danger theme manifest syndicate human conspiracy aliens production development series original title sequence crafted season remained unchanged seven seasons partial loss duchovny seventh season finale decision update credits featured premiere episode season opening sequence included new images updated fbi badge photos duchovny anderson addition patrick main cast duchovny badge features opening credits appears episode opening contains images scully pregnancy according frank_spotnitz shows abstract explanation mulder absence season falling eye partial departure duchovny carter decided focus solely character half season led cast critics notably duchovny anderson according book examinations anderson reportedly wasn thrilled lack attention character getting instead writers crafting episodes solely new voice duchovny hand unhappy mulder abduction properly examined reportedly duchovny offered write direct episode based mulder trapped alien spaceship seen season opener carter idea casting seventh season time closure x-files characters written including mulder mother plot threads resolved including fate fox_mulder sister samantha furthermore settling contract dispute duchovny quit contributed likelihood eighth season carter fans felt natural duchovny departure carter penned requiem finale episode seventh season possible series finale minute new season ordered duchovny agreed star time returning episodes instead change producers found difficult write duchovny character script eventually explain mulder absence upcoming season eventually decided character abducted aliens hoping continue series carter introduced new central character replace mulder actors auditioned role considered producers phillips played previous episode x-files considered role producers eventually choose season introduced portrayed main character following season crew chris_carter served executive producer showrunner season wrote wrote bulk episodes season episodes written executive producer frank_spotnitz carter wrote episodes solo wrote episodes solo rest writing staff contributed episodes promoted executive producer wrote episode promoted executive producer wrote episode promoted producer wrote episode promoted executive story editor wrote episode promoted executive story editor wrote episodes promoted story editor wrote episodes wrote freelance episode series previously returned contribute story episode kim_manners promoted executive producer directed episodes season seven directors directed multiple episodes season included directed directed directed directed episode carter directed single episode writer directorial debut cast main cast david_duchovny special agent fox_mulder episodes gillian_anderson special agent dana_scully episodes special agent episodes appearing episodes duchovny listed credited starring opening credits episodes appeared appear gift archived footage recurring cast starring mitch_pileggi walter_skinner episodes episodes episodes guest starring episodes episodes marked double dagger episodes series alien mythology arc reception ratings reportedly patrick cast hopes featured role judgment day attract great year old male demographic early fox executives reported percent overall increase demographic solely patrick casting season episode earned nielsen household rating meaning seen nation estimated households episode viewed million viewers marked decrease seventh season opener sixth extinction highest rated episode season happening viewed million viewers making watched episode series terms viewers sixth extinction season finale existence earned nielsen household rating meaning seen nation estimated households episode watched million viewers overall episodes season feature mulder averaged million viewers episodes feature mulder averaged million viewers difference million season averaged total million viewers seventh season million companies paying fox second spot air acts x-files information technology companies buying commercials largely fact weekly fix science fiction prime time reviews eighth season received mixed positive reviews critics noted seasons x-files good great eighth season new search mulder story arc gave season favorable review calling great describing episodes pretty strong dvd times said season included hits misses overall negative mythology episodes claiming weakest episodes season critics eventually accepted character new_york_times said fans accepted introduction character stated actually looked like secret service agent carter commented character saying everybody likes character stating fans miss duchovny character mulder sfx called patrick superb noted entrance series sense good old fashioned plain speaking didn realise missing got entertainment_weekly reviewer ken_tucker said patrick portrayal giving positive reviews inclusion hollywood reporter described season swan song reviews positive popmatters gave negative review season claiming patrick cast calling david_duchovny appearances fox_mulder shallow criticized season recycling plots featuring mulder falling scully eye opening credits noting gives duchovny lingering presence reinforcing patrick kind accolades happening nominated award cinematography won saturn award category best television actor role year gillian_anderson nominated category best actress television series nominated category television series saturn awards failed win anderson nominated screen actors guild award year category outstanding performance female actor drama series x-files won emmy award received nomination outstanding cinematography single camera series dvd release
|
The X-Files (season 8)
|
Media and drama
|
Television
|
The X-Files series
|
17367_AlvinKersh
|
fictional character fox science fiction television series files serves figure authority series introduced assistant director later promoted post deputy director acts antagonist prevents special agents fox mulder dana_scully investigating cases dealing paranormal dubbed files played appeared guest role episodes series sixth season returning recurring character eighth ninth seasons creation driven need place pressure character walter_skinner character met mixed negative critical responses initially positively received coming considered note role series progressed series ensemble cast earned nomination work character arc appearance series sixth season opening episode beginning assistant director temporarily supervisor agents fox mulder david_duchovny dana_scully gillian_anderson assigned away files division time smoking man seen office reminiscent silent presence walter_skinner office early seasons assigned mulder scully tasks terrorist details federal background checks investigate file charge expenses incurred case forcing pay pocket attempted separate mulder scully believing mulder threw away promising career criminal scully career saved mulder scully reassigned files office continued climb ladder culminating assignment deputy director long promotion mulder abducted aliens beginning eighth season assigned run mulder failed assigned files scully mulder found happening mulder returned refused assign x-files keeping position mulder pursued unauthorized case prepared fire mulder accepted responsibility dismissed fbi shortly mulder disappeared saw late night meeting conspirators brought help investigate involvement mulder disappearance investigation turned convinced involved conspiracy insisted actually protecting mulder ninth season man key seen company like smoking man end showed heroic series finale truth helped skinner free mulder military prison following permanently close x-files superiors conceptual history character named characters favourite film series creator chris_carter according writer producer frank_spotnitz creation character writers create characters series pressure walter_skinner reflecting casting called great find adding times course series got lucky actors cast guest parts kept bringing wonderful happened mitch_pileggi walter_skinner happened fantastic actor like person transformed play thought viewer weekly watching sixth season great sense final moments son essentially tells mulder right precisely thing wanted behave way prepared role observing real life counterparts fbi los_angeles office according actor useful thing learned people level bureau years reached positions fbi hierarchy taking work seriously system good reason portrayed recognized character military men marines depicted united_states navy weapons officer vietnam war patrick director kim_manners thought come week nail stuff regardless going similarly frank_spotnitz thought chemistry loved playing scenes think scenes finest ones years reception writing felt positively introduction saying fond memories recurring character section chief played reacted positive performance eighth season saying story thanks walter_skinner salon writer writing review ninth season noted black character death season positive character development ninth season season overall writing cinefantastique character introduction called fine addition cast series describing portrayal strong presence review eighth season years later vitaris described note characters series robert_shearman lars_pearson book wanting believe critical guide lone gunmen describe return eighth season contrived shearman pearson noted character effective number x-files cases hardly considered lead villain nominated screen actors guild award outstanding performance ensemble drama series work alongside gillian_anderson david_duchovny mitch_pileggi
|
Alvin Kersh
|
Media and drama
|
Television
|
The X-Files series
|
21166_TheX-Files(season9)
|
x-files season ninth season american science fiction television series files commenced airing united_states november concluded consists episodes season takes place fox_mulder david_duchovny goes hiding following events eighth season finale existence main season follows dana_scully gillian_anderson hunt reveal government conspiracy creating super soldiers season series leads duchovny anderson scaled involvement starring episodes formed season finale truth reyes central characters recurring character walter_skinner mitch_pileggi main character series creator chris_carter hopes continue new leads opening credits accordingly redesigned season received mixed reviews critics garnered negative reaction long time fans viewers partially duchovny regular appearances fulfilling contract previous season year ratings season fell dramatically critics season storylines cast crew ascribed september attacks fox eventually decided cancel series airing season carter files production team created aired titled unsuccessful cancelled story arcs resolved files episode jump shark written closure series x-files storyline continued theatrical film files want believe later tenth season plot overview eighth season finale existence fox_mulder david_duchovny goes hiding dana_scully gillian_anderson reassigned new fbi partner files office asks scully help case involving official died car forced bridge woman picked walter_skinner mitch_pileggi travel plant looking links work death illegal autopsy sends locate investigation plant leads unknown woman identity later revealed marine associates reveals super soldier leads clandestine laboratory secret experiment taking place board naval ship later find connections experiments ship scully child william scully begins miss mulder complete stranger shadow man offers service drive mulder hiding scully takes offer gets mulder danger shadow man revealed super soldier bent killing scully mulder chase quarry shadow man destroyed exposed later scully reyes find evidence dangerous ufo cult uncovered second spacecraft similar scully studied africa years ago fbi agents enlist help protect scully son learn cult intends kill child cult successful kidnapping child concurrent events run car sends hospital man try uncover plans agents scully reyes leave washington find scully son finds strange man files office believing mulder scully dna tested results reveal pattern mulder man sticks needle william agents believe virus kind later revealed cure william powers unnamed man later revealed mulder half brother season finale mulder returns hiding attempts finding classified information army base caught allegedly killing apparently super soldier causes tried military tribunal help reyes mulder breaks mulder scully travel new_mexico find old wise man later revealed cigarette smoking man tells aliens begin planet december appears killed missile launched command revealed alive mulder scully escape run fbi final scene season features room facing uncertain possibly hopeful future production development following eighth season x-files david_duchovny announced completely leaving future air ninth season members knew creator chris_carter return season said encouraged members crew continue series eventually crew members began develop new scripts ideas ninth season excited carter new found enthusiasm eventually caused carter sign contract fox year likewise anderson signed minute contract extension lasting end specifically stated leave following conclusion season changes cast ninth seasons reyes series new leads executive producer frank_spotnitz speculated extend tenth possibly eleventh season able attract audience lost viewers eventually cancelled fox news impending end series crew members decided wrap long running plots final episode feature served facto series finale cancelled x-files spin series lone gunmen executive producer writer frank_spotnitz fight episode studio informed want bring characters capacity fox reportedly hated characters similarly release written create closure story murder son crew actors range opinions finale truth carter said finale end don chance better wanted episode things distract going band breaking said feel like big movie set location enormous budget came davis said great brought finale found way said remember day set shot scene goodbye family crew standing looking saying okay ahead big guy tough patrick said pretty sad emotions imagine chapter closing moving new exciting going miss kim_manners called final scene truly emotional experiences witnessed life lead actor duchovny said ways didn leave nice able happy able come finish casting important happened today style opening credits changed original credits previous seasons credits included new graphics new cards addition cast portray new recurring character assistant director fbi written new villain man cast intended recurring character pregnant filming season premiere high risk pregnancy leave series departure duchovny garnered criticism fans critics alike saying bond mulder scully actually kept seven seasons realizing importance series chris_carter crew opened negotiations duchovny hopes reprise character finale initially unsure appear eventually elected return said impression talking cares invested certainly cares mulder think recognized best thing audience come closure years series duchovny return finale returned write direct episode william small cameo episode appearing reflection scully eye episodes later duchovny returned actor season finale truth crew chris_carter served executive producer showrunner season wrote episodes including season premiere season finale important episodes continued executive producer wrote seven episodes plus receiving story credit additional episode continued executive producer wrote episodes promoted executive producer wrote episodes plus receiving story credit additional episode promoted supervising producer wrote episodes promoted executive story editor wrote episodes writer joined writing staff story editor wrote episodes duchovny received story credit single episode manners continued executive producer directed episodes season including season finale directed episodes series creator chris_carter directed episodes executive producer series writer directorial debuts directing episode series writers frank_spotnitz directed episode previously directing episodes previous season remaining episodes directed cast member david_duchovny cast main cast gillian_anderson special agent dana_scully episodes special agent episodes special agent episodes mitch_pileggi assistant director walter_skinner episodes david_duchovny fox_mulder episodes credited episodes appears appearing season finale duchovny listed opening credits small uncredited cameo william appears archive footage trust jump shark recurring cast starring episodes episodes episode guest starring episodes episodes marked double dagger episodes series alien mythology arc reception ratings episode season important happened today gathered million viewers second gathered million viewers series finale truth aired confirmed x-files renewed tenth season talking beginning ninth season chris_carter said lost audience episode like audience gone away didn know find didn want work believed deserved truth received highest nielsen household rating viewership numbers season earned rating gathered million viewers united_states loss viewers resulted season seeing percent ratings drop compared eighth season reviews popmatters commenting series finale said good x-files long pale reflection ign positive ninth season saying series aired writers created new storyline character x-files crew continued seen critics salon magazine negative new season new female lead calling new female presence entertainment_weekly reviewer ken_tucker said operated called territory chris_carter understand complex new_york_times concluded writing notwithstanding culmination beautifully complicated friendship mulder scully ended remaining interest phenomenon review new_york_times said imaginative television finally reached limits imagination listed ninth season film files want believe bad apple files describing ninth season clumsy mash stuff worked new serialized storylines called super soldiers book denying truth files noted season great reputation viewers argued season contains hidden gems praised episodes dealt new material criticising entries focusing heavily characters years gone dvd release
|
The X-Files (season 9)
|
Media and drama
|
Television
|
The X-Files series
|
24227_TheX-Files
|
x-files x-files american science fiction horror drama television series created chris_carter program originally aired september fox spanning seasons episodes feature film returning second film episode tenth season series revolves fbi special agents fox_mulder david_duchovny dana_scully gillian_anderson investigate files cases involving paranormal phenomena mulder believes existence aliens paranormal scully medical doctor assigned scientific analyses mulder discoveries debunk work return mainstream cases early series agents larger conflict come trust select people develop close relationship begins friendship romance end series addition series spanning story arc monster week episodes form roughly thirds episodes x-files inspired series featured elements suspense speculative fiction including twilight zone night gallery tales especially night creating main characters carter sought reverse gender stereotypes making mulder believer scully seven seasons featured duchovny anderson equally seasons anderson took precedence duchovny appeared intermittently new main characters introduced fbi agents mulder scully boss assistant director walter_skinner mitch_pileggi main character seasons x-files filmed produced vancouver british_columbia eventually moving los_angeles accommodate duchovny series later returned vancouver film files want believe tenth season series x-files hit fox network received largely positive reviews long term story arc criticized near conclusion initially considered cult series turned pop culture tapped public governments large institutions embraced conspiracy theories spirituality series lead actors duchovny anderson received multiple awards nominations end longest running science fiction series television history series spawned franchise includes lone gunmen spin theatrical films accompanying merchandise final theatrical film fans continued push movie conclude series plot lines march fox eventually announced series return chris_carter executive producer writer duchovny anderson davis reprising roles revival premiered january premise general files follows careers personal lives fbi special agents fox mulder david_duchovny dana_scully gillian_anderson mulder talented strong believer supernatural adamant existence intelligent extraterrestrial life presence earth set beliefs earns nickname assignment little known department deals cases known x-files belief paranormal springs claimed abduction sister mulder abduction drives mulder series desires revelation truths kept hidden human authorities mulder struggles maintain investigations agent scully foil mulder regard medical doctor natural scully approaches cases complete detachment mulder despite considerable training loses initial task debunk mulder theories supplying logical scientific explanations cases apparently phenomena frequently able offer scientific alternatives mulder rarely able completely course series increasingly dissatisfied ability approach cases scientifically mulder abduction hands aliens seventh season finale requiem scully reluctant believer manages explain paranormal science episodes deal relationship mulder scully originally later develops romantically mulder scully joined late series mulder abducted replaces scully partner helps search later involving reyes professional knowledge x-files ends mulder secretly subjected military tribunal breaking secret military facility viewing plans alien invasion colonization earth found guilty escapes punishment help agents scully mythology progressed key episodes called parts recognized mythology series canon episodes carried extraterrestrial conspiracy storyline evolved series monster week abbreviated came denote remainder x-files episodes episodes comprising majority series dealt paranormal phenomena including science fiction technologies horror monsters comedic elements main story arc involves agents efforts uncover government conspiracy hide existence earth sinister collaboration governments mysterious men comprising shadow element government known syndicate major villains series late series revealed syndicate acts liaison mankind group intends destroy human species usually represented ruthless killer politician failed novelist series principal antagonist series goes mulder scully learn evidence alien invasion piece piece revealed plan virus known black oil mankind turn population world slave race syndicate having deal spared aliens working develop alien human hybrid able withstand effects black oil group secretly working overcome black oil revealed parts season film counter alien colonization effort faction aliens rebels working stop alien colonization eventually season episodes fathers son rebels manage destroy syndicate colonists human dispatch super soldiers beings resemble humans alien parts season season manage replace key individuals government forcing mulder scully hiding cast characters main characters fox_mulder seasons main season intermittent lead portrayed david_duchovny mulder oxford educated fbi special agent believes existence government conspiracy hide truth works files office concerned cases marked involve supernatural mysterious circumstances mulder considers x-files important study life main purpose abduction aliens end season seven role diminished work taken agent appeared episode film files film files want believe dana_scully seasons main portrayed gillian_anderson scully fbi special agent medical doctor scientist mulder partner contrast scully basing beliefs scientific explanations despite rigid skepticism catholic faith plays important role episodes series progresses open possibility paranormal eighth season position files office taken agent scully moves teach new fbi agents appeared x-files feature films walter_skinner seasons recurring season intermittent lead portrayed mitch_pileggi skinner fbi assistant director served vietnam war time shot killed young boy carrying explosives incident life skinner originally mulder scully direct supervisor later serves position reyes originally portrayed somewhat antagonistic eventually close friend mulder scully appeared episode x-files feature films seasons main portrayed fbi special agent makes appearance season episode served 1970s 1980s later started work reaching rank detective son death joined fbi assigned files unit scully partner unsuccessful task force attempt find mulder appear x-files feature films season recurring season main season guest portrayed reyes fbi special agent born raised mexico_city folklore mythology earned master degree religious studies fbi assignment serving special task force investigating rituals longtime friend partner scully departure appear x-files feature films recurring characters cigarette smoking man seasons portrayed series primary villain ninth season episodes william truth suggested mulder biological father seventh season episode requiem believed killed pushed flight stairs ninth season finale truth mulder scully travel remote new_mexico reach wise man lives revealed cigarette smoking man appears feature film sixth episodes season seasons portrayed russian american son cold war immigrants introduced fbi special agent assigned temporary investigation partner fox_mulder proceeds work mulder attempts gain trust later evident actually undercover agent working cigarette smoking man plays important events harmful mulder scully seasons portrayed assigned x-files fox_mulder forced leave son cigarette smoking man wife multiple possibly half brother mulder initially thought murdered returned ninth season helped scully son william seasons portrayed assistant director later deputy director temporarily supervisor agents fox mulder dana_scully assigned away files division time man visit office assigned mulder scully tasks terrorist details federal background checks largely antagonistic mulder scully truth somewhat helping mulder escape capital punishment production conception california native chris_carter given opportunity produce new shows fox network early 1990s tired comedies working report million americans abducted aliens scandal 1970s horror series night triggered idea x-files wrote pilot episode carter initial pitch x-files rejected fox executives concept returned weeks later commissioned pilot carter worked producer develop pilot drawing stylistic inspiration documentary thin blue line british television series prime suspect inspiration came carter memories twilight zone silence provided impetus framing series agents fbi order provide characters plausible reason involved case carter believed present carter determined relationship leads strictly basing interactions characters series early 1990s series major influence dark atmosphere surreal blend drama irony duchovny appeared cross dressing agent mulder character seen parallel fbi agent producers writers cited president men days close encounters kind raiders lost thing boys brazil silence influences carter use continuous takes triangle modeled rope addition episodes written referred referenced films casting duchovny worked los_angeles years prior x-files wanted focus feature films manager gave script pilot episode files green duchovny convinced good script auditioned lead duchovny audition terrific talked slowly casting director positive carter thought particularly intelligent asked duchovny imagine fbi agent future episodes duchovny turned best read people carter knew anderson auditioned role scully couldn script recalled network wanted established taller actress scully year old anderson theater veteran minor film experience auditions carter felt choice carter insisted anderson kind nonsense integrity role required portraying scully anderson won numerous major awards screen actors guild award golden globe award character walter_skinner played actor mitch_pileggi unsuccessfully auditioned roles characters x-files getting fact asked audition recurring role slightly discovered reason previously cast roles carter unable characters actor head auditioned walter_skinner mood allowed small hair grow attitude fit skinner character causing carter assume actor pretending later realized lucky cast earlier roles believed appeared single episode missed opportunity play recurring role seventh season aired duchovny filed lawsuit 20th century fox upset claimed fox rights costing huge sums money eventually lawsuit settled duchovny awarded settlement million lawsuit strain duchovny professional relationships carter duchovny contracted work series seventh season fox entered negotiations near end season order bring board eighth season settling contract dispute duchovny quit time participation seventh season contributed likelihood eighth season carter fans felt natural duchovny departure decided mulder abducted end seventh seasons return episodes following year producers announced new character fill mulder role actors auditioned role seriously considered producers chose carter believed series continue years new leads opening credits accordingly redesigned seasons emphasize new actors finally listed main character presence series ratings boost network executives hoping eighth season episode happening marked appearance played main character season character developed introduced anderson possible departure end eighth season anderson stayed end series regular minor recurring characters early influence x-files mythology led introduction popular secondary characters continued years episodes written scully father william mother margaret sister conspiracy inspired trio lone gunmen secondary characters trio introduced season episode way mulder appear credible originally meant appear episode popularity returned second season episode blood recurring characters man portrayed initially cast extra pilot episode character grew main antagonist filming early stages production carter founded began plan filming pilot los_angeles unable find suitable locations scenes decided good forests moved production vancouver soon realized production crew season require filming location sound stages second location manager needed remained vancouver seasons production shifted los_angeles beginning sixth season duchovny unhappy geographical separation wife discontent popularly attributed frustration climatic conditions vancouver anderson wanted return united_states carter relented following fifth season season ended end final episode shot vancouver revival final episode involvement original crew members including director producer wife played later return briefly files crew returned vancouver film files want believe according film script written specifically city surrounding areas los_angeles changes scenes occurred original x-files crew gone new production designer editor writer director producer joined stayed years new director photography episodes generally drier brighter look california sunshine climate compared vancouver rain fog temperate forests early sixth season producers took advantage new location setting new parts country example drive man subject unexplained illness action episode unusual x-files largely set nevada stark desert roads episode set nevada time area episode largely filmed club movie ranch located outskirts lancaster california sixth ninth seasons filmed los_angeles series second movie files want believe filmed vancouver revival music music composed got involved x-files friendship executive producer initially carter candidates little dozen people considered continued press snow auditioned times sign production staff wanted day snow agent called talking pilot episode got job theme files instrumental sections dramas theme song famous whistle effect inspired track soon album meat murder attempting craft theme different sound effects snow rack mount synth effect called joe hearing effect carter taken noted going good according truth segment season dvd snow created echo effect track accident felt revisions right carter walked room snow hand keyboard frustration accidentally activated echo effect setting resulting riff pleased carter snow said sound keyboard second episode marked snow debut solo composer entire episode production crew determined limit music early episodes likewise theme song appeared snow tasked composing score x-files films films marked appearance real instruments previous music digitally crafted snow snow soundtrack film files original motion picture score released second film snow recorded 20th century fox recorded new version theme music end credits unusual sounds created variation silly piano strings snow commented fast percussion featured tracks inspired track quartet blood soundtrack soundtrack score files want believe original motion picture score released opening sequence opening sequence season remained unchanged duchovny left carter sought title opening supernatural images scenes notably include split screen image seed terror filled face created carter found video operator able create effect sequence extremely popular won particularly pleased sequence felt seen television premiere episode season revealed major change opening credits patrick sequence new images updated photos duchovny anderson duchovny appears opening credits appears episode carter production staff saw duchovny departure chance change things replacement shows pictures scully pregnancy according executive producer frank_spotnitz sequence features abstract way showing mulder absence eighth season falls eye season featured entirely new sequence anderson wanted sequence featured reyes skinner duchovny return ninth season finale truth marked largest number cast members featured opening credits sequence ends tagline truth majority episodes tagline changes specific episodes relevant episode trust examples include deny ascension dies believe understand closure watching trust end struggle broadcast release episodes nielsen ratings pilot premiered september reached million viewers season progressed ratings began increase season finale garnered million viewers season ranked shows television season series second season increased ratings trend continue seasons finished 63rd shows ratings spectacular series attracted fans receive label cult hit particularly fox standards importantly great gains age demographic sought year series ranked 55th viewed average million viewers increase seven percent second season making fox rated program year old demographic episodes fourth season aired friday night fourth episode aired sunday night remained sunday end season hit high twelfth episode chosen lead program following super bowl episode viewed million viewers series highest rated episode fifth season debuted november viewed million people making highest rated non special broadcast episode series season ranked eleventh watched series year average million viewers series highest rated season fox highest rated program season sixth season premiered beginning watched million viewers ended season lower numbers previous season beginning decline continue final years x-files fox highest rated year seventh season originally intended ranked 29th watched year million viewers time lowest rated year season episode season viewed million viewers episode marked decrease seventh season opener sixth extinction ninth season opener important happened today attracted million viewers series lowest rated season premiere original series finale truth attracted million viewers series lowest rated season finale ninth season 63rd watched season tying season rank finale aired fox network confirmed x-files talking beginning ninth season carter said lost audience episode like audience gone away didn know find didn want work believed deserved news outlets cited declining ratings lackluster stories poor writing files production crew blamed september terrorist attacks main factor end x-files longest running consecutive science fiction series broadcast television record later surpassed stargate debut episode revival struggle aired january watched million viewers terms viewers highest rated episode x-files air eighth season episode happening watched million viewers streaming taken account struggle seen million viewers scoring nielsen rating season ended struggle viewed million viewers total season viewed average million viewers ranked seventh watched television series year making highest ranked season x-files air foreign broadcast time started broadcasts x-files solid performer video stores japan sales x-files hit japan rated time slot average rating season american produced series succeed japan decade program regular primetime spot japanese television network initial year run films successful seasons carter wanted tell story series wider scale ultimately turned feature film later explained main problem create story require viewer familiar broadcast series movie filmed hiatus fourth fifth seasons shoots conducted filming fifth season demands actors schedules episodes fifth season focused leads summer eponymous files known released crew intended movie continuation season finale end meant stand season premiere beginning began film ended film written carter directed series regular addition skinner featured guest appearances appeared film featured appearance characters introduced fifth season finale appear film film strong domestic opening received positive reviews critics attendance dropped sharply weekend failed profit theatrical release large promotional budget x-files film successful internationally eventually worldwide theatrical box office total reached million film production cost budgets close million unlike series anderson duchovny received equal pay film november carter decided pursue second film adaptation production slated begin ninth season projected release december april carter reiterated desire studio desire sequel film planned write script summer begin production spring summer release carter described film independent series saying looking movies stand necessarily going deal mythology directed episodes x-files past film expressed interest sequel carter took job authored script carter second film based series files fight future filming began december vancouver finished march film released united_states july interview entertainment_weekly carter said want believe proved successful propose movie return television series mythology focus alien invasion series occur december film grossed million opening day united_states opened fourth weekend box office chart gross million end theatrical run grossed domestically additional internationally total worldwide gross domestic releases finished place film stars claimed timing movie release week highly popular batman film dark knight negatively affected success film received mixed negative reviews metacritic assigns normalized rating reviews mainstream film critics reported mixed average reviews average score based reviews rotten_tomatoes reported listed film critics gave film positive review average rating website wrote critics consensus stating chemistry leads david_duchovny gillian_anderson live televised legacy plot routines hard identify meant believe revival interviews release carter said want believe movie proved successful box office installment going series mythology focusing specifically alien invasion colonization earth ninth season finale occur december october interview david_duchovny likewise said wanted files movie know chance anderson stated august files film looking pretty good july fox approved movie carter duchovny anderson expressed interest new_york comic con held october duchovny anderson reaffirmed carter interested making film anderson saying takes fan encouragement fox interested guess january fox confirmed looking possibility bringing x-files movie limited run television season fox chairman told reporters conversations far logistical early stages series forward carter anderson duchovny board matter ensuring open march confirmed series return series creator chris_carter lead actors david_duchovny gillian_anderson premiered january home video release september wave set tapes released wave sets released covering fourth seasons wave vhs tapes containing episodes total episodes wave waves season example home video release wave drew half season pilot ice eve wave available boxed set unlike later dvd season releases tapes include episode seasons ultimately episodes approximately half total number aired selected carter represent season including nearly mythology arc episodes selected standalone episodes carter briefly introduced episode explanation episode chosen anecdotes set clips later included season dvds wave covering fourth season released carter interviews appeared dvds later seasons waves cards episode seasons released dvd films entire series released dvd early package slim case versions come bonus materials featured original fold versions seasons seven contained bonus materials found original versions episodic dvds released region existence important happened today providence truth episodes released dvd vhs dvd sets released containing main story arc episodes x-files volume abduction volume black oil volume colonization volume boxed set containing seasons film available contains special features initial releases set includes additional disc new bonus features including poster film comic book set collector cards guide episodes seasons film fact set released second film released included release seasons blu ray restored high definition rumored begin late german channel began airing season episodes high definition january april began streaming episodes x-files high definition marking time series available high resolution format north_america october confirmed complete series reissued blu ray set released december spin offs lone gunmen american science fiction television series created carter broadcast fox crafted humorous spin x-files series starred eponymous broadcast march x-files month long hiatus debut episode garnered million viewers ratings began steadily drop program cancelled thirteen episodes episode broadcast june ended cliffhanger partially resolved ninth season episode x-files titled jump shark comic books x-files converted comic book series published fourth seasons initial comic books written solely according types stories dealt characters dealt conspiracy monster week sort stuff cited easiest write saw scully scientist real world faith difference mulder scully mulder believes scully doesn difference procedure manner mulder viewpoint written valid scully scully science portrayed convincing mulder ideas eventually fired authors took job published regular issues x-files days night files cross graphic novel published follows mulder scully alaska investigate series murders linked vampires announced x-files return comic book form season published series follows mulder scully events released june wrote series provided artwork later announced carter executive producer series providing feedback creative team scripts outlines new stories line existing going canon series restarted series mythology arc story focused seek ing bring mythology alien conspiracy date paranoid post terror post society addition sequels popular monster week episodes concluded july issues august comic book began published issue series served continuation chris_carter comic book series issues written illustrated influence critical reception overall files received positive reviews television critics calling best series aired american television 1990s british newspaper independent called greatest cult shows modern television time magazine called cultural 1990s orlando sentinel said series grown cult favorite television classic evening herald said overwhelming influence television shows simpsons entertainment_weekly listed best cult shows past years describing sci fans conspiracy area pilgrims ratings improved year seasons mulder scully believer versus dynamic created template heavy use today x-files ranked guide cult shows ranked 37th best television time episodes final small potatoes respectively ranked guide greatest episodes time guide included list greatest dramas time ranked list best series time time included list best shows time entertainment_weekly named fourth best piece science fiction media fourth best years named fourth best piece science fiction list history empire magazine ranked best history claiming best episode season entry outer space according guardian research discovered x-files list innovative brands announced truth britain best known quotes x-files criticized presenting paranormal supernatural ideas notably person fox_mulder instance wrote files systematically anti rational view world virtue persistence seven seasons pilot episode generally received fans critics variety criticized episode reworked concepts praised production noted potential acting variety said duchovny scientist sense humor win partisans anderson connects solid team variety praised writing direction cool direction carter ingenious script presentation sci boost magazine concluded carter dialogue fresh self conscious characters involving series kicks drive imagination innovative recent entertainment_weekly said scully set pilot progressed belief season airing episodes magazine called files paranoid subversive noting tension anderson dubious events duchovny haunted look true believer said memorable monster week eugene squeeze following seasons received similar praise second season entertainment_weekly named stating television gives vibe x-files dvd journal gave second season stars calling memorable season review highlighted host ascension cliffhanger finale unforgettable meeting mulder scully families colony breath ign gave season rating reviewer noting improvement started explore little evolution characters makes product shine begun familiar todd_vanderwerff called season best season maybe greatest seasons time noting consistent swung strength strength mythology stand episodes entertainment_weekly gave fifth season writing proves creative peak year surprises praised new additions series mythology concluded stand episodes look like classics writing noted season interesting possessed truly inspiring hilarious episodes film began receive increasingly critical reviews longtime fans alienated sixth season different tone taken stand episodes los_angeles monsters week style romantic humorous terms fans felt coherent plan main storyline carter making goes seventh season noted seasons x-files good great seventh season possessed significant problems despite final seasons featured duchovny included episodes lauded critics including sixth season entries triangle unnatural seventh season installment seasons eighth season received mixed positive reviews critics noted eighth season new search mulder story arc commended eighth season praising anderson performance scully excellence positively wrote non dvd times said season included hits misses overall offered negative word mythology episodes claiming weakest episodes season popmatters criticized new season claiming patrick calling duchovny appearances mulder shallow season received mixed negative reviews critics garnered negative reaction long time fans viewers popmatters called pale reflection new_york_times concluded writing notwithstanding culmination beautifully complicated friendship mulder scully ended remaining interest phenomenon new_york_times review stated imaginative television finally reached limits imagination listed ninth season film files want believe bad apple files franchise describing ninth season clumsy mash stuff worked new serialized storylines called super soldiers ign hand positive ninth season saying series aired writers created new storyline patrick characters accolades files received prestigious awards year run totaling emmy nominations awards successful season x-files crew members won nominated seven emmy awards win following year won nominations including outstanding writing drama series x-files won awards including gillian_anderson outstanding lead actress drama series won won category series season seven won nominations following season successful catching nominations winning makeup category ninth season received nomination series dramatic nominated overall winning nomination came won best series drama following year anderson duchovny nominated leading role best actress leading role respectively series won awards anderson duchovny best actress actor best series drama received nominations series won best series drama series won award received nominations nominated awards overall winning twice anderson won outstanding performance female actor drama series won award able convey ideas entertaining thought provoking nominated american cinema editors awards directors guild america awards writers guild american awards x-files nominated satellite awards managing win young artist awards winning x-files saw viewership expand small devoted group fans worldwide mass cult audience digital telecommunications mainstream according new_york_times find audience growth tied growth internet x-files incorporated new technologies storylines beginning early seasons mulder scully communicated cellular phones mail contact secret provided plot points episodes colony lone gunmen portrayed internet early files fans online access fans commonly known term coined greek root meaning love obsession addition watching reviewed episodes unofficial websites formed communities fans wrote fan fiction x-files caught viewers wouldn consider sci fans carter argued plot driven fans saw character driven duchovny anderson characterized internet sex symbols grew popularity fans developed hoping romantic sexual partnership mulder scully perceived lines groups arose pay tribute stars characters joined slash fiction summer journalist wrote entire forums online devoted mulder scully relationship addition internet fans invented meaning unresolved sexual tension standing conversation rock referencing popular scene season episode aid discussions agents relationship identified producers endorse fans readings according study subject content allow perceive wish carter consistently idea mulder scully romance theirs preferred reading allows plausible credit success original plan watched anticipation romance thanks strategic deny fans reason repeatedly stated romance scully obsessed writer carter episode read alter ego realizing point fallen mulder despite intent writers paid tribute visible fans naming minor characters best example played introduced eighth season episode harrison created named memory internet fan prolific writer fan fiction died cancer february merchandise files spawned industry spin products recently imprint launched new series licensed tie comics series run published official released expansion set released x-files inspired video games released year later playstation game set timeline second season follows agent search missing mulder scully released files access game style database windows mac allowed users access case file released game survival horror game released playstation original story set seventh season allows player control mulder scully games feature acting voice work members series cast player game called x-files produced sega legacy x-files directly inspired series including burning zone special unit lost dark skies visitor fringe warehouse supernatural key aspects carried standard crime dramas bones influence seen levels television series lost developed complex terms characterization role dana_scully seen innovative changing women television perceived behaved influencing portrayal strong women investigators russell davies said x-files inspiration series describing dark wild sexy x-files meets life shows influenced tone mood x-files example drew mood coloring x-files occasional blend horror humor creator described cross x-files called life inspired themes video games perfect dark popularity led major aspect popular culture parodied simpsons season episode springfield files aired january mulder scully voiced duchovny anderson sent springfield investigate alien sighting end finding evidence homer word depart appears background homer interviewed theme plays particular scene ranked duchovny anderson performances fourth best guest appearances simpsons history star trek deep space episode trials interviewed investigations agents mulder scully respectively pair later expanded book watching clock x-files parodied referenced countless shows like sun archer american breaking bad castle hey arnold king hill south_park half men welsh music act released single mulder scully hit united_kingdom american singer songwriter wrote song called david duchovny actor heavily references characters mainstream hit song popular underground gained cult following series referenced bad touch change year week carter duchovny anderson celebrated 20th anniversary series july panel hosted guide discussion anderson discussed scully influence female fans relating number women informed entered careers physics character anderson indicated favor files miniseries duchovny ruled working unrelated project expressed willingness feature film carter reserved idea stating need reason excited going series attained degree historical importance july carter donated props series new film items included original pilot script want believe poster mulder office
|
The X-Files
|
Media and drama
|
Television
|
The X-Files series
|
2449_Play-Doh
|
play play modeling compound young children art craft projects home school composed flour water salt acid mineral oil product manufactured cincinnati ohio cleaner 1930s product reworked marketed cincinnati schools mid-1950s demonstrated educational convention prominent department stores opened retail accounts advertisements promoting play influential children television shows product sales launch toy market mid-1950s play generated considerable merchandise named play century toys list history origin non toxic non modeling compound came known play like substance cincinnati based soap manufacturer devised request wanted product clean coal following world war transition coal based home heating natural gas resulting decrease internal introduction vinyl based market cleaning decreased substantially nephew joined save company bankruptcy brother law nursery school teacher seen newspaper article making art projects cleaning students enjoyed persuaded sold manufacture child toy husband came wanted rainbow modeling compound launch took educational convention manufacturers school supplies department store began selling compound formed sell pack cans added product line store demonstrations new_york chicago opened retail accounts chemist reduced play salt content allowing models dry losing color ads telecast captain sales reached nearly million subsequent developments exported britain france italy 1980s cardboard prone metal scuttled cost effective plastic container issued patent purchased rights play million placing compound subsidiary merged bought owner continues manufacture product today division gold silver added palette celebrate 40th anniversary play packaging briefly illustrated children mid-1950s replaced mascot superseded wearing boy play pete replaced baseball cap living play cans named seen ingredients play current manufacturer reveals compound primarily mixture water salt flour united_states patent indicates composed water based salt color petroleum gives compound smooth feel prevents mold developing home recipes include salt flour corn vegetable oil olive oil cream related merchandise toy press compound shapes invented play barber beauty shop featured hair styled making debut computer young educational software rom game play creations available play related merchandise introduced anniversary year included play birthday bucket play colors pack crazy cuts reworking play plus created lighter softer regular cultural impact billion cans sold play sold countries world million cans year united_states stores carry play mark anniversary greece created limited edition inspired odor highly creative people seek scent reminiscent childhood play inducted rochester new_york century toys list roll memorable creative toys twentieth century late company offered replace new play cake mountain tool free receiving complaints toy shape film april 20th century fox announced work play movie producing writing directing production company
|
Play-Doh
|
Sports and recreation
|
Recreation
|
Toys
|
2454_OsteopathicmedicineintheUnitedStates
|
medicine united_states branch medical profession united_states physicians equivalent doctors medicine bachelor surgery doctors united_kingdom considered fully licensed physicians medical doctors practice medicine surgery states recognized countries including canadian provinces frontier physician founded profession rejection prevailing system medical thought 19th century techniques relied manipulation joints bones treat illness called practices middle 20th century profession moved closer mainstream medicine adopting modern public health principles american medical doctors ultimately achieving practice rights medical doctors states including serving armed forces physicians 21st century training medical physicians united_states equivalent training medical physicians attend years medical school followed minimum years residency use conventional methods diagnosis treatment trained manipulative treatment modern derivative techniques work medicine skill use family practice sports medicine emergency medicine commonly surgery fields lend body hands modern medicine distinction eroded steadily diminishing numbers graduates enter primary care fields fewer use increasing numbers graduates choose train non residency programs physician fully licensed patient centered medical doctor medical practice rights united_states countries abroad discussions future modern medicine frequently debate utility maintaining separate distinct pathways physicians united_states nomenclature physicians graduate medical schools known physicians medical doctors graduation conferred professional doctorate doctor countries differ united_states european trained practitioners manipulative techniques referred scope practice medical relies manipulative medicine alternative medical common graduates united_states refer term considered archaic holding doctor degree commonly referred medical physicians demographics currently medical schools offering education locations united_states schools physicians graduates medical schools physicians medical schools number graduates year increased percent number expected approach colleges medicine locations medical students united_states enrolled medical school medical physicians united_states number medical physicians expert predictions according physicians evenly distributed united_states states highest concentration medical physicians oklahoma iowa michigan medical physicians comprise total physician workforce state greatest number medical physicians pennsylvania dos active practice states lowest concentrations dos louisiana massachusetts vermont physicians medical degree public awareness medicine likewise varies widely different regions people living midwest states likely familiar medicine medical physicians provide general family medicine patient visits states experienced greater growth number dos virginia south_carolina utah tennessee kentucky wyoming oregon north_carolina minnesota washington principles medical students oath similar oath maintain uphold core principles medical philosophy revised core principles body unit person unit body mind spirit body capable self regulation self healing health maintenance structure function rational treatment based understanding principles body unity self regulation structure function contemporary physicians practice evidence based medicine indistinguishable colleagues significance different opinions significance principles note medical philosophy akin medicine suggestive kind social movement field medicine promotes patient centered approach medicine emphasizes role primary care physician health care system point principles distinguish training fundamental way study published found majority administrators faculty saw core principles listed endorse generally broad medical principles history 19th century new movement medicine frontier physician founded radical protest turn century medical system believed conventional medical system lacked credible morally corrupt treated effects causes disease founded medicine rural missouri time surgery traditional caused harm good commonly given patients time oil whiskey addition surgical practices resulted deaths intended new system medicine reformation existing 19th century medical practices imagined someday rational medical therapy consist manipulation system surgery drugs invented blending greek roots bone suffering order communicate theory disease grounded system treating system believed physicians treat variety diseases spare patients negative effects drugs new profession faced stiff opposition medical establishment time relationship medical contentious involved strong efforts medical organizations discredit medicine half twentieth century policy labeled medicine cult seen code ethics declared medical physician voluntarily associate notable advocate fledgling movement manipulative treatments symptoms daughter jean chronic spoke hearing practice state don know cared heard going drive state heard haven able sleep opposed stance type medical practice legitimate spoke favor licensing physicians responded vigorous attack physicians think moved regard best interests public isn little touch self interest objection people people license afraid bust business federal recognition recognition federal government key goal medical profession effort establish counterparts profession engaged long struggle right serve physicians secretary defense authorized acceptance physicians medical military services basis physician oath office serve military physician acceptance physicians solidified appointed serve surgeon general army physician hold post california 1960s california spent nearly million end practice medicine state proposition statewide ballot initiative california eliminated practice medicine state issued degrees dos state california nominal fee attending short paying doctor obtain degree percent dos state total chose immediately following medical school placed ban issuing physician licenses dos moving california states decision proved controversial protests lobbying influential prominent dos ruled california licensing dos state resumed years later opened california opened practicing california approval approved measure allowing qualified physicians active members association measure allowed physicians participate approved intern residency programs rejected measure claiming attempt eliminate medicine president sponsored measure permitting plan merger today majority physicians trained alongside residency programs governed independent board african american woman serve dean medical school appointed position dean african american woman serve dean medical school dean arkansas non discrimination policies recent years seen professional groups dos admitted active membership invited representative sit voting member legislative body house delegates presidency medical student adopted policy membership rights medical students main policy document purposes principles recognizes equality medical degrees organization healthcare community students shall entitled opportunities membership rights students recent years largest organization adopted fee non discrimination policy differential based attendance calls investigation existence differential fees charged visiting medical students american medical schools brought internal investigation fee structure visiting medical students schools found institution surveyed charged different fees students house delegates adopted resolution collaboration discrimination medical students institutions programs based training state licensing practice rights united_states laws regulating physician licenses governed states physicians lobbied state pass laws giving degree legal privilege practice medicine degree states debate long protracted heavily involved influencing legislative process state pass law california nebraska current status education training according harrison training practice physicians virtually indistinguishable physicians years medical school followed specialty training board certification medical schools identical schools generally years classroom based fourth years consist clinical major medicine schools criticized community relying heavily clinical private practitioners able provide sufficient instruction rotating student schools place students hospital based clinical attending physicians faculty school clear duty teach medical students treating patients graduate medical education graduation medical physicians pursue residency training programs depending state licensing laws medical physicians complete year rotating hospital approved physicians apply residency programs currently physicians participate programs programs approved june required cease activities manipulative treatment medical curriculum manipulative treatment taught measure number disorders diseases survey physicians found respondents patients survey follows physicians like physicians respect perform suggest surgery line treatment effort recent years support scientific inquiry effectiveness manipulation encourage physicians consistently offer manipulative treatments patients number physicians report consistently performing manipulative treatment falling steadily medical historian cites poor educational quarters time instructors major factors decreasing interest medical students describes problems quality breadth nature orientation instruction claims teaching medicine changed sufficiently years meet intellectual practical needs students assigned readings students learn certain prominent dos theory model presented provides explanations exists significance instructors spend bulk time demonstrating manipulative techniques providing evidence techniques significant worse faculty members rarely provide instrument based objective evidence present place time recent studies increasingly positive attitude patients physicians use manual therapy valid safe effective treatment survey published found majority physicians patients felt manual manipulation safe half physicians patients felt manipulation available primary care setting half physicians reported educational exposure quarter administered practice respondents endorsed instruction small study examined interest ability residents learning principles skills including showed month rotation residents responded favorably experience professional attitudes new_york_times article described increasing numbers public awareness medical physicians illustrating increasingly cooperative climate tenure president described climate cooperation practitioners find living time graduates sought residency programs instances licensed licensing boards privileged hospitals found numbers medical schools remarked manipulative medicine aid physician relationship patient international practice rights country different requirements procedures licensing registering physicians practitioners recognizes physicians graduates medical colleges united_states trained outside united_states eligible medical united_states hand dos currently able practice countries medical rights restricted rights independent board monitors licensing registration practices physicians countries outside united_states advances recognition american trained dos end works international health organizations like groups procedure countries consider granting physician foreigners varies widely trained physicians ability qualify unlimited practice rights varies according degree countries recognize applicants granting successful applicants unlimited practice rights lobbied governments countries recognize dos similarly counterparts success countries dos unlimited practice rights year announced dos accepted medical practice rights united_kingdom according countries don understand differences training physician strongly advocates international practice rights equal qualified physicians medicine primary care physicians historically entered primary care fields higher rate counterparts organizations claims greater emphasis importance primary care medicine proportion students choosing primary care fields like peers declining currently medical students enters family medicine residency largest primary care field seniors planned careers primary care field percentage peak criticism internal debate traditional medicine specifically criticized techniques manipulation study performed early 2000s questioned utility manipulative treatment health information website claims difficult properly effectiveness hands therapy like research emphasis area criticism relative lack research lesser emphasis scientific inquiry schools comparison schools inability research particularly clinical research institutions years weakened distinctive beliefs practices students graduates identity crisis currently debate community feasibility maintaining medicine distinct entity health care author notes claims fundamental difference qualified physicians based practices medicine seeing patients context widely encountered medicine medicine studies confirmed lack concept resultant practice behavior distinguish questions framing debate future functional equivalent meaning profession justification continued existence value therapy uniquely use limited rapid expansion number schools increased debate seen leadership odds community physicians community growth drawing attention identity crisis faced profession leaders emphasize unique identity draw attention rapid expansion raised concerns number available faculty schools role faculty play maintaining integrity academic program schools author leading text history medicine recently published schools currently expanding class sizes quickly counterparts unlike colleges widely known academic faculty members fearing quality prospect increased teaching workload constitute powerful force expand class size faculty private schools traditionally little input matters instead decisions exclusively responsibility college administrators boards trustees look expansion educational perspective medical schools cost student body expansion relatively low compared institutions standards commission ensure lab spaces accommodate new students mandate college bear expense maintaining high time faculty student ratio president commented current climate crisis profession simultaneous movement away medicine traditionally separate training practice systems coupled rapid growth created sense crisis future rapid rate growth raised questions availability clinical basic science faculty clinical resources accommodate increasing load students
|
Osteopathic medicine in the United States
|
Natural sciences
|
Biology and medicine
|
Medical people and institutions
|
2593_RobertWhite(Virginiaphysician)
|
virginia physician early american physician military officer pioneer colony virginia white born scotland son physician practicing studied medicine later served surgeon rank captain royal_navy relocated delaware pennsylvania finally pioneer present day virginia white physicians practicing conducted practice residence near white larger wave scottish physicians settled virginia prior white white political family virginia west_virginia father united_states house representative grandfather virginia judge united_states house representative early life education born scotland son physician practicing died white lineage scottish english origins descending scottish presbyterian movement 17th century studied medicine edinburgh scotland graduated doctor medicine degree institution royal_navy service following completion education white served surgeon rank captain royal_navy known certain white resigned commission white family tradition held left royal_navy engaged duel officer arrival america white member family travel reside america white arrived visited uncle ancestor united_states house_of_representatives member residing delaware colony white fell love eldest daughter margaret married delaware colony white marriage margaret likely cause resignation royal_navy margaret father relocated near york pennsylvania white erected residence named white hall family ancestral home scotland settlement virginia york white relocated pioneer stream near winchester virginia later included following creation established plantation virginia white accompanied elderly father law settled miles south winchester white earlier pioneer settlers white families established oldest presbyterian congregation formed west blue ridge mountains white farm consisting acres south present day unincorporated community virginia route white land tract surveyed april issued formal land grant 6th lord cameron november survey stated white residing land tract white established permanent residence land grant ancestral home white family virginia west_virginia white physicians practicing died white practiced residence near notable patients colonel founder winchester virginia white son alexander married wood daughter white larger wave scottish physicians settled virginia prior white alma mater leading center medical education research school trained physicians needed scotland unlike white majority scottish physicians practiced main centers population colonial port cities later life death white died age interred eastern corner miles south winchester tree located white burial site eastern corner cemetery tree remained burial site white survived sons robert alexander john wife son inherited white family farm following white death marriage children white married eldest daughter uncle wife white wife margaret children
|
Robert White (Virginia physician)
|
Natural sciences
|
Biology and medicine
|
Medical people and institutions
|
2603_RosalieSlaughterMorton
|
october born american physician surgeon running medical practices founded worked world war female members faculty new_york columbia_university born virginia studied despite family expectation aim find husband provide went study research europe asia returning united_states open medical practices received number awards career including joan arc medal park belgrade named honor published autobiography woman surgeon positive reception released second book titled doctor holiday iran biography early life born virginia brothers sister siblings died childhood educated travelling finishing school baltimore chose follow steps grandfather older brothers doctor joining autobiography remarked upbringing education designed capable wife desire career noting father left money expecting find husband provide family want pursue career medicine later life slaughter married attorney previously studied medicine reported filing divorce died early 1930s suffered bout pneumonia prompting florida died career graduating college pennsylvania honors available appointed resident physician hospital worked began studies europe travelling berlin vienna paris london time took courses observed wrote number scientific papers including comparing health women men following advice instructor london travelled mumbai months work plague period sri_lanka having finished studies returned united_states opened medical practice washington marrying opened new medical practice new_york attorney created aim public subjects including health child care medical topics appointed clinical assistant instructor new_york female faculty members later professor time number universities including summer breakout world war travelled work special commissioner red_cross supplies paris work field hospitals macedonia returning alongside led founded aim establishing american hospitals europe request send thousand medical women volunteered foreign service opposed washington raised days national fundraising drive send recommendation chairman committee women physicians represented female doctors continued running new_york practice attempting aid young people yugoslavia serbia disrupted war education march established international facilitated placing dozens young serbian people american places education moving florida early 1930s established small clinical practice carried research awards awarded decorations home foreign governments career awards included joan arc medal presented special award work establishing tree planted honor commemorating distinguished patriotic service street park belgrade named books wrote autobiography titled woman surgeon life work published book reviewed praise given writing breadth experiences chronicled writing described autobiography excellent book woman accomplishments commending descriptions medical topics political ones wrote time book boring calling important book documenting contributions woman described book thrilling colorful sydney morning herald called particularly interesting review indiana gazette rated book best medical recent times finishing autobiography travelled iran published book country time titled doctor holiday iran
|
Rosalie Slaughter Morton
|
Natural sciences
|
Biology and medicine
|
Medical people and institutions
|
2969_NewYorkRescueWorkersDetoxificationProject
|
founded new_york_city stated purpose treating rescue workers smoke september attacks blocks site park long_island project founder fundraiser actor uses program invented criticized doctors medically dangerous produced positive recipients reported october people completed program project supported public officials received public funding received criticism financial ties exposing rescue workers potential medical dangers use orthodox medicine sources told reporter participants joined families background explained motivation setting project promotional video leaked internet january stated attack air safe breathe video narration contradicted saying devastation spread unprecedented combination air lethal cruise seen dismissing clear course lie outright lie fine finally let money let let person treated sleep night appearance cnn cruise said founded project concern survivors suffer multiple cancer result tissue advocated research way deal problems claiming doctors know chemical doctor going drugs things ineffective program created set procedure clear body clear mind canonical texts known promoted groups affiliated including drug rehabilitation claims flush body fat stores exercise high particularly medical professionals judged ineffective potentially dangerous report california described mega hazardous cases lethal literature reports disturbances including low level low potassium level heat related illnesses frequent effects program participants credit improvements physical mental health families blame death relative project clients required attend programme hours day days promoted way treat memory loss problems fatigue problems suffered workers finances organization received public funding including project received private funding biggest supporter celebrity donors included paul_mccartney smith late donations amounted million program offered free rescue workers offered new_york_city residents paid according tax project pays money bodies related promote able receives contributions executive director involved creating foundation later described group year income went director project drug credits recovery executive director sacramento california group promotes approach endorsements criticism project mixed response public officials member endorsed program helped win public funding subsequently received nearly campaign contributions councillor supported project telling reporters project work seen mayor spoke connections program saying science fund programs scientists believe stand light day supportive member city_council went program drafted official honoring describing christian distanced said believes councillor chair vocally criticized project argued public money spent accused crossing line cult state project publicity included favorable quotations senator new_york deputy secretary later withdrew support denied making statement council speaker denounced program representative wrote letter supporting project warned potentially dangerous calling mayor took opening ceremony long_island clinic police fire department officially supported project initially supported withdrew connection revealed president said members lives benefited program involved religious rhetoric deputy fire commissioner told new_york_times aware members department program way endorse officials department raised concerns firefighters giving existing order department deputy chief medical officer said job proven evidence works actress radio host drew criticism allowing actress promote project outcomes reported october people completed program clinic displayed colored evidence toxic material according director firefighters passed odd colored movements mercury aluminium chief medical officer criticized lack objective evidence saying trouble believing purple stained investigation asked number independent doctors evidence endorsed program effectiveness explicitly described dangerous said peer reviewed research published medical journal apparently supportive studies published lack control groups scientific according deputy fire commissioner doctors investigating program behalf concluded expert denied procedure saying sounds great mean doesn work colleagues published small sample pilot study assessing project doctor promotes method study claimed find evidence elevated levels rescue workers improvement regime scientists published thorough critique study questioned premise rescue workers needed citing studies found blood concentration greater normal exceptions people body like compounds determined exclusively food eat air breathe firefighters occasionally receive job having fought containing electrical fires paper argues project properly tested outcomes concludes application potentially dangerous health problems workers participants spoke favorably program reported improved physical mental health said taking advantage free lieutenant quoted describing colleagues desperate help distress felt aftermath attacks point try officials raised concerns project saying firefighters required pills orthodox medication weeks program passed taken emergency room severe later saying asked stop according clinic associate medical director participants helped medication insistence request downtown medical worker downtown medical told reporters staff discouraged calling ambulance emergency required break contact boyfriend left spokesman responded clinic clear policy calling needed
|
New York Rescue Workers Detoxification Project
|
Natural sciences
|
Biology and medicine
|
Medical people and institutions
|
3631_MiamiValleyHospitalSouth
|
south hospital ohio branch ohio managed premier health designed constructed facility emergency room facility grew faster expected service hospital office building physicians story patient wing added hospital square foot complex acre campus adjacent interstate beds features number specialty care options including sports medicine care cater suburban community surrounding hospital history miami valley hospital south sits acre campus interstate south ohio land owned premier health years hospital built decades planning hospital facility serve southwestern specifically significant suburban housing development taking place constructed partnerships local high schools mind expand athletic training services student athletes project overseen premier health employee later chief operating officer facility original square foot facility opened october construction cost featured general surgery emergency room operating rooms total employees trained miami valley hospital facility featured service transferred level trauma center miami valley hospital originally called traffic hospital quickly escalated projected consumer demand care single facility need transfer hospitals november beds added following demand recovery services emergency room including observation beds short stay beds point facility renamed expansions completed june late hospital added square foot story patient wing facility initially planned cost comprehensive cancer care center added office building physicians ultimately expansion completed cost brought hospital size square feet new patient wing opened march new wing included bed general surgery floor bed surgery floor bed ward completed august total beds end expansion number staff grew time employees hospital saw emergency room grow august february number babies born ward facility features architecture intended evoke sense calm constructed central courtyard number windows overlooking nature related artwork architecture separate staff visitors order interior appear crowded hospital features substantial parking shuttle service entrance constructed future expansion mind floors patient wing filled adding beds hallway added wing add beds ward expanded second floor add beds means facility expanded beds services hospital features number support services including food facility delivers food patient rooms environmental services hospital medical general surgery hospital features high risk breast cancer center aimed care patients risk developing cancer staffed surgical staff nurses specialty services sports medicine oxygen therapy chamber hospital equipment cardiac monitoring magnetic resonance imaging facility features physician office building houses staff practitioners offices physicians independent practices community square foot building opened january features comprehensive cancer care center focused cancer care treatment space patient education support groups addition physician facility houses concrete enclosed vault houses linear precision cancer treatments opened specialists cancer cancer moved
|
Miami Valley Hospital South
|
Natural sciences
|
Biology and medicine
|
Medical people and institutions
|
3714_HospicecareintheUnitedStates
|
care united_states care united_states type philosophy end life care focuses ill patient symptoms symptoms physical emotional spiritual social nature concept place treat ill evolving 11th century came united_states 1970s response work united_kingdom establishment industry rapidly expanded united_states distinguished extensive greater emphasis patient psychological needs coming terms dying practices largely defined system social insurance program united_states health insurance providers care available united_states patients age terminal medically certified months live treatment utilized million people united_states dying americans utilize service common length time patient receive care kinds illnesses covered result patients treatment thirty days care extend months long patient condition continues merit medical outlook medical social services supplied patients families team professional providers volunteers patient directed approach managing illness generally treatment patient choose treatment options intended life services covered providers provide access charitable resources patients lacking coverage care provided patient home designated facility nursing home hospital unit level care location based frequent evaluation patient needs primary levels care provided routine home care continuous care general respite care patients undergoing treatment discharged number reasons including improvement condition refusal cooperate providers return care circumstances change providers required provide patients notice pending discharge appeal outside united_states care terminal illnesses care general setting countries term likely refer particular type institution specifically care final months weeks life specific end life care likely included general term care history statistics believed originated 11th century time ill permitted places dedicated treatment early 14th century order opened rhodes meant provide refuge travelers care ill dying practice revived 17th century france later opened london england 1950s later founded london developed principles modern care founded united_states bringing principles modern care country 1970s implemented united_states movement united_states soon distinguished britain according practice promise greater emphasis use volunteers focus psychological preparation death social insurance program united_states added services coverage september request senate president ronald_reagan proclaimed week november november industry rapidly expanded billion industry billion funding patients programs certification year providers non profit operation development united_states puerto_rico according according rights rescuing end life medical system sites expanding national rate year million people united_states utilized dying americans utilizing service approximately pays treatment paid billion certified providers united_states industry expanded concept care saw opening children facility san_francisco february reported balance non profit profit shifting fastest growing slice industry philosophy practices goal agencies united_states provide comfort patient comfort defined patient patient patient family mean freedom physical emotional spiritual social pain typically perform treatments meant cure illness seek death primarily extend life required patients sign orders require condition acceptance patients decisions receive heart breathing stop patient decide request service provided family need contact provide decision extend life pulling treatments greatest barrier patients accepting care create conflicts medical professionals attempting provide confusion exists treatments patient receive qualify care provide treatments traditionally regarded including radiation therapy administered improve quality life determination appropriate treatment case case basis aspect philosophy patient centered care provide focus united_states shifted provider centered care healthcare agencies market patient centered patient directed care integral interwoven care provided regulations reflect philosophy demographic order qualify care patient certification physicians months live disease runs natural course usually patient primary physician director provide certification patients stay longer months long team continues supporting evidence patient terminal insurance companies usually continue pay care physicians slow refer care waiting absolutely certain terminal physicians believe patient month receive care overly optimistic assessment treatment effective result majority patients referred end stages diseases average length stay patient dies days days numbers increased term care continues average length stay days median length days patients admitted died seven days admission late admission inconsistent process requires time patients family members develop relationships team individuals suffering cancer aids receive care united_states evolve model cancer care predictable pattern deterioration according case assisted suicide right end life care patients cancer rest aids patients cancer end stage heart lung diseases stroke failure conditions diagnosis acceptable cause death death certificate expected terminal acceptable diagnosis care certification order qualify patient certified having months live patients live longer patients receive benefit benefits life provisions benefit months broken day benefit periods end benefit periods team evaluate patient continues months live following day benefit periods required evaluate closely review days commercial managed care program providers individual regulations certification month judge based start patient current condition care patients primarily elderly according handbook social work health aging patients united_states elderly primary population care available age groups including able serve population providers offered care number grown facility united_states george san_francisco opened options expanding adult oriented programs remained ill prepared handle younger populations primary diagnosis children treatment cancer like adult population children enter variety conditions including aids disorder cerebral death inducing trauma automobile accidents care intended treat family available families expecting child anticipated survive long delivery recommended model children differs adults committees hospital care jointly released recommendation care children provided life threatening condition point diagnosis death benefits care offered concurrently treatment virginia based recommends services children life threatening conditions seeking hopeful treatment enhance quality life child family federal standards set require months terminal insurance providers restrict access care patients undergoing life extending treatment expense cost care met health insurance providers including eligible americans covered pay patients responsible drugs respite care needed respite care necessary instance family member providing home care briefly unable perform duties alternative care provider necessary responsible payments providers differently county county higher rate care lower rate paid home care higher rate paid round clock nursing care order patient symptoms control commercial health benefit typically mirror benefit pay required commercial health insurance providers depending individual plans according article paid home based charges supplied private insurance providers pocket paid patient non profit agencies patients lack insurance coverage provide care patient free charge reduced rates said pocket expenses home based services year average patient patient enrolled insurance patient related illnesses words patient end stage heart failure responsible care related heart failure patient billed regular insurance providers competitive business given service area hundreds different non profit commercial providers small community based operations regional national corporations hospital health system data indicated agencies independent based hospitals geared home health care conjunction nursing homes mean number patients treated facilities given day providers admitted fewer patients year number profit non profit providers balanced profit sector grown agencies profit non profit remaining government owned providers order receive payments patients certified certified process seeking certification agencies seek certification voluntarily relinquish example agency entirely supported donations relies volunteer staff choose seek certification estimated volunteer programs operation united_states levels care primary levels care routine home care continuous care general respite respite united_states certified required offer levels care routine home care routine home care common level care provided spite title routine home care indicate location care level intensity care provided routine care provided nursing home assisted living facility majority patients treated home team members supply variety services routine home care including offering necessary supplies medical equipment related diagnosis like bed pads gloves skin hour services available needed typically provided normal business hours registered nurse prepared address urgent patient concerns continuous care service provided patient home patients experiencing severe symptoms need temporary extra support patient continuous care provides services home minimum hours day criteria continuous care similar general care challenges face extended day care home continuous care intended short periods time general care general care intensive level care provided nursing home specially contracted bed unit hospital free standing unit general criteria patients experiencing severe symptoms require daily team manage patients level care begun active phase dying measured days opposed weeks months limit long cover level care usually provided brief periods time seven days average respite respite care referred respite brief periodic level care patient receive respite unique benefit care provided needs family patient family member need break vacation planned level care provided respite patient transferred home setting nursing home assisted living hospital unit patient transferred assisted living facility nursing home hospital continue provide care patient par services provided routine home care benefit way difference respite routine care pays room board charges facility patient receive respite unit care similar patients unit receive respite provided maximum days benefit period team team core service provides patients families differs forms care core members team function team teams involve professionals independently treat issues patient problems treated relate issues addressed individual team members team approach involves members team working goal case afford patients comfortable dying experience families support need team approach role blending members core team tasks usually filled team members team required meet days team meeting patient needs discussed planned weeks additionally team reviews patient medical condition ensure patient meets criteria care team members team members include medical directors physicians registered nurses social workers home health aides volunteers director medical director physician provides support clinical staff providing care patient family medical director provide medical care primary physician unavailable patient primary care provider medical director required patients physician physicians involved patient care include primary physician provide valuable information patient medical history physicians connected team primarily provide support team members treat patient directly physician established provide expertise care patients life limiting advanced disease catastrophic injury relief symptoms coordination patient family centered care diverse settings use specialized care systems including management dying patient legal ethical decision making end life care registered nurses registered nurses responsible coordinating aspects patient care symptoms physical addressed managed primary care nurse visits minimum twice weekly content visit vary greatly patients experiencing symptoms early diseases visit short check patient symptoms nurse visit recommendations increasing changing medication intervention provide support education disease dying process patients require complex treatments respiratory care wound care therapy home cases nurse trained handle unique needs social worker patient assigned social worker visits time admission social worker function vary providing superficial support patients families intensive crisis oriented counseling additionally terminal illness comes complicated financial social worker instrumental connecting patient family community resources including services meals wheels lastly patient unable cared home social worker work find safer place patient receive care counselor required core team regulations typically role filled chaplain spiritual counselor social workers persons specially trained serve patient chaplain able provide regular consistent chaplain services chaplain available provide supportive counseling life review connect patient clergy comfortable times chaplain patient funeral home health aide home health aide core service patient means required patient receive aide patients receive service depended patient family aide typically visits days week approximately hours visit functions include providing respite primary physical support patient including bathing dressing feeding times aide develops closest relationship patient frequency visits aide licensed nurse administer treat wounds handle similar treatments oversee patient drug therapy includes filling monitoring drug interactions adverse effects anticipating problems assessing drug context patient oriented goals volunteers volunteers form major care united_states provide variety physical emotional patients family including providing health care spiritual counseling volunteers provide administrative assistance discharge majority death patient treatment end care provides period counseling family afterward scenarios patient discharged certification determined time review patient greater months patient certified discharged required law advance patient patient appeal decision usually plans weeks advance transition traumatic patients preparing die smooth possible patient condition discharged patient discharged chooses relinquish benefit patient chooses pursue type treatment experiences dissatisfaction care patients require admitting diagnosis hospital unrelated condition patient remain undergoing treatment transfer transfer involve discharge general discharge current provider discharge cause occasionally unable provide care patient philosophical differences patient safety issue causes include abusive behavior patient persons patient home refusal cooperate program patients discharged reason later date necessary barriers access indicated frequently utilized taken advantage late patient illness reasons financial considerations social difficulty choosing study found proper case management access additional costs physicians multiple aspects financially care difficult access relate physician reluctance stated previously enrolled patient transitions primary insurance having care managed directly typically limited budget expensive care permitted additionally physician visits complicated result non payment physicians difficulty authorizing expensive treatments lack payment visits reasons non physician nursing homes second aspect nursing home cases patients transferred nursing home hospital portion nursing home stay cases paying kind care room board coverage nursing home patients occasionally patients better served receiving care nursing home costs room board late prevalent problem early providers admit patients early scrutiny patients deemed long patient months aggressive inappropriate payment services simply worth trouble patients screened carefully prior admission stigma physicians medical care traditionally focused cure healing patient care seen true practice medicine physicians face persistent social stigma mistaken giving patient committing additionally perception changing thinking doctor focused patients cancer terminal diseases qualify care patients patients families simply want receive care common reason recognize comfort cure realistic goal framed care left instead different kind treatment patients believe choosing equivalent
|
Hospice care in the United States
|
Natural sciences
|
Biology and medicine
|
Medical people and institutions
|
5674_HelenMayo
|
helen mary october november australian medical doctor medical educator born raised adelaide enrolled studied medicine graduating spent years working infant health england ireland india returned adelaide starting private practice taking positions adelaide children hospital adelaide hospital founded mothers receive advice infant health organisation mothers eventually established branches south_australia incorporated training school maternal nurses unsuccessfully campaigning treat founded addition medical achievements participated number organisations heavily involved serving university council woman australia elected position establishing women club boarding college founder organisation professional women died november success south_australia infant welfare system efforts early life education born adelaide australia october eldest seven children civil engineer née granddaughter prominent adelaide doctor formal education commenced age began receiving regular lessons tutor age enrolled forerunner year end despite having heard female doctors early age set pursuing career medicine professor advised helen father young commence study medicine enrolled death younger sister olive end year study meant unable sit final exams year repeated year failed subjects latin greek having gained father permission enrolled medicine distinguished medicine student coming class winning scholarship fourth fifth years study respectively medical career graduation end took position resident medical officer february left england gain practical experience worked clinical clerk great street london gain experience went dublin returning london complete course tropical medicine travelled india worked year hospital women children returned adelaide started private practice premises owned father street family home spare time hands began laboratory work adelaide hospital took appointment honorary presented paper interstate conference subject infant mortality addressed high infant mortality rate south_australia claimed needed educate women later year hearing talk success school mothers london daughter founded room offices available afternoon week nurse weigh babies advice annual meeting school prominent medical doctor criticised organisation thinking teach mothers guided mother instinct childless spite organisation flourished cottage wright street purchased headquarters school organisation mothers branches south_australia served honorary medical officer association death time organisation gained training school maternal nurses hospital honour association inaugurated annual lecture eventually incorporated visiting melbourne learn appointed clinical adelaide hospital position hold years early 1910s urgent need medical facilities treat south_australia risks cross infection treat age called meeting medical practitioners discuss prospect hospital children doubts plan expressed group raised funds presented board plan use funds build separate ward grounds hospital board rejected proposal group rented story house opened hospital financial difficulties hospital eventually overwhelming state government took hospital moving renaming played central role establishing forming policy serving honourable physician honorary responsible officer combat risks cross infection instituted policy strict isolation babies patients child locker equipment kept nurses tend child child blankets bottles floors eventually bed hospital complete surgical unit ward premature babies later medical career advertised honorary physicians believing gender prevent given position initially declined apply following recommendation adelaide surgeon applied post year appointed honorary assistant physician charge positions commitments private practice commenced doctor medicine degree experiences clinical basis thesis forced write weekends volume workload following year woman receive subsequently appointed honorary physician clinical lecturer appointed officer order british empire services connection maternal child welfare state south_australia retired honorary consulting physician second world war broke returned hospital senior adviser time organising red_cross donor service february author abc appointed medical officer daughter industrialist politician activities woman australia elected university council elected position held years founded inaugural president club provided place women leaders respective fields meet aimed advance status women world arts letters heavily involved life female students graduates spearheaded foundation eventually initiated efforts unify student bodies university eventually construction lady simon building large efforts founding served died november aged obituary described medical women south_australia probably australia credited efficiency south_australia infant health welfare system named
|
Helen Mayo
|
Natural sciences
|
Biology and medicine
|
Medical people and institutions
|
5976_GeorgeSchaller
|
george born american biologist author recognized world field biologist studying wildlife africa asia south_america born berlin grew germany moved missouri teen vice president serves chairman renowned ceo senior zoo based early life received degree went obtain phd fellow department stanford_university served research associate department served research associate research animal behavior animal behavior served coordinator center field biology conservation replaced served director mountain research traveled study live mountain little known life wild publication ecology behavior conveyed general public profoundly intelligent gentle contrary common beliefs recounted epic year study year provides broader historical perspective efforts save nearest relatives brink extinction american zoologist assistance society followed ground breaking field research mountain instrumental public perception establishing deep compassion social intelligence evident closely behavior parallels humans looks eyes intelligent gentle vulnerable remain unchanged gap human know lives recognize ancient connection conservation career wife traveled live conducted studies social behavior movement africa big cats work tree man born author described single minded easy know went stern takes hard eyed look lean intent snow leopard wrote time considered world finest field biologist fall went remote region miles inside area occupied people culture ethnicity study blue sheep possibly glimpse elusive snow leopard animal rarely spotted wild known seen snow leopard accompanying trip result trip wrote snow leopard detailing accounts travels research won national book awards referred book late 1970s spent time brazil studying jaguar animals region wife traveled china region study giant permitted enter remote region sought notion population declining natural bamboo die offs instead found popularity leading frequent capture biggest threat population found evidence originally underwent evolutionary change accommodate diet bamboo difficult digest reducing competition animals food research population increased wild percent time china hand cards wildlife hunters read beings punishment life dear comparing oneself kill cause kill spent time china spent home connecticut scientists uncover rare forest dwelling later year rediscovered vietnamese pig thought extinct located herd red deer thought extinct returned found wildlife area rebounded trip region significantly wild population estimated individuals grown obviously dedicated successful effort protecting wildlife wrote letter worked researching rare population declined trophy hunting exotic wool working authorities helped protect breeding grounds mountains worked pakistan afghanistan china develop new peace park protect miles habitat largest wild sheep species polo sheep danger impressive spiral horns measure feet length sheep sought trophy international hunters research play important role park creation conservation results work conservation resulted protection large stretches area amazon brazil hindu pakistan forests southeast_asia work parks preserves worldwide established including alaska world significant wildlife miles triple size america largest wildlife refuge called ambitious attempts arrest natural ecosystems new_york_times research prominent scientists argue reports worthy study los_angeles_times story described expressed disapproval scientists examine evidence write hoax myth don think fair article said troubled remains uncovered samples found allow dna testing notes sightings years throw percent ought explanation rest think hard eyed look absolutely essential publications written books african asian mammals including study predator prey relations based studies supported long term observations species natural habitats written hundreds magazine articles dozens books scientific articles tigers wild sheep goats decades field research helped shape wildlife protection efforts world awards conservation honors include fellowship gold medal contributions understanding conservation endangered species awarded tyler prize environmental achievement recipient fellowship literary honors include september received work animal conservation
|
George Schaller
|
Natural sciences
|
Biology and medicine
|
Medical people and institutions
|
6387_Ambulance
|
ambulance ambulance vehicle transportation sick injured people places treatment illness injury instances provide hospital medical care patient word associated road going emergency form emergency medical service emergency care acute medical problems term ambulance extend wider range vehicles flashing warning lights term includes large number non urgent transport patients urgent acute condition functional types wide range urgent non urgent vehicles including trucks station wagons buses helicopters fixed wing aircraft boats hospital ships vehicle types term ambulance comes latin word meaning walk reference early medical care patients moved lifting word originally meant moving hospital follows army movements american civil war vehicles conveying wounded field battle called ambulance wagons field hospitals called franco prussian war turkish war wagons referred war types ambulance common patient transport ambulance called vehicles usually exceptions equipped life support equipment usually staff fewer qualifications crew emergency purpose simply transport patients places treatment countries equipped flashing lights jurisdictions modified form ambulance carries member ambulance crew scene provide care transport patient vehicles called fly cars cases patient requires transportation hospital require patient carrying ambulance attend addition fast history history ambulance begins ancient times use transport patients force emergency transport spanish civilian variants operation 1830s advances technology 19th 20th centuries led modern self powered functional types grouped types depending transport patients conditions cases function combining emergency ambulance care patient transport emergency ambulance common type ambulance provide care patients acute illness injury road going boats helicopters fixed wing aircraft known air converted vehicles golf patient transport ambulance vehicle job transporting patients places medical treatment hospital center non urgent care buses vehicles response unit known fly car quick response vehicle vehicle reach ill patient quickly provide scene care lacks capacity transport patient scene response units backed emergency ambulance transport patient deal problem scene requirement transport ambulance wide variety vehicles standard cars modified pedal cycles horses units function vehicle officers similar fire chief vehicle ambulance services services north_america staff provide medical care need wait ambulance charity ambulance special type patient transport ambulance provided charity purpose taking sick children adults trips away hospitals care homes long term care examples include project usually based bus ambulance special type patient transport ambulance designed extremely patients equipped appropriate tools manage patients vehicle types types type type type iii type type based heavy truck chassis primarily rescue work type van based ambulance little modifications raised roof use basic life support transfer patients type iii van chassis custom rear compartment use type type nomenclature smaller hoc patient transfer smaller utility vehicles passenger vehicles trucks difficulty traversing large industrial complexes commercial venues special events large crowds generally fall based types vehicle emergency disaster conditions lead vehicles serving makeshift van truck typical ambulance based chassis van truck chassis modified designs specifications car fly car rapid response patients sit standard car models adapted requirements service cars capable taking patient requires removal passenger seat use particularly long car case early converted serving vehicles able accept human body position motorcycle developed areas rapid response emergency travel heavy traffic faster car van trailers patient transporting units motorcycle ambulance bicycle response usually pedestrian areas large vehicles find access difficult like motorcycle ambulance bicycle connected trailer patient transport developing world cycle terrain vehicle example response road especially events modified carry tasks mountain rescue inaccessible areas golf cart rapid response events campuses function similarly rough terrain capability noise helicopter usually emergency care places inaccessible road areas speed essence able travel significantly faster road ambulance helicopter fixed wing discussed greater detail air ambulance fixed wing aircraft acute emergency care remote areas australia patient transport long distances following illness injury foreign country transportation distant hospitals helicopter fixed wing discussed greater detail air ambulance boat boats serve especially island areas areas large number canals venetian water vessels fit description ambulance transport casualty ship ships hospital ships operated national military services ships operated charities meet definition provide transport sick wounded treatment sent disaster war zones provide care casualties events bus cases buses multiple casualty transport purposes taking patients journeys context major incidents deal specific problems drunken patients town centres ambulance discussed greater length article trailer instances trailer towed self propelled vehicle permits flexibility areas minimal access vehicles small islands horse cart especially developing world areas traditional methods transport include transport horse cart way motorcycle bicycle units transport local clinic hospital train early hospital trains functioned carry large numbers wounded soldiers similar ambulance types western medicine developed hospital trains gained ability provide treatment rural locations hospital trains function mobile hospitals traveling rail location parking siding provide hospital services local population hospital trains find use disaster response services especially north_america train firefighters emergency medicine carry basic medical supplies design transport patients vehicle type gallery design construction ambulance design account local conditions infrastructure maintained roads necessary road going arrive scene transport patient hospital rugged areas wheel drive terrain vehicles fuel available service facilities necessary maintain vehicle methods telephone usually rely electronic equipment relies intact power grid similarly modern equipped way radios cellular enable contact hospitals appropriate hospital ambulance pending arrival cases physicians form ambulance crew physician medical oversight manufacturers frequently manufacturer light trucks size previously cars toyota ford second manufacturer known second stage manufacturer purchases vehicle purchased incomplete having body interior driver seat turns ambulance adding emergency vehicle equipment interior fittings methods modifications started scratch built vehicle system pre built box chassis ambulance finished modern typically powered internal engines powered conventional fuel including diesel gasoline petroleum gas depending preference operator availability different options colder regions use gasoline powered engines difficult start cold warmer regions favor diesel engines thought efficient diesel power chosen safety concerns series fires involving gasoline powered 1980s fires ultimately attributed gasoline higher comparison diesel fuel type engine determined manufacturer past decades ford sell vehicles ambulance conversion diesel powered beginning ford sell ambulance chassis gasoline engine order meet emissions requirements standards regions prescribed standards meet order role standards different levels reflect type patient ambulance expected transport instance different standard routine patient transport high base standards size vehicle instance europe publishes standard minimum compliance levels build ambulance including crash resistance equipment levels exterior marking united_states standards ambulance design existed standard published known standard revised times currently version known states adopted version published design standard considering switching withdrawn reaching countries history codes india approved national standard ambulance construction safety like emergency vehicles required operate weather conditions including civilian drivers elect stay road ambulance crew responsibilities patient use safety devices seat belts research shown likely involved motor vehicle collisions resulting injury death fire trucks police cars occupants particularly riding patient care compartment particularly vulnerable compared civilian vehicles similar size study found accident basis ambulance collisions tend involve people result injuries year retrospective study concluded found fatal ambulance crashes occurred emergency runs typically occurred improved straight dry roads clear weather furthermore risk helping patients died ambulance trips equipment addition equipment directly treatment patients fitted range additional equipment order facilitate patient care include way radio important pieces equipment modern emergency medical services allows issuing jobs ambulance allow crew pass information control hospital example priority message alert hospital impending arrival critical patient recently services worldwide moved traditional analog sets monitored externally secure digital systems working system mobile data terminal fitted mobile data connected central computer usually control center function instead alongside way radio pass details jobs crew log time crew mobile patient arrived left scene fulfill computer based function evidence gathering fitted video cameras record activity inside outside vehicle fitted sound recording facilities form protection violence ambulance crews cases dependent local laws prove cases member crew stands accused tail lift ramp fitted tail lift ramp order facilitate loading patient having undertake lifting especially important patient specialty care transports require large equipment hospital beds equipment linked designed pull heavy patients vehicle trauma lighting addition normal working lighting fitted special lighting blue red patient air conditioning fitted separate air conditioning system serve working area serves cab helps maintain appropriate temperature patients treated feature additional features airborne data placed record information speed braking power time activation active emergency warnings lights seat belt usage coordination gps units intermediate technology parts world lack high level infrastructure designed meet local conditions built intermediate technology trailers pulled animals animal powered particularly useful regions subject flooding fitted motorcycle subject limitations traditional road level care provided varies merely providing transport medical clinic providing scene continuing care transport design intermediate technology account operation maintenance ambulance construction design important nature skills required properly operate vehicle cost effectiveness high priority appearance markings emergency highly likely involved hazardous situations including incidents road traffic collision create people likely need treatment required gain access patients quickly possible countries given certain traffic laws instance able treat red traffic light stop sign yield sign way permitted break speed limit generally priority response assigned priority return decided ambulance crew based severity patient illness injury patients significant danger life limb determined require urgent treatment advanced medical personnel need emergency fitted passive active visual warnings alert road users passive visual warnings passive visual warnings usually design vehicle involve use high contrast patterns older developing countries likely pattern painted modern generally carry retro reflective designs reflects light car popular patterns include board alternate coloured squares called named type cake pointed vehicle pointing vertically upwards rear stripes type retro reflective device introduced original reflective material invented came tape form addition retro reflective markings services vehicles painted bright yellow orange maximum visual impact operated painted similarly ease identification fact bright red striking color appropriate type vehicle passive marking form word ambulance local language variant spelled reverse vehicle enables drivers vehicles easily identify approaching ambulance rear view mirrors display owner operator emergency telephone number ambulance service carry emblem passive warning markings red_cross red crystal collective known symbols laid geneva convention countries agree restrict use military national red_cross society use person organization agency breach international law protective symbols designed indicate people especially combatants case war vehicle neutral fired giving protection casualties adhered israel red_cross member organization use red star david recognition israeli borders use widely originally designed governed red_cross symbol legally protected national international law indicates vehicle operators render given level care represented pointed star ambulance services historical origins use cross identify especially important countries australia operate state territory ambulance service australia ambulance services use variations red cross fire service operated display incorrectly called cross cross frequently fire department logo patron saint firefighters active visual warnings active visual warnings usually form flashing lights flash order attract attention road users ambulance approaches provide warning motorists approaching stopped ambulance dangerous position road common colours ambulance warning blue red amber white clear colours vary country operator technologies use achieve flashing effect include flashing light led flashing rotating lights usually brighter lights programmed flash singly groups programmed flash patterns left right pattern use ambulance parked left hand road indicating road users right away ambulance led lights programmed burn steadily flashing required provinces emergency lights housed special fittings hidden host light drilling hole host light emergency light hidden lights apparent activated additionally standard lights fitted ambulance tail lamps programmed flash flashing typically high beams alternately known wig order increase safety best practice coverage active warnings improving chance vehicle seen sides countries united_states mandatory emergency vehicle equipment warnings addition visual warnings fitted warnings known alert people vehicles presence ambulance seen warnings mechanical bells mounted roof ambulance modern fitted electronic producing range different noises ambulance operators use attract attention particularly proceeding intersection heavy traffic speakers modern integral hidden flush reduce noise inside ambulance interfere patient care radio communications additionally fitted warnings augment effectiveness system recent development use system car radios ambulance fitted short range set code radio cars range manner traffic broadcast way user receiving radio unable opt message traffic broadcasts feature built radio use national emergency broadcast systems short range units emergency vehicles prove effective means traffic presence unlikely system replace warnings unable alert pedestrians compatible radio turned service providers countries closely regulate industry require working ambulance qualified set level allow wide differences types operator operating separately alongside fire police service area funded local national government countries tend found big cities countries great_britain emergency nationwide system canada ambulance services normally operated local municipalities provincial health agencies separate entity fire police services fire countries united_states japan hong_kong france operated local fire police service commonly fire service overlapping calls particularly common rural areas maintaining separate service necessarily cost effective service preference prefers handle parts emergency medicine house cases lead illness injury attended vehicle ambulance fire truck charities non profit companies operate emergency patient transport function similar lines volunteer fire companies providing main service area community privately owned linked voluntary fire department volunteers providing services charities focus providing community cover private events sports etc red_cross provides service world volunteer basis organisations volunteer seen providing support time ambulance crews times emergency cases volunteer charity employ paid members staff alongside volunteers operate time ambulance service parts australia ireland new_zealand private ambulance service normal commercial companies paid employees contract local national government private companies provide patient transport elements ambulance care transport places contracted provide emergency care form second tier response areas private services cover emergency transport functions government agencies provide service companies larger companies provide services organisations provide services known stand cover industrial sites special events april private ambulance services registered private services canada operate non emergency patient transfers private functions service emergency service agencies found places airports large colleges universities key feature personnel trained ambulance care peace officer police function found smaller towns cities size budget warrant separate services multi functionality allows limited resource budget having single team respond emergency provide ambulance service service community ambulance care unreliable use dependent services providing hospital charity ambulance special type ambulance provided charity purpose taking sick children adults trips away hospitals care homes long term care examples include project company ambulance large factories industrial centres chemical plants oil ambulance services provided employers means protecting interests welfare staff response vehicles event fire explosion costs cost ambulance ride paid sources depend type service provided possibly government funded service majority cost transport ambulance borne local regional national government normal taxation privately funded service transport ambulance paid patient insurance company point care payment guarantee treatment transport issue critically injured patients unable provide details system billing later charity funded service transport ambulance provided free charge patients charity donations sought services received hospital funded service hospitals provide ambulance transport free charge condition patients use hospital services pay differing levels qualification ambulance crew hold holding formal qualification having fully qualified doctor board ambulance services require crew members ambulance drive attend patient response cars sole crew member possibly backed double ambulance case attendant need qualified driver medical training locations advanced life support ambulance basic common ambulance crew qualifications person arrives scene incident job provide early critical care automated external dispatched ambulance service dispatched scene agencies police fire departments services employ staff medical qualification aid certificate job simply drive patients place place emergency ambulance contexts term qualified providers implying perform function driving acceptable patient transport community operations areas drivers survey study local network routes better performance service road routes blocked driver know route patient hospital driver gather local weather traffic status reports training radio knowing medical supplies stored ambulance assistant varying levels training world staff usually required perform patient transport duties include wheelchair cases acute care dependent provider trained aid extended skills use oxygen therapy skills provide emergency cover units available accompanied fully qualified technician emergency care assistant emergency care support workers known members ambulance drive vehicles emergency non emergency conditions incidents role assist working technician duties drawing drugs setting basic observations performing lead assessments emergency medical technician known technicians usually able perform wide range emergency care skills spinal bleeding control suspected assisting patient certain oxygen therapy countries split term levels basic registered nurse nurses involved ambulance work dependent jurisdiction doctors air medical conjunction technician bring different skills care patient especially critically ill injured locations enjoy close proximity high level definitive care trauma cardiac stroke centers high level medical training usually involves key skills technicians ability administer range drugs skills performing dependent jurisdiction title protected title use relevant qualification result criminal prosecution position called super media designed bridge link ambulance care care general qualified undergone training trained longer term care trained range additional techniques doctor doctors present notably air employ physicians attend bringing range additional skills use military use military historically included vehicles based civilian designs times included armored unarmed vehicles based armoured personnel carriers second world war vehicles pressed service hoc recent times purpose built serve exclusive purpose armored medical vehicles civilian based designs painted appropriate colours depending operational requirements camouflage field use white united_nations etc example fleet white based production trucks military helicopters served hoc purpose built air extremely useful laws war demand marked red_cross mount offensive weapons military unarmed generally accepted practice countries classify personnel attached military vehicles marked non combatants application exempt medical personnel catching enemy fire accidental deliberate result medical personnel attached military usually basic military training assumption use weapon laws war allow non military personnel carry individual weapons protecting casualties exercise right personnel recently israel modified number main battle tanks ambulance features order allow rescue operations place heavy fire urban warfare modifications following failed rescue attempt palestinian gunmen killed soldiers providing aid palestinian woman armored personnel carriers regular armored sufficiently protected anti tank weapons improvised explosive devices decided use heavily armored tank rear door enables evacuation critically wounded soldiers israel remove weaponry claiming weapons effective protection palestinian disregard symbols protection fire use ground treatment evacuation vehicles united_states military currently employs heavily armored ground ambulance treatment evacuation vehicles contracts incorporate newly designed armored medical evacuation vehicle variant known navies operate ocean going hospital ships lend medical assistance high casualty situations like wars natural disasters hospital ships fulfill criteria ambulance transporting sick injured capabilities hospital ship par line laws war ships display prominent red_cross protection appropriate designation protected hospital ships enemy fire reuse retired ambulance retired donated sold provider alternately adapted storage transport vehicle crime scene identification equipment command post community events support vehicle logistics unit refurbished emergency equipment removed sold private businesses individuals use small recreational vehicles toronto city_council begun hope project provide retired toronto second life people el_salvador requires retired half years service ontario year
|
Ambulance
|
Natural sciences
|
Biology and medicine
|
Medical people and institutions
|
6813_JosephWidney
|
december july american doctor educator historian religious leader american_civil_war led medicine followed brothers california received medical degree saw southern california garden los_angeles founder strong proponent new second president founding dean major interests real estate interests california flourished early promoter new metropolis believed deeply los_angeles major city city use water local mountains recreate lake founder los_angeles methodist pastor published books mainly views california history peoples commercially published died having seen los_angeles major city conspicuous southern generation cultural leader los_angeles nearly seventy years early life born december ohio son nephew father died pneumonia age graduating entered oxford ohio months studied latin greek classics received honorary doctor laws degree race life peoples enlisted union_army civil war served medical ships ohio mississippi rivers discharged physical nervous collapse encouragement older brothers uncle california sailed san_francisco panama arriving november travelled california visited missions lived spanish speaking inhabitants returned university receiving master arts degree later january moved san_francisco june began session medical course later graduating head class doctor medicine degree october married twice wife california lived los_angeles california area brother judge died los_angeles february buried los_angeles city cemetery second wife married december california february los_angeles river flood caused loss homes including moved 26th street nearer new founder flower festival society organized flower festivals raise money home poor working women died march home los_angeles remarried medical career graduated california october enlisted army military surgeon posted drum barracks wilmington california month named acting assistant surgeon wars discharged moved los_angeles began medical practice october sharing offices griffin general mexican patients anti law enacted doctors licensed medical practitioners advertise medical skills january helped found oldest association california founders wanted establish medical schools publications raise medical standards advocated aid poor public health civic philanthropy medical licensing created licensed medical society president bust commissioned placed lobby headquarters believed scientific medicine opposed faith healing mind cure practitioners professor principles practice medicine college medicine proposed structure study medicine advocated creation los_angeles public health officer helped organize helped establish society monthly journal served editor years author helped found served board governors years judge wrote edited history los_angeles published collaborated founder producing california south california tourist guides volume race life peoples published funk published works said diseases written money sole object carving broader lines human race years careful historical study thought planned worked end ultimate purpose run publications drum barracks arizona interested conservation chairman committee years credited white settlement improvements southern_california climate including variation temperature winds increased rainfall concerned water conservation warned called identifying concern gained official recognition los_angeles sought preservation great forest areas future generations january suggested flooded establish lake criticized proposal ranger book americas said atlantis area bahamas located thought semi tropical island inhabited peoples americas europe believed submerged lost continent california development saw potential los_angeles visit january posted drum barracks brother arrived los_angeles lawyer later judge city real estate agent publisher invested real estate los_angeles area financially independent allowed retire practice medicine los_angeles_times called extensive property owner city time owned block street block sixth broadway property corner ninth streets erected methodist episcopal church owned building street college medicine located investment land started early april august bought thirty lots wilmington near harbor area acres near owned parcel land stands washington los_angeles california home victorian mansion way stood los_angeles boom bought acres km2 land miles northeast los_angeles comprising relatively undeveloped township california formed create town personal reflection period speculative conspiracy honest houses built los_angeles_times june said purchased hotel bath houses town known miles east downtown los_angeles springs purchased renamed town said look log cabin days looking multi lane highway cow track supported development los_angeles age wrote plan development los develop los_angeles proposed roads tunnels cross sierra mountains linking city interior desert according future city lies hands ought larger deeper great water system factors settle future time strike lists los_angeles avid civic expect urban growth bring gains predicted city great metropolis envisioned los_angeles developing health capital world health culture member october books promoted california california south described earliest tracts wrote health suffering mind body trying cold climate minnesota warm climate florida visiting cannes nice traveling cuba noticing losing flesh grown sunken appetite breath temperature longer normal turns hope meant southern_california people followed found hope public service helped define railroad maritime commercial policy southern_california robert professionals effective railroad harbor improvements active transport enterprises development harbor wanted los_angeles harbor successfully lobbied united_states congress funding harbor california port los_angeles chairman successfully opposed attempt railroad interests partners claiming state harbor purposes ensuring lands remained public hands supported dividing state california establishing commonwealth southern_california regarded enthusiastic advocates new california south years advocated division state california states order maximize representation indicated topography geography climatic commercial laws work separation california distinct civil organizations said distinct peoples growing state time rapidly drawing near separation working natural laws making people separation civil laws book americas suggested united_states canada united_kingdom australia new_zealand south_africa form anglo saxon federation freedom migration common citizenship republican general politics earnest worker cause los_angeles_times piece suggested liquor question restriction manufacture sale subject republican party platform issue party rebuilt interested progress prohibition served head city anti saloon league regarded outstanding early educator los_angeles involved conception served member heavily responsible creation beginning year boom cycle los_angeles served founding dean responsibility accepted years resignation september according academic year declared applicants medical school rest denied admission race color religion sex death founding president december elected second president recognized lord accepted presidency difficult time history young institution undergraduate students focus providing secondary education eighteen thousand dollars debt set separate governing board debt tying branch institution closely california raised giving personal security loans saving bankruptcy increased support conference enthusiastically adopted new financial program institution church distinguished trusted leaders helm time annual conference university passed financial crisis principal work spring resigned years intensive service university president announced intention spend year studying east board finally accepted resignation turned aside repeated requests reconsider decision addition responsibilities served years member president october dedication hall announced intention organize bible practical nursing principal studies religious interests raised street methodist ohio uncle methodist missionary china early methodist missionary japan korea los_angeles methodist members organization devoted securing better support supported founded non wanted church poor announced service october near october organised suggested new church returned methodist church pastor appointed church formally organized thousands years pastor growth congregation led building seat building paid cost construction compensation new building dedicated june church renamed methodist resigned methodist episcopal church influenced teachings preacher broad minded inclusive minister described king great broad minded spirits church racial beliefs lamented decline influence power original hispanic population california said visit hospitals late look vain mexican history indicates spring probably colored persons city numbered souls hold good city property acquired industry farmers mechanics useful occupation remarkable good habits african american activist race life peoples support view significance contributions blacks development modern civilization wrote occupied wider territory vastly greater influence earth americas suggested united_states buy united_kingdom african americans slavery later years attributed longevity living simply keeping busy age advocated liquor tobacco drugs fanatic liquor medicine need excuse tobacco drugs recommended hours sleep night short day died july home los_angeles california aged services held home buried cemetery los_angeles california july march new crippled children high school renamed school aged special educational needs hall alumni house university original building declared los_angeles historic cultural monument december honors distinguished graduates presenting alumni award portrait painted american artist bust sculpted list works books authored walter california south physical geography climate resources complete guide book southern_california company 3rd edition warner california spanish occupancy founding september july prepared committee appointed reprint books california containing history earliest period occupancy present time prospective future biographical mention pioneers prominent citizens day chicago author page jane centennial history actively involved society garden pages details los_angeles biography city berkeley imperial valley sea yesterday today los_angeles biography founder author biographical notes colleague age carries california western medicine san_francisco history los_angeles community builders los pages physician mystic los_angeles anderson simon gay history potter family reprinted international archives project reprinted thesis leaves
|
Joseph Widney
|
Natural sciences
|
Biology and medicine
|
Medical people and institutions
|
7377_ForthValleyRoyalHospital
|
hospital located scotland beds operating theatres scotland largest construction project time surpassed built cost million site old opened patients operated forth valley hospital scotland ranger site job encourage use acre grounds belonging estate scotland fully robotic robots label hospital employs robots carry tasks removing waste delivering food cleaning operating theatres background forth valley royal hospital designed subsidiary cooperation builders consultation process involving local residents decided new acute hospital built replace facilities community hospitals time construction hospital scotland largest construction project cost million build provided private finance initiative arrangement built site old originally called granted royal status hoped new hospital ready medical services start transferred august patients admitted process completed june queen officially opened hospital july facilities set acres woodland hospital beds spread floors operating theatres contain mixture single rooms maximum beds ward section bed access personal television screen free charge hospital contains region accident emergency department following closure unit hospital provides services residents area stretching north south services include use staff patients visitors hospital catering establishments including shop cafe restaurant open seven days week hospital design criticised providing space storage medical files expected files stored years meantime paper medical files transferred site old old ray department hospital converted storage department cost taxi company contracted records sites hospital house radio station operates hours day seven days week staffed team volunteers founded originally broadcast old based returning opening grounds hospital set grounds old estate housed state mental hospital acres land contain walled garden woodland areas grounds transformed green oasis use hospital local community help grant hospital scotland ranger site ranger job encourage use green space promote healthy lifestyles hospital fitted large windows patients access views surrounding countryside clear days forth bridges seen tunnels discovered hospital construction thought built allow wealthy guests staying house built walk nearby transport hospital accessible public transport bus services operating main local towns shuttle bus longer runs minutes railway station free passengers train ticket station minute walk away train station large car park spaces provided free maximum stay hours bicycle racks provided cycling hospital hospital use system robotic fleet robotic vehicles operates hospital supplied maintained services company year contract provide cleaning catering maintenance services robots corridor system lifts underneath hospital navigate guidance called staff portable computer tasks removing waste delivering food cleaning operating theatres avoid risk cross contamination fleet divided robots performing clean tasks carrying dirty tasks network corridors hospital scotland fully robotic robots label estimated reducing number errors requiring staff time system cost install cut hospital drug bill instead completing forms staff order drugs computer
|
Forth Valley Royal Hospital
|
Natural sciences
|
Biology and medicine
|
Medical people and institutions
|
7576_Neurolinguistics
|
study mechanisms human brain control production acquisition language field draws methods theories fields science communication disorders computer science researchers drawn field variety backgrounds bringing variety experimental techniques widely varying theoretical perspectives work informed models theoretical focused investigating brain implement processes theoretical propose necessary producing language study mechanisms brain processes information related language evaluate linguistic theories brain imaging computer modeling history historically rooted development 19th century study linguistic occurring result brain damage attempts structure function analyzing effect brain injuries language processing people draw connection particular brain area language processing french surgeon conducted numerous individuals speaking deficiencies found brain damage left frontal lobe area known area claim early 19th century different brain regions carried different functions language controlled frontal regions brain research possibly offer evidence relationship described making pivotal fields science later area named proposed different areas brain specialized different linguistic tasks area handling motor production speech area handling speech work established field idea language studied examining physical characteristics brain early work benefited early twentieth century work mapped surface brain dividing numbered areas based area cell structure function areas known areas widely today term attributed late 1940s 1950s book problems likely book title popularized united_states 1970s founding journal brain language historical core recent years field considerably thanks emergence new brain imaging technologies pet time sensitive techniques highlight patterns brain activation people engage language tasks techniques particular emerged viable method study language discovery brain response shown sensitive issues language language relevant brain response identified discovery increasingly widely conducting language research discipline interaction fields closely related field seeks mechanisms language employing traditional techniques experimental psychology today theories inform collaboration fields work involves testing evaluating theories forth theoretical general theoretical propose models explain structure language language information organized propose models explain language information processed mind analyze brain activity biological structures populations networks carry processing example experiments sentence processing brain responses examine brain responses reflect different predictions sentence processing models forth serial model unification model new predictions structure organization language based insights physiology brain knowledge structures language structure research carried major areas main linguistic addresses given table topics considered research investigates topics including language information processed language processing time brain structures related language acquisition learning contribute speech language language processes work like early studies investigated locations specific language brain research questions include course language information follows brain processed particular areas processing particular sorts information different brain regions interact language processing locations brain activation differs subject producing language language time course language processes area literature involves use techniques analyze rapid processing language time temporal ordering specific patterns brain activity reflect processes brain undergoes language processing example theory sentence proposes brain responses products different steps processing language acquisition topic relationship brain structures language acquisition research language acquisition established linguistic environments similar predictable stages research attempts find stages language development stages brain development research investigates physical changes known brain undergoes second language acquisition adults learn new language observed second language acquisition experience induced result language exposure concludes increase gray white matter found children young adults elderly function second language learning changes human brain journal devoted study nervous system behavior language techniques study disorders language relate physical characteristics brain technology focuses field testing linguistic models technology experiments highly relevant study modern brain imaging techniques contributed greatly growing understanding organization linguistic functions brain imaging methods classified methods methods methods stimulate directly techniques advantage fact area brain works task blood sent supply area oxygen known bold response techniques include pet techniques provide high spatial resolution allowing researchers location activity brain temporal resolution information timing brain activity hand poor bold response happens slowly language processing addition demonstrating parts brain specific language tasks methods demonstrate structure brain language architecture distribution language related activation change time function linguistic exposure addition pet areas brain activated certain tasks researchers use imaging shows pathways connect different brain areas providing insight different areas interact functional near infrared method language tasks techniques advantage fact group brain fire create electric current technique measures electric current sensors measures magnetic fields generated currents addition non invasive methods study language processing techniques able measure brain activity providing excellent temporal resolution important studying processes place quickly language production hand location brain activity difficult identify consequently technique primarily language processes carried research generally focuses event related distinct brain responses generally realized negative positive peaks activity response particular studies focus long begins peaks high low peak topography response picked sensors important common components include occurring early left anterior occurring early left topography readiness potential experimental design experimental techniques employ variety experimental techniques order use brain imaging draw conclusions language represented processed brain techniques include design violation based studies forms direct brain language studies particularly use brain activation task thought involve aspect language processing compared activation task thought involve similar non linguistic processes involve linguistic process example participants read words compared participants read strings random letters attempt activation related processing processing real words participants read complex sentences compared participants read simpler sentences documented component frequently experiments response occurs brain subject hears set identical standards sequence response rare set perceived test speakers perceive sounds organize example landmark study colleagues evidence subjects presented series speech sounds acoustic parameters perceived sounds spite acoustic suggesting human brain representations abstract words subjects hearing specific acoustic features abstract addition study processing recognition word category violation based studies advantage violations rules experimental analyzing brain responses subject encounters violations example sentences beginning phrases garden worked english phrase structure rule brain response called early left anterior violation techniques use reported evidence violations effect similar methods reported response violation designs studies pet colleagues example spelling violations investigate location processing brain common use violation designs combine kinds violations sentence predictions different language processes interact type crossing violation study extensively investigate processes interact people read hear sentences refers phenomenon subject recognize word quickly recently presented word similar meaning morphological makeup composed similar parts subject presented prime word doctor target word nurse subject faster usual response time nurse assume word nurse brain accessed word doctor accessed investigate wide variety questions words stored retrieved brain structurally complex sentences processed magnetic new technique studying brain activity uses powerful magnetic fields applied brain outside head method exciting brain activity specific controlled location able imitate symptoms giving researcher control exactly parts brain examined invasive alternative direct similar types research requires subject removed individuals undergoing major brain operation individuals undergoing surgery logic direct similar logic particular language function impaired specific region brain knocked region implicated language function studies date direct recording recording brain activity placed directly brain predictions behavior human brains subject tasks experiments subjects simply sit listen watch instructed perform sort task response subjects perform tasks recordings taken usually order ensure paying attention study suggested task subject effect brain responses results experiment decision decision task involves subjects seeing hearing isolated word answering real word frequently studies subjects known decision quickly word related word doctor nurse judgment judgment studies especially violation based studies subjects decision usually task ensure subjects reading sentences distinguish acceptable unacceptable sentences way expect experimental evidence shown instructions given subjects judgment task influence subjects brain responses experiment showed subjects instructed judge sentences brain response response commonly associated processing response instructed ignore judge sentences sense probe studies use probe task overt judgment experimental sentence followed probe word subjects answer probe word appeared sentence task like judgment task ensures subjects reading listening avoid additional processing demands matter type violation presented study truth value judgment subjects instructed judge sentence acceptable logical proposition expressed sentence true false task commonly studies child language active distraction double task experiments subjects task ensure subjects consciously paying attention experimental test certain brain carried automatically regardless subject resources example study subjects listen non linguistic tones long ear speech ear instructed subjects press button perceived change tone supposedly caused subjects pay explicit attention violations speech subjects showed response suggesting processing errors happening automatically regardless attention subjects unable consciously separate attention speech related form experiment double task experiment subject perform extra task finger tapping nonsense syllables responding linguistic kind experiment investigate use working memory language processing
|
Neurolinguistics
|
Natural sciences
|
Biology and medicine
|
Medical people and institutions
|
7602_BarendJosephStokvis
|
dutch pronunciation august september physician professor physiology mainly remembered description acute researcher chemical contributions understanding number diseases diabetes considered expert tropical medicine celebrated medical educator authored influential textbook number prominent 19th century jewish physicians netherlands early life education born jewish physician amsterdam studied medicine amsterdam obtaining doctorate production diabetes thesis appeared shortly publication related work french influenced chemist amsterdam subsequently travelled paris vienna possibly prague establishing medical practice amsterdam continued medical research awarded gold medal essay development kidney disorder protein detected scientific career appointed lecturer medicine medicine professor received university status served rector dean university 1880s prolific output mainly chemical included research acid studies epidemic cholera amsterdam deadly substances blood including nature heart sounds contributions tropical medicine considered expert described blood disorder reported case acute illness provoked newly introduced hypnotic drug known observed unusual dark red discovered contained coined condition patient underlying condition probably acute intermittent provoked similar reports followed shortly soon found drugs induce attacks swedish chemist analysed red compound found patients related attacks labeling identified german chemist derive named greek purple purple color important work judged contemporaries volume speeches soon translated french appeared shortly death activities close influential german elected member served vice president academy awarded received honorary doctorate laws chaired amsterdam founders international journal history medicine regarded member holland medical dynasty pioneer fields chemical physiology professor medicine supporter woman qualify doctor netherlands addition medical work succeeded father president charitable member founder board member patron arts personal life married sister close friend banker philanthropist children ardent swimmer wrote poetry spoke languages died amsterdam shortly returning holiday ireland thought
|
Barend Joseph Stokvis
|
Natural sciences
|
Biology and medicine
|
Medical people and institutions
|
8641_Women'shealthinIndia
|
women health india women health india examined terms multiple vary geography standing culture adequately improve health women india multiple dimensions analysed relation global health averages comparison men india health important factor contributes human economic growth currently women india face multitude health problems ultimately affect aggregate economy output addressing gender class ethnic exist healthcare improving health outcomes contribute economic gain creation quality human capital increased levels savings investment gender bias access healthcare united_nations ranks india middle income country findings indicate india worst countries world terms gender inequality ranked india terms gender inequality value indicator gender inequality index determined numerous factors including maternal mortality rate adolescent fertility rate educational achievement labour force participation rate gender inequality india exemplified women lower likelihood continuing education participating labour force gender social health include social economic political factors play major role health outcomes women india high level gender inequality india negatively impacts health women role gender plays health care access determined examining resource allocation household public sphere gender discrimination begins birth females commonly aborted sex india female aborted mother pregnancy experience family preference son born daughters prone fed sons especially multiple girls household women mature adulthood barriers preventing achieving levels health stem low status women girls indian society particularly rural poverty affected areas low status subsequent discrimination women india attributed cultural norms societal forces hierarchy families contribute indian gender roles men use greater privileges superior rights create unequal society leaves women little power societal structure exemplified women low participation india national parliament labour force women seen valuable family marriage obligations illegal indian cultural norms force payment husband family higher future financial burden daughters creates power structure sons household formation additionally women perceived incapable taking care parents old age creates greater preference sons daughters taken women seen valuable men lower involvement public sphere exemplified labour political participation rates stigma valuable family women face unique form gender discrimination gender turn directly related poor health outcomes women numerous studies found rates admission hospitals vary dramatically gender men visiting hospitals frequently women differential access healthcare occurs women typically entitled lower share household resources healthcare resources lesser degree men attributed access fewer household resources weaker power household furthermore found indian women frequently illnesses illness contributed cultural norms gender expectations household gender dramatically influences use care study found boys likely receive girls rural areas finding led researchers believe sex child leads different levels health care administered rural areas gender component associated mobility indian women likely difficulty traveling public spaces men resulting greater difficulty access services cooperative conflicts approach gender cooperative conflicts approach gender frames women gender disadvantage different responses breakdown perceived interest perceived contribution responses breakdown response derived nash describes breakdown positions individuals cooperative decisions breakdown position individual person solution conflict ultimately result favourable conditions individual terms women health india overall gender disadvantage facing women represented cultural societal factors favour men women negatively impacts ability decisions regards seeking healthcare perceived interest response describes outcome decision individual value solution derived aforementioned individual individual result favourable outcome person value health status women india relates perceived interest response societal cultural practices create environment self worth women compared men outcomes relating healthcare decisions households favour men greater self worth perceived contribution response describes favourable position individual individual contribution perceived contributing group individuals favourable perception gives individual better outcome solution terms women health india males perceived contribution household productivity higher women ultimately affects power women regards healthcare problems india healthcare system turn 21st century india health care system strained terms number healthcare professionals including doctors nurses health care system highly concentrated urban areas results individuals rural areas seeking care providers varying results found individuals claim physicians actually lack formal training nearly percent physicians classified providers actually medical training phenomenon varies geographically women negatively affected geographic bias implementation current healthcare system india health workers country nearly thirds men especially affects rural areas found doctors percent women translates approximately female physicians individuals rural areas access maternal care rural urban populations highly concentrated urban medical system according government maternal mortality rural areas approximately percent number maternal mortality urban areas indian government taken steps alleviate current gender government india established commission meant address women face specifically rape family slow pace change judicial system aforementioned cultural norms prevented adoption policies meant promote equality men women india enacted primary goals reduce infant mortality maternal mortality ratio additionally aimed create universal access public health services balance gender ratio research study conducted found india able improve measures maternal health enactment country far emerging economies outcomes health problems tribal women high breast women created health impacts remote population leave breast cancer type routine unknown indigenous people belonging points district officer nutrition plays major role individual overall health psychological physical health status dramatically impacted presence india currently highest rates women developing countries study found nearly percent non pregnant women percent pregnant women terms iron main drivers gender specific selection distribution food resources study found intake early approximately equal rate increases women enter adulthood furthermore found increased married women compared non married women maternal associated increased risk maternal mortality child birth defects addressing problem lead beneficial outcomes women children breast cancer india facing growing cancer epidemic large increase number women breast cancer year nearly percent world cancer cases come developing countries fifth cases coming india sudden increase breast cancer cases attributed rise country includes limited diet greater urban concentrations women later child bearing additionally problems india health care infrastructure prevent adequate screenings access women ultimately leading lower health outcomes compared developed countries india shortage trained cancer centres health care system reproductive health lack maternal health contributes future economic mothers children poor maternal health affects child health adverse ways decreases woman ability participate economic activities national health programmes family welfare programme created address maternal health care needs women india india witnessed dramatic growth decades maternal mortality remains high comparison developing nations nation india contributed nearly percent maternal deaths worldwide primary reasons high levels maternal mortality directly related conditions cultural constraints limiting access care maternal mortality identical india particular state urban areas lower overall maternal mortality availability adequate medical resources example states higher literacy growth rates tend greater maternal health lower infant mortality hiv aids july women represent approximately percent hiv aids cases india number rising locations india rise attributed cultural norms lack education lack access government public health system provide adequate measures free hiv testing problem cultural aspects increase prevalence hiv infection insistence woman man use imply usage protective barriers sex furthermore primary methods women historically protect transmission hiv current mortality rate hiv aids higher women men forms women health india reason higher rates economic dependence men women likely taken hospital receive medical care health needs comparison men creates greater risk women suffer complications associated hiv evidence suggest presence hiv aids infection woman result lower marriage prospects creates greater stigma women suffering hiv aids reproductive rights india abortion legislation early 1970s access remains limited cities percent health care centres able provide necessary services abortion current lack access attributed shortage physicians lack equipment perform procedure common aborted india female numerous factors contribute abortion female example women highly educated born female child likely female act sex selective abortion contributed male female ratio census sex ratio children aged continued long trend males preference sons daughters india rooted social economic religious reasons women believed lower value society non status financial support old age security property inheritance beliefs surrounding religious duties contribute preference sons daughters main reasons preference sons potential burden having find daughters families women india pay expenses related marriage order marry daughter increases cost associated having daughter health disease major contributor female mortality india indians account world heart disease burden despite accounting world population indian women particular high mortality cardiac disease raising awareness issue women higher mortality rates relating disease men india differential access health care sexes reason differing rates access stems social cultural norms prevent women appropriate care example found patients heart disease women likely operated men families felt surgery women furthermore found families failed seek medical treatment daughters stigma associated negative medical histories study conducted found boys girls heart disease boys operation girls receive similar treatment primary driver difference cultural standards women little leverage selection partner elder family members find suitable husbands young females households women known adverse previous medical histories ability find partner significantly reduced difference leads health outcomes men women mental health mental health consists broad scope measurements mental including depression stress measurements self worth numerous factors affect prevalence mental health disorders women india including older age low educational fewer children home lack paid employment excessive alcohol use evidence suggest associated gender increase risk mental health disorders women find acceptable men use violence female partners view valuable men turn lead women seek fewer avenues healthcare ability cope mental disorders common disorders affect women low income countries depression indian women suffer depression higher rates indian men indian women faced greater degrees poverty gender disadvantage higher rate depression difficulties associated relationships marital relationships economic cited main social drivers depression found indian women typically describe symptoms emotional psychological trigger symptoms depression makes difficult accurately assess depression women india light depression gender plays major role depression indian women mothers blamed birth female child furthermore women female child face additional pressures male children add overall stress level women india lower onset men women men differ associated face men tend suffer functioning women suffer marital functioning time onset plays role women tend diagnosed later life following birth children children removed care ill mother cause distress suicide indian women higher rates suicide women developed countries women india higher rate suicide compared men common reasons cited women suicide directly related depression anxiety gender disadvantage related domestic violence high rates suicide found india south asia gender disadvantage gender disadvantage expressed domestic violence women suicide rate particularly high female sex workers india face numerous forms discrimination gender line work domestic violence domestic violence major problem india domestic violence acts physical psychological sexual violence women found world currently viewed hidden epidemic effects domestic violence victim economic effects influence entire societies economies countries domestic violence prevalent tend lower female labour participation rate addition higher medical expenses higher rates disability prevalence domestic violence india associated cultural norms hierarchy families domination occurs males use superior rights privileges power create social order gives women men differential gender roles resultant power structure leaves women powerless targets domestic violence men use domestic violence way controlling behaviour response india national family health survey iii percent women reported having victims physical violence months preceding survey actual number victims higher women domestic violence fail report instances sense shame embarrassment stemming cultural norms associated women husbands furthermore women occur order protect family honour study conducted data india national family health survey iii found domestic violence rates vary numerous geographical economic measures study found women worst middle high income women researchers believe reason higher rates domestic violence come greater pressures resulting poverty additionally study found women labour force faced greater domestic violence according researchers working women power system indian households men feel threatened earning potential independence women react violently shift gender power structure favour largest factors associated domestic violence women prevalence alcohol use men households study conducted found domestic violence women dropped dramatically women ownership property includes land housing
|
Women's health in India
|
Natural sciences
|
Biology and medicine
|
Medical people and institutions
|
8883_EvanO'NeillKane
|
april april surgeon working pennsylvania united_states late 19th early 20th centuries member notable family members family physicians family home listed building known remarkable feat removing appendix local age operated age repair ways kane practices included patients kane public eye gave evidence sensational trial son murder kane founding members chief surgeon large kane work railway surgery field contributed number innovations procedures equipment included windows brain surgery multiple site family home kane father general founder town kane pennsylvania prominent abolitionist played role preventing war friendship kane mother practiced medicine brother william called sister kane elder brother engineering graduate princeton kane married wife died year later weeks giving birth son march married june children august february august august twin born date kane son head romance language department charged murder wife drowning chesapeake_bay trial sensation time crowds people outside courthouse unable find room inside instrumental obtaining son presenting medical evidence trial established heart condition contributed drowning resigned position university trial book local historian gives fictionalized account events arctic explorer related uncle different person son brother kane lived family home listed national_register_of_historic_places built kane mother house son families original family home burned architect married kane family cousin word honours arctic explorer elizabeth died thomas moved family new home designed leaving family sole occupants remained kane home office death kane died pneumonia age shortly trial son months major operation sons william founded kane concept cottage hospital originated thought wounds healed better kane air died years elizabeth founded hospital hospital patients moved larger site built land donated known graduated philadelphia practiced physician kane later chief surgeon position held time operation died hospital facility ceased work hospital building administration public hospital received charitable grants tight family control hospital led complaints local physicians claimed able freely use hospital patients admitted condition chief surgeon final treatment complaining physicians felt judge proper treatment patients found condition unacceptable february formal complaints resulted investigation requesting hospital grant withdrawn matter hospital assistant away florida time answering charges fell brother board management hospital medical staff hospital superintendent hospital admission rules changed result investigation commissioners found position unacceptable profits hospital contrary large donations recommended stock holding hospital broadly extended outside kane family commissioners requested private practice offices moved outside hospital offices paid occupants cost fuel water lighting borne hospital railway surgery kane railway surgeon different railroads kane time railway surgery markedly different surgery hospital considered field frequently needed operate great distances proper hospital facility dirty conditions operations performed basic equipment materials industrial accidents railways resulted crushing injuries large proportion estimated operations kane performed years treatment accidents railways kane medical innovations intended aids surgeon field clearly inspired work railway surgeon innovations kane responsible uses music medical therapy starting played music operating theatre prior patient kane believed effect patients effective simply talking surgeon distracted conversations assistants experience soon dried modern studies shown music help reduce pain following operation consequently reduces need pain killing drugs kane invented improvement murphy button device commonly usually surgical kane seeking device larger possibility losing patient fitted murphy button kane presented paper addressing difficulty field kane lists difficulties conditions tendency veins collapse following kane solution device administer multiple instances simultaneously kane device kane normally sufficient normal slow emergency conditions kane invention rate fluid replacement times kane device subsequently criticised use rubber proposed alternative improved design sites faster fluid technique use today kane novel ideas materials use surgery influenced work railway surgery particularly concerned materials good use field advocated use supplies obtained locally hardware stores similar suppliers woven material readily available time keeping problem field unlike modern supplied sealed sterile packs time immediately use emergency situation little time use fire proof allowed quickly open fire kane proposed use repair head wounds exposed damaged brain cited advantages provided window physician observe damage emergency field obtained removing window application commonly time kane innovations use field lamp worn head surgeon intended operations carried field night kane says particularly useful abdominal cavity kane advocated practiced newborn place identifying mark matching identical tattoo mother kane aware cases claims babies mixed wished avoid possibility occurring hospital kane view complex clerical systems designed prevent errors implemented large hospital small hospital administrative staff run simply available kane argued impossible positively prove mistake purely clerical system surgery kane history operating self fingers infected operation removing appendix local performed february age brought wider media attention believed undertaken self operation kane experience procedure patient perspective mind local future patients medical conditions prevented general administered wanted ensure procedure tolerated patient kane believed usual general time dangerous local kane fairly recent replacement dangerous cocaine kane performed operation carried nearly times aid mirrors enabled work area time operation major today remove appendix larger needed modern surgery techniques kane taken home following day operation kane sensation time continued reported years instance discusses article recently held example commitment self motivation book occasion age kane repaired local caused horse riding accident years earlier operation carried press including photographer attendance operation dangerous earlier risk operation lasted hour minutes kane operating theatre working hours later career kane started signing patients letter code india ink operation finish task fell later chief surgeon alcohol kane opposed consumption alcohol alcohol previously widely treatment medicine kane believed necessary desirable spoke suggestion sale spirits reintroduced army bases alcohol ceased available soldiers base prelude prohibition army abolished years attempted introduce bill reversing decision efforts supported petition physicians letter kane soldiers find amusement attractive time determined effort taste officers plenty spare time hands publications fire proof dressing december cure internal pressure march new apparatus fracture september simple device rapid shock march new rapid april pin appendix july night operating october cardiac displacement september peculiar twin gestation february operating room june railway army surgery comparison december therapy april metal clips deep wound closure injury cancer patients securing specimens prior operation march case history march medical society state pennsylvania sheet brain surgery
|
Evan O'Neill Kane
|
Natural sciences
|
Biology and medicine
|
Medical people and institutions
|
9695_JohnStruthers(anatomist)
|
sir february february professor anatomy dynamic teacher administrator transforming status institutions worked equally passionate anatomy enthusiastically seeking largest finest specimens including colleagues single minded quest money space collection scientists best known work bears work rare came attention descent man help argue case man mammals shared common ancestor public famous whale whale appeared hunted dragged ashore exhibited britain took opportunity recover bones medical profession known transforming teaching anatomy papers books wrote efficient work medical school awarded medicine highest honours including membership fellowship presidency finally early life son alexander wife lived large stone built 18th century house grounds outside john born house alexander wealthy mill owner merchant bought early 19th century spinning mill built nearby mill open air near house living gone leaving house seat family mary father maker alexander mary married marriage warmly lasted alexander death despite large age difference alexander mary buried abbey children boys girls boys privately classics mathematics modern languages home went boating summer skating winter nearby dam rode went swimming nearby went long walks wealthy friends older brother james younger brother alexander studied medicine james doctor alexander died cholera serving doctor war sisters provided simple education poor friends daniel daniel historian reformer medical career studied medicine edinburgh winning prizes undergraduate completed degree fellow time college licensed brother james teach anatomy courses taught medical school edinburgh recognized examining bodies england scotland ireland worked way royal surgical assistant surgical clerk house physician house surgeon finally surgeon passion anatomy told story concentrated anatomy day failed look outside observe street procession known disruption launched lecturer anatomy professor anatomy recently formed crown chair recognized government prestigious position application chair supported letters public figures including known doctors politicians 2nd home secretary scottish lord advocate support men actively connected friends relatives including cousin reverend energetic wife success campaign family moved held years time radically transformed anatomy teaching university improved medical school set museum anatomy helped lead reconstruction vigorously collected specimens museum prepared provided mainly work hands expense specimens arranged enable students compare anatomy different animals intended comparative anatomy exhibits demonstrate evolution presence structures example mammals arm hand human wing bird horse whale continually demands senate additional room space money museum wishes colleagues faculty great lengths obtain specimens particularly wanted occasion led court action long admired skeleton borrowed ostensibly clean despite society urgent requests returned stayed museum years hoped obtain specimen president tried museum society obtained court order removing skeleton published papers anatomy set popular series lectures public held saturday evenings methods remain relevant today powerful effect medical education britain establishing format years pre clinical academic teaching examination sciences underlying medicine including especially anatomy system lasted reform medical training 21st century successors anatomy school write undoubtedly greatly dismayed drastic reduction teaching basic medical sciences subsequent perceived decline knowledge medical students practicing quote students informed foundation sciences principles profession understand disease treatment practice routine application directions textbook teacher awards honours awarded honorary doctor laws degree work medical education given honorary membership president appointed remained member elected fellow president held position years sir queen_victoria service medicine scientific work evolution advocates theory evolution speaking publicly corresponding observations comparative anatomy studies interested abnormal variations anatomy additional toes collected specimens offered darwin described rare extra band tissue present humans running bony projection elbow showed presence inherited significance darwin understood organ function humans inherited structure certainly function mammals including mammals opening bone important structures median nerve run observed present humans nerve run darwin took mean humans mammals common ancestor work evidence chapter descent man lower passage near lower end called great nerve fore limb great pass man generally trace passage fairly developed formed depending hook like process bone completed band closely attended subject inherited occurred father seven children present great nerve invariably passes clearly indicates lower animals turner estimates informs occurs cent recent skeletons occasional development structure man probable return ancient state things higher absent whale anatomy coastal city gave opportunity observe time time washed scotland coast observed described blue whale called great fin whale brought entire skeleton whale anatomy department century suspended overhead hall vigorously collected examples wide range species form museum intention illustrating darwin theories energetic forceful personality strong enthusiasm alarmed colleagues constantly asking money space acquire house collection whale known general public whale largest specimens end december whale appeared attracting local interest night struggle escaped week later found dead towed beach near quickly visited measuring feet long tail feet inches wide able start local entrepreneur bought whale took yard sunday people paid allowed famous specimen badly public exhibition working room reputed like deck greenland disturbed admitted public fee watch assistants work military band playing background progress snow showers able remove skeleton woods flesh stuffed taken profitable tour far edinburgh london months waiting august able remove skull rest skeleton decade wrote seven anatomy articles whale complete monograph life family siblings included doctor hospital years youngest brother died married born january august sister chief clerk came scottish medical family parents old families james practised surgeon english border small town northumberland james death country city wrote great majority profession country practitioners hardest work profession winter nights world asleep long weary drive far libraries hospitals museums societies comparative isolation want guidance tend city mark father law chemist married daughter mary grandfather explosives chemist sir father law educator married daughter retirement retiring returned edinburgh buried north east section central edinburgh wife joined sons alexander james john worked medical profession john followed father working hospital finally president publications authored manuscripts books including following books john observations edinburgh john edinburgh stewart john memoir anatomy whale edinburgh papers john points abnormal anatomy arm foreign john points anatomy great fin whale john bones muscles rudimentary hind limbs john october new year course study remarks position anatomy earlier studies relative value lectures john external characters parts anatomy
|
John Struthers (anatomist)
|
Natural sciences
|
Biology and medicine
|
Medical people and institutions
|
11300_MaríaTeresaFerrari
|
ferrari ferrari october october argentine educator medical doctor women rights activist female university professor latin_america women allowed teach medicine pioneering researcher women health studying use radiation therapy surgery developing women health care brazil established ward services hospital central provided services country born wealthy family involved ensuring argentina independence spain expected work outside home ferrari chose career insisted participating male dominated medical profession earned teaching diploma school teacher graduated medicine completing residency applied teach university level instead offered teaching post outraged fought years prevented advancing career ferrari won fight granted alternate finally awarded ferrari undertook additional medical study europe united_states learning pioneering techniques brought argentina studied tract monitoring earning diploma given woman designed studied radiation therapy performed section columbia_university responsible bringing innovations argentina implementing unit established ardent feminist established pushed recognition civil political rights women government argentina took conservative turn late 1930s pushed hospital later early 1950s teaching died early life education born october buenos_aires argentina white family founding citizens argentina paternal great grandfather provided money assist defeating spanish maternal great grandfather served army ferrari enrolled receiving teaching certificate woman ferrari social class paid work unusual time understood cases financial necessity poor women nurse teach considered charitable upper class women expected wives mothers ignoring convention embarked career medicine began teaching ferrari taught studied psychology cutting edge field known experimental psychology applied classes caused authorities launch investigation teaching methods allowed continue teaching techniques students encouraging learn proved effective ferrari enrolled medical school continuing teach women history argentina earned medical degrees enrollment desired legal precedent bar year assigned work assistant research inspired continued participation medical research ferrari graduated year married graduating doctor couple child ferrari known simply career struggle university ferrari started work clinic hospital applied teach university turned proceedings honorable june stated despite qualifications psychological reasons people feminine sex meet required conditions engaged professors faculty medicine following year permitted teach lacked prestige credentials university opening alternate appeared ferrari university met resistance members delayed calling fill vacancy altering evidence ignoring recommendations decision sent detailed outline accomplishments committee stating taught secondary schools years dedicated years field medicine enrolled university courses years adviser having read qualifications sent message dean admit grounds qualified shown dedication school met application alternate approved vote thirteen news female university professor latin_america headlines spanish speaking countries newspapers argentina including capital los buenos_aires italian spanish carried stories triumph interim await decision ferrari continued studies visited europe including facilities austria belgium england france germany italy assisted clinic paris washington awarded diploma given woman studies tract monitoring designed easier multiple previous models device significantly improved services available women brazil featured articles rio_de_janeiro innovation won grand prize held spain ferrari particularly interested investigating alternatives surgery studies radiation therapy basis thesis treating radiation appointed argentine governmental delegate child welfare congress geneva major topics conference training labor practices finally approved returned argentina celebration held august jockey club attended minister interior director hospital research mentor colleagues peers family members friends ferrari appointed head buenos_aires post held mid career development ferrari traveled mexico united_states canada studying months attending conferences united_states participated section columbia_university argentine performed surgery baby born result surgery named argentina served argentine delegate held mexico presided general session presented papers addressed delegate 2nd congress panama returned united_states additional studies focused investigating developed prevent development conditions resulting ferrari founded goal improving social legal standing women specifically opening educational doors recruited professional women including doctors lawyers organized scientific cultural discussions regular courses french german physical education mathematics offered nearly members political civic limitations threatened women careers clearly concern organization official statement supported mere political women real right acquired suffering work experienced women argentine organization joined served ferrari inspiration military hospital later career ferrari called assist military wife hospital central unit proposed developed ferrari started facility bed donated equipment supplies military gazette began june year services available hospital military wives aware services growth years ferrari expanded service floors housed unit delivery rooms facility recovery unit beds private rooms developed small sealed room air kind argentina ferrari brought techniques learned abroad argentina performed parts world decades resistance implementing professionals experience ferrari insisted introduced fought previous practice surgical solutions cases advocating surgery absolutely necessary commemoration 10th anniversary unit attended minister war director general health hospital director senior officials children born past years families commission marine wives received service ferrari unit substantial donation despite success atmosphere hospital remained hostile following coup état country shift conservative stance infamous decade ferrari ultimately forced leave hospital ferrari disappointment having leave hospital offset finally professor receiving title 1940s continued education traveling cuba new_york pennsylvania peru puerto_rico publishing research variety journals resigned president continued represent organization conferences like attended years teaching ferrari forced retirement refused participate political contribution fund asked resign position professor psychology join supporters ideals took retirement elected instituted massive overhaul health system argentina appointed health minister beginning hospital beds added programs instituted campaign malaria launched improvements early 1950s clear policies applied implementation erratic political working provision health services need years ferrari resigned resigned disillusioned administration ferrari member correspondent member surgery rio_de_janeiro ferrari died october buenos_aires selected works ferrari works french spanish outlined research scientific topics included following spanish buenos_aires spanish buenos_aires spanish buenos_aires del spanish buenos_aires spanish buenos_aires col par french paris spanish buenos_aires radio spanish buenos_aires spanish buenos_aires los spanish buenos_aires spanish buenos_aires par french paris revue traits success par french radio spanish madrid
|
María Teresa Ferrari
|
Natural sciences
|
Biology and medicine
|
Medical people and institutions
|
12329_MarySeacole
|
née grant jamaican woman scottish african descent set british hotel lines war described mess table comfortable quarters sick officers provided wounded servicemen battlefield posthumously awarded voted greatest black acquired knowledge medicine caribbean war broke applied assist refused travelled independently set hotel assisted battlefield wounded extremely popular service personnel raised money faced war death forgotten century today celebrated woman successfully racial prejudice biography lands earliest mixed race woman aspects accuracy questioned claimed achievements exaggerated political reasons erection statue thomas hospital london june describing pioneer nurse generated controversy controversy broke united_kingdom late reports proposal remove country early life born kingston jamaica daughter scottish soldier british_army lieutenant free jamaican woman mother traditional caribbean african ran boarding house considered best hotels kingston acquired nursing skills autobiography states early experiments medicine based learned mother doll progressing pets helping mother treat humans proud scottish ancestry called term commonly racially neutral sense refer children white settlers indigenous women autobiography records good scots blood veins father soldier old scottish family legally classified person limited political rights robinson speculates technically personal autobiography contemporary stereotype lazy proud black ancestry writing shades deeper brown skin shows related proud relationship poor held enslaved bodies america owns west indies outpost british_empire late 18th century britain foreign trade britain economic interests protected massive military presence line infantry regiments serving spent years household elderly woman called kind returning mother treated member family received good education educated daughter scottish officer free black woman respectable business held high position jamaican society visited london stayed year visited relatives merchant family london number black people records companion west indian skin darker shades children little brown nearly white according returned london approximately year later bringing large stock west indian preserves sale later travels unprotected woman sponsor unusual practice returned jamaica caribbean returning jamaica old illness finally returning family home hall death years later worked alongside mother occasionally called assist british_army hospital caribbean visiting british colony bahamas spanish colony cuba new republic haiti records travels mention significant current events christmas rebellion jamaica partial abolition slavery abolition slavery married hamilton kingston november marriage described lines conclusion chapter autobiography middle names intriguing robinson reports legend family illegitimate son 1st mistress emma adopted thomas local surgeon man indicates nelson left diamond ring friend lord given late husband godfather mention nelson merchant poor constitution newly married couple moved opened provisions store failed returned early 1840s suffered series personal disasters family lost boarding house fire kingston august burned replaced described better husband died october followed mother period grief says stir days composed turned bold fortune assumed management mother hotel rapid recovery hot blood sharp edge grief sooner europeans thought nurse secretly hearts absorbed work declining offers marriage later widely known respected particularly european military visitors jamaica stayed hall treated patients cholera epidemic killed attributed outbreak infection brought steamer new_orleans louisiana demonstrating knowledge theory hand experience benefit years central_america half brother edward moved panama approximately miles coast followed family trade establishing accommodate travellers eastern western coasts united_states number travellers increased enormously california gold rush limit rainy season lasts june december travellers ride approximately miles trail pacific_ocean coast miles river atlantic_ocean vice versa dry season river subsided travellers switch land river miles farther downstream settlements submerged formed panama canal travelled visit brother shortly arrival town struck cholera disease reached panama hand treat victim survived established reputation brought succession patients infection spread rich paid treated poor free rich poor succumbed preferring lead lead water boiled preparations moderate success faced little competition treatments coming little inexperienced doctor sent government roman_catholic_church epidemic population later expressed resistance claiming plague despair performed autopsy orphan child cared gave decidedly useful new knowledge end epidemic survived cholera return passed july military duty men party died disease shortly route despite problems disease climate panama remained favoured route coasts united_states seeing business opportunity opened restaurant hotel described rooms smaller bedroom larger serve soon added services barber wet season ended early joined traders packing records white american giving speech leaving dinner wished god best woman asked listeners join shades removed entirely black went means acceptable company deserves replied firmly appreciate friend kind wishes respect dark happy useful respected respect value declined offer drank general reformation american manners notes use american clear english supposed white moral intellectual superiority comments positions responsibility taken escaped american slaves panama army public offices commenting wonderful freedom equality elevate men records americans attributes fact slaves briefly ran woman hotel late travelled home jamaica journey delayed difficult encountered racial discrimination trying book passage american ship forced wait later british boat soon arriving home asked jamaican medical authorities minister victims severe outbreak yellow fever found little epidemic severe memoirs state boarding house saw die wrote sent medical authorities provide nurses sick claim bring nurses went left sister nurses house went camp mile kingston best little severity epidemic returned panama early business affairs months later moved establishment fort miles away near superintendent related late husband read newspaper reports outbreak war russia left jamaica news escalating war reached panama determined travel england volunteer nurse experience pride glorious war described chapter autobiography war war lasted october april fought russian_empire alliance united_kingdom france ottoman_empire majority conflict took place peninsula black_sea turkey thousands troops countries involved drafted area disease broke immediately hundreds perished cholera hundreds die waiting shipped voyage prospects little better arrived poorly staffed hospitals medical provision wounded britain letter times october triggered secretary state war approach form detachment nurses sent hospital save lives interviews quickly held suitable candidates selected left turkey october travelled navy bay panama england initially deal investments gold mining businesses attempted join second contingent nurses applied government offices arrangements departure underway memoir wrote brought ample testimony experience nursing example officially cited medical officer west gold mining company applied fund raised public subscription support wounded sponsorship travel met refusal finally resolved travel resources open business cards printed sent ahead announce intention open establishment called british hotel near mess table comfortable quarters sick officers shortly caribbean acquaintance arrived unexpectedly london formed partnership assembled stock supplies embarked dutch screw steamer january maiden voyage constantinople ship called malta encountered doctor recently left wrote letter introduction visited asked bed night intended travel day join business partner memoirs reported meeting friendly asking want lies power shall happy told night journey able find dark bed found breakfast sent morning kind message memoir states subsequently saw miss meetings recorded text transferring stores transport ship remainder following set day voyage british lacking proper building materials gathered abandoned metal wood spare moments view debris build hotel found site hotel place christened spring hill near miles main british supply road british camp near mile british headquarters hotel built salvaged packing cases iron sheets salvaged architectural items glass doors window frames village hired local labour new opened march early visitor noted french chef travelled help improve diet british soldiers records meeting work describes old dame appearance shades darker white lily requested advice manage business advised concentrate food service beds visitors slept board ships harbour tents camp hotel completed july total cost included building iron containing main room shelves storage attached kitchen wooden sleeping enclosed stable yard building stocked provisions shipped london constantinople local purchases british camp near french camp nearby sold needle anchor army officers visiting meals served hotel cooked black kitchen provided outside catering despite constant particularly livestock establishment prospered describes meals supplies provided officers closed daily sundays cooking leisure moments wash hands roll roll called frequent visitor praised offerings noting offered champagne visit special correspondent times newspaper wrote work doctors manner men extraordinary success attendance near battle field aid wounded earned poor fellow near time departure acknowledged favourable views consistent known meeting remarks knew women sides told encounter know miss fond passed gave board lodging related inquiries replied smile like leaves hear deal good poor soldiers want nurses wrote brother law went troops selling provisions near british camp attending casualties brought trenches valley widely known british_army mother apart serving officers provided catering spectators battles spent time miles north observer occasion attending wounded troops fire right thumb injury healed entirely dispatch written september special correspondent times wrote warm successful physician doctors manner men extraordinary success attendance near battle field aid wounded earned poor fellow blessing russell wrote miss chef point wearing brightly coloured highly conspicuous clothing bright blue yellow contrasting colours lady later recalled personally spared pains visit field minister hands things comfort alleviate suffering freely giving pay late august route final assault september french troops led british beaten dawn sunday september city burning control clear fallen russians retreated fortifications north harbour later day fulfilled bet british woman enter fell having obtained pass toured broken town bearing visiting crowded hospital docks containing thousands dead dying russians foreign appearance led stopped french rescued passing officer looted items city including church bell altar metre long painting madonna fall hostilities continued fashion business day prospered interim period officers taking opportunity enjoy days theatrical performances horse racing events provided catering joined year old girl sarah known described egyptian beauty daughter sarah blue eyes dark hair alleged sarah illegitimate offspring colonel evidence met visited jamaica time nursing ailing husband speculates thomas day sarah father pointing unlikely meeting panama england unusual business partnership peace talks began paris early friendly relations opened allies russians lively trade river treaty paris signed march soldiers left difficult financial position business provisions new goods arriving daily creditors demanding payment attempted sell possible soldiers left forced auction expensive goods lower expected prices russians returning homes evacuation allied armies formally completed july conspicuous foreground dressed riding habit leave returning england poorer left contribution welfare british troops summed professor black british nurse claimed successful mixed race immigrant britain led adventurous life memoir lively read kind generous friends customers army navy officers came rescue fund declared bankrupt vastly exaggerated ease suffering effective existed said word dying closed eyes dead war probably greatest kindness serve hot tea cold suffering soldiers awaiting transport hospital wharf deserves credit rising occasion tea save lives pioneer nursing advance health care london end war returned england poor health conclusion autobiography records took opportunity visit lands return journey robinson attributes state requiring roundabout trip arrived august considered setting shop day hampshire attended celebratory dinner soldiers royal surrey gardens august chief guest honour reports times august news world august indicate huge crowds protecting pressure crowd creditors supplied firm pursuit forced street increasingly dire financial straits street declared bankrupt november robinson speculates business problems caused partner day horse trading set unofficial bank debts time began wear military medals mentioned account appearance bankruptcy court november bust based original depicts wearing medals identified british medal french medal robinson says apparently award having joined britain france supporting turkey russia war stated obituary june received russian medal identified formal notice award exists london gazette unlikely formally rewarded actions bought miniature dress medals display support affection sons army plight highlighted british press consequence fund set prominent people donated money january day granted certificates bankruptcy day left seek new opportunities funds remained low moved street cheaper square early triggering plea punch fund raising kept public eye wanted travel india minister wounded indian rebellion new secretary war lord financial troubles fund raising activities included held royal surrey gardens monday july thursday july successful event supported military men including major general lord commanded lord artists performed including military bands orchestra conducted attended crowd circa entrance charge night tuesday performance production costs high having financial problems immediately festival result received quarter profits event eventually financial affairs ruined company resolved march indian mutiny page autobiographical account travels published july lands autobiography written black woman britain priced copy cover bears striking portrait red yellow black ink robinson speculates dictated work editor identified book improved grammar work deals years life short chapter chapters years panama following chapters detail exploits avoids mention names parents precise date birth short final conclusion deals return england lists supporters fund raising effort including duke wellington duke newcastle prominent men military book dedicated lord commander division wrote preface witnessed devotion courage trust england forget sick sought wounded aid performed offices dead later life joined roman_catholic_church circa returned jamaica changed absence faced economic prominent figure country running short money fund resurrected london new patrons including duke edinburgh duke cambridge senior military officers fund able buy land duke street kingston near built new home plus larger property rent london robinson speculates drawn prospect rendering medical assistance franco prussian war likely approached sir husband sister member parliament buckingham closely involved time wrote letter kept bad house responsible improper conduct london joined periphery royal circle prince victor nephew queen_victoria young lieutenant customers carved marble bust exhibited summer exhibition personal princess wales suffered white leg died home london cause death noted left estate valued specific exactly main sister lord colonel trustees fund left received diamond ring said given late husband lord nelson short obituary published times buried roman catholic cemetery london recognition known end life rapidly faded public memory work overshadowed years recent years resurgence interest efforts properly acknowledge achievements case study racial attitudes social britain nineteenth century cited example hidden black history like magic lady dark scarce seen flame florence better remembered caribbean posthumously awarded headquarters christened followed quickly naming hall residence jamaica ward named memory grave rediscovered service held november impressive restored centenary death celebrated memorial service english_heritage blue plaque erected residence george street westminster march removed site redeveloped green plaque unveiled george street westminster october blue plaque positioned square lived 21st century prominent buildings entities mainly connected health care named mayor london editor spectator wrote learning daughter school speculated find facing grim possibility education introduced life story taught primary schools alongside florence voted place online poll great black portrait identified class stamps showing important commemorate anniversary british buildings organisations commemorate mary centre nursing practice created web based collection research based evidence good practice information relating health needs minority ethnic groups resources relevant multi cultural health care mary research centre leicester problem based learning room george named houses mary building new buildings bear new headquarters street mary ward douglas centre named annual prize recognise develop leadership nurses health visitors named acknowledge achievements exhibition celebrate birth opened london march originally scheduled months exhibition popular extended march campaign erect statue london launched november chaired baron design sculpture planned erected grounds thomas hospital announced june significant opposition statue unveiled june feature film life short animation adapted book entitled mother published celebrations featured bbc portrayed dimensional sculpture erected controversies recognition provoked reaction argued promoted expense attempt promote professor written support attack reputation pioneer public health nursing opposition statue thomas hospital grounds connection institution stated qualify mainstream figure history nursing letter times signed members including historians biographers asserted battlefield took place post battle selling wine spectators kind generous battlefield fire pioneer nursing article times literary supplement asked come viewed pioneer modern nursing comparing black nurse concluded deserves credit rising occasion tea save lives pioneer nursing advance health care appears appendix key stage national curriculum example significant victorian historical figure requirement teachers include lessons end reported removed opposing historical consultant stated medical achievements exaggerated removing curriculum mistake argued accomplishments exaggerated anybody contrary view afraid accused racism asserted case argued leaked proposal remove concentration solely large scale political military history fundamental shift away social history daily_telegraph argues plans new history curriculum mean women children learn queens january operation black vote launched petition request education secretary drop wrote letter times protesting removal declared successful february approximately signatures forced
|
Mary Seacole
|
Natural sciences
|
Biology and medicine
|
Medical people and institutions
|
13971_VictorNegus
|
sir february july british surgeon specialised fundamental contributions comparative anatomy work structure evolution born educated london studying king college london followed final years medical training interrupted world war served war qualified surgeon studied france usa resuming career junior surgeon 1920s worked aspects throat surgery anatomy work contributing degree master surgery surgical innovations included designs operating table equipment major publications mechanism work clinical text diseases nose throat starting fourth edition awarded published medical papers works comparative anatomy senior surgeon consulting surgeon founders helping establish discipline newly formed member numerous international national organisations presided fourth international congress london period career following second world war worked anatomy played key role rebuilding establishing collections animal comparative married sons retired continued publish comparative anatomy history medicine honours retirement included fellowship king college london honorary degree medal honorary ireland honorary gold medal royal college england died aged early life education victor born february london youngest sons william née father solicitor justice peace deputy lieutenant victor pre university education took place awarded scholarship king college london strand studies years included subjects passing required examinations proceeded stage basic medical education nearby time located portugal street strand lincoln years study led membership known diploma marking formal qualification practice medicine final year studies usher funeral service lord westminster abbey connection generation came worked surgical house surgeon sir house surgeon stages training involved diseases ear nose throat direction influenced guided years following qualification worked started clinical training golden square interrupted outbreak world war served months war initially deployed 1st saw action trenches line machine gun battalion battle effects explosives period left followed period serving hospital barges posted 3rd division took deployed western opening months war later awarded star service ended surgical career family following discharge army advice guidance resumed studies preparations career throat surgery graduated london bachelor surgery taken surgical exams fellow qualification gain experience spent periods time abroad studying renowned firstly france secondly philadelphia usa return london clinical assistant point early surgical career took different approach common time leading surgeon ear nose throat undertook basic research structure lead higher degree publication books papers topic later years engaged research continued work appointed junior surgeon period following return usa promoted methods tools seen philadelphia jackson worked improve designs equipment surgery instruments developed collaboration included surgical innovations developed included operating table known table speaking valve use tubes helped develop strategies treatments throat cancer aid choice surgery married known eve sons david richard surgical medical teaching career continued progress appointed surgeon major work clinical medicine fourth edition diseases nose throat published work reference described years standard textbook english subject major literary contribution clinical medicine edition continued work earlier editions worked jointly new edition fifth edition worked men published following death sixth edition appeared family moved surrey second world war served medical capacity time retirement colleague appointed senior surgeon reached peak profession consulting surgeon post war period patients future prime minister winston_churchill diagnosed high frequency hearing loss retired clinical teaching work age comparative anatomy parallel career throat surgeon teaching hospital leading expert comparative anatomy nose strand professional life started research carried 1920s eventually led degree master surgery awarded work started early laboratories museum housed collections animal specimens gathered working specimens adding supplied carried meticulous enabled trace stages evolution development wide variety animals research submitted thesis excellence work recognised award gold medal degree addition gave april talk titled mechanism recognition work came professor followed years later awarding came prize following year published observations conclusions mechanism classic piece research referred years later standard reference book topic work shown main function valve allows air lower respiratory tract humans voice vital function lecture resulting work given auspices named german born british talk delivered november title observations law earlier works followed second world war publication work condensed updated version original work post war period increasingly study function nose organ sense smell role nose prompted wartime damage included loss parts collection contained specimens prepared hungarian adolf demonstrated undertook replace destroyed damaged specimens extend collection animal specimens work covered lecture delivered title introduction comparative anatomy nose followed years later publication later work carried retirement laboratories research years topics relation nose throat surgery led awarding medal presented following year delivered april titled comparative anatomy physiology respiratory tract relation clinical problems years later end life published legacy field assessed british surgeon comparative sir expert writing subject harrison states pioneer research mechanism animal established unique comparative harrison quotes scottish sir preface mechanism preface work described showing patient power assembling observation observation darwin hot pursuit function urged hunter societies administration leading practitioners served roles organisation administration national international level particular worked closely body responsible representation practising england wales organisation supported comparative anatomy located london president president training surgeon general surgery changing advent ear nose throat medicine combined specialised discipline colleagues attempted set necessary structure represent profession emerging regulations place allow type organisation planned led found able represent following war opted represent level member college worked set examination taken diploma reorganisation taking place background immense change medicine practised advent colleague writing credits having represent interests established major right president number held including fourth international congress large event took place london week july held great hall king college london attended specialists countries patron king congress opened president host annual meeting held london august september treasurer associated gave talks numerous medical societies abroad connections ranging honorary corresponding honorary foreign societies included american countries included sweden denmark canada usa austria france italy hungary turkey opined obituary unlikely surgeon honoured societies following retirement continued involvement trustee later chairman trustees collection included specimens research thirty years earlier published books history college collections history trustees collection artistic possessions honours awards legacy later years received awards honours fellow king college london july received honorary fellowship tributes followed honorary doctor science conferred london honorary fellow years later knight bachelor taking place buckingham palace february august turn ireland honorary fellowship addition awards continued lectures including demonstration awarded lecture april received william chicago usa monumental contributions science february sir sir stanford presented honorary gold medal royal college england award thirty times prior ceremony presented liberal acts distinguished discoveries improvement natural knowledge healing art medal presented sir president paid tribute sir distinguished served council opted member known great research worker scientist earned medal man exceptional integrity industry persistent advocate value tradition best sense paid tribute wife crafted presented college coat arms responding thanked members privilege having college facilities concluding honour mark approval work feel sit leave carry like thank inviting wife day taken great died july age survived wife children status history remarked obituary times stated worthy fourth appeared range medical journals course biographical entries appeared volume lives photographic portraits held collections london archives relating houses reserve collections sections animals additional collections animal heads prepared held london selected publications books mechanism diseases nose throat 4th edition 5th edition 6th edition comparative anatomy physiology comparative anatomy physiology nose williams articles course evolutionary history man evidence nose archives obituary observations air conditioning mechanism nose annals sir archives voice annals named lectures mechanism lecture observations law lecture september introduction comparative anatomy nose ann comparative anatomy physiology respiratory tract relation clinical problems ann lecture october bull
|
Victor Negus
|
Natural sciences
|
Biology and medicine
|
Medical people and institutions
|
14945_NewWavelandCafeandClinic
|
formed disaster response center consisting combination café soup kitchen medical clinic donation center market operated free charge september december immediate mississippi cafe clinic founded response hurricane katrina provided free food free medical care hurricane victims months located tents parking lot street destroyed served free meals day thousands residents volunteers provided free health care patient contacts group christians came form unique group worked provide emergency relief impact katrina ocean county situated long history hurricanes county leveled hurricane county population vast majority population exposed harsh effects hurricane katrina hurricane katrina landfall gulf_coast august category hurricane town destroyed described worst punishment katrina official reports stated approximately people died hit directly eyewall katrina foot storm surge hurricane katrina came ashore high tide feet hurricane katrina damaged mississippi libraries total loss requiring complete rebuild cafe cafe originated friends rainbow family began communicate possible response aftermath hurricane katrina rainbow family best known rainbow gathering large primitive type camping event people attend attend gatherings skilled making serving food extremely large groups people long periods time basic situations cafe operated free charge supported solely donations cafe served meals times day volunteers built ran cafe attendees rainbow gatherings attendees cafe volunteers appeared look like reported clinic temporary emergency clinic set august housed tents stone skills emergency medical technician previous experiences volunteer coordinator order build clinic clinic recruited volunteer doctors medical students nurses different parts united_states volunteer week time medical tools donated dozens organizations including donated majority months operation clinic documented patient encounters clinic equipped staffed physicians specializing family medicine internal medicine clinic operated primarily walk clinic patients doctor complaints receive free medication lack functioning emergency room clinic utilized facility stabilize patient ambulance route transport patient emergency room closest hospitals miles west louisiana louisiana miles east memorial hospital mississippi local hospital hurricane ray blood laboratory available exception testing strips physicians described practicing battlefield medicine unit volunteers unique bond disparate groups formed result hurricane groups attendees counter culture rainbow gathering arrived time efforts led reverend colonel pete group represented different little common faith able aside differences focus entirely humanitarian efforts cooperation groups described unlikely bunch evangelical christians facilities buildings structures destroyed high winds flooding entire relief effort took place temporary tent based structures cafe housed large dome usually found burning man festival clinic originally started tents purchased supermarket weeks operation foot long foot tall tent donated erected month later additional foot long foot tall added
|
New Waveland Cafe and Clinic
|
Natural sciences
|
Biology and medicine
|
Medical people and institutions
|
16362_JohnBenjaminMurphy
|
born december wisconsin august michigan american physician abdominal surgeon noted advocating early surgical intervention murphy button murphy murphy punch murphy test bone best remembered eponymous clinical sign evaluating patients acute career spanned general surgery surgery helped gain international prominence surgical profession founder called surgical genius generation course career renowned surgeon teacher author addition general surgical operations performed described innovative procedures plastic surgery surgery surgery ventured techniques bone life death murphy born log cabin wisconsin parents irish immigrants escaped potato famine later raised farm striking figure tall strong red beard murphy died heart disease michigan having ill months staying grand hotel attended wife suffered years death attributed days prior death correctly predicted findings autopsy think plaques education training murphy attended public school graduated obtained doctorate entered eighteen month practiced briefly performed practical work universities hospitals vienna munich berlin time spent working vienna introduced techniques use today academic career europe returned chicago start general practice quickly recognized leader abdominal surgery appointed lecturer surgery end elected professor surgery named professor clinical surgery currently acclaimed bone surgery held position worked returned taught death surgeon chief held commission mercy developed following wet operated audience physicians world attended sessions method wider lectures demonstrations print publication secretary words printed surgical chicago surgical chicago subsequently surgical north america continue publication notable experiences early career doctors summoned scene community area chicago dressed approximately men working bomb thrown chicago police officers leading deaths high profile trial murphy called testify labor unrest leading surrounding events led tradition day labor rallies october assassination attempt united_states president milwaukee wisconsin roosevelt brought chicago asked roosevelt fears bullet wound said roosevelt responded hunted long doctor know kill bull short gun legacy surgical prowess questioned approach practice considered segment professional colleagues work highly regarded contemporaries europe chicago early advocate intervention removal appendix cases thoughts controversial time conservative management having met skepticism presentation gathered evidence cases presented opinions authority subject known following murphy button mechanical device murphy punch punch angle cases murphy sign sign murphy test test deep seated muscular cases murphy administration patients bone common commercial steel instrument head procedures murphy developed eponymous button preferred treatment acute equally suitable developed experimental animal laboratory barn house week developing dog murphy button credited forerunner modern end end instrument having method choice operations united_states years murphy person successfully unite severed gunshot wound murphy united_states induce artificial collapse lung treatment tuberculosis pioneered bone techniques management especially reconstruction considered surgical intervention cancer performance end end hollow performed arguably tract founding member honors great direction pope june awarded doctor science england murphy flamboyant consequent colleagues kept early membership professional associations eventually elected president realized mistake granted murphy membership public elementary school named honor john murphy public school located community area northwest chicago opened
|
John Benjamin Murphy
|
Natural sciences
|
Biology and medicine
|
Medical people and institutions
|
16886_StephenSutton
|
december english blogger charity activist known blog stephen story fundraising efforts charity aid teenagers cancer second anniversary death million raised memory born performed school withdrew applications university terminal cancer father fought disease twice lynch syndrome struggled diagnosis doctors believe cancer occur teenager bucket list things final months successfully achieving including holder began fundraising receiving support celebrities politicians met filmmaker recorded documentary died hospital age memorial service attended death posthumously recognised activism awards including honorary doctorate early life born december attended primary secondary school home town youth active child participating sports athletics particularly long distance running football point set record school received straight grades august interviews cambridge_university study medicine universities leicester leeds later withdrew applications getting verdict cancer determined like father andy lynch syndrome genetic cancer elder surgery remove cancer diagnosis years later removed second course receiving clear months stephen diagnosed doctors initially diagnosed stephen prescribed despite andy insistence risk cancer family repeatedly told teenagers young illness final interview published daily_mail confessed degree anger time taken cancer diagnosis lament illness activism diagnosed stage cancer age subsequently went aggressive radiation treatments declared cancer free returned knee treated doctors considered left leg spread parts lower body december years initial diagnosis cancer deemed spreading lungs liver ask long expected survive choosing measure life difference time january speech london arena called diagnosis good thing huge kick taught granted gave lot motivation life diagnosis began participating charity events later started website blog january time began fundraising trust initial goal following unexpected support goal raised year raised march went mark end fundraising campaign supported celebrities notably donated gave turnover comedy clubs entire month charity following april unofficial spokesperson charity appearing interviews promoting cause launched campaign asking people share promoting campaign goal reached april discharged hospital following improvement condition later day met prime minister voiced support campaign helped break number people making heart shaped hand gestures people september million million raised invested specialist cancer units young people seven british hospitals million care scholarships invested improving cancer awareness information helping patients attend charity annual weekend conference second anniversary death million raised entering goals achieved death july airfield lincolnshire people tandem jumps feet hours honour breaking previous record mother official ambassador trust ran marathon plans climb son memory documentary april met filmmaker residence drummer group opening ceremony champions league final stadium quickly friends team began following months filming home family summer went holiday travel close friends equipped cameras documentary development feature length film said days stephen passed talked legacy wanted sure remember positive person cancer making documentary team tasked facebook page managing media opening ceremony titled battle kings directed executive assistant prince trust ambassador business partner previously directed opening ceremony venue final produced directed produced producing partner filmmakers residence london film focused story group performers ceremonies manager spoke death met stephen year ago couldn believe committed following dream year opening ceremony remember eve ceremony knee hurting bad couldn walk watching dress rehearsal stands constant smile face told don worry tomorrow takes took double dose performed passion ceremony stephen inspired proud met small story death reaction following lung collapse april life support stable condition died cancer sleep early hours age death announced facebook page mother elder brother chris wrote twitter sit day words like inspirational proud frankly life achieved speaks doesn need eulogy bit hey younger brother contract blessed grow best little time death raised million praised spirit bravery opposition leader said inspiration said inspiring person met touched lives know incredibly positive young man credit family humanity reason took better imagine hour dedicated final moments raising millions pounds teenagers cancer stephen words stay forever words live life isn measured time measured achievements announced hold public private family funeral following day accordance wishes attendance told wear bright colours fun yellow colour summer advised people attended cathedral dean telling bbc degree public grief akin death princess diana buried day posthumous recognition awards honours appointed member order british empire birthday honours services award dated mother jane said stephen continually told didn charity work recognition acknowledged appointed member order british empire awesome jane received queen elizabeth_ii buckingham palace november october recognised pride britain awards award special recognition presented family november announced posthumously award honorary doctorate science recognition outstanding contribution highlighting unique needs teenagers young adults cancer mother collected behalf later month christmas tree dedicated decorated yellow september renamed honour june elephant west named public vote previously met animal mother wish animal larger music recorded single titled hope ain bad thing fundraiser memory announced release single june hours song reached itunes charts peaked official charts working local community organisation announced hold concert memory featuring west end stars accompanied professional orchestra choir members sound company download festival paid tribute main stage named attended festival bucket list
|
Stephen Sutton
|
Natural sciences
|
Biology and medicine
|
Medical people and institutions
|
17364_SchwesterSelma
|
known german sister nurse february february head nurse original hospital road jerusalem nearly years years right hand assistant hospital founding director working long hours limited infrastructure trained supervised personnel hospital 1930s founded married resided room hospital day later years known jewish florence decades devotion patient welfare early life education born february germany poor jewish family mother died years old leaving young later wrote lost mother early difficult youth strong need grew people missed mother love love human beings chose profession nursing began working nurse hamburg received job training hospital departments internal medicine surgery nurse passed government nursing licensing exams jewish nurses receive german state diploma head nurse frankfurt based construction jewish hospital jerusalem sent german jewish doctor palestine open jewish hospital opened jewish hospital began trained european nurses quit primitive conditions existed years fled germany world war dire need head nurse returned europe world war impressed similar organizational structure hamburg asked head nurse spare staff year old recommended agreed year contract fulfill war service palestine embarking week train journey turkey damascus arrived december weeks later jerusalem hit year long epidemic city bed hospital added beds accommodate patients inundated hospital recruited workers outfitted protect infection ordered incoming patients washed shaved entire bodies introduced german standards nursing including white uniforms hospital personnel changing uniforms bed sheets daily daily bathing patients attempting provide high level patient care jews christians arabs operated electricity indoor central heating gas cooking warm lamps operating room difficult retain staff working conditions nature worked hour days expected nurses aides display work ethic era hospital nurses trained job trained supervised nurses operating room nurses hospital teaching hospital bed substituted live premises years right hand assistant areas ritual accompanied house calls stood hospital director away charge supplies building maintenance making sure kitchen met strict standards cultivated spirit warm patient care continues hospital day constantly remind students come need help wrote memoir remember forget try dealing patient cause little pain possible spare effort contract included month vacation germany years took advantage clause twice offered position head nurse jewish hospital leipzig seriously considered offer frankfurt based board directors convinced leave promise support rest life operating room nurse duty massacre rescue team managed evacuate wounded rush hospitals jerusalem specialists jerusalem came operate wounded assisted hours break november announced annual week holiday spent friends immediately adoption resolution civil war broke leading arab siege jerusalem return post hospital spent weeks offices british mandatory government incoming israeli government underground leaders assist finally army agreed armed convoys supplying food medicine besieged city israel epidemic early 1950s hospital jerusalem isolation ward displayed devotion running iron lung machines teaching supervising personnel recruited work ward school nursing founded nursing school idea initially opposed worried school emphasize theory practical nursing curriculum proved wrong examinations following year course study administered doctors british government hospital jerusalem taught practical nursing classes school early years death school instituted bestowed year outstanding graduate personal figure stood feet tall known kindness adopted personal motto poem indian poet kept wall room slept life joy saw life duty acted duty joy married married lived separate rooms hospital welcomed staff patients chat sparsely furnished room poured cups mint tea adopted girls abandoned hospital mother died father drafted turkish army infant grandparents asked baby second given father carried way syria mother died route killed bombing named girls grew hospital grounds sent school girls nurse dental technician awards accolades age named worthy jerusalem december time cover story named world living saints list included father numerous publications called jewish florence decades devotion patient welfare received diamond ring holocaust survivor sister given valuable item deported saying return human married devoted life helping people survivor read european press gave ring final years continued work age consider beneath dignity pick trash floors reminding students work operation dictated short memoir und life experiences hospital moved new modern headquarters neighborhood moved died sunday february days birthday day special tribute event planned honor hospital
|
Schwester Selma
|
Natural sciences
|
Biology and medicine
|
Medical people and institutions
|
17946_SENSOR-Pesticides
|
sentinel event system risks state based surveillance program monitors related illness injury administered state health agencies participate provides technical support participating states provides funding states conjunction related illness significant health issue believed proposed program track workers industries risk exposure public concern exists use exposure government regulatory authorities experience pressure monitor health effects associated state partners collect case data different sources standard case definition set information program headquarters compiled national database researchers government officials program published research articles highlight findings data implications environmental issues issues include invasive species poisoning schools birth defects residential use total release bug bombs devices release mist background significant health issue work related poisoning believed program began state programs collected reports diseases usually conduct states required reporting related illness useful information prevalence response challenges proposed program model track certain conditions including poisoning important health issue large number industries puts different categories workers risk use agriculture accounted conventional use estimates agricultural sector similar market share particularly useful agriculture increase crop yields reduce need manual labor extensive use puts agricultural workers increased risk illnesses workers industries risk exposure example commercial availability stores puts retail workers risk exposure illness handle products puts emergency fire fighters police officers risk emergency events unaware presence poisoning hazard process aircraft international flights insect disease control flight sick widespread use release environment potential adverse public health effects exposure raise public concern feel regulatory authorities ethical obligation track health effects chemicals write society allows environment society obligation track health effects president said press release industry moral ethical obligation know products impact humans surveillance related injuries illnesses recommended history beginning supported implementation sentinel event system risks program state health departments objectives program help state health departments develop reporting systems certain disorders conduct evaluate prevention efforts disorders covered included tunnel syndrome lead poisoning poisoning participating state health department previously surveillance illnesses helped states develop reporting systems programs original model based physician reporting state contacted select group sentinel health care professionals regular basis collect information system labor intensive yield cases different states different methods collecting information data compiled compared analyze trends response federal agencies non federal agencies state health departments developed standard case definition set standardized participating states contributing related injury illness data california florida iowa louisiana michigan new_york north_carolina washington received federal funding support surveillance activities nebraska new_mexico oregon texas program partners case definition case related illness injury characterized acute onset symptoms related exposure cases classified exposure occurs work case suicide attempted suicide cases documentation new adverse health effects related documented exposure consistent evidence relationship health effects based known information determine relationship exposure health effects state public health officials rate case definite probable possible suspicious illness severity assigned low moderate severe fatal data collection states program require physicians report related injuries illnesses states collect majority data workers compensation claims poison control centers state agencies jurisdiction use state departments agriculture receive report health department officials review information determine related request medical records try interview patient involved incident witnesses data compiled year national database addition identifying classifying poisoning cases states periodically investigate related events develop aimed particular industries hazards impact federal state level scientists researchers published articles exposure events trends program data articles include publications articles peer reviewed journals acute related illness youth agricultural workers retail workers farm workers flight articles attracted media attention motivated legislative governmental action response mediterranean fruit fly known outbreak officials sprayed primarily bait counties spring summer scientists stated sprayed manner pose significant risk public health effort investigated cases illness attributed officials program published article described case reports recommended alternative methods control including exclusion activities ports entry prevent rapid detection increased sentinel trapping release sterile male flies reproductive cycle incorporated suggestions environmental impact statement fruit fly cooperative control program impact statements guide development insect control strategies decisions schools researchers program published article poisoning schools article included data collected described illnesses students school employees associated study found rates related illnesses children rose significantly called reduction use prevent related illness near school grounds article generated media coverage drew attention safety schools safer alternatives integrated pest management study provide evidence schools better ways use said study author officials organizations supporting industry rise responsible industry sound environment trade association representing manufacturers suppliers reacted strongly report calling incomplete health reporting president claimed report written context proper use schools mention positive public health provide stated use schools regulated managed risk low rise president article relying reports said evidence suggested incidents extremely rare increased awareness use schools influenced parents numerous states adoption integrated pest management programs according states passed rules laws october october birth defects florida north_carolina february born birth defects weeks florida mothers worked north_carolina worked florida state health department attributed cluster exposure presented findings annual workshop realized mothers worked period pregnant exposed state health departments reported cluster respective state agricultural departments inspected farms florida fined company violations discovered conducted similar inspection farms north_carolina fined company investigation north_carolina governor assembled governor task force preventing agricultural exposure presented findings april caused state legislature pass anti retaliation laws training protect health agricultural workers funding improved surveillance florida state legislature added new total release total release bug bombs release fog kill bugs room coat surfaces chemical insects return estimated million annually federal state staff officials published article called attention injuries illnesses resulting use total release published press release response stating state restrict use commissioner announced department classify restricted use product meaning certified able obtain march announced required label changes indoor products reflect label change recommendations article
|
SENSOR-Pesticides
|
Natural sciences
|
Biology and medicine
|
Medical people and institutions
|
17985_MaryHerring
|
dame mary née march october australian medical community worker graduate studied medicine excelled sports mary qualified general resident surgeon work mainly poor women lived conditions inadequate social time kept young women ignorant matters dealing sex pregnancy recognised pregnant women particular needed information happening provided information birth control time doctors large segment community opposed broke later wrote forbidden subjects matters discussion action addition medical work mary supported women sports patron charities world war helped form served looking needs soldiers families president association recognition medical charitable work commander order john dame commander order british empire services nursing victoria early life born melbourne suburb march eldest children sir mathematical physicist wife née attended excelled academically sport playing tennis hockey cricket competing swimming head girl entered medical student captain women tennis hockey teams obtaining sports met herring young australian captain british_army leave great war training worked district nurses visiting families melbourne affluent suburbs ambition doctor improved lives women children women social class normally work married marriage intended war wrote urging complete rhodes scholarship studies returning australia met future husband arrived melbourne november graduated dual surgery degree march achieving class honours subjects medicine fourth surgery won keith memorial scholarship medicine clinical medicine resident surgeon sir supportive career plans mary marriage knew parents studies completed mary formally engaged easter married april daughters later doctor like mother career established provided post care experience soon showed workload greatly reduced care provided mothers monitored asked mary willing establish clinic open day week new clinic opened far shopping centre chapel street mary district nurses spread word clinic clinic kind melbourne model similar clinic established mary south melbourne time started work clinic mother pregnant great interest women sought advice treatment clinic work mainly poor women lived conditions inadequate mary joined vice president banded establish offer advice birth control time doctors large segment community opposed clinic functioned day week discontinued advice offered obtained social time kept young women ignorant matters dealing sex pregnancy recognised pregnant women particular needed information happening broke later wrote forbidden subjects matters discussion action later life joined soon outbreak world war september mary banded number soldiers wives form served looking needs soldiers families president association created knight commander order british empire february premier victoria appointed chief justice years serve lieutenant governor victoria common additional function chief justice acting governor months february mary found government house state disrepair successfully lobbied funds refurbishment supervised work personally foundation member council mary served president played tennis golf eldest daughters began playing hockey school mary interest hockey strong believer principle women men administer women sports member later patron players visiting interstate stay home extended overseas visitors summer olympics held melbourne mary travelled london attend coronation queen elizabeth_ii viewed seat inside ceremony buckingham palace july new queen mary commander order john recognition charity work charity work extensive mary foundation member president formed chairman mary brown attended medical students deputy president victorian division australian council june created dame commander order british empire services nursing victoria named honour death death october aged following long illness mary planned funeral service requesting announcements buried final days moved nursing home victoria small private service held october planned state funeral died months january
|
Mary Herring
|
Natural sciences
|
Biology and medicine
|
Medical people and institutions
|
19543_KusumotoIne
|
august born japanese physician daughter nagasaki german physician worked island foreigners restricted japan long period world known later life took japanese called dutch association dutch language western learning female doctor western medicine japan banished japan managed provide mother arranged students associates care reputation grew doctor western medicine won patronage feudal lord studied parts japan numerous teachers likely having raped resulting daughter married settled tokyo country ended assisted birth emperor death subject novels plays comics musicals japan life career early life born city nagasaki surname came japanese rendering surname german father physician living artificial island nagasaki foreign trade restricted centuries japan near total self world played role introducing western medical techniques japan mother sent nagasaki pleasure district lived parents banished october allegedly restricted information gathered accused smuggling items including maps believed fall hands japan enemies russia posed threat japan northern borders year old permitted leave japan goodbye small boat harbour ship left soon married man named wealthy left valuable sugar support arranged associates watch sent books dutch grammar important western studies time japan students contributed education story tells running away age study medicine placed house arrest involvement affair education early career medical training got official start began studying students introduction cut studies short returned nagasaki gave birth daughter named meaning free heaven granted child free account mother life assert pregnancy resulted having raped hard evidence lacking attempts involved life continued studies nagasaki left mother went nephew study lord date enthusiastically promoted western learning suffered stroke returned nagasaki japan came end nagasaki opened treaty port dutch abandoned capital city modern tokyo received pardon returned nagasaki august year year old son alexander german marriage student translator personal assistant alexander japanese teacher lived father house relationship strained command dutch maid soon moved worked closely assisted communications advanced dutch ability father reputation helped gain patients april return europe returned japan continued learn dutch physicians nagasaki community lauded skills print founded western style hospital medical school japan nagasaki support military government attended classes women ward assisted operations woman japan witness human corpse carried reputation connections western learning community won patronage favour extended daughter named mixed german japanese blood lead suffer discrimination change extended modest official rice expected ready serve women quarters castle doctors present wife gave birth busy practice frequent travel nagasaki 1860s effort behalf father arrested anti foreign factions released returned married mother died time studied nagasaki pioneered appointed national medical school tokyo renamed emperor moved restoration moves settled tokyo acquainted half brother son maintained contact tokyo half brother alexander worked british half brother worked interpreter austro hungarian later career death won prestigious appointments capital connections western scholars attended birth child emperor child died days later received considerable sum effort moved osaka worked sick died pregnant acquaintance gave birth boy adopted heir named married doctor children death returned nagasaki earned license returned tokyo retired time family moved western style house built died august eating freshwater said given food poisoning enjoyed social support western style medical scholarly communities high regard students fellow practitioners financial support father said fair skin somewhat brown hair blue eyes married later life preferred reveal mixed ancestry legacy appears leading character novels television dramas holland based novel father musicals based life include girl tale opened volume written illustrated titled woman doctor japan appeared biography learn people series biographies youths cartoonist adapted story comics depicts red hair focuses story strength face trials underwent female medical student love child term mixed race child
|
Kusumoto Ine
|
Natural sciences
|
Biology and medicine
|
Medical people and institutions
|
20073_FrancesAmes
|
april november south african psychiatrist human rights activist best known leading medical ethics inquiry death anti activist died medical neglect tortured police custody declined discipline chief district surgeon assistant treated group academics physicians raised funds fought year legal battle medical establishment personal safety academic career pursuit justice taking dispute eventually won case born raised poverty cape_town woman receive doctor medicine degree studied effects brain published articles subject seeing benefits patients hospital early proponent medicinal use headed department retiring continued lecture finally dismantled testified work doctors medical ethics inquiry awarded country highest civilian award recognition work behalf human rights early life born south_africa april second daughters mother raised boer concentration camp grandmother nurse second boer war nurse knew father left mother raise daughters poverty mother unable care family spent childhood catholic stricken fever mother later rejoined family moved cape_town attended enrolled medical school received degree medical career cape_town interned worked region general earned degree woman head department associate professor retired continued work time lecturer department associate professor emeritus received honorary doctorate medicine according professor believed woman affair south african anti activist studied medicine detained security police august held days september beaten tortured coma according allegations surgeon chief district surgeon collaborated police covered abuse leading death injuries september according clear ethical doctors responsible support declined discipline district death groups physicians filed separate formal complaints lack shown doctors cases way attempt force conduct formal inquiry medical ethics tucker case filed second case filed small group physicians pursued inquiry members profession called position university threatened superiors colleagues asked drop case pursuing case doctors received personal threats safety note medical association closed ranks support colleagues security police torture death attempted silence discredit doctors stood human rights demanded disciplinary action colleagues years won case ruled favor help case forced medical regulatory body reverse decision doctors treated finally disciplined major medical reforms followed according case played important role medical profession medical ethical issues south_africa research studied effects publishing work clinical study acute role model work cited extensively literature opposed war drugs proponent benefits particularly people multiple observed hand known south_africa relieved patients helped spinal injuries ward hospital continued study effects 1990s publishing articles induced effects brain author melbourne personal life married editorial writer sons years old husband died unexpectedly husband death helped raise family wrote experience memoir society death struggled time death told interviewer shall drop continued work time lecturer weeks died home november representing department gave eulogy funeral cremated according wishes ashes combined seed dispersed outside memorial service held legacy south african referred great unorthodox protagonist medical use marijuana years current interest use drug south african medical journal notes led conviction example history eventually justified action affair work affair led major medical reforms south_africa including disbanding replacement old era medical organisations failed uphold medical standards profession according enduring lesson south african medicine roles medical practitioners question dual responsibilities embodied inter code conduct legal interpretations doctors responsibilities testified medical hearings archbishop honored handful doctors stood regime brought book doctors human rights abuse work behalf human rights south_africa awarded highest civilian award country selected publications society
|
Frances Ames
|
Natural sciences
|
Biology and medicine
|
Medical people and institutions
|
20367_RobertCade
|
september november american physician university professor research scientist inventor native texas earned bachelor medical degrees professor medicine engaged areas medical research widely remembered leader research team formulated sports drink significant medical applications treating patients generated million royalties university later years prominent philanthropist significant sums charities affiliated creating scholarships freely colleges universities charitable foundations early life education born san_antonio texas september fourth generation took early interest athletics ran mile minutes seconds respectable time high school athlete early 1940s graduated served mate months world war discharged navy enrolled completed years undergraduate calendar years graduated bachelor degree married nurse dallas texas met medical school graduating doctor medicine degree dallas completed saint louis city hospital missouri residency dallas served alma mater new_york_city joined faculty florida assistant professor internal medicine division invention approached assistant coach football team extreme faced football players practicing high temperatures humidity late summer early fall douglas questioned football players practice games learned evidence football players losing water failing replace fluid practice games research team discovered football players losing pounds kilograms hours college football game ninety ninety percent loss water player volume decrease seven percent blood volume percent sweat team research doctors conducted series trial error experiments drink members football team coach members freshman squad initially promising results starting members varsity team didn taste like said interview magazine fact according tried strongly suggested original experimental formula like waste remembered sort like toilet bowl cleaner suggestion wife researchers added lemon juice original formula water salt appeared legend television commercials narrated long time college football announcer declared naturally called stuff drink known football team later known drink received real test game football team tigers faded heat second half convinced asked produce games achieved national prominence result orange bowl title january reinforced reputation second half team came defeat yellow jackets afterward head coach told reporters didn difference patented formula offered rights drink exchange university backing production marketing drink university turned proposal initially obtained bank financing began produce business later entered contract produce sell drink sales royalties reached university took notice prompted provided small grant research asked patent rights refused acting behalf university brought suit share profits arguing university facilities employees students instrumental development product thirty months legal university negotiated settlement dispute university settled percent share royalties investors retained eighty percent aftermath settlement university resolved differences expanded professional relationships royalties received university university kidney research department research projects created multiple scholarships contributed university royalties following years legacy realized million share royalties associates share royalties undisclosed majority rights having sold settlement continued work university college medicine named professor emeritus retirement april months death inducted honorary letter winner owned today sold eighty countries contrast dollars team spent experimental batch prompted evolution dollar sports drink industry years followed seven billion bottles sold annually united_states surprised commercial success sports drink took greater pride use hospitals post operative recovery treat related young children research included exercise physiology kidney disease research loading early claims swedish researchers invented hydraulic football helmet substantially reduced risk concussion football players active lifelong member lutheran church recognized church award gave lutheran colleges organizations later years wife established organization makes grants aid poor talented played local symphony acquired collections thirty violins vintage automobiles wife continued live house owned financial success november died kidney failure age survived wife mary children grandchildren great grandchildren established chaired daughter announced begun raising funds construct new building groundbreaking planned september florida governor posthumously honored great ceremony award honors people major contributions progress welfare florida
|
Robert Cade
|
Natural sciences
|
Biology and medicine
|
Medical people and institutions
|
20727_GaborB.Racz
|
born board certified professor emeritus texas chairman emeritus director pain services worked field chronic pain complex regional pain syndrome designed flexible spring wound small probe developed referred simply procedure invasive intervention treating chronic spinal pain post surgery syndrome called failed surgery low pain spinal disease aging procedure somewhat similar conventional methods failed procedure employ use wire bound break dissolve tissue called formed nerve roots allows local injected affected area born hungary young man aspirations medical doctor second year medical student november forced flee hungary soviets invaded response hungarian revolution eventually arrived england resumed education graduated worked time moved united_states completed residency syracuse new_york worked associate attending respiratory consultant hospitals including new_york moving texas chairman new founders early life education born hungary parents financially background attributed family resistance join communist party attended second year hungarian revolution begun seeing hundreds injured people volunteered help hospital said received signed directive drive truck deliver sugar medical school believed motivated hungarian secret police seek questioning recalled shooting incident bullet missed head inches november fled austria future wife sister brother law soviets invaded city prior intention leave hungary learned mother hungarian secret police looking said found meant end dreams doctor ended prison people ended prison following committing crime arrived austrian town buses waiting refugees new homes chose bus england family members group transported military base hungarian medical student received scholarship attend second year medical school liverpool england graduated degrees wife helped start doctor providing rent free lodging finish education said lifelong example study pass knowledge help generation later served house surgeon physician liverpool career united_states moved united_states residency syracuse new_york completion worked positions including associate attending respiratory consultant head injury unit consultant new_york joined new designated center chairman held position march work included treating patients served acting director pain services oversaw expansion operations future development international pain center named recognition work family financial contributions held designation professor chairman emeritus director pain services career conducted research authored articles experts pain management improve diagnosis treatment complex regional pain long term disorder nervous system challenging pain problem misunderstood recognition awards recipient highest award december named million endowed chair recognition work received lifetime achievement award presented new jersey societies pain physicians awarded lifetime achievement award october procedure work nerve spinal cord wide range pain management procedures pain practices world developed new designs medical equipment devices designed flexible spring wound small probe developed invasive procedure known procedure somewhat similar treat patients chronic low pain post surgery syndrome called failed surgery involves tissue formed nerve root treat protruding pain spinal disease aging procedure employs wire bound spring loaded break dissolve tissue called formed nerve roots allows local injected affected area procedure assigned code selected works published forms works operating room introductory new_york usa paper techniques isbn print online vol pain management current issues opinions isbn
|
Gabor B. Racz
|
Natural sciences
|
Biology and medicine
|
Medical people and institutions
|
21170_CorneliusP.Rhoads
|
dusty june august american administrator director new_york beginning director beginning director combined cancer center contributions cancer research appeared cover june issue time magazine title cancer fighter early years 1930s specialized working months puerto_rico contingent world war worked united_states_army helping develop chemical weapons set research centers research gas led developments use early letter written november claimed killed intentionally injected cancer cells patients given lab assistant puerto rican nationalist leader publicized letter american media led scandal official investigation campaign protect extension interests ensuing investigation defended saying written comments anger joke new_york colleague puerto_rico attorney general medical community found evidence project giving inappropriate medical treatment scandal forgotten controversy revived established memorial award commissioned new investigation led emeritus professor specialist medical ethics concluded evidence human experimentation letter offensive prize renamed concurred stripped honor racism early life education born june springfield massachusetts son wife received early education springfield later attending maine graduated received harvard_university cum class president intern contracted tuberculosis treatment recovery developed lifelong interest disease research early career recovering published paper reaction longtime colleague taught harvard conducted research disease processes joined staff worked staff early research interests included worked puerto_rico working invited join conduct clinical research san_juan puerto_rico commission island castle research interest iron specifically caused parasitic endemic island rates tropical effective treatment developed disease causes remained obscure recently medical journal reported conditions cause high mortality cause tropical identified 1940s treated acid month course assist castle established base san_juan corresponded new_york research career interests puerto_rico group patients historian notes referred patients primarily clinical subjects conditions studied advance medical research effects suspicion tropical related diet controlled patients notes letters time referred patients experimental animals wrote don develop certainly sought induce conditions studying patients simply treat develop tropical treat liver extract castle wanted perform similar study conjunction similar research approved collected samples boss assisted contacts university scandal november party puerto rican worker house having drinks left finding car items stolen went office wrote signed letter addressed colleague boston working memorial hospital cancer research new_york wrote following dear think appointment disgusted heard reason advanced certainly odd man entire boston group fired far know absolutely devoid scientific reputation given place wrong point view situation settled boston parker run laboratory kenneth assistant chief stay far chances getting job years absolutely certainly encouraged scientific advances handicap aid advancement damn fine job tempted ideal doubt race men inhabiting sphere makes sick inhabit island lower italians island needs public health work tidal wave totally population best process killing cancer resulted fatalities far matter consideration patients welfare plays role fact physicians delight abuse torture unfortunate subjects let know hear news dusty letter found staff circulated people learned quickly public apology meeting staff doctors later dismayed hear letter going discussed meeting relations having deteriorated locally returned new_york december publicity investigations end december lab technician resigned later testified feared safety january gave letter president sought publicity sending copies letter newspapers vatican addition distributing letter media wrote charging plot linked letter complaints american saying governors puerto_rico encouraged labor emigration improving employment promoted birth control offensive catholic residents later year governor struggled greater political crisis letter remarks encouraging birth control use island resulted removed office photograph letter published january newspaper translation spanish entire letter support theory conspiracy puerto_rico february published entire letter spanish english letter created crises newly appointed acting governor puerto_rico said letter confession murder libel people puerto_rico ordered investigation acts said damned fool good doctor strong mentally new_york released official response media governor insisted letter intended confidential calling fantastic playful composition written entirely diversion intended parody supposed attitudes american minds explaining intended mean opposite stated offered return clear things governor inquiry concluded commit acts included letter crimes work investigated puerto rican attorney general review medical aspects representative representing commissioner health sworn testimony taken patients colleagues including castle reviewed case files patients treated including patients died period found evidence crimes described letter attorney general medical community joined nationalist charges plot subject separate investigations ordered acting american governor puerto_rico able uncover evidence confirmed 21st century account records san_juan puerto_rico performed research revealed patients young care died suspicious circumstances additionally investigators unable confirm claim omitted time account cancer patients investigations ivy lee handled public relations family team institute began campaign defend reputation seen promising researcher wanted protect working relationship medical organizations puerto_rico avoid problems critics human experimentation early 1930s revival anti movement concerned use vulnerable populations human subjects experimentation children especially prisoners soldiers observed members medical community monitored popular medical press editor 1930s 1940s accepted articles clinical research careful wording effort avoid criticism anti lee given access pre published versions articles controversy new_york_times time persuaded time eliminate words cancer published version letter based positive testimony patients new_york_times headlined article patients saved lives reported returned new_york scandal broke puerto_rico attorney general report controversy quickly faded united_states reaction scandal controversy mixed united_states campaign says 21st century colleagues believe spin letter fantastic playful composition intended parody worried mental health time superior dismissed incident case local time magazine headlined incident suggests meant humanitarian work puerto_rico come bite puerto_rico scandal anti colonial campaign attracting followers longtime puerto rican pro independence activists tried assassinate president bring cause world stage said young man heard speak letter decided devote life nationalist movement following study puerto_rico chosen lead special service clinical study diseases blood forming organs built research tropical researcher published results success liver extract therapy treat tropical relieve work recognized contributing benefit treatment disease field world war selected director devoted cancer care research recently moved new building selected interest clinical investigation addition laboratory research hospital research treatment succeeded noted written cancer subject referred letter written november year studying use radiation treat world war commissioned colonel assigned chief medicine established chemical weapons laboratories utah maryland panama work won legion merit casualty studies gas accident war italy interested potential cancer treatment rest life research interest developing cancer treatment served primarily administrator scientific director memorial studies gas developed drug called success clinical trials war years basis development field anti cancer interested total body led early work post war founded cancer research center hopes industrial approach research yield cure opened director memorial served director praised memorial essential role evolution hospital modern medical center director oversight research related radiation experiments instance year team began multi year study post syndrome humans stepped slightly scientific director newly merged cancer center time continued scientific director operations adviser nuclear medicine funding supported research use transport radiation cancer continued serve scientific director death died august connecticut 20th anniversary death established honor annual award promising young researcher revival controversy puerto rican social scientist writer discovered new information archives raised questions investigations conducted work prominent findings letter written governor associate director stating written second letter worse according puerto rican government suppressed destroyed puerto rican attorney general aided ranking puerto rican doctors investigated work including deaths occurred nearly patients treated found evidence wrongdoing crimes addition superior project conducted close investigation patients died tenure found evidence wrongdoing urged reopen case refused dead long biology professor came letter contacted given letter offensive nature demanded removed award contacted including puerto_rico secretary state ferdinand revival issue generated fresh wave publicity said known controversy commissioned investigation led yale_university said evidence killing patients cancer cells letter remove award agreed conclusion characterized case having deal embarrassment having history catch modern day wrote complicated legacy dusty died cause society promote deny existence provide perspective wrote thought incident institutions media 1930s appropriate credit accomplishments faults sins renamed award stripping honor posthumously indicated new past receive updated plaques representation media self published book entitled case indictment writes topic blog personal website puerto rican political satire comedy group performed parody portraying insane like scientist bent elimination wrote directed dramatic film condemned said loosely based controversy puerto_rico honors legion merit work army trustee awarded honorary science law posthumously awarded award outstanding contributions research established posthumously honor renamed award racism expressed letter
|
Cornelius P. Rhoads
|
Natural sciences
|
Biology and medicine
|
Medical people and institutions
|
21636_GertyCori
|
née august october czech american woman american woman win nobel prize science woman awarded nobel prize physiology medicine born prague austro hungarian empire czech_republic nickname named austrian warship growing time women science allowed educational opportunities gained medical school met future husband graduation married deteriorating conditions europe couple emigrated united_states continued early interest medical research collaborating laboratory published research findings husband publishing singly unlike husband difficulty securing research positions ones obtained provided pay husband insisted continuing collaboration discouraged institutions employed husband argentine received nobel prize discovery mechanism derivative broken muscle tissue acid body stored source energy known cycle identified important compound designated recognition work died year struggle remained active research laboratory end received recognition achievements multiple awards honors crater moon crater venus named life work born jewish family prague father chemist manager sugar successful method sugar mother martha friend culturally sophisticated woman home girls age decided wanted medical doctor pursuing study science learned lacked latin physics chemistry mathematics course year managed study equivalent years latin years science years math uncle professor encouraged attend medical school studied passed university entrance examination admitted medical school prague unusual woman achieve time studying met immediately attracted charm sense humor love outdoors mountain climbing entered medical school eighteen graduated married year converted catholicism enabling marry roman_catholic_church moved vienna austria spent years children hospital husband worked laboratory hospital worked unit conducted experiments temperature regulation comparing temperatures treatment published papers blood disorders served austrian army world war drafted life difficult following world war suffered caused severe food shortages problems conjunction increasing anti contributed decision leave europe immigrated united_states months difficulty obtaining position pursue medical research buffalo new_york citizens united_states director institute threatened dismiss cease collaborative research husband continued work kept institute discouraged working continued specializing investigating particularly interested human body regulate process published papers author status going research given paper published articles sole author proposed theoretical cycle later won nobel prize cycle cycle describes human body uses chemical reactions break muscle tissue acid left publishing work number universities offered position refused hire informed university interview considered married couple work refused position school allow work wife moved missouri offered positions rank salary husbands despite research background offered position research associate salary tenth received husband warned harm husband career chancellor special hold position going university rules wait thirteen years attained rank husband associate professor months won nobel prize promoted professor post held death continued collaboration working frog muscle discovered intermediate compound enabled breakdown called known established compound structure identified chemical formation showed beginning step conversion large amounts found liver step conversion blood step studied storage disease identifying forms related particular defect defect cause human genetic disease collaborated work including won nobel prize physiology medicine discovery course conversion received half prize half going discovery played anterior lobe sugar work continued clarify mechanisms advancing understanding conversion findings proved crucial development treatments awards woman american woman win nobel prize science previous recipients woman awarded nobel prize physiology medicine elected fellow square foot laboratory deemed conduct groundbreaking research scientists went win nobel prizes scientific history crater moon named crater venus shares star late members presented jointly award addition received medal award honorary doctor science degrees yale columbia rochester member london received medal honorary doctor science degrees yale boston cambridge president vienna honored release stamp april cent stamp reported associated_press printing error chemical formula stamp distributed despite error description reads collaboration husband important discoveries including new derivative steps contributed understanding treatment diabetes diseases couple award half share nobel prize physiology medicine scientists american scientists sheet include chemist physicist awarded medal award recognizes distinguished work chemistry american women appointed president board member position held death elected fourth woman honored awarded national honorary member significant contribution research recognized named installed time woman today celebrated considered pioneer woman science final years winning nobel prize mountain climbing trip learned ill fatal disease bone years studied effects rays human body thought contribute illness struggled years illness continuing scientific work final months let died home cremated ashes scattered later son erected missouri survived husband child married daughter conservative activist remarried later moved boston taught continued work death age eighty
|
Gerty Cori
|
Natural sciences
|
Biology and medicine
|
Medical people and institutions
|
22965_TillsonHarrison
|
january january canadian physician army officer moving new_york enlisting united_states_army early age later returned canada attend practising physician number dangerous positions chief medical staff doctor workforce men world war traveled middle_east treating disease operating ray facility israel attempting middle_east hospital patients harrison deported canada managed jump ship morocco join 1930s traveled countries performing medical duties served ship doctor liner crossed indian_ocean world war death assisted china saving lives end life harrison speak languages participated seven wars married women time daughter said character based according film producers steven_spielberg contacted father death conducted series interviews provided account life early life harrison born january ontario town named great grandfather george grandfather builder child harrison considered occasion locked grandmother bedroom local newspaper sensation attempt travel cuba discovered enrolled toronto left year age ran away join 22nd headquartered returned home discovered soon moved new_york join serve force philippines defeat spain brief period help boxer rebellion china involved running labor gangs building supply roads remote areas harrison involved maternal grandfather company evolved discovered year old connections influence general issuing general order recall harrison field serving army harrison contracted cholera returned canada inheritance received recently deceased grandfather harrison began attending medical school marrying lawyer daughter graduation medical school harrison gained employment began treating community alberta acting local soon harrison moved family washington idaho finally oregon doctor mayor developer harrison fathered daughter wife published article written harrison titled section difficulties documented section performed remote ranch house lit oil lamp restless nature harrison left family oregon traveled london undergo work world war began harrison assisted war effort belgium met turkish woman named married wife harrison new wife traveled texas settle north american conflict world war shortly arriving texas harrison took dangerous job chief medical staff mexican revolutionary general situation harrison captured villa foe later president mexico doctor sentenced death ill harrison spared qualified physician available harrison kept general state near recovery enabling escape deliver military information forces stationed border brief stay community southern utah harrison enlisted stationed french hospital tended needs quickly learning language customs group men harrison successfully treated tuberculosis cases significantly reducing number sick members corps winter interwar period world war harrison traveled middle_east performing medical duties treating prostitutes afflicted disease constantinople operating ray facility israel legally divorced wives harrison married woman alexandria find escape adventure followed harrison life harrison new wife train ambushed band disillusioned group politicians quick thinking recently married physician prevented new wife broken leg developing charge constantinople hospital attempted patients captured tried breach conduct female patient fact wife turkish officer deported canada harrison escaped ship docked morocco making way ireland harrison posed catholic joined discovered quickly crossed wales treat coal miners harrison married fourth wife cardiff previous wives set adventure caribbean thought harrison deserted 1930s harrison worked countries latin_america middle_east year served physician guerrilla army fighting japanese engaged second sino japanese war china harrison traveled shanghai borrowed funds medical school classmate jamaica brother ontario set private medical practice assisting chinese red_cross possible world war harrison ship doctor board steam liner supplies allied forces indian_ocean war harrison wanted assist records seven years age qualify service time served china delivering needed supplies country devastated long second sino japanese war saved lives students officer american army officer uniform harrison able convince officer check barge held students hidden inside december harrison set shanghai approximately tonnes supplies train journey accompanied russian worker chinese welfare representatives repeated train journey constantly suffered delays delay occurred lasted days second delay equal duration station medical supplies train engine car left bleak plain workers clean water drink forced ditch water human waste add dire situation harrison blanket shoes stolen cold began suffer weeks harrison left shanghai train permitted problems ahead stations route train delayed hours arrival journey completed truck cart completing delivery returned pick second load continue past branch receiving hospital harrison died exposure january near china aged end life speak different languages participated seven wars discovered years death married women time virtually unknown canada harrison widely honored china statue likeness stands tall shanghai burial site anglican compound home treats approximately day town ontario named harrison great grandfather maintains lasting relationship hospital renamed previous prime minister canada sent commemorative letter chinese ambassador mark centenary harrison birth time clear harrison age enlisting celebrations took place seven years actual centenary year harrison remains interred large tomb public ceremony canadians invited attend according harrison daughter decades father death film producers steven_spielberg contacted series interviews provided account father life claims inspiration highly successful film series recent times harrison subject life written
|
Tillson Harrison
|
Natural sciences
|
Biology and medicine
|
Medical people and institutions
|
25563_EliTodd
|
july november pioneer treatment mentally ill efforts medical field mental care smallpox treatment significant impact residents town connecticut contributed establishment high standards rest newly formed nation early life born connecticut sisters named mother father merchant died months 7th birthday sent live great uncle reverend resided state remained reverend care instruction reverend durham connecticut time introduced practice medicine began attend yale_university age fourteen graduated honors age eighteen graduation significant milestone medical career studied medicine apprentice began medical practice age soon favorite wealthy class community gentle treatment methods opposed harsh commonly time years old established mountain helped found later member founded doctors connecticut share treatments discuss opinions accomplishments working gained permission start hospital near present day border smallpox facility commonly called found deep second growth hardwood forest connecticut building longer present nearby rock patients remains rock lent facility location receive mail packages actual rock marked distinct carvings names contemporary patients carvings include initials names dates prior widespread treatment extremely important longer needed smallpox available eventually faded away woods contributions mental health care pioneer doctor field time treatment mentally ill typically mentally ill patient locked insane asylum little care treated criminal prior common people deemed mad locked away forgotten individuals wanted humane care mentally ill appalled treatment people insane built opened director referred known insane cost build serve patients time cost week state resident week state resident alcoholism treatment theory widespread consumption alcohol recognized problem conversation march stated single solution alcoholism advised attack follows association respectable men ardent spirits work houses idle drinking persons conviction heavy taxes imported domestic liquor viewed alcohol prominent evil day february formed practiced total employed social pressure people society step forward attack alcoholism personal life graduating yale age year connecticut finishing spent years serving resident doctor retiring consulted farmers help productivity produce concluded return social political stability years independence undoubtedly eased availability unlimited land west good businessman fame grew statewide wealth match director shortly starting work married year half brother michael died sea sister died spotted fever mother died rachel brother died wife adopted daughters rachel died subsequently married younger sister catherine years dying interest psychology began sister committed suicide issue depression received letter husband august told death thought cured multiple times episodes attend large farm vermont pushed edge began theory mental insanity time disease cause possibly cure began revolutionary treatments government money mental hospital built
|
Eli Todd
|
Natural sciences
|
Biology and medicine
|
Medical people and institutions
|
25731_StaffordL.Warren
|
july july american physician pioneer field nuclear medicine best known invention warren developed technique producing images breast rays working warren commissioned colonel appointed chief medical section manhattan engineering district responsible health safety thousands personnel involved manhattan_project present trinity nuclear test new_mexico responsible safety aspects world nuclear weapon led survey team manhattan_project assess effects atomic bombings hiroshima nagasaki chief nuclear test warren dean ucla leadership new school grew major medical school warren vice chancellor health services served special assistant president later mental returning ucla professor emeritus position held death awarded contributions science medicine early life born new_mexico june attended earned bachelor_of_arts degree married marriage produced sons daughter went medical school graduating doctor medicine degree post doctoral work harvard_university warren joined faculty assistant professor medicine department new founded based ideals medical education report medical school opened graduate class warren original group assembled staff new medical school rochester warren investigated effects artificial fever including possible use treating interested warren associate professor medicine year published study breast ray imaging breast investigated produced images specimens observed different forms stages cancer able detect cancer breast removed large apparently appreciate life saving potential observations warren track changes breast tissue result pregnancy developed technique patients specimens adapting general purpose ray equipment needs method involved having patient lie arm raised women subsequently underwent surgery correctly found breast cancer cases represented leap forward diagnosis breast cancer possible surgery sparked intense interest technique world today saves thousands lives manhattan_project february warren met vice president general manager director manhattan_project colonel commander asked work radiation asked warren civilian consultant march warren met major new_york_city headquarters joined august involved research requested information safety matters involving radiation warren unable provide information agreed initiate research rochester recommended view scope manhattan_project senior officer placed charge october penned letter united_states_army major general requesting cooperate manhattan_project medical supplies providing funds medical care military personnel directly commissioning warren doctors specified ranks letter signed lieutenant general delivered person colonel replaced marshall district engineer furious saw statutory responsibilities surgeon general told warren man district mind commission colonel apparently familiar warren work use radiation treat disease asked want doctor warren duly commissioned colonel november appointed chief medical section medical advisor director manhattan_project deputy warren office initially located new_york_city moved tennessee soon warren initial task staff hospitals washington new_mexico warren section responsible medical research health safety programs presented enormous challenge workers handling variety toxic chemicals hazardous gases high pressures working high novel ways performing experiments involving explosives mention largely unknown dangers presented handling materials december presented manhattan_project award honor distinguished service safety recognition safety record january june fatalities injuries percent private industry warren personally responsible safety aspects trinity nuclear test july new_mexico considerable concern radioactive fallout network established track fallout cloud found warren base camp shortly explosion displeased discover warren awake previous hours navy captain warren rest fortunately problems arose test atomic bombings hiroshima nagasaki carried august august warren ordered organize survey team proceed guam japan evaluate effect atomic bombs measures safety allied troops occupying cities initially survey team accompany assault troops invasion japan japan surrendered august day survey team departed san_francisco air survey team arrived august split parties warren warren party equipped portable arrived hiroshima air september group headed included brigadier general japanese rear admiral acted translator remained hiroshima september surveyed nagasaki september october impressed damage atomic bombs extensive japanese preparations american invasion atomic bombs japan raised military questions answered series nuclear tests planned operation crossroads personnel deployed bikini admiral joint task force conduct test health safety responsibility specialised job safety handled manhattan_project warren chief planned implemented measures assess limit control impact radiation teams given special training operation instrumentation measure interpretation readings training conducted aboard uss haven route arrived june personnel assigned warren appalled effects radioactive contamination environment deadly range radioactive products atomic bomb clearly demonstrated controlled conditions wrote defense atomic bombs lies outside scope science prevention atomic war warren left army november temporarily chief medical section civilian agency succeeded manhattan_project february replaced services warren awarded legion merit end world war group physicians proposed establish medical school southern_california patients included governor california voted establish medical school ucla october unanimously voted million establish new school signed law warren appointed new school dean found involved creating new medical school appointments associates rochester professor infectious disease professor pioneered use radioactive professor medicine year old plastic surgeon recruited lawrence professor surgery founding new school initially new school accommodated wartime scattered ucla campus warren wearing army construction permanent accommodation commenced students men women arrived faculty members time class graduated faculty members opened warren leadership school grew steadily adding nursing public health influential opposition warren established medical school ucla campus city integrate structures faculty departments university fostered development major library intellectual link life sciences health sciences warren vice chancellor health services served special assistant president later mental returning ucla professor emeritus position held death wife viola died july married warren awarded citation read imaginative vigorous efforts possible early development atomic energy assure protection man environment establishment research program resulted substantial applications radiation diagnosis treatment disease general welfare died july california survived wife children papers
|
Stafford L. Warren
|
Natural sciences
|
Biology and medicine
|
Medical people and institutions
|
26908_AnnaBågenholm
|
born swedish survived skiing accident left trapped layer ice minutes freezing water time victim extreme body temperature decreased lowest survived body temperatures recorded human accidental able find air pocket ice suffered arrest minutes water rescue transported helicopter team doctors nurses worked shifts hours save life days accident paralyzed neck subsequently spent months recovering intensive care unit recovery incident late suffering minor symptoms hands feet related nerve injury case discussed leading british medical journal medical textbooks background incident born sweden time incident years old studying surgeon decided residency norway surgeon assistant hospital mentor period doctor hospital celebrate retirement party day skiing mountains outside colleagues expert work day heading steep route taken times lost control fell layer ice frozen stream near landing hole opened ice head pulled filled clothes body trapped ice centimetres thick found feet ice rescue attempts colleagues attempt free failed local time seven minutes fallen water called help mobile phone police lieutenant received rescue teams mountain contacted rescue team equipped helicopter told helicopter left transport sick child persistent convinced turn helicopter held waited rescue teams arrive struggled cold water found air pocket able remain conscious minutes victim arrest led rescue team mountain fast location rescue team tried unsuccessfully pull rope tried dig snow break ice mountain arrived bringing pointed able cut hole ice pulled water minutes rescued recovery pulled water pupils blood circulating breathing doctors began giving rescue helicopter soon arrived brought hour helicopter emergency team continued flight oxygen treated effect arrived hospital body temperature time lowest survived body temperature recorded human accidental fellow years old survived christmas chief hospital emergency room proceeded attempt commented state completely pupils white wet ice cold touch skin looks absolutely dead gilbert treated cases cold climate norway knew treat connected showed signs life gilbert knew patients warmed declare dead team hoped brain received oxygen given rescue brought operating theatre team doctors nurses worked shifts hours save life connected bypass machine warmed blood outside body veins heart beat recorded body temperature risen lung function deteriorated spent following days connected soon began signs paralyzed neck feared spend rest life angry colleagues saving soon recovered later apologized friends irritated realized saved feared meaningless life dignity happy alive want apologize digestive system working properly recover intensive care unit months spending days intensive care unit flown sweden ambulance helicopter remainder recovery professor oslo said extraordinary medical achievement life saved believed reason able recover slowed incident tissues inside body required oxygen low temperatures according journal published slowed percent rate barely needed oxygen aftermath despite severe damage body permanent brain damage diagnosed gilbert commented body time cool completely heart stopped brain cold heart stopped brain cells needed little oxygen brain survive prolonged time gilbert noted method save victims arrest lowering body temperature frequent norwegian hospitals case gained fame returned work october october days accident returned hospital met doctors nurses helped save life commented patient thinking going die think going medical person think amazing alive october recovery minor symptoms hands feet related nerve injury remain late working hospital life saved according patients suffer extreme die doctors able restart hearts survival rate adults body temperature decreased prior accident lowest survived body temperature recorded child gilbert said victims deep accidental arrest seen potentially prospect recovery key success factors marginal efforts early actions vigorous early warning emergency system early dispatch adequate rescue units ground air good resources outside inside hospital aggressive spirit general wales said persons victims extreme mistakenly thought dead difficult detect pulse said case bring home cautious death people cold incident subject fiction medical textbooks case discussed leading british medical journal october story featured cnn television program day cheating death hosted program features stories people survived severe conditions odds hoped program people watching knowledge story included companion book cheating death doctors medical saving lives odds october gilbert appeared popular talk hosted
|
Anna Bågenholm
|
Natural sciences
|
Biology and medicine
|
Medical people and institutions
|
26999_FrancesMcConnell-Mills
|
july december american woman appointed denver city female rocky_mountains probably female forensic united_states raised colorado studying chemistry high school teacher later attended medical school graduating specialized fields forensic led testify high profile criminal cases career addition working denver city held positions multiple hospitals administrative boards battling lifelong health problems including heart disease leg died posthumously inducted early life born monument colorado father physician took house calls patients sent live aunt grandfather attend graduated age awarded scholarship received bachelor degree university aged graduated master degree chemistry making university youngest graduate master degree time began work teacher chemistry biology geometry applied accepted father previously paid men attend medical school refused pay tuition deemed medicine hard life woman supported medical school working musician local bars theaters tutor laboratory assistant november married lawyer gave birth daughter year continued use maiden professional career avoid drawing attention children career graduated doctor medicine completed subsequently took position offices hospital making female rocky_mountains area appointed denver city assistant working alongside deputy city appointment city woman hold position work mainly focused poison blood analysis testified criminal cases expert witness work involved determining cause death poisoning suspected investigated death year old denver girl case referred time city famous controversial murder case initially suspected girl poisoned discovered crushed glass girl stomach blood family car testimony led sentencing girl murder testified suspected murderer finding fibers murder scene suspect convicted murder executed granted posthumous pardon discovered murder victim killed lethal dose led investigations confirming killed men way testified trial cincinnati subsequently convicted executed called new_mexico key witness murder trial court reporter wrote gained national reputation blood analysis work additionally thought female forensic despite working numerous high profile widely publicized cases kept life private possible gave interview career outside extensive laboratory work 1930s 1940s undertook personal research passive immunity developed scarlet fever common cold use family members working invented hair called produced 1990s appointed director laboratory department later founded order train new workers especially women enrolled advanced training program university_of_michigan went study surgical chicago following term resigned accepted role luke hospital denver laboratory director forced leave illness recovering returned laboratory director continued work criminal cases jobs 1950s joined physician public health activist create examination behalf granting licenses applicants wished practice health science appointed board making female member time served health problems death battled health problems life contracting fever age subsequently progressed heart disease contracted required emergency developed deep vein right leg surgery leg subsequently knee given prosthetic leg named later wheelchair bound following death husband lived kept working weeks life filling roles practice consultant died december denver age legacy year death december received award recognized year graduate school women time practiced medicine years inducted daughter published book titled women consequence contains biographies hall_of_fame project began set write biography mother urged editor women hall_of_fame time book
|
Frances McConnell-Mills
|
Natural sciences
|
Biology and medicine
|
Medical people and institutions
|
28099_AniruConteh
|
august april physician expert clinical treatment fever viral fever endemic west_africa caused virus studied medicine taught later returned joined fever program superintendent clinical director began closed program medical team moved spent decades running dedicated fever ward world collaborated british charity promote public health education awareness campaigns intended prevent fever little funding supplies successfully reduced mortality rates saved lives accidental injury led death disease received renewed public attention hero memoir ward early life education teaching born august town son farmer chief village moved capital mother died teens studied chemistry biology began teaching receiving began studying medicine nigeria modern graduating spent years employed returned home married raised family wife sarah producing sons daughters medical career spent professional career working patients suffering fever viral fever endemic west_africa fever brought attention public outbreak nigeria identified disease known spread host mouse estimated people results deaths annually guinea outbreak attracted attention united_states response established research programs study disease began working team leader medical superintendent hospital broke forcing close program guinea hospital destroyed conflict spread fever grew worse civil war mouse infested abandoned houses increasing likelihood infection government hospital found middle war zone homeless months finally came began treating sick midst fighting friends overseas job outside chose stay help people help war experts familiar fever left country patients suspected having disease began brought treatment team moved director fever isolation ward world rebels took town left post thought rebels spared hospital destruction afraid catching fever civil war ended government began process rebuilding country contributions medicine civil war skills qualifications manage patients fever absence ward supported medical relief agency based according founder worked new laboratory built enable collaboration international research centres interest diseases worked training fever awareness campaigns fever program provided blueprint experts began working research related fever study published comparing outcome fever patients indirect test linked according study focused specifically development test fever travelled london england attend international conference fever presented paper managing disease returned london september receive spirit award outstanding role saving lives suffering death ward short staffed draw blood patients march infected virus received injury drawing blood young pregnant nurse suffering disease nurse died day ill march condition worsened treated initially survived critical stage fever died april failure days infected virus reporter described grief wake death news death spread like bush fire people devastated learn specialist gone gone forever nurses cried patients thrown state shock mourning funeral held town legacy work ward spanned years saved thousands lives played key role helping implement program support ward fever control measures skill dedication deaths cases suspected fever declined death left ward barely functioning began monitoring fever patients guinea today fully operational focuses treatment prevention research mentor ucla medical professor summer hero memoir ward publications appearance documentary film diagnosis clinical fever evaluated linked indirect test virus isolation journal clinical
|
Aniru Conteh
|
Natural sciences
|
Biology and medicine
|
Medical people and institutions
|
28302_FrancesOldhamKelsey
|
july august canadian physician reviewer refused authorize market concerns drug safety concerns proved justified shown caused birth defects career passage laws strengthening oversight second woman awarded president award distinguished federal civilian service president birth education born british_columbia graduated school high school age attended british_columbia victoria british_columbia enrolled study received professor urging wrote noted researcher starting new department university_of_chicago asking position graduate work presumed man offered position accepted began working second year retained research unusual deaths related medicine assisted research project showed deaths caused use year united_states congress passed act year completed studies received university_of_chicago working led interest drugs cause early career marriage completing joined university_of_chicago faculty like looking synthetic cure malaria result studies learned drugs able pass barrier met fellow faculty member married faculty university_of_chicago awarded supplemented teaching work editorial associate years left university_of_chicago decided position teaching moved husband daughters taught dual citizen canada united_states 1950s order continue practicing medicine retained strong ties canada continued visit siblings regularly late life work hired washington time seven time young time physicians reviewing drugs assignments review application drug specific indications drug pregnant women morning sickness approved canada european african countries withheld approval drug requested studies despite pressure manufacturer persisted requesting additional information explain english study documented nervous system effect insistence drug fully tested prior approval deformed europe linked mothers pregnancy researchers discovered crossed barrier caused birth defects hailed page washington_post heroine similar tragedy author washington_post article said prevented birth hundreds thousands children insisted assistants superiors backed strong stance deserved credit narrative persistence help pass rigorous drug approval regulation broke story july substantial public outcry passed unanimously congress october strengthen drug regulation companies required demonstrate new drugs report adverse reactions request consent patients participating clinical studies drug testing reforms required limits testing distribution new drugs avoid similar problems amendments time recognized effectiveness required established prior marketing new laws controversy result blocking american approval awarded president award distinguished federal civilian service president second woman receive award british released film kennedy acknowledging speech receiving award continued work played key role shaping enforcing amendments responsible directing surveillance drug testing retired age years service named awarded annually employee later life death continued work recognised earlier work working appointed deputy scientific medical affairs british_columbia named honour retired presented drug safety excellence award named annual award announcing given staff member annually announcing awards center director said pleased established recognize recipients outstanding accomplishments important aspect drug regulation turned july shortly fall moved washington live daughter london ontario june named victim head praised showing strength courage refusing bend pressure drug company officials said heroine country died london ontario august age hours ontario lieutenant governor visited home present insignia member role legacy awards president award distinguished federal civilian service gold key award university_of_chicago medical inducted named virtual mentor recipient excellence courage given honorary doctor science degree named
|
Frances Oldham Kelsey
|
Natural sciences
|
Biology and medicine
|
Medical people and institutions
|
2504_TheRedThrone
|
red throne seventh episode fifth season animated television series episode help finn tries escape arranged marriage flame lord set father flame king keith david wrote episode synopsis devised writers including creator david stars live film lent voices aforementioned characters episode contains parody popular combat sequence film actors box close minutes background art accomplished experience growing utah inspired pieces episode originally aired february red throne seen roughly million viewers writers education related websites praised episode writing themes performances despite praise adventure time crew perceived online response fans negative plot flame lord shows tell rule flame subjects father flame king appears daughter deprived body temperature crown tells arranged marriage tries escape palace inhabitants mind control spell try seize riding wolf palace walls rescues escape enlist aid finn uneasy split finn tries informs remain friends return kingdom entrance guarded inhabitants finn goes directly guards captured advises late people spell visits imprisoned duo vows marry complains flame king failing deliver promise lord king box authority knocking flame people spell delivers speech palace convincing people flame king earning affections production red throne written separate group writers came idea episode kim adapted storyboard creator ward resigned occupation runner production season employing crew members background artist depicted derelict van wrecked truck ruined musical instruments piece episode inspired growing desert utah band let bands temporarily stay house tours taking auto shops breaking voice supplied provided voice flame king distinguished wrestler actor appeared numerous films famous roles unnamed man dubbed live directed released known scene film lasting nearly minutes man fight friend david wants share glasses similar fashion adventure time episode includes parody scene flame king engage combat scene live previously subject south_park parody called reuniting david wwe similarly found line gym magic protein shake rage seemingly written wrestling persona release reception originally aired red throne february approximately million people saw episode live broadcast according numbers percent year old residents households television sets watched episode indicated nielsen rating network released episode dvd year broadcast box set later box set complete fifth season adventure time crew satisfied episode completion spite described reaction fans internet largely negative surprise earned grade compared evolution simple minded character complexity progression opined theme life following broken romance benefits complexity saw physical cooling metaphor personal changes individual relationship experience nostalgia felt relationship separate romance interpreted battle flame lord flame king demonstrate sensible ruler huffington_post writer cited gaining affection reason secondary people staff writers called character progression seemingly note characters strength similarly applied ice king writing dvd talk described episode showing finn embarrassing died july called best roles pop culture editor staff supposed fans series likely foreign tones voice commemoration saw guest role showing mastery pop culture calling bizarre fate normal universe
|
The Red Throne
|
Media and drama
|
Television
|
Adventure Time
|
3072_Billy'sBucketList
|
billy bucket list final episode fifth season american animated television series adventure time episode written story originally aired march episode guest stars voiced character series follows adventures finn voiced human boy best friend adoptive brother jake voiced dog magical powers change shape grow shrink episode finn finds billy voiced bucket list decides complete unfinished items tribute fallen hero completing items including giving billy girlfriend canyon voiced motorcycle ride conquering fear ocean billy appears finn telling finn biological father alive episode feature storyboard artist return series seventh season interim time focused art career episode marked time credited supervising director left direct animated mini series garden wall billy bucket list met critical acclaim reviewer complimenting episode cliffhanger emotional growth addition episode watched million viewers plot freestyle rap battle hosted party pat voiced finn approached billy voiced girlfriend canyon voiced delivers billy finn finn venture billy pay respects finn defeats group discovers bucket list penned billy canyon finn decide complete tribute fallen hero joy ride desert environment canyon finn ways finn soon discovers list contains item hidden left corner reading lie ocean float finn terrified ocean decides final task billy fear voiced knocks unconscious time intense dream swimming ocean consumed whale eventually wakes possibly uses grass sword slice destroy fear ending finn ocean fear good spirit billy finn sky completing list spirit departs reveals finn human father alive trapped mysterious place known citadel production billy bucket list written story episode feature season finale gut return series seventh season according left different pursue interests pursue different path television animation september posted image confirming partners seventh season art direction handled supervising direction adam episode marked time credited supervising director later left series direct animated mini series garden wall voiced canyon episode features return hero billy previously appeared season episode hero fourth season finale addition comedian rapper actor reprise roles party pat respectively previously voiced character second season episode belly beast appeared season episode ocean fear rap battle music scored heavy use orchestra hits instrumental later uploaded shared official adventure time production blog episode background art pieces artist inserted buried car bombs hole cliff additions claims honor america greatest film treasures reception billy bucket list aired march episode viewed million viewers scored nielsen rating year old demographic nielsen ratings audience measurement systems determine audience size composition television programming united_states means episode seen percent households aged years old watching television time episode airing furthermore episode 43rd watched cable program night aired awarded episode arguing example series continued growth wrote finn grows series opined final minute billy bucket list drops major plot bomb gives series exciting direction season events leading cliffhanger aren provocative substantial episodes represent things great minute oasis beginning week noted major ingredient series delivers heavy serving finn finds underwater zap2it called episode great ending season entertainment_weekly awarded episode noting series hilarious sleep episode particular showcases described main plot oddly introspective wrote end surprise reveal mythology boost push radical new direction
|
Billy's Bucket List
|
Media and drama
|
Television
|
Adventure Time
|
4994_RicardiotheHeartGuy
|
heart guy heart guy seventh episode season american animated television series adventure time episode written story originally aired april episode guest stars title character series follows adventures finn voiced human boy best friend adoptive brother jake voiced dog magical powers change shape grow shrink episode finn believes princess bubblegum voiced new friend heart named evil proven right learning heart ice king voiced reveals wants bubblegum heart defeated finn jake minor recurring villain fourth season entry lady episode aired series composer posted video explaining inspiration method produced music featured episode largely scored episode opera music felt genre suited heart guy watched million people received largely positive critical attention reviews praising voice work plot ice king captures princess bubblegum finn jake manage save bubblegum happy decides throw party finn thank finn makes bubblegum gift jake says finn crush finn denies arrive party notices including bubblegum preoccupied heart shaped man named bubblegum begin discussing scientific topics dance floor leaves finn feeling jealous finn begins think villain jake notes finn jealous spy evil going acquiring rope broken bottles throwing ice king decide question super villain finn punches right bubblegum comes mad upset takes away ice king soon finn jake looking reveals actually heart gained ice king performed failed love spell desires cut bubblegum heart bride finn jake race bubblegum castle find tied chair rip heart finn jake fight manage beat ice king castle places chest later dinner bubblegum tells finn need jealous anymore finn denies jealous place production heart guy written story directed episode introduces recurring villain played character later called valentine hell later reprised role season episode lady initial drafts character featured looking like anthropomorphic heart complete individuals adventure time universe highly detailed face commentary episode design compared face moon french silent film based novel men moon episode aired series composer posted video explaining inspiration method producing music featured episode according video created skeleton score shower voice audio captured phone originally score going new_york_city taxi jazz feel unhappy genre choice changed feel music played ice king interacted inspired score original seven minute short addition opera singer lent voice episode according able record vocals successfully chose opera knew reputation intellectual preoccupied murder traits felt suited reception heart guy aired april episode watched million viewers scored percent nielsen household rating meaning seen percent households percent households watching television time episode airing episode saw physical release adventure time favorite people dvd included episodes series seasons later released complete season dvd july commentary episode included dvd episode garnered positive reviews critics ign review noted idea walking talking heart named plans cut princess bubblegum heart potent nightmare fuel finds way grim idea accessible fun appearance gained critical favor named appearance episode greatest moments noting missed voice science talking heart adventure time new favorite tyler foster dvd talk called highlights season reviewer review lady wrote welcome series largely delightful voice work furthermore praised way delivered lines noting theatrical vocals stark contrast ice king sounds like having great time reading ridiculous lines written
|
Ricardio the Heart Guy
|
Media and drama
|
Television
|
Adventure Time
|
5915_Evicted!
|
evicted evicted twelfth episode season american animated television series adventure time episode written story originally aired march preview series later officially aired episode guest stars king worm episode marks appearance voiced play larger role series friend companion finn jake series follows adventures finn voiced human boy best friend adoptive brother jake voiced dog magical powers change shape grow shrink episode finn jake search land new home claims duo finn jake search new home settling temporarily cave final confrontation gives finn jake house finds entertaining character present series pitch bible appeared episode prior evicted cast character initially read princess bubblegum later pleased casting praising varied design evicted features song produced series house hunting song evicted watched million people received largely positive critical attention ign naming episode fourth best episode season noting episode example emotional complexity series evicted drastically increased popularity fans series plot rainy night jake tells finn story supposed vampire live tree fort finn scared sounds outside house goes talk jake suddenly window blown open lights finn jake soon discover house finn jake terrified kill drink blood reveals intentions killing noting eats color red explains tree house belong promptly residence finn jake attempt find new homes initially unable find suitable home cave clean cave hold house warming party crashes explains cave belongs finn having starts fight grows huge demonic bat seemingly kills jake finn goes rage violently punches promptly shape shifts regular form kisses finn cheek making jake able use shape shifting powers save runs finn states fight fun old house gift finn jake return old promptly king worm voiced production evicted written story developed entry directed storyboard episode substantially different finished episode dialogue finn jake near beginning longer found instead dialogue note merely reads montage music begins storyboard shows finn jake looking new houses dialogue substantially changed scene included finn jake encounter ice king original version finn jake group ice king anger manner finn jake discover cave finn jake fall nearly ending originally featured jake finn dealing aforementioned house hunting song musical piece produced adventure time song originally called sung ward olivia lyrics written ward recorded rough demo song cappella later recorded song guitar ward recorded different high intensity version subdued variant crew deciding version use ward wanted use recording urged ward use later posted demo song official twitter account played bass episode according series composer trained bassist recorded guitar feedback later melodies episode marks appearance main characters adventure time appear series pilot design character present series pitch book penned based childhood friend ward friend named marie middle ward described marie likes horror movie wearing dark clothing ward purposely set character complex explained interview female characters easy write clichés write extreme opposite clichés try faults strengths like finn jake voiced originally auditioned role princess bubblegum initial audition asked read role definitely impressed character seeing design drawings character singing voice artistic design created ward small changes additions added lead character designer prop designer later related interview impressed character cool style love come episode episode features vocal talents actor king worm reprise role eponymous fourth season episode king worm reception evicted previewed march episode officially aired episode watched viewers scored percent nielsen household rating nielsen ratings audience measurement systems determine audience size composition television programming united_states means episode seen percent households percent households watching television time episode airing critical reception evicted largely positive ign named introduction evicted fourth best moment series season wrote sure episode finn jake home hey time meet awesome later wrote best gone popular characters adventure time fan base release evicted popularity grew enormously ward later noted felt good nice named episode additional installments series illustrates emotional complexity lies beneath ancient psychic tandem supernatural writer producer review episode smith expressed appreciate voice actress noting pretty hard past compared relationship finn episode interactions busy characters short lived sitcom commended fact sung argued example author speaking directly audience akin listening media release episode saw physical release adventure time favorite people dvd included episodes series seasons later released complete season dvd july addition limited edition vinyl record release included house hunting song alongside songs sung
|
Evicted!
|
Media and drama
|
Television
|
Adventure Time
|
6543_Lady&Peebles
|
lady lady nineteenth episode fourth season american animated television series adventure time episode written story originally aired august episode guest stars series follows adventures finn voiced human boy best friend adoptive brother jake voiced dog magical powers change shape grow shrink episode princess bubblegum voiced voiced searching finn jake missing weeks fighting ice king voiced revealed ice king living heart trapped wishes marry bubblegum bubblegum eventually defeats hand hand combat saves day lady featured return previously voiced season episode heart guy video games inspired elements episode including legend mask eternal darkness requiem amnesia dark descent lady watched million people received largely positive critical attention praising voice acting austin chronicle female centric nature episode episode later nominated annie award plot princess bubblegum investigate mysterious black ice cave fearing finn jake captured ice king routine expedition inside cave lady bubblegum enter engineered dungeon attacked mysterious hand like creatures attempt grab lady manages phase wall hear ice king voice coming ventilation shaft inside shaft attacked giant tongue enter room covered eyes bubblegum lady approach room exit eyes activate shoot laser duo lady bubblegum dark carrying unconscious lady shoulders suddenly body oblivious ice king dark living heart ice king introduces unconscious finn jake light reveals built body dungeon complex attempt impress bubblegum reveals wishes marry bubblegum agrees marry beat hand hand combat short fight bubblegum forces flee wounded darkness later candy kingdom finn jake ice king lady recover lady reveals jake pregnant production heart guy story directed sugar eventual creator cartoon network series began working said program pilot episode episode episode features recurring villain played character later called valentine hell later previously played role season episode heart guy sugar felt bubblegum episode victim sexual harassment way solve problem turn situation come episode depicted having bubblegum best combat sugar fact got draw bubblegum leg beating noted wanting featuring scene art high school climactic scene supposed featured body imagery originally slated seated giant hand throne hole chest graphic episode reveals pregnant jake children plot point later brought forefront fifth season episode jake dad draft ending supposed break jake causing stressed crew decided bad idea changed telling jake pregnant originally planned pregnancy reveal korean crew felt meaning ending lost audience video games inspired elements episode body based finale incarnation character eponymous video game legend mask general look dungeon inspired video games eternal darkness requiem game amnesia dark descent character designer known work nickelodeon series panels featuring princess bubblegum grinding foot face drew panels lead character designer allowed character designs scene later posted official account reception lady aired august episode viewed million viewers scored nielsen rating year old demographic nielsen ratings audience measurement systems determine audience size composition television programming united_states means episode seen percent households aged years old watching television time episode airing episode saw physical release cake dvd included episodes series seasons critical reception episode largely positive awarded episode wrote welcome series largely delightful voice work furthermore praised way delivered lines noting theatrical vocals stark contrast ice king sounds like having great time reading ridiculous lines written wrote positively bubblegum character noting dominates episode episode reveals rarely hopefully future austin chronicle noted episode princess bubblegum centric season episode cake gives female fans finn jake moments named episode memorable episodes appeared dvd release cake episode nominated annie award animated television broadcast production 40th annie awards episode win
|
Lady & Peebles
|
Media and drama
|
Television
|
Adventure Time
|
7364_AdventureTime(season5)
|
adventure time season fifth season american animated television series adventure time created originally aired united_states series based short produced animation series random cartoons season debuted november finished march season follows adventures finn human boy best friend adoptive brother jake dog magical powers change shape grow shrink finn jake live post apocalyptic land way interact main characters princess bubblegum ice king episode fifth season episode finn human jake dog aired november episode viewed million viewers marked dramatic increase previous season premiere finale season ended billy bucket list viewed million viewers season met largely positive critical reception june series nominated best animated series win simon nominated primetime emmy awards respectively character designer series art director won outstanding individual achievement animation respectively season comprised episodes making twice length previous seasons episodes written ward season featured guest animators episodes respectively furthermore year feature sugar page left create shows final season feature ward showrunner produced studios addition compilation dvds contained episodes season released season set released dvd blu ray july development concept season follows adventures human boy best friend jake dog magical powers change shape grow shrink finn jake live post apocalyptic land way interact main characters princess bubblegum ice king common storylines revolve finn jake discovering strange creatures dealing antagonistic misunderstood ice king battling monsters order help episodes deal finn romantic relationship production october announced officially renewed adventure time fifth season episode titles released november reached end fourth season based production numbers finn human episode underwent production episode aired season contains episodes twice normal number episodes season storyboard artist explained originally special supposed divide season half special pushed later cancelled production half season referred season second half referred season episodes produced process similar previous seasons episodes episodes began simple page outline contained necessary plot information outlines handed storyboard artists expand rough outline storyboard episodes design coloring burbank california animation handled overseas south_korea rough draft korea episodes hand animated fifteenth episode created guest animator signature animation according brought board ward expressed interest letting helm episode initially producers wanted appear earlier seasons network hesitant bring guest directors eventually network relented finally approved appear fifth season british animator guest animated horse featured episode half season writers room largely composed ward eventually left series create garden wall newly promoted brought board pen story outlines season written sugar ward little entry series prop character designer wrote official cole basically held hand process incredibly patient starting love games promoted lead character designer storyboard artist guest artist creator animated series episodes root beer guy dedicated storyboard artist earlier episodes series died car accident february age regular storyboard art partner worked german cartoonist worked google pearson paired episodes pairing temporary boarded rest season kim season feature page sugar page left completing create series sugar left series episode simon focus attention series episode fault regular episode season feature directed credit subsequent episode little credited supervising director art director later explained currently gets directed credit cash previous episodes credited creative directors according series decided phase title favor supervising director half season cash took turns holding supervising director credit different episodes starting storyboard artist season returned series credited supervising director place bad little boy season eleventh episode directed credit fact episode produced little aired order featured directed credit fact episode director guest animator director series interview rolling_stone ward revealed stepped series showrunner season favor explained naturally person found extremely exhausting having deal people day said ward remained working series storyboard artist storyline writer single fifth season episode exception featured story input ward cast voice actors include voice acting veterans portrays plays ice king voices princess bubblegum addition portrays voice portrays ward provides voice minor characters including storyboard artist voices video game console english jake girlfriend korean friend mother plays voice small elephant voices finn romantic interest season episodes feature series principal antagonist portrayed adventure time cast records lines group recordings opposed different recording sessions voice actor record natural sounding dialogue characters described group recordings akin play reading play voices actors actresses reprise characters season fourth season character short short reprise roles earl respectively mystery dungeon voice following episodes fault short old voice character old eponymous episode bad little boy featured returning reprising role cake voices flame king vault bones earth water red throne reappears king great bird man voices titular character episode features candy person named plays recurring role role play date role grand master wizard betty musical parody artist weird role fixed truck role demon play date pit having appeared season episode dad dungeon recurring role finn jake dad episode pit returns series apple wedding voicing pig role episode blade grass voices alternate universe version character named episode finn human role death returns ash betty return billy bucket list respectively series regularly employs guest voices new characters instance finn human jake dog voiced finn mother season cliffhanger appeared plays role additionally jake dog voices cosmic owl tree voices beaver owl appears later season episode playing different character jake dad voice reprise role later episodes job short appears sunny voices charlie viola little appears bad little boy debuted male counterpart episode voices grown version finn voices voices voices anthropomorphic bubble lost plays eponymous character appear episode voicing demon possessed respectively series storyboard artist voiced party god party portrayed female island episode character appeared minor role season episode favorite people reappears job season voiced job voiced appears ann appears betty appears jake suit appear respectively sky witch features wife kenny voicing eponymous sky witch vault voices voices bath boy gang boss love games voices princess sister appears voices character samantha episode pit james appears titular character episode root beer guy series outline writer voice character voices character wife addition wish foundation arranged year old named christopher voice background character root beer guy voices king apple wedding rainn_wilson voices titular character plays red throne appears betty episode actor musician voices character series storyboard artist voices canyon billy bucket list characters voiced little reception release ratings season debuted november episode finn human jake dog episodes watched million viewers marked drastic increase million viewers compared previous season premiere previous season finale season opener watched episode season aside season opener jake dad bad little boy episodes season garner million viewers watched million viewers respectively march reported averaged roughly million viewers episode season billy bucket list march episode viewed million viewers marking slight decrease viewers compared season finale viewed million viewers reviews accolades praised beginning season engaging called ideal testament animation glorious commercial arena defined restrictions felt exploration sad series mysterious relationship ice king characters abilities deny bad surrounding world invites songs vibrant artwork series strongest points particularly pleased season opener calling interesting creative challenge later published article explaining adventure time best right singled simon praising way episode world kinds fascinating ways furthermore compared entry book road specifically citing similarities creatures episode people ultimately concluded series willingness themes episode sticking unique combination haunting beauty routinely transforms genre experiment wrote season experimental series writers storyboard artists continue experiment minutes specifically cited plots season little people examples applauded fact series willing explore different styles animation installment argued emotional depth series increased season highlighting simon example emily later awarded entire season noting adventure time managed stay fire fifth season double wide episode run praised aforementioned creativity experimentation wrote writing staff taken obvious x-files approach expanding length stories able tell linking monster week episodes longer arcs later named series 27th best television series noting end super sized season saw string ambitious episodes blew world wide open deepening stories princess doomed romance ice king past site selected stand season end episode graded different letter grade season received grade entries grade installments grade episodes june series nominated best animated series lost series archer primetime emmy awards simon later nominated primetime emmy award short format animation character designer won emmy outstanding individual achievement animation character designs episode making series emmy win episode later nominated primetime emmy award short format animation primetime emmy awards july announced series art director won emmy outstanding individual achievement animation work episode home media released multiple dvd volumes jake dad princess day contain episodes fifth season complete season set released july dvd releases purchased individual episodes downloaded itunes_store episodes director supervising director dvd release
|
Adventure Time (season 5)
|
Media and drama
|
Television
|
Adventure Time
|
8527_AdventureTime(season4)
|
adventure time season fourth season american animated television series adventure time created originally aired united_states series based short produced animation series random cartoons season debuted april season finale aired october season follows adventures finn human boy best friend adoptive brother jake dog magical powers change shape grow shrink finn jake live post apocalyptic land way interact main characters princess bubblegum ice king episode season hot touch watched million viewers marked slight decrease viewers watching compared previous season debut season ended cliffhanger viewed million viewers story resolved start season season met largely positive critical reception addition episodes nominated awards episodes princess hard easy lady nominated episode card wars won golden reel award production season ward series crew sought come called season blues writing interesting different stories previously aired season written produced studios compilation dvds contained episodes season released season finished airing season set released october dvd blu ray development concept season follows adventures human boy best friend adoptive brother jake dog magical powers change shape grow shrink finn jake live post apocalyptic land way interact main characters princess bubblegum ice king common storylines revolve finn jake discovering strange creatures battling ice king battling monsters order help episodes deal finn attempting production april announced official blog unable confirm deny series renewed fourth season fourth season planned writing begin week april ward officially announced season nearing completion production staff shifted focus fourth season episode enter production short based production number later second episode aired writing season ward series head writer noted increasingly difficult produce new episode concepts writers lot cool ideas called slump season blues ward went clarify coming super weird interesting gets little harder dig deeper combat issues writer staff tried different story writing methods technique called exquisite corpse writer starts story sheet paper paper folded writer tries finish ward noted ideas usually terrible decided experiment different types storytelling introduce new characters season episodes produced process similar previous seasons episodes episodes began simple page outline contained necessary plot information outlines handed storyboard artists expand rough outline storyboard episodes design coloring burbank california animation handled overseas south_korea rough draft korea season written ward proud writing staff season saying writing staff super talented bunch super smart explained amazing helping let write cool ideas supportive trying trying season produced studios series rated cast voice actors include voice acting veterans portrays plays ice king voices princess bubblegum addition portrays voice portrays ward provides voice minor characters storyboard artist voices video game console jake girlfriend korean friend mother plays voice small elephant voices finn new romantic interest season features series principal antagonist portrayed adventure time cast records lines group recordings opposed different recording sessions voice actor record natural sounding dialogue characters described group recordings akin play reading play voice actors actresses reprise characters season returns hot touch voices pig dream love role episode return daddy little monster voices death sons mars episode ward voices abraham_lincoln throw series pilot episode voices titular character king worm voices anthropomorphic heart villain lady returns earl episode voice genetically created twin voices flame king point returns voice billy makes debut episode short voice spider couple web writer daughter appears titular character son henry voices voice character princess kenny voice headed deity sons mars voices dream warrior win returns episode farm appears point lend voices episode hard easy prince huge elder respectively originally supposed voice character previous season bow scheduling conflict characters voiced reception release ratings season debuted april episode hot touch episode watched million viewers marked slight decrease season premiere viewed million viewers episode number kids aged boys aged season sixteenth episode burning low seen million viewers making watched episode series air episode season hard easy 100th episode produced entire aired aired october season finale aired october viewed ranked number television episode timeslot kids aged boy demographics reviews accolades slate magazine award fourth season stars review positively complimented growing characters dialogue best current animated series concluded series possesses faults season season reviewed reviewer wrote fourth year transformed different beast strongest season episode graded different letter grade season received grade entries grade installments thirteen grade episodes season episodes nominated princess nominated hard easy nominated design lady nominated episodes managed win episode card wars won golden reel award best sound editing sound effects dialogue home media released dvds consisting region region formats jake cake jake dad princess day card wars created region markets containing episodes fourth season season dvd blu ray released october dvd releases purchased individual episodes downloaded itunes_store episodes dvd release
|
Adventure Time (season 4)
|
Media and drama
|
Television
|
Adventure Time
|
9535_Betty(AdventureTime)
|
betty adventure time betty eighth episode fifth season american animated television series adventure time written story originally aired february episode guest stars eponymous character betty entry saw return characters series follows adventures finn voiced human boy best friend adoptive brother jake voiced dog magical powers change shape grow shrink episode ice king simon voiced exposed anti magic named gets help finn jake order betty fiancée succeeds bringing begins die forcing betty defeat episode centered betty promised crew san diego comic con international subject matter length episode scenes cut trimmed time placed episode review complimentary story applauded voice acting plot background context series ice king recurring antagonist series frequently kidnaps odds finn jake generally threat season episode holly secrets revealed ice king originally human archaeologist named placing mysterious ice crown head magic scared love life betty saw fourth season episode remember revealed ice king year old originally met following events mysterious mushroom war war destroyed modern human society simon revealed shared father daughter bond events ice king help named pass reveals creature pure anti magic crown stripped magic ice king self voiced simon initially unaware steals magic carpet ash voiced flies enters hidden elements previous life books artifacts clothing preserved phones telling rush bring stuffed bear arrives finn jake trio learn simon dying thousand years old wants create portal past apologize fiancée betty making leave filled key portal realizing destroyed enable protector love life time agrees portal opened moments simon ice crown scared betty simon future appears explains situation apologizes betty realizing happened jumps portal kisses simon portal close simon collapse betty realizes simon needs magic order survive places magic carpet flies way death voiced appears simon vision offering chance escaping curse crown simon refuses betty attacks eventually destroys simon unaware happened later recounts events captured muscle princess betty survived struggle watches sadly window flies magic carpet production betty written story art direction handled supervising direction helmed episode centered betty promised crew san diego comic con international originally submitted idea outline writers turn worked rewrote produce final episode later noted personal intention episode convey idea simon death life ice king love sacrifice person provide hope future character popular adventure time fanbase originally supposed featured episode betty jam packed non essential cut storyboard left later deleted scene episode promotional artwork betty stars comedian girls creator betty head writer facebook friends knew independent film scene crew approached excited interested fan recorded lines production girls new_york episode marks return guest stars role death returns ash appeared fourth season episode sons mars appeared season episode memory memory role previous appeared fifth season episode recurring role voicing grand master wizard voices series reception betty aired february episode watched million viewers received nielsen household rating nielsen ratings audience measurement systems determine audience size composition television programming united_states means episode seen percent households time broadcast episode 4th watched episode aired week february march awarded called huge episode ice king marked major shift character future past lover betty noted designed jump start momentum introducing new characters storylines future episodes premise opens storytelling avenues future series applauded casting betty noting finds emotional truth underneath absurd situation balance drama comedy script wired magazine named episode episodes skip
|
Betty (Adventure Time)
|
Media and drama
|
Television
|
Adventure Time
|
10229_BadTiming(AdventureTime)
|
bad timing adventure time bad timing ninth episode fifth season animated television series written created head story episode falls love mate secondary school suspects lost date princess bubblegum attempts time travel win affections visually unique episode comprises frames circular inner frame holds main story outer margins carry small creatures writers likened story high school peer time originally aired march broadcast seen million viewers writers entertainment related publications praised episode depth mood visuals new_yorker critic particular saw establishing character called episode background adventure time follows adventures principal characters aged jake dog recurring characters featured bad timing include kingdom candy people bubblegum works scientist varying experiments portrayed valley girl source drama arrogant personality shallow relationships plot princess bubblegum demonstrates company device capable time travel comes demands bubblegum transport love bubblegum explains machine capable logging molecules given entity attacks bubblegum forces leave bar meets mate secondary school confesses anxiety scheduled interview bubblegum business venture advises fix posture appear confident thanks advice invites complex fall love share good nights finds absent morning suspects like abandoned relief finds cooking breakfast kitchen returns interview reveals invited separate meeting bubblegum castle asks appear says meeting private bubblegum stolen heart leaves fit rage delivering monologue passion necessary love cocktail castle bubblegum considers impact attack kingdom tells hide foot desk finds uses device attempting revert loved disappears bubblegum figures happened informs failing log molecules longer exists universe avoid having asks bubblegum use device properly erased memory past attacking bubblegum storms bubblegum drink production episode ninth fifth season visually episode framed having important events story occur center bordered small creatures appear margins outer frame film television critic dubbed inner frame time bubble absorbing creatures bubblegum experiments time travel device following having memory erased episode appears outer frame bad timing written previously collaborated come idea episode duo adapting storyboard creator ward resigned occupation runner production season head story episode summarized concept time travel writers related episode situations run high school like didn notice alluded episode involves time travel release reception originally aired bad timing march million half people saw episode live broadcast television critic gave episode praise new_yorker comparing fairy tale characterized laughter sorrow called mood happy miserable emotions preceding episode writer gave grade finding like emotionally intense praised episode supplying usually arrogant character tragic saw character explored way considered episode proof character wrote appropriately shows specifically lauded monologue delivered showing consistent strength makes admirable praised episode capable mature topics children aimed humorous way opined episode waters dedicated conversation parade hosted open found written incredibly complicated sad performed direction guest lines regarded visuals pinnacle wrote notion time flat circle inspired circular shape inner frame noted use color circle way convey emotions evoked episode ignoring device saw use humorous contributed described creatures appearing outer frame mute chorus suggesting live parallel universe connection isolation episode later released dvd twice year broadcast princess day box set later box set complete fifth season home video critic called bad timing surprisingly devastating dvd talk summed episode climax
|
Bad Timing (Adventure Time)
|
Media and drama
|
Television
|
Adventure Time
|
11088_JaketheBrick
|
jake brick twentieth episode sixth season american animated television series adventure time episode written directed head writer outline series creator debuted november episode aired corn week new adventure time series follows adventures finn voiced human boy best friend adoptive brother jake voiced dog magical powers change shape grow shrink episode jake tries fulfill bizarre lifelong ambition brick inside collapses finn supportive leaves jake begins events finn drawn jake storytelling finn uses radio station broadcast jake narration trials rabbit soon radio broadcast unbeknownst jake based game exquisite corpse making episodes adventure time developed game production crew drawing decided build episode order showcase episode viewed million viewers episode met positive critical reception simplistic calm nature won primetime emmy award short format animation plot finn manages locate jake fulfilling bizarre lifelong ambition brick inside collapses finn expresses support decides head tree fort leaves jake period time passes jake begins events finn drawn jake storytelling finn uses radio station broadcast jake narration jake focuses attention trials rabbit rabbit rogue deer storm threatens destroy home rabbit aid friendly sea animals able rebuild rabbit home jake narrates entirety tunes broadcast tale rabbit unbeknownst jake production jake brick written head writer story series creator served episode supervising director art direction helmed genesis episode traced drawing game exquisite corpse quick featured finn offering brick shaped jake sandwich accompanied short plot synopsis involving jake son plot crew found drawing amusing decided work episode reality episodes generated game exquisite corpse according ward ideas come game terrible large portion dialogue final episode written reception jake brick aired november episode air corn week new adventure time seen million viewers scored nielsen rating year old demographic nielsen ratings audience measurement systems determine audience size composition television programming united_states means episode seen percent households aged years old watching television time episode airing episode met positive critical reception simplistic calm nature awarded episode calling satisfying episode applauded way took episode fairly simple plot structure framed emergency news broadcast noting episode emphasizes value radio medium positively compared episode popular serial writing episode aforementioned emphasize importance audio experience furthermore opined episode experimental proof writers creative control series named jake brick best episodes sixth season praised episode calm peaceful tone arguing episode listen jake tell story attached like listeners radio september episode won emmy short format animation making series win category explanatory notes
|
Jake the Brick
|
Media and drama
|
Television
|
Adventure Time
|
12126_Puhoy
|
sixteenth episode fifth season american animated television series adventure time episode written story originally aired april episode guest stars series follows adventures finn voiced human boy best friend adoptive brother jake voiced dog magical powers change shape grow shrink episode finn begins second relationship builds giant fort navigating finn seemingly falls asleep dreams ends world marries woman named children world finn grows old dies wake real world soon receives relationship appearance finn adult based character musical seven seven brothers favorite episode episode viewed million viewers received rating adults ages wrote positively way episode focused character development noting episode bore similarities captain america similarly geek smash compared episode work episode character designs won outstanding individual achievement animation primetime emmy awards making series emmy win plot knife storm finn jake stay construct massive fort finn feeling laugh joke takes sign relationship jake says finn imagining things finn ventures fort let mind inside passes portal magical land saves village blanket dragon leader throws celebration honor finn dances daughter knows home years later finn married children jay tells ancient book discovered revealing door finn world appears periodically seeking information family travels says finn remain land long finn thinks jake decides want leave world eventually grows old man dies surrounded family spirit flies realm emerges fort child starts tell jake life gets says finally got joke hangs recall life lived production written story developed series creator according episodes writers successfully developed playing game exquisite corpse episode directed credited supervising director handled art direction episode guest stars noted pleased cast noting big thanks wallace finally got cast shortening bucket list designed adult finn reminiscent character musical seven seven brothers explained allusion fact musical personal favorites addition design based wife according character designer reception aired april episode watched million viewers received rating demographic nielsen household rating nielsen ratings audience measurement systems determine audience size composition television programming united_states means episode seen percent year olds time broadcast episode 35th watched cable program demographic night aired episode saw physical release jake dad dvd included episodes series fourth fifth seasons awarded episode praised way entry focuses building character compared episode captain america noting deal themes traveling distant lands ing alternate dimension end complimented episode dealing moral relationship people need slow don freak communicate geek smash compared episode series books english author felt installment hilarious pretty awesome cited world highlights noting work episode lead character designer won emmy award outstanding individual achievement animation character designs making series emmy win
|
Puhoy
|
Media and drama
|
Television
|
Adventure Time
|
12939_FionnaandCake
|
cake cake ninth episode season american animated television series adventure time episode written story series creator originally aired september series follows adventures finn voiced human boy best friend adoptive brother jake voiced dog magical powers change shape grow shrink episode finn jake forced listen ice king gender swapped voiced cake cat voiced story goes date prince voiced fights evil ice queen voiced concept cake based sketches series character designer storyboard ward pleased creations decided originally episode feature ice queen middle episode saw date restaurant subsequently changed episode watched million people making time watched episode series cake received largely positive reviews fans critics alike sequels episode bad little boy prince wanted produced fifth sixth season respectively plot cake helping prince asks like tonight conversation interrupted ice queen breaks castle tries kidnap cake start fight mysteriously disappears apparently unharmed arranges date tree fort cake argue asked date cake decides come help castle gardens met lord group flies air song eventually asks girlfriend cake ball takes room decorated candles rose locks door backs away begins shirt drop water lands shoulder looks real prince trapped inside giant ceiling fake prince revealed ice queen soon cake senses trouble rushes rescue enraged deception takes crystal sword fight sword turns ice queen tricks turns ball ice hands cake hears noises senses trouble uses ice beat ice queen head ice queen pushes burst snow allows close break prince free knock ice queen broken cake bursts sees standing torn dress jumps wrong conclusion stops cake tells ice queen ice queen recovers cake away knock magic powers real asks date turned notes need boyfriend moment episode reveals entire story created ice king reading finn jake ice ice king asks enjoyed story finn ice king threatens ice powers cast cake taking place gender swapped universe likewise features gender swapped versions inhabitants list major characters feature cake follows voiced gender swapped version finn brave adventurous girl struggles issues pertaining attraction romance cake voiced cake gender swapped version jake cat instead dog cake sarcastic loyal friend like jake possesses power stretch body convoluted shapes prince voiced gender swapped version princess bubblegum frequent victim ice queen kidnapping schemes appears sort feelings ice queen voiced ice queen gender swapped version ice king like male counterpart ice queen constantly kidnap mate frequent target prince lord gender swapped version lady speaks korean lord exclusively lord cake relationship production cake written story developed series creator entry directed genesis episode drawings character designer storyboard posted internet free time creations eventually producers theme originally sung series creator episode sugar intended cake huge celebration sic feeling fan allowing completely ridiculous heart sugar significantly changed story original outline version episode feature ice queen ball crystal sword second act story featured going date restaurant adventure sugar wrote lines male counter cut time sugar ward let work character story character appeared non speaking cameo sugar originally wanted character voiced later voiced fifth season episode bad little boy sugar choice play prince explained wanted impress brother steve obsessed music portrayed harris batman brave bold scene featured song designed sugar blend setting song new world film scenes featuring aliens mask reception cake aired september episode viewed million viewers saw dramatic increase ratings boy demographics marked percent increase viewers compared year earlier time cake highest rated entry series episode saw physical release cake dvd included episodes series seasons praised episode creativity complimented entry humor message girls furthermore applauded song calling wonderful austin chronicle noted episode adventure cross play felt characterization appealed managed retain respect audience strong emotionally vulnerable cake written way successfully provided female analog jake called cake fascinating aspects adventure time review fifth season episode bad little boy wrote cake reminiscent series earlier episodes regards bright animation paced plot music successful blend fantasy action comedy focus character based drama result felt entry composed elements series great separate article named entry representative episodes series wrote aggressively girl friendly episode series aired cake particularly successful fans series noted characters time appeared single episode quickly popular characters according fans series responded positively characters wanted appear episodes
|
Fionna and Cake
|
Media and drama
|
Television
|
Adventure Time
|
13845_WhatWasMissing
|
missing missing tenth episode season american animated television series adventure time episode written story series creator originally aired september series follows adventures finn voiced human boy best friend adoptive brother jake voiced dog magical powers change shape grow shrink episode finn jake princess bubblegum form band order defeat door lord recover creature stolen sugar noted episode appear friendship power telling truth exemplified episode songs episode composer played conventional instruments unique instruments like game boy loops heard episode episode watched million people caused major controversy suggestion intimate possibly romantic history bubblegum fact garnered praise episode oriented review sites plot jake decide finn time piece bubblegum hair acquired second season episode cut woman hair door lord suddenly lock jake blanket controller finn jake chase creature doors princess bubblegum appear victims door lord theft finally door lord jumps door group unable past realize sing song pass door group decides create band jake gets viola bass princess bubblegum decides play bit instrument finn beat boxes tensions band members sings song problem bubblegum estranged relationship opens door song based truth bubblegum begin arguing jake joins band finn dismayed friends behavior sings best friends world fact friends fighting bubblegum jake join able open door inside finn jake belongings group finds black rock shirt mistake revealed bubblegum gift given past finally group turn asking lost realise wanted spend time friends gets embarrassed chases finn jake bubblegum door lord production missing written story developed series creator entry directed missing sugar second episode dealing sugar later noted wanted right sugar later explained like episode friendship wanted honesty gets door open drops guard tells truth second sings song later likened theme episode quote time sing emotional level high speak anymore noting wanted try feeling original title episode door jam later changed according tries avoid pun based titles songs featured episode initially composed sugar released demo version problem official page father rob later released demos problem best friends world youtube problem actually song written episode sugar minute argued emotionally exhausted state informed songwriting song inspired incident sugar experienced roommate fought sugar desperately wanted friends despite particularly liking sugar transferred situation writing song having issues princess bubblegum wanted friend best friends world written sugar celebration friendship shared especially partner ward later admitted commentary track missing editing episode started cry songs featured episode emotion adventure time composer played instruments featured episode complement tones bass viola created percussion sounds loops princess bubblegum melodies pretty melodic accompany rigid robotic patterns loops structures reception missing aired september episode viewed million viewers scored nielsen rating year old demographic means seen percent households aged years old watching television time episodes airing tyler foster dvd talk called episode highlight dvd specifically praised song problem calling fan favorite significant moment decided fan enjoyed way episode alluded feelings princess bubblegum fact missing potential lesbian named episode additional installments series illustrates emotional complexity lies beneath controversy missing controversial allegedly implied past relationship princess bubblegum controversy largely began accompanying mathematical scenes video series produced implied lesbian relations writing staff actively seeks input fans incident addressed executive producer said trying audience involved got wrapped fan went little far soon video entire channel pulled youtube missing airs decision remove video proved controversial bitch magazine later wrote article episode handled female desire female desire subtle complex way removal studio perceived treatment controversy detrimental acceptance romance children television ward later addressed issue gave neutral view saying extreme positions taken internet want comment big august voice actress told crowd fans gathered barnes noble book signing adventure time encyclopedia according ward princess bubblegum dated past series airs areas homosexual relationships illegal able officially clear relationship series august day panel footage uploaded youtube liked things panels told followers stories seriously media release episode physically released cake dvd included episodes series second fourth seasons later released complete season dvd february addition limited edition vinyl record release included problem alongside songs sung
|
What Was Missing
|
Media and drama
|
Television
|
Adventure Time
|
14744_AdventureTime(season3)
|
adventure time season season american animated television series adventure time created originally aired united_states series based short produced animation series random cartoons season debuted july season finale aired february season follows adventures finn human boy best friend jake dog magical powers change shape grow shrink finn jake live post apocalyptic land way interact main characters princess bubblegum ice king episode season conquest watched million viewers marked increase viewers watching compared previous season debut season ended cliffhanger resolved start season season met largely positive critical reception addition episodes writers nominated awards episode thank nominated annie award award film festival young nominated storyboard artist nominated annie award season saw series grow progress featuring popular cake episodes marking time fan submitted content ward noted storyboard artists affected overall tone moving bizarre spiritual matters season written produced studios compilation dvds contained episodes season released season finished airing season set released february dvd blu ray development concept season follows adventures human boy best friend jake dog magical powers change shape grow shrink finn jake live post apocalyptic land way interact main characters princess bubblegum ice king common storylines revolve finn jake discovering strange creatures battling ice king battling monsters order help episodes deal finn attempting understand attraction bubblegum development crush production increasing success series november announced renewed series season episode titles released april nearing end second season based production numbers conquest episode underwent production episode aired april season nearing completion production staff shifted focus fourth season ninth episode entitled cake takes place gender bent version premise episode ice king created fan fiction main characters appear opposite gender instance human jake dog cake cat genesis episode drawings storyboard artist posted internet free time creations eventually producers theme originally sung series creator episode episode sequel fifth season focusing male counterpart voiced season ward cautioned fans legal reasons unable accept fan creations characters stories sixteenth episode jake features titular character drawn aged character showed mother ward decided include character solely character cute original drawing episode title card far appears fan created character ward allowed season episodes produced process similar previous seasons episodes episodes began simple page outline contained necessary plot information outlines handed storyboard artists expand rough outline storyboard episodes design coloring burbank california animation handled overseas south_korea rough draft korea season written ward referred writers season smart people responsible spiritual ideas series attributed background writers involved indie comics season produced studios cast voice actors include voice acting veterans portrays plays ice king voices princess bubblegum addition portrays voice portrays ward provides voice minor characters storyboard artist voices video game console jake girlfriend korean friend mother plays voice small elephant season introduce voiced larger role fourth fifth seasons finn new romantic interest adventure time cast records lines group recordings opposed different recording sessions voice actor record natural sounding dialogue characters described group recordings akin play reading play series regularly employs guest voices characters instance appears cute king conquest voices ash boyfriend young memory memory role young princess bubblegum makes debut episode young soon recurring character voices character appears grand master wizard episode gender bent episode cake voiced played appeared ice queen voiced appears voices character pig apple thief role episode voices character episode jake musical weird appears banana man episode new frontier character originally supposed voiced chosen unable voices eponymous character paper pete appears way voices ghost princess episode makes debut characters voiced little reception release ratings season debuted july episode conquest episode watched million viewers marked increase second season premiere viewed million viewers marked drastic increase second season finale watched million viewers conquest marked gains compared timeslot year prior growth kids boys aged ranged percent season hit high ninth episode cake watched million viewers episode time highest rated entry series season run season finale aired february ranked number telecast week boys aged television reviews accolades slate magazine award season stars review wrote series scores relatively high marks storytelling artwork music voice acting realization wrapped minute packages complimented felt scarcely appears trying hard attract attention note short form format leaves emotional substance desired noted inevitable series short episodes cake particularly successful fans series according episode aired fans series loved new interpretation cake ward revealed particularly pleased episode thank elaborated think awesome called adventure time finn jake forget finn jake little bit network let follow creature series nominated separate best animated special production thank best television production sugar series failed win episode young nominated primetime emmy award outstanding short format episode win episode thank purposely screened movie theatre qualify award short list final list nominees thank later running animated short film award film festival early win award home media released multiple dvds consisting region region formats came jake princess day created region markets containing episodes season complete season released dvd blu ray february march dvd release sold copies blu ray set sold copies dvd releases purchased individual episodes downloaded itunes_store episodes dvd release
|
Adventure Time (season 3)
|
Media and drama
|
Television
|
Adventure Time
|
15513_ItCamefromtheNightosphere
|
came came episode second season american animated television series adventure time episode written story originally aired october episode guest stars father reprise role series fourth seasons series follows adventures finn voiced human boy best friend adoptive brother jake voiced dog magical powers change shape grow shrink episode finn releases dad voiced sings song relationship estranged father finn aided emotionally enraged forced stop stealing souls came episode written sugar highly praised work series episode watched million people received largely positive critical attention addition episode nominated primetime emmy award outstanding short format episode win plot finn agrees help record musical compositions begins sing song song rift father finn feeling sorry decides summon father failing realize father domain dark leader souls finn attempts kill finn successfully steals axe bass finn chase father moves consuming souls living creatures find finn try crush rock resulting skirmish father daughter merely assumes trying kill merely wants bass guitar finn attempt time stop grown huge size finn easily defeated infuriated father lack understanding storms finn ditch effort save day plays recording song suddenly father understands upset finn uses beat opportunity cut souls free soul sack production came written story episode episode sugar according monster stuff end meat middle later joked actually witty adam usually responsible sex jokes violence process sugar running low time asked fellow series artist help storyboard initial fight father final scene featured finn cutting open soul sack added sugar based drawing ward featured finn flying air swords sure scene final product graphic nature scene features dad confronting inspired writers pen fourth season episode reign song features song written ward sugar song written series popular fanbase sugar original version inspired broadway theatre ward helped sugar add jokes final version network pitch episode ward sugar played performed song sugar later called experience super terrifying network green light episode episode episode season produced chosen aired network announced start season episode finished personal website executive producer noted prefer series stock episodes jumping season ain network felt episode frightening warned potential suitable younger children father voices provides voice demonic father year series cast ward approached asked wanted voice character arguing actor writer instead ward insisted eventually relented later joked heaven recording dialogue episode featured fighting death daughter later noted opportunity voice act father pretty cool cameo season episode memory memory featured major role fourth season episode return daddy little monster design monster form caused issues series standards practices department initial designs deemed like network redesign character second submission network felt looked like ward later said like happening monster crazy weird face came reveal characters merely referring dad revealed fourth season episode according inspired brother given family car growing later band recorded song reception came aired october episode viewed million viewers scored nielsen rating percent means seen percent households percent households watching television time episode airing marked decline season premiere viewed million viewers marked increase season finale watched million viewers came marked gains compared timeslot year prior instance kids aged watched episode increase percent compared previous year came highly praised critics called pretty decent example notes hit particularly pleased way rift dad handled nice seriousness fits right alongside absurd gags noted episode includes song plus book called real highlight eponymous dvd release ign writer later referred episode classic separate review later wrote episode come represent best sic angst anti daddy song launched thousand writers spin ranked song fourth best original song performed fictional characters medium called subject matter deep place emotion mature eccentric ward happy episode complimented storyboard artists sugar saying hilarious set kind style comedy amazing executing super romantic emotional kind feelings particularly pleased ending noting love feeling climactic scene music rising episode talking rising action end cuts says drama bomb middle sort like cut legs think lot fun episode later nominated primetime emmy award outstanding short format win media release episode saw physical release eponymous came dvd included episodes series seasons later released complete second season dvd june addition limited edition vinyl record release included song alongside songs sung
|
It Came from the Nightosphere
|
Media and drama
|
Television
|
Adventure Time
|
17520_AdventureTime(season2)
|
adventure time season second season american animated television series adventure time created originally aired united_states series based short produced animation series random cartoons season debuted october season finale aired season follows adventures finn human boy best friend jake dog magical powers change shape grow shrink finn jake live post apocalyptic land way interact main characters princess bubblegum ice king episode season came watched million viewers marked decrease viewers watching compared previous season debut marked increase compared previous season finale season ended episode heat signature viewed million viewers marked increase season finale season originally supposed end cliffhanger mortal mortal scheduling error heat signature episode air season nominated annie award episode came nominated primetime emmy award outstanding short format series episode won success second season quickly ordered beginning series debuted production constraints came aired barely finished season written produced studios compilation dvds contained episodes season released season finished airing season set released june dvd blu ray development concept season follows adventures human boy best friend jake dog magical powers change shape grow shrink finn jake live post apocalyptic land way interact main characters princess bubblegum ice king common storylines revolve finn jake discovering strange creatures battling ice king battling monsters order help episodes deal finn attempting understand attraction bubblegum production adventure time debuted april party panic trouble space series quickly renewed second season minute segments august writing second season finished production staff started receive bits animation overseas animation staff episode enter production loyalty king based production code later temporarily shelved aired season episode episode produced came instead chosen open season network announced start season episode finished official site contributor noted prefer series stock episodes jumping season ain network episode episode network pitch episode ward sugar played performed song sugar later called experience super terrifying network green light episode season episodes produced process similar season episodes episodes began simple page outline contained necessary plot information outlines handed storyboard artists expand rough outline storyboard episodes design coloring burbank california animation handled overseas south_korea rough draft korea animation series rendered hand drawing frame case instance sixteenth episode guardians sunshine featured roughly minutes animation emulated style bit video games segments series asked animator assistance single modeled rigged animated sequence creator brought work season supervising producer outline writer entered hiatus left shortly wrapped production order concentrate projects season written sugar finished job working series subsequently taken job storyboard artist regular scheduling delays free work episodes adventure time blood skin slow love freelance storyboard artist season produced studios season feature creative director time capacity credited story writing team premiere season level contribution limited seasons cast voice actors include voice acting veterans portrays plays ice king voices princess bubblegum addition portrays voice portrays ward provides voice minor characters storyboard artist voices video game console jake girlfriend korean friend mother plays voice small elephant season introduce series principal antagonist episode mortal portrayed adventure time cast records lines group recordings opposed different recording sessions voice actor record natural sounding dialogue characters described group recordings akin play reading play series regularly employs guest voices characters instance episode came real life father appears father appears sir episode blood skin entry storytelling voiced guest starred installment slow love appeared power animal lent voice episode voiced tree witch cut woman hair voice doctor princess chamber frozen blades appeared parents episode parents silent king featured voice portrayed chief staff finally appeared death episode death bloom reprise role fourth season episode sons mars voiced titular character episode belly beast voiced character party pat appeared ghost friends heat signature mortal featured young princess bubblegum acres reprise role season episode young characters voiced reception release ratings season debuted october episode came episode watched million viewers marked decline season premiere viewed million viewers marked increase season finale watched million viewers came marked gains compared timeslot year prior instance kids aged watched episode increase percent compared previous year season hit high episode loyalty king watched million viewers season ended heat signature viewed million viewers season originally supposed end mortal mortal scheduling conflict heat signature episode season aired reviews accolades season episode came largely received critics called pretty decent example notes hit particularly pleased way rift dad handled nice seriousness fits right alongside absurd gags noted episode includes song plus book called real highlight eponymous dvd release ign writer later referred episode classic episode later nominated primetime emmy award outstanding short format win series candidate best worst list compiled series best animated category named series shows television argued second season shining best decisions praised spirit series noting reminiscent charm cartoon held concluded goofy colorful fun able smile face tyler foster dvd talk wrote season release highly recommended praised season able expand set season specifically praised power animal death bloom crystals power parents best episodes set foster slightly critical visual presentation noting present felt commentaries added bonus nominated annie award best animated television production children series win episode came nominated primetime emmy award outstanding short format episode win home media released multiple dvds consisting region region formats favorite people came jake princess day created region markets containing episodes second season season set released june dvd blu ray dvd releases purchased individual episodes downloaded itunes_store march second season available instant watch service online streaming episodes dvd release
|
Adventure Time (season 2)
|
Media and drama
|
Television
|
Adventure Time
|
19281_AdventureTime(season1)
|
adventure time season season american animated television series adventure time created originally aired united_states series based short produced animation series random cartoons season follows adventures finn human boy best friend jake dog magical powers change shape grow shrink finn jake live post apocalyptic land way interact main characters princess bubblegum ice king episode season party panic watched million viewers marked dramatic increase viewers watching compared previous year season ended finale gut september soon airing began receive critical acclaim large fan following adventure time episode favorite people nominated primetime emmy award outstanding short format series win original short viral hit internet picked length series previewed march officially premiered april season written produced studios compilation dvds contained episodes season released season finished airing july season released region dvd blu ray edition released june development concept creation season follows adventures human boy best friend jake dog magical powers change shape grow shrink finn jake live post apocalyptic land way interact main characters princess bubblegum ice king common storylines revolve finn jake discovering strange creatures rescuing battling monsters order help episodes deal finn attempting understand attraction bubblegum according series creator style influenced time attending experiences working writer storyboard artist interview ward said combine series subversive humor beautiful moments film inspiration ward named influences largely shows feature dialogue feels natural ward described dark comedy said dark comedies favorite love feeling happy scared time favorite way feel edge seat happy sense conflicting emotions lot think executive producer compared animation style cat cartoons said world equally inspired video games ward intends world certain physical logic instead magic exists story writers try create internal consistency characters interact world set post apocalyptic setting according ward original intention land simply magical business time aired containing bodies business men surface lake suddenly post apocalyptic ward noted production crew ran ward later described setting surface dark underneath production began single stand animated short ran seven minutes aired january december release short video viral hit internet studios pitched adventure time series network passed twice studio approached said willing produce series ward prove short expanded series maintaining elements original pilot chief content officer influential getting network chance recognized series felt indie comic book new ward quickly concept pilot wanted potential series fully realized characterized pre school vibe original film ward college friends helped produce rough storyboard featured finn princess bubblegum going supper date happy story asked ward created storyboard episode attempt emulate style original short approved season september episode enter production cartoons based script pitches network executives allowed build teams communication use chief content officer explained network allowed company dealing artists primarily visual people writers artists learn grow actually work ward soon assembled team series largely composed younger inexperienced people found internet worrying status inexperience production members hired veteran animators worked help guide ward team served executive producer season adventure time served head story editors second seasons series long serving art director creator hired supervising producer providing guidance series seasons addition episodes created season commissioned produced include episodes brothers written revisions written helmet outline ward brothers pitched network later scrapped according vice president casualty jumping production having development time helmet despite initially assigned production number eventually taken episode freak city storyboard stage pieces background art episode designed brothers outline helmet later released official page furthermore episode given production number despite episodes ordered original sixth episode scrapped production took place given different code sources like production number gave number season episodes began simple page outline contained necessary plot information outlines handed storyboard artists expand rough outline storyboard episodes design coloring burbank california animation handled overseas south_korea rough draft korea season written ward later create popular series regular wrote boarded episode ocean fear asking ward wanted freelance help ward previously worked cast voice actors include voice acting veterans portrays plays ice king voices princess bubblegum addition portrays voice portrays ward provides voice minor characters storyboard artist voices video game console jake girlfriend korean friend mother plays voice small elephant adventure time cast records lines group recordings opposed different recording sessions voice actor record natural sounding dialogue characters described group recordings akin play reading play series regularly employs guest voices characters instance episode fred lend voices beings heart guy actor voices titular villain business time features business men portrays episode evicted memories boom boom mountain voices talking mountain appears pie throwing robot episode life reappears episode ocean fear features opening closing narration courtesy portrays ice king bride episode wedding bells portrays episode freak city brown reappears episode dungeon demon cat portrays titular character episode finally plays billy hero characters voiced reception release ratings episodes business time evicted previewed official series launch date march respectively series officially premiered april debuted episodes party panic trouble space episode watched million viewers episode ratings smash according press release sent episode timeslot saw triple digit percentage increases time period previous year instance entry viewed million kids aged marked percent increase previous year furthermore watched kids aged saw percent increase watched episode season season finale gut watched million viewers originally episodes bundled minute means minute segments combined starting eleventh episode wizard episodes dropped minute segment reviews accolades season received largely positive reviews critics television critic article said strikes kind companion piece network currently airing takes place land strange somewhat disturbing characters center young male person person like thing making way world help unusual reliable went unlike earlier boy imaginary friend darker stranger connected world know lloyd compared sort cartoons cartoons young delighted bringing things life release dvd season received positive critical attention reviewers initially expressed set initially released blu ray edition wired wrote positively set applauded release bonus features ign awarded set denoting good release called rare treat critical release packaging noting episodes discs leaving little room transfers breathe video compression left desired tyler foster dvd talk highly recommended set wrote series imagination sweetness ridiculous sense humor foster particularly pleased characters citing highlights season furthermore wrote worst episode season hard pressed pick beautifully designed packs killer gags episode favorite people nominated primetime emmy award outstanding short format episode win home media released multiple dvds consisting region region formats favorite people came jake frost fire created region markets containing episodes season july released complete season dvd containing episodes season region july set sold copies blu ray edition released june dvd releases purchased individual episodes downloaded itunes_store march season available instant watch service online streaming episodes dvd release
|
Adventure Time (season 1)
|
Media and drama
|
Television
|
Adventure Time
|
19546_FiveShortGraybles
|
short short second episode fourth season american animated television series adventure time episode written story originally aired april episode guest stars series follows adventures finn voiced human boy best friend adoptive brother jake voiced dog magical powers change shape grow shrink episode series short stories concerning voiced finn jake princess bubblegum voiced ice king voiced voiced centered common theme senses hosted mysterious man named future episode premise conceived ward forced cut scene involving high previous script ward enjoyed scene decided write entire episode based high originally planned live action footage ward appear episode introducing clip later scrapped favor character short episodes programming helped network number television destination boys aged monday nights according nielsen ratings applauded elements able include minute episode plot episode begins futuristic character named voiced announcing audience watching short unified theme challenges audience guess theme short focuses voiced talks mirror pretending talking character called football insists real living boy attempts demonstrate football teeth toilet unbeknownst finn jake watching activity outside window focus shifts finn jake attempt experience ultimate high eventually finn places catapult jake stretches launch focuses princess bubblegum voiced tries create perfect sandwich bizarre science exhausting going extreme ridiculous lengths produce combine ingredients perfectly offers sandwich voiced merely body princess action shifts ice king voiced ice castle mistakenly assuming smell caused ice king realizes actually source smell taking shower aloud got proceeds underneath arms final focuses voiced attempts win talent singing song entitled perform group candy citizens steal song enraged throws basketball audience hits audience member accidentally makes basket process action voiced names winner finn jake mid air producing high duo named winner princess episode comes close revealing theme senses mirror finn jake touched hands princess bubblegum sandwich ice king foul princess heard music production short written story developed series creator episode directed episode page worked series excited working series finished storyboard traveled hawaii personal reward episode trace genesis short humorous scene involving high ward forced cut episode ward unhappy edit later jokingly said twitter episode entirely high ward idea high overarching plot point short scenes scenes later noted sections united fact featured characters little bit mean originally planned live action footage ward appear episode introduced clip serving framing device idea eventually vetoed came idea replace ward futuristic man named idea dialogue sound like speaking dialect thousand years future according word supposed distortion word episode guest stars later reprise role fifth season episodes short short sixth season episode voice recording takes different series creative directors piece disparate recordings final composition episode contains short song sung princess ward difficult time singing song trying sing song pitch retain accent reception short aired april episodes programming episodes helped network number television destination boys aged monday nights according nielsen ratings episode saw physical release eponymous dvd jake included episodes series seasons later released complete fourth season dvd october awarded episode describing weird bizarre wrote unbelievable activity episode happens minutes goes material packed episode series noted revealing uniting theme reminder adults audience making laugh hard targeted kids grade school
|
Five Short Graybles
|
Media and drama
|
Television
|
Adventure Time
|
20101_BeMore(AdventureTime)
|
adventure time eighth episode fifth season american animated television series adventure time written story originally aired july episode guest stars series follows adventures finn voiced human boy best friend adoptive brother jake voiced dog magical powers change shape grow shrink episode finn jake computer game accidentally core system driver forcing finn jake disguise order infiltrate factory fix pursued security guard voiced finn jake eventually run voiced ancient human creator explains backstory originally intended produced series season later moved series fifth season time changed substantially viewed million viewers received rating adults ages episode received largely positive critical reviews backstory potential narrative expansions episode later nominated primetime emmy award short format animation primetime emmy awards lost episode sole plot files accidentally core system drivers finn jake decide accompany drivers installed finn jake memory erased duo disguise robots successfully sneak past voiced infiltrate facility inside find factory derelict abandoned security voiced soon catch finn jake scheme chase evade security sneak lounge learns location core system driver installation deck chase finn jake reach heart facility meet voiced ancient human creator explains backstory revealing created care fun son children released wild find family updates drivers introduces family production written story art direction handled supervising direction helmed episode originally intended produced series season reason sugar left series earlier episode simon credited having written episode story entry pushed finalized fifth season according supervising producer time episode developed fifth season substantially changed character designed based actor original ending featured telling finn jake leave use bathroom noted vetoed plays previously invited ward twitter voice character voices episode guest stars security guard previously voiced unrelated character fourth season episode point reception aired july watched million viewers received rating demographic nielsen household rating nielsen ratings audience measurement systems determine audience size composition television programming united_states means episode seen percent year olds time broadcast installment 31st watched cable program demographic night aired episode saw commercial release dvd included episodes series awarded episode applauded exploration opening new narrative opportunities introduction furthermore complimented voice acting noting actors hired speaking voices immediately distinct natural personality helps flesh bit roles memorable furthermore wrote entry climax featuring explaining built understand fun interesting insight philosophy series mentality fun play state reaches day finn jake episode later nominated primetime emmy award short format animation primetime emmy awards lost episode sole
|
Be More (Adventure Time)
|
Media and drama
|
Television
|
Adventure Time
|
21320_IRememberYou(AdventureTime)
|
remember adventure time remember fifth penultimate episode fourth season american animated television series adventure time episode written story originally aired october episode later aired march fifth season episode simon advertised half hour special series follows adventures finn voiced human boy best friend adoptive brother jake voiced dog magical powers change shape grow shrink episode voiced ice king voiced write song tries ice king remember episode reveals ice king knew aftermath mushroom war event occurred thousand years previous titled help remember helped expand explore ice king previous life episode features songs song bubblegum nuts remember written sugar wrote lyrics bubblegum sugar demo eponymous song playing ended episode remember watched million people received universal critical acclaim critics praising story depth exploration mental disorders memory loss plot background context series thousand year old vampire ice king recurring antagonist series frequently steals odds finn jake generally threat human archaeologist named discovered magic crown gives magical ice powers eroded memory insane addition series character events hint mysterious mushroom war war destroyed modern human society events ice king decides wants enlist help writing song taking pages randomly torn old later inspiration flies cave minor involves finn jake finally helps write song ice king simply sings song wrote breaking crying loneliness damaging living room ice magic tells stop acting crazy pushes retreating begins lament song nuts notes despite instability glad ice king surprised find likes asks feelings tries kiss angrily confronts asks remembers past calling actual simon ice king oblivious self begins looking ice king pages evidence life pages picture young message thousand years ago message written simon mind completely consumed magic crown asks forgive crown influence ice king fails understand context believes written note apology lyrics attempts add music song overcome emotion cries begins singing ice king plays drums oblivious actually going eponymous song remember sung episode flashes thousand years events episode young seen crying wreckage city presumably mushroom war sees distance runs attempt comfort gives bear finds ruins toy store takes stuffed animal stops crying looks happiness production remember story episode directed idea create episode based shared history ice king ward idea sugar pushing ice king musical episode sugar responsible designing look episode according shirt wears loosely based stretched old shirt original working title episode help storyboard artist creative director series joked change famous beatles song episode features new songs bubblegum nuts titular remember sugar composed music wrote lyrics wrote lyrics bubblegum sugar recorded demos songs father released new demos official youtube account demo remember sugar recorded vocals separate track playing sugar playing eventually worked directly episode according rob key notes accidents running power took lot tries happen cue sugar pitching song played songs started lose power sugar crew realized sound losing power fit mood episode eponymous song sugar noted amazing work songs episode chemistry booth wrote constructed episode justice noted despite sad themes featured installment recording dialogue kenny music episode fun experience recording sing kenny melodies kenny lines voice ice king addition new songs episode features modified version song originally appeared second season episode came recording aforementioned episode recorded version song fun later included season episode holly secrets version later inspired ice king alternate version remember reception remember aired october viewed million people received rating demographic means seen percent year olds time broadcast episode later aired march fifth season episode simon advertised half hour special special watched million viewers episode received glowing critical reception called episode intense things seen ages specifically cited final flashback noteworthy noting final scene ice king weird duet lose shit keeps head rare television gets hooks brain like especially kid cartoon concluded main reason ending powerful showed viewers immediate aftermath mushroom war allowed viewers way personal loss mirrors wider loss end entire world following war wrote adventure time episode triggered like remember called touching stories series told praised way took ice king called tragic characters way hits like felt episode served way tell heartbreaking story mental illness tear people apart noting ice king condition similar people disorder behave article explaining adventure time best sci right following airing simon wrote remember finest entry series history complimented titular song describing heartbreaking stopping popmatters applauded way episode focuses popular supporting characters relation memory identity furthermore site noted sound takes surprise crying novelist interview npr praised backstory exploration condition noting origin psychologically plausible praised way series able tackle issues mental illness saying affecting dad going having forgotten look think cartoon father dying media release episode saw physical release jake dad dvd included episodes series fourth fifth seasons later released complete fourth season dvd october addition limited edition vinyl record release included nuts remember alongside songs sung
|
I Remember You (Adventure Time)
|
Media and drama
|
Television
|
Adventure Time
|
22253_DeathinBloom
|
death bloom death bloom seventeenth episode second season american animated television series adventure time episode written story series creator originally aired february episode guest stars death later reprise role fourth season episode sons mars series follows adventures finn voiced human boy best friend adoptive brother jake voiced dog magical powers change shape grow shrink episode finn jake trip killing princess bubblegum voiced plant instructed care jake memory wiped finn loses musical duel death voiced nearly killed lucky coincidence causes death spare originally episode supposed revolve duo trying plant princess bubblegum turn man addition episode originally supposed feature mysterious rabbit guided finn jake underworld character later cut episode watched million people received largely positive critical attention critics applauded voice acting work ign singled episode example comedic adventure time plot spending time finn jake princess bubblegum realizes needs leave science convention guarding princess plant departs finn jake party hard plant killing decide way journey reclaim flower soul death unspecified price voiced teaches underworld instructs finn jake tell death said hello land death finn jake nearly eaten conscious skeletons flesh monsters jake jumps loses memory finn jake way death castle inside death reveals return flower soul finn beat musical showdown finn choose play bells death plays drums sings death metal jake judge memory loss rules death wins finn jake lost contest death decides kill dies finn tells death says hello death revealed acquaintance suddenly tells want death returns princess plant soul jake memory finn jake bubblegum returns eat plant causing hair change asks payment wants finn jake flesh horror production death bloom written story series creator episode directed ward fellow series storyboard artist helped clean story scene finn jake hide skeletons jake alert presence supposed ward extremely tired offered ward earned storyboard scene instead episode features extremely long pan showing land dead noted wanted like pages pages felt right later said wanted blow kids minds shot original pan redesigned background designer james backgrounds episode background according best impression later noted matching drawing style pretty tricky looks simple actually sophisticated nuanced scene teaches finn jake enter land dead crossing eyes staring corner inspired story father told younger according artist father told concentrate hard walk dimension recalled story episode worked episode climax featuring death finn engaging musical competition specifically written according ward scenes featuring contests avoided easiest traps fall writing outline death bloom writing staff realized contest work story strengths original drafts episode finn jake guided land dead mysterious rabbit continually felt rabbit episode came time revise story rabbit inevitably cut agreed writers series staff character fit story rabbit role later partially replaced ominous talking skull tries jake drink according storyboard artist rough draft original ending featured princess bubblegum man princess plant later noted writers little reckless pitched ward joked step quality control prevent idea making final episode death voiced later reprise role fourth season episode sons mars death look designed admitted sort intimidated iconic character stay away settling final design tried japanese cosmic alien thing holy mountain inspired design later changed head horse skull design character finalized series lead character designer time reception death bloom aired october episode viewed million viewers scored nielsen rating percent means seen percent households percent households watching television time episode airing episode saw physical release cake dvd included episodes series seasons later released complete second season dvd june tyler foster dvd talk wrote highly episode highlighted stand second season applauded way series idea underworld noting presentation hilarious addition complimentary performance death review cake dvd foster referred actor work hilarious episode review second season wrote death isn perfect word pitch genius don know ign cited episode season highlight writing episode best finn death metal death noted episode important series second season entries marks effect series specifically cited scene demands finn jake flesh payment
|
Death in Bloom
|
Media and drama
|
Television
|
Adventure Time
|
22561_AdventureTime(season6)
|
adventure time season sixth season american animated television series adventure time created began airing united_states following series fifth season series based short produced animation series random cartoons season debuted april finished june season follows adventures finn human boy best friend adoptive brother jake dog magical powers allow finn jake live post apocalyptic land way interact main characters princess bubblegum ice king season written season featured guest animators episodes food chain water park prank respectively season feature storyboard artists took directing job mini series long live adventure time background designer season premiered episodes wake escape citadel viewed million viewers marked significant increase ratings previous season finale season concluded finale hot doom viewed million viewers season met largely positive critical reception episode food chain nominated international animated film festival award episode jake brick won primetime emmy award short format animation primetime emmy awards won emmy work rain furthermore diary rain nominated won award season produced studios addition compilation dvds contain episodes season released development concept season follows adventures human boy best friend jake dog magical powers change shape grow shrink finn jake live post apocalyptic land way interact main characters princess bubblegum ice king common storylines revolve finn jake discovering strange creatures dealing antagonistic misunderstood ice king battling monsters order help season main story arc deals finn discovering true identity human father subsequent attempts production january middle fifth season officially announced renewed sixth season july storyboard artist revealed production sixth season begun season episodes produced process similar previous seasons episodes episodes began simple page outline contained necessary plot information outlines handed storyboard artists expand rough outline storyboard episodes design coloring burbank california animation handled overseas south_korea rough draft korea animation studios episodes written animated entirely guest animators food chain helmed noted japanese animator entirely animated studio second water park prank directed season written prince wanted marked return fourth seasons series left season mandatory military service native south_korea returned season left series conclusion fourth season focus attention seoul south_korea returned work prince wanted gig subsequently took job working garden wall sixth season marked final season worked storyboard artists revealed season finished burnt return background designer seventh season hand left series supervising director season adventure time feature series art director originally brought start season behest served sole art director half seasons following sixth season left work reboot replaced known previously series background paint supervisor lee credited art directors starting thirty episode cast voice actors include voice acting veterans portrays plays ice king voices princess bubblegum addition portrays voice portrays ward provides voice minor characters including storyboard artist voices video game console english jake girlfriend korean friend mother plays voice small elephant voices finn romantic interest episodes feature series principal antagonist portrayed demonic form large baby events season premiere finn father martin introduced escape citadel voiced adventure time cast records lines group recordings opposed different recording sessions voice actor record natural sounding dialogue characters described group recordings akin play reading play addition regular cast members episodes feature guest voices ranges including actors musicians artists season wake escape citadel feature return cosmic owl death heads return episodes kenny reprise role plane features reprising role james columnist voice cloud woman sad face features reprising role bug return furniture meat role doctor princess episode breezy features vocal talents titular character voice little brother super spokesperson dark purple regular writer voice actor voices erin food chain prince wanted features cake voices gender switched version prolific voice actor voices sun big actress role big sees return colonel reprise role season episodes plays rat king little brother supervising producer writer series second season appears aforementioned episode playing kent reprise roles respectively episode sees introduction viola respectively series storyboard artist return thanks playing roles respectively returns voice breakfast princess princess day rainn_wilson role nemesis voices new character peace master voices mayor jake appears episode playing father role guest stars queen ants plays role king gold stars season finale hot doom voices character cooler guest stars respectively gold stars sees introduction toronto character appear hot doom mountain features prolific voice actor matthew returns dark purple diary voices voices younger version plays guy rain sees introduction bear seven voiced episode features actor appeared season episode voicing crying mountain lending voice guest stars lamp newton later voicing alien emperor voices demon voices episode guest stars comprise comedy band previously appeared season episode party playing island lady previously appeared season episode heat signature playing ghost friends role episode episode features musician sister voices dream manifestation returns forgot reprising role betty appears voicing role guest star alien elders catalyst voiced minor background characters voiced reception ratings season debuted april episode wake escape citadel episodes viewed million viewers scored nielsen rating year old demographic nielsen ratings audience measurement systems determine audience size composition television programming united_states means episodes seen percent households aged years old watching television time episode airing marked slight decrease viewers compared previous season premiere finn human jake dog seen million viewers marked massive increase million viewers compared previous season finale billy bucket list premiere watched telecast time airing children aged boys marked percent increase overall demographic ratings compared time previous year season hit seventeenth episode ghost fly seen million viewers scored percent adult nielsen rating meaning seen percent year olds watching television time episode airing season concluded episode hot doom seen million viewers episodes scored percent adult nielsen rating half seasons aired monday nights starting breezy began air different days following breezy episodes aired season seventeenth episode ghost fly aired tuesday night halloween special following months new episodes installments jake aired november respectively likewise final episodes season aired week june season finale airing june addition episodes aired internationally prior domestic debut broadcast november brazil plane uploaded brazilian website december visitor aired february south_korea friends forever aired latin_america april april respectively reviews accolades season received largely positive critical reviews applauded season opener wake escape citadel taking darker turn regards series storytelling furthermore noted storyline concerning finn cursed sword arm ingredient weeks reaches new state likewise complimented episodes harsh concerning finn father vulnerability body ultimately concluded developments episodes dramatically alter series status quo season added boost momentum beginning episode graded different letter grade season received grade entries grade installments seventeen grade episodes named series 27th best television series noting ongoing sixth season ventured dangerous emotional territory coupled deep history increasing visual confidence episodes like surreal breathtaking adventure time appears ready use considerable years laying narrative foundations finest storytelling past accepting responsibilities adulthood site selected food chain breezy stand episodes later named season finale best episodes nominated outstanding achievement directing animated broadcast production annie award work food chain food chain later selected competition international animated film festival april announced series won award best children programming primetime emmy awards episode jake brick won primetime emmy award short format animation won outstanding individual achievement animation emmy work rain annie awards writing staff diary nominated outstanding achievement writing animated broadcast production award nominated outstanding achievement animated broadcast production award home media released dvd compilations contained episodes sixth season entitled princess day released july release notable marked time episode case eponymous princess day released dvd officially aired dvd compilations including card wars released contained episodes sixth season dvd releases purchased individual episodes downloaded itunes_store episodes
|
Adventure Time (season 6)
|
Media and drama
|
Television
|
Adventure Time
|
24509_Furniture&Meat
|
furniture meat furniture meat eighth episode sixth season american animated television series adventure time episode written story series follows adventures finn voiced human boy best friend adopted brother jake voiced dog magical powers change shape grow shrink episode voiced concerned finn jake gold threatening structural integrity talks finn spending money episode viewed million viewers ranked 52nd watched cable day airing reviews complimented humor tone episode animation appreciated return ancient psychic tandem war elephant plot outside tree house finn jake play spoof break open finn jake treasure room pouring massive gold yard talks finn spending money expensive resort arrive town square jake treasure city fountain guard bribe shillings crown freeing law chaos follows shortly jake uses wealth control residents authority orders finn jake arrested money seized melted punishment covered gold arrive time save production furniture meat written adapted story series creator like episodes season episode produced approximately months crafted page outline sent course weeks main teams series final storyboard drafted december stamped production code storyboard sent final feedback network final notes network approved weeks later broadcast reception furniture meat aired united_states june episode watched million viewers receiving nielsen rating adults year old demographic 52nd watched television episode date airing according numbers animation called pretty solid albeit lacking relation season story arc additional section hoped war elephant meaningful return questioning episode commented return finn arm breezy gave referring throwback early episodes specific lessons taught dealing serial elements surrounding episodes wrote substantial recent installments entertaining online entertainment_weekly praised use ward best subversive humor calling great shot look main duo print publication summarized early start saving kids home video episode saw physical release finn human dvd set november containing episodes seasons considered great episodes included release
|
Furniture & Meat
|
Media and drama
|
Television
|
Adventure Time
|
24730_Simon&Marcy
|
simon fourteenth episode fifth season american animated television series adventure time episode written story originally aired march fourth season episode remember advertised half hour special series follows adventures finn voiced human boy best friend adoptive brother jake voiced dog magical powers change shape grow shrink episode voiced reveals years prior events series ice king voiced human named post apocalyptic land mushroom war simon episode feature sugar storyboard artist left completing episode order create series episode received critical acclaim praised balance humor emotions exploration character episode viewed million viewers received rating adults ages episode later nominated primetime emmy award short format animation primetime emmy awards lost episode plot background context series thousand year old vampire ice king recurring antagonist series frequently kidnaps odds finn jake generally threat fourth season episode remember revealed ice king originally met following events mysterious mushroom war war destroyed modern human society events playing basketball house finn jake surprised learn invited ice king play reveals known ice king human man named years episode episode flashes years following destruction civilization mysterious mushroom war simon simon called outskirts destroyed unidentified city hearing woods simon forced mysterious ice crown crown gives ice related magic powers drains power crown simon making deer eventually manages snap simon bout later night simon sings theme song sitcom cheers cheer laughing begins simon realizes need medicine way ruins city looking chicken soup order cure illness inside ruins simon run sort creature simon manages knock crown flee eventually discover believe food cart hopeful simon approaches realize vehicle actually mobile delivery service frustrated simon kicks doors creatures inside vehicle simon scared hoping protect pushes vehicle bridge resulting sound simon run alley trapped resort simon places abandoned car puts crown head order maintain sings theme cheers blast ice stops tracks simon able eventually snap insanity mysterious mass bubblegum presumably princess bubblegum ancestors subsequently gives chicken soup tells simon loves simon saying loves calls present concludes tale shocked finn jake oblivious ice king notes simon lived happily finn jake watch ice king unable remember self production simon story episode directed credited supervising director handled art direction episode adventure time feature sugar storyboard artist left series episode order focus attention series sugar explained working time simon realized workload step adventure time order focus according sugar contributed additional scenes episode wrote official lot noted working series pitching special episode features voice portrays young version acres previously appeared season episode memory memory mentioned episode makes notable use song everybody knows better known theme sitcom cheers according sugar father rob official youtube channel use song started merely episode developed sugar decided episode notable required purchase rights use original later revealed according new arrivals theme sitcom running reception simon aired march fourth season episode remember advertised half hour special episode watched million viewers received rating demographic means seen percent year olds time broadcast episode 37th watched cable program demographic night aired episode saw physical release jake dad dvd included episodes series fourth fifth seasons simon critically acclaimed awarded episode wrote episode finding home world completely devastated particularly pleased manner episode balanced ideas comedy writing episode super heavy laughs humorous moments like simon pushing bridge helped mood dark episode site later named episode additional installments series illustrates emotional complexity lies beneath staff wrote sort amazing transformed ice king irritating antagonist tragic figures television furthermore felt episode successfully balanced excitement comedy use cheers theme song incredibly poignant episode aired published article explaining adventure time best right praised way episode world kinds fascinating ways furthermore compared book road specifically citing similarities creatures episode people ultimately concluded series willingness themes episode sticking unique combination haunting beauty routinely transforms genre experiment wrote episode pushed ice king history pits heart twisted ultimately concluded episode touching notch adventure time realm novelist interview npr praised backstory exploration condition noting origin psychologically plausible praised way series able tackle issues mental illness saying affecting dad going having forgotten look think cartoon father dying episode later nominated primetime emmy award short format animation primetime emmy awards lost episode
|
Simon & Marcy
|
Media and drama
|
Television
|
Adventure Time
|
26719_Walnuts&Rain
|
rain rain thirty episode sixth season american animated television series adventure time episode written outline episode debuted march guest stars bear named seven king huge series follows adventures finn voiced human boy best friend adoptive brother jake voiced dog magical powers change shape grow shrink episode finn jake different holes meet different finn guest unstable king huge voiced jones insists finn remain clock jake meets seven voiced bear makeshift air falling hole years eventually turns hole jake seven falling chimney kitchen finn held captive jake eventually able save finn rain marked time solo episode season episode thank episode seen million viewers received mixed reviews critics enjoyed episode somewhat critically compared episodes second seasons work episode won primetime emmy award outstanding individual achievement animation series win category work episode later nominated annie award outstanding achievement plot wandering woods finn jake fall separate holes finn lands greeted sovereign king finn food asks stay watch clock soon apparent insane demands finn remain watch time clock hour jake lands barge bear named seven according seven barge falling years warns jake try escape die eventually finn knocks king clock wall crashes kingdom huge knocking pot water water puts fire causes warm going chimney cease actually holding seven barge time barge comes crashing kingdom jake uses stretching powers save finn finn jake seven escape production rain written outline head adventure time writer series creator showrunner served episode supervising director art direction helmed episode marks solo storyboard season thank near season storyboard partner episode ideas wanted work decided temporarily dissolve partnership work episodes individually create working outline rain months finally later describe episode escape story similar season episodes dungeon train episode guest stars musician seven king huge jones previously appeared season episode voicing crying mountain reception rain aired march episode viewed million viewers scored nielsen rating year old demographic nielsen ratings audience measurement systems determine audience size composition television programming united_states means episode seen percent households aged years old watching television time episode airing critical reception episode largely mixed awarded episode called disappointing despite noting totally episode adventure time argued episode felt like episode second seasons installments lacking depth bit uneven board noted tonight episode kids simple easy follow doesn contain unsettling imagery prevents especially memorable ultimately felt returned finn jake proved expansion universe best thing happened website hand reacted positively episode felt king huge seven representative mindset according stuck ways unwilling change notes differ substantially argues slaves feeding richest foods comfortable dealing outsiders expresses seven hand lives poverty welcoming strangers end seven escapes episode unscathed according moral episode bright situation situation pushes work episode won primetime emmy award outstanding individual achievement animation making series win category later nominated annie award outstanding achievement explanatory notes
|
Walnuts & Rain
|
Media and drama
|
Television
|
Adventure Time
|
27038_HottotheTouch
|
hot touch hot touch episode fourth season american animated television series adventure time episode written story originally aired april episode serves direct continuation season episode series follows adventures finn voiced human boy best friend adoptive brother jake voiced dog magical powers change shape grow shrink episode finn develops crush voiced tries know proves difficult destructive power episode sugar sugar previous storyboard partner helped clean episode drawings sugar wrote short rap episode originally sugar wanted write felt song quality wanted rap sugar version hot touch seen million viewers marked significant increase ratings series received largely positive critical reviews reviewers slate episode emotional range plot finn pursues voiced trying explain want hurt confused finn fire assumes merely wants ventures intent turning new domain finn jake return tree fort help voiced build flame battle robots heroes descend begin putting fire turn hurts emotionally physically judging single tear finn horrified pain caused object affections exits robot calls attention crying tears alert finn water hurt opposition natural states production hot touch written story developed series creator episode sugar worked sugar previous partner served episode creative director helped clean episode sugar excited chance interacted shown inside line finn wanting play based experiences high school girlfriend reasoned finn younger ultimate idea love sit love interest play video games episode features reprising role character seen season episode life short rap working master sung written sugar originally planned demo version merely filler track expected want write rap surprise enjoyed version wanted perform way written sugar father rob later released demo version youtube channel series composer produced song instrumental inspired penchant sampling took music season episode life edited substantially creating beat featured episode reception hot touch aired april episode seen million viewers episode ranked number telecast children demographics according nielsen ratings marked percent increase ratings numbers hot touch compared ratings time period episode saw physical release dvd princess day included episodes series second sixth seasons later released complete fourth season dvd october gave episode largely positive review noting episode minutes writers create metaphor dating finn struggle relationship work noted symbolism inherent making fire writing fire perfect element teenage princess control emotions burning path finn advances complimented return short rap called perfect little musical interlude midway point episode slate magazine review fourth season wrote frequently astonishing observe confidence wide ranging appeal adventure time depicts stages reviewer highlighted hot touch example example noting represents vastly metaphor hypothesis closer soft exterior easier melt exposed heart entertainment_weekly awarded episode noting season premiere inspired boy dog colorful clever funny
|
Hot to the Touch
|
Media and drama
|
Television
|
Adventure Time
|
2529_MinimumFoundationProgram
|
louisiana formula determines cost educate students public elementary secondary schools defines state local funding contributions district education officials use term refer specifically portion state pays student school district required louisiana constitution adopt formula determine total cost minimum foundation program education public schools funding school systems louisiana legislature approve formula year local state contributions vary based student needs local tax bases funding frozen rate years moved formula critics formula encourage districts implement taxes pay higher amounts state cost education local state contributions local state shares vary district district average state pays percent total cost minimum foundation district pays percent fiscal year state local government contributed billion formula required local funding paid property sales taxes levied local school districts districts higher tax revenues pay higher portion districts lower tax revenues formula divides districts levels based dollar taxes levy student spending base formula pupil accounting special student needs formula takes account additional expenses school systems special classes students risk special education gifted talented students end school districts average state local funding student year local state sources spent student fiscal year year madison parishes received highest pupil funding grant parishes received lowest pupil funding districts highest pupil year average local contribution average state contribution districts lowest pupil year average local contribution average state contribution total funding levels student vary based student population needs weighted formula funding fiscal year totaled divided evenly public school students louisiana work pupil students cost educate increasing dollar formula artificially increases number students funds weighted membership accounts special education gifted talented risk students example school receives times funding receive general population student educate special education student state executive legislative action freeze past percent increase year funding increase frozen years february advocate reported plans freeze increase funding budget president said districts need growth factor suffered local sales tax revenue increases retirement health insurance costs passed resolution urging school funding formula efficient effective introduced requested certain changes formula including increasing percentage funds spent school level having funds follow child students transferred juvenile justice facilities adjusting funding based accurate student enrollment data targeting funds prevention district controversy critics formula high levels local state funding speaker said interview formula keeps districts higher taxes districts high local taxes receive lower state funding payments founded examine effects local tax initiatives institute policy manager said districts receive extra incentive funding state raise high amounts funding local level said districts extra money tax low tax base high rate tax healthy tax base low rate low performing schools state laws require include local school district school growth points submitted june year recent report contained data schools districts school year average school performance score schools report compared statewide average classroom expenditure student schools compared statewide percent students report poverty compared percent statewide schools report higher teacher turnover statewide average slightly higher percentage teachers state average
|
Minimum Foundation Program
|
Social sciences and society
|
Education
|
Education miscellanea
|
2814_EducationintheFaroeIslands
|
education levels education primary secondary higher education institutions funded state private schools country education compulsory years ages twelfth century education provided catholic_church took education modern educational institutions started operating quarter nineteenth century developed twentieth century status language education significant issue decades accepted language instruction initially education administered regulated denmark responsibilities educational issues started transferring authorities procedure completed compulsory education consists seven years primary education years lower secondary education public free charge provided respective municipalities called provides optional education tenth year education admitted upper secondary education students complete compulsory education allowed continue education school job specific training education fishing industry important country economy maritime schools important education completion tenth year students continue upper secondary education consists different types schools higher education offered youth moves abroad pursue higher education mainly denmark forms education comprise adult education music schools structure educational system bears danish counterpart main language instruction lower secondary school danish main language instruction upper secondary schools education administered regulated research culture minister september background jurisdiction educational responsibility constituent country danish realm education influenced similarities danish educational system agreement educational cooperation denmark public spending education municipalities responsible school buildings children education age 1st grade 9th 10th grade age november people total number employees employed education sector people aged gained master degree gained diploma finished upper secondary education finished primary school education data literacy states probably high denmark proper majority students upper secondary schools women men represent majority higher education institutions addition young people relocate countries study women holders bachelor degrees education denmark denmark norway united_kingdom rest countries holders master degrees education denmark united_kingdom denmark norway rest countries medical school medical students study abroad total medical students studied denmark poland hungary language language designated country principal language home rule act states danish language learnt carefully ninth grade school material danish classes grade upper secondary education pattern reversed courses taught danish language courses language taught hours week overall compulsory education danish taught hours week exams languages equal length english language courses start 4th grade taught hours annually grade hours 5th grade hours 6th 7th 8th 9th grade pupils chose 10th grade option hours english lessons history middle ages education offered catholic_church according saga norway received schooling bishop later speeches taught latin feature revealed knowledge school continued reformation established danish kingdom extending today denmark iceland greenland sweden estonia mentioned letter got established offer training qualification teachers maritime schools founded private institutions evening school founded joint financing denmark danish royal decree established compulsory primary education provision teaching danish decision led tensions education teachers continued teaching persecuted issue resolved recognized equal danish schools danish government request parliament established public navigational school followed marine engineers school established traces roots nurses trained hospital established appointed lecturer teach courses time pursue higher education denmark denmark abandoned initiative university accepted time science students autumn education administered denmark home rule act late 1990s administration transferred government matter local interest responsibility educational matters started transferring denmark authorities government getting economic responsibility education education responsibility government procedure completed preceded establishment research culture administration passed research culture degree recognized bachelor degree marine schools navigation engineering merged form august incorporated university departments structure primary lower secondary education compulsory education provided years age primary education islands beginning school year calendar year child reached age seven years compulsory education lasts seven years primary education provided free schools provide optional education students attending primary education completion seven years primary education students continue studies lower secondary education 8th 9th grade wish 10th year thirds pupils 9th grade chose 10th grade lower secondary education lasts years primary education provided free charge years compulsory education year optional continue upper high school students lower secondary education final examination gives access upper secondary education like similar secondary schools takes years higher preparatory examination takes years gives access year business college year secondary education upper secondary education upper secondary education offered schools offer different type courses academically oriented year long school completion students apply admission higher education institutions type education offered schools type upper secondary education year academically oriented course adults offered called offers year completion allows alumni continue higher education possible year education business colleges technical college offers courses technical fields offered schools alumni pursuit higher education technical sciences higher education courses focuses fishing industry food science completion students continue higher education studies related fishing industry education maritime education maritime schools offers year studies marine engineer addition shorter versions offers half year studies captain individual marine courses graduates marine engineer men graduates june men offers year education alumni officer captain merchant ships gross order access education applicants fulfill terms according ship master law number september applicants experience working board ship gross month months vessel gross finished years compulsory primary lower secondary school passed results danish english physics chemistry math offers shorter maritime education months ship assistant education provides students able perform kinds work deck engine room board ship applicants half years old completed years applicants health certificate seamen education months required able bodied alumni year long education school offering types education health care assistant education takes months following graduation pupils choose leave school work home care retirement homes alternatively continue months assistant nurse assistant nurse work places retirement homes hospitals graduates mainly women school graduates women schools runs fourteen institutions islands responsible teaching music pupils pay year order lessons price depends municipality pupil lives classes called children years costing year offers year musical education program middle range training people aged costing annually admitting pupils year offers variety courses language lessons foreigners courses range music lessons foreign languages swimming courses offered municipalities teachers wages paid rest paid pays wages cases disabled people additionally offering half year courses food diet arts creative subjects respectively higher education higher education mainly undertaken public research university granting academic degrees individual higher education courses offered pursue higher education islands mainly denmark august report showed students denmark countries student grant fund provides student grants loans students study abroad higher education offered based founded members university divided offering degrees degrees publicly funded received approximately million admission requirements include taking upper secondary school leaving examination specific departments place additional requirements department required grade mathematics higher education possible individual higher education courses commerce alumni work time course semester years achieved education second education combine courses distant education wish study university denmark research research administered year money decides recipients received million research conducted governmental institutions museums laboratories hospitals marine
|
Education in the Faroe Islands
|
Social sciences and society
|
Education
|
Education miscellanea
|
5228_EducationinIceland
|
education iceland system education iceland divided levels compulsory upper secondary higher similar countries education mandatory children aged institutions funded state private schools country iceland country background national education law education law national curriculum published curriculum periodically revised overall education system significantly modernized compulsory education act mandated special education services students disabilities according science culture science culture jurisdiction educational responsibility traditionally education iceland run public sector small growing number private education institutions country years educational system responsibility primary lower secondary schools lies local authorities state runs upper secondary schools higher education institutions ministry issues publishes educational materials education institutions issues free charge country sole examination board responsible issuing grading national assessments institutions catering compulsory education schools upper secondary education higher education institutions history oldest country traces origin school established school moved poor housing conditions forced near school moved current location new building erected higher education institution country established june uniting schools taught theology medicine law respectively university originally fields addition faculty rector university professor faculty levels education system comprises levels compulsory upper secondary higher non compulsory education age step education system current legislation concerning passed science culture responsible policies methods use issue national curriculum guidelines responsible ensuring curriculum suitable transition compulsory education easy possible ministry implement regulations guidelines instead responsibility local authority fund administer addition local authority employs representatives supervise operation parents pay children attend costs running institutions covered fees private fees higher public institutions private schools receive municipal funding buildings purpose built site playing space available child playground child allocated indoors institutions intended mixed sex intended children age youngest children attend years old children single parents students given priority cases children handicap given priority majority cases children divided age groups smaller communities grouped children attend minimum maximum hours day compulsory compulsory education lit basic school period education compulsory legislation concerning compulsory education passed municipalities took running compulsory education comprises primary lower secondary education takes place institution law states education mandatory children ages school year lasts months begins august september ending june minimum number school days new teachers wage contract increase lessons place days week responsibility lies parents making sure children attend register school law states responsibility municipality instruction fund institutions includes teaching substitute teaching administration specialist services provide special education required entry requirements pupils acceptance rate years age pupils right attend school area live state requires school handicapped pupils mainstream education state responsible assessing institutions sure operating law produce educational materials implement educational law regulations compulsory education divided years schools years year seven years common schools teach years wider area size institutions widely varied urban area schools pupils size rural areas schools fewer pupils schools fewer pupils compulsory education institutions mixed sex services available including help studies specific subjects psychological available school follow exceptions schools special characteristics school required create school working plan annual calendar organise teaching pupil assessment provide activities number lessons year follows provisions learning mother tongue foreign language deaf hearing impaired pupils pupils expected pace teaching students struggling receive teaching moved classes emphasis providing variety teaching methods assessment iceland assessment evaluation pupils conducted internally different institutions pupils given regular reports year progress way varies schools example numerical year given oral written assessment given principal purpose help ease transition upper secondary education help pupil choose course study pupils awarded certificate marks end compulsory schooling period addition pupil assessment law requires schools implement form self evaluation quality services sure institutions operating inside law guidelines schools assessed externally years science culture teachers similar primary education countries years seven teacher teaches pupils subjects year upwards pupils receive teaching number different teachers marks boundary primary education lower secondary education groups mixed year year primary school teachers general teachers received training typical course lasts years lower secondary teachers trained degree required situation courses designed academic practical municipalities responsible employment teachers optional service teacher training courses offered annual basis upper secondary upper secondary education lit continued school follows lower secondary education schools known english compulsory compulsory education right upper secondary education typical course length years students aged length course vary especially courses stage education governed like schools iceland upper secondary schools mixed sex students pay tuition fees pay fee expected buy textbooks students courses pay portion costs materials use students right enter upper secondary education turn sixteen students leaving lower secondary education enter upper secondary education notable drop rate specific entry requirements different courses students right sort education general program study available students fail meet requirements schools enjoy prestige popularity especially need turn away hundreds students year school year lasts months divided terms autumn spring students attend lessons week lasting minutes vary drastically institutions country sizes vary primary schools largest students smallest divided grammar schools offering year long programmes study ending exams industrial schools theoretical practical courses trades comprehensive schools offering mixture courses qualities grammar school industrial institution addition specialised programmes specialised schools programmes study specific trades careers law requires academic artistic general programmes study lead higher education gymnasium offer examination called providing regulations forms operate unit credit system term divided course units worth certain number credits students consequently able regulate speed education based personal circumstances system upper secondary institutions iceland institutions offer evening classes targeted adults par daytime courses distance learning offered schools services offered like compulsory education institutions assessment examinations taken end term opposed end year final years based continuous assessments assignments courses final exams nationally exams upper secondary education school year certain subjects introduced institutions required self assess like compulsory education institutions assessed externally years teachers upper secondary teachers required completed years university years devoted major subject teaching skills teachers qualified particular discipline master trade years experience service training courses offered teachers paid state hired individual school higher education final level higher education lit high school institutions country run state institution opened principal higher education institution country recent years universities opened country widening range choices available legislation concerning higher education institutions passed includes definition term include universities carry research separate legislation place public institution defining role research general organisation private public universities receive funding state administration university divided senate rector faculty meetings faculty councils universities divided senate ultimately makes decisions running organisation institution policy state contract university defining institution objectives funding state institution despite growing number higher education institutions country students decide pursue university education abroad studies academic year lasts september divided terms autumn spring admission pass form exam university sufficient work experience admitted cases technical courses requirements stating sort experience chosen field study institutions free set admission criteria registration potential students takes place june year application deadline foreign students earlier march student finance state run institutions students need pay registration fees tuition fees private institutions charge fees students eligible financial support exact depends financial personal situation student begin repay money years completing study programme addition students students european_union member states eligible apply loans working trade country year annually limited number scholarships available foreign students study language literature offered science culture grants available post graduates research universities awarded basis joint submission student professor approval respective faculty special education compulsory education act selected groups students disabilities deaf blind students received formal special education students mild disabilities accommodated rural schools changes law special school opened students mental similar programs followed students physical disabilities regular classrooms developed programs train teachers specialists provide appropriate services reflecting cultural values tolerance equity celebrating differences current government policy emphasizes inclusion school segregated classrooms schools permitted supported education law upper secondary education students attend schools university receive appropriate supports exempt normal entrance requirements demonstrating given level reading mathematics achievement consequently reaching end compulsory school age difficult students significant find education
|
Education in Iceland
|
Social sciences and society
|
Education
|
Education miscellanea
|
5558_Directgrantgrammarschool
|
direct grant grammar school direct grant grammar school type selective secondary school england wales existed quarter places schools directly funded central government remainder attracted fees paid private pupils average schools received half income state status introduced education act modification existing direct grant scheme privately endowed schools direct grant grammar schools grammar schools maintained local authorities formed academic tier system varied greatly size composition average achieved higher academic results maintained grammar schools independent schools state secondary education reorganised comprehensive lines late 1960s early 1970s direct grant phased schools required choose maintained comprehensive schools fully independent schools schools roman catholic joined state system closed rest including secular schools independent remain highly selective independent schools origins 19th century boys girls england wales received secondary education available private schools time secondary provision expanded adjusted growing demand start century boarding schools like sons aristocracy endowed grammar schools decline classical seen irrelevant industrial age schools reformed endowed schools act led diverted creation girls schools meantime range schools appeared roman catholic relief act mid century irish immigration catholic teaching orders ireland mainland europe began establish grammar schools new schools established initially joint stock companies converting charities successful largest companies later trust set provide affordable academic education girls established schools century wealthy schools received annual grants county councils grant system created fund early secondary schools education act gave counties county responsibility schools designating local education authorities secondary schools controlled voluntary bodies receive grant local authority return required meet board regulations subject system state funded schools act secondary schools grant required admit specified proportion intake usually free charge state elementary schools suitable pupils selected scholarship examination circular directive issued required schools choose single source grant receive direct grant central government grant aided local authority secondary schools receiving direct grant compared aided local authorities division intended purely administrative convenience local authorities gradually gained influence schools aided schools weak financial position great depression depression falling birth rate pre war years weakened independent schools schools receiving direct grant time state funded sector grown point universal secondary education changes society idea popular proposals reorganisation maintained sector including new accommodation voluntary schools response persuaded president establish commission lord july consider means association general education system country developed extended direct grant scheme education act aimed introduce universal system secondary education england wales system types schools pupils sitting plus exam determine type school sent academic tier grammar school act revised terms direct grant operate alongside maintained grammar schools aided schools schools unable cope costs reorganisation required act offered status voluntary controlled voluntary aided schools state pay running costs capital costs fully integrated state system new direct grant scheme modification proposals direct grant grammar school provide places free charge children spent years maintained primary schools reserve places paid required remaining places attract fees child admitted achieved required standard plus schools inspected majesty schools governing bodies appointed require approval secretary state raise fees carry building work scheme attractive direct grant schools secondary schools receiving direct grant applied join new scheme rest independent schools addition grant aided schools applied join scheme schools including grant aided schools accepted direct grant grammar schools list opened applications received accepted direct grant grammar schools alongside maintained grammar schools direct grant scheme act provision fund places independent schools areas shortage appropriate places maintained schools example lack selective places selective places roman catholic schools late 1960s independent schools places funded way seven funded characteristics schools direct grant schools height educated secondary pupils england wales independent schools accounted level students proportions rose respectively schools single sex slight majority girls schools roman catholic schools schools north england historic county lancashire including manchester yorkshire inner london wales average pupils direct grant grammar schools state funded proportion varied greatly schools direct grant schools similar teacher pupil maintained grammar schools fees regulated match costs schools proportion teachers second class degrees slightly lower maintained counterparts principal difference maintained schools greater freedom influence variation schools group middle class institutions tending closer independent schools social composition average quarters pupils came white collar homes including fathers management children semi skilled workers average intake schools academically selective maintained grammar schools independent schools results high pupils staying age going university significantly greater proportions groups schools types schools great deal variation direct grant grammar schools according discussed section schools types boundaries clear cut called group regional schools large highly academically selective day schools large sixth forms located near large cities boys schools belonging direct grant grammar school largest high master elevated outspoken advocate school sent boys university rate surpassed independent close schools large girls school similar academic collegiate school founded schools achieved university admission rates older public schools turn moved raise academic standards admission increase focus academic achievement high profile schools formed popular image direct grant grammar school accounted quarter second group consisted schools boys girls significant proportion majority pupils schools boys including methodist schools boarding schools tended smaller academically selective direct grant schools larger proportion fee paying pupils tended socially selective nearly quarters pupils having fathers management group roman catholic schools nearly direct grant schools boys girls predominantly day schools took small proportion fees lower direct grant tended higher proportion funded pupils schools took pupils average proportion tended socially mixed pupils managerial professional homes children semi skilled workers schools similar maintained roman catholic grammar schools outnumbered lacking having lower fee income financially secure direct grant fourth group non local grammar schools intake able average maintained grammar schools covering broader range included schools girls day school trust comprehensive reorganisation post war period parts world moved selective education comprehensive schools catering children abilities dissatisfaction system grew 1950s concern harsh division school population age loss economy submerged quarters secondary modern schools experiments comprehensive schools spread yorkshire labour government elected promising state secondary schools comprehensive lines following year science distributed circular requesting prepare plans reorganisation schools circular requested consultation direct grant schools participation comprehensive system reason direct grant schools excluded consideration set fallen little progress local negotiations proposed circular catholic girls schools southampton school converted fully comprehensive intake expanding pupils proposed minor adjustments vast majority unchanged view lack progress asked october add direct grant schools investigation commission chaired issued second report concluding grammar schools traditional kind combined comprehensive system education choose want fee paying compatible comprehensive education recommended schools choose voluntary aided independence conservatives came power action taken schools begun leave scheme starting independent half places funded followed educational following year queen merged form respite provided early 1970s conservative education secretary raised level grant lowered labour government abolition legacy labour returned power enacted direct grant grammar schools cessation grant regulations required schools choose maintained comprehensive schools independent schools grant remaining direct grant grammar schools church_of_england rest catholic applied join state sector accepted schools dependent state funding comprehensive education supported roman catholic hierarchy objections connected schools school trent approved join state system independent instead following campaign parents plans proceeded local objections schools closing comprehensive schools sixth form colleges merging schools small school girls northwest wales closed time remaining schools including large secular ones independent grant phased remaining state funded pupils left coincided mid-1970s recession difficult time independent schools direct grant schools lost intake local boys schools replace lost places echo direct grant scheme introduced conservative government lasting approximately thirds places held direct grant grammar schools independent sector soon recovered prospered competition state grammar schools small number roman catholic direct grant schools entered state sector grant maintained schools secular schools subsequently remain independent typically highly selective strong academic included highest performing independent day schools longer bridge state private sectors schools independent sector sharply distinguished state system situation educational
|
Direct grant grammar school
|
Social sciences and society
|
Education
|
Education miscellanea
|
6724_HistoryofSanDiegoStateUniversity
|
history history began late 19th century establishment normal school san_diego california founded march school opened november class students school allowing grant certificates degrees increased student enrollment college relocated current location east classes beginning february government works programs great depression assisted construction numerous buildings new campus world war affected student enrollment led students faculty members serve armed forces end 1950s student population renamed fourth largest california state institution 1960s 1970s campus saw increased enrollment professional schools multiple incidents student activism january new university population peaked nearly students attained status largest university california tenth nation recently university worked improve academic rankings faced including school shooting large drug bust university continues grant numerous degrees fields developed construction plans replacement older buildings infrastructure establishment late 1890s san_diego officials believed normal school established help town grow increase certification teachers tuition travel town normal schools large san desired closer school san_diego compete los_angeles cities school attempt establish vetoed california governor march governor changed course signed legislation allow establishment state normal school san_diego located total funds appropriated school totaled established met june appointed previously served president new school unanimous decision october january san_diego firm gill selected design new school building architect developed building style responsible design ground broken construction august cornerstone building laid december building dedicated building construction classes held hill block southwest corner 6th street downtown san_diego beginning november classes moved construction continued students women enrolled end year enrollment grew summer san diego normal school california normal school offer summer courses maintained position june class graduated women men later year east wing initial building finished adding rooms appropriated state west wing included gym library laboratories lecture rooms museum west wing completed september california legislature required students high school diploma order admitted normal school requirement entry resigned replaced previously served principal increased faculty size meet demands increased enrollment annual salary president increased salaries faculty administration ranged compared national average industries farm labor hardy argued pay increases claiming increases needed relief entirely justified increased good service buildings added funds total expenditures campus reached expansion space limited training school dropped high school program taught elementary intermediate grades 7th 8th grades new students school year california counties excluding san_diego states proportion remain common school history majority students san_diego area world war world war large impact school newfound sense patriotism administration require students pledge allegiance entrance requirement school war effect enrollment male students gradually left school join war efforts total students including male student students addition students faculty members joined military decreased student enrollment remaining faculty opportunity training campus students faculty worked red_cross organized bond drives sent packages troops overseas period hardy pushed notion granting school college status california legislature school year teacher school placed management july san diego state teachers college usually shortened ranking college grant certificates degrees prior school conversion graduated teachers educated san_diego children training school helped expand economic cultural development city legislature moved college campus issues administrators moved junior college believing overlap material taught teacher school junior college remained school independent june legislature allowed college begin granting bachelor_of_arts degrees included agriculture industrial engineering july junior college courses lower division courses july granted college ability offer credentials secondary education majors english history chemistry romance languages current location initially built maximum capacity students hardy proposed building new campus acre plot park boulevard near rejected san_diego voters california legislature authorized new site san_diego willing buy old school building provide new site following year citizen member committee led mayor initially recommended northeast park located acres location voted san_diego voters location selected time voted total locations proposed final location chosen june offered acres promise build road connecting site site located east miles away old site group proposed site hopes center new retail housing development new site built san_diego voters approve buying old site overwhelmingly new campus old building junior high administrative offices demolished room new wing administrative building selected supervising architect designed new campus initial planned cost october classes dismissed early current students attend groundbreaking held day selected construction firm completed buildings september classes students held february great depression negative local economy benefited federal government money available construction projects attempt stimulate economy campus construction projects included new buildings stadium completed open air theater completed facilities art works federal programs created jobs students increase financial aid june president hardy retired replaced bell tower campus named honor hardy september result california legislature dropping teachers names state colleges college began offering engineering courses period college acquired state purpose purchasing additional acres world war world war significant impact college world war pivotal college history days attack pearl harbor thirteen students withdrew college join military enrollment dropped students low students men spring faculty decreased low war begun war graduates students students faculty entered armed forces losing lives surprisingly city dominated naval base large majority joined navy joined participating japan battles philippines campus war information center nation center established boost civilian morale practice air raid drills campus sugar gas soft drinks paper common war classes cut limited staff courses shifted scientific technological emphasis majority sports canceled war drives held increase supplies sent troops war neared end enrollment increased reached students nearly half students veterans war received monthly assist housing tuition costs sports activities resumed prior levels end 1940s faculty expanded personnel time staff grouped disciplines seven divisions education recreation college awarded master degree end decade offered master degrees areas governor signed legislation making official year liberal arts institution postwar changes expansion president retired replaced previously served president point college students faculty members offered majors budget contributed local san_diego economy end 1950s student population placing fourth largest california state institution larger colleges universities time entering scores examinations ranked universities following years college scores surpassed california state colleges college use identification number student necessary handling records grades tasks large number students student expansion square footage buildings classrooms increased school began offering classes branch campus remained focused teacher training mid-1970s school california state college educational radio station world war faculty attempt reach university status school statement general policy employment faculty stipulated incoming faculty soon receive order hired end 1950s permanent faculty beginning increased psychology professor accused communist san_diego representatives persuaded california legislature governor attempt remove teaching position unable answer communist dismissed february attempted reinstated legislation developed later deemed unconstitutional july result act system included new set regulations school statewide board trustees chancellor school continued grow population san_diego county administrator reflected graduates hired county find difficult county running help president gave graduation commencement address people june kennedy given honorary doctorate degree law ceremony making california award honorary doctorate degree commemorate visit campus added portrait campus library collection granite stone marker placed helicopter landed april plaque commemorated visit stolen recovered spoke proposed legislation improving rights african americans began offering doctorate chemistry joint effort campus different doctorate programs research vital practice faculty 1960s books authored faculty federal research grants increased faculty research included medical scientific research teacher training review nursing named president love best college presidents country president love changed structure college developing divisions professional schools allow schools developed colleges increased possibility university reflected progress time magazine article called college deed fact university late 1960s early 1970s numerous protests sit ins radical changes traditions students author called period colorful challenging state history students mainly protested racism war vietnam march students held week long sit protest decision campus leaders radical instructors protests expanded presence military significant speakers visited campus time including april took students hostage taking examination math building violence students released peacefully protesters later growing smashed windows administration building burned copies student newspaper protesters eventually entered locked building set fires floor moved set fires break windows resulted injuries thousand dollars damages bomb exploded hall injuring african american student group african american students marched campus support jackson women studies program united_states established college year intense organizing women consciousness raising groups rallies petition circulating operating unofficial experimental classes presentations seven committees assemblies early president love retired extraordinary growth students faculty facilities plans new library named honor dedicated brief unsuccessful nomination replace love academic vice president walker acting president new president served implement mainstream changes prior presidents instrumental bringing qualified administrators improve school upcoming years worked establish collecting materials city history established program offered classes older people leaving university person commented end year administration grown institution implied mark left left lead brief academic vice president serving president sixth president proposition passed school faced budget issues day proposed departments combining laying approximately faculty members budget cuts deemed necessary april day proposed cutting faculty members departments upcoming budget cuts comments president love fought hard tenure increase ranking college university california legislature approved renaming school san_diego officials happy january renamed current modern history school reached peak attendance students resulting largest university california 10th nation overwhelming number students available facilities majors decided limit enrollment enrollment dropped lowest attendance result budget crisis ranked campuses ranked school comprehensive universities west 1980s program california decade students scored highest score exam times second nation graduates passing exam january playboy ranked 3rd best party school nation appalled administrators students ranking determined number factors including education offered university social opportunities male female ratio campus activities located near campus students feared ranking diminish quality degree dropped tenth place included specific rank jumping fifth place offered students schools public health nation system president day considered major achievement administration provided training hospitals public health agencies health maintenance organizations care mental health facilities 1990s fourth largest undergraduate program granting master degrees doctoral degrees year result california state government proposed budget cuts campuses marked long period university budget stress faculty unrest student protests fee increases class cuts spring brought large fee increases budget cuts governor state legislature systems impacted unique way schools systems chose board approach campus president time chose use deep narrow approach program cuts result largest student marches protests vietnam war spring systems facing round severe budget cuts dramatic student fee increases state government second time president took deep narrow approach budget cuts time proposed elimination time faculty professors entire majors attempt alleviate fears students majors large meeting president day planned student center hundreds students teachers meeting quickly turned angry chaotic crowd pressing glass windows outside following meeting students feeling betrayed 2nd time dozen students held temporary occupation president day office occupation led hour administration building summer student bus trips state legislature sacramento large campus student voter registration drive student marches protests fall heavy student teacher public pressure conclusion events ended chancellor eventually reversing president day deep narrow approach saving majors programs fall central parallel student protest movement foot high wooden construction fence encircled new campus building students quickly protest messages paintings cartoons urging students rally vote challenge school president citing need clean campus graduation president day attempted paint symbolic construction fence wall night attempted wall paint president day large police force arrested students peacefully sitting wall morning word quickly gathered campus arrests dozens student rushed sit wall ultimately stopping painters student government dedicated permanent memorial wall later new yards wall edge student memorial protests included wall painting president day head president day retired july incoming freshman success rate graduating university years day replaced university seventh president month later august known shooting year old graduate student pulled defending thesis killed professors student pleaded guilty serving life sentence prison term august memorial dedicated professors included trees set tables benches july new station opened campus construction began station connected students faculty areas san_diego county helped combat low availability parking campus million station university construction projects occurred 2000s starting late 1990s million college community redevelopment project led development million million fraternity row future developments million row million retail office apartment project million research office park pedestrian bridge opened connecting main campus year campus advanced largest classroom capable holding students completed campus began work constructing new alumni center expanding modifying storm hall add office classroom space june deemed number small research university nation ranking determined based faculty productivity honorary awards publications journals number research grants received point campus usually studies progress fields study revealed campus economic impact billion san_diego region projections current future growth study indicated school economic impact expected increase billion announced arrest individuals students variety drug charges multiple month sting called operation sudden fall kilograms cocaine seized pounds marijuana pills oil drug guns cash months announcement reported majority defendants pleaded guilty charges defendants placed probation required enter drug diversion programs defendants received cases dismissed years president announced upcoming retirement following year credited improving graduation rate graduating years senior vice president named replace assumed appointed role president july
|
History of San Diego State University
|
Social sciences and society
|
Education
|
Education miscellanea
|
9923_TraditionsofTexasA&MUniversity
|
traditions key aspect culture school traditions date 1890s shortly opening school introduced recently traditions encourage current students alumni spirit sense loyalty respect school aspects student life including greet act sporting event words student use conversation visible tradition senior class students alumni wearing ring design relatively unchanged introduction traditions recognized university like discontinued safety reasons texas monthly states students respect school traditions values university greatest strength incoming students generally exposed traditions greeted official 1950s incoming students offered led current students teach traditions songs current use campus known keepers spirit staunch defense traditions corps texas official marching band university school traditions revolve sporting events especially football games university leaders host practice similar schools rallies instead cheers students learn students known 12th man stand football games willingness step assist team official mascot dog named present official university activities including sporting events spirit current students alumni nicknamed school agricultural roots known loyalty respect alma mater spirit religious devotion traditions school years old texas monthly noted self appointed guardian spirit alert signs university family defined united unique culture school song titled spirit verse spirit told culture product university founding rural military agricultural school school surrounding community grown military training longer required school history students elements small town life community tradition loyalty optimism respect traditions values university greatest strength traditions education activities designed students rounded moral ethical people students attend feel receive knowledge formal classroom books introduced traditions spirit fish camp day extended orientation retreat held summer current students organize run fish camp leading sessions spirit school school traditions new students begin process feeling extended family fish camp began simple camping trip involving new students director program evolved accommodate approximately incoming students attended program emulated schools including established parallel orientation summer fall transfer students called serves campus orientation program modeled fish camp intended freshman transfer students enter spring semester students choose participate education known campus going class small portion experiencing incoming students choose attend campus feel students universities perception created partly tradition official students encouraged greet pass campus smile preferred method speaker large group attention members group expected return speaker gig today end public addresses thanks gig gig tradition began held football game attempt crowd graduate member school asked going term frog hunting answered question gig emphasis fist thumb extended phrase hand signal proved popular hand sign gig school football university traditions council recognizes possible origin expression word gig army indicate uniform code cadets vocabulary new cadets quickly learn fear inspection having shoes brass non aligned gig line visible way graduates recognize ring ring worn current students alumni known symbols designed design remained relatively unchanged major change came school changed texas ring purchased specific requirements met current student good standing minimum scale addition student completed hours including hours students receive ring graduate completed graduate degree requires thesis ring delivered ring day thesis defended deadline set thesis defended date ring held qualification met student receive ring completed formal degree plan cumulative successfully completed residency requirement successfully passed preliminary exam approved research proposal file ring purchased graduation student undergraduate graduate meet criteria pursuing degree ring depicts eagle shield shield ring protection reputation alma mater thirteen stripes shield represent thirteen original states symbolize patriotism stars shield refer student development mind body spiritual emotional integrity character eagle denotes agility power ability reach great heights ring large star borrowed seal state texas oak leaves symbolize strength ring cannon rifle defending land crossed flags united_states texas symbolize allegiance nation state traditionally students wear rings class year facing fact time complete annual ring dance end student collegiate career student turns ring class year faces away readiness face world students receive rings held alumni center times yearly special time family friends celebrate gave rings decades discouraged university unofficial tradition willing students involves newly acquired ring dropped pitcher beer student entire pitcher catches ring teeth bars popular venues longer activity students choose rings alternative substances including ice cream honoring deceased keeping idea current students alumni comprise family created traditions honor members family died held annually honor current students alumni died previous year held monthly special tribute deceased current students according houston_chronicle best meaningful tradition wish happened students schools prize unity loyalty falls family comes remember remembrance occurs annually april observe muster event honor current students alumni died previous year held world largest taking place campus muster ceremonies feature names deceased called family member friend answers lights symbolize loved present body spirit shine forever held june seven years school opened memorial service event intended reunion allow alumni gather remember college days day alumni established roll absent honor classmates attend gathering moved april official school holiday set aside annual cadet track field competition april tradition evolved celebration texas victory battle gatherings include field games reflect days field day events cancelled alumni expected annually remember fellow march urged man miles expected eat little live days spent texas event received worldwide attention world war mustered battle island students die enrolled honored ceremony held necessary tuesday month tradition began memorial president modern incarnation morning small card deceased student class major placed notice base lights campus extinguished begins hymns music begins students gather silence statue academic plaza ross volunteers march plaza fire volley salute stationed academic building play special rendition known song played times north south west played east sun rise finished tribute crowd generally students remain silent reaching homes corps known keepers spirit staunch defense traditions corps link early days history students required members receive military training corps membership voluntary largest student body outside service enrollment cadets beginning school year members corps served armed conflict fought united_states served generals flag officers members participate programs earn commissions graduation fall corps composed navy addition veteran based outfits texas members affiliated military branch notable units mounted unit united_states ross volunteer company oldest student run organization state official honor guard governor texas precision close order rifle drill team composed entirely corps represents local national competitions won national championship year creation appeared hollywood productions prominent roles movies good men courage fire members corps referred terms originally stood cadet training band qualified respectively commonly corps band corps required whip tradition requires extend hand introduce expected know person tradition applies corps non students corps senior cadet possessions senior boots seniors allowed wear knee high riding boots consider receiving boots rite passage senior boots custom fit cadet dark tan brown color students wear senior boots time outgoing seniors final review activity corps members participate unit military review takes place end spring semester parts entire corps march past reviewing stand consists high ranking military university officials inspection corps returns change uniforms wear following year senior boots march formation past reviewing stand filled senior cadets leaders texas band texas band known noble men kyle pulse band official marching band composed men women school largest military marching band world band complex straight line marching maneuvers performed exclusively traditional marches maneuvers complex computer programs create marching drills performed require people place time inception members known band eat sleep practice hours week academic schedule band performs home football games away games university corps functions year events band participated include inauguration united states presidents major annual country dedication ceremony sports traditions 12th man football fans 12th man meaning support players field symbolize readiness desire enthusiasm entire student body stands game respect students step wood step concrete player injured band plays war hymn spirit end war hymn fans sway forth causing upper deck stadium war hymn named college fight song usa_today 12th man tradition began dallas january classic forerunner played defending national champion postseason game southwest hard fought game produced national publicity team slowly defeating team allowed fewer points game half produced injuries coach bible feared men finish game moment called section stands student left football regular season play basketball gill spotting players newspaper football uniform donned uniform injured player stood await turn actually play game readiness play willingness support team point actually entering game game ended victory gill man left standing gill later said wish went ran winning touchdown simply stood case team needed statue stands north remind constant obligation preserve spirit 12th man 1980s tradition expanded coach created 12th man squad composed solely walk players squad field special teams performances squad allowed kick return touchdown successor amended tradition 1990s allow walk player wearing jersey field special teams plays player chosen based level determination hard work shown practices continued model keeping walk team played times season 12th man 12th man created fall president vice president 12th respectively help club secretary treasurer concept presented faculty managers executive director 12th athletic director head football coach approval given kyle found manufacturer new_york_city local distributor texas authorization given sell campus school management concession rights purchased delivered time home game college football season kyle handful members sold makeshift strategic locations immediate success sold game squad initially resisted claiming breaking tradition battalion staff supported concept began successful selling media campaign help gain acceptance student body worked head leader accepting squad accepted press conference held head leader football season carried 12th continued selling large quantities hired students sell property time located right outside main entrance gained important supporting cast 12th man kick team squad began carrying student body stands regular college football season ended home game versus texas game sea white 12th filled stadium cheering victory went win defeat auburn cotton bowl january 12th displayed national audience cotton bowl classic played notre dame point contention twice game member tackled trophy winner grabbed brown head infuriated brown tackled earning yard like conduct penalty students waiting opportunity support team willing credit team good deeds popular tradition team scores everybody scores score points game students kiss dates seniors wearing senior boots encouraged join boot line texas band leaves field half time performances seniors line south end welcome team field second half unlike schools large group rally fans sporting events student consisting seniors historically male leaders elected positions annually student body students perform feats instead use hand signals known pass backs direct intensify crowds signals passed crowd leaders signal crowd forward places hands knees maximize noise leaders dozen choose depending situation designed praise team exist solely fun opposing students practice held kyle field midnight night football game similar rally attend session practicing following day game generating excitement game conclusion practice stadium lights extinguished fans kiss dates practice expected kiss dates time football team scores field sports_illustrated named things got graduate practice football game team victorious capture leaders march campus fish pond wet leaders way building texas band members crowd join short practice preparation week game team runs time lose mini practice held crowd known simple beat hell opposing school writing abbreviated annual game austin longer played students beat hell strongly discouraged upset instead opponents referee especially minds leaders ends stadium wide students noise hand motion known class separate students caught pulling higher class forced punishment raise hands heads symbolically pushing seniors chant times waving hands index fingers extended perpendicular wrapping left hand right fist index fingers extended pointing ground shooting ground holding position symbol expert seniors single fingers index fingers extended pointed air time left foot raised right knee fingers covering right hand ring visible official mascot rough mixed breed dog adopted students found road current mascot considered cadet general highest ranking member addressed cadets miss accompanies members unit including classes long held tradition decides sleep cadet bed cadet required sleep floor truth applied early allowed freely campus contemporary certainly 1980s likely earlier constant supervision mascot corporal allowed freely cadet quarters tradition chooses bark class session cancelled death current mascot military funeral held kyle field usually attracts thousand unofficial mascot displayed graphics portrayed tough looking corps drill sergeant considered icons representing long standing military history drawing seen 1940s battalion ran caricature leaders caricature rough tough military man quickly campus spirit marks scores football games firing spirit inch field gun inch issued field artillery units reserve officers training corps world wars gun believed hidden corps members prevent scrapped spirit found buried ditch students cutting wood annual fall steel wooden wheels showing ground students mounted antique wagon wheels brought gun place honor cadets later restored gun fired celebrate touchdowns newer traditions began football team ended season defeat nebraska big championship game class junior president member class councils noticed united nebraska fans dressed red proposed class councils idea kyle field october rematch nebraska selling low cost high quality shirt resulted sale shirts leading temporary national shortage colored shirts defeated number nebraska time seasons nebraska lost regular season conference game noted game dubbed fans proved lights nebraska fans dressed shirts attempt wash red white opponents gotten worked football game season dubbed official discounted shirts sale fans games beating teams ranked despite games basketball team similar tradition called white fans encouraged wear white shirts memorable moment events september students wished help honor america decided ask attendees football game held kyle field september wear patriotic colors colors divided deck upper deck wearing red middle deck wearing white lower deck blue day period students contracted create special shirts read standing america date despite initial concerns able sell shirts effective students sold shirts raising relief efforts long standing tradition college rivalry austin known students ninety years students built burned large campus fall known community simply annual fall event students burning desire beat hell traditionally lit thanksgiving conjunction festivities surrounding annual college football game schools campus burned tradition continued years decades constructed debris pieces wood found including lumber intended dormitory students appropriated event school sanctioned time students provided axes trucks pointed grove dead trees edge town following years elaborate flames seen miles away stack set world record feet tall constructed days working primarily daylight late 1970s elaborate construction schedule implemented construction began late october cut weekends devoted cutting logs axes logs brought campus load early november crews began stack week period logs wired took shape near end stack known push students worked clock rotating shifts thousand students participated construction year unable devote time task worked shifts participating students wore old shirts jeans boots tradition washed burned washed shifted wedding cake style upper logs lower structure built fortified telephone poles tradition stated burned midnight win following day game introduction wedding cake design began fall quickly burning minutes november partially completed standing feet tall consisting logs collapsed construction students alumni working stack killed injured november date burned instead held remembrance ceremony people including president wife barbara texas governor wife lit candles observed hours silence site collapse officially dedicated november postponed safer delays development safety plan high estimated cost mainly liability insurance led president postpone indefinitely despite university refusal allow place campus non university sanctioned burned annually known campus event draws fans elephant walk november week football game senior class seniors link arms campus game football game regular season come symbolize end seniors 12th man passing torch junior class reference seniors semester study called dead elephants began group students decided walk campus remember experiences school walked single file hand shoulder person observer remarked looked like elephants die day begins kyle field practice speaker senior leaders lead class campus leaders graduating class announce class gift service projects provides opportunities students participate volunteer service activities students originated largest day student run service project nation annual event began passed resolution encouraging students gratitude community giving time beginnings individual students wanting contribute local community expanded allow thousand students participate jobs leaves painting houses trees concept spread nation schools nation participate year including middle school high schools universities attracted students worked record number jobs participate annually day environmental service students participated planting trees public parks event annual tradition began planting trees replace cut officially disbanded continues goals area harmony students residents group planted live oak trees memory victims collapse year group awarded community forestry award group provides trees grown campus texas committee annually conducts march miles round trip road march serves ceremony transfer leadership fundraiser march corps hold donations year saturday morning generally april year members corps gather near march campus highway animal science teaching research extension complex near east bank cadets learn fill leadership position following year current seniors allowed ride bus campus newly promoted cadets lead outfits campus event largest successful student run fundraising event united_states march years event raised combined million asking luck students believe exams offering ross president 1890s credited saving school closure known believe embodiment spirit tradition legend states ross tutor students payment accept penny thoughts exam time statue located covered spot believed lucky tradition says couple walks branches oldest trees campus eventually marry proposal takes place century tree marriage supposed forever privileged words years small male military academy school 1960s membership voluntary military tradition privileges climbs ranks traditions obvious uniforms worn corps members wear different uniforms year culminating prized senior boots vocabulary restricted class word nickname known form word accordingly words button replaced roundabout circular class allowed seniors known black gold garrison caps resembles reserved word elephant forms words death dying shoot reference traditions surrounding saying phrases pass away fire load etc acceptable students caught pulling saying words reserved classes forced push traditionally means students class set year class class extra added subsequent year class pulling privileges class directly considered good bull pulling classes bad bull members generally privileged words seriously non students
|
Traditions of Texas A&M University
|
Social sciences and society
|
Education
|
Education miscellanea
|
11123_FiftyYearsofFreedom
|
years freedom years freedom study development ideas intellectual biography british traces influenced developed idea philosophy child autonomy book follows early life career rural scotland continues influence lane origins years founding years historical analysis ideas context intellectual educational trends life time publication surveyed progressive school leaders impact field reported perception influence teacher pupil relations years published england later renamed evolution idea american publication contemporary reviewers considered years best available biography largely praised clarity biographical detail insight found book philosophical sections comparatively weak author biased teacher school overview years freedom intellectual biography british traces influence thought released years school founding book historical analysis presents development idea philosophy context related social political educational intellectual trends saw work biography analysis ideas development outward reception ideas book published england years freedom study development ideas later renamed evolution idea american publication book includes photographs book follows course life youth rural scotland start world wars focuses relation education minds biographical detail influence theories 1920s psychological theories 1930s compares thought contemporaries compared russell advocated certain virtues child education instead insisted child left values decisions apart adult influence manipulation reviews roles freedom authority anarchy maturation thought final sections explain internal processes philosophy position british global social order contends remained consistent principles roles 1920s educational experiments 1930s advocate children freedom post world war movement informal education conducted study surveyed progressive heads broadly defined infant elementary secondary schools influence responses indicated significant impact profession perceived teacher pupil relations respondents reported significant influence moral sex education little impact school curriculum classroom teaching methods received little response heads state comprehensive schools previously taught lecturer education contemporaneous significant biographies include autobiography orange english progressive schools later cited book reception think work biography comparative education review said essentially strongest wrote book best biography available time called comprehensive objective thoughtful comparison autobiography biography small insights larger issues complex man complex world reflecting biographies added book interest comparative addressed points readers find interesting role history ideas role ideas outside world thought readers find work long detailed found book struggle work complete compared easy stream consciousness prose said years written great interesting essential interested understanding choice recommended excellent volume readership levels considered telling autobiography agreed historical biography remained clear cool wrote account sympathetic published system wrote reconciled needs individual freedom societal regulation commenting book survey study british journal educational studies wrote hard true influence state schools constitute majority schools poor response rate added progressive education topics reported influenced continued controversial asked challenges authoritarian education replaced methods chaos comparative education review said study descriptive role evolution philosophy wrote book functioned best biography philosophy sections comprehensive coherent felt study philosophical portions life broader picture best sellers appreciated book important points advocates educational freedom practice instead seek techniques controlling children curtis felt book added little new content appreciated book detail log based fact fiction multiple reviewers highlighted association school wrote want disciples accepts generally idea fit role new statesman noted book sided despite signs thorough research said balanced account elusive press pupils similar memoirs old boys clubs wrote position considering criticism conventional educational wisdom horrified turned school type folk myth set straight tucker saw cause defense time publication wider acceptance powerful figure education school template american free school movement wrote enjoying greater acceptance later life losing school best sellers said criticism open education basically wrote sympathetic portrayal sympathetic angle felt came child overly strict demanding father spent rest life dimensional crusade rational authority forms altogether wrote years succeeds systematic scholarly look idea fails provide balanced profound look counterpart need restraint responsibility world liked years thought wonderful job wasn critical noted work received reviews compared
|
Fifty Years of Freedom
|
Social sciences and society
|
Education
|
Education miscellanea
|
12047_NedaAgha-SoltanGraduateScholarship
|
graduate scholarship graduate scholarship scholarship post graduate philosophy students oxford preference given students iranian citizenship heritage established following death iranian philosophy student street protests followed disputed iranian presidential election college received offers anonymous donors establish scholarship followed individual donations students queen reach target establish scholarship permanent basis recipient scholarship philosophy student iranian descent described award great honour establishment scholarship led criticism iranian government iranian embassy london told college university involved politically motivated campaign sharp contrast academic objectives response times praised scholarship editorial saying establishment scholarship politically motivated given government reaction death continuing problems iran british iranian student said scholarship important legacy college denied took political decision establishing scholarship stating aims attract support best students arguing refusal donations political act diplomatic sources reported saying creation scholarship nail coffin relations britain iran year old philosophy student shot killed june street protests iran followed disputed presidential election video footage death seen world words times emblem iranian people struggle freedom death symbol government brutality writer called defining symbol protest movement iran scholarship death anonymous british donors offered donate establish scholarship post graduate students philosophy oxford constituent colleges university_of_oxford college governing body accepted offers initial donors pledged years college said main donor british citizen known queen november region additional donated scholarship fund students college members public connection queen fundraising campaign targeting philosophy students college led donations increased fund appeal raised scholarship permanent financial donors included people connections college college said taken significant risks order donate decision scholarship donors college college said reason donors decided scholarship scholarship pays college fees year period open students queen studying post graduate degrees philosophy preference given iranian nationals iranian heritage holder scholarship studying philosophy physics iranian descent said great honour awarded scholarship adding hoped justice succeeded unnamed male student studying political philosophy history political thought iranian government reaction establishment scholarship drew letter protest college iranian embassy london written november signed deputy ambassador letter disputed circumstances death said supporting evidence indicating pre scenario wrote university_of_oxford stepped involvement politically motivated campaign sharp contract academic objectives linked chain events post iranian presidential elections blamed british interference home abroad letter said decision abuse case establish graduate scholarship highly academic institution scientific credibility british press exceptionally lot cry death oxford odd sic rest world academic institutions asked university governing board informed iranian views finished saying surely steps achieve attractions non politically supported programmes better heal wounds family nation report demonstration outside british embassy scholarship group female protesters said iranian news agency death britain response emphasised scholarship help iranian students adequate financial resources study oxford said universities winning competition attract best graduate students adding donations absolutely vital college able attract retain best young minds college spokesman said scholarship set political decision initial donations refused interpreted political decision university receive letter complaint embassy clear decision establish scholarship queen university colleges self governing bodies reaction iranian writer present death praised college scholarship unnamed iranian academic said times letter iranian embassy showed death damaged iranian government british iranian student writing daily_telegraph said establishment scholarship prove tool said oxford striking adding honours student body iran tortured commented britain universities foster crucial awareness government attitude education said scholarship important legacy day publishing letter iranian embassy editorial times praised college actions described death brutal example government suppressing opposition said iranian response death giving country status international basket case problems iran longer page news said existed circumstances editorial concluded scholarship queen college memory politically motivated diplomatic sources speaking anonymously times said government asked advised creation scholarship iran act interfere efforts free working detained participating post election protests sources said scholarship nail coffin relations britain iran
|
Neda Agha-Soltan Graduate Scholarship
|
Social sciences and society
|
Education
|
Education miscellanea
|
12625_DeweyDecimalClassification
|
library classification system published united_states revised expanded major editions latest issued grown page pamphlet fewer classes volume set available version suitable smaller libraries currently maintained non profit cooperative serves libraries licenses access online version called classification introduced concepts relative location relative index allow new books added library appropriate location based subject libraries previously given books permanent shelf locations related order acquisition topic classification makes use digit arabic main classes allowing expansion detail arabic symbols flexible degree numbers expanded linear fashion cover special aspects general subjects library assigns classification number particular volume position relative books library basis subject number makes possible find book return proper place library shelves classification system libraries countries major competing classification system system system created history early development american librarian self declared reformer best known system created founding member credited promotion card systems libraries business developed ideas library classification system working library applied classification books library version classification published classification pamphlet form title classification subject index arranging books pamphlets library pamphlet published version year comments known received copies commented copy comments survived classification system mentioned article issue article publication public libraries america march applied received copyright edition index edition pages length index entries printed copies period adoption second edition system published title classification arranging public private libraries notes scrap books index etc comprised pages index entries copies produced editions published variant title modified expanded system considerably second edition introduction edition states nearly persons spelling english language spelling reform championed contributed criticisms suggestions innovations system positioning books shelves relation books similar topics system introduced libraries fixed positioning book assigned permanent shelf position based book height date acquisition library generally closed privileged patrons shelf considered importance use system increased early 20th century convinced advantages relative positioning open shelf access patrons new editions supplies previously published editions exhausted editions provided little change previous primarily needed fulfill demand decade editions followed closely 3rd 4th 5th editions published 6th edition published record copies subsequent editions lower time size volume grew edition pages increase previous edition response needs smaller libraries finding expanded classification schedules difficult use edition system produced edition generally parallels edition developed editions date popular request library congress began print numbers nearly cards making system immediately available libraries making use library congress card sets library classification available complete published initial encouragement cutter system adopted libraries major exception basis system located belgium led contacted possibility translating classification french classification system opposed use books libraries required changes classification copyright gave permission creation version intended translation french agree allow later create english version resulting classification considering violation agreement violation copyright shortly death agreement reached committee overseeing development developers french classification english version published use today according study system approximately responding public libraries college libraries death administration classification lake club education foundation editorial body classification editorial policy committee participation library congress 14th edition index pages length published volumes identity present growth classification date led significant criticism medium large libraries large use edition found classification overwhelming intended issuing classification editions library edition edition edition english french organization books shelf edition edition left library versions formal editions 15th edition edited implemented growing concept standard edition designed majority general libraries attempting satisfy needs largest special libraries reduced size system half pages revision radical removed edition 16th 17th editions library congress grew volumes system established classification general libraries having gained acceptance large research libraries electronic version created hard copy editions continue issued intervals online updated quarterly administration publication early editions managed small editorial staff beginning administrative affairs managed profit organization founded created classification division previous changed classification editorial policy committee participation library congress edited editions classification system oversaw revisions editions death editor death followed editor death edited 14th edition editor 16th edition edited agreement director editions edited editor edition editor covering editions current editor chief copyright editions held copyright editions held publisher death conveyed control editions non profit chartered online computer library center dublin ohio acquired trademark associated system bought came national attention sued trademark infringement classification system hotel theme case settled shortly classification maintained publishes new editions system editorial staff responsible updates based partly partly work reviewed member international board meets twice year volume edition published approximately years recent edition web edition updated ongoing basis changes announced month experimental version available includes access levels classification system languages addition version single volume edition designed libraries titles fewer available published early design classification library materials discipline field study main divisions include philosophy social sciences science technology history scheme classes list classes divided divisions having sections system uses arabic numbers numbers making main classes sub classes creating divisions classification structure follows hierarchy libraries needing level detail classification trim right class number obtain general classification example natural sciences mathematics mathematics geometry metric differential geometry classification originally meaning listed classes explicitly schedules time added aspects classification scheme allowing construct number combining class number topic entry separate table tables cover commonly elements geographical temporal aspects language forms example class number constructed economics geographic treatment europe create class european economy combine class united_states periodical publications topic arrive number periodicals concerning united_states generally classification makes use areas number represents country italy classification numbers like history italy italian language italian philosophy combination makes classification synthetic nature meaning built parts classification number number subjects including fiction libraries create separate fiction section shelved order author surname assigned number consists parts class number system book number prevents confusion different books subject common form book number called cutter number represents author distinguishes book books topic classes general works computer science information philosophy psychology religion social sciences language pure science technology recreation literature history geography tables standard subdivisions geographic areas historical periods biography subdivisions arts specific literary forms subdivisions works individual authors subdivisions works author added instructed table subdivisions individual languages language families ethnic languages persons index index sic index classification use library users seeking books topic index relative index entries pointed class numbers page numbers printed classification schedule way relative positioning library shelf entry point classification index classed library influence criticism numbers formed basis combines basic numbers selected marks etc adaptations system specific regions outside english speaking world include japanese despite widespread usage classification criticized complexity limited scope scheme adjustment particular arrangement described archaic biased anglo american world view library district arizona abandoned favor system commonly commercial effort libraries accessible patrons libraries united_states countries including canada netherlands followed suit classification criticized system licensed single entity making expensive adopt book classification critic stands stating newer advanced book classification systems confusing understand newcomers
|
Dewey Decimal Classification
|
Social sciences and society
|
Education
|
Education miscellanea
|
12828_EducationinearlymodernScotland
|
education early modern scotland education early modern scotland includes forms education modern borders scotland end middle ages late fifteenth century beginnings enlightenment mid eighteenth century sixteenth century formal educational institutions grammar schools petty schools schools girls established scotland children nobility studied private scotland universities curriculum limited scottish scholars abroad gain second degrees contacts important ways new ideas brought scottish intellectual life concern education latin culminated education act reformation concern education programme education attempt establish system parish schools administered new university established edinburgh existing universities underwent series reforms associated brought standards scholarship methods teaching institutions seventeenth century attempts organise finance system parish schools successful expansion university system early eighteenth century network parish schools reasonably complete limited highlands supplemented scotland began benefits university system major early figures enlightenment including background schooling surviving sources education extremely limited outside occasional references documents concerned matters handful records monastic episcopal registers highlands indications system education associated poetry medicine taught theology arts lesser status evidence formal schooling largely preserved place names end middle ages large churches probably song schools open boys grammar schools based teaching latin grammar boys found main scottish small towns educational provision probably better towns rural areas petty schools provided elementary education exclusively aimed boys end fifteenth century edinburgh schools girls described schools probably indicates major functions reading taught generally run lay women development private tuition families lords wealthy developed household schools farming neighbours sons household documentary evidence schools different kinds reformation growing inspired emphasis education late middle ages culminated passing education act decreed sons barons substance attend grammar schools endorsed concern learn resulted increase literacy largely concentrated male wealthy elite cent nobility beginning sixteenth century universities end eleventh century universities founded europe developing semi autonomous centres learning teaching theology mathematics law medicine fifteenth century beginning northern italy universities strongly influenced thinking emphasis classical authors questioned accepted established thinking manifested teaching new subjects particularly medium greek language fifteenth century university colleges founded college added glasgow founded added initially designed training increasingly began challenge clerical monopoly administrative posts government law period scottish universities largely latin curriculum designed clergy civil canon lawyers teach greek fundamental new scholarship focusing putting largely faith works aristotle authority challenged renaissance provided basic degrees wanting study advanced degrees common european scholars needed universities countries result large numbers scots continued studies continent english universities international contacts helped integrate scotland wider european scholarly world important ways new ideas brought scottish intellectual life historian born studied paris returned principal new university major figure teacher cologne later tutor young served royal secretary sixteenth century civic values stressed importance order morality began major impact education dominant universities schools end sixteenth century king addition basic arts curriculum offered theology civil canon law medicine founded archbishop led college college academy training stress biblical study abbot later responsible bringing italian teach abbey established impressive library wrote works scottish history biography instrumental organising public lectures established edinburgh law greek latin philosophy patronage queen consort mary guise developed college city eventually mid sixteenth century scotland underwent rejected papal authority aspects catholic theology practice created national church known strongly presbyterian outlook severely reducing powers bishops initially gave considerable power new local control appointment clergy important establishing funding schools shift emphasis ritual word making bible ability read bible fundamental scottish religion reformation schools concern increasing public access education shared protestant saw schools vehicles provision moral religious education society protestant party dominant book discipline set plan school parish proved financially impossible existing schools largely maintained song schools number new foundations reformed grammar schools ordinary parish schools schools supported combination funds contributions local councils parents pay inspected sessions local elders checked quality teaching purity large number private adventure schools informally created parents agreement available buildings chiefly evident historical record complaints attempts suppress sessions took pupils away official parish schools private schools necessary given large populations scale parishes accepted church local authorities particularly important girls children poor outside established schools generally better funded able pay masters combined position employment particularly minor posts clerk immediately reformation short supply evidence expansion university system provided large numbers graduates seventeenth century evidence schools period parish schools schools teaching vernacular taking children age grammar schools took boys best grammar schools curriculum included latin french classical literature sports widespread belief limited intellectual moral capacity women came conflict desire intensified reformation women greater personal moral responsibility particularly wives mothers necessitated ability learn understand able independently read bible commentators period tended encourage education girls thought receive academic education boys girls admitted parish schools insufficient numbers boys pay adequate living lower ranks society girls benefited expansion parish schools system took place reformation usually outnumbered boys taught separately shorter time lower level girls frequently taught reading writing nobility educated women mary queen scots reformation universities reformation scotland universities underwent series reforms associated returned geneva principal distinguished philosopher poet trained paris studied law moving geneva developing interest protestant theology influenced anti placed emphasis simplified logic elevated languages sciences status philosophy allowing accepted ideas areas challenged introduced new specialist teaching staff replacing system tutor took students entire arts curriculum abandoned greek compulsory year followed hebrew launching new fashion ancient biblical languages enrollment rates declining arrival students began arrive large numbers assisted reconstruction founded second university college city 5th order glasgow appointed principal mary college established mid sixteenth century reforms produced scottish universities providing quality education equal higher education institutions europe seventeenth century parish schools act commanded parish establish school convenient means parliament scotland ratified law education act tax local landowners introduced provide necessary scotland underwent second reformation widespread support charles innovations bishop wars scotland virtual independence government westminster education remained fundamental ideas allowed education tax closed education act established solid institutional foundation schools principles role supervision restoration monarchy brought reversal position new legislation restored provisions means enforcement suitable age aim having school parish rural communities acts obliged local landowners provide pay known scotland ministers local oversaw quality education scottish towns schools operated local councils late seventeenth century largely complete network parish schools highlands basic education lacking areas growth universities commonwealth universities saw improvement funding given income defunct allowing completion buildings including college high street glasgow largely seen training schools clergy came control hard line protesters generally favoured regime greater leading principal glasgow restoration purge universities intellectual advances preceding period preserved scottish universities recovered disruption civil war years restoration lecture based curriculum able embrace economics science offering high quality liberal education sons nobility gentry saw establishment establishment chairs mathematics astronomy facilitated building king colleges appointed professor medicine edinburgh founded developments helped universities major centres medical education scotland forefront enlightenment thinking early eighteenth century limitations school system effects extensive network parish schools growth democratic myth nineteenth century created widespread belief able rise system high office literacy widespread scotland neighbouring states particularly england historians accept boys able pursue route social advancement literacy noticeably higher comparable nations education parish schools basic short attendance compulsory eighteenth century poorer girls taught dame schools informally set widow teach reading cooking members aristocracy early eighteenth century girl education expected include basic literacy household management accomplishments emphasised female rates based signatures female servants percent late seventeenth early eighteenth centuries percent women ranks compared cent men overall literacy rates slightly higher england female rates lower english counterparts scottish highlands popular education challenged problems distance physical isolation teachers ministers limited knowledge primary local language parish schools supplemented established promoting christian knowledge aim highlands teach english language end attachment associated rebellious schools eventually taught overall effect contributed erosion highland culture literacy rates lower highlands comparable lowland rural society despite efforts remained prevalent nineteenth century access scottish universities probably open contemporary england germany france attendance expensive student body representative society eighteenth century scotland intellectual benefits system contribution european enlightenment key figures scottish enlightenment mark mid eighteenth century included professor moral philosophy glasgow important link ideas later school scottish common sense realism developing thinking appointed chair mathematics age leading british mathematician era significant intellectual figure early modern scotland essays moral political helped outline parameters philosophical major influence later enlightenment figures including
|
Education in early modern Scotland
|
Social sciences and society
|
Education
|
Education miscellanea
|
13102_CampusofUniversityofthePhilippinesLosBaños
|
campus university philippines los main campus los located towns bay province southeast manila complex covers acres land encompassing entire surrounding areas land grants provinces combined area acres campus contains buildings equipment facilities estimated worth billion million according financial statement university manages student inside campus housed students enrolled libraries collectively referred hold total volumes periodic recipient publications united_nations agencies habitat contributor contributed titles history campus established acres abandoned farmland foot purchased serve campus newly created students helped clear land classes held tents practical instruction plantations campus corn sugar cane tobacco act philippine legislature february authorized appropriation acres creation agricultural experiment station time funding college acquire acres experimental farms pasture early structures demolished japanese occupation philippines exist including bridge built dean term student residences buildings student faculty employee houses destroyed second world war devastated agricultural engineering building left undamaged grants 1950s accelerated development campus building library sciences building math building built result grants worth worth allowed construction claimed centennial history largest best equipped eastern hemisphere time constructed construction school dormitory buildings campus 1960s aside international assistance year development programs terms instrumental developing campus implementation programs administration buildings staff houses roads built efforts renovation existing structures repair damage typhoon promote campus walking museum center construction convention center cable cars connecting lower upper campuses proposed plan projects include paving pathways construction students criticized program arguing funds better allocated renovation classrooms laboratories academic facilities memorandum issued chancellor instructed conserve energy reduce operating costs plan calls reduced use electric air electric car recycling areas upper campus arts site national boy scouts philippines upper campus includes entire acre site oldest parts campus gardens located tents classrooms set months university history serves outdoor laboratory students primarily million designated conservation development created jurisdiction transferred acquired complete jurisdiction philippines energy development program president returned years later terms republic act representative del 2nd district filed passed law transferred acres jurisdiction philippines bill strongly opposed citing possible site placed reasons bill pending august lower campus acre lower campus located foot location units affiliated entities including graduate study research agriculture tributary runs campus bridges bridge named president cross river study found high concentrations river believed decaying garbage domestic waste recent efforts river planting banks land grants major land grants provided government philippines land grant land grant acre acquired february located towns real covers portions mountain range hosts university plantations acre land grant situated province western region acquired houses agricultural research center serves research center crops acre located undeveloped numerous parties expressed interest developing land grants proposed projects include construction dams tree farms rubber entertained potential investors lack solid development plan buildings landmarks prominent buildings campus designed known extensive use concrete simplistic designs auditorium named built million million year development program implemented collaboration arts philippines calls clear example distinct architecture notes resemblance cultural center philippines houses art gallery floor area seating capacity largest library holds volumes digital sources serial titles originally built library eventually transferred university successor believed largest agricultural library asia built named hero bells ranging octaves middle middle making second largest non traditional terms number bells non traditional philippines houses offices official student publication aforementioned buildings designed replica philippine referred winged sculpted original metre statue mentor commissioned president sculpture based second stanza spanish farewell replica found major campuses campuses identifying landmark transportation amenities public utility popular means transportation campus drivers required post right left reference direction august new route force new route prohibits access middle campus contains university main buildings promote walking noise air pollution inside campus campus destination passengers drivers estimated change result loss percent loss passengers implementation met protests including transport strike staged students citing lack community consultation implementation plan mayor refused interfere campus served railway station operated currently trains stop station numerous congregations found near include catholic parishes child jesus church amenities include banks including town mall los security provided addition police force local government medical services provided bed hospital specialized facilities diabetes clinic intensive care unit addition emergency operating rooms identified center quality
|
Campus of University of the Philippines Los Baños
|
Social sciences and society
|
Education
|
Education miscellanea
|
14004_HistoryofGeorgetownUniversity
|
history history spans nearly years early settlement america present day grown city washington united_states date founding period georgetown origins establishment maryland colony seventeenth century established school present location american revolution allowed free religious practice role school operation evolved founders faculty advisers focus liberal studies religious helped school identity georgetown affected times including american civil war disrupted growing school significantly changed student body university presidents like modernized institution active research university graduate undergraduate schools oversaw expansion educational opportunities campus city abroad founding history traces formative events school start construction building founding date year copy edit college catalog began construction beginning discovered preparation centennial celebration point correct annual date georgetown foundation fixed date january establishments november set sail british north america leadership financing lord baltimore landing march island marks birth maryland colony anniversary celebrated maryland day joined establishing near means christian education native tribe patronage school wrote superior general society jesus rome pope urban viii september approved institution school principle year moved permanent building early establishment burnt english civil war remaining brought trial england new protestant administration school outlawed functioning managed return known near modern day maryland available house served jesuit existence alerted british authorities school afterward conducted periodically secrecy new jesuit colony attended school left studies europe joined ordained pope ordered suppression jesuit order forcing return maryland right place right time american revolution pushed english administration opening new possibilities expansion georgetown heights returning live maryland established maryland cousin declaration independence invited john join traveling quebec attempt persuade french canadian population join revolution mission unsuccessful association proved useful franklin ambassador france recommended papal paris head june superior missions united_states north_america november authority confirmed elected clergy beginning convened meetings area clergy white marsh outside maryland body known resolved november school erected education youth location school georgetown site influenced experience jesuit colleges europe located urban centers port towns missionary focus march formed fund raising committee formal proposals academy george town maryland district_of_columbia borders wouldn defined passage implementation residence act april georgetown landowner donated plot land ultimately founded april construction began larger neighboring plot georgetown building later called old south leading write shall begin building academy summer academy built hopes success holy religion united_states january completed purchase seventy pounds current money acre half construction started land core georgetown campus result university celebrates date founding difficulty filling position president university candidates declining job took office served months oversaw division academy college preparatory elementary youngest starting age teacher late october student enrolled november classes commenced january students attending year georgetown second building old north survives day began construction times size old south greatly increased number classrooms sleeping space campus building completion george_washington visited spoke porch position reserved presidents early growth early years georgetown suffered considerable financial strain relying private sources funding limited profits local farms donated wealthy landowners farms included african slaves september tuition increased time arrived president brought collection books collection books formed nucleus georgetown library january released advertise college abroad drove school debt hiring numerous new faculty including fencing teachers buying silver school piano board directors organized quickly spending preference french faculty particularly quasi war board forced resign december beginning brother oversaw growth university presidents combined years request appointed bishop invited sisters open monastery georgetown june young georgetown monastery mother began saturday school young women developed academy remained president georgetown succeeded died brother president suppression maryland ended rejoined including commenced series agreements ensure jesuit involvement school rejoined society school began jesuit recruits moving russia society suppression didn seek civil recognition georgetown suppression international society ended instead state charter went federal government charge district_of_columbia congressman sponsored legislation georgetown received federal charter march allowed georgetown grant academic degrees college recipients pair brothers new_york named awarded degree bachelor arts graduate degrees awarded jesuit schools conferred degrees georgetown charter years afterward holy empowered georgetown degrees philosophy theology founder died december age eighty left georgetown pounds sterling marked beginning georgetown construction new building brought hospital beds georgetown school presidents organized sale slaves jesuit owned tobacco plantation maryland louisiana plantation funds sale repay debts recent school expansion later disciplined rome ignoring order families slaves intact slaves shipped domestic slave trade sold primarily sugar cane plantations money found catholic high schools new_york_city philadelphia saw demand urban ministry serve increasing number immigrants europe including catholics ireland june growing school congress president directors georgetown observatory completed determine latitude washington calculation nation capital catholic doctors frustrated felt practices neighboring petitioned georgetown president found medical program building purpose purchased 12th streets founded holding classes following year early student life beginning georgetown intended exclusively catholic years nearly fifth students protestant fifth students caribbean jewish students known attending european immigrants napoleonic war refugees significant parts early student body school rules harshly enforced strict regulated students movements founder accused running georgetown principles convent student organized rebellions georgetown administration period notable occurred january administration school food students damaged took charge local hotel student society lady founded religious group strict revision school rules forbade personal conversations particular associations despite society founded school debating literary society oldest kind america oldest secular group georgetown debating societies founded model opposition later years short lived lasted officially organized oldest military unit native district_of_columbia renamed mask dramatic society world war founded oldest surviving student dramatic society america civil war civil war important tragic time university beginning december society debated southern states debate lasted weeks society affirmed brawl ensued debates canceled rest fist fights campus northern southern students soon common beginning students left studies join war students ultimately enlisted union_army died war enrollment dropped students late georgetown total students percent years earlier seven students graduated decade prior responding lack adequate hospital beds housing soldiers needed protect district union university buildings time president abraham_lincoln visit campus troops stationed temporary quarters established hall june unit replaced new york volunteer infantry occupation ended july unit left fight battle bull run university remained home soldiers remainder war georgetown later connected assassination abraham_lincoln conspirators associations georgetown accompanied booth escape attended school received certificate booth kidnap lincoln attended set booth broken ankle following assassination studied medicine founders medical school doctors treated lincoln night died war drastically changed georgetown making northern catholic increasingly larger student body came northern cities populated catholic immigrants student body primarily southern war dynamic expressed georgetown official school colors boat club school rowing team adopted blue uniform union_army gray uniforms military forces team colors order peaceful unity students north south students georgetown blue gray uniforms team georgetown motto war helped capture unity spirit expansion president african american president predominantly white university influence georgetown far reaching referred school second founder modernized curriculum requiring courses sciences particularly chemistry physics successors sought professional schools university concentrate higher education visible result presidency construction large building begun later named hall honor school law approved march graduated students law department moved 6th far street georgetown raised raise minimum age enrollment raised thirteen focus higher education relocated campus nearby maryland fully separated remained attached university campus independently run occasionally share facilities numerous new schools founded twentieth century founded prepare students leadership foreign commerce diplomacy organized created new developments came established campus georgetown obtained integrated medical school began undergraduate medical program new completed classes moved main campus separated independent unit october congress passed bill recognized school time bill effect referred georgetown college point known branch university library completed bringing space rapidly growing library collection following completion bernard hall law school moved present location 1st streets borders 1960s saw major changes administration student body female students admitted founding university available women limited basis wasn welcomed female students academic year georgetown fully rituals long tolerated administration banned student brought suit school injuries sustained president phased restrictions attendance african americans black undergraduate formed georgetown named black member largely product substantial changes 1980s moved new home edward center championship georgetown men basketball team helped household stars georgetown ended year president subsequently launched build school december georgetown completed campaign joining universities worldwide raise billion single fund drive campaign supported financial aid academic chair new capital projects university decided close following class financial reasons number dental students dropped nationwide supplies equipment school sent colombia folded college october renamed honor alumnus moved newly constructed added health related majors georgetown lay president led school continued financial modernization sought expand opportunities dialogue october began studying feasibility opening campus non profit proposed idea opened universities education city development year georgetown began hosting week workshop shanghai china later developed formal connection georgetown opened liaison office january collaboration founded annual building bridges brings global religious leaders georgetown effort promote religious theological center georgetown campus center contemporary arab studies opened september grants egypt center muslim christian understanding opened million grant prince center renamed begun initiative grant launched independent organization additionally opened new campus fictional depictions georgetown major world university featured media years prominent example horror novel written received english degree georgetown novel loosely based series conducted fourteen year old boy nearby maryland missouri novel film titled like novel film set georgetown filmed campus fall semester climatic scene uses steep staircase canal road previously know popularly steps appeal film release called steps pack film revolved group students graduated georgetown bar film takes place based tombs bar restaurant known large student rowing located block georgetown gates historic university owned house georgetown denied producers rights film campus parts film shot nearby additionally destination characters films rim save dance election girl door television shows filmed scenes campus film written georgetown alumnus main character nemesis said named professor victorian literature georgetown
|
History of Georgetown University
|
Social sciences and society
|
Education
|
Education miscellanea
|
14316_ReallyAchievingYourChildhoodDreams
|
achieving childhood dreams achieving childhood dreams referred lecture lecture given computer science professor september received large media coverage basis lecture new_york_times best selling book authored wall_street_journal reporter diagnosed cancer september september underwent remove august doctors discovered cancer given terminal diagnosis told expect remaining months good health lecture upbeat humorous alternating insights computer science engineering education advice building multi disciplinary collaborations working groups interacting people offering inspirational life lessons performing push ups stage commented irony lecture series recently renamed journeys thought damn finally nailed venue renamed finished lecture behalf collaborating development alice pledged honor creating memorial scholarship women computer science recognition support women engineering professor lecture received attention recognition american media news sources world video speech internet sensation viewed million times month delivery social networking sites youtube google video myspace facebook gave version speech october april abc network aired hour long feature entitled lecture love story life days death cancer july abc aired tribute remembering life famous lecture background previous lectures known lectures previous jobs previous career associate professor worked electronic arts known lecture importance making technology friendly users demonstrated point presenting wise known video cassette recorder hard program smashing known lecture time management delivered venue achieving childhood dreams lecture journeys lecture series conducted included speakers university president series lectures focused university staff members discussing professional journeys decisions challenges faced terminal cancer time gave lecture cancer patient interview stated felt learned doctors performed scan check underwent surgery procedure try stop growth body later proved unsuccessful doctors removed parts small parts stomach proceeded begin experimental radiation treatment possibly increase chances survival years percent began radiation treatments november stopped felt good health finishing july august tests conducted showed free cancer late august year informed readers website cancer returned saying recent scan showed liver small doctors aggressive seen doctors estimated months good health left live based lecture generic lecture given professors idea imagining want legacy chance share knowledge world previously lecture series titled lecture renamed series journeys staff talk professional experiences offered lecture time diagnosed cancer received news months left live unsuccessful treatment nearly cancelled lecture terminal cancer discussed issue wife decided final chance share thoughts world compared final scene natural main character injury old age hit final home run speech inspiration diagnosed cancer originally going lecture based generic academic style lecture talk explained earlier expecting cancer play decision think subject speech constantly speech organizers event organizers told august month lecture poster printed needed decide subject immediately week told cancer terminal nearly canceled lecture hearing news deciding speech stay home family order set live normal life following death discussed matter wife requested stay home suggested spending time left children giving speech workplace decided explaining children remember seeing lecture speech achieving childhood dreams delivered september auditorium students staff members friends attended lecture leaving standing room auditorium hold later commented interview saying couple people room looking listening laughing hopefully appropriate times gives lot kids lot people believe lot people knew believe best try live way introduction speech series lectures given vice education explained university aforementioned lecture series called journeys professors share insights professional personal experiences years introduced vice president addition close friend worker sea bolt began joke referring joke bet people attend lecture saying depending version story hear owes dollars new began introduction talking academic achievements previous career concluded introduction describing qualities saying dedication making world better place self evident crossed paths described accomplishments affected wife children turned speech greeted standing ovation walked standing ovation tried stop applause audience sit begin speech commenting earn member audience responded commented irony lecture series lecture series renamed journeys wonderful didn tell lecture series called lecture lecture died thought damn finally nailed venue renamed beginning lecture explained story having cancer having months live joke saying best shape life better audience proceeding series push ups stage speaking talked cover lecture included family children religion spirituality terminal cancer cancer childhood dreams went speech explaining childhood dreams accomplished tried accomplish explained childhood family life 1960s stated good childhood going family archive photographs found picture smiling pictures shown projection including dreaming explained inspired apollo lunar landing transitioned slide contained list childhood dreams explained dreams zero gravity playing national_football_league author world book encyclopedia article captain guys won big stuffed animals amusement park disney explained dream zero gravity child dream inspired stayed adult computer science professor learned program nasa allows college students air nasa uses arcs simulate feeling faculty members allowed called brick wall faced present web journalist local media allowed proceeded begin talking second childhood dream playing national_football_league player national_football_league spoke childhood experiences pop affected life taught lessons moved dream publishing article world book encyclopedia child kept read world book encyclopedia home progressed career leading professors field virtual reality world book called interested writing encyclopedia currently article virtual reality world book encyclopedia authored explained dream like captain star trek series slide showing like meeting captain explained realized things eventually changed goal meeting actor played captain written book science star trek gone help virtual reality section book met worked purpose concluded section story disney achieving goal guys wins stuffed animals carnival wife children enabling dreams explaining childhood dreams began second speech enabled dreams decided professor reflected speech better job enable childhood dreams people mentioned working probably close second told audience realized enable dreams students interested joining research group asked childhood dream talking joining team responded dream work star wars film worked virtual reality team helped try achieve dream moved entire team moved offered job creator star wars eventually worked star wars films phantom menace attack clones revenge led conduct virtual reality class teach help realize childhood dreams course students university separated random teams assigned project relating building virtual world group weeks work project presented project group teams new project began project evolved people came watch helped students realize potential finally gave words advice achieve childhood dreams role models trying conclusion finished lecture behalf collaborating development alice pledged honor creating memorial scholarship women computer science recognition support women engineering university president called contributions university education remarkable stunning announced build raised pedestrian bridge named honor contributions university world connected new building symbol way linked areas finally professor followed lecture speech praising courage leadership calling role model post speech media coverage named person week abc september lecture attracted wide attention international media internet hit viewed million times month delivery october appeared discussed situation lecture millions viewers october joined day regular practice organization learned childhood dreams mentioned lecture play national_football_league devoted star trek fan invited film director film role latest star trek movie heard condition sent personal mail inviting set happily accepted traveled los_angeles california shoot scene addition appearing film line dialogue donated charity april abc network aired hour long feature entitled lecture love story life july abc aired follow lecture special remembering book disney owned publisher paid million rights publish book called lecture authored wall_street_journal reporter lecture explained speech events led according publisher book flesh speech deal mortality live death imminent book received eventually earning number spot new_york_times bestseller list advice category week june book remained new_york_times bestseller list straight weeks
|
Really Achieving Your Childhood Dreams
|
Social sciences and society
|
Education
|
Education miscellanea
|
15498_UniversityofVirginiaGreeklife
|
life life encompasses collegiate greek organizations grounds virginia greek life university began 1850s establishment number system expanded include professional organizations service honor cultural organizations greek system significant history history university greek system includes founding alpha national roughly student body belongs social fraternity additional students involved professional service honor university residential meaning rent house members use houses located rugby road surrounding streets north university additionally social hold reserved rooms lawn range room east lawn room west lawn alpha room west range reflecting tradition student self governance system currently governed consisting student leaders overseen university office dean students history greek life began decades school establishment time social life university fixed debating societies defunct instance initially membership nearly equal size student body 1850s began appear assumed significant role student body social landscape following decades university birthplace national saw fraternity chapters chartered twentieth century saw system expand include professional social local black moving 2000s new social greek organizations founded organizations began rise prominence 1800s debating societies secret societies creation decades following founding university major student societies grounds debating societies societies notably jefferson literary active today debating societies longer existence served primary means student societal activity early days university decade civil war established chapters university delta founded secret colony remains active day faculty originally creation years behavior students attacks faculty according university historian faculty feared orderly spirit student body acting segments organized secret bands despite objections chapter founded greek followed said generally early secret aspect operation meeting location membership kept secret case modern original grounds meant provide social engagement promote close ties members fraternity growth interrupted civil war men southern colleges halted studies join confederate army fraternity chapters ceased exist time students efforts preserve war continued member joined brothers universities form fraternity created chapter meant preserve bonds fraternity war promote ties north south ensure fraternity continued existence expansion fraternity life resumed war eighteen grounds began share social spotlight ribbon societies university founded reaction social ribbon societies originally meant increase social involvement students eventually took political role university particularly prestigious mainly pulling membership election societies considered high honor despite social competition continued grow university founding alpha fraternity alpha founded sunday evening march west range march exactly year alpha chapter formed beta chapter alpha founded expanding fraternity proved difficult civil war disorganized southern colleges colleges banned formation secret societies decade decline alpha founded sydney convention held room originally organized fraternity constitutional provision remained southern fraternity alpha officially declared national organization originally alpha membership restricted white men race restriction removed founding fraternity december students met east lawn founded fraternity established fraternity based traditions ancient order middle ages founders collectively known initiated transform struggling local fraternity strong international brotherhood thanks jackson work expanded washington large international fraternity active chapters colonies north_america early 1900s residences professional women beginning twentieth century fraternity system continued expand rapid pace university newspapers questioned increase number end fraternity chapters founded time longer exist university chapters active founded time time began purchase construct houses late 1800s dedicated houses instead inhabited residential areas scattered grounds near lawn boarding houses north university university offered land lease loan construct fraternity house followed located north rugby road madison lane surrounding streets houses cost build drew inspiration historic buildings residences elements architecture houses styled closely resemble famous buildings area house modeled house modeled built purchased rented house members turn century greek organizations appeared grounds university chapter beta founded promoting scholarship fields study different schools specific honor professional societies delta law department medicine chemistry chapter engineering society founded founded local fraternity engineering students dominated student government time fielding competing candidates student office likewise college dominated skull keys greek organizations half twentieth century women established university admitted women graduate programs undergraduate women allowed university later graduate women came female greek organizations referred alternately women establish chapter university chapter founded chapter followed chapter established years later inauguration president university year students prohibited joining restriction later eased semester prohibition place today time percent students members grounds critical behavior arguing report groups failed uphold interests university community provide leadership expected additionally university leaders condemned treatment houses extremely run members tens thousands dollars donations alumni houses improvements disappear years despite administrators concerns problem addressed university created later subsidiary manages properties number fraternity houses late 1900s african american 1970s saw great greek system university membership earlier began increase size nearly percent years joined highest percentage school history increased membership came behavior 1970s annual parties originated 1800s formal dances sponsored ribbon societies began particularly wild annual affair evolved weekend long celebration flood mad bowl surrounding areas creating huge mud pits event estimated people come east_coast pack mad bowl students washing mud led drainage systems university entire flooded eventually tradition university terminated african americans originally admitted university mid-1950s attended 1970s time generally racially segregated student fraternity committee emphasized rejection racial discrimination fraternity black african american soon established chapters university presented service organizations traditional social organizations mid-1970s black students invited join heavily white preferred join organizations fall black black established chapters grounds allowed women undergraduate programs effectively university led rapid establishment social university end 1970s chapters university chartered 1980s established govern increasing number grounds founded continue tradition student self governance similar university function organization named mimic established meant emphasize women equality fraternity men later voted formally associate national governing body social despite change university retained historical heritage onward rise decade 2000s saw quick rise number organizations asian interest chapters founded alpha delta respectively university latino fraternity chapter founded later year organizations founded meant organize newly created organizations group renamed council exists day creation additional cultural grown total organizations decided admit local affiliated national organization time local existed prior time permitted join years prior delta national organization decided ban alcohol consumption chapter houses chapter broke away national organization created local organization later renamed society debate society admitted recognized university local fraternity society viewed continuation delta fraternity existed prior maintains house established chapter university concerning alcohol consumption greek system expansion new groups continued local fraternity gender inclusive fraternity recognized university governance greek organizations university recognition university policy prevents national directly establishing chapter university instead interested group students establish interest group petition establishment obtain sponsorship greek councils sponsorship obtained group enters provisional phase process point interest group contact national fraternity begin process establishing colony chapter successful completion provisional phase organization granted membership chosen order maintain formal relationship university greek organization annually complete university recognize greek organizations permits organizations exist signing signing grants additional benefits organizations including ability use certain university spaces join greek council greek councils councils oversee functions member organizations greek organizations members organizations independent councils mainly organizations professional honor societies traditionally student allowed join social fraternity students normally allowed join independent mainly professional honor organizations addition social fraternity greek councils follows oldest greek councils founded oversees social led governing board elected brothers member works consists fraternity chapter presidents govern fraternity community governing body majority social founded entirely student run consists member formed unite traditionally black organizations grounds originally known established charter fraternity renamed national member organizations include total male female confused national governing body social youngest greek councils comprises greek organizations grounds founded composed total single sex organizations organizations emphasizes particular race culture particularly asian latino culture organizations certain cultural emphasis membership generally open students race controversies rolling_stone article fraternity system focus significant national scrutiny publication article december issue rolling_stone_magazine entitled rape campus authored article alleged september group male fraternity members university attacked raped female student initiation rite party university chapter psi article asserted university sexual assault policies severely lacking university administration handle sexual assault cases appropriately article attracted significant media attention national headlines leading suspension university greek system investigation article claims investigations quickly revealed numerous inconsistencies raised questions article january officials told university investigation revealed substantive basis confirm allegations raised rolling_stone article occurred psi reason suspended january president acknowledged rolling_stone story officially suspended month investigation march stating evidence gang rape taking place substantive basis support account alleged rolling_stone article april published report calling rolling_stone article failure criticizing magazine actions day rolling_stone officially retracted article issued multiple story social large number social list includes active male identify primarily social organizations opposed professional service honor organizations originally founded earlier university history went inactive later cases establishment date reflects date fraternity original charter granted social addition social large number social list includes active female identify primarily social organizations opposed professional service honor organizations female greek organizations refer women included list service professional honor societies chapters numerous greek organizations primary focus social offer social events addition service academic events membership professional generally open student studying profession membership requirements honor societies demanding require specific academic achievements service professional honor societies defunct inactive organizations number organizations historically existed university currently active chapters extant national organizations chapter inactive local longer existence longer active entire national organization extinct listed alpha alpha
|
University of Virginia Greek life
|
Social sciences and society
|
Education
|
Education miscellanea
|
15785_EducationinMalta
|
education malta education malta compulsory age sixteen offered different providers state church private sector state responsible promoting education instruction ensuring universal access education citizens existence system schools institutions accessible citizens objectives education malta include intellectual moral development preparation citizen contribute national economy citizens access education arab occupation arrival number religious orders following centuries brought religious based education island wealthy families arrival knights saw establishment number primary secondary post secondary institutions established education malta universally available primary level knights french state funded elementary schooling established english replaced italian primary language instruction education compulsory response number children attending school poverty world wars age education compulsory lowered years malta educational system structured stages pre primary ages primary ages secondary ages pre primary education optional fully funded state years primary education students placed tracks based educational age students sit plus examination determine student secondary schooling direction success plus exam places student junior prestigious secondary school mediocre performance sitting examination places student competitive secondary school secondary education certificate sec examinations taken age examinations taken age determine university entrance eligibility primary students secondary students post secondary students students students enrolled educational courses malta approximately cent malta primary secondary school students enrolled private schools operated catholic_church malta highest post secondary institution operated history education malta dates period arab occupation introduction arabic arrival minor brought religious based education island members groups asked serve private children wealthy parents later moved set classes instruction italian latin established result direct order pope institution number flourished including grammar school preparatory school institutions study naval architecture navigation addition public options possible hire private number different areas including accounting philosophy navigation languages period education wealth non existent 16th century philosophy theology grammar taught following europe temporary recovery grand master knights appointed new lecturer anatomy surgery essentially establishing medical school knights brought reformation educational system traditional ideals knights revolutionary ideals french private schooling banned elementary schooling introduced funded state adult education introduced gradual introduction universal education primary school students ideal born french revolution private schools abolished traditional association catholic_church institution rejected involved revolution addition napoleon abolished days knights decision reversed british ejected french following year malta fell jurisdiction united_kingdom attempts adjust malta institutions british style 1st education effectively compulsory till age elementary schooling changed british model schools opened village education free charge mode language education delivery changed following publication reports matter italian language education replaced instruction english language use encouraged primary years english language education delivered stages education following primary school debate continued 1930s language education italian english world war interwar years world war widespread poverty malta prevented children lower classes pursuing basic education favor staying home assist parents agricultural work income earning activities counteract phenomenon education declared compulsory malta independent nation new education act passed lowering compulsory education age years educational decision making establishing right person apply licence open school reinstated statistics primary students secondary students post secondary students students students enrolled educational courses malta approximately cent students school age attend private schools operated catholic_church cent population years age completed secondary school cent population considered malta ranks equal eleventh world national scale compulsory education period malta years age introduction education act increase years age year school attendance compulsory enrolled act enrollment compulsory years age compulsory school attendance introduced students enrolled compulsory schooling applied males females existence structure school education schooling compulsory age free charge available students beginning age approximately cent year olds attend number private operators exist free state run institutions popular state run required staff member present children present ratio decreases independently run institutions years focus play formal education students transition primary school compulsory age state run primary schools educational independent schools following suit church run primary schools usually single sex classes usually limit thirty students minimum teacher student ratio set schools state run church run independent formal end year examinations commence starting year class streaming arrangements following year students examined english mathematics religion social studies despite fact plus examinations highlight inequality failures recognized ineffective educational tools experts malta exams year pupils turned years age plus exam given students determine students attend secondary schools students tested english language language mathematics social studies religion optional faith taught schools cent year old students sat plus exam percent pass year students achieving success plus exam attend prestigious junior secondary years whilst attend area secondary schools similar operation system united_kingdom following world war state run junior area secondary schools single sex junior divided grade stages stage introductory stage runs years secondary schooling students study essentially subjects limited curriculum options order provide good grounding future studies following year introductory cycle year specialist stage occurs students study common core curriculum number subjects orientation similar area secondary schools introductory period longer years duration final specialist period shorter years staff student ratio set school leaving age examinations secondary schools taken age final optional set examinations examinations taken age sec exams operated ordinary level secondary certificate examination examinations taken enabling entry university certificate examinations based examinations replaced advanced levels day day operation number students travel school nation bus network free state school students use schools malta generally begin school day finish school year commenced september conclude june students receive days holidays november days holidays christmas days holidays march days holidays april addition public holidays school students receive highest number days school students europe days academic year non school days days european average virtually state schools run shops secondary schools home state schools provide textbooks free charge students private schools generally require students pay textbooks enabling change textbooks textbook editions frequently primary schools computers printer large monitor teacher computer classrooms secondary schools specialised rooms necessary teach subjects average students enrolled primary school class average rising secondary school classes primary school teachers expected hours week english mathematics hour week science hours weeks arts crafts hours week social studies hour minutes week social studies half hours week physical education religion state school secondary level set local examination bodies education education act provide free university education eligible residents sufficient qualifications entry funding constraints offers courses year order course offerings funding usage students currently study university bachelor degree courses run years including law common law countries educational management administration state run education malta administered national level government minister education empowered orders legal notices relating administration education country minister education appointed president advice prime minister responsible number education related government functions operation schools libraries education country national government department responsible education malta headed permanent secretary responsible setting number annual nationwide examinations managing human resources malta educational system selecting school textbook lists students schools based area managing ministry educational finances promoting number cultural sporting social activities malta currently aim having schools managed local level exception currently occurring educational management process regional administration education malta limited island maintain form regional educational administration manages education malta responsible island teaching staff local authorities malta numerous official ties malta educational system donate local schools maintain building structures teacher development primary secondary school teachers begin teacher education gaining honours typically takes years study achieve gain entry university study primary secondary education students meet university general entry requirements number special course requirements university students seeking enter teaching profession qualified gaining certificate education years professional teaching practice generally required minister education grant temporary warrant teach valid year person minister believes ability teach country teachers entering workforce paid minimum year experienced teachers paid year received minimum year teaching staff malta worked state schools
|
Education in Malta
|
Social sciences and society
|
Education
|
Education miscellanea
|
16095_APStatistics
|
stats college level high school statistics course offered united_states program course equivalent semester non based introductory college statistics course normally offered seniors high school recent additions exam administered supplement program math offerings previously consisted united_states enrollment classes increased higher rate class students receive college credit upper level college course placement successful completion hour exam administered exam consists multiple choice section free response section minutes long section weighted equally determining students composite scores history advanced placement program offered students opportunity pursue college level courses high school administered exam course taught students academic year prior mathematics courses offered program included students didn strong background college level math found program inaccessible declined math course senior year number students required statistics college large number students required decided add introductory statistics course program program doesn require mathematical concepts typically taught second year course program math offerings accessible wider audience high school students program addressed practical need number students majors use statistics grown total students took exam administration highest number students exam year number students taking exam rapidly grew making largest exams course course provided school students normally junior senior year decide concurrently pre course offering intended imitate semester non based college statistics course high schools decide offer course semester academic year member responsible developing curriculum appointed committee consists college statistics teachers high school statistics teachers typically asked serve terms years curriculum emphasis placed actual conceptual understanding interpretation course curriculum organized basic themes involves exploring data covers exam students expected use graphical numerical techniques analyze data including data second theme involves planning conducting study covers exam students aware methods data collection sampling experimentation sorts conclusions drawn results theme involves probability role anticipating patterns data theme covers exam fourth theme covers exam involves statistical point confidence intervals significance tests exam course curriculum exam developed help college professors committee creates large pool possible questions pre tested college students taking statistics courses test refined appropriate level difficulty clarity responsible printing exam structure exam offered year students expected list common statistical related descriptive statistics probability statistics provided tables normal student squared given students expected use statistical capabilities exam hours long ninety minutes allotted complete sections multiple choice free response multiple choice portion exam consists questions possible answers free response section contains open ended questions long divided multiple parts questions require minutes answer normally relate topic category sixth question consists broad ranging investigative task require approximately minutes answer grading multiple choice section scored immediately exam computer point awarded correct answer points credited unanswered questions points longer having incorrect answer students answers free response section reviewed early june readers include high school college statistics teachers gathered designated location readers use pre assess answers normally grade question given exam question graded scale representing complete response communication clarity answers receive lot emphasis grading sections weighted equally composite score calculated composite score reported scale score highest possible textbooks moore practice statistics enhanced isbn retrieved stats modeling world 3rd isbn retrieved introduction statistics 3rd learning isbn retrieved statistics action understanding world data isbn inc isbn teaching guides teaching statistics data washington gordon florence statistics century washington moore thomas teaching statistics resources undergraduate instructors washington principles standards school mathematics
|
AP Statistics
|
Social sciences and society
|
Education
|
Education miscellanea
|
16454_GeorgiaTechtraditions
|
traditions numerous legends traditions established school opening persisted decades time school grown trade school large research university traditions reflect heritage tech early years steam whistle blows minutes hour hour blows minutes hour reason faculty newspaper named whistle traditions known notable banned tradition stealing tech tower tech tower tech historic primary administrative building letters tech hanging atop sides number times students orchestrated complex plans steal huge symbolic letter occasion carried act successfully especially known tradition existed nearly school establishment clean old fashioned hate heated long standing ongoing rivalry known hostilities schools trace legends originated tech present fictional student created student filled application forms went lead long life earned degrees fought world war won time person year award known largest margin victory football game achieved cumberland football game traditions stealing tech historic primary administrative building tech tower letters tech hanging atop sides students occasions orchestrated complex plans scale tech tower steal huge symbolic letter building stolen april secret group students calling magnificent seven students inspired similar prank taken place harvard_university planned theft means commemorating institute president retirement returned days later helicopter behest atlanta mayor following successful returned halftime homecoming football game returned lawn president mansion student achievement celebrated tradition stolen facing east easily seen downtown connector administration turn blind eye practice officially discouraged risk fatal falls potential damage building criminal activity theft recent years offense perpetrators today face fine repair damages building minimum semester long suspension attempting feat outright expulsion security features security cameras pressure sensitive roof fiber running letters added help prevent theft aid catching perpetrators successfully stolen group seven people morning june location unknown members fraternity beta caught suspended attempt steal october replica stolen returned days later despite lack physical danger involved stealing spare theft strongly criticized recent successful theft occurred spring break march time successfully stolen wreck term wreck refers current students alumni school mascot sports teams alumni working construction panama canal called ingenious machines devised transport panama devices creators nicknamed term applied graduate current student actual wreck acquired associate dean students wreck mascot reference field ford teams called wreck fight song wreck begins lyrics wreck hell engineer song sung sporting events official school functions end graduation ceremony whistle steam whistle blows minutes hour hour tradition hold trade school days originally mark end shift shops mark end classes minute warning beginning classes blown football team scores touchdown wins game spring whistle blows remembrance ceremony popular stealing whistle stolen times tech whistle installed late 1890s stolen whistle returned retirement gift second theft whistle occurred group students nicknamed magnificent stole whistle repercussions group returned whistle spring whistle stolen group nicknamed whistle stolen times whistle returned immediately theft whistle given student body president graduation gift month theft theft solved president found whistle lawn day theft current steam whistle located near tech tower built installed faculty newspaper named whistle hell georgia ongoing rivalry simply called georgia short rivalry called clean old fashioned hate columnist supporter annual issue institute newspaper technique focuses rivalry issue newspaper dig rival school technique typically refer university sic georgia shortened sic articles hell georgia abbreviated known good word produced history georgia student asks word good word response hell georgia asked bout old tagline expression correct answer rat caps year number notably marching band wear gold caps known rat caps football game rat short recruit tech recently begun incorrectly recently acquired tech students recently acquired rat caps decorated football team scores freshman hometown major expected graduation date hell georgia cap important hell capital letters georgia students intend utilize cooperative education program circle button cap fill completed involvement tradition began required wear rat caps day thanksgiving weekend game won end school year lost tech play year allowed stop wearing caps homecoming game victory team lost previously stated rules applied caught wearing cap faced varying degrees including having hair shaved shape letter cut anti laws 1960s led virtual elimination tradition use rat caps actively maintained marching band rat rules enforced particular club presented july edition technique rules listed rat wear rat cap proper inscription times mandatory rat cap worn sundays know school songs wreck cheers attend participate rat sings speak proud association school fellow students enter campus post office school days wear high school letters campus junior junior restaurant located tech tower restaurant opened originally located corner drive changed junior moved locations twice junior moved location bradley building forced old location need construct apartments summer olympics owned operated tech restaurant housed pieces tech history including aerial photographs campus years memorabilia portraits prominent individuals tech history section tech national championship game junior closed april citing slow business reason homecoming celebration held year institute return campus festivities institute traditions themed homecoming festivities lead saturday football contest events usually lead greek sports tournaments followed freshman cake race year student body individuals excelled academics tech campus titles changed homecoming king queen request homecoming organized hosted homecoming celebration ended game win streak homecoming contests tech homecoming football games mini mini race held homecoming year requires teams complete laps parking deck east campus men complete laps women complete mandatory pit stops tire rotated times course race average weighs average year old car allowed support frame race traces roots early 1960s fraternity forced ride campus form race eventually rules instituted mini instant classic wreck parade wreck parade parade classic cars engineering held homecoming football game classes vehicles participate competition class known simply classic cars vehicles certain age limit currently years second class known fixed bodies vehicles normal cars modified retaining original drive train themed distinctly different prohibited pseudo displaying class category vehicles feature drive trains completely fabricated students ranging propulsion pulse jet engines vehicles feature indirect drive system judged creativity effective operation wreck parade dates technique began old ford race athens race deemed unsafe administration parade created subdue student protests parade run year years american fuel shortage caused world war stopped parade parade renewed human powered gasoline power allowed freshman cake race freshman cake race foot race stadium takes place sunrise morning homecoming game distance half mile crowd participants engages mad sprint relatively short distance race runs middle campus greek sector subject fraternity students competitors supposed students hours credit race split gender winners receive baked faculty alumni students participants receive winners receive kiss homecoming half time race began cross country race winners received wives mothers women affiliated tech race initially mandatory students spirit organizations club founded help bolster school spirit coach found campus spirit particularly low great depression successful football program athletic teams student fans attending games alexander approached professor organizing founding club agreed task helped facilitate freshman cake race helped organize wreck strict student enforcement rat rules maintained prestige political power campus late charge school wide failed properly organize event major event reputation severely staged ditch effort traditions club july club disbanded new arrived campus student body concerned traditions lost disbandment new traditions club actively pursued rich tech tradition new new club established late july order business new stage meeting traditions review new designed prevent political domination individual social membership limited individuals fraternity military program group known charged rat rules incoming years tech non faith based organization campus admit female member club female member strict rat rules slowly faded away anti laws severely diminished ability punish tech rat rules club given duty given charge wreck following disbandment member known elected annually drive wreck grant field football games school functions group attempts bee costume donned sported bee costume home basketball games rallies clad hero named man faithful sidekick patrolled campus search opposing fans man perform spirit rallies home basketball games seen riding wreck man anonymous member mysterious disappearance today oversees homecoming traditions freshman cake race mini wreck parade serves bridge student body organizing cheering section rallies sections spirit related events bull dog club honor society created originally social branch tech major role cross country races eventually evolved freshman cake race admitted rising seniors ranks order maintain prestige honor club rise institute prominence lead eventual demise particular emphasis campus wide sporting events utilized cake race ties order coordinate athletic playing fields aided spirit tradition campus aiding judging homecoming queen selection homecoming dance planning despite roles homecoming celebrations coordination primary focus 1960s planning placed official institute control disbanded homecoming duties student government student musical groups fielded home athletic events musicians receive scholarships participating bands meaning bands composed entirely volunteers home football game away games include member marching band performing dead ball time half time bands field smaller bands home basketball ice hockey games bands known follow teams special events bowl games basketball tournaments ice hockey band particular travels savannah year cup band richest traditions campus including strict enforcement rat caps year band members matter actual year college bands formed led lead group graduation succeeded student named continued footsteps wrote versions wreck professional band director roman noted writing tech white gold roman wreck led bands death roman seven professional band directors directors varying levels success longevity spirit group consisting students found seated north end zone home football games court basketball games started robinson club increase student participation stands members began group increased members currently members strong members donate fund given gold shirts football basketball season popular traditions members running seating general admission reserved seats members run gate opened best seats display performed home football game students section formed organization known idea section group organize efforts conceived members fraternity support section featured highly coordinated images original sections completely voluntary maintains tradition mandatory requirement member group paint entire bodies yellow spelling witty phrases black letters chest painted fans attend home football game located south end zone occasionally attend home basketball sporting events group origins football season group guys painted homecoming game favored second games jackets upset tradition started passed residents defunct member given unique face design retired graduation group considered official club members bow charters affiliated pride complete lack clothing yellow wig gym shorts group sits course football game halftime largest gathering occurred football game rival tech students painted event fight songs white gold white gold victory drop battle axe georgia head meet team sure beat old farm sound till bow rip air battle georgia team found yellow jackets wreck wreck fight song composition based son lyrics based old english scottish drinking song wreck played score directly field goal safety preceded white gold touchdown football game frequently basketball games title refers tech nickname tech students sons tech arise banner reigns supreme high white gold waves triumphant spirit cheering joy revealing brotherhood praise song memory days gone hearts shall forever fly thoughts dear thee prayer victory victory share battle vain spirits joy pain union lasting bond united till victory life won football game home basketball game fans perform unusual dance end 3rd quarter football second television basketball dance simple motion person motion heads familiar team horses performed tune old additional lyrics follows said mile road race dean george griffin mile road race run annually spring campus longest continually running races atlanta named honor tenure track cross country coach race founder alumnus mac anderson class race miles long expanded miles race distance slightly shortened kilometers attract runners race tradition ghost run sign participants pay fee shirt run race run tyler brown mile trail mile running course lit areas campus designated disc shaped markers maps way president ran daily pushed heavily lit safe running trail killed action iraq september trail completed december dedicated honor april legends yellow jackets term refer students sports teams early 1890s fans wear yellow jackets sporting events support early teams early football teams lacking gold fabric wore yellow told atlanta constitution wanted teams referred october november portrayed football player attacked words somebody going time time sports teams referred initially impromptu student volunteer official cheerleader requires intense process buzz character model new emblem designed legendary imaginary tech student enrolled said possess nearly degree offers students took variety classes student receiving enrollment forms enrolled attended names obtained got master world war went harvard joined 1960s students managed institute computers tech switched online class registration took course offered term initially vigorously searching institute accepted presence year class common tool school events games usually gets stadium public address system away sporting events football team coached trophy named defeated cumberland largest margin victory college football history cumberland total net minus play positive yards cumberland record scored time got ball page cumberland web site says scored offensive play play play posted site indicates cumberland beat baseball team previous year reportedly help professional players cumberland hired act apparently infuriated score victories virginia college football virginia won seven games raced ranking polls undefeated came beat second field goal victory set celebrations atlanta culminated students breaking closed road game weekend tearing common victory celebration game played home field went champion national champion colorado season included colorado fifth game missouri virginia season downhill going finish ranked year teams come game high hopes hosted undefeated pulled upset time jackets came touchdowns survived yard field goal miss time ran time teams met rankings bowl positions line fans rallying cry similar miami fans wide right sideways dog sideways march august black white female thrown car near campus injuries left rear portions body alignment caused walk center leading nickname favorite students slept different room night fed student body dining hall classes sleep boring lectures sideways died accidentally rat poison rooms buried grounds near southeast corner tech tower plaque marks resting spot briefly tells story reads sideways faithful true companion student body tech recently rotated degrees clockwise shown picture right sideways death life bear defeating california golden bears rose bowl game tech jack acquired live bear california brought bear tech raised bear atlanta bear habit drinking beer atlanta lot complaints arrests local police agreed cage left tech campus acquired tech offered class called required graduation students class developed coach located world war taught students float water extended periods time bound swim yards underwater water survival skills time considered prime example difficulty tech curriculum referred students drowning said official secret society campus founding selected seniors exhibit true love campus involvement compassion fellow students according website members publicly selected semi annual dances tapped shoulder membership society secret members reach graduation publicly announced technique work society conducted anonymously members seeking recognition service claims hand establishing technique blueprint club tech peaceful integration called official title stems fact campus bordered south school earlier years operated like trade school students working day machine shop day classrooms today humorous manner campus sells shirts bearing institute called institute nicknames university college institute divided schools called colleges field study football team played homecoming game students seen wearing gold shirts said screw fear mocking miami tradition called football programs university school service getting getting generally refers rigorous academic difficulty curriculum physical manifestation phrase shaft like structure near shape structure invites designation device ratio ratio capitalized refers traditionally high ratio male female students ratio capitalized students felt certain women stuck attention overwhelming number males students behavior female scenario tech bitch syndrome short women term claim labeled term warrant analysis term getting getting refers graduating graduates typically got graduated students alumni alma mater hill nickname given tech academic administration historic district tech administrative buildings built actual hill atlanta campus expanded surrounding lower terrain hill prominent sight campus term typically referring administration tech interim president blog titled notes hill refers nickname hill refers steep students refer freshman hill residents trek order attend class climb referred freshman located
|
Georgia Tech traditions
|
Social sciences and society
|
Education
|
Education miscellanea
|
17372_Flocabulary
|
brooklyn based company creates educational hip hop songs videos additional materials students grades founded company takes approach teaching vocabulary united_states history math science subjects integrating content recorded raps website features videos lesson plans activities assessments company emphasized outreach schools business decisions schools use products classroom praised rapper historian company products generally received press project criticized perceived cultural politically charged material song lyrics history conceived idea high school inspired hip hop artists like tribe called quest harrison wanted combine easy hip hop lyrics educational content harrison graduated degree english moved san_francisco met music graduate harrison shared idea demo recording songs combined total sat words months songs available free streaming soon afterward harrison set website published books distributed sell book borders stores hip hop approach sold copies year publication reprinted times went promotional tour concerts schools early began self publishing products harrison raised family friends began visiting schools education conferences sell products entered contest businesses won social value award participating collaborative business advice program columbia students decided stop self publishing returned raised investors hired sales representatives september line products released called word teaching standardized test vocabulary word proved successful helped double annual revenue release shakespeare featured musical lyrical contributions number hip hop artists including 9th wonder harrison created week rap weekly series songs covered current events including presidential election results annual revenue says access products priority saying wanted reach kids families weren buying books according social responsibility core value company let overshadowed revenue goals trying affordable possible unfortunately schools money aren necessarily schools need trying work government organizations charities schools need non profitable social projects included charitable donations outreach schools september use postponed teachers voiced concern lyrics program lyrics song old dead white men drew complaints referring founding fathers united_states dead white males term criticize perceived emphasis contributions historical european males lyrics compare policy indian removal responded materials meant students engaged promote discussion company replaced song site said educated quick scheme historical context accuracy said independent studies demonstrate rapping social studies educational rapping sex particularly noted saw song let freedom ring june raised million note company produced educational rap videos reception notes catchy songs hook students way textbooks reporter wall_street_journal visited classrooms remarked grade teachers asked questions videos vocabulary problem wasn getting children raise hands reporter writes lesson supplement gets job memory tool comments like youtube academics west endorsed reported use increased sat scores principle said school verify extent didn influence study conducted states president demonstrated improvement reading writing skills middle schools students studied proficiency increased percent expressed support company products new_york_times says example web sites ways teach sat words high school students november reporter called video credit cards financial literacy series direct clear catchy common sense media notes best qualities songs sound like real rap songs embarrassing obviously educational purposes backing beats samples catchy memorable videos contain fun combo stock footage original animation week rap current news clips book hip hop praising similar programs incorporating hip hop american schools argues culturally refers methods gimmick similarly book anthology rap supports shakespeare effective entertaining tool author said failed rap distinct poetic tradition
|
Flocabulary
|
Social sciences and society
|
Education
|
Education miscellanea
|
17460_GeorgiaTechResearchInstitute
|
nonprofit applied research arm atlanta georgia united_states employs people involved approximately million research annually clients industry government initially known engineering experiment station organization proposed agricultural experiment stations passed law year creating organization paper funds start boost state struggling economy midst great depression funds found station finally established equivalent april research spans variety disciplines including national defense homeland security public health education mobile wireless technologies economic development major customers research include agencies state georgia non defense federal agencies private industry overall contracts grants agencies account approximately total research funding established expanded engineering focus include science economics policy areas leverage partnership researchers named active patents pending patents history establishment founded grew trade school university course decades little state initiative school expand significantly year similar hatch act establishment agricultural experiment stations federal debate create engineering experiment stations similar manner spurred pass act titled establishing state engineering experiment station station established goal encouragement industries commerce state federal effort ultimately failed state finance organization faculty members belonging started tech met month monthly subjects proposed collection issues related library development development state engineering station group investigated existing engineering experiment stations universities country report compiled december report noted similar organizations opened country engineering schools successful local economic development president proposed technical research activity established order boost state struggling economy midst great depression provided new engineering experiment station equivalent provided infrastructure personnel station started operation april early years selected acting director april hired time faculty graduate assistants station initial areas focus helicopter engineering early work station conducted basement tech tower office station technically generally referred engineering experiment station simply research station engineering experiment station producing useful technology station needed method conduct contract work outside state budget consequently formed created non profit contract organization allowed receive federal contracts retaining relationship created chancellor university system president director member council later currently serves sole contract organization faculty departments addition contract organization manages intellectual property results research examples projects undertaken include helicopter research equivalent research textile research created cotton spinning processes times faster contemporary practices instrumental securing permanent building station initially known research building years later expanded named atlanta university donor left head took acting director died long august successor appointed assistant director president world war number value contracts coming station significantly increased world war budget industry government contracts exceeded station income notably state appropriation director initially prepared faculty fewer incoming contracts cut station appropriation increased support industry government eventually compensated lower state funding world war credited entry electronics especially telecommunications electronic warfare electronics communications work director attracted research larger projects study propagation electromagnetic waves united_states_navy sponsored radar research end world war equivalent annually sponsored research important investments administration included purchase electron microscope equivalent instrument united_states time research building expanded equivalent network given administration included establishment renamed present ruled money received year spent year problematic government contracts received spanned multiple years president vice president solution create non profit corporation manage contracts research services subsequently hire engineering experiment station perform research handle patents garnered research distribute funds garnered contracts patents needed new organization immediately weather severe drop state support recession scientific atlanta researchers including robinson professor future director director contributed equivalent founded later known scientific atlanta october initial goal marketing antenna structures developed radar branch robinson worked general manager pay year fledgling company contract resulted loss robinson request initial investors series disputes director vice president station finances hand founding founded october president ceo issue potential conflict interest role role technology transfer marketplace later instituted policy requiring employees wishing work written request president participation founding early operations ensured eventual success scientific atlanta facilitated subsequent technology transfer september requested financial operation primary concern reporting overhead income board suspected inadequate found accounts attributed practice delaying reporting information month tactic common ensure working capital failure adequately fund station denied practice nonetheless conform georgia established procedures budget reporting result went leave post november pending acceptance resignation chancellor effective march following resignation soon accepted position aviation division cold war era march appointed head division went leave pending resignation named acting director november named director july resigned november accept higher paying position post year far reaching changes station research increasingly concentrated researchers reversed trend extent annual report stated faculty schools performed research station year created new promotion system researchers use day researchers held rank professor despite lacking doctorate comparable qualification promotion determined irritated members teaching faculty new system approved spring qualifications promotion mirrored academic tenure track spent significant operating budget improving laboratory facilities successor previously director minute request contract organization cover resulting equivalent deficit faculty committee appointed comprehensive study aims objectives georgia institute technology noted budget million equivalent million sponsored governmental agencies thirds classified new wing dedicated project paid equivalent matching grant contract organization period saw significant expansion education programs received substantial support despite slow start master science programs 1920s doctorate program firmly established students earned graduate degrees working promoted assistant director research station succeeded director july wrote influential article role research centers technology argued research integrated education involved research known recruiting faculty capable teaching performing notable research example recruitment noted physicist nuclear scientist engineering experiment station gained electronics related contracts extent created focus radar communications championed establishment research facilities president appointed committee recommended creation large research campus built dedicated january receive store process radioactive materials completed operational safety concerns related nearby summer olympics events permanently decommissioned cold war era radar antenna related applications remained prominent research activity contracts millimeter wave radar research particular prominent defense activities late 1950s military designation millimeter wave radar built 1980s developed world highest frequency microwave radar high frequency radar research found applications radio astronomy climate studies improved weather climate models assisted nasa planning missions expansion antenna research 1970s particular development air defense antenna resulted establishment oldest campus research center developed approved version apple plus component earliest versions system fielded system tactical system video disk map technology providing map imagery coupled point database intelligence data order battle airfields roadways bridges president ronald_reagan strategic defense initiative resulted largest research contract history million contract equivalent million divided landed largest contract million equivalent million create soviet surface air missile system project technology developing late 1960s completed largest outdoor compact antenna range fort arizona april announced research groups led results controversial experiment allegedly achieved cold fusion water days following announcement researchers discovered instrument measure damaged heat liquid gave false elevated readings immediately retracted support utah researchers findings citing flawed measurement director referred mistake embarrassing recalling time expansion reorganization amended charter early 1960s authorizing industrial extension service meet technical needs industry local development groups led expansion activities involved 1940s particular began providing additional services technological time frame began international development initiative improved infrastructure facilitated technology transfer developing nations station expanded mission bolstered traditional research strengths resulting work projects improved radar operation saturn rocket invention compact antenna range 1960s changes brought increased focus research sought solve societal problems research sake pure scientific knowledge came time director began placing emphasis graduate education research late 1960s saw period student unrest university research centers worked contracts site student protests focus protests long attributed school conservative student body reasons financially politically result cuts federal state spending cuts space program academic units similarly affected cuts helped debate relationship school president bold controversial solution entities problems completely absorb station academic units paper dramatically increase stated research funding performed academic units increase options financial aid graduate students publicized reason gain access contract organization reserve fund said million equivalent million dean named station publicly task simply recommend plan reorganization administration clearly intended closely integrated director station time viewed violation charter established asserted authority merge institutions employees business executives involved station appealed governor georgia future united_states president alumnus controversy received coverage technique atlanta constitution director appointed interim president following departure stopped plan complete absorption station allow plans closer control aggressive contract proceed measures increased resource sharing including increased sharing physical assets research staff evidenced increase joint faculty appointments paid fiscal year saw win new contracts grants totaling record million equivalent million left charge station reorganization named interim director long departure tenure reorganized station semi autonomous laboratories order allow develop model retains slight modifications day engineering experiment station renamed separate organization originally called changed february finally legal difficulties american university wishes accept contracts entities especially federal government second organization contracting organization importantly allows university perform multi year contracts possible state law requires money received spent fiscal year change coincided shift focus obtaining industrial research contracts addition contracts federal government expanded mid late 1980s opened north end campus providing expanded lab office space electromagnetic radiation measurement range established research facility recent history retired vice admiral director truly helped survive recession end cold war despite dependence contracts tenure percentage budget experience small decrease percent percent balanced increased research fields passed million research contracts awards equivalent widely ongoing products initially developed early 1990s geographic information system allows pilots plot flight paths integrating real time military intelligence truly replaced served encouraged funding researchers ideas needed support introduced new cost accounting standard recovering indirect expenditures particularly influential securing million funding required build leadership endowed chair established march honor million played host sitting president march mock disaster staged visit demonstrating new technologies end tenure million research contracts equivalent new high new funding came indirect result september attacks resulting war terrorism increased related research selected director late march cross named executive vice president research newly created position oversight research university including school research centers work closely academic researchers began new role replaced director recent notable projects included concept combat vehicle researchers developed traps techniques use trapped quantum computer researchers developed method crack coming minimum secure length characters researchers investigating use radar possible concussion detection tool primary contractor program aims promote creation use open security open source software united_states government military especially areas pertaining computer security personnel involved multiple scales project discovery insider threats analysis learning system description employees june employed people support staff students approximately research scientists engineers working june attained doctorate master degree bachelor degree employees breakdown included approximately born baby born generation born generation born million revenue million contract awards consisted awards value remainder composed federal state local university business nonprofit researchers named active patents pending patents facilities total organization square feet laboratory facility space headquartered campus georgia seven research laboratories located major buildings centennial research building baker building headquarters headquarters contains space hosts events year notable atlanta buildings include laboratories operate campus research facility approximately miles north atlanta adjacent additionally operates alabama opened international office ireland june effort expanded partnered june create joint research institute field offices help nearby site research needs dallas texas ohio florida near alabama jacksonville florida orlando florida florida virginia san_diego california arizona georgia near arlington virginia washington organization structure composed laboratories organized technical focus research development lab subdivided divisions frequently collaborate outside groups academic units external companies based requirements project performs research clients local regional national international level employees encouraged publish work present conferences operating unit performs research commercial cost principles non profit organizations reason uses separate contracting entity contracting entity owns intellectual property created researchers manages technology protection licensing reports vice president research currently serves president project directors responsible direction aspects projects including marketing contract development research projects conducted cost basis negotiated terms conditions appropriate contracts specific operation university research organization organization led director considered vice president people report director deputy director associate vice research deputy director deputy directors charge research development lab directors report respective deputy director research development business financial operations director chief scientist report deputy director vice business services human resources information systems machine services support services report deputy director like traditional boards directors consists individuals notable related fields industry government provide advice research direction strategy markets govern organization members contracting agency necessarily members overlap university affiliation contributes research environment faculty students conducting externally sponsored applications oriented research programs benefit state region nation programs led research faculty contribute national security civilian needs industrial provide students career experience graduate research cooperative education programs undergraduate particular designation intended maintain calls essential engineering technology capabilities largest single employer graduate undergraduate students employed graduate research assistants undergraduate contributions community include collaborative research academic faculty courses originated faculty joint service efforts collaboration strong academic schools departments researchers hold appointments faculty members academic departments serve thesis advisory committees teach academic continuing education courses reaches academic research departments collaboration research activities building teams advantage broad expertise highly ranked programs collaboration create newest laboratory laboratories conducts research programs laboratories organized research development focus specific subjects research centers like research universities smaller organizational units dedicated research combines academic fields single discipline following centers based
|
Georgia Tech Research Institute
|
Social sciences and society
|
Education
|
Education miscellanea
|
17813_CampusofMichiganStateUniversity
|
campus campus located banks comprises area acres km2 acres km2 developed built amid virgin forest campus opened buildings remain agricultural college campus originally located miles outside city population college grew city developed north area main avenue campus large university facilities serve school entire metropolitan area public venues campus include football stadium arena ice arena concert hall hotel golf course campus power plant laundry service amtrak train station terms infrastructure buildings academics agriculture housing food service athletics overall university square feet total indoor space owns non campus properties totaling acres km2 different counties size campus combined curving roads lack centralized difficult newcomers navigate history white settlement region area combination dense virgin oak forest july acre site north recommended report board noted occasional clearing land dense hardwood forest oak openings school built buildings building called college hall dormitory building later known saints rest barn contained classrooms offices laboratories library museum lecture hall chapel buildings america teaching scientific agriculture college founded sparsely populated area handful nearby ride college built faculty houses year classes original faculty houses exists president official residence walls foundation remain original construction ultimately faculty homes built campus survived moved city rest demolished room north complex residence halls designed pond pond campus serve botanical laboratory faculty students site today oldest continuously operated botanical garden december professor buried seeds common plants sand prevent water accumulation locations campus certain fixed intervals currently years dug determine seeds prolonged periods isolation recent april found specimens surviving notably years buried remain scheduled president proposed steps provide proper layout college grounds planting trees location buildings etc competent landscape soon means spared landscape hired tenure oversaw layout walks drives placement numerous buildings including hall responsible closed roadway system altered form remains today responsible informal arrangement campus buildings character campus described president report board follows park straight rows buildings trees buildings separated shallow groups trees known prairie school landscape architect hired simplified road system planned walks planting areas described area sacred space reaffirmed idea area campus park protected development letter area sure feature college remembered students leave doubt instruction given greater effect lives college hired noted landscape architect bigger buildings like olds agriculture halls built faced challenge maintaining informal character campus walking distance firm issued report solution dramatic redesign campus plan unpopular students alumni wished maintain informal feel campus years consulting little way changes school ended relationship college hired phillips plan campus kept sacred space continued road system east buildings placed informal manner plan called campus north river dedicated academic purposes agriculture athletic facilities placed south river phillips plan set tone campus development years post large number returning president push expand resulting large increase enrollment pace development south river driving factor campus development automobile south featuring buildings streets generally laid grid system land dedicated parking lots growth resulted largest residence hall system united_states students live undergraduate halls graduate hall apartment villages built new resident hall modernized opened newly renovated location residential college new master plan called vision community concept developed guide future campus development recommendations called removing central campus parking parking replacing green space removal head parking west east circle drives adding bike lanes planting trees south campus order look feel north campus areas north campus oldest campus north south grand river avenue michigan avenue buildings eclectic collection architectural styles including collegiate gothic north campus plentiful trees curving roads straight lines center north campus lies sacred space surrounded sides west circle drive area college erected buildings buildings standing important historical buildings near sacred space include president official residence tower clock tower marking site college hall east sacred space lies group laboratory buildings constructed late 19th early 20th centuries include laboratories respectively south campus campus south red cedar river consists buildings built world war built international styles relatively straight roadways fewer trees north campus south campus surface parking lots partly sporting performing arts venues vision master plan proposes replacing parking lots parking ramps green space order replicate park like feel plans years reach fruition notable academic research buildings south campus include service campus majority academic residential buildings north south line service buildings laundry services campus growing number academic buildings south railroad campus nature preserve known baker south university service buildings csx railroad lie thousands acres university owned farmland agricultural research related facilities proximity farmland campus helps retain rural feel keeping roots agricultural college mixes urban atmosphere mile north recently added campus educational place students faculty community members learn safely handle firearms landmarks home bronze statues erected entrance plaza administration building bears statue president downstream south bank new bronze statue replica replaced original statue seen west stadium statue erected foot likeness famed basketball star landmark spray painted boulder known rock lying east farm lane north river popular spot campus events outdoor summer theatre greek house forerunner students study mineral contents botanical gardens including river stadium old gardens building adjoining children garden university buildings public gatherings events serves university football stadium center multi purpose basketball arena ice hockey serves venue agricultural types events separate buildings theatre shows concerts public speakers auditorium farm lane north bank river heart campus southeast lies main theatre metropolitan area center performing arts features broadway plays performances site presidential election debates university hotel convention center transportation campus network bike paths roads bike lanes trails transportation network consists miles roads miles common non motor vehicle methods campus navigation walking uncommon public underground tunnels link buildings campus non river trail eastern located campus extending west downtown north airport non river corridor runs campus south primary east west route non traffic campus main roads campus wilson road road red cedar road passing crowded areas campus roads receive high volumes pedestrian vehicle traffic popular mode transportation bus service routes campus addition regular service outside campus east areas routes campus designated service meaning operate fall spring hub bus service campus local destinations campus reached buses especially frequently winter railroads crossing campus students easy access rail travel station located campus offering daily direct service chicago flint cities michigan line cities detroit reached transferring different line station serviced bus routes airports accessible campus outside detroit bus service offered times daily
|
Campus of Michigan State University
|
Social sciences and society
|
Education
|
Education miscellanea
|
18655_RaisingofschoolleavingageinEnglandandWales
|
raising school leaving age england wales raising school leaving age shortened given government refer changes legal age child permitted leave compulsory education usually falling education act countries school leaving age reflects young people seen mature society necessarily old regarded adult england wales age raised numerous times introduction compulsory education september age raised following preparations began years earlier increased legal leaving age leaving gap year school law complete additional year education onwards reasons government wish increase school leaving age considering raised age numerous times 19th 20th centuries time past age reasons given focused mainly generating skilled labour providing additional time students gain additional skills qualifications recent years apparent year olds motivated continue education completion increasing overall unemployment rate unable find work british government hoped making education compulsory age change 19th century prior 19th century schools existed run church church stressing religious education 19th century compulsory attendance school ceased matter local option introduction elementary education act milestone british school education system children attend ages local discretion early leaving agricultural areas introduction elementary education act applying england wales commonly known having drawn created concept compulsory education children thirteen didn insist compulsory attendance initially required provision education children years age areas education considered problem elected school boards set boards discretion create local laws confirmed parliament require attendance fine parents children attend illness living certain distance typically mile school certification having reached required standard varied board mandatory england wales act elementary education act insisted compulsory attendance years poorer families ensuring children attended school proved difficult send working opportunity earn extra income available attendance officers visited homes children failed attend school proved ineffective children age employed required certificate reached educational standard employers children weren able act brought force thirteen years later went act stated raised minimum leaving age later year act extended blind deaf children previously means official education act later amended raise school leaving age years age 20th century start 20th century saw school boards abolished replaced local education authorities use present day fisher act year saw introduction education act commonly known fisher act devised act enforced compulsory education years included provision compulsory time education year olds plans expansion education raising participation age dropped cuts public spending world war act starting planning provisions young people remain education age act implemented act passed butler post war education changes introduced education act changes including introduction system included raising school leaving age act brought effect september implemented effects world war eventually enforced april comprehensive school system replaced system brought act england act recommended compulsory time education children age dropped similar fashion act cut spending world war reasons changes government approaches education meant longer regarded adequate child leave education aged age seen understand appreciate value education period height beginning seen worst age sudden switch education employment concerns effects having labour children hoped outcome larger quantity qualified skilled workers eliminate deficit problem loss labour effects act introduced concept famous examination determined child entitled schooling grammar school secondary modern technical college system examination devised phased majority united_kingdom england northern_ireland league tables published march existing grammar schools country comprehensive schools changes society approaches education including equal opportunities meant children deserve education learn slower rate child opportunity gain secondary school level qualifications similar regardless background intelligence leaving age raised preparations began raise school leaving age delayed eventually decision taken new upper age limit enforced september onwards raising school leaving age year saw introduction act allowing organise work experience additional final year school students counties country changes led introduction middle schools students kept primary junior school additional year meaning number students secondary schools areas remained virtually constant change radical changes led middle schools pupils aged opening smaller secondary school buildings schools students fewer middle schools england situated local education authorities number remaining middle schools gradually fallen mid-1980s buildings secondary schools england wales areas new 5th year students struggle popular solution provide schools pre fabricated building referred blocks need additional capacity providing resources cope new generation 5th year students solution proved popular schools country low cost involved materials construction speed buildings erected supplied buildings delivered schools self assembly packs assembled team days regardless weather conditions consequently intended stand long term proven stood longer initially planned buildings shared similar exterior attributes design difference separation rooms building room separation building decided senior school management walls false added construction majority schools england wales replaced building site numerous schools country actively buildings schools standing building isn use serve youth centres community simply derelict majority demolished extensively refurbished education act minimum school leaving arrangements child sixteenth birthday falls period september january inclusive leave compulsory schooling end spring term following easter child sixteenth birthday falls period february august leave friday monday section education act new single school leaving date set subsequent years set friday june school year child reaches age 21st century education skills act reports published november suggested education secretary exploring ways raise school leaving age england years later rise pointing decline jobs need young people equipped modern day employment participation age year later november prime minister unveiled government plans queen speech plans included duty parents assist children education training participation date 18th birthday detailing proposed moves reform system improve achievement children care education came force academic year initially required participation form education training school year child turned followed age raised young person 18th birthday referred raising participation age distinguish school leaving age remains qualify participation young person education training equivalent day week minimum local council responsible ensuring suitable place available act makes similar powers available spokesperson indicated want encourage young people stay education school required continue education training reasons figures published june showing young people aged education training meaning rise affect young people sought employment immediately finishing compulsory education specifically state young people remain secondary school law required continue education time sixth form college work based training year olds stay time academic education government financed training course survey people supported plans age increase reports published showed year olds remain time education declines time reach majority finding employment fewer going employment training relevance small increase unemployed time reach government hoped reduce act cases unemployment government believes toughest education employment training additional year olds fell category proportion rose year olds practice young people classified time aged training employment classification percentage classified fell lowest figure government believed changes needed collapse jobs economy means young school years age finding increasingly difficult find employment cases making years number jobs available million 1960s present day predictions drops increasing demand skilled labour fewer students continuing education increase difficulty young school find work able chose stay school complete education opposition whilst government eager implement changes oppose proposal civil liberties grounds compulsory school attendance usually justified reference argument minors incapable making sufficiently reasoned choices age group falls grey area regarded effectively adult number contexts jurisdictions scotland individuals considered reach maturity proposal criminal sanctions enforce attendance new system opposed mps conservatives liberal democrats believed threats wrong approach increasing participation spokesperson said proposals forcing young people don want letting young people allow leave education training skills age prime minister queen speech november discussed raise school leaving age suggested pupils failed comply new laws expected face fines community service sentencing previously proposed local authorities expected ensure pupils participating years age effects downward trend number jobs available country continuing government believes extension compulsory education age mean young people leave education better position find skilled employment speaking march chancellor stated teenagers paid training sign college based courses estimates available number available double available england increase current available offered employers speaking june labour chairman education skills select committee says young people education biggest social problems facing modern government government hopeful changes effect preventing increase crime levels currently substantial percentage young people leaving school turning life crime unable find suitable work lack skills qualifications
|
Raising of school leaving age in England and Wales
|
Social sciences and society
|
Education
|
Education miscellanea
|
23492_BriarcliffManorPublicLibrary
|
manor public library public library serving new_york located edge library road member staffed director employees including reference youth governed seven member board liaison village board library offers computer classes book discussion groups young adult programs children room local history collection library houses manor historical society offices adjoining library village train station housed library renovated reopened center library founded building destruction thirty years library permanent location moved sites including public school buildings village recreation center library purchased station new_york renovations 1980s 90s significant expansion funded completed late 2000s library housed today ran alongside building mile long kilometre rail trail consisting running walking trail stretches north history founded referred club building built public school current road southbound ramp route world war slowed expansion progress resumed achieved largely efforts time consisted entirely women march year officially opened september library registered library system september club library funds transferred village government donated today library time volumes volumes library collections grown early years library received donations village sunday school club july library moved community club building sold tower room farms office building present branch march invitation library relocated moved large room main floor high school extension law park grade school building august school required classroom space village board provided rooms second floor recreation building old route near village downtown march granted library provisional charter year registration numbered village history book notes need permanent home library library received efficiency rating percent library obtained highest efficiency rating percent appropriation library today expenditures today january library moved fifth location station later new_york station built village founder tudor style replacement smaller station moved nearby railroad discontinued freeing use building library library spent today purchase building additional today renovations raised today village residents rest funded library received absolute charter received charter public library 1980s 90s increasing popularity new_york_times reported library experienced significant increase circulation circulated year compared library lodge sites given historical markers library square feet determined small significant problems included wireless capacity poor lighting large interior renovation took place mayor wife led today fundraising effort collected construction started march included interior painting new shelves main room south relocated desk children room main entrance designed match original building section section ran library south mile running walking trail completed consists stretches van park north village residents held referendum new library square feet failed votes cast major renovations took place building interior exterior early 2000s plans began expansion building set children room million bond resolution million today passed story square foot square metre addition began construction summer opened february original station building renovated village community center development late held cost million mayor mayor presided center opening dedication location architecture located eastern edge library road large parking lot accessible current structure consists train station south end extension completed north exterior designed tudor revival style new_york_times observed building pseudo medieval active train station painted shade green stations addition half timber exterior original building station interior decorated flowers oriental floor tables chairs mission style library occupation building housed main reading room children room second story balcony added community center opening space holds meeting room kitchen floor opening length second floor intended presentations exhibits reading studying computer usage community center backup generator use emergency broadcast warming cooling center operations library open seven days week august closed sunday library hosts computer network member friends manor public library organization community members support library library director oversees quarters time time employees including reference youth governed seven member board liaison village board services include computer classes book discussion groups young adult programs children room local history collection library spending constitutes percent village budget organizations manor historical society profit organization dedicated local preservation research education march village mayor appointed people 75th anniversary committee committee began forming manor historical society received provisional charter time historical society published updated village history village rivers manor marking 75th anniversary village organization published books including comprehensive history village publication changing landscape history manor written wife novelist historical society initially located demolished building later moved second floor building road moved school building leased march given permanent location established library expansion finished current president heads board trustees members year terms required year terms members historical society joined member organize events centennial helped organize events village centennial celebration including centennial variety auditorium sold night run april act consisted interpretations village life village organizations revue history songs society sponsored events included tours homes churches bus tours hudson_river cruises historic boats commander built listed national state registers historic places dances antique car exhibits day trips historic points interest art exhibits events authors elected officials library houses village recreation department staff member advisory committee provides recreation programming village department operated recreation center road runs youth center van van road
|
Briarcliff Manor Public Library
|
Social sciences and society
|
Education
|
Education miscellanea
|
24683_IBDiplomaProgramme
|
international diploma programme year educational programme primarily aimed students aged program provides internationally accepted qualification entry higher education recognised universities worldwide developed early mid-1960s geneva switzerland group international year pilot programme ended bilingual diploma established administered taught schools countries languages english french spanish order participate students attend school students complete assessments subjects subject group core requirements students evaluated internal external assessments courses finish externally assessed series examinations usually consisting timed written tests internal assessment varies subject oral presentations practical work written work cases initially graded classroom teacher grades verified modified necessary appointed external generally received commended introducing thinking students united_kingdom guardian newspaper claims academically challenging broader levels pledge allow children areas participate programme shelved amid concerns tier education system emerging growth driven private schools sixth form colleges british students subjects extended essay theory knowledge receive differently structured university offers sit levels universities working carefully construct appropriate equivalent offer conditions history background conference internationally minded schools asked create international schools program director english division began develop idea colleague organised conference geneva term international mentioned american social studies teacher organized conference grant attended observers european schools writing genesis schools credits original promoter end conference funded additional inadequate produce papers bring teachers meetings international director oxford_university director director new_york head founded cole brought experience college entrance examinations united_states particular brought experience long relationship according breakthrough history came grant commissioned author schools produce report feasibility establishing common curriculum examination international schools acceptable entry universities worldwide led conferences involving atlantic atlantic college spring fall details curriculum discussed agreed grant secured funded study oxford_university focused issues comparative analysis secondary educational programmes european countries cooperation university expectations secondary students intending enter university statistical comparison pilot examination results national school leaving examinations tests result study curriculum model developed initiated pattern combining general education united_states canada curriculum framework proposed conference geneva late renamed president january group included identified schools experimentation curriculum headquarters officially established geneva development maintenance director general schools countries participated including aim provide internationally acceptable university qualification suitable growing mobile population young people parents world diplomacy international multi national organizations years limited number students referred experimental period school inspected approved government experimental period ended year established separate entity allowing funding implementation remain country sent geneva official guide programme containing official assessment information published included theory knowledge course extended essay introduced creativity action service mentioned guides specifically identified guide responding criticism hosted singapore goal incorporating asian culture education curriculum took steps modify curriculum year japanese government hosted science conference token japanese interest dimensions start subjects available english french mandatory students study second language bilingual introduced allowed students science subjects language subjects available spanish core requirements subject groups awarded diploma candidate fulfill core requirements addition passing subject examinations extended essay candidates write independent research essay words subject list approved subjects candidate choose investigate topic subject currently studying required written topic theory knowledge course introduces students theories nature limitations knowledge basic provides practice determining meaning validity knowledge critical thinking claimed flagship element course diploma candidates required requires hours instruction completion externally assessed essay words choice titles prescribed worth internally assessed presentation worth candidate chosen topic creativity activity service aims provide students opportunities personal growth self reflection intellectual physical creative challenges awareness responsible members communities participation social community work service athletics physical activities activity creative activities creativity minimum activity year programme approximately hours week hour counting encouraged previously requirement hours completed abolished schools require hours subject groups students pursue diploma subjects groups group permitted substitute groups described subjects taken higher level rest standard level recommends minimum hours time courses hours courses encourages students pursue diploma substantial workload require great deal commitment organization initiative students instead choose register individual subjects core requirements students receive diploma subject groups course offerings summarised information subject groups individual courses found respective subject group articles group studies language literature taken generally student native language languages available courses starting summer options language previously literature similar old course language literature slightly challenging adaptation group language subjects withdrawn subject literature performance taken group language acquisition additional language taken following levels language language latin offered taken following replacement option group language literature offering courses starting summer language changed rigorous compulsory study works literature analysis assessed addition students study texts replacement optional topics group individuals societies social sciences courses offered business geography history information technology global society philosophy psychology course course societies pilot course global politics offered group experimental sciences courses offered chemistry biology physics design technology course sport exercise health science course societies offered group mathematics order increasing difficulty courses offered computer science courses moved course examinations group arts courses offered dance foreign languages film lieu taking group course students choose additional course groups mathematics studying mathematics computer science course school based course approved subject literature performance offered currently environmental systems societies course designed meet diploma requirements groups literature performance meets requirements groups online pilot courses developing pilot online version currently offers online courses students eventually offer online courses student wishes register additionally developed pilot courses include sports exercise dance pilot course literature performance pilot courses mainstream courses currently pilot course intended mainstream september assessment awards subjects exception evaluated internal external externally assessed examinations given worldwide usually schools november usually schools exam usually consists papers generally written successive different papers different forms questions focus different areas subject example paper multiple choice questions paper extended response questions data analysis paper focuses option selected teacher grading external assessments independent appointed nature internal assessment varies subject oral presentations languages practical work experimental sciences performing arts written work internal assessment accounts percent mark awarded subject marked teacher school sample subject level school graded appointed process called external internal assessment based grades subject school change points awarded equal equal additional points awarded depending grades achieved extended essay theory knowledge maximum possible point total global pass rate diploma approximately order receive diploma candidates receive minimum points average possible seven points subjects candidates receive minimum points subjects minimum points standard level subjects additionally candidates complete requirements failing conditions prevent student awarded diploma regardless points received non completion scores meeting specific points required higher level standard level subjects candidates successfully complete requirements following combinations eligible receive bilingual diploma group subjects different languages group subject taken language candidate group language group group subject written language candidate group language certificates issued indicate completion diploma courses exams non diploma candidate students special circumstances standard assessment conditions student special educational needs disadvantage special arrangements allowed candidates special assessment needs publication contains information procedures arrangements students special needs application authorization offer institution application process period teachers trained end application process conducts visit school authorised offer programme annual fee ensures ongoing support legal display logo access provides information resources support teachers database employed fees include student registration individual diploma subject examination fees university recognition diploma accepted countries universities search website advises students check recognition policies directly university maintains list universities offering scholarships graduates conditions specified institution including colleges universities united_states following overview university recognition policies countries purposes university austria diploma considered foreign secondary school leaving certificate school issuing diploma country admission decisions discretion higher education institutions finland diploma gives qualification national examination core requirements differ little finnish degree languages larger final grading france foreign allow students access french universities germany sets certain conditions diploma accepted foreign language minimum standard level mathematics minimum economics geography history group subject science mathematics course higher level students schools able earn bilingual diploma gains access german universities half classes programme held german recognises diploma academically equivalent national diploma provided curriculum includes italian language particular programme accepted italy spain considers diploma academically equivalent june diploma holders longer need pass admitted spanish universities turkish universities accept diploma applicants required law university entrance examinations according universities russia officially recognise diploma subject certain guidelines considers diploma issued state schools russia equivalent certificate secondary complete general education united_kingdom publishes university entrance table converts qualifications points binding institutions free set minimum entry requirements candidates level candidates universities require students courses level students requiring instance student level student need subject taken gives broad coverage similar subject taken level university australia accepts diploma entry criteria differ university university universities accept students point count require points converted states based australian admission rank queensland scores converted scale determine selection rank united_states institutions higher education set admission credit policies diploma recognition colorado texas legislation requiring universities adopt implement policy awards college credit students successfully completed canada north_america publishes recognition policy summary canadian universities universities officially accept diploma grant partial national diploma students completed fourth year high school country hong_kong diploma students apply universities non joint university programmes system formally accept diploma university qualification singapore accepts high school qualification singapore universities university requirements follows subjects scores better subjects scores better grade better english standard level india recognises entry qualification universities provided applicants include document detailing percentage specific course requirements admission medical engineering programs satisfied reception described rigorous shelf curriculum recognized universities world december edition time magazine article titled bring schools 20th century featured summer edition described good example effective sound exam based system professor educational psychology harvard_university said curriculum american efforts helps students think critically knowledge reflect thought processes feet wet thinking officer claims widespread respect united_kingdom regarded academically challenging broader levels according article guardian government ministers provided funding local authority england centre offering sixth chance children secretary abandoned flagship pledge allow children areas study fears tier education system dividing education rich poor emerged growth driven private schools sixth form colleges united_states criticism centered claim anti american according new_york_times early funding organization ties united_nations cited cost program considered high school board idaho voted eliminate programmes district low participation high costs
|
IB Diploma Programme
|
Social sciences and society
|
Education
|
Education miscellanea
|
25082_EducationandDemocracy:TheMeaningofAlexanderMeiklejohn
|
education democracy meaning alexander education democracy meaning alexander biography written published title complete biography draws archives words popular figure early 20th century faded philosopher university president championed unified knowledge book split sections based locations lived faculty administrative years presidency time experience adult education free speech advocacy berkeley nelson portrays contradictory encourage students pursue freedom teacher teach student freedom reviewers noted clarity nelson intellectual work wanted additional information thought comparable programs educational field reviewers marked book balance importance major figure history american education publication education democracy meaning alexander biography written published lieu writing definitive account life nelson portrayed subject language let speak nelson draws archives detailed quotations page notes appendix popular early 20th century best known stance academic freedom marginal figure time book published book biography written preceded short biographical study introduced written work nelson title response democracy education intends contrast opposite summary work split parts based places lived undergraduate education later administrative work presidency work adult education actions berkeley core effort create systems promote democratic citizenship nelson argues teaching teacher student want freedom teacher teach student freedom practice born great_britain raised rhode_island attended later returned popular ethics professor consequent dean place popular system science curriculum championed style education unified knowledge moral development pursuit ideals style democratic governance students lead reason education saw democracy passing generations borne strong discussions agreed terms suggested curriculum unified knowledge included years ancient greek classics added years enlightenment modern american classics president developed legacy treatment faculty drastic college detached demands outside world ousted lying faculty appointments opened year program readings ancient greece modern america treated program outside influence produce reports work build outside wisconsin community program quickly closed reasons attributed design opened adult education program san_francisco students similarly self governed led education funding dissipated outset world war students chose school ideals advocate free speech absolute right differentiated physical action democracy influenced aims nelson portrays contradictory despite believing free thought student choice determining education held nelson compares fellow educator occasionally allowed enthusiasm vision integrity leadership students defied wishes ban professional baseball student players brown enlisting army choosing anarchy student government wisconsin figures like required charismatic demanding student agreed minimum open minded participation reception biography considered reviewers noted clarity nelson intellectual work wanted additional information thought comparable programs educational field reviewers marked book balance importance major figure history american education compared nelson clear presentation philosophy accessible practice philosophy marshall described nelson intellectual political surrounding eras life having surprising variety thought book par genre work thoughtful compelling affirmed importance experiments attempts educational programs capable producing democratic society praised nelson use student quotes analysis written work wanted context compared educational figures higher education contemporary programs impacted thought stood overall history american education marshall remained curious views family role civic education education review complained intellectual context areas unresolved contradictions claims american studies considered biography particularly timely post september relevance democratic experiments face higher education courage free speech wrote views curriculum needed reflection college instructors book audience include university administration interested civil liberties historians philosophers education appreciated nelson presented shortcomings ego lifestyle writing history education quarterly reflecting depth struggled consider work complete wrote led violence letting speak nelson french philosopher point individuals certain greater certainty added biography read best parts nelson clearly inspired zeal particularly amendment mean chapter considered essential reading
|
Education and Democracy: The Meaning of Alexander Meiklejohn
|
Social sciences and society
|
Education
|
Education miscellanea
|
25668_HistoryofHarvardExtensionSchool
|
history history dates founding beginning designed serve educational interests needs greater boston community extended academic resources public locally nationally internationally growing cooperation boston area universities eventually harvard institution early students able earn associate arts degree equivalent bachelor degree residency requirement later renamed arts finally settling bachelor degree graduate degree awarded leader distance education offering courses radio television board navy ships online education began mid-1980s school partnered expand reach years estimated students taken courses wealthy boston businessman ill trip egyptian desert wrote banks cairo died march shortly arriving bombay india executed boston set aside half fortune maintenance support public lectures delivered said boston philosophy natural history arts sciences promotion moral intellectual physical instruction education citizens said city boston directed lectures given natural religion showing historical internal favor christianity avoiding disputed points faith ceremony directing moral doctrines gospel lectures supposed free limited means afford attend lectures maximum charge value wheat equally measure lectures specifically open women men notable intellectual figures america europe program foundation formed sponsor lectures opened initial value fund dollars annual interest corpus dollars fund annual income institute headed single trustee male descendant grandfather trustee administered trust years according terms year earnings turned non capital early years establishment university extension lack reason harvard president declined begin continuing education program strongly starting proposed institute said dependent institutions meeting said wanted found popular university order fulfill vision connected existing educational institution succeeded father trustee trustee harvard mit reorganized lectures mit later renamed auspices mit year school courses higher branches mathematics second year devoted theory practice men graduated program year began offering courses harvard course literature turn people away largest hall harvard seat persons classes taught best harvard professors roughly students end course examination taken students years later elected president harvard president wanted serve people community college desire profit college education amid work earning living able obtain extension dean said aim young people boston prevented securing college education instruction receive harvard added persons wish college education able gradually effective substitute respects effective ordinary college education greater maturity students students permitted graduated high school adults required high school diploma spring months students wrote asking courses offer accept qualifications teaching position boston latin high schools city september year voted accept extension associate arts degree sufficient teach high school noted elementary school teachers courses evenings qualify better paying high school teaching position true young workers ropes said announced garnered major media coverage boston boston_globe declared extension program hopeful signs times education extension fine opportunities offered hunger knowledge early courses professors classes identical regular classes offered harvard professors began end september offered according boston_globe opportunity education hitherto unlike similar program columbia_university university extension courses taught experienced teachers secured professors commission including professors early faculty included professors paid extra teach classes addition regular course load early courses included classes english literature principles economics psychology applied experimental electricity laboratory experiments total courses offered evenings late saturdays believed important high quality courses offer larger number courses good deal variety year year early years business courses offered conjunction designed degree program grade college courses involving work tested examinations demand work required regular college student said use university trying run public teachers fitted work object public advantage exist walls boston_globe opined early program courses comprehensive course study attract young men women metropolitan boston deprived circumstances opportunity college year courses saw students earning certificates president harvard trustee saw trust community public successive series servants public ropes goal supply thorough university training previously denied supply low figure ing technical culture instruction persons unable spend years college courses cost hour course hour course hour course prices designed low considered wanted instruction courses offered working hours beginning students required present classes earn credit despite falling revenue great depression insisted prevented courses costing wheat result half year course cost course courses cost little increases salaries required additional funding avoid increase tuition cut funding follow exam fee added wished earn certificate prices remained effect 1950s created harvard charter member years later took dean comprised special students office years retiring president wrote extension courses given service public importance popularity courses convinced taken systematic approach organized representatives harvard mit members commission required president university executive commission received financial support meeting creation announced courses taken counted credit commission formed lost time retired chairman stepped president harvard commission lost viability consortium existed time forward functioned mainly umbrella program run harvard commission finally stopped functioning began self sufficient program continued contribution instead paying operating costs fund scholarships local high school students faculty courses growth extension beginning commission harvard awarded associate arts degree designed equivalent bachelor degree require entrance exam residency colleges designed appropriate reward reach persons unable attend traditional college program years extension program began students pursuing degree students earned degree year offered according ropes operation boston kind extension college giving courses lead adequately guarded degree administered joint action neighboring colleges 1920s professors boston left confines campuses traveled teach courses primarily aimed teachers courses offered students expressed interest professors traveled weekly basis places new_england far away new_york connecticut legislature considered passed bill allowing junior colleges award associate degrees years study years existence people earned associate degree harvard years worth work hearing news asked proper word person good thou art man read enclosed associate arts degraded probably recovery wicked institutions differentiate lesser degrees offered president decided new degree retain dignity somebody imitation steals new degree arts created women allowed receive harvard depression impact enrollment figures finances necessitated cuts number courses offered post war era number courses offered rise including consecutive years survey found students year attended college similar study found half profession notably teaching half years college enrolled general interest survey found extension graduates went graduate work figure higher number graduates college total graduate degrees awarded alumni courses cost students earn harvard degree roughly according bargain simply matched field education adding value study spaces conferences rooms library facilities dining hall set hall students addition television lounge students watch programs television radio pioneer distance education beginning december courses offered new radio station college nights week living rooms simply tuning courses psychology world history economics course radio years taught extension courses fewer students students course years extension students surely record annals extension harvard radio courses proved successful television station went air october began broadcasting extension class weekday course offered european monday thursday evenings late 1960s televised courses offered students watched courses television attend conferences mid term final exam harvard order gain credit class television classes continued 1970s united_states_navy united_states_navy approached harvard adapting television courses broadcast use submarines year program known developed producing courses year engineering math physics foreign languages lab courses class instruction provided port finished course received certificate completion eventually program spread surface ships program afloat college education pace proved effective practical means education hundreds navy men courses plans years sailors enrolled year later sailors taking courses sailors enrolled time ended navy men classes navy anticipated huge vietnam war difficult men find time study additionally courses offered weighted sciences classes proved popular occasionally instruction provided ships sea spring crisis middle_east navy paid instructors mediterranean teach deck uss little rock february instructors flown navy antarctica teach base late 20th century 50th anniversary courses offered vast majority classes held harvard campus late 1960s offered mit old south meeting house time non credit courses cost courses credit cost 1970s university realized problem retaining employees began tuition assistance plan tap year employees took advantage students degree candidates program effectively solved retention problem survey found majority students family income national average occasion 50th anniversary graduation said administrative duties harvard found extension rewarding partly doubt run rising program practically interference partly feeling second chance education people passed normal run school college finest aspects american education partly chance establish maintain friendly relations thorough programs black people boston contact harvard graduates went library moved saw doubling usage nearly student visits reserve books circulated mid-1990s academic career services provided traditional students receive ensuring education created year officially established formal school opened india joint venture indian businessman offices bombay india massachusetts program academy designed consist year time study leading certificate beginning india treating like profit venture financially failure harvard pulled approximately students educated years operation future nobel prize winner began teaching core curriculum physics course extension students course designed advanced high school students teachers students teachers schools area took year thousands took years come early 21st century proposal school degrees offered accepted committee led professor computer science proposed renaming school drop words extension studies degrees school offer bachelor_of_arts master arts degrees faculty objected saying degrees offered college years estimated students taken courses degree development degree recipients years including certificates graduates extension history undergraduate degree largest class date bringing total graduates popular graduate programs government biology psychology history english accounting graduates undergraduate degree holders went earn master arts degrees doctors philosophy founding students earned undergraduate degree advanced degree harvard including approximately graduates gone including harvard degrees awarded employees tap started certificates given success students early continuing education earning degree said extension courses degree count year fulfilling educational purpose originally established entrance exam fees kept low possible allow possible earned degree including certificate graduated today degrees awarded year awarded years combined undergraduate students courses order earn associate equivalent bachelor degree awarding arts degrees new created replace earn required meeting standards required bachelor_of_arts degree designed specifically adult associate degree established following year bachelor degrees awarded honors bachelor degrees awarded people students largest class total number graduates rose number grow graduating class rose students time 1950s 1960s strictly liberal arts program intention offering professional programs recognized charter narrow staff small world needed day age committee appointed president review structure purpose extension meet needs community stretched traditional liberal arts program community arm university programs specifically designed residents cambridge program teacher training program retirement remarked community needs mind extension moved long way traditional path need reach far poor graduate master degree awarded year restrictions lifted degree students enrolled program demands labor market meant new initiatives professional studies grow traditional liberal arts programs graduate certificate advanced study established year study social sciences natural sciences success certificate phased certificate success prompted creation certificate special studies students bachelor degree prior training business management management soon popular program meet growing need industry staff boston area certificate advanced studies established launched award greek followed certificate museum studies time museum studies master degree concentration certificate discontinued certificate publishing communications created established pilot program created address shortage qualified math teachers middle high school math teachers total boston teachers took classes led creation mathematics teaching certificate technologies education created grew beginning earned environmental management following year journalism journalism degree offered harvard established pre medical program pre program established years later students applied medical school accepted students applied medical schools admitted including women graduates applied medical school accepted including years later students accepted medical school including harvard accepted nationwide sponsored nearly students admission medical school started accepted success rate far exceeds national acceptance rate online education developed online 1980s course offered voice data kicking online education effort joint venture developed week course artificial intelligence taught harvard square nights chinese students simultaneously took class morning self sufficient program commission disbanded funding longer direct operating costs instead turned scholarship fund local high school students teachers nearly students high school students far places alaska hawaii taking different courses online schools offer course scholarships allowed greatly reduced rate beginning courses online hours distance students view online courses evolved experiment established academic program online courses student program expanded online courses including including course europe relations taken simultaneously extension students harvard graduate undergraduate students students paris courses available downloadable itunes courses available online going online allowed professors target classes specific audiences latino school teachers museum professionals certain regions online courses classes million grant awarded build collaborative learning environments classrooms plus state art control room went online allowed greatly enhanced opportunities experimentation experimentation research continued creation course online classes including students came campus class classes offered including classes taught senior harvard faculty ranked second best university online education chairman chairman director chairman director chairman director director present
|
History of Harvard Extension School
|
Social sciences and society
|
Education
|
Education miscellanea
|
26067_HistoryofGeorgiaTech
|
history history traced reconstruction era plans develop industrial base founded october atlanta georgia university opened construction tech tower shop building offered degree mechanical engineering degrees electrical civil textile chemical engineering offered changed reflect evolution engineering school technical institute research university birthplace georgia universities established moved independently established officially allow women fully integrate curriculum night school enrolled female students early fall known created extension technical trade school world war veterans independent university great depression saw consistent squeeze budget world war inspired research activity combined post world war enrollment compensated school difficulties peacefully court order contrast southern universities similarly experience protests vietnam war growth graduate research programs combined diminishing federal support universities 1980s led president university amid significant controversy 1990s marked continued expansion undergraduate programs satellite campuses savannah georgia france site athletes village venue number athletic events summer olympics recently school gradually improved academic rankings paid significant attention campus increasing historically low retention rates establishing degree options emphasizing research international perspectives establishment georgia reconstruction georgia postwar economic growth noted historical marker large hill site occupied school buildings held fortifications built protect atlanta atlanta campaign american civil war surrender city took place southwestern boundary modern campus years time rapid industrial expansion period georgia manufacturing capital railroad track mileage property values increase factor establishment school technology proposed reconstruction period major confederate officers prominent citizens town georgia war strongly believed south needed improve technology compete industrial revolution occurring north time agreed idea known new south creed strongest proponent editor atlanta constitution 1880s technology school thought necessary era technical developments occurring needed technical training advance state industry authorization harris committee prominent visited renowned technology schools northeast included examples committee reported worcester model stressed combination theory practice embodiment best conception industrial education practice component worcester model included student employment production consumer items generate revenue school committee returned submitted findings house bill july bill written harris met significant opposition sources defeated reasons opposition included general resistance education specifically technical education concerns voiced agricultural interests fiscal concerns relating limited treasury georgia government state constitution prohibited spending means measure excessive spending negro leaders february harris submitted second version time support contemporary political leaders popular support influential leaders parent college state technical school house submitted passed house bill passed senate amendments amended bill defeated house room work harris bill finally passed october georgia governor signed bill create fund new school legislature established committee determine location new school school officially established subsequent efforts repeal law suppressed supporter speaker section enacted general_assembly state enacted authority shall established connection forming departments thereof technological school education training students industrial mechanical arts said school shall located equipped conducted provided governor appointed commission january organize run school commission elected harris chairman position hold death members included judge known political industrial experience task select location new school letters sent communities state bids presented october deadline athens atlanta commission inspected proposed sites october october president time believed located athens university main campus like agricultural mechanical schools committee members voted exclusively respective home cities 21st ballot porter switched atlanta 24th ballot atlanta finally emerged victorious students burned judge heard final vote announced atlanta bid included city private citizens including guaranteed yearly support gift acres land atlanta pioneer instead initially proposed site atlanta bid near land developing including school new location bounded south west sold adjoining acres land state land situated atlanta northern city limits act created school appropriated construction new buildings early years includes administration opened doors fall buildings leadership professor pastor building main administrative complex classrooms teach students featured workshop forge boiler room engine room designed specifically contract shop students work produce goods sell creating revenue school students learned skills hands manner method seen appropriate given need industrial development buildings equal size professors shop importance teaching mind hands time disagreement machine shop turn profit contract shop system ended lack point items produced offices campus class students small educational options limited students signed registration day october enrollment year climbed total january student register students georgia tuition free georgia residents equivalent state students degree offered courses available students required follow exactly program rigorous nearly thirds class failed complete graduating class consisted students decided graduation order flip coin appointed mechanical engineering drawing professor chair department assumed role superintendent shops tenure moved curriculum away training emphasized balance shop classroom taught students modern methods solve engineering problems instead outdated costly trial error methods played significant role developing mechanical engineering professional degree program focus ethics design testing analysis problem solving mathematics tech began football program students forming loose troop called season saw tech play games lose discouraged results sought coach improve record army officer played football harvard stationed atlanta taking graduate courses school volunteered serve team player coach tech played game georgia tech defeated georgia school victory angry georgia fans threw stones debris tech players game poor treatment georgia faithful gave birth rivalry known clean old fashioned hate words famous fight song wreck georgia tech said come early baseball game rival georgia sources credit member year graduating class lyrics according article sports_illustrated wreck written tech football player way auburn game adopted roughly current form official fight song apparently unofficial fight song years published time school heading causes words hell censored printing certain words hot print heard band playing song tune son wrote modern musical version succeeded roman embellished song trumpet publicized roman song tech student publication ran short time student publication established published commencement issue reviewed sporting events gave information class technique founded issue published november editors content revolved upcoming rivalry football game technique published weekly exception brief period paper published twice weekly merged technique engineering school includes administration captain appointed mathematics professor position held appointment school second president hall solid background engineering time west_point incorporated surveying engineering applications energetic personality quickly assumed leadership position faculty president hall noted aggressive fundraising improvements school including special project french textile school february opened textile engineering school donated machinery supporters named chief donor supporter textile engineering program hall goals included tech attracting students expanded school offerings mechanical engineering new degrees introduced hall administration included electrical engineering civil engineering december textile engineering february engineering chemistry january hall infamous entire senior class returning christmas vacation day late hall died august vacation new_york health resort death office attributed stress fundraising activities time new chemistry building later year school trustees named new chemistry building honor october president visited campus steps tech tower roosevelt presented speech importance technological education america nation kind training effort developed institutions kind triumph engineering skill credited american credited america incumbent individual sake collective american citizenship dominates american nation roosevelt shook hands student tech later visited president elect january president november world war includes administration hiring named insisted school acquire football field previously team area parks especially playing fields park took seven year lease southern end grant field land adequate sports rocky nature convict laborers clear rocks remove tree stumps level field play tech students built property land purchased donated equivalent construction field permanent stands field named grant field honor donor deceased son attempts forming alumni association charter applied june approved june published annual report group largely dormant world war organization played important role 1920s consolidated existing alumni clubs funded significant expansion campus began holding classes school admitted female student state legislature officially authorize attendance women female graduate went female faculty member following year world war caused changes school conflict time hosted school cadet supply officers army technicians tech started reserve officer training corps unit permanent addition school world war affected school academically united_states government asked financed automotive school army officers rehabilitation program disabled soldiers geology department federal aid helped establish tech courtesy war placed hold extensive fundraising efforts new power plant difficult find engineers willing teach school toured harvard yale princeton columbia mit failed secure single hire students wished work low wages bitter rivalry mocked tech continuation football involvement world war tech military training ground complete assembly male students schools lost able bodied male students war effort forcing temporarily suspend football war fact play game renewed program student body staged parade mocked tech continuation football times war parade featured tank shaped float marked sign georgia france followed automobile people tech caps bearing sign tech atlanta printed program subsequently distributed stands similar point tech faculty able prevent riot apology act led directly tech cutting athletic ties home football games grant field commonly grant field home field tech compete athletics southern conference basketball tournament despite intense pressure tech stated change mind offered overruled resign regular season competition renew retirement agreement institutions negotiated athletic directors football team coached defeated cumberland largest margin victory college football history cumberland total net minus play positive yards cumberland beat baseball team previous year reportedly help professional players cumberland hired act infuriated amassed wins seasons led tech national title wife moved pennsylvania leaving tech hands decades slowly grew trade school university state federal governments provided little initiative school grow significantly year passed act entitled establishing state engineering experiment station change coincided federal debate establishment similar hatch act establishment agricultural experiment stations engineering experiment station consultant group dedicated assisting region industrial efforts established goal encouragement industries commerce state coinciding federal effort failed state finance new organization existed paper years presidency troubled chronic shortage funds facilities designed students serve students school received appropriation equivalent received worse inflation nearly value time able acquire increase general_assembly year increase passed subsequently differences house senate version bill unrelated tech continue running school frantic scramble funds undertaken resulting loan fund organized grant similar financial condition forced cut faculty salary drama situation improve requested appropriated leading reluctantly start charging state students tuition rates state students equivalent state students equivalent needed line credit professional fund raising effort leaving presidency late wrote atlanta constitution love found burden money state legislature run school offered substantial pay increase issue politics time financial situation hope belief developing efficient technological school legislators support spite gave state competent critics declare second engineering college nation mit way having recently spent development notwithstanding soaring enrollment donated equipment totaling thousands dollars value friends growth past summers appropriated half actually needed operation school failure appropriate additional necessary tech doors open modern successfully atlanta new_york rich men tables rich mother denied met emergency destructive cost continued technological university includes administration august elected school president noted annual report students colleges georgia smallest appropriation able convince state georgia increase school funding tenure additionally grant equivalent establish decision use money new school headed controversial today boasts second largest faculty united_states mit accomplishments administration included doubling enrollment schools creation new engineering department building major attracted national convention atlanta faculty members belonging started research club met month tech monthly subjects proposed engineering professor collection issues related tech library development development state engineering station station theoretically assist local businesses engineering problems established faculty resources group investigated existing engineering experiments universities country report compiled december great depression threatened tentative nature funding speech april proposed university system reorganized central body having university board result governor passed act established corresponding unfortunately board composed entirely graduates final act january sent letter chairman outlining priorities school depression affected enrollment dropped low gradually increased caused decrease funding turn caused decrease faculty salaries firing graduate student assistants building renovations cost saving effective july transferred control relatively large evening moved small civil engineering program tech controversial students faculty protested fearing remove programs reduce engineering department suggested lack alumni contributed decision despite pressure held ground depression significant impact athletic program athletes commerce school resulted elimination athletic scholarships replaced loan program plans industrial management department replace fall department established evolved tech president proposed technical research activity established tech examined report moved create organization selected acting director april funds allocated directly funds went previously established initial areas focus helicopter engineering later early work conducted basement shop building office producing useful technology station needed method conduct contract work outside state budget consequently formed created chancellor university system president director member council later currently serves sole contract organization faculty departments director director director station accepted higher paying job replaced chairman chemical engineering department department temporarily discontinued world war current students found wartime employment department war guidance affair occurred georgia governor exerted direct control state educational system particularly firing professor hired raise relatively low academic standards justified actions asserting intended integrate removal subsequent removal members including vice chancellor disagreed decision particularly controversial attempted place tech football star new position vice president widely criticized alumni marched capitol subsequently declined accept position response actions governor withdrew georgia state supported colleges whites including controversy instrumental loss gubernatorial elections world war resulted dramatic increase sponsored research budget industry government contracts exceeded income notably state appropriation initially prepared faculty fewer incoming contracts state cut station appropriation percent increased support industry government eventually low state support electronics communications research directors attracted research larger projects study propagation electromagnetic waves united_states navy sponsored radar research school required students able create simple electric motor regardless major world war engineering school strong military ties program swiftly enlisted war effort early traditional month semester system replaced year round year enabling students complete degrees year earlier plan students allowed complete engineering degrees active duty world war colleges universities took college training program offered students path navy commission school colleges feeding postwar changes unrest includes administration founded school assumed present july reflect growing focus advanced technological scientific research change proposed june gain momentum presidency unlike similarly named universities public university concurrent change president emeritus published story georgia tech comprehensive book length history school established barracks campus naval air station atlanta northeast atlanta time colleges georgia considered extensions state research universities belonged established engineering technology school help military personnel returning world war gain hands experience technical fields school moved land donated split time regional schools separated women attended removed women able tech women programs offered universities georgia voted allow women programs tech female engineering professor women opened women constituted graduate students enrolled fall researchers including robinson professor future director director contributed found later known scientific atlanta october initial goal marketing antenna structures developed radar branch robinson worked general manager pay year fledgling company contract resulted loss robinson request initial investors despite rocky start company managed succeed dispute station finances hand foundation scientific atlanta vice president initially president ceo scientific atlanta later handed responsibility issue potential conflicts interest role role technology transfer marketplace eventually resigned post participation ensured eventual success scientific atlanta way technology transfer efforts period saw significant expansion education programs driven largely cold war launch effort received substantial support despite slow start master science programs 1920s doctorate program firmly established students earned graduate degrees working director created new promotion system researchers use researchers held title professor despite lacking doctorate comparable qualification promotion determined irritated members teaching faculty new system approved spring qualifications promotion mirrored academic tenure track controversy successful football season tech invited play sugar bowl new_orleans school fifth straight bowl appearance renowned coach pittsburgh black starting player tech played game notre dame team recently played state games opponents president saw game contract acceptable racial tension south high following recent brown decision georgia governor privately given support surprised campus state friday december pressure sending wire chairman requesting tech play game university system georgia teams play segregated games request athletic teams units permitted engage contests teams races mixed teams segregation required spectators events south stands armageddon battle joined concession enemy dark hour struggle difference integrity race playing field classrooms break relentless seas rush destroy fight percent percent percent percent percent immediate called meeting act request necessary time enraged tech students organized impromptu protest rally campus midnight large group students hung governor ignited marched points georgia governor mansion hanging governor location students minor damage march dispersed state representative smith state capitol boys pulled fire racks adorned head civil war hero dozen governor hanged burned students march culminated riot governor mansion van comment media came saturday december years old broken contract intend start tense meeting monday decided allowed play new policy laws customs traditions host states respected games played georgia segregated policy remain exception tech condemned behavior tech students rice instead criticized lauded technique man moral conviction stand griffin ironically tech defeated pass interference black player died weeks incident january stress controversy believed shortened life integration expansion includes interim february august death served acting president january august holding title difficult find permanent replacement state laws issue integration salary gap comparable institutions short tenure acting president saw significantly increased enrollment standards efforts increase faculty salaries campus expansion including completed dedicated october left larger organizational changes integration eventual successor selection replacement remained administrator named vice president planning state law mandated immediate cut state funds white institution admitted black student meeting old gym january overwhelming majority students present voted endorse integration qualified applicants regardless race years meeting year violent integration university court order african american students registered class september started class september members press barred campus discourage behavior police officers placed campus claims met families kept eye students enrolled ensure peaceful integration little reaction tech students like city atlanta described mayor busy hate day came marched harrison house staying long pictures taken chose close restaurant near modern day losing year long legal battle challenged public accommodations section title civil rights act technique black editor tech black professor joined faculty wreck iconic ford model sport serves official mascot student body acquired era wreck present major sporting events student body functions leads football team historic grant field duty performed recognized need official wreck observed student body fascination classic cars particular parade house displays school spirit enthusiasm considered rite passage broken vehicle dull began search new official symbol represent institute specifically wanted classic pre war ford dull search employed newspaper ads radio commercials means locate vehicle search took state country suitable vehicle found autumn dull spotted polished ford model outside apartment located owner captain atlanta chief pilot johnson returned car found note dull attached dull note offered purchase car serve official mascot johnson great agreed eventually returned money car remembered official donation alexander fund wreck officially transferred assistant director research appointed director station july post served tech wrote influential article role research centers technology argued research integrated education involved research gained electronics related contracts extent created focus radar communications establishment research facilities championed appointed recommended creation large research million million research completed operate harrison administration addressed salaries competing institutions solved joint tech georgia development fund developed supplemented salaries faculty worked attract high quality faculty members schools students nation protested vietnam war including similar institutions students blocked access producing guidance systems missile technique publish editorials involvement easily defeated bill endorsing vietnam fall significant protests institutions conducted military research protests military electronics research similar nationwide concern involvement civil war resulting kent state turn caused colleges suspend classes georgia student response largely restrained students marched home president demanding school closed consequently schools closed protests tech students concerned events students faculty filled square student organized memorial students left quietly plan signaled beginning tech expansion include area west avenue decades campus western border working class neighborhood major city connecting homes downtown july harrison resigned surprise community leaked press prior official announcement subsequently released public statement saying years long president university true reasons stemmed reorganization campus administration difficulties harrison chancellor long term goals procedures rapid turnover includes interim march august interim july dean institute march harrison announced leave absence resignation effective chancellor subsequently announced interim president notable development term advancement college chairman university_of_michigan mechanical engineering department named august institute president post held resignation july president alma mater assumed vice previous month appointed acting president chancellor simpson selection interim president influenced previous experience academic administrator experience director ongoing position station board directors chancellor hoped combination help resolve controversy integrated academic units improve entities federal money sizable growing support state georgia developed products methods provided technical assistance georgia industry efforts previous station director station increasingly relied electronics research funding federal government funding academic units began suffer sharp decline state funds combined cuts federal science research education funding end space race funding boom similar institutions storm good obtaining research contracts predecessor bold controversial solution entities problems completely integrate station academic units paper dramatically increase stated research funding performed academic units increase options financial aid graduate students publicized reason gain access contract organization reserve fund said million million dean named station publicly task simply recommend plan reorganization administration clearly intended closely integrated director station time viewed violation charter established asserted authority merge institutions employees business executives involved station appealed governor georgia jimmy carter alumnus controversy received coverage technique atlanta constitution climate entered interim institute president announced april departing president july year stopped plan absolute absorption station allow plans closer control aggressive contract proceed measures increased resource sharing including increased sharing physical assets research staff evidenced increase joint faculty appointments paid fiscal year saw win new contracts grants totaling record million million deal intense public pressure fire football coach alumni accustomed success football legends career wins losses draws statistics repeated calls dismissal complaints based long list including students conduct important issue record straw season included loss longtime rival miss rebels football team peach bowl institute president chaired suffering win percentage finances traditional sources income primarily ticket sales declined result poor record relatively recent establishment professional football atlanta atlanta athletic director warned years rising academic standards limited curriculum affect athletic program meeting january board led ignored page list charges drafted alumnus voted renew contract making coach fired board voted accept resignation offered meeting went successful career particularly january announced selected new football head coach change fortunes departure field financial problems remained mascot buzz got start 1970s original mascot donned costume performed home football games rode wreck appears georgia tech blueprint mascot considered great idea big hit fans idea yellow jacket reintroduced student bland apparently unaware prior initiative paid local theme park costume designer costume wore rally prior tennessee football game obtain permission student simply field costume football game ran field fans believed character acting official member squad responded accordingly new incarnation yellow jacket mascot given adopted official mascot new buzz character model new emblem designed research expansion includes interim president year tenure president credited turning flight research institution received credit shifting roots regards providing assistance economic development state georgia decades known vietnam war launch research tied nasa local industrial development largely forgotten tenure institute progressed tier technological education institutions leadership tech research budget surpassed million mark time history vice president research faced longstanding cultural war relative merits basic research versus applied research emphasized importance increased focus research activities allowed funding academics allowed school ranking start long continuing rise simultaneously served interim director time reorganized station semi autonomous laboratories order allow develop model retains slight modifications day aftermath launch scientific atlanta subsequent disputes culture encouraged hard work encourage start ups changed administration stanford development worked change culture inspire similar atlanta tech began actively encouraging faculty staff students ways shift roots tech beginning state according oversaw application athletic league founded included seven charter members withdrawn january operated independent joined admitted april expanded members time institute celebrated centennial spearheaded tech million total million raised largest single fundraising effort date centennial time capsule placed team historians wrote comprehensive guide history engineering new south died cancer served interim president restructuring controversy includes administration interim president proposed controversial restructuring institute point colleges catch arts reorganized announced changes asking input consequently faculty members disliked management style administration sent ballots proposed changes passed slim margins restructuring took effect january seen poor light time changes considered visionary january resigned october tech opened overseas campus non profit corporation operating french law primarily focuses graduate education sponsored research undergraduate summer program sued grounds course descriptions internet site comply law requires advertisements provided french case dismissed site subsequently offers course descriptions english french german instrumental securing summer olympics atlanta september imagined grand presentation resulting presentation developed institute provided view atlanta complete graphic models non existent facilities proposed sites computer scientists recruited assemble virtual reality dimensional tour olympic venues designed term virtual reality unknown tech seven foot tall screen interactive video laser disc projection system debuted meeting san_juan puerto_rico members committee touch screen view dazzling montage animation computer graphics aerial photography video satellite photographs created depict atlanta centennial olympic games believe presentation showed atlanta major player olympics bid served create foundation city high tech theme centennial games atlanta won olympics bid dramatic construction occurred creating considered west campus order tech serve housed athletes journalists built swimming events renovated modern history includes interim present tech alumnus serve president institute summer olympics took place atlanta early tenure split creating liberal arts returning college status tenure research expenditures increased million million enrollment increased tech received tech rankings steadily improved tenure especially focused dramatic expansion modernization institute coinciding rise personal computers computer ownership mandatory students university provide fraternity houses internet access campus wireless network lawn established covers campus began offering local degree programs engineering students tech established physical campus savannah georgia called georgia tech savannah administration focused improved undergraduate research opportunities creation international plan degree option requires students spend terms abroad internationally focused courses addition spearheaded creation fund affordable low income students master plan school physical growth development created significantly revised saw revisions guidance office billion spent expanding improving campus projects include construction 10th home tech square complex completion subsequent renovations west campus renovation expanded 5th street bridge renovation new advanced computing building school taken care maintain projects dedicated preservation improvement tech tower school oldest building primary administrative center phase master plan area pedestrian friendly removal access roads addition landscaping improvements benches facilities national_register_of_historic_places listed best tech issue technique students voted construction worst tradition march appointed lead effective july tech executive vice president named interim president effective july february chancellor boulder named finalist presidential search took office september april invited join new member institution years opened undergraduate learning building named honor commitment undergraduate students dedicated birthday september gave million gift led renaming
|
History of Georgia Tech
|
Social sciences and society
|
Education
|
Education miscellanea
|
26579_CityofWashington–Washington&JeffersonCollegerelations
|
city washington relations relationship pennsylvania spans centuries dating founding city college relationship town college strong citizens washington offered donation college successful attempt lure trustees select washington nearby consolidated location college relationship strained half 20th century college pursued expansion policy clashed residential neighborhood college grew unsuccessfully attempted pass laws prohibiting college certain buildings listed historic district relations bad residents college officials engaged shouting match meeting local unsuccessfully tried block demolition condemned 1990s unsuccessful attempts challenge college tax exempt status washington appealed determination college tax exempt case went ruled favor college response passed new law colleges tax exempt separately passed ordinance levied municipal service fee college students ruled illegal struck late 1990s college town tried fences plan detailed goals future help college city work economic development environmental protection historic preservation early relations history date american frontier early years number prominent residents worked secure future college including leader served early trustee helped build hall principal washington portion modern campus donated college son founder washington citizens washington offered donation college successful attempt lure trustees select washington nearby consolidated location college conflicts expansion college campus master plan called expansion campus eastward wade avenue plan placed conflict residents area years college maintained policy purchasing homes area available able collection victorian homes area added national_register_of_historic_places college opposed designation object time prevent according president district structured prevent expansion college 1990s hard feelings residents college came head residents trying borough enact anti demolition laws block expansion meeting deteriorated shouting match residents college officials maintained expansion beneficial community opposition came small non representative group wade avenue questioned historic value designated homes pointing poor shape vacant college owned properties listed historic district end efforts block demolition buildings including historic district unsuccessful notably year old farm house south wade street college acquired vacant years moved new location outside town safety construction conflicts planning stages campus center college asked close traffic college street way street college concerned increasing frequency accidents pedestrians automobiles street pointing recent incident involving injured maintenance worker fact similar accidents previous years new campus center increase pedestrian traffic street proposal defeated city_council legal challenges college tax exempt status ruled properties owned college exempt property real estate taxes appeal reverse earlier decision denied city appealed august judge reversed board decision ruling order college qualify tax exempt status according trial court purely public charity failing criteria case specifically judge opined college founded purely public charity enterprise big business college appealed overturned judge decision september decision written judge according court satisfy requirements considered purely public charity judges appealed decision affirmed lower court decision november decision written justice according court lower court correct concluding college fact satisfy requirements entity considered purely public charity standard set case advance charitable purpose donate render substantial portion services benefit substantial indefinite class persons legitimate subjects charity relieve government burden operate entirely free private profit motive court said record demonstrates requirements fact college benefits open served members charitable class dissent justice state thought college tax exempt rest court broadly requirements private college university satisfy test obtain tax exempt status legislative response response legal challenges tax exempt status unanimously passed house bill institutions purely public charity act legislation passed days court decision unclear court rule case court decision legislation preserved tax exemption colleges maintaining status quo bill provided uniform standards determining tax exempt eligibility especially private colleges bill clarified law long term impact private colleges including hospitals nursing homes public universities president instrumental getting bill enacted named president experiences president cited election announcement pittsburgh mayor proposed tax college tuition students pittsburgh colleges case argue proposal attempts levy service fee college students passed ordinance established service fee municipal services targeted students college appealed ordinance arguing ordinance illegal tax ordinance authorized statute opinion written judge court ruled service fee actually tax fee label given merely avoid problem presented tax court noted legal basis calling ordinance tax service fee city admitted facing budgetary passed ordinance search new revenue according judge ordinance attempts raise additional revenue creating tax authorized statute case cited legal counsel local governments similar provisions improved relations installed president surprised poor state college relations city washington courtesy visit local officials early tenure mitchell officials minutes blaming college gone wrong years input colleges national initiative designed develop strategies partnership colleges local community efforts college city developed plan detailed goals future help college city work economic development environmental protection historic preservation plan included provisions college offer academic opportunities community explore moving downtown area develop student housing downtown area expand student use downtown eating shopping visiting destinations began downtown project featuring new landscaping fiber cables plan called investors comprising federal state officials banking community commercial interests potential investors conflict april location shifted feet maiden street members voted reject offer college purchase runs campus college offered value following vote mayor washington indicated votes agreement college council accept offer instead accepting offer city_council wanted levy annual municipal services fee student proposal nearly identical service fee ruled illegal fee proposal came vote march city_council voted unanimously vacate allowing college assume ownership free
|
City of Washington–Washington & Jefferson College relations
|
Social sciences and society
|
Education
|
Education miscellanea
|
26664_DartmouthCollegeGreekorganizations
|
college greek organizations host greek organizations significant percentage undergraduate student body active greek life school stated students members fraternity greek house comprising percent students percent eligible student body greek organizations provide social residential opportunities students single sex residential option campus greek organizations provide dining options regular meals service banned greek houses social grew tradition student literary societies began late eighteenth early nineteenth centuries social founded rapidly expanded include active participation half student body built dedicated residence meeting halls early 1900s 1920s struggled survive lean years 1930s institutions higher education fraternity houses 1950s involved movement create greek houses 1970s introduced campus early 2000s campus wide debate focused greek system substantially houses retain single sex membership policies currently extends official recognition sixteen male female greek houses largely governed independent councils cultural interest cultural interest participate major governing councils member organizations national associations chapter beta honor society active professional active chapters history social grew tradition student literary societies began late eighteenth early nineteenth centuries society formed rival organization called united fraternity founded chapter beta established counted members class organizations large social life available students college organizations hosted debates variety topics encountered curriculum day amassed large libraries titles found official college library united fraternity created libraries hall met room called society hall inside hall college decided intervene contested recruitment battle restricting society recruit separate halves new student class college began simply assigning new students society interest literary societies declined 1830s 1840s college library curriculum expanded include literary societies supported new greek letter societies began appear campus factions united fraternity split literary society new societies called obtained charter chapter faction split united fraternity organized july local fraternity greek organizations founded students members greek letter societies campus initially original greek letter societies extend membership year students separate greek letter organizations created exclusively delta societies dissolve upper classes began pledge chapter beta survived 1830s established role strictly literary society dropping requirements secrecy membership activities new social greek organizations distinguished beta previous literary societies ways new self selective exclusive organization developed secret rituals procedures societies began invest creating meeting halls upstairs rooms buildings main street free standing structures near campus active greek organizations expansion fraternity system fortunes fraternity system followed boom bust pattern early twentieth century organizations purchased frame houses built including beta delta alpha economic expansion 1920s created boom fortunes allowing build new brick residences near campus including alpha delta period avenue developed fraternity row new residences built significant dining facilities trustees college banned serving regular meals chapter houses limited number resident brothers fall semester college administrators challenged engaged college life focused fraternity life time college president personally decided abolish freshman rush nation went difficult times great depression decade 1930s saw building projects fraternity system houses longer afford regular maintenance great occurred winter night members died carbon poisoning metal chimney dilapidated coal basement chapter house broke night historian professor asserted survey light national suffering fraternity chapters ask excuse existence dissolved great depression alpha merged pool scarce resources order survive surviving closed duration world war campus largely exclusively educate train house navy sailors marines college training program directly involved 1950s chapter national dispute minority membership chapter reorganized local fraternity named campus wide referendum held issue resulted majority favor requiring campus eliminate racially membership policies year national groups retained policies charters binding obligation imposed college administration national organizations including chapters delta national social changes affected greek societies 1960s 1970s began question value belonging national organization chapters national 1960s political activism increased increasingly seen faculty voted adopt proposal abolish proposal rejected present dramatically change social life including fraternity system college began admitting women time students fall local psi decided adopt membership policy admit women members campus founded alumni expressed strong concerns need housing new inevitably lead financial pressure possible dissolution existing college response trustees imposed limiting campus recognized converting male membership policy save greek organization campus reorganized new fraternity organization attracted new members finally forced dissolve spring addition greek system fall transitioning affinity house college residential living programs moved avenue new location operation academic year 1980s 1990s college administrators introduced new initiatives hold greek organizations campus actions offer social alternatives predominantly single sex greek system administration announced greek organizations comply set minimum standards enforced annual reviews order remain good standing college standards included health safety regulations conditions greek houses requirements greek sponsored activities deemed beneficial college community large college introduced campus residential social alternative greek organizations similar greek houses respects required open membership policies voted change status undergraduate society joined following year newly formed society called fall president class argued favor entire greek system remarks fall academic term college president predicted greek system years college administration announced residential improve campus life speculation single sex required adopt membership policies led intense campus debate survey conducted newspaper student body responded respondents favor retaining single sex greek system december interview college president admitted mistake announce student life initiative manner presented campus expressed opinion greek system stronger single sex male largely organized represented college student led governance organization assists member greek organizations finances public relations programming judicial administration recruitment academic achievement member member member member alpha alpha chapter alpha alpha founded historically african american fraternity members fraternity traveled boston massachusetts weekends spring academic term attend pledge events chapter chapter chartered chapter alpha alpha early chapter meetings campus held fraternity secured house structure renovated today houses facing smaller membership fraternity decided relocate smaller house near western end avenue late 1980s fraternity relocated college owned apartment housing chapter alpha alpha sponsors annual step performance known green key notable alumni chapter include national_football_league star class current executive vice president major_league_baseball class alpha founded chapter national organization previous chapter merged chapter gamma delta local fraternity existence second chapter unrelated chapter men broke away national group local fraternity named chapter objected clause national fraternity organization constitution required brothers accept jesus lord land house alpha alpha fraternity owned college invested million renovations completed fall included barn structure social space brothers way new expanded basement main floor area renovations alpha alpha physical plant completed beta beta beta founded local fraternity named delta second fraternity seventh fraternity founded college fraternity changed tribute roman architect later established short lived chapters schools local brotherhood decided join national fraternity organization soon alpha chapter beta built house designed beta graduate built second house avenue notable alumni organization include limited representative new_hampshire author governor new hampshire walter businessman president owner founder athletic director member chief executive officer professional poker player politician congressman college football coach nfl football coach nfl quarterback olympic nfl quarterback actor beta suspended college occasions 1990s incident led year long period summer member beta read poem aloud house meeting deemed racist resulted calling fraternity fraternity council judiciary committee found beta guilty violations college fraternity policies college beta permanently december reported brothers beta estimated damage property soon hearing permanent decision returned campus local fraternity beta fall bones gate bones gate founded gamma gamma chapter delta delta fraternity gamma gamma chapter national organization sought officially bar minorities membership new local fraternity went unnamed brothers adopted bones gate english tavern known members known television director alumnus founded basement tube room winter combining favorite activities watching drinking bottle summer bones gate residence underwent significant structural renovations bring building college minimum standards improvements included enclosed fire escape running basement floor new bathroom ground floor rehabilitation brothers bones gate live welcoming friends house gate hangs high enjoy travel gamma delta gamma delta trace history campus gamma local fraternity founded disbanded reformed gamma delta house sought establish chapter national fraternity obtained charter national fraternity established local fraternity campus alpha sought chapter national fraternity granted charter chapter chapters found similar financial situations chapters owned prime lots near campus lacked adequate residential structures decided share resources merged new local fraternity lot owned sold new church building constructed revenue land sale supported construction new house gamma delta current location alpha national fraternity later establish chapter separate fraternity second chapter alpha national local fraternity named 1960s gamma especially known antique fire engine transported brothers dates football games sunday morning parties open survived previous night activities delta delta founded chapter national fraternity eighth fraternity founded delta scene famous murder june class shot death room delta class reportedly central figure large scale operation college early years prohibition reportedly stole canadian later night found room fraternity shot heart convicted lesser charge given sentence years hard labor sensational murder reportedly source nickname given residence delta distinguished alumni including attended time tri local fraternity founded july currently oldest local fraternity nation second permanent greek letter society established organization affiliation founded founded unfortunately adopted latin initials similar greek alphabet letters according legend sued lost judge ruled similarity initials organizations sheer coincidence society fraternity building country prominent alumni include bob known formally fraternity established psi chapter college historically latino fraternity fraternity physical plant sponsors annual semi formal dinner features guest speaker invited campus address issues latino culture fraternity supports conjunction chapter supports thirteen families brazil founded april local fraternity local fraternity new hampshire alpha chapter late 1960s house national organization felt membership better served local fraternity brothers voted national organization january vote alumni new hampshire alpha chapter february supported decision new local fraternity adopted unrelated national fraternity national continued communicate local fraternity willing offer significant financial support building renovations exchange convinced national organization reformed commitment individual chapters local fraternity voted rejoin february national organization known ongoing program development members challenge use different talents backgrounds help balanced men having sound mind sound body balanced servant leaders world communities members members moment join fraternity having endure traditional pledge period commit taking series personal leadership development challenges rest time undergraduate actually chapter adopt prominent alumni new hampshire alpha chapter include class better known chairman ceo originally formed organization created reaction perceived greek organizations time club concept based love traditions faithful friendship honorable dealings joined national fraternity system received charter delta beta chapter way honor principle similar principles expressed original charter residence purchased refurbished known green castle served chapter headquarters current house built response national fraternity membership policies fraternity went local national fraternity policies changed fraternity national summer residence underwent significant structural renovations bring building college minimum standards improve living facilities improvements included enclosed fire escape running floor floor redone kitchen bathroom new new study room alterations prominent alumni include acting solicitor general united_states delta alpha delta alpha founded chapter national fraternity early meetings fraternity held building main street meeting location moved building building burned began construction new house building completed designed lamb rich january chapter broke away national national allow minorities pledge house new local fraternity replaced letter alpha march fraternity college primary reasons punishment members started fire gamma basement door rig leadership class delta alpha applied college fall rush class formed winter current class president influential alumni include current trustees trustee pulitzer winners january fire damaged fraternity physical plant harmed house closed renovations june founded chapter national fraternity chapter national fraternity disputes national organization primarily loans national organization offer local chapter initially new local fraternity adopted national fraternity took offense likeness names period simply known address fraternity came known national headlines theme party sisters alpha delta found offensive racial stereotypes african americans gamma alumni brothers found fame major_league_baseball careers including star players class class baltimore_orioles general manager class prominent brothers include president class ceo founded local fraternity named alpha alpha granted charter chapter fraternity fraternity moved present location sold eighteenth century house built house stands today house national fraternity adopted comes medieval poem great hall warriors converge tell stories college early 1980s joined national short lived damage house college insisted having repaired safety reasons national refused help finance brotherhood opted local fraternity exchange financing renovations structure college assumed ownership property house second incarnation local fraternity brotherhood chose notable alumni include olympic psi founded fraternity built wood frame house occupies designed noted new_jersey theater architect alumnus additions half twentieth century greatly improved structure houses brothers year house recently underwent substantial renovations spring famously enjoyed winter carnival chapter house chapter creates ice pond yard winter known jumping fraternity popular activity prominent alumni chapter includes united_states vice president fund manager psi psi founded chapter national fraternity fifth fraternity founded college fraternity inactive revived inactive current psi established chapter college fraternity harassed specific fellow students violated ethical standards student organizations agree uphold periodically creating circulating members purported describe situations sexual nature members fraternity students countered truth lacks jurisdiction punish alleged violations rules regulations continued operate independent fraternity officially recognized january announced agreement allow campus early agreement dictated organization dark activities recruiting period years years alumni raised millions dollars physical plant entirely renovated story addition constructed west house basement enlarged october alumni association announced joined newly recognized fraternity january little year brothers counting single sex female largely organized represented college student led governance organization assists member greek organizations promoting values education leadership friendships cooperation citizenship members members alpha delta psi chapter alpha delta founded january local officially recognized college july sisters voted affiliate alpha delta national february local organization petition approved national charter chapter initially occupied house currently home beta announced beta house relocate fall moved newly renovated house chapter founding graduated multiple rhodes scholars chapter alpha delta national philanthropy speaks volunteer local group provides shelter education families established women organization chartered chapter national historically native american officially recognized college chapter beginning fall academic term college owned housing campus week long pledge period known honey process college governance purposes associates locally local member societies recognized march college colony international colony officially chapter april participated formal recruitment september philanthropy important sisters alpha host annual campus wide red dress gala raise money women cardiac care sisters volunteer local community service events close sisters participate bonding events like apple picking jewelry studio workshops weekly events chapter meetings semi formal formal events programming calendar founded january colony alpha national 100th colony initially met wide variety locations including basement college president house moved hall college owned house previously later temporary housing alpha sisters chapter found strict national rules primarily christian religious readings rituals organization spirit feminism chapter desired national organization unhappy colony decision rules failure follow rituals chapter notified alpha national organization unanimous vote local national organization revoked charter women chose new current residence victorian house years old national chapter campus approved council considered large pledge classes campus deciding authorize recruited members summer held formal rush fall academic term offering membership bids women delta new bedroom house built school year completed fall contains formal room kitchen library floor addition single located second floors strongest campus involved numerous endeavors including working prevent child term smile campaign sisters write encouraging messages balloons hand campus raise spirits finals week weekly meetings events like movie spa nights sisters attend formal semi formal dances delta delta local founded fall dissolution local spring decided need new replace women joined new rush fall physical plant extensively college summer building contains main meetings room kitchen porch floor second floors contain house thirteen resident sisters basement consists fireplace room pub room sisters room gamma chapter founded december second sisters sponsor events campus sister hold formal semi formal dances weekly house meetings order communicate news issues house catch week events spend time fellow sisters philanthropy important chapter activities sisters cook regular basis david house institution supports houses families sick children local hospital joint effort brothers alpha class elected united_states house_of_representatives officer undergraduate delta delta founded chapter national april moved residence inhabited gamma delta fraternity local chapter began differences national organization concerning religion rituals emphasis men national songs chapter national organization fall delta classes formed new local dedicated new organization principles strength friendship acceptance difference local delta hosted open party term addition service events actress member local class served sophomore summer formally known inc established women chapter national historically physical plant designated college owned housing chapter supports activities including events formal founded chapter house greek organization spring eventually precipitated dissolution organizing body greek organization campus followed suit remains member represents interests campus chapter unanimously voted national organization local organized represented college student led governance organization assists member greek organizations public relations programming recruitment academic achievement land residence buildings occupy alpha founded local fraternity named march group seven students fraternity received charter alpha chapter later president college joined fraternity elected house president weeks later pledge brothers died tragic accident morning february metal chimney building old coal blew night residence filled poisonous carbon gas collegiate united_states break national organization civil rights issues served president college student body passed resolution calling eliminate racial discrimination national organization constitution contained clause limiting membership fraternity april members chapter voted unanimously stop recognizing racial clause constitution learning delegation national convention later year planned raise questions clause alpha chapter national organization july house local fraternity adopted alpha male admit female members admitted class female students officially institution voted years women fraternity inactive house voted single sex male november house returned membership policy college founded local fraternity students named absorbed house sought associate national fraternity granted charter chapter national fraternity april chapter fraternity campus national organization following referendum requiring amend national charters end discrimination minorities local fraternity officially chose use retained use greek letters local corporation use include living deceased members chapter national affiliation new local independent organization new inspired fictitious london inn described general prologue canterbury tales greek organizations admit women college began admitting women students organization unofficially uses greek letters having inserted wrought iron door residence prominent alumni include president class ambassador south_korea philippines tunisia chairman class 34th premier british_columbia class american actress comedian author founded chapter national fraternity proved early leader peers area non discrimination mid-1950s leaders led demand post war era changes pace change contentious previously occasional foreign student members chapters unlike welcomed catholics jews time fraternity members protestant welcome blacks response short lived policy limited black students allowed avoid unpaid debts national broke reformed march naming national fraternity racist ironically chapter won debate issue policy caused withdraw rescinded national fraternity summer convention months later leaving chapters free pledge black members reconciliation groups remain progressive today house constitution rewritten references gender deliberately excluded making house officially accepted women students greek organization female members admitting greek house add sexual orientation non discrimination clause members refer brothers regardless gender fraternity known quarterly party featuring thousands completely replaced residence hall cost million funded sale square metres acres land college organizations inactive greek organizations process returning campus alpha alpha alpha alpha aka founded chapter national historically african american college supported dedicated apartment housing defunct spring members class unable recruit new members subsequent classes national recruitment related incident chapter february announced alpha alpha return campus resume activity spring fall organizations greek organizations dissolved years largely result financial difficulties critically low membership interest chapter national fraternity founded march national organization heard chapter lacks records student members activities chapter pursued national declared chapter dissolved fraternity dissolve chapter chapter campus close initially founded members society chapter alpha delta national fraternity house parent corporation renamed alpha delta fraternity alpha delta known inspiration movie national screenplay written class inspired pair short stories miller wrote national night seven fires lay experiences member november miller published page memoir experiences fraternity title real animal house fraternity inspired movie april alpha alpha originally founded local fraternity named local fraternity alpha chapter national fraternity faced financial difficulties great depression chapter dissolved class surgeon general united_states member final alpha pledge classes founded local fraternity local fraternity granted charter delta chapter national fraternity chapter dissolved height great depression delta chapter delta founded fourth social fraternity brothers famously involved murder fellow student men heavy drinking different sought member freshman football team finding asleep dormitory room wearing letter men felt deserve wearing beat soon died injuries delta brothers brought trial fined given suspended sentences crime response murder college president announced felt important reduce influence fraternity system campus organization renamed entirely delta delta historically african american founded time college imposed founding new lifted group recognized college fall women contacted delta national granted charter chapter spring delta provided extensive array public service point thrust program chapter dissolution sisters step annual cultural dance performance brothers alpha alpha occupied dedicated college owned apartment housing june member chapter graduated attempt recruit new members summer succeeded long chapter currently members originally founded local fraternity local fraternity chapter national fraternity fraternity national adopted local greek organizations organization decided drop association greek system entirely affinity housing programs offered college available student interested cooperative housing founded chapter national college june failed maintain active membership students chapter effort revive separating national local dissolved soon established chapter national fraternity chapter national reformed faced falling membership fraternity reformed traditional greek letter opened membership women men faced critically low enrollment finally dissolved local fraternity associated canadian local named beta beta founded local named alpha beta gained charter chapter national voted local reformed beta plagued low membership marginal financial college inspection summer discovered mercury contamination basement house college closed building remainder year negatively fall rush announced dissolution december local fraternity founded chapter national organization new local fraternity continued reside house occupied member classes fraternity reorganized fraternity named past president fraternity class passengers flight flown new_york_city september attacks founded chapter national fraternity second historically african american fraternity membership active end 1990s alpha psi national currently lists chapter inactive founded chapter national fraternity faced financial stress great depression chapter dissolved originally established chapter national national organization local named faced low membership local considered affiliation national possibility attracting new members hesitant rush small local national organization sent representatives april based report national council voted chapter dissolved chapter national fraternity established membership chapter predominantly jewish half college time national explicitly forbade membership jews chapters informal policy exclude membership jewish students national constitution accepted members religions initially accepted community efforts gain formal admission failed fraternity finally recognized spring fraternity residence purchased building originally occupied roman catholic church fraternity reside moved house north avenue chapter dissolved alpha alpha established chapter national fraternity time alpha national limited membership organization jewish men placed emphasis judaism predominantly jewish fraternity campus difficulty attracting interest mainstream jewish students campus chapter dissolved great depression alpha alpha founded local fraternity named fraternity sought associate national fraternity granted charter alpha new hampshire alpha chapter funding support national organization fraternity acquired house school street previously residence college professor fraternity moved wood house college street north green fraternity replace structure entirely new brick residence built final fraternity building projects started campus great depression alpha members encouraged national organization emulate statement written notable alumni chapter include united_states secretary treasury class class established chapter national fraternity chapter national voted gamma delta fiji gamma delta founded chapter national fraternity chapter national fraternity adopted new phoenix new local fraternity dissolved fraternity association phoenix female senior society founded psi psi psi traces heritage beta psi local fraternity founded beta psi new hampshire alpha chapter psi chapter national result national reaction chapter black pledge adopting new psi adopted formal membership policy late 1980s membership began referring organization psi fraternity changed college began program undergraduate societies open membership alternatives greek system september members voted greek system
|
Dartmouth College Greek organizations
|
Social sciences and society
|
Education
|
Education miscellanea
|
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.