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15962_TheBlackAdder
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black black series bbc sitcom written directed produced series originally aired bbc june july joint production set end british middle ages series written secret history contends king richard iii won unintentionally assassinated nephew succeeded princes tower series follows exploits second son calls black attempts increase standing father final episode quest overthrow conceived curtis working series covers number medieval issues britain humorous manner royal succession european relations conflict crown church filming series highly ambitious large cast location shooting series features dialogue adapted comic effect plot set middle ages series written alternate history opens august eve battle field series won reality played presented good king contrary view monster victory battle unintentionally killed lord richard attempts horse thinks recognizing king thinks richard stealing cuts head late king nephew richard duke york played lord father crowned lord battle arriving late later claims killed peasants nobles actually killed brother battle king england scotland flanders sons harry prince wales younger brother prince harry far father favourite king barely acknowledging second son existence running gag series father remember despite dismissive attitude second son series finale makes clear king loves harry deathbed king best console entire court drink honour episode archbishop canterbury helps father secure land church king acknowledges son mentions queen turned premise series follows fictitious reign experiences prince styles black lord duke northumberland intelligent servant status end series events converge accepted history king entire family poisoned allowing throne king henry vii history presenting monster eliminating reign history books reality richard duke york princes tower years old years dead took place young adult sons notable title duke edinburgh scotland independent kingdom ruled different royal house inception ninth century exception periods turmoil scottish wars independence given alternate history possible history scotland episodes episodes series written originally shown bbc wednesday evenings episode ran roughly minutes series began june episodes based medieval theme wars roses royal succession conflict crown church arranged marriages plague final episode follows planned coup état series broadcast shortly bbc television shakespeare productions shakespeare plays wars roses plays followed shown january actors enhance parody history played shakespeare productions cast villainous sean irish played shakespeare played episode character development series character black somewhat different later incarnations largely naive character evolve series begins showing signs descendants like final episode begins insulting making plans evolution follows naturally character situation black title adopts episode considering black vegetable presumably descendants adopted surname title character production development developed idea sitcom working eager avoid comparisons critically acclaimed proposed idea historical sitcom pilot episode episode series commissioned pilot episode covering basic plot born king speaks dresses generally looks acts like later descendants second series onwards reason given instead changed series stated remember exact reason suggested wanted complicated character implying change driven writing instead lead pilot curtis admitted documentary recording began producer came asked character curtis realised despite writing funny lines idea supposed play 25th anniversary documentary added cameras roll time suddenly realised wasn sure voice use character filming budget series considerable location shooting particularly castle northumberland surrounding countryside february authentic reconstruction medieval monastery church episode archbishop series large casts extras horses expensive medieval style costumes filming castle hindered bad weather snow visible outdoor location shots suffer making programme having trim hair medieval style wearing selection said making series series odd extravagant cost million pounds programmes lot money spend looked great wasn consistently funny liked cast robinson stated radio documentary originally offered later found small actor offered role turned series featured number guest roles featuring noted actors queen spain beard narrated series black seal title sequence music title sequence consisted stock shots riding horse location interspersed different shots silly things usually shot king richard credit closing titles similar sequence riding eventually falling horse chasing credits series included additional dialogue william_shakespeare glorious television series incarnation theme exception pilot featured different arrangement opening theme trumpet solo accompanied orchestra end titles theme gained mock heroic lyrics sung member final episode theme sung reflective style series incidental music unusually performed pipe organ percussion awards criticism series won international emmy award popular arts category series voted second place bbc britain best sitcom votes series advocate complimentary series suggesting confused expensive members cast crew looking documentary rides particularly complimentary series recalls colleague commented time series looks million dollars cost million pounds admits proud result time high cost series controller time second series commissioned reluctant second series major improvements cost cutting leaving gap years broadcast condition remained largely studio bound releases complete series black available region dvd complete box set series earlier vhs release series produced september series available region dvd box set complete series complete collected series specials disc complete set published released selection episodes documentaries appearances featured extra material released audio time vhs releases february released episodes black single videos september episodes released complete double vhs releases episodes released single video release october
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The Black Adder
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Media and drama
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Television
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Other television series, 1980s debuts
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19615_EdgeofDarkness
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edge darkness british television drama serial produced association originally broadcast minute episodes late mixture crime drama political thriller revolves efforts policeman played truth murder daughter emma played investigations soon lead world government corporate cover ups nuclear espionage pitting dark forces threaten future life earth writer greatly influenced political climate time dominated government secrecy surrounding nuclear industry implications hypothesis combined crafting thriller real world concerns mystical elements original ending fantastic eventually finished serial proposed turn tree vetoed members cast crew broadcast met widespread critical acclaim days earned repeat winner prestigious awards remains highly regarded day cited best influential pieces british television drama series director filmed remake released january starring set united_states plot leave yorkshire police officer returning home daughter emma having picked meeting environmental organisation university campus home emma shot dead police concentrate effort theory murder attempt life criminal responsible goes emma belongings discovers counter gun learns emma body possessions radioactive travelling london assist inquiry contacted polished official attached prime minister office informs emma known terrorist target shadows continues investigations visited emma ghost car emma killer match man arrested years previously takes meet colleague informs emma member subversive anti nuclear group called team members led emma broken low level radioactive waste facility dead missing makes televised appeal information emma killer contacted cia agent associate shows cia file emma activities suspicious nearby reservoir contaminated radioactive material occurrence alerted cia leading believe illegally storing played hard professional sense humour passion ballroom dancing keen find source purpose burden proof police close suspect severely injured fall trying escape dying tells working terrorist convicted northern_ireland emma boyfriend tells investigating hot cell later killed meets house_of_commons inquiry taking place sale owners owned tells believes emma death returning yorkshire emma funeral refused permission seek warrant enter returning home observed breakthrough breaks house intent killing demands tell working shot police contact mac colleague time northern_ireland gains access terminal connected computer checks records emma learns acting orders dimensional map computer contacts asks accompany inside penetrate discover hot cell sealed following explosion consequence attempted break orders cia enters hot cell steals house_of_commons inquiry chief executive forced admit presence deaths team fusion escape dying radiation poisoning makes scotland hosting nato conference directed energy weapons present conference announces british government approved purchase speaks cold passion power conquer galaxy audience military civilian officials uniform takes nuclear crusade stars finishes bringing bars removed causing accident nearby emma ghost appears tells time black flowers grew warming earth preventing life extinct tells black flowers returned melt polar destroying mankind life continue goes dissuade step plan cause nuclear explosion scotland rest succeeds secret service follow kill like fatally exposed radiation mountains die calling emma mountains emma predicted black flowers growing planet war humanity principal credits cast played actor known theatre time cast appeared minor roles television creating role drew experience gained years played title role notable roles included natural lies died played began acting childhood appearing long running soap opera coronation street present age appeared supporting roles series including reilly ace spies following edge darkness cast equally regarded bbc television serial written moving hollywood appeared films willow scandal shattered television mini series kennedy year marriage actor credited cast acting 1960s known roles lead detective series starred original film walking tall script impressed agreed lower usual fee later cast director cia agent james_bond film role reprised tomorrow dies played established character actor appeared devil crown acted television productions fortunes war present early role played went act wide variety film television parts including englishman went hill came mountain nature calls regular roles present rome regular appearances winston_churchill bbc revived doctor faces familiar british viewers appeared course episodes including superior ross emma boyfriend chief executive intelligence agent blake cast members colonel security chief playing television reporters labour long standing bbc visual effects designer contributed visual effects series received brief cameo police breakthrough played crew writer creator long running bbc police drama wrote screenplay films italian job scripts television series created brother reilly ace spies following edge darkness wrote films red heat died september director developed reputation handling action credits including professionals years campbell moved feature films directing james_bond films casino mask vertical limit legend producer worked play today produced black stuff subsequently spun highly acclaimed boys produced conspiracy thriller following edge darkness continued british television high profile successful producers appointed head bbc responsible programmes friends north final plays karaoke acted series adviser leading commentator nuclear affairs best known book nuclear power following edge darkness acted specialist adviser study continues contribute policy debate energy environmental issues advice aspects serial provided detective famous pursuit train music musical score provided approached provide score producer shortly brought screening brazil scored suggested collaboration hollywood successful film composers writing scores blockbuster films including lethal weapon series die hard films prince thieves men died aside soundtrack time preacher christian militia shells thirty ought featured series record player terry body found time preacher emma room episode later emerges familiar song sing occasions lyrics significant music illustrate stories disaster following year performed movie main theme nights period background origins writing story detective turns tree writer told colleagues asked working early nineteen frustrated bbc political dimension drama whatsoever chosen write political story believing election prime minister united_kingdom ronald_reagan president united_states brought major shift global political landscape motivated write concern arising issues protests war unrest miners arising cold war fear born christians cold war warriors appeared running united_states written draft eventually stage called reference type nuclear trade union problems nuclear industry script given encouraged continue development script changes revisions reaching final form particular influence speech president ronald_reagan march announcing strategic defense initiative ground based space based systems proposed protecting united_states attack nuclear missiles supporters time presidential candidate based character owner influenced culture secrecy surrounding policy nuclear power light inquiry construction nuclear power station concerns safety record nuclear plant led conceive chief executive major influence hypothesis earth single living system self maintain conditions life formulated climate scientist book new look life earth environmental organisation involved drew notion black flowers seen serial conclusion passage book describes dark marsh grass grew surface earth trapping heat time planet cold sustain life notion serial influenced real political events long time television drama notably article theatre magazine encore titled home statement new drama television sought free camera dialogue free structure natural time exploit total absolute television camera edge darkness producer noted mystical dimension imagination instincts visual non crafted serial hand placed events real present day world placed realm mystical realism authenticity provided appearances real life television presenter labour use contemporary stock footage interview references real persons like places alongside references fictitious characters places contained plot mystical dimension provided emma ghost provided influenced real thames hudson examined pagan origins legend saw modern day confront threats earth behalf conceived knight marches defended borders eastern_europe opposed saw descendant according legend guarded special wisdom temple dome rock jerusalem aspects reach serial conclusion envisaged having found stolen shot sniper transformed tree production keen serial production offered scripts producer immediately impressed scenes episode leave depicting reaction emma death describing sustained individual grief remember budget set million came american producer director came board shortly soon clashed demanding particular notion known emma involvement right start removed campbell behest clashes script occurred star conclusion character turn tree recalled didn working script terms wouldn able work audience view echoed felt likely come effect introducing instead concept black flowers seen finished production elements original vision persist final script example episode burden proof ghost emma urges undergoes breakdown strong like tree shooting began july ran months december location filming took place london including international yorkshire including headquarters railway headquarters building leeds computer home scotland including addresses nato conference president reagan policy formulated wales including doubling hot cell set constructed factory entire shoot production continued known title briefly considered serial renamed april shoot progressed apparent cast crew potential hit hands recalled think knew making good piece work told reporters haven feeling years wonderful time actually works broadcast critical reception promoted cover listings magazine radio_times broadcast monday nights beginning november serial averaged audience million viewers run critical response generally positive commentators concentrating praise performance scale programme political themes good television thriller hard find promises best wrote times central character played gift looking tragic intelligent simultaneously humour lift superb characterisation flesh stock situation listener praised serial ambitious compelling piece fiction speaking bbc review programme writer said piece television drama levels think plot level think level emotion think looks absolutely wonderful shot like feature film impressed television critic sunday_times initially hailed series stayed mind stay long portrayal human grief later felt beginning find slightly irritating final episode insult considerable following aware critical buzz surrounding quickly announced series repeated stating think reach wider audience deserves duly shown double episodes consecutive nights december december fastest time original broadcast repeat bbc history repeats accompanied organisation depicted programme connected publishing company supported paid edge darkness doubled audience million viewers cultural significance tapped cultural concern nuclear power nuclear warfare early mid nineteen current affairs programme broadcast documentary examined prepared britain nuclear attack day american movie nuclear war aired seeing release feature film showing winner outcome nuclear war bbc broadcast eighth day documentary effects nuclear winter threads drama nuclear attack sheffield saw screening nuclear war television film war game banned television rode wave secretive nature state fact week death rock deaths provisional members gibraltar secret society undisclosed matters public interest led bbc director general fiction films defence realm television british coup edge darkness continues regarded day repeated sean day lewis wrote daily_telegraph edge darkness masterpiece rare television creations rich form content spectator wishes way indefinitely writing british 1980s said captured spirit age went far drama time pushed expectations thriller form limits genre analysis serial formations 20th takes remarkable works art british television according british television drama history climate possibilities production social issue drama limited proved adapting changed circumstances adopting thriller format possible produce ambitious progressive television drama britain mid-1980s view echoed notes series echoed descended radical politics years united_kingdom television historian described series possibly finest bbc drama television programmes element said worked complete effect studies television called best police drama series television said method investigative drama public life investigative journalism edge darkness placed fifteenth fourth position dramas featured list list describing gripping innovative drama fully deserves cult status awards radio_times television editor listed greatest television programmes seven dramas listed broadcast magazine list influential television programmes published july march placed channel_4 list greatest dramas channel listed eighty fourth list greatest characters awards received nominations won awards bafta awards won best drama series serial won best actor nominated best actor nominated best actress won best original television music won best film won best film editor won best film sound nominated best makeup nominated best graphics nominated best design television critics awards won awards won best actor joint winner nominated best actor won best drama series hollywood adaptation hollywood remake released cinemas released january january february australia plays film directed directed original media released vhs bbc release cbs north_america time soundtrack released album entitled original script episode final scripts episodes serial published script book included introduction giving background story main characters second giving comments script experts nuclear power police procedures serial issued vhs issued serial dvd issued regions extra features including secrets edge darkness specially making documentary isolated soundtrack score interview contemporary report programme bafta wins coverage programme wins awards region dvd set released november
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Edge of Darkness
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Media and drama
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Television
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Other television series, 1980s debuts
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24844_TheBill
|
bill bill british police procedural television series broadcast itv october august programme originated drama broadcast august final year air bill broadcast week usually hour format programme focused lives work shift police officers particular aspect police work bill longest running police procedural television series united_kingdom longest running british television series title originates old bill slang term police highly acclaimed fans critics series attracted controversy occasions episode broadcast criticised featuring fictional treatment multiple series faced general criticism concerning levels violence particularly prior occupied pre watershed slot bill won awards including writers guild great_britain award inside soap awards series fourth consecutive win seven year run programme broadcast main itv network later years episodes repeated week broadcast series repeated digital stations including gold watch dave drama march executives itv announced network intend bill filming series cease june episode aired august history bill originally conceived relatively new television writer drama originally titled production old bill picked itv franchise holder retitled thames storyboard series dramas broadcast itv title august starred police constable london attached fictional sun hill police station originally intended impressed itv extent series commissioned broadcast october post watershed episode week featuring hour long separate storyline episode series episode series funny business changed bill years series broadcast july onwards year week summer break july series changed episodes thirty minutes week july onwards series began broadcast year round summer break increasing week beginning episode broadcast bill returned hour long episodes later twice weekly friday episode dropped point series adopted approach took executive producer drive ratings series revamped bringing soap opera type feel stories veteran characters written leading sun hill fire stated necessary introduce plausible powerful new characters new serial format characters personal lives explored viewers don home change allowed bill reflective modern introduction officers ethnic minorities notably new superintendent allowed coverage relationship homosexual storyline determined explore rival took executive producer serial format dropped bill returned stand episodes focus crime personal lives officers saw episode titles dropped bill moved slot previously held theme tune replaced major overhaul series cancellation march itv announced series later year years air itv said decision reflected changing tastes viewers episode bill filmed june broadcast august followed documentary titled farewell bill fans started save bill campaign social networking website facebook effort persuade itv reconsider cancellation radio broadcasters including presented special features programme cancellation time series end august bill united_kingdom longest running police drama longest running british television series series finale entitled respect aired parts dedicated men women past present finale storyline concerned gang member involved murder fellow member died arms inspector smith stabbed gang raped talked police found person responsible held gunpoint title finale executive producer said called respect hope respect heritage finale episodes featured cast final scene specially written cast members featured following final episode itv aired documentary entitled farewell bill featured interviews past present cast crew members finale watched million viewers farewell bill averaging million viewers broadcasting production filming locations series filming locations sun hill police station series police station consisted set buildings buildings news international plant winter industrial action resulted thought real police actually actors working bill working conditions got dire production team realised needed find base set sun hill police station second location old record distribution depot filming began march owners road site ordered bill redevelopment plans area extensive search sites selected favourite disused hospital fell second option chosen old wine distribution warehouse march disguised screen ongoing refurbishment sun hill police station finally explosion terrorist car bomb station car park ended killing filming series took place london mainly particularly london borough sun hill set located locations filmed housing estate included kingston south west london high path estate south west london minute walk sun hill set estate london estate includes housing block regularly bill filming demolished november scenes filmed east london notably scenes filmed sun hill bill set sun hill police station fictional unit creator bill claimed named street home town fictional sun hill suburb located fictional london borough east end north river_thames borough approximately real life years bill police station actually stated located london address police station given sun hill road corresponds real life areas production details filming bill scenes enacted indoors surrounding actors extra sounds dubbed later aggressive scenes filmed indoors dubbing safety reasons filming scenes involving police cars camera attached outside car feeds images digital recorder vehicle technique film new opening titles bill series added later dubbing suite bill permission use location police uniforms series genuine making bill unique police dramas series ended london talks production company bought kilograms police related including flat caps stab etc prevent falling hands criminals seek use criminal activities programme production ceased bill unique police dramas takes serial format work lives single shift police officers particular area police work unique bill adapted format series comparable series started serial format broadcast united_kingdom initial broadcast bill shown itv itv regional franchise opted broadcasting series number dramas decision later subject legal proceedings main itv network legal dispute settled april itv receiving million aside repeats episodes occurred original week broadcast regularly repeated digital stations runs series began november new digital channel began broadcasting channel broadcast repeats series nearly sixteen years october channel given owners network sixteen year period runs series covered episode broadcast october march october launched new british drama channel point episodes series broadcast slot channel broadcast episodes december taken channel schedule poor viewer feedback fourteen months broadcast channel covered episodes broadcast august february january relocated bill recent entertainment channels watch watch began airing episode sweet revenge broadcast march continued broadcast order carrying predecessor finished course year channel continued broadcast episodes years concluding november episode conviction judgement day broadcast july following short break network series returned december beginning broadcast february continued broadcast order episodes repeated carrying network finished april watch repeated single episode february february begin airing episodes march july started broadcast channel drama starting episodes broadcast outside bill broadcast different countries australia bill shown final episode shown october farewell bill shown following week october wednesday february commenced repeating entire series pilot episode afternoon weekday timeslot early morning repeats pay television services australia new_zealand older episodes broadcast denmark series retitled law disorder episodes series broadcast afternoon charlie ireland series broadcast television starting early 1990s early 2000s began broadcasting weekday splitting hour long episodes half hour episodes discontinued moving monday nights showed episodes ain moved prime time slot midnight slot thursday nights remained player sweden series retitled broadcaster broadcast daily early afternoon repeat early following morning themes title sequences pilot episode series featured short theme composed theme specifically episode time main series title sequence episode consisted simply word letter letter writing opening sequence bill seen episode funny business sequence consisted police officers male female walking street whilst images sun hill interspersed sequence series featured version series iconic theme tune composed theme notable use meter end titles series simply showed feet police pounding beat second series opening sequence consisted police car racing street blue flashing light car stop camera blue light clips shown series characters action chasing suspects sequence kept version ending credits series sequence series fourth series onwards opening sequence kept generally clips series regularly updated remove departed characters date events minor changes sequence included changing ford sierra replaced sequence seen overtaking bus halt main sequence starting end credits series remained new version composed january starting hard cash episode fourteenth series title sequence theme nearly years scrapped time title sequence consisted police procedural images including suspect shown police cell suspect interviewed posing shot photographs clips actors featured removed initial sequence involving police car racing street morgan revamped giving jazz feel majority theme played saxophone end credits series completely revamped time credits featured images uniform combined images feet tapping longer version final credits time composed opening closing sequences nearly years saw minor updates text sequence start opening sequence changed different font images police uniform feet tapping curb removed closing sequence way preview episode closing sequence remained way opening titles updated remove certain images sequence shorter noted period previously bill segment aired title sequence inform views occurred episode february starting going fourteenth episode seventeenth series opening closing sequences scrapped way completely new sequence theme time opening sequence consisted montage image entire cast backed darker slower version closing credits featured montage police related images backed new version opening sequence designed visuals company blue new arrangement produced titles remained essentially years small updates font closing credits changed end characters featured opening sequence updated remove characters departed include new characters titles broadcast episode notable characters titles appeared appeared titles episode appear episode months later february starting episode opening closing sequences updated time opening sequence consisted generic police images police car uniform new arrangement opening closing sequences background closing sequence designed company blue simply police shade blue generic images removed year use titles updated changed exception police shade blue changed dark shade black january starting episode opening closing sequences changed time opening sequence time features image sun hill sign returns featuring images officers action sequence featured new arrangement arranged time closing sequence follows police car patrol watching drives streets sun hill titles nearly half years july programme underwent major overhaul opening sequence theme heavily changed time classic theme completely removed new theme created producer stated echoes heard theme opening sequence featured patrol car driving streets sun hill closing sequence follows patrol car time overhead view titles remained final episode theme tune replaced final version homage episodes bill commissioned series itv started episodes year hour long separate storyline format changed year round broadcast thirty minute episodes week expanded thirty minute episodes week broadcast format changed hour episodes week episodes recorded bill began broadcasting major reduced broadcasting week bill finished episodes broadcast special episodes bill broadcast live episodes celebrate twentieth anniversary pilot second celebrate birthday itv live episode episode originally broadcast october produced crew staff including seven camera crews reported live television broadcast programme filming largely confined studio detective constable juliet constable held hostage man called mark held hostage carrier station yard raises custody suite alarm rest station arrive outside mark makes known intends kill police permission break carrier find juliet stabbed rushed hospital attempts fail episode watched million viewers special later released dvd united_kingdom october network dvd soap box volume live episode episode broadcast september episode revealed assumed false identity revealed operating brother fact episode real arrived meet mother episode sun hill police station hosting reception party police arrive taken hostage distraught father son killed stolen car struggle shot fired building incident evacuation station superintendent encourages attempt man real shot real rushed hospital false threatens identity switch secret series special episodes titled bill uncovered produced reflect stories select characters events bill uncovered des story unusual friendship traversing history des day sun hill death sun hill cell second bill uncovered story story met death outside sun hill special bill uncovered jim story story day sun hill pilot bill uncovered recounts extraordinary events surrounded sun hill time charge review second specials criticised increasingly series characterised special outing covering bill plot editions released dvd australia bill series dvd april special programme called bill famous light 25th anniversary broadcast saw actors special guest stars telling accounts working changed lives included old favourites popular personalities crossover episode german series entitled proof life broadcast november following bill final episode august hour special titled farewell bill broadcast special explored history series gave viewers scenes look filming episode special later release dvd australia october episode respect cast bill large regular cast support number episodes produced year working bill rite passage british acting actors having formed series main cast series began number cast members played multiple roles series british soap operas dramas notable cast members numerous actors appeared bill considerable length time careers bill significant impact following list notable expanded version available list characters bill played character cold police officer notably having murdered forcing beech run sparking don beech scandal leaving bill murray career included stint gangster murderer films rise character spawned beech run beech tony played sergeant shot dead daughter boyfriend profit insurance money fund drug habit storyline formed basis opening episode spin murder investigation team tony appeared doctors played later promoted enemies sun hill villains chief superintendent pearson tried frame corruption inquiry leaving bill enjoyed guest stint appeared professionals casualty judge voiced doctor audio adventure character spawned spin played later promoted marriage june collapsed built gambling debts character left leaving appeared played character leaving injured accidentally shot character later brief appearances series including storyline involving niece later joined station prior appearing bill richard appeared number programmes including open hours britain played lines character written having accepted position lloyd sacked turning work drunk lloyd died week dismissal played character written resigning grounds death colleagues bomb blast learning stewart attempted suicide set played character written series taking driving instructor post producers felt didn fit style new cole episode shown november departure meant end year association programme played later promoted sergeant june appearing character retired screen relationship came abrupt end left bill longest serving cast member history bill held world record longest time actor portrayed police character played later promoted smith appearances series prior regular cast member appearances british serial dramas including road casualty played later promoted superintendent character regular role aside bill small appearances number british television series including robin professionals casualty doctor played appeared twice playing different roles notably criminal joining cast regular following year left series temporarily culmination storyline character raped guest appearances returning regular ratings bill popular drama united_kingdom countries notably australia series attracted audiences million viewers ratings peaked overhaul brought fire episode officers killed live episode attracted million percent audience share immediately following bill time slot change reported programme attracted million viewers audience share lost bbc new tricks daily_mirror later reporting itv schedule change million viewer drop ratings prior paul appointment executive producer bill ratings dropped approximately million viewers advertising revenues fallen demographic viewers leading itv order saw series adopt serial format independent reported bill thursday episode viewed approximately million people fall approximately million viewers space months cast resulting sun hill fire april reported bill attracted million viewers highest figure year point october program million viewers week bill averaging million viewers comparison coronation street attracting million viewers daily_mirror reported bill moved post watershed slot allow cover storylines reported time british television itv broadcast drama year slot happened end july bill averaging million viewers episodes week reports week october saw million viewers watch bill awards bill achieved number awards time air ranging bafta particularly best recurring drama category bill nominated award best soap continuing drama beating coronation street nominations list soap nominated results announced march episode bill won impact history bill britain longest running police drama compared similar serial format series bill seen little direct competition british television police procedural genre year history bbc twice launched rival series ran cancelled poor ratings problems cast second launched spin successful medical drama spin long running casualty scheduled head head bill prompting brief ratings war cancelled bbc largely poor ratings bill started majority opposed programme claiming portrayed police racist organisation feelings programme extent executive producer met sir commissioner met decided editorial relationship police programme sufficient young stressed bill bound police despite better relations police bill controversy bill repeatedly criticised high levels violence portrayed scenes especially prior occupied pre watershed timeslot specific story lines come fire media surrounding gay kiss episode broadcast march featured fictional treatment multiple leading brand plot irresponsible series criticised tabloid press replacing iconic theme tune effort spin offs related series year run bill spawned spin productions related series german dutch languages series documentaries following list notable bureau dutch interpretation series produced programme lasted series running nominated ring award best television programme netherlands series released dvd die german interpretation series decent script writers hard find time german producers given licence use scripts british series series produced running nearly episodes spin main british series following frank transfer promotion programme lasted single series episodes debuting july series created produced october series released dvd australia disc set mit murder investigation team spin main british series lasting series drama began group mit officers investigating drive shooting sgt sun hill years series consisted hour episodes second series consisted ninety minute episodes series created produced starred bill parish merchandise vhs dvd books novels music event merchandising
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The Bill
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Media and drama
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Television
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Other television series, 1980s debuts
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28007_BlackadderII
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second series bbc sitcom written aired january february series set england reign sees principal character lord tudor attempting win favour queen avoiding execution fate series saw number significant changes format black notably replacing second writer filming studio sets location introduction familiar character intelligent plot series set era principal character lord great grandson original member london aristocracy unlike intelligent cynical outlook series follows attempts win favour queen elizabeth aided hindered intelligent servant lord heir friendship series chief rival lord queen lord chamberlain fear queen attempts supporting queen current interested comic relief court provided queen series intelligent main trio stupid idea proposed person history human beings act foil new found intelligence series obsession apparently arose botanical error confused vegetable shaped lord remained similar character original series sidekick plots respect stated character bears resemblance sir shakespeare twelfth night black series featured tongue cheek references shakespeare plays shakespeare mentioned number times contemporary famous quotations twisted comic effect particular episode bells follows similar plot twelfth night episodes series aired episodes broadcast bbc january february head originally intended episode filmed resulted small continuity error lord having beard head bells addition early scenes head principal characters introduced audience highlighted production development high cost series controller programming bbc reluctant sign second series major improvements cost cutting leaving gap years series wish continue writing second series writer stand comedian chosen replace according producer particularly keen choice age series sexy age kids relate stand comic acted studio warm comic audience filming began scripts principal rehearsals actors according script murder mystery style episode dropped writers felt work filming cost effective principally filmed specially designed small sets created designer sets constructed rebuilt period studio filming normal studio series particular queen throne room room featured episode unique sets episode including execution chamber head spanish dungeon chains outside location shoot series took place principal filming thursday wiltshire outdoor scenes scene bells end title sequences studio recordings shot live audience began sunday june recording head subsequent episodes filmed weekly basis sequence bells potato money beer chains director keen action shot spontaneously complex costume changes special effects required recording halted reputed said filming bit like shakespeare audience like sitcom cast size principal cast reduced compared previous series fixed number characters appearing episode quoted saying familiar cast series work comparing friendly bunch school lord lord heir england stephen lord lord chamberlain series featured significant cameo role episode notable appearances playing lord bells figures famous roles science fiction series potato appeared previous series comedy partner appearing twice drunken beer final episode evil prince later given larger role george series bob played classmate appearance characters seen similar later series music titles opening titles accompanied mock arrangement theme played recorder electric guitar feature black snake marble table snake wishes eventually removed replaced related episode title series single opening ominous string imagery parody opening credits bbc television adaptation closing titles use different arrangement theme sung lyrics usually insulting reflect events preceding episode song played shot formal garden annoyed wielding sequence incorporated separate subplot constantly attempting musician time limited success end final episode catches repeatedly fountain releases complete series available region dvd complete box set series recently remastered edition including commentary selected episodes earlier vhs release series produced series available region dvd box set complete series addition audio recording taken television episodes available cassette compact disc vhs releases october released episodes single videos september episodes released complete double vhs releases episodes released single video release october dvd releases
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Blackadder II
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Media and drama
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Television
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Other television series, 1980s debuts
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2224_TrainKeptA-Rollin'
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train kept train kept train kept song recorded american jazz rhythm blues musician originally performed style jump blues borrowed lyrics earlier song set upbeat shuffle arrangement inspired musicians perform record important contribution reworked guitar riff driven song features early use intentionally distorted guitar rock music popularized song early psychedelic blues rock song largely toned guitar work theirs soon copied arrangement recordings variety musicians guitarist joined group recorded updated version new lyrics film highly charged rhythm section dual lead guitar attack seen forerunner heavy metal broke train kept adopted concert opener page new band early later touring years song important early live repertoire recorded second album version actually song slower groove oriented arrangement second uses turned hard rock standard staple classic rock radio remains popular tunes train kept performed recorded numerous artists original song band recorded train kept performed song mid tempo jump blues uses bass line shuffle rhythm introductory section features singing answered chorus verses delivered lively vocal style followed instrumental break style tenor saxophone solo backed drummer heavy lyrics use early jazz references lyrics based cow cow song singing cowboy rewrote lines learned city hip little old meet new scenario king records single lists songwriters subsequent recordings train kept credit pseudonym owner bmi performing rights organization lists songwriters composers according music historian added allow share publishing royalties label owners routinely days identity remains mystery recording session took place october cincinnati ohio paul participants alto gore tenor piano bass issued song inch rpm seven inch rpm records late billboard magazine reviewed release commented jump singer comes sic great vocal novelty solid chorus orchestra swing band backing tune builds way catch lot change appear charts nation popular songs compiled billboard records reached train kept remains best known recording continues popular dancers type swing dance rendition reworked song early rock roll arrangement trio version features guitar lines historians consider recorded example intentionally distorted guitar rock music blues recorded effect years earlier trio guitarist explained noticed sound accidentally dropping power tube later wanted sound reach tube utilized effect song main instrumental feature note minor key guitar line repeated recounted came signature guitar riff dressing room loose tube johnny playing chord playing position fingers play octaves thumb middle index finger wasn singing train kept song got doom doom doom later told barn cut stuff said let hear started said let day recording train kept trio recorded version big honey features extensive use riff released songs single september later authors argue guitar sound train kept created distortion commonly highly early 1950s guitar point recording higher strings sound relatively clean low string having distortion tube malfunction strings distorted equal degree authors add difference sound achieved pole piece low string raised higher rest allowing strings argue nashville session guitarist provided guitar parts trio recording base stylistic technical qualities time martin accomplished player qualities apparent work recordings versions english rock group recorded train kept american tour based adaptation biographer comments power driven version radically original recording old number obscurity turned classic classics lead guitarist fan early said introduced song group heard play riff loved version group producer states use blues imitate train sounds tour inspired band adaptation song song opens volume swells guitar simulate train whistle band launches song rhythm guitarist bassist following riff song combined takes vocal differences lyrics come bars following vocal section rhythm changes shuffle bar harmonica guitar bridge sets stage solo returning original rhythm double tracked vocal section brief rave section second solo rave describe middle instrumental section song beat shifts double time instrumental improvisation gradually builds climax signature sound represent earliest psychedelic blues rock cream according second guitar solo extends bar sections features early use tone distortion effects pedal describes work relatively complex solos rendition new standard subsequent musicians follow song recorded studio memphis tennessee september recording new_york_city september train kept included studio second american album having rave issued november song american studio recording man released mid-1970s group disbanded song staple band concerts recorded live versions appear albums june bassist left record producer initial replacement known studio guitarist soon switched guitar second guitarist taking bass page board dual lead guitar teams popular rock movie director saw group september performance royal albert hall london impressed version song requested perform train kept upcoming film weeks later group entered studios london recorded october unable secure movie performance rights song publisher singer wrote new lyrics renamed included credits band members introduced updated arrangement new lyrics biographer describes new version brutal menacing violence heavy metal opens new drum guitar feedback train whistle simulation unlike earlier song vocal double tracked play harmonica rhythm remains riff song guitar work page contributing lead guitar parts called revolutionary opening wall feedback use chords guitar duet october filmed lip song scene staged set designed resemble popular london club direction guitar manner song performed film edited doubled increase length story line later included blow soundtrack album appears compilation albums train story ultimate departure late continued regularly perform train kept original lyrics arrangement followed playing guitar parts live performances page later released live featuring rave performances shortly left searched new musicians successor band future members rehearsed time song played train kept giants walked earth biographer quotes page train immediately powerful don remember played like mean moments groups intense like lightning flash sort went wow song included early performances new featured opening number tours included albums interview early mtv video host pointed characterize music heavy metal described recording american tour recording somebody heard doesn heavy metal sounding later revived final tour europe studio version recorded solo artist page recorded sessions version similar version version brought train kept hard rock mainstream performed song prior joining perry recalled train kept song common got band played train tom played band blues song follow roots way thought play song perry band began performing song regularly moved performance tyler recalled band opened seen play previous summer band supporting gig october found jeff left band jimmy playing lead guitar watched edge stage knocked train kept heavy band song early feature concerts frequent closer including gig wanted record live version song producer persuaded record studio version actually consisted different versions song slower groove oriented second spirited rocker second live sound douglas overdubbed crowd noise concert bangladesh benefit organized george_harrison worked brought record guitar parts according hunter wagner wanted solos equal sit material totally didn want look like rhythm guitar player lead guitar player hunter later elaborated work long wait waiting lobby head asked hey feel like playing said sure grabbed guitar went run sic jack said great turned opening solos train kept train kept included second album wings edited version song added audience noises released single appear record charts song continues highlight group shows album version staple album oriented rock classic rock radio identified recordings inspired tyler perry occasionally performs hears comments like hey like angle tune song featured live compilations live classics live joint joint version perry heard little bit star banner end additionally band known play different versions song regular version song slowed version called slow train occasions tyler perry performed song artists roses page plant band performed song live japanese hard rock duo appears music video game master track appears guitar hero final encore game performed song included extra track music dimension dvd recognition legacy johnny rock roll trio rendition train kept included exhibit songs notes song lasting appeal discusses renditions riot stevens screaming lord hip twisted sister sums influences versions evolved jazz big band swing small combo rhythm blues blues rock acid rock heavy metal punk points train kept increasingly wild performer trying surpass intensity previous essence original survives melody lyrics immortal refrain train kept night long sexual metaphor power endurance
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Train Kept A-Rollin'
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Music
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Songs
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1900 to 1959 songs
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2842_Baby,PleaseDon'tGo
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baby don baby don blues song called played arranged rearranged pieces blues history music historian likely adaptation long john old folk theme dating slavery united_states delta blues musician big popularized versions beginning song roots traced nineteenth century american songs deal themes imprisonment baby don early blues standard recordings blues musicians big world war chicago blues rhythm blues artists adapted song newer music styles version reached race records chart recorded song electric chicago ensemble blues piece influenced subsequent renditions 1960s baby don popular rock song northern irish group recorded music writers identified studio guitarist time participating recording exact contributions unclear subsequently uptempo rock arrangement rock standard baby don inducted blues rock roll halls fame background baby don likely adaptation long john old folk theme dates time slavery united_states related group early twentieth century blues songs include alabama bound elder green blues man gone don leave turn lamp low songs traced late nineteenth century work songs author suggests connection song title late 1920s early 1930s johnson married jazz influenced blues guitarist recorded song discussed influencing later performers blues researcher notes williams said song written wife singer aka popular 1920s 1930s original song big theme october recording baby don session records chicago ensemble piece williams vocal guitar accompanied string listed blues singers single musical song indicates moderate tempo bar blues common time key delta blues songs era remains chord progression dominant chords lyrics express prisoner anxiety lover leaving returns home song hit established williams recording career december recorded second version titled don chicago modern arrangement lyrics blues historian calls exciting version williams recorded trademark string guitar accompanying boy harmonica alfred imitation bass possibly bass songs appeared recording industry publications began tracking releases unknown version popular recorded columbia_records bass judge riley drums version reach chart represents urban blues treatment song later blues recordings popularity release big baby don blues musicians began recording interpretations song soon blues standard early examples include tampa kid big early 1950s song reworked contemporary musical styles early rhythm blues jump blues version version number hit cuban influenced rendition recast song chicago blues ensemble piece waters regularly performed baby don live recordings live versions appear newport live chicago members rolling_stones allmusic critic cites influence waters adaptation likely link williams recordings rock covers came 1960s 1970s muddy waters chess retains swinging williams takes session musicians beef steady driving rhythm section electrified instruments blues rendition background baby don earliest songs recorded northern irish band fronted year old rendition song derived version recorded don baby pseudonym king song appeared album titled correct names acquired morrison later explained baby don songs like devil slow stuff baby don fast number struck unique different lot soul soul heard previous records recording composition recorded baby don october morrison conflicting information participated session addition group original members guitarist bassist drummer keyboard player suggested keyboards second drum kit second guitar keyboards page biographer notes dispute page piercing blues line defines song played run harrison devised page backed harrison morrison acknowledged page participation early sessions played rhythm guitar thing doubled bass riff morrison biographer notes page doubled distinctive riff worked music critic comments song middle passage guitarist session player feeling way song half riffs high random distracted metal blues rock arrangement regarded definitive appeal ing lead guitar section according music writer releases charts baby don released second single november hit reaching number singles chart single released hit following year song included original british american albums angry young appeared compilation albums story featuring van morrison best van morrison reissued single london reached number chart accompanied performance sings plays baby don guitar sitting dock harmonica backing morrison released come dvd version baby don feature live shows beginning expressed interest inspiration early blues songs music writer identifies adaptation song likely source november angus young recorded australian debut album high voltage identified drummer song suggests recorded wall notes producer played bass album claims album tracks recorded high voltage single baby don released simultaneously australia february allmusic critic called song positively explosive issued single largely ignored baby don began receiving airplay single entered chart end march peaked number april april month drummer bassist joined group performed song australian music program countdown appearance angus wore trade mark uniform scott took stage wearing wig blonde dress according author describes scott notes short skirt evans describes reaction soon vocals begin comes drums dressed like bomb went joint everybody broke laughter scott wonderful sense humor scott camera guitar solo vocal section lights cigarette angus green laughs performance baby don popular performances closing number song released internationally compilation video countdown included family dvd compilation recordings artists recorded baby don blues cover album released march album produced worked group earlier albums reflects return hard rock roots billboard magazine describes song kind straight ahead hard driving track band 1970s records usa today called version terrific revival single released album reached number seven chart music video directed produced promote single subsequently song staple band concert repertoire recorded renditions include like reached number hot singles record chart turn friend recognition legacy big baby don included list songs inducted classics blues recordings category foundation noted addition blues recordings song revived fashion rock bands 60s years
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Baby, Please Don't Go
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Music
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Songs
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1900 to 1959 songs
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4612_HeartbreakHotel
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heartbreak hotel song recorded american singer elvis_presley released single january new record label written newspaper article suicide lonely man jumped hotel window inspired lyrics presented song november country music convention nashville agreed record january session band blue moon boys guitarist pianist heartbreak hotel comprises bar blues progression heavy track imitate character sun recordings single topped billboard chart seven weeks pop singles chart weeks number country western chart seventeen weeks reached number chart million seller best selling singles heartbreak hotel achieved feats reached country western pop rhythm blues charts simultaneously eventually certified double platinum recording_industry_association_of_america performed heartbreak hotel live december tour song gained strong popularity appearance stage march staple repertoire live appearances performed civic center baltimore maryland heartbreak hotel inducted grammy hall fame rolling_stone_magazine named greatest songs time year included songs rock roll standard original release heartbreak hotel covered rock pop acts including recorded duet version topped country charts background writing song written high school teacher background musical promotion jacksonville based singer songwriter lyrics based report supposedly miami herald man destroyed identity papers jumped death hotel window leaving suicide note single line walk lonely street article rolling_stone_magazine suggested story reality originated report painter petty criminal marriage failed wrote partial autobiography including line story person walked lonely street story published news media received publicity shot killed attempted robbery texas august reported death headline story person walked lonely street different accounts song written account written song performed band presented account written lines song asked help finish says report suicide stunned told everybody world cares let heartbreak hotel end lonely street interrupted arrival local performer previously worked duo asked help song hearing title remarked thing heard left finish song written hour recorded tape recorder returned hearing song asked provide voice demo style elvis_presley obliged turned offer writing credit input approached popular singing duo offered chance record heartbreak hotel declined describing song strange agreed publishing deal young nashville bass player recently set publishing company called publishing deal place arranged manager colonel present song annual country music disc jockey convention nashville tennessee named promising male country star hired earlier year hank snow concerts bowl stadium jacksonville florida included line concert observed reaction audience performance crowd screaming fans chased dressing room ripped clothes followed career closely incident met july concert jacksonville time interviewing local media according author writing big hit ambitions rumors circulating press weeks begun career ready help launch nationally played demo room andrew jackson hotel november hearing demo hot dog play listened times song signing november accepted offer royalties song single new label performed song time arkansas december declared audience hit recording heartbreak hotel second song recorded following got woman debut session street nashville january arrived studio song ready record seeking approval producer sure success recorded heartbreak hotel believing knew recording different experience band relaxed atmosphere guitar player later commented larger studio sun called tape number sit sun eat somebody let try immediately discovered problem recording insisted performers stay sang microphone pick vocals tilt head result missing sound told stand painted floor telling don recording got woman noticed voice guitar picked microphone explained jump sing right happens way sing arranged studio voice guitar picked studio recording continued blue moon boys regular backing band moore bassist drummer joined established musicians helped produce session guitar piano following suggestion hallway studio unusual echo single attempting recapture sound unaware sun founder tape slight time delay create previous recordings phillips heard heartbreak hotel remarked mess agreed declaring heartbreak hotel terrible choice song especially hearing finished recording sounded like sun recordings internal time executive corps disliked insisted certainly release interview conceded recognize song changes studio including tempo lyrics overall sound subsequent recordings major modifications existing material normal procedure took role producer credited speaking producing credits phillips said producer steve session manager colonel parker giving song royalties adding list songwriters song release reception heartbreak hotel released single january song recorded debut sessions billboard magazine praised strong blues item wrapped usual powerful style great beat heartbreak hotel warmly received british music press wrote appreciate good singing don suppose manage hear disc bbc held monopoly broadcasting britain time didn consider fit general entertainment placed restricted play list national television debut january appearing cbs stage starring tommy stage ratings slipping producer agreed relatively cheap looking photograph singer guitar playing despite single having released day coincide national television debut brothers allow perform didn work rehearsals second appearance february aware perform heartbreak hotel appearance stage week later pressured cbs consent subsequently band performed heartbreak hotel borrowed instruments driven florida preparation tour backing orchestra february song entered billboard pop chart number country western chart number months heartbreak hotel reached number charts chart single chart resulted heartbreak hotel second single history reach billboard charts blue shoes song spent total seven weeks april heartbreak hotel million seller earning riaa certified gold record going biggest selling single heartbreak hotel certified platinum march july riaa song debut singles chart peaked second spot month stayed charts weeks personnel elvis_presley lead vocals electric guitar acoustic guitar double bass drums piano producer engineer legacy perform song live shows performing time civic center baltimore maryland song released compilation album alternative takes surfaced compilation albums heartbreak hotel awarded country music awards released market charted number following death author wrote heartbreak hotel legendary rock performances people elvis_presley continues listeners classic performance analyzed appears simple recall time know song inducted grammy hall fame released coincide anniversary recording interview john_lennon recalled friend introducing music said family rarely radio unlike members beatles grew influence showed picture appeared charts later heard heartbreak hotel said heard heartbreak hotel hardly said experience hearing having hair stand end heard american voices singing like sang like suddenly tape echo stuff going didn know singing took long time work going sounded noise great george_harrison described heartbreak hotel rock roll age riding bike neighbor house said heartbreak hotel turned guitar audition john_lennon following year guitarist wrote autobiography heartbreak hotel huge effect singing total effect sound silence totally affected richards baby left sound rock roll heard totally different way delivering song totally different sound stripped violins ladies choruses totally different bare right roots feeling hadn heard got hat silence canvas frame work don try heartbreak hotel time heard stark lead singer stated song changed life recalled hearing time years old animal sexual musical everybody age knew guy cool handsome looked wild critic wrote unpublished memoir twigs opening strains heartbreak hotel regional popularity national opened massive mile thick wall post war american society let come rushing rift immense waters sheer human pain frustration building decades president bill_clinton performed song saxophone appearance hall june ranked number rolling_stone list greatest songs time included list songs uncut magazine ranked performance heartbreak hotel second greatest important cultural event rock roll era paul_mccartney participated uncut poll stated way sings singing depths hell use echo beautiful musically perfect film based mythical incident involving kidnapping released theatrically starred elvis_presley directed purchased branch renovations opened named hotel song located street home memphis tennessee heartbreak hotel named song book songs rock era early cover versions radio parodied heartbreak hotel immediately release vocals original record featured heavy use cover lead singer repeatedly asks echo voice recorded dog months later taken role producer learned credited decided use echo recorded song album album features don cruel country singer parodied song television imitating characteristic hip movements performance cash explained rock roll singer beatles historian noted later beatles group performed heartbreak hotel live liverpool later hamburg unclear lead vocal john_lennon paul_mccartney recorded version forthcoming upright bass version documentary appears dvd later renditions original personnel recording released versions recorded album guitar genius lead guitarist recorded song album guitar changed world number cover version country charts russell number hit charts paul_mccartney later cover song chaos creation abbey road performing bass covered song include later star motion picture cadets justin_timberlake bob_dylan film honeymoon version heartbreak hotel shook year true romance actor performed cappella version covered song medley prince kiss film happy feet song featured television special decades fifties medley soundtrack video game charts elvis_presley
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Heartbreak Hotel
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Music
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Songs
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1900 to 1959 songs
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4911_HoochieCoochieMan
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man originally titled man blues standard written recorded song references folk magic elements makes novel use stop time musical arrangement waters popular identifiable songs helped secure role chief songwriter song classic chicago blues waters recordings backing band lyrics build waters earlier use themes fortune sex appeal stop time riff soon absorbed blues jazz rock roll according popular songs adapted man recognizable musical phrases blues song initial success waters recorded live new studio versions original appears best muddy waters album compilations numerous musicians recorded variety styles making interpreted waters songs grammy hall fame recognize song influence popular music selected preservation background charted number hits recording predecessor singles recorded song shows delta blues guitar style roots lyrics place emphasis supernatural elements fortune telling luck according waters expanded theme louisiana blues recorded accompanying harmonica sings traveling new_orleans louisiana acquire mojo hand magical powers hopes good women treat man similar lyrics appeared recording louisiana buy mojo hand waters ambivalent saw music having power songs coming way mississippi delta leave mojo thing black people believed time today circa play old blues like sang played bass group disbanded worked recording session arranger bassist wrote songs label owner failed interest finally chess songs late recorded degree recorded degree composition enter record charts september waters recorded mad love want love biographer calls test piece forthcoming man shared lyrical musical elements song waters record chart success nearly years term variations spelling different contexts appearing late 19th century sexually provocative dance identifies precursor belly dance punctuated combination exposure erotic movements account appeared popular attraction chicago world fair dance associated 1910s declined popularity refer sexually attractive person autobiography blues included man examples connection folklore guy man lady witch guy man kind person composition recording long success mad love november approached man new song felt right waters chess responded muddy likes time waters performing club chicago showed song according waters took tune immediately familiar elements able learn perform night waters second guitarist remembered took little longer came club muddy write lyrics muddy work got understand fool onstage try building arrangement january waters entered recording studio band record song considered classic chicago blues band music critic described waters group waters sings plays electric guitar rogers blues harmonica drummer performing waters fred replaced evans listed drummer pianist joined debut double bass waters recording session round group takes song recorded moments alternate player timing rushes band tight difference master seconds nearly minute song follows sixteen bar blues progression expansion known bar blues pattern bars doubled length harmony remains bars half sixteen bar progression explained expanding bar blues response gave instruments sustain extra bars increase contrasting effect repeating stop time musical figure riff second bars song bar progression functions refrain hook different textures provides tune strong contrast helps lyrics song performed moderate blues tempo beats minute key time contains sixteen bar sections key feature song use stop time music half progression musical device commonly heard new_orleans jazz instrumentation briefly stops allowing short instrumental solo resuming waters use stop time serves tension repetition followed vocal instrument fill accompanying riff described note figure similar mad love attributed band phrase bars new approach comments entire group phrases riff describes heavy instruments campbell identifies opening actually having competing riffs motion played harmonica waters electric guitar second bars progression song follows standard structure maintains connection traditional blues band plays shuffle rhythm campbell describes free harmonica guitar riffs piano chords bass shuffle pattern drums adds type heavy sound rarely heard small music rock unlike new_orleans jazz instrumentation parallels waters aggressive vocal approach lyrics players use pushed point distortion key feature chicago blues rock precedent particular little saxophone like harmonica playing vocal lines drama lyrics interpretation man characterized self testament narrator boasts good fortune effect women aided waters explored similar themes earlier songs approach subtle according extra generous helping claimed idea inspired history bible verses song sixteen bar sections proceed opening verse starts narrator born references waters song boy south recalled covered wagons trade town town fortune emphasize circumstances enhance earnings especially readings pregnant women second section narrative present references include black cat bone john root mojo figured louisiana blues magical powers assure gypsy prophecy borne women rest world notice song concludes final section projects good fortune future number seven prominent seventh hour seventh day etc good analogous seventh son seventh son folklore later expanded theme song seventh son section linked refrain recurring chorus functions hook differs usual free aspect traditional blues writer sees desire tell complete stories verses building sharing elements pop music chorus know everybody knows know man everybody knows confirms narrator identity subject gypsy prophecy felt lyrics expressed audience desire waters later admitted supposed comic effect music historian points underlying theme sexuality significant sees challenge fear dying days racial segregation united_states record producer took simpler view sex seen muddy effect women clear blues know women market releases charts early issued man backed pretty standard inch rpm newer seven inch rpm record single formats soon biggest hit waters career single entered billboard magazine charts march reached number box chart number chart remained charts weeks making waters longest charting record time waters songs love want love close later lasted weeks chess included song waters album compilation best muddy waters retitled numerous later waters official compilations contain sail chess box best best muddy waters millennium collection anthology vol marshall chess arranged waters remake song psychedelic rock style instrumentation album attempt reach new audience waters recorded rendition song acoustic guitar harmonica chess released waters collection mile revisited song original guitarist recorded ready grammy award winning album produced waters featured song performances live recordings issued acclaimed newport live blues albums includes rendition later band live albums versions span career different backup bands include live recorded england jazz band released released collaboration live auditorium san francisco released lost tapes recorded released muddy mississippi waters live recorded released live chicago members rolling_stones released influence recognition man represents waters recording transition electrified traditional delta based blues late 1940s early 1950s newer chicago blues ensemble sound song important career signaled change chess convinced value songwriter secured relationship label waters soon followed variations sixteen bar stop time arrangement written include want love ready natural born lover songs follow similar lyrical theme helped shape image king blues according modified song signature riff march song man reworked note figure repeated entire song progression chords music critic writer calls recognizable blues world waters responded months later answer song man titled boy tracking beat man man got boy drove way waters recalled emphasizing origin song waters sticks original bar phrase includes references according songwriters adapted phrase artists soon absorbed blues jazz rock roll songwriters riff riot cell block number later reworked student demonstration time framed group trouble composition uses riff sung elvis_presley musical drama film king american composer quoted figure film man golden arm received nomination remarked felt like great achievement blues phrases movie numerous artists recorded variety styles blues standard describes song vital piece chicago style electric blues links delta rock roll rock musicians interpreted waters original man inducted foundation noted addition countless versions chicago blues artists song recorded performers diverse jazz grove adds grammy hall fame award followed honor recordings lasting historical significance list songs recognizes song influence rock representatives music industry press voted number rolling_stone_magazine list greatest songs time advisors library congress selected preservation noted contributions band members
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Hoochie Coochie Man
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Music
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Songs
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1900 to 1959 songs
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5619_YourCheatin'Heart
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heart heart song written recorded country music singer songwriter regarded country important standards country music historian writes song purposes defines country music inspired write song driving nashville tennessee louisiana describing wife heart dictated minutes lyrics produced williams recorded song session nashville tennessee september heart released january propelled williams recent death trip new year concert ohio song instant success topped chart weeks million units sold success song continued version reached number billboard played year version reached number billboard hot singles chart song ranked rolling_stone greatest songs time ranked number greatest songs background williams enjoying successful streak releasing multiple hits including blues half woods fire win career soaring marriage turbulent developed problems alcohol prescribed ease severe pain caused couple divorced williams moved mother soon williams met backstage auditorium native louisiana time dating williams started dating jones end relationship young soon began plan marriage driving nashville tennessee announce wedding parents williams talked previous marriage described heart adding day pay inspired line instructed jones write lyrics song quickly dictated finished composition included line walk floor way evoked hit walking floor recording release williams recorded song september nashville session williams produced songs ashamed chains heart produced williams publisher minor arrangements lyrics heart williams described song friend play best heart song wrote williams backed session steel guitar lead guitar rhythm guitar chance bass traveling scheduled new year ohio driver found williams dead car stop west_virginia heart released end january propelled williams death song hit selling million records billboard initially described songs tunes performances emphasizing sales potential short time release song reached number remained weeks demo version williams singing heart guitar likely recorded available legacy released wake passing song synonymous myth haunted lonely figure expressed pain authenticity standard country music song title biopic heart songs williams performed movie dubbing soundtrack album recorded williams son documentary series lost highway country music historian comments hank anthem musical testament powerful gripping want best work wouldn argue allmusic described track signature song unofficial anthem country music rolling_stone called greatest country standards time ranking number list greatest songs time song ranked number greatest songs country music super bowl commercials featured song aired super bowl featured williams recording grabbed second aired super bowl featured situation song covered song forms title drama heart cover versions version song released reached number billboard played james later declared hear williams original version song decided record reading lyrics version reached number played chart recorded sang song comedy hour recorded version december capitol tower hollywood song appears elvis_presley version reached number billboard hot chart charted number singles chart recorded album rose included song king curtis cut song country soul recorded album chose record song del shannon sings released single february appears album let winds blow recorded song tenure appears album live hamburg included sings included album like country included song tribute recorded funky version song album soul song appears references song lyrics single like recorded song tribute recorded song tribute album recorded song self titled album recorded song tribute album timeless hank williams tribute frantic recorded cover song album rock boy covered song album pay devil included song sessions vol chart performance cover versions
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Your Cheatin' Heart
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Music
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Songs
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1900 to 1959 songs
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6754_TheManchesterRambler
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manchester known song song written english folk singer inspired participation protest urban manchester work began career singer songwriter 1950s song standard folk musicians covered times including sung clubs open air variety occasions including downfall designated context mass deliberate act civil law having repealed men manchester sheffield protest intended secure free access england mountains led walked bridge quarry near climb hill called april young man called better known keen enthusiastic member played major organising publicity handing role disputed took shocked violent reaction met hill extremely harsh sentences handed arrested day know protest powerful long term effect leading improved access countryside shape national parks long distance starting way opened forms desired right crow act biographer view difficult extent shaped 1930s keen travelling manchester bus like thousands young unemployed people time hands integral politics simply find nature beautiful urban world ugly instead objective hoped revolution create world enjoyed sense allowed working class kind countryside bred spirit revolt groups sang songs happy hiking songs ballads radical american protest songs camps published manchester youth song singing workers slave day factories starvation pay wrote song mass setting words like mass way gain access mountains old scottish tune road isles friends sing hills folk song manchester written long inspired event important song according argues marks departure singer slogan heavy song survives wrote melody lyrics swinging melody demonstrates ability combine musical forms popular rhythms create song familiar unique like melody lyrics witty playful defiant political message wage slave monday free man sunday plays updates traditional english loved maid spot trade fair bloom lyrics suitably comical confrontation style musical theatre argues lines called said think song verses lines line chorus song names following places north wales pass road plateau manchester manchester published black white definitive collection released cooking vinyl records recording lasts minutes seconds assisted vocals wife folk singer reception influence said manchester song comes written earnest pieces prior manages pull political perspective lyrical style songwriting time happens performed song standard life cover versions performed recorded dozens folk musicians 1950s onwards including alive alive years daughter covered song album covered eponymous album covered album year performed album covered album flat earth covered national biography writes finest protest songs manchester dealt mass campaigns 1930s fought pitched battles invaded privately owned contemporary british culture describes crucial figure folk revival 1950s 1960s names manchester famous songs comedian folk singer guardian wrote young walking hills time camping stone getting bus crawling jack sang song meant word running manchester folk club sunday nights time nights lobby people come hill looking forward night beer songs nights pub sing aware people like fought hills opened knew gone jail walking mass song sung downfall designated attendance establishment figures including members parliament chief executive officers national parks leaders booklet issued commemorate years mass reproduced lyrics manchester
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The Manchester Rambler
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Music
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Songs
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1900 to 1959 songs
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7423_AreYouLonesomeTonight?(song)
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tonight song tonight song written recorded times successful versions duet version reached billboard pop singles chart april elvis_presley year service united_states_army recorded song suggestion manager colonel tonight parker wife favorite song release delayed rca_records executives thought song fit new publicized style tonight released november immediate success topping billboard pop singles chart reaching number chart month song release topped singles chart version certified gold recording_industry_association_of_america upgraded double platinum tonight later recorded artists versions hits pop country charts respectively billboard ranked tonight number hot time songs list composition early versions song written verses followed spoken bridge based bridge line know said world stage play refers world stage william_shakespeare like printed inside cover original sheet music sung recording recording recording hit billboard reported discovery written songwriter pianist versions tonight recorded recorded released june recorded song million love hit version song peaked number november july recorded song vocalist released air version duet released version peaked number little hit song columbia_records carter family recorded changing elements original version included song shows 1930s recorded march released tonight penny wise love peaked number nineteen chart april released version narrative bridge single stay happy people billboard called gets effective treatment recording based votes sent billboard song received points disc record dealers operators points overall magazine point scale rated good recorded version spoken bridge april los_angeles conducted orchestra sad songs released june according billboard version revived style bridge based votes sent magazine song received points disc record dealers operators overall score rated good released song miss version peaked number billboard pop singles chart elvis_presley version peak success elvis_presley received draft notice inducted army march final months service began experimenting new material anticipation return recording friend taught improve breathing expand vocal range end deployment germany added octave range returned united_states march discharged rank sergeant march recording session return scheduled march studio recently equipped new track recorder improve recording voice engineer installed studio follow session scheduled april singer left miami tape frank welcome home selection material sessions manager colonel suggested record tonight favorite song parker wife manager suggestion time intervened singer choice repertoire knew song act managed time husband returned studio band consisting drummer pianist guitarist bassist april songs parker needed recorded moved manager request april singer began recording tonight accompanied acoustic guitar drums bass backup group asked studio leave session told turn lights performed song spoken bridge second said producer throw tune justice told engineer ignore order asked singer new explaining microphone stand recording dark performed song master single release reception tonight released months executives decided ballad reflected new style parker ultimately decided release song released single november got know pressing assigned plants new_jersey indianapolis los_angeles copies sleeve featuring smiling shirt blue background sent disc orders single began copies week climbed second song debuted billboard number november moved week later number topped chart november replacing stay 15th chart topping single held position january tonight peaked number chart remaining weeks song topped cash box singles chart reached number cash box country singles chart month release topped singles chart months release single sales million copies worldwide year recording_industry_association_of_america certified gold november billboard review called rendition warm touching performance later review allmusic praised vocal range calling tonight tender ballad soul intense intimate power defining moments legacy success tonight song live staples performed live time march benefit honolulu live performances return army shift career focus acting returning music included song nbc special performed live following year las_vegas engagement version song recorded august documenting altering words narration laughing rest bridge released box set tonight radio hit united_kingdom reached number included song documentary tour cbs special concert march riaa certified tonight double platinum 50th anniversary billboard hot song number magazine hot time songs list later versions recorded tonight spoken bridge album included song album cried recorded version spoken bridge album memories day recorded song june love album italian singer recorded english italian 1960s viewed version fall love cover album farewell peaked number version peaked number country singles chart performed version song tonight bitter shakespeare inspired bridge version tonight soundtrack honeymoon chart performance
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Are You Lonesome Tonight? (song)
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Music
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Songs
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1900 to 1959 songs
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10783_DustMyBroom
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dust dust blues song originally recorded believe dust american blues artist solo performance delta blues style johnson vocal accompanied acoustic guitar songs based earlier blues songs earliest identified believe change recorded sparks brothers johnson guitar work features early use rhythm pattern seen major innovation repeating figure believe dust issued blues records tracked recording industry trade publications johnson recordings identified big seller time james recording dust classic know according blues historian james slide guitar adaptation johnson figure identified famous blues guitar riffs inspired rock performers song blues standard numerous renditions variety musicians selected grammy hall fame earlier songs elements dust traced earlier blues songs blues researcher writer suggested johnson begun developing version early sparks brothers recording believe change believe home use similar melody lyrics verses found blues old original blues served basis johnson sweet home chicago recorded songs similar lines woman blues man blues melody johnson uses found recordings believe change lyrics interpretation johnson believe dust combines lyrics identified floating verses earlier songs adds new verses music historian calls result cohesive lyric arnold pieces theme traveling away girl loves attempts read significance phrase dust big knew johnson familiar folk magic explained leaving good putting won music writer phrase biblical passages shaking dust feet ways blues musician johnson disillusioned woman verse shows johnson unusual use geographical references taken events including second italo war japanese invasion creation use johnson song seen music writer music writer notes world blues listeners limited stanza song raises stakes exploding fantastic geography singer voice trails bit guitar line imaginative leap involved mixed bitterness geographic suddenly stretches thirty miles arkansas trip world sweet home chicago song johnson recorded includes refrain land california sweet home chicago comparing marcus comments chicago functioned lyric place distant california place mythical recording composition believe dust recorded johnson recording session november recording took place makeshift studio room hotel san_antonio texas produced second song johnson recorded followed kind hearted woman blues recordings appears second song recorded assigned reference number manages johnson recording legacy notes remain issued destroyed recorded unknown collectors johnson recorded song upbeat shuffle johnson songs typical delta blues era adhere strict bar blues structure varies timing suit song performed key moderate tempo beats minute unlike earlier songs influenced johnson believe dust feature slide guitar instead johnson employs guitar melodic lines played driving bass figure creating effect similar popular combination piano guitar accompaniment identified use bass line adapted guitar piano style major innovation johnson recording titled lead pencil blues won write facilitate style johnson open tuning describes modified open tuning fifth string giving new tuning standard open tuning song features johnson use repeating guitar figure consisting fast high note riff came define song johnson songs including slide version mind releases believe dust released related record companies catalogue number arc issued standard inch rpm record backed johnson dead shrimp blues single johnson record released lifetime johnson songs early blues standards questions believe dust included reissue recordings king delta blues singers album released columbia authors pearson note place album connected johnson rightful musical ideas big city african american artists high powered electrically blues remained touch johnson musical legacy song included columbia second johnson compilation king delta blues singers vol complete recordings box set compilation albums renditions background dust earliest songs performed regularly living late 1930s blues historian suggested james encountered time learned play song james performed better known duo music career interrupted stint world war discharge joined regularly performed radio january offered opportunity record songs account accompanied james august duo auditioned dust trumpet owner signed james recording contract versions dust recorded arthur big boy rendition appeared record charts recording composition august boy recording session recorded dust jackson mississippi james provided vocals slide guitar accompanied harmonica bass drums recording studio transition tape technology group recorded direct disc microphone song recorded james trumpet felt songs suitable recording james cousin later claimed secretly taped performance upset unable record denied presented check endorsed james day session knowledge agreement participate recording record song verses concluded similar found recording james song followed johnson melody key tempo adhered closely chord changes typical bar blues according transformed country blues rocking heavily shuffle backing musicians notable addition song james slide guitar plays repeating figure adds bar solo fifth verse compared johnson guitar work describes firing machine gun beat defining sound early use slide called distinctive guitar style music critic notes james hands famous blues riff time note intro man releases charts recorded material trumpet later appeared unaware prior recordings song arranged copyright dust james subsequently issued single rendition blues songs listed performer james james perform thomas regional record charts dust gradually gained popularity different parts eventually entered billboard magazine national singles chart april peaked number release updated version record label leased recording released released original trumpet recording single originally released trumpet original recording appear james early compilation albums included boy collection james box set early classic recordings versions dust appear compilations king slide guitar recorded session chicago session new_york later renditions include harmonica piano accompaniment derivatives dust blues success single relatively small led record companies pursue james hope landing follow singles owned los_angeles based brothers talent scout later session chicago produced believe dust number charting single issued new modern subsidiary able score hits year essentially song artist prompted record companies exploit possible workings dust small variations recorded james different record labels career label issued reworking song titled dust blues catalogue recorded new_orleans studios james backed veteran new_orleans musicians including bassist drummer pianist topping calls powerful old theme adds fine hard driving song dust blues definitive recording james original updated accompaniment appeared regional charts single reissued 1960s following release dust blues james slide guitar sound adapted british blues oriented recognition james dust inducted received votes record year singles song inducted grammy hall fame original trumpet recording selected preservation commented james known guitar fans argue achieved signature sound combination guitar slide guitar opening created recognizable guitar riff history blues
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Dust My Broom
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Music
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Songs
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1900 to 1959 songs
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10815_Tipitina
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song written famous professor song widely covered professor version recorded atlantic records released album song considered new_orleans music standard added national recording registry cultural significance subject unknown new_orleans music venue named song bears background pianist known professor prominent new_orleans musician played music combined blues singing characterized recording career began new_orleans got hair group credited hungarians year later blues got hair broke national hit recorded regarded signature song details melody derived champion jack blues rolling_stone described song style track new_orleans standard according inducted nonsense syllables stepping left hand rhythm symbol staple new_orleans music described learning song rite passage subject song unknown speculated subjects place person recorded cover song time selection commented mystery follows thought better knowing adds power laugh cry song original release hit new_orleans successful rest united_states professor version john version considered classic non hot songs critical response song included received grammy hall fame award song song listed songs rock roll hall fame song listed songs great songs time artists stories secrets rock song index important songs announcement song said song signature musical ideas personality inspired influenced new_orleans smith john according new_orleans rhythm sparkling package selected recorded versions song widely covered professor recorded john debut album let talk professor version professor version recorded new_orleans november professor blues scholars according professor discography performers included vocals piano tenor saxophone bass drums saxophone credits bassist released single released included albums including different takes albums include version doctors professors popular culture version bones season episode man episode set new_orleans november season finale series new_orleans aftermath hurricane katrina song twice
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Tipitina
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Music
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Songs
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1900 to 1959 songs
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11286_GoodOldMountainDew
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good old mountain good old mountain called simply mountain real old mountain folk song composed versions lyrics version written adaptation versions song version widely covered entered folk tradition standard creation amateur musician lawyer practicing rural north_carolina 1920s time manufacturing alcohol illegal united_states prohibition north_carolina residents continued longstanding tradition making form illegal whiskey called frequently defended local clients accused practice original lyrics accompaniment good old mountain written course cases recorded song duo friend needed song finish record suggested song friend written piece appeal people added modern chorus replaced verses man appearing court verses making years later national folk festival chicago showed version impressed later night sold song buy train ticket north_carolina song sure royalties earned given death lyrics themes version good old mountain close style ballad lyrics tell story man day court answer charges making illegal alcohol verse prosecutor closes case verses respected members community doctor conductor visit charged man trying buy whiskey final verse judge offers young man willing pay court costs trial lyrics ballad like tell story version tells old hollow tree dead drop person looking buy places money tree leaves person returns money song goes drink tell great properties relationship rare old mountain controversy possible connection good old mountain irish folk song rare old mountain dates earlier decade good old mountain written terms mountain thought come united_states ireland wrote parodies adaptations irish folk songs based claim song good old mountain based rare old mountain disagree pointing songs share use phrase mountain recordings good old mountain covered wide variety folk old time country musicians including nelson cover reached number billboard hot country songs stayed weeks time artists added new verses tune remained written 1920s gospel song traveling highway home based good old mountain uses tune lyrics moving closer eternal life death instead bought soft drink commissioned set advertisements featuring good old mountain drink mascot country man called
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Good Old Mountain Dew
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Music
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Songs
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1900 to 1959 songs
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11425_PittsburghTown
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pittsburgh town pittsburgh town titled pittsburgh pittsburgh town folk song written originally recorded song written pittsburgh pennsylvania stop singers tour members band time song speaks labor environmental problems city facing song written time environmental legislation reduced pollution problem plagued pittsburgh song mentions pollution pittsburgh replaced verses city creation stories origin song historians trace pittsburgh town singers national tour according liner notes originally released july group recorded fourteen songs small record label new_jersey paid purchase traveled subsequent tour stopped pittsburgh pennsylvania group decided play steel workers process played nights concerts steel patch sleeping infested hotel second concert started lyrics tune folk song hole song entire body came jam session continued improving created second verse song point liner notes tell different story song creation state wrote song airborne flight pittsburgh looking window skies quickly lyrics lyrics themes song verses alternate ones speak environmental problems pittsburgh ones speak labor problems verse refers pittsburgh town complains speaker choke steel industry output smoke present life pittsburgh time song writing steel mills banks city rivers sky glow red continually released smoke modern reviewers song believe pollution oriented verses song written protest environmental conditions workers forced live second fourth verses focus labor disputes city experiencing time second verse uses pun jones ask company stole workers jones steal fourth final verse ends statement mill workers joining recordings adaptations song covered artists community groups studio version album american industrial ballads live version song album songs struggle protest versions feature singing playing additional accompaniment live version crowd singing heard folk bands pittsburgh area recorded performed version song released adaptation song album folk songs version song includes additional verses landscape geography region song covered students verses political original composition closer version version verses partly middle 1950s enforcement cleaned air lyrics town replaced line pittsburgh town great old town links
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Pittsburgh Town
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Music
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Songs
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1900 to 1959 songs
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13157_BoogieChillen'
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blues song recorded solo performance featuring vocal electric guitar rhythmic foot lyrics partly autobiographical alternate spoken sung verses song debut record release home electric blues song reach number records chart song trend late 1940s new style urban electric blues based earlier delta blues called resembles early country blues piano derived style 1930s 1940s gave credit stepfather moore taught rhythm pronunciation children teenager song lyrics derived earlier blues songs guitar work song inspired known instrument driving style focus rhythm considered forerunner rock roll music critic calls guitar figure riff launched million songs rock musicians patterned successful songs directly indirectly versions include songs rock band heat recorded received version best known hits uses elements song led legal action song publisher resulted changes american copyright law background moved detroit michigan employment opportunities city wartime vehicle manufacturing factories attracted music clubs hastings street black paradise valley cultural center city black community recounts experience narrative came attention local record shop owner arranged demos recorded later presented ran detroit area professional record company played ensemble time decided record solo attention solely singer guitarist contrast prevailing jump blues style emphasized ensemble instrumentation recent hit singles stripped electrified delta blues inspired approach composition lyrics described music critic blues primitive market dark vocals backed ringing heavily guitar pounding foot interview came wrote song detroit guitar thing come know heard stepfather moore sic years years little kid south heard song like didn beat kept beat called performed song clubs recording called settling according closest thing records blues recorded hill country northern mississippi essentially pre blues sort music open ended fixed verse form lent building cumulative effect vocal sung spoken sections commenting vocal sections music historian notes song melody harmony fact hard song like bit steam consciousness time lyrics borrowed earlier songs date beginning blues opening line mama didn allow stay night long origins mama don allow old dance song songs recorded 1920s similar titles pianist sung spoken sections includes lines don care don allow play music don music second takes song include similar verses narrative include crucial mid song hook guitar break gives song lyrical identity key feature song driving guitar rhythmic figure centered chord accents fell ahead beat music journalist describes rocking dance piece structure utterly free form basic beat jumping groove learned delta interview confirmed open guitar tuning technique guitar usually raising pitch employed hammer pull techniques described ascending bass line played fifth string music writer titled resemble earlier style based left hand piano walking bass line performed guitar forms popular 1940s instrumental guitar derivative overwhelmingly personal piece blues recording release september arranged recording sessions studios detroit songs recorded vocals guitar sound fuller microphone set placed foot according account primitive echo chamber effect created feeding foot rhythm speaker toilet bowl turn returned speaker studio guitar giving big ambient sound takes performance recorded providing master record label licensed los_angeles based november released nationally commented immediate appeal thing caught country come box went place went playing response nashville tennessee radio station clear channel station reached states canada played song times row broadcast night entered chart january remained eighteen weeks reached number february popular race record reportedly sold thousand million copies experience similar hit stone song popularity allowed factory job concentrate music early influence commercial success big impact blues musicians disc jockey memphis tennessee radio station time regularly featured song recalled hardly anybody playing time didn play heavy musicians play didn play time people probably look wonder wrong big record murray song equivalent punk rock simple interested year old think record paid attention found radio said guy play know mean got hell style interview described learning play age thirteen thing thought learned play knew sounded right listen guy later recorded version album recalled song learned play success brought numerous offers record record companies received little sales record readily accepted opportunities generate income led recording variety including man labels regent prize staff gone chess swing time later versions demand remained high record song times recorded faster version different lyrics sensation label issued released edited version titled new began association recorded closely follows original single similarity version version vice versa jay version half minute shorter original takes september detroit recording session began appearing compilation albums 1970s titles original modern associated labels including kent crown reissued song times 1960s onwards recorded studio live renditions guest musicians rolling_stones recorded updated version song titled blues rock group joint album heat blues historian describes performance memorable combines vocal signature rock backing heard group jam song fried hockey adaptation despite minutes long extended guitar harmonica solos remains original recognition legacy recording inducted writing foundation blues historian noted home electric blues record achieve chart status success hits followed inspired record companies search new electric generation country received grammy hall fame award included list songs added noted driving rhythm lyrics guaranteed place influential enduring blues classic authors included book rock roll record identifying rock roll inspired songs beginning recorded interpretation titled good parker hit subsequently recorded feel good wanna influential album west soul version titled appeared album blues similar arrangement hit shake songs borrow directly indirectly include radio hits road spirit sky copyright issues song publisher brought legal action copyright infringement song writer notes recordings released heat elements common including guitar pattern vocal line case wound way american legal system including appeal ruling favor publisher persuaded amend copyright act protect songs recorded entering public domain settled court gained financial reward song obtained rights song years earlier noted nonetheless spontaneous performance recording studio led substantial change intellectual property law
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Boogie Chillen'
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Music
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Songs
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1900 to 1959 songs
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14773_Ramblin'WreckfromGeorgiaTech
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wreck wreck fight song better known composition based son composed lyrics based old english scottish drinking song appeared print blueprint song later sung sullivan richard_nixon kitchen debate wreck played score football game directly field goal safety preceded white gold touchdown frequently played team basketball games term wreck refer students alumni longer model known existence expression origins late 19th century originally refer makeshift vehicles constructed engineers employed projects south_america workers area began refer vehicles men drove lyrics previous adaptations earliest rendition song son known son son lament poverty worthless individual given gambling general moral chorus goes tune adapted school song southern pennsylvania 1850s students college modified include reference college bell adding following lyrics published contained heavily modified version song adapted chorus following lyrics song subsequently adapted late 1870s entitled mining engineer version closest adaptation wreck mines version includes song entitled wreck campus referred simply version identical lines wreck early 1890s adapted called daughter time arch rival references delaware ohio verse follows adapted called son old version includes lyrics different sources claimed origin song music marching tune blue flag published second widely cited composition son creation use song said come early baseball game rival georgia sources credit member school year graduating class lyrics according article sports_illustrated wreck written tech football player way auburn game wreck beginning year tech opened afterward added football team early days football played campus round rubber ball strictly football holding ball running good baseball team remember occasion school went athens play georgia rome pitched brought home bacon beginning wreck adopted tune official fight song unofficial fight song years published time school blueprint entitled causes words hell censored certain words hot print tech heard band playing song tune son wrote modern musical version succeeded roman embellished song trumpet publicized roman song rise fame dance instructor organized world radio dance attended tech band campus played wreck songs broadcast group dancers tech students roof downtown atlanta murray opened atlanta located began selling recording tech songs including wreck tech colleges songs recorded song immensely popular known nationally extensive radio play song performed entitled let sing college song october sang wreck sullivan town program later known sullivan cbs performance reached television audience approximately million viewers seats available train members auditioned available spots group prepared songs wreck like dame alma mater sullivan sing instead hell let sing according technique club sang rehearsal brought house sullivan axe vice president richard_nixon soviet premier sang song met moscow reduce tension kitchen debate story goes nixon know russian songs knew american song sung wreck notable moments history including school song played space sang song movie man gray suit high mighty character sings bars movie sings times movie numerous stories commanding officers boats crossing english channel morning day leading men song calm nerves modern history obtained copyright roman version company later acquired paul_mccartney holding company copyright version expired wrote new arrangement applied new copyright sold copyright new version dollar controversy acquired old copyright law firm commissioned concluded versions song version school falls public domain years variations song created member diversity task force proposed changes fight song women proposal widely strongly opposed students alumni dropped different request change word cheer join respect alumni daughters surfaced conclusion song jackets responded bust ass following calls responses song ended jackets fight win recently student body fight win drink naked
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Ramblin' Wreck from Georgia Tech
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Music
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Songs
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1900 to 1959 songs
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17418_EarthAngel
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earth angel earth angel occasionally referred earth angel song american group produced released debut single october formed year prior recorded song demo garage song origins lie multiple different sources songs page song authorship subject bitter legal dispute williams years following release song going overdubbed additional instrumentation original demo version unexpected hit quickly song grew southern_california spread united_states winter earth angel independent label release appear billboard national pop charts peaked big hit magazine charts remained number weeks cover version white vocal group peaked higher pop charts reaching number cover versions followed including recordings elvis_presley hit eventually sold excess million copies original recording song remained enduring hit single 1950s considered definitive songs recordings chosen added deeming culturally historically aesthetically important background composed lead vocalist bass tenor formed los_angeles california group named cigarette advertising mascot williams previously members began writing earth angel mentor high graduate previously hit single dream girl ballad credited song echoes earth angel melodic refrain dream girl dream girl hook adapted background chant earth angel hook borrowed hit hired year record demo went wedding later recorded page later noted group lifted bridge song earth angel song contains elements flames recording know piano introduction chord closely based standard blue moon williams reportedly wrote song wife duncan wrote melody disliked original earth angel recorded literal garage demo recorded home garage los_angeles home relative williams previously played bass bands home located west 30th street garage primary recording space artists record demos recorded single track tape recorder owned big band veteran performs bass guitar track drums vocals neighbor pet dog stopped takes dog door shut remembered williams williams performs piano track unconfirmed unknown drummer song composed key flat major set time signature common time tempo beats minute duncan vocal range spans seconds intro cut recording accident commercial performance unfinished demo earth angel began immediate success williams carried rough dub hollywood night record shop local record store gauge shop owner opinion broadcast late night rhythm blues broadcast store disc jockey sitting played sides single morning requests began coming song result williams abandoned idea additional instrumentation began immediate manufacturing single issue soon possible convinced hey hit pressed disc soon began record favor earth angel demand earth angel nearly producer ran label paper leading single pressed multiple colored labels appearance billboard territorial hit los_angeles second best selling single los_angeles second week october climbed number city november began grow popularity new_york philadelphia cincinnati cleveland buffalo pittsburgh nashville earth angel independent label release appear billboard national pop charts billboard called record best buy charts canada gave award week hit number new_york november christmas day song placing best sellers stores chart pop debuted number january single advanced overall best sellers stores chart resulting addition chart reached number played chart seven weeks chart peaked number overall best sellers stores chart february hit number major charts remained number hit weeks love time rare achievement song chart pop chart group pop presented gold record celebrate record selling million copies reported nearly copies earth angel sold southern_california popularity song flying single saw revived sales summer switched label reissued earth angel september string accompaniment following july billboard reported single breaking certain markets remarking wax breaks summer appearance late december billboard confirmed single enduring popularity original version earth angel example known heavy traffic item areas williams told billboard single passed mark reported selling single period renamed year reported thousands copies earth angel attempted sold unidentified song continued sell multiple decades release example selling thousands copies week world according new_york_times recording earth angel sold million copies exact figures uncertain wrote single sold million records remaining popular records time legal issues group members later engaged dispute royalties mid january reportedly receive advances problems began arise hired white big band era veteran manage group later partial credit song success despite fact began managing group release april signed ram directed group mercury power representative vocal group signed previously confirmed trades recording contract spanned years court decision found contract invalid members group minors time signing sued claiming damages result signing claiming mercury induced group break contract taking publishing rights earth angel supposed writer sued group week receiving credit writing song sued awarded rights song ground written cover versions popular culture earth angel repeatedly covered popular culture common occurrence time number cover versions released record immediate success white artists covered song including notable performed vocal group canada named signed version peaked number pop charts higher original version reached british charts feat original unable achieve elvis_presley recorded informal cover army stint germany flying widely considered songs sampled song permission cover versions include new edition addition cover versions song employed film television soundtracks film earth angel named song song television series happy days featured prominently film future performed kid musical musical singing group seasons australian group human nature covered song album legacy matched success debut single song continued popularity acclaim song lead vocalist remarked tired singing long people tired hearing song staple radio late 20th century earth angel called simple elegant recording judged finest examples despite higher success cover original amateur recording considered definitive author encyclopedia great popular song recordings writes track possesses virtually qualities lovers melodic beauty earnest lead vocal stripped bone simplicity romantic innocence new_york_times wrote song evokes timeless vision young love los_angeles_times concurred calling nostalgic post world war youth culture author music historian remarked ultra romantic ballads hit nerve teens time stood sincerity delivery rolling_stone placed number list greatest songs time called pivotal record early development rock roll unaffected vocals black high defined street corner listener poll new_york radio station placed earth angel night list enduring songs billboard reported consider earth angel rock roll hits new_york_times stated rhythmic plea young woman captured spirit emerging rock generation recordings chosen added deeming culturally historically aesthetically important july british pop group played song concert new_jersey star future guitar tribute film charts
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Earth Angel
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Music
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Songs
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1900 to 1959 songs
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21715_NatureBoy
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nature boy nature boy song recorded american jazz singer released march single later appeared album king cole story song written partly autobiographical tribute mentor originally introduced practised cole performing wanted present song ignored left copy cole singer came know nature boy receiving appreciation performance song cole wanted record recording took place august featured orchestra conducted house arranger strings flute instrumentation song capture vibe track lyrics self portrait life final line greatest thing learn love loved return considered poignant moment song multiple interpretations nature boy released amidst ban commercially successful reaching billboard music charts selling million copies receiving critical acclaim nature boy helped introduce cole wider audience especially white music market generated royalties song awarded grammy hall fame award nature boy subject lawsuits composer claiming song heart wrote play end settled court following cole success song rival record companies released cover versions nature boy artists like successful ultimately pop jazz standard artists interpreting song including lady_gaga recorded jazz collaborative album numerous films like boy talented musical singer david_bowie recorded techno version background development year old arrived los_angeles began playing piano small health food store raw food restaurant laurel canyon boulevard café owned john followed philosophy influenced movement germany followers known nature boys wore long hair ate raw fruits vegetables adopted philosophy chose writing spelling lower case letters living cave near wrote nature boy partly autobiographical song tribute mentor originally introduced prompting approached manager backstage los_angeles handed copy nature boy asked cole pleas ignored disappointed left sheet music nature boy cole cole came know song loved cole began playing nature boy live audiences received acclaim present performances initially offered buy track cole cole decided record needed permission releasing single able find songwriter disappeared providing contact details discovered living cole got permission recorded song recording composition cole recording took place august featured orchestra conducted house arranger strings flute instrumentation song capture vibe track measures song melody parallel melody second movement composer piano written pop ballad nature boy follows format primary notes descending minor note ascending line diminished chord returns initial minor structure makes frequent use standard progression key minor second bar section featured descending line based lowering descending line continues finally ending step chord lyrics song relate 1940s los_angeles based group called nature boys member noted lyrics musical self portrait lines like boy strange enchanted boy far far land sea believed song line poignant greatest thing learn love loved return interpretations line given academics eponymous nature boy child advising love relationship adult talking journey inner love according author song presented romantic theme eponymous nature boy visiting cole magic day explaining greatest thing learn love loved return author described track charged song lyrics evoked intense sense loss final line delivering universal truth described salvaged journey life according engineer drummer los_angeles bequeathed master tapes photos final works wanted correction lyrics saying loved return deal deal love instead read greatest thing learn love loved love loved stated lyrics fit original ending melody wrote release reception second ban music recording enforced response act desperate release sustaining profit ultimately released nature boy single march catalog number owned publishing right cole songs sold rights nature boy acted distributor selling agent record debuted billboard charts april stayed weeks ultimately peaking number reached peak number charts nature boy went sell million copies billboard listed greatest record year song accumulating total points 1940s american music market divided race black artist cross mainstream pop music difficult author noted book margins jazz cole wear white makeup filming performance song come prominence leader jazz trio named king cole trio nature boy received widespread recognition rendition appealed white audience cole later use success song cancel trio pursue solo recording career later described nature boy favorites recordings success song allowed accumulate dollars royalty billboard reported kept royalty distributed rest people helped bringing song shared helping lyrics rest bringing song cole notice nature boy received wide acclaim critics contemporary reviewers author noted book jazz standards guide repertoire musicians created golden age american popular song demands pride place eccentric added promoting culture nature boy cole able introduce new era black artists white popular music book song singer art author complimented cole version saying fresh combination singer vocals string section nature boy hit allmusic said song transformed cole famous beloved pop singing stars postwar years billboard noted popularity song audiences stay theaters cole perform nature boy leave finished poll magazine listed greatest round record favorite pop recording previous years song awarded grammy hall fame special grammy award established honor recordings years old historical significance los_angeles magazine gave detailed positive review song nature boy melody lyric number interpretations decades able ordinary sounds like minute written existed time place thousand arabian nights compressed half minutes cracked slugging theatre composer claimed biography memoirs stage melody nature boy song heart wrote play met lawsuit proclaimed innocence explain heard melody angels singing california mountains offered withdraw suit said money important wanted admit song stolen heard angels bought copy song eventually lawyers offered court settlement offering dollars accepted remarked struck ironic song message love peace come symbolize pop music business versions success nature boy soon led release number cover versions track ban record companies release versions strings tracks following cole version nature boy dick recording released catalog number record appeared billboard charts june peaked number recorded version recording ban version nature boy replaced string sounds original recording choir conducted according song sound like chant recording released columbia_records catalog number debuted billboard charts peaked number seven later performed song radio hit parade accompanied choir orchestral arrangement rca_records planned release versions singers subsequently cancelled ban released cappella version april commercial success selling copies day peaking number billboard chart parody named recorded unnatural seven natural seven include recording ban featured vocals los_angeles released capitol catalog number reached billboard charts october stayed total weeks peaking number recorded song bassist recording song filled tension ongoing conflict resulting charged version song assisted drums version recorded singer released psychedelic rock version recorded 1960s san_francisco rock band lead vocals singer released post breakup album year recorded released version cole tribute album tribute great king cole version nature boy recorded released compilation album don right recorded version song album chicago_tribune impressed cover saying mood awe lincoln expresses nature boy album haunting appeal performed song new day concert song appeared studio album new day come live album new day live las_vegas stephen_thomas_erlewine allmusic said decision include nature boy new day come inspired song appearance musical expressed feelings recording track kick studio hear pedal piano touch keys singing following real thing pleasure initially strings instrumentation added post production later removed maintain simplicity cole version interpretation track released jazz standard album titled nature boy jazz album year december released holiday themed rendition nature boy holiday album harry holidays tenth season american idol contestant presented jazz version song received standing ovation audience faced criticism media strange musical arrangements lady_gaga version recording jazz standard lady american singer lady_gaga began working collaborative jazz album titled recording took place year new_york_city featured jazz musicians associated artists bennett quartet present including pianist evans jazz long time friend colleague gaga played album new_york_city based jazz tenor enlisted musicians songs bennett gaga selected tracks great american including nature boy features instrumentation drums orchestral arrangement according grow rolling_stone gaga sings inspired voice range followed bennett complimenting story meeting titular character nature boy released streaming gaga vevo channel september preceding release gaga tweeted background song death horn saying composer sub culture nomadic gypsy lives performance mtv_news gave positive review saying song sounds like imagine jazz club 1940s new_york feel like grow praised sublime describing track version gaga bennett collaboration hitfix believed magic song happened bennett vocals heard following gaga singing orchestration lewis said exactly want body gaga bennett generate different kind heat guardian said song treated greatest praised flute sounds contrast gaga vulnerable vocals bennett assured slant_magazine gave negative review saying nature boy appeared inconsistent shifting soft pleasant comical short bars nature boy debuted number hours rose number debuted number chart usage films song primary theme film score boy original version producers film reportedly paid song author story paid recording featured film crossing tune lyrics feature prominently film cole version closing credits piano version served opener film song played intermediate scenes featuring principal cast recording nature boy film talented book music movies meanings markets author described song performance plot development sexual tension scene featuring law play chess naked later scene song performed jazz club film angel eyes version recorded trumpet flute featured soundtrack writing nature boy theme canadian film title directed played writing song cole played falling love woman named portrayed song central theme nature boy initially arranged techno song singer david_bowie vocals sent group remix film closing credits described rendition mysterious adding robert group piece work totally pleased end result version remix appeared soundtrack version sung introductory scenes character christian film premise based lyrics particular opening lines closing lyric greatest thing learn love loved return film reviewing noted nature boy wonderful idea flawed wonderful movie song performed film radio interview asks sing song wife son cole version played start man undisputed truth directed aired hbo
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Nature Boy
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Music
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Songs
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1900 to 1959 songs
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21970_WhoDoYouLove?(BoDiddleysong)
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love song love song written american rock roll pioneer recorded popular enduring works song represents strongest lyrical efforts uses combination type imagery upbeat rocker original use signature beat rhythm love repertoire career recordings reached record charts song interpreted recorded numerous musicians different styles adding beat popular renditions include charting singles contributions renditions song noted music critics writers beginning blues guitarist prominent fills solo original recording guitar work later adaptations acknowledged background lyrics wrote love idea came kansas_city heard group children trying particular rhythm like african chant wanted words suit recalled inspired hit man wanted songwriter lyrical telling chick bad tell cat hanging kinda meant cat stuff sings skull graveyard scream night convey sense use allusion folk magic belief events influenced use uses imagery common combined exaggerated explained line got seven miles barbed wire came quickly couldn rhyme thought car tires trains couldn fit day said use cobra snake drummer added directed female trying love lyrics confirm effect took hand said daddy understand love composition recording musically love uptempo song centered chord guitar complement vocals strong rhythm unlike later interpretations use typical beat instead song uses modified cut shuffle beat time giving feel similar love recorded chicago march year recording self titled debut single uses characteristic sound processing effects including vocal laden rhythm electric guitar answers vocal lines prominent distinctive guitar fills solo biographer calls playing revolutionary naming williams list blues definitely started spin magazine adds solo love lesson evil plays drums adds release reception song released single subsidiary reach record charts reached bigger audience included compilation album released love appears numerous later compilations including best music critic calls love strongest lyrical efforts writer notes enduring lyric order man white describes stunning display adds song spine chilling vocals eerie surreal lyrics recorded updated version song super blues collaboration album recorded film soundtrack produced song provided ensemble backing renditions hawks singer performed love live engagements early late 1950s singles recorded song february records new_york_city backed hawks later toured bob_dylan band music historian describes vocal low hard rock roll hawks guitar playing prominent recording noted music writers critic described good years ahead time distorted intensity style compared blues guitarist key contributor wolf early 1950s sound wolf guitarist solo suggested inspiring notes guitar style imitate particular previous guitarist added years later trying vain comparable effects single hit canada according writer release canadian record chart rpm magazine near border area record largely unnoticed appear billboard charts performed minute version jam style later associated grateful dead backed recording love roads album released song uses beat blues rock arrangement performed song band concert film album band biographer describes demanding loose repetitive groove roots southern rural culture continued perform love solo artist san_francisco psychedelic rock band love feature live performances group early days singer harmonica player song performed relatively blues rock arrangement featuring style beat harmonica guitar solos attempted studio recording sessions led album demo officially released album unreleased lost gold silver minutes fairly representative early performances love took different arrangement calls template hang long instrumental guitar tempo melody original tune disappearing minute live adaptation included second album happy trails edited recordings east group performs suite main theme sections allow instrumental exploration individual band members sections titled love parts anchored sections song vocals known beat non vocal sections titles play original beginning different second section features jazz influenced guitar solo guitarist guitar effects ambient audience sounds fourth section returns theme guitar solo described mojo magazine album review distinctive heavy playing band delivering solid backing fifth section highlights bass lines sixth section coda vocal harmonies rock music critic calls love best rock recordings emerge san_francisco finest hard rock recorded description song legends rock guitar essential reference rock greatest includes nearly technique effect known rock time including heavy distortion feedback echo effects novel jazz influences string bending techniques minutes song long commercial radio airplay prepared edited version release single appearance billboard hot singles chart reached number happy trails record album song taking entire best seller number album chart rolling_stone included album number list greatest albums time destroyers american blues rock singer guitarist destroyers recorded love second album contrast rendition suited dive bar psychedelic ballroom allmusic writer notes song pounding beat nasty slide guitar playing blues vocals addition lyrics included shoes baby feet got good time music beat song rock radio staple identifiable popular songs performed live aid benefit concert philadelphia love continues repertoire live recordings including 30th anniversary tour live album video recognition legacy rolling_stone_magazine ranked original song number list greatest songs time acknowledged grammy hall fame award honor recordings lasting historical significance love interpreted recorded numerous musicians folk singer recorded song album little walk describes electric rock tom adapted low playful love early guitar distortion musicians backed single version released rush year reached number billboard magazine sellers markets chart boston second love single rush released appeared number billboard bubbling hot singles chart rush performed song december included celebrates years music album dvd psychedelic rock version misunderstood recorded released sun single author writes misunderstood pumped kept short psychedelic sound effects heart attack drums eerie misunderstood guitarist reworked love later band reached number singles chart song features campbell steel guitar lines thompson describes fast mean dirty record tour swamps dirt track roads powered guitar fingers bleed recorded love early american garage band style reached number billboard hot renditions include doors jesus mary chain
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Who Do You Love? (Bo Diddley song)
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Music
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Songs
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1900 to 1959 songs
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22152_CallItStormyMonday(ButTuesdayIsJustasBad)
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stormy monday tuesday bad stormy monday tuesday bad commonly referred stormy monday song written recorded american blues electric guitar pioneer bone walker slow bar blues performed west_coast blues style features walker smooth vocal distinctive guitar work record chart hit inspired electric guitar stormy monday walker best known recorded song bland popularized song appearance pop record charts bland introduced new arrangement chord later subsequent renditions version incorrectly title stormy monday blues copied resulted royalties paid songwriters walker recorded extended version live album additional changes arrangement album popularity group concert performances brought stormy monday attention rock audiences similarly singer hit recording popular later audience stormy monday popular blues standards numerous renditions necessary blues musicians found jazz soul pop rock performers song included grammy rock roll halls fame background bone walker earliest musicians use electric guitar moving los_angeles began performing regularly clubs center city jazz blues music scene started singer dancer jazz early jump blues bands orchestra playing electric guitar singing small particular style jazz influenced blues guitar included playing guitar neck splits brought attention july walker recorded mean old world got break baby artists los_angeles based record company music writer described songs sign bone walker blues guitar know love fluid elegant riffs mellow vocals setting standard future blues measure shortly recording career interrupted musicians strike diversion key material manufacture standard inch rpm record war effort world war walker signed producer conflicting information recording date stormy monday tuesday bad released single november stormy monday blues jazz single orchestra vocals number hit billboard magazine chart reached number magazine pop chart credited composition features big band arrangement different lyrics include words stormy monday fact walker song include stormy monday title led confusion songs true titles authorship recording composition conflicting accounts recording date stormy monday tuesday bad interview walker claimed recorded song war entered world war december released war time material restrictions journalist worked early 1940s believed walker recorded capitol song march released recording ban walker single band leader mean old world recorded july released capitol places recording stormy monday september session blues writer noted blues recording date recording took place hollywood california produced stormy monday performed club combo west_coast blues style small band style heard blues biggest hits 1940s evokes intimate musical setting prevailing jump blues dance hall style accompanying walker pianist bassist drummer horn players trumpet tenor saxophone key feature song instrumentation walker prominent guitar parts including extensive use ninth chords gives song distinctive sound author explained real sound riff based starting 9th chord step sliding analyze movement chord technically 13th chord resolving 9th chord added guitar chord line little guitar ninth chord figure unique thing bone signature chord line grabbed everybody everybody plays line like law play stormy monday walker plays bars single string guitar solo writer described remain ing largely middle register contains gems particularly use space melodic development horn accompaniment compared count 1930s kansas_city jazz bands walker uses standard bar blues structure song time key tempo beats minute lyrics chronicle feelings lost love days week starting monday stormy monday tuesday bad mood improves friday eagle flies metaphor allows saturday lyrics end sunday blues continuation trend earlier blues singers conclude prayer asking lord help singer crazy baby yeah send releases charts released stormy monday tuesday bad november entered billboard played box race records chart january reached number week stay bone walker second highest charting single bobby blues reached number according article billboard april single remained strong seller article announced purchase walker released unreleased master recordings year remainder recording contract months later june capitol reissued single label walker different studio live recordings song record companies career recorded version titled stormy monday pianist bassist drummer bradley performed original recording produced included walker album bone blues atlantic records writer described remake luxurious walker guitar crisp clear sitting right recording titled stormy monday included album later recording song uses chord similar rendition included sounds american culture series npr recognition influence original stormy monday tuesday bad inducted classic blues recording single album track category writing foundation called influential records blues history guitar history inducted grammy hall fame honor recordings lasting historical significance song included songs selected song inclusion sound recordings culturally historically aesthetically significant biographer referred mount blues song singer writer noted bone career write record tune place history american music guaranteed early electric blues guitar walker influenced generation blues musicians interviews stated stormy monday inspired begin playing electric guitar greatest musical debt bone stormy monday tune sang bone tuesday bad yes lord line thrilling notes sound guitar attitude voice especially loved stormy monday sing today according music journalist musicians similarly inspired electric guitar hearing walker song include renditions stormy monday standard blues broader appeal addition necessary virtually blues musicians song known performers genres play blues popularity encyclopedia entry concludes version wrote rest assured read notes performing stormy monday confusion length stormy monday tuesday bad shortened stormy monday stormy monday referred stormy monday blues title song according specifically gave song longer set apart trouble ensued artists began recording shortened names walker blamed owner giving wrong title artists including rendition appeared stormy monday blues bland version pop chart hit subsequently copied artists incorrect title result walker lost royalties song stormy monday blues payments hit version song titled stormy monday single incorrectly listed composers version american soul blues singer recorded interpretation song nashville tennessee september session produced song turn love light recalled bone walker stormy monday blues supposed tune finished album bobby bland said hey man want tune let tune said okay sat rhythm section think takes guitar player wanted change houston played old electric bass copy walker arrangement bland felt different song notably version features chord bars seven minor chord progression bland songs including breakthrough number farther road found subsequent renditions stormy monday commented influenced bennett playing recording influenced including released bland version titled stormy monday blues single reached number thirteen week stay chart included bland album man reached number billboard album chart additionally stormy monday went number pop chart bland fourth appearance music variety television program performed dancing teenagers version brothers began performing stormy monday early group later repertoire march performance song concert hall new_york_city recorded released album version based recording expanded minutes improvised bar substituted chord additionally substituted chord bar bar instrumentation song typical group consisting vocals electric guitars bass guitar organ drums demonstrates different style music pieces slow tempo takes solo organ solo shifting jazz feel guitar solo vocal coda means careful tape edit harmonica solo omitted issued version restored song release east popular enduring albums rock audiences stormy monday definitive version song version singer recorded stormy monday rendering song uptempo jazz influenced piece evokes recording included monday album according music writer pop tinged groove vocal incarnation classic entirely song initially promoted potential hit single radio audiences responded positively major hit stormy monday eventually reached number chart number pop chart included self titled debut album recordings artists addition renditions appear music charts recordings stormy monday release
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Call It Stormy Monday (But Tuesday Is Just as Bad)
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Music
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Songs
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1900 to 1959 songs
|
23683_MagneticRag
|
magnetic magnetic piano composition american composer significant published lifetime years death unique form musical techniques employed composition background magnetic written ailing near end career interest suffering stages disease died years later possibly result mood time piece expresses melancholy entirely earlier works form piano fit classic scheme magnetic unique form novelty time form described progressive suggested trying merge elements classical form form opening melody revisited end piece form rare usage italian tempo indications magnetic interpreted intention piece aspect similar manner new magnetic begins instruction non moderately fast continues strain tempo tempo remains warning slowing minor mode section employed magnetic classic common time time signature instead usual time tunes simultaneously doubled note values effectively making unusual time signature practical effect way piece sounded way performed publishing simply way connect classical popular piano works prior fame published magnetic suggested composition fully reflected wishes contained produced magnetic consider experimental period time attempted write confined standard left hand beat incorporated like classic magnetic begins bar introduction featured beginning end piece melody strain possibly recognizable melody piece melody mode flat major main key entire piece bars mode shifts minor shift demonstrates late life techniques establishing foreign key framework strain second fourth strains magnetic unique strain written entirely minor tone generated minor scale stands revisited strain contrast minor themes strain section upbeat harmonies returning scale flat major time piece departs standard left hand pattern characterizes section piece compared style bar blues strain represents known time departs standard sixteen bar form instead bars length uneven bar division measures parallel bar blues form measures extend transition bars strains piece final strain interesting written flat minor minor keys previous sections relative key minor relative main key flat major fourth section instead parallel key strain features sections right hand left hand play notes standard time left hand beat noticeably absent end strain magnetic ends coda smiling little coda expresses rhythms heard piece legacy magnetic widely understood present kind combination moods especially described haunting darkness magnetic piece completed pushed music far characterized listeners players music large scale narrow confines form music burst music historians evaluate magnetic works late period indicative unstable mental condition resulted effects period strange collection contradictions reach concert music jazz revert style profoundly ambitious passages lie meaningless mechanical hard find compositions reflection approaching lost mind criticizes view late strange collection contradictions misses point magnetic include parts reminiscent style serve set profound parts terrifying mixture familiar unknown fact profound able bring focus music heavy weight approaching nightmare weakness biography writes early completed consider finest magnetic published year gentle quality like entertainer distinctive form range moods suggest breakthrough form albeit breakthrough came late near end life taking new direction adding emphasis form attempting combine characteristics classical western music traditional entirely different direction jazz jazz seeking theme center improvisation tended weaken sense form inherited efforts obviously strengthen sense form hear return theme restoration major momentum renewed beat recognize power album notes piano describes magnetic work paying tribute middle european dance music european masters tried emulate speculates composition short coda like farewell knew brief bleak time wrote giving artists like opportunity music record records created revival
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Magnetic Rag
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Music
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Songs
|
1900 to 1959 songs
|
25176_Oh!HowIHatetoGetUpintheMorning
|
hate morning hate morning song written gives comic perspective military life berlin composed song expression protest army routine shortly drafted united_states_army song soon rounds camp popular soldiers partly hatred universal commanding officer camp eastern long_island took interest berlin talents assigned write produce fundraising benefit raise funds new visitors center base entitled camp new_york berlin initially wrote hate morning commercial intent eventually appeared different broadway shows including film army song associated berlin performer background born russian_empire moved family new_york_city acquired united_states citizenship early expectation medical history exempt final year draft eligibility came unpleasant surprise months berlin drafted serving private camp salary month far usual earnings civilian employed private army private compelled perform labor support camp operations lot things army life didn like said berlin thing didn like world war berlin drafted united_states_army shortly united_states citizen time entered service war final months prospects victory steadily improving assigned camp eastern long_island mainly interim station infantry troops headed overseas according new_york_times commentators berlin life agree read music know instruments orchestra plays piano solitary key piano equipped shifting device enables play key piano melodies dictated music assistant composition incident inspired berlin write hate morning occasion colonel wanted group play unable comply exceeded range instruments oblivious officer ordered practice song wrote thin little sergeant berlin civilian work schedule night owl generally writing material morning efforts adjust military life good soldier included bed morning earned resentment fellow soldiers concealed hatred appeared eager wake era popular songs war praised heroism berlin instead gave voice subversive shared ordinary soldiers lyrics begin mundane newly recruited soldier camp life progress describes series increasingly absurd plans escape morning someday going murder someday going find dead step heavily spend rest life bed berlin later describe song protest written heart absolutely thought earn cent wrote song plans larger production underway soon gained popularity camp production camp commanding officer major general called berlin office asked raise funds new community house lodge families service members visited camp projected expense project berlin called favors civilian colleagues visit local performances boost morale news navy fundraising broadway called inspired berlin request permission write stage broadway production songwriter obtained permission received general bell personal permission return berlin normal creative working schedule special exemption civilian musician joined berlin camp arrange music collaborate alternate verse world war school children new_york_city sang verse someday going murder someday going find dead guy wakes spend rest life bed parodies berlin song inspired dozen parodies uncredited parody recounted new_york_times hate mess hall long foods home isn hard guess meals got eat beans got eat beans got eat beans army performances song performed soldier including broadway performances army sang hate morning movie sang song new_york_city sung war rally new_york_city mayor philadelphia song appeared shows opened august berlin entrance late dragged tent soldiers pretended asleep feet sing hate morning song centerpiece berlin performance received favorable reviews according reviewers berlin voice thin timing perfect presented hilarious stage persona years later new_york_times declared immediate hit conveyed spirit aggressive patriotism berlin caught human emotions soldier poignant pieces hate morning kitchen police extended twice exceeded fundraising goal estimates proceeds range planned visitor center built war ended shortly afterward berlin informed happened money berlin received financial benefit ordinary sergeant pay compensated publicity recognized broadway star went returned civilian life acclaim received death threat kidnapping threat took seriously purchase hire bodyguard army berlin performed hate morning stage play army ran performances broadway adapted musical following year declared modern version contained new music songs years original dark haired face strained importantly voice strong weakened months recent stage touring number filmed late afternoon expected voice best internal studio memo reported singer berlin wrote filming april letter today finished shooting portion picture certainly glad sing hate morning camera severe judge afraid great care improve decreed face voice recording record played set didn know voice said guy wrote song hear record turn grave gives fair idea hoping won bad tonight band honored birthday playing hate morning medley tribute songwriter close june earlier song ads mcdonald restaurants breakfast menu external links view sheet music cover song
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Oh! How I Hate to Get Up in the Morning
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Music
|
Songs
|
1900 to 1959 songs
|
25246_BillyBoys
|
billy boys titled billy boys loyalist song glasgow sung tune marching georgia originated 1930s signature song glasgow razor gangs led later viewed reflect long running divide city associated particular rangers origins originated 1920s signature tune called billy boys cross protestant street gang glasgow led gang clashed catholic gangs member awarded medal strike breaking general strike formed glasgow branch onset world war song geographic roots relate area glasgow historically associated city protestant population scottish scots form billy boys song sung loudly gang performed regularly sang marched primarily catholic areas holy days led boys attacked members result despite primarily based glasgow 1930s boys invited march belfast sang twelfth celebrations boys youth wing boys started attend association football matches late 1920s early 1930s time attended rangers matches rangers fans started sing billy boys song perceived affiliation despite chief constable glasgow razor gangs glasgow young joining instead remaining gangs rangers fans continued sing billy boys tribute retained prominent position glasgow gangs disbanded adopted billy boys song changed lyrics played orange walks references billy altered refer king england scotland ireland football song rangers death rangers fans continued sing billy boys commemorate boys later years attempts portray song irish catholics scotland national football team manager filmed singing billy boys faced calls step position charge scotland national football team gave backing song centre controversy surrounding ninety minute expression allegedly coined rangers chairman sir ninety minute hold beliefs nonetheless sing songs football matches simply join rest crowd rangers adopted measures tackle behaviour including attempts bring older rangers songs popular use murray speaking singing billy boys occasions rangers charged chanting singing billy boys champions league game rangers found guilty billy boys having sung years scottish government intervening ruled tolerated social historic song appeal warned rangers ordered public announcement home games prohibiting singing song despite admitting unable scottish social issue billy boys included list chants banned scottish football grounds new legislation scottish government specifically banned knees blood line banned decided scottish government context song meant despite rangers fans stating meant irish republicans fans old firm rivals celtic despite ban sung rangers matches including match queen park park sung line sung original form scottish football clubs heart use versions billy boys adapted support clubs northern_ireland billy boys song northern_ireland arisen result march belfast supporters belfast club historic links rangers blues brothers song sung supporters northern_ireland national football team match protest northern_ireland team anthem god save queen played irish cup final april introduced song chant undeniably offensive advised supporters included variations including marching georgia tune based decision precedent decision rangers doubt expressed fans enforce ban marching georgia tune song lyrics hello hello billy boys hello hello know noise knees blood surrender die boys alternative rangers specific version later written hello hello rangers boys hello hello know noise team away glasgow rangers boys
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Billy Boys
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Music
|
Songs
|
1900 to 1959 songs
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26345_I'mJustWildAboutHarry
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wild harry wild harry song written lyrics noble music broadway shuffle wild harry popular number production financially successful broadway play african american writers african american cast song broke taboo musical stage depictions romantic love african americans originally written blake rewrote number singer request result simple direct infectious tune enhanced onstage dancing selected wild harry campaign song united_states presidential election success politics led popular revival background wild harry shuffle broke racial early 20th century african americans excluded mainstream theater united_states white refused book african american act bill decade broadway african american performers blake met time fundraising benefit practices limited bills african american act night result leading african american acting teams knew reputation performers agreed feasible way african americans return broadway dignity musical comedy miller proposed collaborate resulting adapted plot characters miller comic sketches music blake music shuffle new public compositions actually written production wild harry days love find way songs material blake tried unsuccessfully sell wild harry love find way particular politically risky era approaching love duet introduced musical comedy broadly recalled black poet lyricist reason lay belief love scene strike white audience ridiculous title chorus musical famous number challenge taboo wild harry wild clear statement mutual romantic interest blake public rejection racial stereotypes norm theatrical performances creation wild harry underwent complete rewrite rehearsals nearly cut blake original version song according authors america songs performer encouraged number tempo step blake disliked suggestion feared ruin agreed audiences respond revised version early performances blake verge dropping number dancer took ill replaced singer know steps unable follow routine ignored improvised america songs quotes performance saved song dropped line smile high stepping routine stopped cold structure wild harry strong direct simple song principal device strong fourth beat tied beat song moves short melodic bursts characteristic era rhythmic genre fine cut time theater rhythm songs uses lot step wise writing note major scale sharp theater song octave tightly lyrics comprise straightforward set comparisons border comic heavenly kisses fill sweet like chocolate candy like honey bee describe song overall impact infectious delight context play number occurs early second act leading lady declares love leading man father wealthiest man town poses obstacles match overall plot concerns mayoral race black grocery store owners political office corrupt wins race shortly afterward chief police harry leads community protest returns store wins girl reception shuffle significant theatrical success ended decade systematic exclusion blacks broadway stage opened new_york_city 63rd street music hall ran performances venue actually converted lecture hall lacked proper stage orchestra pit overcame financial straits poor location black musical enjoy long run treated new_york opening night audience loved influential critics like highly enthusiastic gradually shuffle built cult status big crowds police trouble controlling traffic eventually way street black broadway 63rd street long way barely broadway words wasn broadway broadway wild harry popular number blake conducted orchestra recorded song victor label noble recording victory label altered original tone considerably order showcase talents early recordings include returned broadway revival shuffle use media sang piece songs musical arms sang band film signature tune gang popular comedy early years starring american actors husband settled london british comedian duck sang chorus wild harry underwent revival selected campaign song presidency united_states republicans democrats year joked mild harry year performed film sings song jazz standard return popularity briefly reunited blake time song appeared cartoon short evening songs sung dance routine writing american popular songs wild harry popular song shuffle performed song mad bomber character accompanies singing consisted partly line blasting machines wired set numerous explosive charges time lyrics versions released version song album certain boy
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I'm Just Wild About Harry
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Music
|
Songs
|
1900 to 1959 songs
|
27097_CrossRoadBlues
|
cross road blues cross road blues commonly known crossroads blues song written recorded american blues artist johnson performed solo piece vocal acoustic slide guitar delta blues style song mythology referring place supposedly sold soul devil exchange musical talents lyrics contain specific references revived song recordings english guitarist cream popularized song crossroads late 1960s blues rock interpretation inspired cover versions included songs rolling_stone placed number magazine list greatest guitar songs time recognition guitar work recording little known johnson life musical career recordings documented october johnson auditioned music store owner talent scout jackson mississippi passed johnson contact information representative second audition arranged johnson travel san_antonio texas recording session johnson recorded songs arc days november session recorded commercially appealing songs represented original pieces reflected current piano influenced musical trends songs include blues single popular record sweet home chicago believe dust blues standards recorded second recording date took place san_antonio day break johnson reached long standing repertoire songs record material reflects styles country blues performers influenced johnson youth songs johnson heartfelt forceful music historian sees shift lyrical themes close san_antonio session darker apocalyptic johnson work emerges evokes themes redemption darkness light musician inner life attendant cross road blues recorded johnson session san_antonio friday november sessions continued improvised studio room hotel arc producers supervised recording portable disc cutting machine unknown input johnson selection material record present similar takes song recorded lyrics interpretation crossroads intersection rural roads landmarks flat plain mississippi rivers local businesses use gas stations banks retail shops crossroads cars likely slow stop presenting best opportunity simplest reading johnson describes grief unable catch ride intersection sun sets different levels meaning attached supernatural significance song versions song open protagonist kneeling crossroads ask god mercy second sections tells failed attempts ride fourth sections expresses stranded darkness approaches asks friend advised song single includes fifth verse included second having sweet woman distress song myth johnson selling soul devil musical ability lyrics contain references bargain interpreted description singer fear losing soul devil presumably exchange talent music historian believes johnson verses support idea delta promoted having deal devil southern folklore identifies crossroads graveyard site pact identifies likely sources myth points johnson fascinated probably obsessed supernatural imagery song trail tells trying stay ahead demon pursuing devil blues sings early knocked door said hello believe time songs contribute myth johnson promoted idea debated agree devil angle good marketing blues historian sees song having elements protest social commentary second verse includes sun boy dark gon catch reference laws racial segregation united_states signs rural south advised don let sun set johnson expressing real fear charges took place suggest song deeper personal loneliness writers argue fifth verse single version captures essence song left abandoned stands looking way woman composition cross road blues reflects johnson delta blues roots repertoire recording mastery mentor son house style particularly slide guitar work music historian identifies parts straight blues subsequent adaptation black river blues melodic johnson relaxed urban approach forceful rural terms johnson guitar playing blues style contrasts johnson finger picking piano style uses style accompaniment bass strings playing melody harmonies higher strings style playing employs sharp accents bass strings imitation sharp draw harmonica players allows johnson explore different fills johnson uses technique blues shares common elements cross road blues song structure differs defined bar blues verses consistent range fourteen bars length additionally progression implied stated chords johnson uses spanish open tuning guitar tuned key johnson use slide features prominently song vocal slide parts function second answer vocal accompaniment tension dark turmoil lyrics charters characterizes song rhythm ambiguous feel music writer johnson rhythm meter performance device comes focus fluid changing accents lower beats irregular extend smaller beat divisions swing divisions beat johnson irregular rhythms variation support metric beat suggest personal vision takes song performed moderate somewhat different begin slower speed beats minute second johnson prepares fifth section slower second engineer apparently cut time limits inch rpm records addition slower tempo johnson sings verses lower pitch takes key allows greater variation vocal guitar parts differences serve help distinguish second blues character releases issued cross road blues standard rpm record single flip mind sold poorly song remained print initial release complete recordings box set second released producer substituted original johnson long playing record album compilation king delta blues singers included complete recordings shorter original single version versions american blues singer guitarist popularized dust recorded variations cross road blues titled standing crossroads feature james trademark dust slide guitar figure backing ensemble james lyrics focus lost love aspect song james recorded song august new studio california supervised session group professional studio musicians provided backup song produced newer style modern successfully james slide guitar placed mix brothers modern labels released single backed sunny land song regional hit reach national charts labels associated modern included standing crossroads james compilation albums crown blues heart rhythm soul custom records original folk blues kent records producer signed james group labels addition new material robinson james older songs including standing crossroads james recorded new_york_city late early sessions studio musicians provided backup horn section included saxophone subsidiary labels released song james death flashback records released single reissue sky crying included james compilation album titled sky crying versions appear numerous later james compilations recorded toured cousin recorded rendition titled crossroads derived guitar style music critic describes aggressive chaotic slide work unlike uses lyrics johnson second issued july recording session produced single chicago based crossroads backed baby sweet interpretation background early adapted song recording session hoc studio group dubbed powerhouse producer brought vocals guitar bass guitar harmonica piano drums project recalled reviewed potential songs wanted record saw preferred adapt older country blues attention turned songs proposed crossroads chose traveling riverside blues recording developed arrangement lyrics songs adaption guitar line biographer describes powerhouse performance slower blues based cream sings jones plays riff harmonica similar later provides instrumental solo plays rhythm guitar song released recording titled crossroads compilation album june powerhouse session continued playing author lists crossroads typical set spring cream version crossroads cream repertoire began performing july version features prominent guitar riff hard driving upbeat instrumental backing previously recorded mind late cream arrangements followed johnson original songs closely envisioned crossroads rock song question finding riff form interpreted simply band format crossroads definite riff johnson playing slide took single string strings embellished songs easiest rock roll vehicle johnson guitar line sets straight eighth note rock rhythm bruce bass continuously emphasize riff song strong regular metric drive combined baker drumming johnson irregular measures standardized typical bar sections blues progression clearly stated adapt johnson slide guitar technique open tuning instead follows electric guitar approach employs johnson guitar innovation shuffle pattern bass line singing johnson bars cross road blues johnson vocal lines calls vocal crossroads best assured cream addition johnson opening closing lyrics twice adds section traveling riverside blues instrumental break cream takes approach characteristic later live performances bruce bass lines blend rhythm harmony baker adds fills complex techniques typical jazz momentum allowed dissipate constantly reinforced recording releases cream recorded song november broadcast bbc radio program minutes length sings sections guitar solo replacing middle traveling riverside blues verse appeared albums finally released march cream recorded concert ballroom san_francisco according music writers recording edited longer performance typical trio notes crossroads box set credits engineer critic stephen_thomas_erlewine attributes editing producer cut best bits winding improvisation tight minutes allow song drive continuity biographer mentioning editing adds given passion solo performances crossroads cream able return song crossroads opening number live half cream wheels fire double album released august group breakup issued song single january reached number billboard hot pop chart original album single credit songwriter cream extensively reworked song cream played crossroads final concert royal albert hall november expanded version cream film released contains performance reunion cream revisited song royal albert hall included royal albert hall london album video cream breakup continued perform crossroads variety settings live recordings appear live crossroads live albums crossroads centre drug rehabilitation centre founded benefit centre recognition influence cross road blues inducted writing foundation noted regardless mythology rock roll renditions johnson record powerful song stand test time received grammy hall fame award acknowledge quality place recording history listed cream crossroads songs rolling_stone_magazine placed number greatest guitar songs time allmusic identifies cream crossroads recording bring attention popular music audiences allow original recordings sell million copies combining elements hard rock blues adds inspired new generation blues influenced artists rock musicians recorded numerous renditions based cream arrangement
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Cross Road Blues
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Music
|
Songs
|
1900 to 1959 songs
|
27180_LovesickBlues
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blues tune written song appeared musical recorded later country music singer recordings griffin miller inspired perform song appearances receiving enthusiastic reception audience williams decided record version despite initial push producer band released february overnight success quickly reaching number singles number played list publication named country western record year named best record year cover versions song recorded popular version topped singles chart williams version added background recordings blues originally entitled got blues published authored lyrics composed music performed tin musical recorded march following recording cliff friend song april featured new_york_city june recorded records later summer september records sent scout recording crew north_carolina aspiring artists recorded peer accompanied piano miller cut sides label including single paired big bad bill released november june accompanied miller recorded song subsequently released weak sales miller version covered country music singer december griffin rearranged song original chorus got feeling called blues verse turning verse love love beautiful gal new chorus recording heard miller griffin versions started performing song louisiana shortly joining august producer programming director reported audience went crazy time williams performed song light live audience strong positive reaction williams decided record song decision questioned musicians producer felt song merit recording williams reaction received live persisted recording took place final half hour session recorded cincinnati ohio december recording williams replaced jazz musicians modern country music band rhythm guitar string bass drums steel guitar williams session band composed electric guitar steel guitar rhythm guitar bass little time left turner replicated musical arrangement previously session cover waiting train episode williams drifting recalls recorded fred told hank song meter got bars hold note long hank said find note like wanna hold long know funny fred said tell gon thing meter gon cup coffee maybe thing cut meter fred lived rest life williams combined griffin lyrical arrangement beat track borrowing beat drops miller recording recorded takes mgm released february knock door single sold copies weeks february review billboard opined hank approach ear catching spinning based votes sent billboard record rated points disc record dealers operators track scored overall reference point scale billboard regarded record excellent reached number singles remained sixteen weeks reached number played magazine listed number country western record named best record year march requested williams send records griffin miller prove song public domain original lyricist sued suit settled november agreed mills share publishing williams recording mills retained rest rights song purchased friend rights great depression following success song williams invited appear guest grand june performance williams received standing ovation signature song close shows number hit garnered williams stage nickname blues boy singer received second billing list year selling folk artists williams version song featured films picture redemption blues added recording released cover song based williams version label song appeared originally single days recording lineup consisted providing lead guitar vocals bass drums piano song performed live old grey whistle test song later released album bubblegum ballad versions singer james released version song flip dear love june song peaked number billboard recorded version released version song version song peaked eighty seven billboard hot december version blues topped singles chart reached number billboard hot following month compared singing rough delivered negative review stating true country singer dare number blues review finished declaring depth character subtle melodic quality end february billboard estimated single sold close million copies worldwide recorded version live album love blues recorded version live album solo released version reached number single peaked number rpm country tracks included album angels featuring recorded self titled album recorded song album chart performance artists chart
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Lovesick Blues
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Music
|
Songs
|
1900 to 1959 songs
|
2298_Manchester(TheWestWing)
|
manchester west wing manchester season premiere american political drama television series west wing episodes deal president decision run election activities weeks leading official announcement parts written directed episodes contain appearances episodes mark episode added opening credits marking regular character season second episode emmy nominee outstanding art direction single camera series earned golden reel award nomination best sound editing television series plot episode picks press conference immediately season cliff left implicit clear president running second term asked plans seek election answers yeah gon win point story develops dual storylines following immediately press conference taking place weeks later staff preparing official campaign announcement manchester new_hampshire leo decides bring silver highly accomplished political consultant help election campaign conflict soon arises respective conflict particularly intense communications director toby pragmatic problem appears clear emergency receive government approval day announcement ceremony attention away event political ammunition right raise questions campaign strongly wants wave release later appears underlying motive previous mistake early story applied pressure pass bill anti tobacco measures points error passing bill given political leverage republicans upcoming election ongoing conflict haiti rescue mission staged save american citizens decides send troops spite political consequences announcing decision press makes grave mistake saying thinks president relieved focusing matters implying incident president happy use incident american lives risk attention away illness leo responds sitting press briefing offering resignation eventually persuaded stay president heartfelt assurance considers vital member administration wife abbey pleased president making bid election consulting later decides join manchester tells needs reach staff believe public apology end makes apology publicly privately nearest advisors assures help needed run campaign shrink handling controversial issues final speech tells gon write new book right right production cultural references scenes manchester shot new_hampshire spite lobbying local residents played said certainly understand people new_hampshire coming think logistics new_hampshire close financial reasons producers decided film outside parts episodes virginia instead town said quiet streets mix older architectural styles fences breathtaking views rolling countryside looking house chosen contenders pass president farmhouse home mayor marsh friends neighbours appear extras crowd scenes sub plot morning clinton economic advisor brought consultation drug called fact approved united_states september months clinton presidency political issues related haiti close parallels episode clinton presidency return president power united_states reception second episode emmy nominee outstanding art direction single camera series earned golden reel award nomination best sound editing television series episodes nominated series storyline shine awards prize awarded accurate honest portrayals sexuality writing impressed pre season special episode wrote season kicks flashback intensive manchester dvd report counted manchester dramatic episodes special reference debate president apology television pity gave episodes grade gave episodes believed episodes meant center characters audience previous season ending season finale like things continued long spectacular road perfect likely end
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Manchester (The West Wing)
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Media and drama
|
Television
|
The West Wing
|
5422_InExcelsisDeo
|
10th episode season west wing originally aired nbc december christmas special events circle toby getting involved fate dead korean war veteran reactions severe hate crime ongoing controversy surrounding leo past alcohol drug abuse written directed episode contains guest appearances earned cleveland emmy plot episode begins toby gets called police identify dead homeless man turns man korean war veteran wearing coat toby donated goodwill toby left business card event stays decides trace man relative find brother homeless influence president office arranges military funeral arlington president informed toby muster limited asks country nato president concern create precedent veterans come forward toby replies hope sir told charlie losing twin sons vietnam war joins toby veteran brother funeral worried disclose information congressman leo past treatment alcohol abuse approaches sam proposes sam prostitute friend dig dirt use leverage allies time comes leo objects strongly plan calling gets emotionally involved story deadly assault homosexual youth sees opportunity push hate crime legislation suggestion finds little support reporter encourages finally accept offer date convince president shopping rare book store refuses photographers point christmas gift day doesn follow list submitted picks book shop writes message leaves happy production real life issues episode title taken angels song luke announcing birth jesus reference christmas theme words beginning great glory god highest awarded emmy outstanding writing drama series credited summer public argument broke internet forum later known television pity cleveland claimed original idea based experiences father korean war veteran felt offended given chance honor father memory award ceremony responded cleveland contributed significantly writing credits simply rotated staff writers argument ended cleveland effort writers expressing admiration scene arlington operation pentagon liked message script wanted help originally president scene changed took away power felt scene powerful presence chief executive fourth person attending funeral superintendent arlington national cemetery appearing funeral accompanied song little drummer boy sung boys choir story hate crime young homosexual man based real life case confirmed interview gay magazine advocate reception cleveland won emmy outstanding writing drama series actor awarded prize outstanding supporting actor drama series episode nominated outstanding single camera picture editing series outstanding sound mixing drama series cleveland won writers guild america award best episodic drama february ceremony
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In Excelsis Deo
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Media and drama
|
Television
|
The West Wing
|
21082_OntheDayBefore
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day day eighth episode fourth season originally aired nbc october episode deals suicide bomber jerusalem continued negotiations estate tax written directed episode contains appearances congressman assistant secretary state bob bobby guest appearances nominated performance episode plot white_house hosting dinner nobel staff getting interrupted domestic international crises president bill repeal estate tax appears republican_party thirds majority needed veto representative democrats brought negotiate deal toby sam meeting indiana governor talk potential primary challenge leo point getting partisans taking advantage administration weakness impending hearings president tells throw elbow threaten leak fact tried blackmail president end ends striking compromise toby sam throw elbow turning democratic congressman offering deal moderate republican congressman instead palestinian suicide bomber jerusalem causes death american nationals leo consider potential implications possible relieved respond american pressure arresting leader militant group leo points solution likely temporary staff members problems deal charlie offered immunity special prosecutors leo suggests charlie insists stay team previous episode ways means went date republican congressional aide involved investigation comes clean turns met occasion found position held pleased provoked inexperienced lifestyle reporter trying bad light responds embarrassing press room production episodes written close production time september attacks writing episode season gone quiet originally air halloween october events caused writing staff episode entirely rewritten kind paralyzed said didn know write attacks air dates postponed finished day halloween episode instead episode took greater relevance actual international events writers intended august actors cold reading episode informed restaurant suicide bombing jerusalem suicide bombing american killed close similarity event script came shock actors mind blowing said toby social cultural references title episode refers conversation president staff end episode tells staff white_house dinner told jews ask god forgiveness day called jews ask forgiveness president remarks ask forgiveness god asked forgiveness people day reference palestinian leadership chairman mentioned foreign dignitaries normally fictional producer said felt right chairman real cause forever forever later episode season chairman changed fictional character point failing health real life die november continued use character references successor president bill said veto previous episode white_house sam debates time clear president fact previously vetoed bill suggested discussed occasion pocket veto point episode quotes interview aides calls newspaper exists chose combine names different newspapers reception episode war crimes nominated primetime emmy award outstanding supporting actress drama series category stars went win award television pity gave episode grade
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On the Day Before
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Media and drama
|
Television
|
The West Wing
|
2329_Pilot(Community)
|
pilot episode nbc sitcom community aired thursday september written creator episode directed episode introduces lawyer forced attend community college license tries exploit friendship faculty members easy credits fails forced join spanish study group members study group main cast series includes retired entrepreneur takes place fictional colorado based experiences community college partly modeled character emphasized cast importance credited actors skills episode attracted generally favorable reviews critics praised actors comedy writing received good viewership stood nbc thursday lineup network shows suffered declines ratings plot lawyer enrolled condition getting license plan use friendship obtain test answers jeff meets attractive attempt closer convinces join non existent spanish study group study group jeff pretends members simply invited join jeff unsuccessfully tries leave gets called football field duncan professor makes futile attempt appeal jeff conscience eventually agrees provide answers jeff returns study group discovering invited pierce annie finding smoking outside suggests study persuades return jeff eager away deliberately fight group leaves test answers duncan hands sealed envelope return jeff jeff returns group turmoil promises restore order inspirational speech sees rhetoric asks leave jeff comes clean adding test answers need study group group turns takes leaving building jeff finds pages envelope blank returns office duncan tells wanted teach lesson jeff gets car keys leave campus jeff runs pierce shows ability people feel better advice encouragement join jeff admits fraud says test answers probably day test group taken liking invite episode ends dedication recently deceased film repeatedly referenced episode cast characters pilot emphasizes character introduction great deal biographical information main characters revealed episode jeff smooth talking lawyer revealed college degree legitimate condition finishes college degree chase pierce described college dean school old people keeping minds active circle drains retired entrepreneur fortune moist married seven times decided college dropped high school thought impress joined group billboards foot modeling enrolled strongly concerned honesty lightly lying palestinian polish boy according jeff syndrome proves helpful jeff ability obtain quick detailed knowledge meets middle aged bad life choices annie got addicted pills drop high school barnes high school football star got injured failed scholarship professor psychology teacher professor duncan faced charge acquitted thanks jeff help introduced giving introductory speech new students speech ends unintentionally offensive casting emphasized importance cast making premise comedy work casting percent putting said interview worked cast members earlier chase cameo roles episode short film series produced actor long favorite principally partial chase persuaded job quality writing saw similarities chase character plays chase ridiculed career choices believed role makes pierce heroic refusal stop warn chase playing wise ass way roles character pierce figure normally butt joke known comedy soup like chase impressed writing commented reading dan script head shoulders reading appealed likable quality allowed character possess certain traits turning viewer role annie wanted resemble character movie election originally producers looking asian greater diversity find instead ended casting known role mad men production premise community based real life experiences attempt save relationship girlfriend enrolled north los_angeles spanish got involved study group somewhat instincts closely connected group people little common group started liking explained film industry gain offer background wrote main character largely based like jeff self centered independent extreme realised value connecting people creative process writing says write movie sitcom essentially says process different earlier work length target demographic filming involved lot improvisation particularly said chase tends come lines actually end scenes mentioned actor portrays adept reception time slot september pilot episode viewership million audience rating held audience office previous time slot called bright spot night nbc considering office previous year premiere preceding time slot pilot episode community received generally favorable reviews critics aggregate review website metacritic gives score based reviews entertainment_weekly ken_tucker called new season best gave grade heather writing agreed assessment commended smart writing alan_sepinwall star-ledger similarly called best funniest new season said laughed seeing pilot times impressed variety found satire wanting appreciate performance miami herald found particularly capable generating sporadic laughter amusing
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Pilot (Community)
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Media and drama
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Television
|
Community
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21479_RegionalHolidayMusic
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regional holiday music tenth episode season american television series community overall episode series originally broadcast december nbc final episode went hiatus midseason christmas themed episode musical featuring original songs performed cast members glee club members study group asked join despite dislike club lured joining exploited episode directed written musical format subtle elements episode parody fox television series glee known dislike glee series aspects musical series previous episodes premise regional holiday music draws event season human memory community clip provides closure guest starred glee club instructor episode received positive reviews critics nbc decision bench series critics praised episode high concept satire character driven moments opinion divided quality original songs according nielsen_media_research regional holiday music seen estimated million viewers drop previous week plot meeting study group reveal plans christmas spending time away disappointing wished spend holidays group renting critically inspector holiday special watch conversation interrupted performance glee club midway stops cease order tipped jeff performing music permission glee club members suffer nervous breakdown taken hospital glee club instructor invites study group join perform christmas rebuffed promptly collective dislike club series events performed songs members group lured joining club glee manages convince join club tapping desire spend christmas group christmas join reaches desire celebrate christmas group despite witness santa exploit pierce chase baby teach understand christmas song annie catches glee club virus dresses sexy santa outfit seduce jeff happy birthday jesus pierce invites children choir sing public school system thrown meaning christmas birth jesus celebrations unable resist religious springs song proclaiming happy birthday jesus non glee club member left seeks jeff find turned group backstage preparing christmas informs long term intentions group group join christmas sets forth plans group performs planet christmas stage asks originally cast mute tree replace ruins poor singing bad improvised lyrics choreography despite objections audience agree let finish awkward song spirit inclusion enraged idea inadvertently reveals caused bus crash killed glee club members mentioned human memory distracting running forcing things bright makes darkness underneath darker apartment watching inspector group suddenly arrives announce dark year cancelled plans order spend holidays episode ends joining viewing inspector holiday special production regional holiday music written debut writing credits series directed seventh directing credit music episode composed series composer lyrics writing staff episode took days shoot said longest single episode cast member saturday night live guest starred glee club instructor previously worked community executive producers pilot watching picked series creator long known dislike glee community parodied musical television series previous episodes modern warfare referenced glee lack original music human memory study group fills glee club members died bus crash sing song real lyrics events brought regional holiday music reveals true reason crash following footsteps season christmas spends episode trying group embrace holiday spirit christmas cultural references regional holiday music satire large television series glee audio transitions episode mimic audio transitions featured glee whilst glee club instructor shares similarities episode makes reference concept similar nature television series fully explained clarified unlike songs glee music regional holiday music entirely original jeff remarks scene liking glee club group reference glee creator criticism musicians don want music reveals killed previous glee club members shouts look kings distract audience escaping kings previously clashed murphy permission use songs glee song glee speaks namesake series tendency sing feelings instead making face performing baby santa recreate musical styles 1940s 1980s including performing dancing dark bob_dylan episode continues recurring spoof british television series doctor inspector making nod infamous star wars holiday special group discusses christmas plans annie reveals spend time word grandmother breast scene discovers jeff turned spoof ending remake invasion body end tag heads dean superimposed ornaments perform version carol bells names recurring lines reception ratings original american broadcast regional holiday music viewed estimated million households nielsen rating share demographic finished fourth time slot broadcast networks cbs sitcom seen million households fox reality factor seen million households special holiday episode abc reality seen million households episode repeat airing seen million households community nbc lowest performing night demographic despite slipping season lows reviews regional holiday music received positive reviews critics pleaded return buddytv placed list best episodes calling songs best original songs heard long time todd_vanderwerff gave episode saying community going away going away episode reminds love personal thing humor like funniest episode clip laughed silly point certain scenes glad episode like plays form makes laugh alan_sepinwall hitfix praised glee saying regional holiday music logical clever funny paste said best theme episodes gap high concept parody character based comedy fanatic gave episode rating saying definitely went bang didn totally blow moments factor overall episode fell positive praised rap performance called scene annie jeff creepy robert_canning ign said great episode bit end realization attempts holiday things darker jeff previously suggested fit character study group follow felt bit forced holiday course point gave episode bad review calling original songs terrible remarked fans merit better episode better commentary better parody subject hand nonetheless praised episode ending asked cares story bit weak time episode hiatus gets underway christmas let episode said enjoyed episode concept execution left desired quality songs varied okay bad atlantic compared regional holiday music glee christmas episode extraordinary merry christmas aired december said regional holiday music exposed glee repetitive couldn invented better illustrations glee inducing loved long sing song motif final note highlighted shows similarities explaining shows stick bold delivery moments
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Regional Holiday Music
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Media and drama
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Television
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Community
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2366_Flicker(song)
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song song recorded american electronic music producer released july fourth single debut studio album worlds robinson wrote produced performed track musically song contains elements disco hip hop sampling soul music vocally song contains text speech voice incorrectly translating seen japanese song titles rap like style official music video single premiered august involves footage japan filtered effects including bit video games song received critics hit chart composition favorite songs debut studio album worlds wanted experiment samples soul music fan listened favorite album second studio record discovery result hip hop style instrumental felt incomplete drums phased samples didn initially plan track worlds time later translation website translate song titles seen incorrectly japanese japanese text text speech program converted file cut rap called charming little thing finally composed lead melody chord progression robinson described journey pop song saying goes lot different places structure wise text speech speaker song translating trying find important robinson said nice come completely random song contains influences disco opening summer disco guitar moving hands air synth critic vice magazine described pitch shifting samples influenced works song composition arrangement compared works listeners compared track use soul samples glory track kanye_west album graduation release promotion premiered july vogue magazine streaming world fourth final single song initially planned album second single sea voices robinson replaced sad machine days release robinson wanted single given presented record aspect release debuted number chart united_states issue week august later appearing peak number week august remix robinson friend said best remixes gotten life heard performance label showcase released september single official remix album worlds cut ranked number seven billboard best dance electronic remixes writing mat revision worlds fan favorite lacks makes imagination official animated music video premiered august described video like seeing japan train ride scenes area fly digital alterations footage japan video filtered stunning visuals bit video game effects video received villa calling awe inspiring track critical reception received critics praised robinson track overwhelmed influences extend farther history producers field bit shame disco mixed review worlds praised goodbye world highlighting robinson intricate big room capabilities album robinson hides bass fueled self album allmusic journalist andy_kellman said review album years war sections muscular bold large crowds critic described track hook having emotional charts release history
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Flicker (song)
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Music
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Songs
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2014 songs
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3074_Sanctified(song)
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song song american hip hop recording artist taken sixth studio album song produced kanye_west featuring guest appearances rappers kanye_west big sean written aforementioned rappers producers sang hook garnered critical acclaim music critics praising production kanye_west appearance despite released single highest charting song date debuting number chart number billboard hot number canadian hot album release background development february short preview song released featuring chorus performed kanye_west big sean following track list reveal album february producer revealed produced kanye_west song produced written kanye_west lent vocal talent song late night studio session favor order meet deadline recorded hook minutes sitting song west raps feels people playing earlier works dismiss saying going worry later says forehead wash sins blood jesus people need reference experimental sixth studio album stated song favorites featured said definitely favorites time watching actually started sample sample maybe different ways ultimately went beautiful lady miami blessed hearing chorus hearing way came time definitely ross sixth studio album released free streaming itunes version released march big sean released verse song cut album version song detailing song recording process mtv big sean said studio working bunch ideas ross came conversation everybody know albums events pulled track telling think smash thought wrote verses spot sent ross live performance march big sean kanye_west performed hall backed live band live performance song rappers west surprise appearance received large response audience critical reception met critical acclaim music critics favoring west guest appearance ross los_angeles_times called album best song named album best song praised performance singing hook kanye_west production entertainment_weekly consequence sound considered song album best stated strong case early song year nomination praised song production called west appearance stealing slant_magazine said album kanye_west shows produce guest revival song pairs religious rebirth monetary excess sort ritual nme stated glorious pace fact album wrapped close air cry pretty wall wall pitchfork media gave song tag best new track stated outstanding entry ross catalogue feels like ross song rolling_stone said song shines guest singer powerful gospel kanye_west sins featured verse ross ends talking designer clothes boston_globe said kanye_west turns host fine gospel influenced stated washing sins blood jesus second god direct message thing ross muster ill fated comparison fallen cult leader feels tired praised song depth said featured worthy verse completely big sean called song enjoyable said ross contribution add song complex named second best song half writer commented saying hardly strongest verses past couple years ross sean come correct sean opening aggressive post sex cheese song weary gospel build makes way minimal spaceship melody arena confession need shouting live shows year end wanted million dollars bad bitch verdict need myspace named song best songs time period writer said track original vocal line plays like gospel sample verse makes ross rapping cheese best simply best gospel song rap jam year credits personnel credits adapted liner notes lead vocals songwriting kanye_west guest vocals songwriting production guest vocals big sean guest vocals songwriting production original production production chart performance
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Sanctified (song)
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Music
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Songs
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2014 songs
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3365_You'reMine(Eternal)
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eternal eternal song american singer songwriter mariah carey included fourteenth studio album mariah elusive premiered february single album written produced carey song lyrics revolve singer past lover critical response song positive carey vocal style use whistle register climax earned praise critics garnered comparisons carey previous singles belong united_states eternal reached number billboard hot chart experienced greater success chart seventeenth number song reached hungary chart spain carey directed music video photographer depicted singer swimming lakes puerto_rico recording artist appears love interest video features urban remix song performing verses remix video carey performed song performance empire state building background release december carey appeared nbc new year eve perform songs giving audience advice love prior singing art letting mariah elusive singer announced releasing new single february coincide valentine day february carey released eternal album single single artwork consists brand sugar united_states song released contemporary rhythmic urban adult contemporary radio stations country february urban remix featuring vocals american recording artist available download digitally february interview mtv_news carey praised vocal ability saying artists able sing rap maintaining sound current classic carey released multiple dances remixes eternal including remix additional remixes grand released march composition eternal love song written produced carey song composed key major common time moderately slow feel beats minute carey employs vocal style sings lyric live love lyrically carey past lover singing live love dying touch instrumentation consists hypnotic smooth steady piano beat slowly builds climax carey hitting whistle note sustained period time end song writer described melodic structure causes listener drawn deep carey musical abyss urban remix featuring incorporates enhanced pop feel compared original additional drums auto tune vocals garnered comparisons carey previous singles belong mtv_news time simply highlighted similar melodic structures vocals styles critical likeness songs writing disappointed hear belong following positively received retro second singles beautiful featuring art letting respectively critical reception eternal garnered generally positive response music critics mtv_news complimentary song praising carey impressive vocal range specifically drawing attention high note ends song stated eternal serves reminder carey diva game writing billboard noted slow structure majority song song noted inevitable high note saves time echoed sentiments writing ballad feels like direct descendant song mid career renaissance mega hit belong piano melodies typically carey vocal similar beat time tell eternal duplicate song record breaking success hitfix questioned carey achieve success song describing reliant singer vocal continued write song probably achieve success billboard hot find love adult contemporary radio stations fuse compared production song carey previous singles baby touch body wrote drawn whistle end song impressive felt overshadowed carey vocals urban remix slant_magazine writer thought carey voice sounded good production utterly trivial concluded expressing remix featuring slightly interesting chart performance united_kingdom eternal spent week singles chart debuting number february days released fared better chart spending week number hungary song reached peaking number spain reaching number flanders region belgium france song managed peaked number respectively belgium urban chart peaked number japan eternal reached number united_states song peaked number billboard hot chart digital downloads accounting charting points carey 46th chart entry debut song obsessed chart hot holiday song collaboration cover song eternal seventeenth number song chart single someday topped chart placing joint fifth place artist number songs time janet_jackson beyoncé rihanna madonna achieved charts peaked number chart number hip hop digital songs chart number hip hop airplay chart number chart number chart pop charts reached number adult contemporary chart number mainstream pop songs chart number rhythmic chart according nielsen soundscan song sold digital downloads april song garnered plays radio stations day release music video carey directed music video eternal photographer puerto_rico video premiered mtv february carey explained created concept video decided direct specific scenes radio interview directorial collaborative effort went interesting reason love puerto_rico favorite places favorite videos honey puerto_rico hotel involved step way like lot shots video moment additional water sequence director camera man underwater camera looking morning ready kill didn shots wouldn cut away scenes music video include carey sitting river forest covered gold sitting tropical wildlife imitating swimming underwater wearing evening gown remix video premiered days later valentine day bet park appears versions video seen modelling performs verses remix video carey praised bringing different videos live performances carey performed eternal washington february performance aired february february carey performed lighting pink red appeared couples won contest gave opportunity married building valentine day track listing original digital download eternal urban remix digital download eternal featuring dance remix streaming eternal remix eternal remix edit eternal jump extended remix eternal jump radio edit eternal grand main mix eternal matt main mix eternal remix credits personnel recording recorded new_york new_york studio las_vegas mixed atlanta production mariah carey recording assistant recording assistant mixing rivera background vocals mariah carey credits adapted liner notes mariah elusive charts
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You're Mine (Eternal)
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Music
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Songs
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2014 songs
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3901_YasssBish
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song recorded american rapper studio album final cut written song producer credited guest vocalist track released official account album promotional single following ass musically bounce drill song trap beat stripped hip hop production encompasses intense drum hits sinister echo vocal loop eerie synthesizers sound church bells ringing ominous tone lyrically addresses detractors references celebrities including performed song live time powerhouse performed song june hot summer jam background september began working studio album album desired return hip hop roots calling album sound continuation lot told mtv_news sound level talk saying excited people working people haven worked like bringing new sound album experimented april posted picture studio later month posted vine singing song chorus originally created song beat according lacked hook later came idea hook making vine added song brought unfinished version impressed song recorded vocals sent track took day finish mixing record spoke meaning word watch drag race live way speak females adopted makes feel like like sexy feminine saying opposed yes putting billion times attitude word yes posted song official shortly midnight composition musically described bouncy drill anthem trap beat features stripped hip hop production encompasses intense drum hits sinister echo vocal loop eerie synthesizers sound church bells ringing ominous tone vocals described melodic fierce message rapping compared works southern hip hop group critics including noted change sound beginning new image harvey said song continued goal image pop act said song definitely completely hear british sisters rapping song soon come strong new image lyrically addresses detractors don believe song opens singing repeatedly thirty seconds begins rap real bitch bill line don fuck homes liquor references owner banned nba leaked recordings making racist comments public mentions lyrics beat ain got skill eye tiger ain got kill look love critical reception release received positive reviews music critics digital spy named tracks need hear praising vocal delivery inclusion line fix jesus spin called song joy noted included pink print album lucky feature track half writer mtv_news praised production vocals saying melodic vocals fierce rap delivery best song critics noted musical departure pop dance pop second studio album pink friday roman mtv_news writer said found going original sound saying letting rapping speak left colorful fancy robes hyper pop production biggest hits getting roots praised chemistry rappers saw song change upbeat sound found catalogue credited ing rapping prowess writing source said sheds wig excessive gorgeous seen career grabs hook beat score release history
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Yasss Bish
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Music
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Songs
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2014 songs
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4162_Thirsty(song)
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song song american singer songwriter mariah carey fourteenth studio album mariah elusive written carey collaboration hit boy carey hit boy produced production alternate version featuring rap verse american rapper received radio premiere power day album version featuring carey available stream described club friendly song influenced hip hop makes use minimal synth beat song met mixed reaction music critics complimentary decision work hit boy rich felt carey trying hard appeal mass audience electro pop band claimed carey hook song following release album debuted south korean international single chart number strong digital download sales song included carey tour elusive background interview power radio segment called host asked carey bounce gentleman club song recent popularity artists choosing record strip club songs drunk love beyoncé pour rihanna confirmed recorded song mariah elusive called embodies feel carey revealed collaborated hit boy track written carey collaboration hit boy blu june production song carried carey hit boy produced assisted song recording studio dunes studio mixing assistant mixing vocals arranged carey added background vocals carried additional background vocal production alternate version featuring rap verse american rapper released received official radio premiere power solo album version featuring carey available stream day later single artwork released colourful picture carey making sultry pose bikini matching lower half wrapped thought carey looked despite carey confirming fourth single released album release date set don know featuring released urban contemporary radio june rhythmic contemporary radio july fourth single instead composition club friendly song influence hip hop music lasts duration minutes seconds carey lover fame causes misery yahoo music described track desperate attention singer taking center stage takes aim performs verses minimal synth beat songs begins sound drink poured glass instrumental begins play carey sings line celebrity upper register continues ask try damn hard chorus carey repeatedly sings hook rich performs background chants credited album track list appear featured artist alternate version song performs rap verse adds comedic element performing line somebody girl class water past quarter minimalist synth line garnered comparisons paris song performed kanye_west jay-z produced hit boy critics noted hit boy signature style include steering background beat production busy compared paris comes appealing comparison los_angeles_times wrote lacks song hit boy produced called flawless beyoncé self titled album critical reception critics thought mariah trying hard song garnered positive reviews contemporary music critics idolator complimentary song describing single record label probably wanted release album place went tailor radio airplay right writing publication wrote thought solo version better alternate version featuring rich rap verse writing improvement original wrong slick hit boy production don like distracted vocals verse writing yahoo music praised carey collaborating working rappers going mainstream explained consistency emphasis exposing coming rappers release album allows appeal younger audiences noting benefit exposure mtv writer commented unexpected hear song carey hit boy featured song continued write sounds like blend classic mariah pop slant_magazine described track sorts urban single release triumphant collaboration noting guest features continued write possess past releases fantasy emotions serves reminder pop gold game los_angeles_times impressed writing song believes carey deserves better considering set blueprint ethereal pop melodies speaker hip hop beats continued criticize carey desperate writing inspired street unaware eager desperate carey opted pen tune delivered best pop songs dozen years certainly knows way club groove need proof spin like decade old jam going deliver sassy soaked like came past obsessed shake remind contemporaries inspired owning radio interesting spins blueprint makes mariah carey controversy couple days premiered los_angeles based pop duo posted picture account showed picture left picture carey right claiming song similarities single released idolator noted similarity appears song words hook previously sued lady_gaga manager allegedly work duo permission gaga debut studio album charts commercial performance release album debuted number south korean international digital singles chart number download chart sales units charted number twitter tracks
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Thirsty (song)
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Music
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Songs
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2014 songs
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4993_LoveIsaCamera
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love camera love camera song performed english recording artist fifth album wrote song produced track lyrics story woman takes photos victims keeps souls pictures musically song features piano guitars double bass influences baroque love camera serviced hot adult contemporary radio stations united_kingdom single song released june release lyrics composition attained praise music critics accompany song release enlisted director music video love camera filmed italian city florence storyline features characters woman convinces man attracted picture characters ultimately trapped portraits track performed promoting record composition reception love camera song developed fifth record wrote song producer produced track popmatters described track daily_telegraph writer deemed elaborate baroque quasi ballad called song slice fun instrumentation comprises guitar chords stalking double bass played independent credited instruments providing iron curtain feel track final song characterised time reviewer energetic moments incorporates gypsy sound voice paired increasingly frantic piano song lyrics influenced russian folklore denoted literary choices child student influences song listing russian folk stories emily works examples took inspiration humour mystery serial drama love camera narrates story old woman lives house hill takes pictures individuals preserve souls photographs glass interpreted protagonist took photographs preserve memories song stating music sounded lyrically rich storytelling skills visible named song welcome break deer wolf risk album conversely allmusic stephen_thomas_erlewine described love camera moment went criticize song musicomh wrote love camera heroine distance elaborated heart cold rock enjoy track little member local youth theatre company sticky sweetness quickly song peaked number indie chart reached number release promotion announced press release love camera released single june song serviced hot adult contemporary stations united_kingdom included list promotional single sent radio stations including shortened version song dubbed radio edit directed music video love camera released video eerie dressed black ankle length lace trimmed gown walking dancing slowly inside classical mansion exploring divisions house starts adjusting picture frames hold photographs individuals pictures depicts short haired woman dressed white played starts mimicking song whilst frame story woman frame told video crossing field finds mansion photograph taken dressed black trapped frame whilst walking staircase passes man enter mansion drink dressed black holds hand convinces photograph realizing trap tries escape finds running takes photograph trapping frame love camera performed tour promotion whilst singing track reference participation strictly come dancing dance half hearted sway musicomh described reviewing concert bush hall daily_telegraph lauded performance song stated best songs night attending concert anonymous writer commented song sounded grand live setting track listing promotional single details adapted liner notes love camera single love camera radio edit credits personnel credits adapted liner notes lead vocals songwriting backing vocals guitar keyboards piano production samples synth double bass engineering mixing mastering weekly charts release history
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Love Is a Camera
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Music
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Songs
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2014 songs
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5200_YouDon'tKnowWhattoDo
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don know don know song american singer songwriter mariah carey included fourteenth studio album mariah elusive features rapper track released june fourth single album written carey production helmed song contains caught night affair written received songwriting credits result single artwork caused controversy media criticised carey images disco revival song lyrics carey dissatisfied lover failed attempts despite serviced urban rhythmic radio united_states belgium south_korea territories song charted peaking number chart ranks songs enter main chart number south_korea download chart don know garnered critical acclaim music critics complimented disco revival throwback style calling best track album compared works post songs produced carey performed song time today united_states background release don know written carey featured artist song song called caught night affair written originally performed adams credited songwriters result august cox revealed carey started working carey untitled fourteenth studio album later revealed mariah elusive singer pregnant twins resumed working project gave birth committed making got pregnant got pregnant took time came started picked right left feel like came things solid body work august revealed studio carey posting message mariah coming soon twitter account carey premiered collaboration revealed called don know live mini concert today held carey following performance carey premiered studio version morning radio solo version rap verses later released june song serviced urban contemporary radio june rhythmic contemporary radio july fourth single released album artwork controversy carey released don know fourth single album fans noticed accompanying single artwork looked odd later revealed single artwork version album cover mariah elusive head swapped image favor forward facing edited background media outlets criticized carey continuing heavily images response carey expressed discontent twitter stating selection single artwork turn asked fans send artwork designs alternatives ending message cause point song title composition lyrics don know disco revival song elements gospel pop styles lasts duration minutes seconds critics highlighted track following recent disco footsteps justin_timberlake posthumous michael_jackson material song begins carey singing dilemma wishes stay relationship lover longer capable response raps trying asking second chance carey decides long loved feels liberated letting billboard likened string arrangement single good times pitchfork_media writer compared don know carey previous singles fantasy noted felt like logical extension disco idolator thought 70s disco feel embodied single lucky response critical reception popmatters writer described song energetic track album continued write lyrics allow carey perform genuine harmonies reminiscent dance songs andy_kellman allmusic slant_magazine noted carey appeared american dance singer writer sounded like brown prominently intro described don know stunning tribute brown single somebody guy henderson continued write don know album track called carey minded performances album describing away single billboard writer complimented song dance appeal adding thing missing cameo hitfix praised song playful sentiment writing best song released mariah elusive far entertainment_weekly writer complimented caught night affair describing nostalgic stated carey embodies american singer broadway musical digital_spy lewis corner praised producing piano disco throwback appeal idolator thought don know worthy recorded american disco singer pitchfork_media praised composition noted disco gospel genres middle aged woman thrive carey fits critical decision include song similarly praised song production carey vocals thought rap verses required conversely fashion designer friend carey told vogue thought carey singing rapping complimented song describing poetry want dance summer chart performance don know debuted number belgium chart region wallonia august song broke following week charting number peaked number september spending weeks chart total song entered number week ending number download chart sales units second week song fell number seven sales units number week sales units live performance carey performed don know today performance included renditions carey previous singles baby touch body credits personnel credits adapted liner notes mariah elusive recording recorded new_york studio las_vegas hollywood sampling credits contains caught night love affair written personnel charts release history
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You Don't Know What to Do
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Music
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Songs
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2014 songs
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6324_ChasingTime(song)
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chasing time song chasing time song recorded american rapper debut studio album broke expensive taste released single album september production song handled written banks lyrically track discusses banks recovering breakup chasing time received positive reviews music critics idolator commenting song included soaring chorus promote single banks released music video chasing time november produced directed banks held contest asked producers submit remixes chasing time winner receiving pitchfork_media included track list best tracks background reported banks working debut studio album british producer despite having signed record label time january banks signed record deal work new music month later announced title album broke approximately year later submitted complete version broke expensive taste labels banks initially thought receive favorable reception labels representatives informed banks recorded hit single album ultimately banks ended record deal july later approached signed contract company banks eventually released album november december banks released series videos broke tracks broke revealed song came dubbed days breakdown video chasing time banks revealed song conceived aforementioned occasion handing completed version album labels response request banks created current produced chasing time confirmed interview pitchfork_media banks said got point like cool spent million record hit chasing time like know isn gon work composition chasing time song runs duration minutes thirty seconds rolling_stone described song diva house music going tracks instrumental banks vocal surge later said song balanced eclectic mix influences banks fast rapping technique electronic inspired beat pop diva hook performs house production billboard described song hook heavy pseudo sung track rides line hip hop pop crisp house production going label track billboard described song production mix hip hop pop dance beats going describe track shifts genres duration track aimed man labels consequence sound dusty henry noted banks spends time showing singing dance club beats banks describes track genre specific citing pop crossover garage song lyrical content explains journey breakup apart journey went describe song fits larger puzzle album album opening track idle morning later tracks album including chasing time representative later evening reception critical reception chasing time received generally positive reviews critics rolling_stone gave song half stars commenting banks delivering anthem determination face romantic collapse idolator concluded banks genuinely shines soaring chorus observing difference style displayed song compared earlier singles reviewing music video single time commented chasing time noteworthy songs broke pitchfork_media ranked song best track released commercial performance chasing time appeared charts december debuting dance club songs chart number duration seven weeks song steadily climbed chart eventually peaking number remaining chart total weeks internationally song peaked number japan hot reported billboard promotion music video music video chasing time premiered mtv november video produced directed mtv likened video past sci themed videos black white visuals futuristic sci music video going compare video visuals songs scream michael janet_jackson time commented video claiming video safe work time called video beautifully minimalist clip going comment banks likeness kim scene clip billboard compared banks past music stars seeing distinct similarities writes mind 90s acts banks dancers wear trash bag kim famous look revealing space suits remix contest november shortly release broke banks announced contest place chasing time contest banks partnered mtv involved fans creating remixes song stems available downloaded entries winner receive remix official remix track entries competition closed december time commended contest commenting song practically remix revealing large variety entries submissions ranging acoustic club sounds winners announced january second runner received tickets backstage passes banks upcoming shows runner allowed spend day banks studio winner won aforementioned live performances april banks performed chasing time set festival rap commented audience energy consistently high performance song track listing charts credits personnel credits adapted broke liner notes locations recorded mason sound studios california mixed fortress studios los_angeles california personnel vocals banks songwriting banks production assistant release history
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Chasing Time (song)
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Music
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Songs
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2014 songs
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7075_SparktheFire
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spark fire song recorded american singer songwriter song released december originally intended featured studio album scrapped favor new material wrote spark fire collaboration song producer dance pop hip hop track incorporates funk previous single baby don lie track marketed musical comeback solo artist critical responses spark fire mixed critics negatively comparing williams previous collaboration girl favored compared baby don lie lyrically song serves comeback discussing topics having good time feminism charted russia music chart number failing impact country main chart managing peak lower ends pop charts performed song live public appearances including tonight starring jimmy performed alongside medley mix previous singles background releasing solo albums love angel music baby sweet escape returned work band doubt released sixth studio album push time claimed need want happy doubt appearance performance valley music arts festival teased rare live appearance start comeback effort singer shortly performance performed girl live voice promote upcoming role interview mtv_news week confirmed working new material solo album doubt album stated going studio tonight williams going writing seeing comes way recording things williams completed tell killing level interview said song perfect story feeling personal life didn feminist anthem thought feeling release baby don lie month prior released december composition lyrics spark fire written williams serves track sole producer song dance pop hip hop track funk music heavy percussion august brown los_angeles_times described song vintage moves band drum lines lot open space shouts lyrically song discusses different themes feminism girl power clear lyric time girl species grow let balance scales clear lyric got lighter let spark fire interview williams stated song sound direction particularly song lyrics feminism women standing standing described song inspired feeling female species suppressed long calling lyric got lighter let spark fire way demanding respect women interview identified song personal song journey instead feminist anthem supported williams interpretation saying love people discover opinions song miller described word feminism ing place attempt avoid controversy critical reception spark fire received mixed reviews critics august brown writing los_angeles_times praised single welcome return studio styles williams gave single positive review calling throwback modern age song unity praised song having typical gwen combined signature quirky beats rhythm miller chose lyrics cloud vocal delivery rap sing talking business later criticized baby don lie bland divided opinion slant_magazine called song attempt repeat past hits update singer sound described improvement previous single baby don lie time said repetitive packs attitude girl serve club nearly negative review described song viewed lot hot air failed attempt past magic williams collaboration girl wondering sound critical song lyrics saying look prior discography suggest fuel left particular theme compared previous work doubt song start fire album rock steady music video background synopsis music video released december official youtube account video produced long time collaborator beginning video shown floating cloud animated video remainder parties underground nightclub friends groups animated animated figures flash screen song bridge chorus visually acts song lyrics help described video storyline cartoon universe underground club pop video style graphics flying stated video includes conspicuous prints pizza reception video received predominantly positive reviews critics time magazine gave video positive review saying comes life colorful blend animation reality described video feminist message consist bringing bunch attractive dancers dressed burning club confidence billboard compared music video video baby don lie stating black white animated colorful world live performances williams performed song live december episode voice performance opened floating stage huge animated cloud head dressed powder blue cloud decorated williams joined stage wearing dark blue performed spark fire new year eve december february performed song tonight starring jimmy medley previous singles rich girl waiting sweet escape charts release history
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Spark the Fire
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Music
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Songs
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2014 songs
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7373_DevilPray
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devil pray devil pray song recorded american singer songwriter madonna thirteenth studio album written produced madonna additional writing early stages album madonna encouraged manager work team songwriters worked seven songs devil pray composed madonna desired talk experiences drugs quest spirituality lyrically song deals themes drug addiction sin desire salvation drug fueled devil pray song combines elements country pop folk similarities madonna single don tell previous work animals version traditional folk song house rising sun song received high praise critics musical elements highlighted self conscious lyrics criticism list drugs chorus following release pre ordered song song charted european territories reaching finland greece hungary lebanon madonna performed song time italian tempo wearing black background release madonna met singer appeared ultra music festival premiere remix single girl gone wild produced later developing upcoming album madonna manager suggested singer work songwriting team singer accepted fan work march singer posted picture account house work heading studio week later posted photos team songwriters claiming great songs interview interview madonna said song people drugs connect god higher level consciousness saying matrix high lot people drop acid drugs want closer god going short circuit illusion drugs illusion getting closer god ultimately kill destroy mean tried soon high spent time drinking tons water system soon high obsessed like interview said song written particular merely sharing experiences rolling_stone published article madonna advocated intense personal exploration drug use asked devil pray run risk misunderstood song encouraging drugs madonna replied certainly judging people drugs saying don drugs saying things connect higher level ultimately going lost people getting high trying connect higher level consciousness way sustain demo version devil pray leaked internet december alongside demos upcoming album following madonna released album titled pre order december ordered tracks automatically downloaded including devil pray madonna stated songs meant early christmas gift added prefer fans hear completed versions songs instead incomplete tracks circulating recording composition devil pray written produced madonna additional writing responsible providing keyboards programming providing guitars additional recording mixing song engineer devil pray described moody mid tempo semi acoustic pop song overcoming addiction country tinged style comparison tracks album critics found similarities song madonna single don tell country pop elements traditional folk song house rising sun vibe devil pray brings madonna devoted disciple drawn darker kind prayer noted story deals sin song starts hand guitar country edge characteristic swedish producer output claimed chorus contains warning list offer brief relief sings drugs smoke drink whiskey yeah high drop acid second verse madonna understand spiritual plight sings mother mary help cause gone angels flown away warning near later advises providing brief relief use drugs provide positive effect user warning yeah run hide won find answers invite help making devil pray pitched voice joins plea soul saved sings save soul save soul save devil fool bed samples rises mix tiny madonna voices abyss critical reception devil pray received positive response music critics noting song reaches pop single don tell subject matter house rising sun jim new york daily news praised addition house beat gives lure found similarities devil pray songs defining acoustic guitar electro cowboy song melody doesn attempt hide familiarity house rising sun huffington_post pointed madonna evoked traditional dance known time enthusiastically wrote song fit radio year british house pop hey brother idolator praised blood diamonds ing divine pair devil pray hear styles woven beat independent found devil pray recalled career apex achievements like prayer nme opined song reminiscent lady_gaga dance tune stephen allmusic picked best songs calling expert rolling_stone agreed noting helps madonna revive beats vibe music slant_magazine went calling best song years continued praising devil pray ing animals band witch house tendencies salvation rid unexpected low end groove saw song highlight describing gospel tinged acoustic guitar irresistible plea salvation divine guidance face drugs consequence sound considered devil pray madonna best release years chorus strongest decades praised madonna voice pitch shifted echo unlike bitch beats production perfectly hell song getting heavy longing self direction new_york_times shared view noting song showcase madonna best singing years national felt song similar animals version house rising sun praised better country dance song madonna cover american pie criticism directed list drugs chorus devil pray washington_post criticized fact lyrics feel violently resistant wisdom citing menu chorus asking best help forget happening spin wrote laundry list referenced song noting makes devil pray sound like pitchfork media went criticize list strange tender comical thing ultimately boring stadium song seeking big god madonna madonna sic downfall rebel heart alexis_petridis guardian negative devil pray production claiming pretty transparent attempt come lines hit wake chart performance devil pray charted european territories release album tracks december song reached greece hungary peaking numbers respectively finland lebanon sweden devil pray managed reach reaching numbers spain song reached number album lowest charting song france devil pray highest charting song living love album second single respectively peaked number live performances march madonna performed song time italian tempo album second single episode featuring appearance aired march performance devil pray madonna wore extravagant black writer yahoo noticed performances warmly received audience appreciated madonna emphasis melodies vocals performance costumes stage props idolator noted performance weekend sins singer emotionally sings tune devil pray currently performed madonna rebel heart tour following supper themed performance holy water vogue madonna climbed center stage perform devil pray performance male dancers dressed priest engaged dance dancers montreal gazette said found performance challenging previous song promotional videos related tour rehearsals dancer interviews credits personnel inc bmi bmi sony scandinavia team songs personnel personnel adapted madonna official website charts
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Devil Pray
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Music
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Songs
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2014 songs
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8684_CherryPop
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cherry pop cherry pop song recorded romanian recording artist sophomore studio album unlocked available digital download second single unlocked cherry pop written stan production handled track recorded romania additionally engineered cherry pop described pop song stan interviews prior track release accompanying music video cherry pop premiered stan youtube channel clip director director photography shot romania portrays stan background dancers performing choreography created performer song reached number japan hot sought largest japanese profile site background composition cherry pop written stan production handled recorded romania additionally mixed engineered production sweden work track romanian international songwriting camp held international singers present weeks event track described pop song stan interviews prior release cherry pop noticed influences administrator commended recording influenced house describing song instrumentation electric vibrant writer singles described song compared bubble pop south korean singer according cherry pop uses breakdown main idea song based stan kiss according like candy critical reception cherry pop received generally mixed reviews music critics release singles gave song overall rating writer singles confessed better title song pepper website described song outdated time catchy funny praised song refrain went saying cherry pop doesn reach standards like previously launched songs music website pop shock described single track express criticized cherry pop irritating went saying verse let horrific chorus truly nasty backing track website praised overall album unlocked mentioning song ironic commercial performance according biggest japanese profile site cherry pop sought website hours news cherry pop achieved success japan came stan tour turkey organizers displayed sentence number main screen club song entered japan hot number july subsequently chart week cherry pop debuted number lasted weeks chart reaching peak position number track peaked number turkish number compiled september music video accompanying music video cherry pop uploaded stan youtube channel amassed total million views clip shot romania set built specially project accompanying choreography choreographed romanian performer shiny glam different outfits video designed particularly stan described video incorporating futuristic retro point view video opens stan male dancers presented dark white room subsequently room stan seen wearing transparent sunglasses white silver jacket following tennis background dancers holds face returning nearby dancer stan performs pre refrain song female performers clutch hair hands refrain female background dancers performing synchronized dances having dressing white clothing red accessories following stan presented standing yellow plate kept air threads wears silver wig stan shown walking tennis field plays tennis match breakdown cherry pop video gets introduced dark room previously shown male background dancers presented video continues stan dancing accompanied dancers clip finally ends pink tennis ball dropping ceiling screen black live performances december stan performed cherry pop episode shortly performance expressed disappointed stan act didn provide live vocals interview stan confessed conditions appearance previously discussed producers surprised performing cherry pop included cherry pop summer tour track listings
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Cherry Pop
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Music
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Songs
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2014 songs
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8697_HeavyCrown(song)
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heavy crown song heavy crown song recorded australian rapper featuring english singer recorded reclassified reissue debut studio album new classic wrote song producers additional writing heavy crown received generally positive reviews critics commended delivery track finding superior earlier songs heavy crown backing track trailer film secret service week album release heavy crown charted number chart entered digital urban subsidiary charts peaked hot digital rap songs peaked track peaked lower ends czech_republic digital singles charts background announced song september discussed reclassified particular reading ellie nice little promotional campaign leading release reclassified revealed collaborating ellie track titled heavy crown featured film secret service october giving interview mentioned longtime desire work meeting times approached song eventually heavy crown recalled meeting played love felt kind appropriate collaboration brings different artists don usually november preview heavy crown uploaded vevo channel december trouble announced single reclassified opposed heavy crown fans reacted badly leading releasing statement explaining test audiences preferred trouble heavy crown duet pop rhythmic radio composition heavy crown hip hop pop electronica track runs total duration minutes seconds idolator observed hard hitting tune finds switching usually laid flow teeth rap chilling vocals described song aggressive track dedicated jim_farber new_york_daily_news commented heavy crown tribal rock beat cameo vocal ellie went lyrics referring dispute new verse addresses recent light hearted beef rid makeup let raps point series october writer described delivery chorus signature echo voice going describe tracks production 70s bass guitar heavy rock critical reception heavy crown received generally positive reviews music critics direct lyrics described song anticipated track reclassified writing love contrast menacing verses vulnerable ellie choruses track premiered ahead release reclassified writer capital wrote doesn described track central ending review generally new office jam track received jim_farber new_york_daily_news commended tracks instrumental cameo positive review time commented heavy crown won change minds written rapper double time rap march ease occasionally verses early singles went describe verse song unforgettable described vocals smooth writer fuse commented ellie know aren planning moving spot soon reclassified release critics deemed heavy crown standout cut album idolator said new material release stands future hit picked track focus tracks reclassified writing heavy crown interesting verses beat hard hitting chorus music lush minimalist backdrop creates interesting bit contrast writer thought heavy crown standout track reclassified described alternative single black widow specifically song harder beat drop mixed review song thought track questioned usage term writer herald panned reclassified review described heavy crown ironic statement heavy crown moment irony telling rid makeup let raps australian born rapper denies roots sits comfortably american culture forget makeup accolades digital_spy named heavy crown weekly tracks need hear placing song number list writing deliver hip hop number sure help secure chart throne little longer fuse placed track number list best female collaborations describing track appreciated jam credits personnel credits adapted reclassified liner notes locations recorded london personnel charts
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Heavy Crown (song)
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Music
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Songs
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2014 songs
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9178_RingOff(song)
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ring song ring song american singer beyoncé taken reissue fifth studio album beyoncé subtitled song released november contemporary hit radio italy urban adult contemporary united_states second single reissue reggae tinged ballad built slight rhythm influenced beats ring addresses end marriage beyoncé parents written form open letter encouragement mother release ring received favorable reviews music critics deemed personal songs released beyoncé commercially single appeared record charts including bubbling hot peaked number charted european countries including france netherlands united_kingdom background november announced press release beyoncé release platinum edition self titled fifth studio album november containing disc album titled beyoncé include new songs titled ring november second songs appeared online reports impact radio stations november following day versions songs surfaced internet ring released november italian contemporary hit radio alongside ring impacted urban adult contemporary radio united_states composition ring written beyoncé ballad runs duration minutes described reggae tinged track los_angeles_times new_york_post opined song built slight rhythm additionally writing noted slightly influenced beats ring lyrically song addresses end marriage beyoncé parents lyrics written form open letter singer praises mother courage ending dysfunctional marriage beginning song beyoncé sings mama understand nights think father tried perfect wife wish didn hurt vogue noted song thematically follow single ladies discussing similar private subject matter singer opined lyrics apply women toxic relationships ring contains lyrics beyoncé declares mother time love encouraging happiness lyrics noted witty singer song love song ends portions speech delivered reception critical reception jim_farber new_york_daily_news wrote ring worth robert_christgau named track song wrote ring beyoncé previous song single ladies ring song settling ode starting behalf usa_today labelled track hybrid sound caribbean standing sun grown woman reviewer vulture said ring isn special musically likened song style beyoncé previous songs life complimented song lyrics calling personal songs beyoncé released vogue editor praised ring good track importantly personal profound songs released time magazine praised ring big step forward singer music career noting album theme examination circumstances better song placed number annual poll complied village_voice chart performance ring appeared number december remained week netherlands single debuted number single chart december following week dropped number song peaked number bubbling hot chart chart acts song extension billboard hot better performance chart peaked number united_kingdom ring debuted number singles chart chart issue dated december placement peak position country credits personnel credits adapted singer official website album liner notes song credits writing beyoncé production additional production hit boy production mike house cook classics engineering mixing royal engineering consulting new_york_city weekly charts
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Ring Off (song)
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Music
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Songs
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2014 songs
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10637_HeavyMetalandReflective
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heavy metal reflective song recorded american rapper debut studio album broke expensive taste released second single album july production song handled previously worked banks single writing came banks track received generally mixed reviews critics complimented song overall sound critical banks vocals promote heavy metal reflective banks released music video song august directed banks escapes kidnapped left desert leading motorcycle gang terrain pit background reported banks working debut studio album british producer despite signed record label time january banks signed deal work new music month later announced title album broke expensive taste announced september banks posted track listing album account approximately year later handed complete version album labels banks initially thought receive favorable reception labels representatives told banks recorded hit single album ultimately banks ended record deal july track banks released new label later approached signed contract company ultimately led long awaited release broke expensive taste november december banks released series videos gave track track commentary songs broke revealed song came dubbed days commentary video heavy metal reflective banks revealed song created day studio session based london track producer friends talked internet area segregated rest group days emerged segregated space second day studio instrumental track banks described initial reaction song production holy shit crazy beat reminded past works revealed track originally titled street angel composition heavy metal reflective song runs duration minutes thirty seconds track produced internet previously worked banks single direct lyrics described song instrumental hard hitting menacing beat courtesy internet commented song possessed combo bass sweat soaked synths writing vibe described song instrumental high energy yielding backdrop going describe banks rapping song banks employs sexual prowess reception track received generally mixed reviews critics bet spoke track calling high energy song stuff reminding competitors thought song potential true club writer described track brooding menacing going describe banks delivery banks verses way recalls magic lethal track positive review complimented track writing harlem native flow rhymes laden lines boss status mixed review direct lyrics complimented song instrumental critical banks vocals writing heavy metal reflective possesses hard hitting menacing beat courtesy internet lot rapping commenting need mainstream song banks wants career idolator panned track describing song trap trash recommending banks spends time actually focus ing making shit music commercially single achieved minor success song peaked number indie chart number indie promotion music video banks initially announced track release video song music video july banks seen standing sun sporting black adorned flames chest matching flames sleeve critics called release date bold video scheduled drop mere hours fellow female rapper music video released august directed video banks escapes kidnapped left desert leading motorcycle gang terrain pit live performances april banks performed heavy metal reflective set festival rap commented audience energy consistently high performance track listing charts credits personnel credits adapted broke liner notes locations recorded london mixed fortress studios los_angeles california personnel vocals banks songwriting banks production internet engineering assistant release history
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Heavy Metal and Reflective
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Music
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Songs
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2014 songs
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11877_BacktotheShack
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song american rock band released single ninth studio album end july song sent radio stations uploaded youtube channel day single official release written response band past albums lead vocalist wanting return roots song received generally favorable reviews background composition written song produced wrote majority song describing jacob contribution song randomly singing title hanging couch listening rivers song doesn half songwriting credit point song performed bridge containing lyric belong rock zone based fan suggestions changed rock zone rock world composition song stated tried find different melodies different beats different things stated couldn crack code ahead record introduced synth melody line song period explained lyrics refer feels bad direction band taken past material admitted went edge explained desire create classic rock record word serves reference house home original members lived recorded demos lyrically deals theme nostalgia wish return band roots stated song serves thematic continuation previous songs garage memories deals relationship fans serves basically apology past decades promise embrace roots song opening lines sorry guys didn realize needed particular reinforce theme song categorized alternative rock power pop critical reception received generally positive reviews contemporary music critics regarded similar band second album stated song features hooks days turn events chorus short pure wall_street_journal described song minutes pure joy particularly simple heavy riffs self lyrics spin critic complimented song choruses guitar anti hitfix reviewer called song generic rock went compliment middle considered song lot promising recent releases billboard ranked band fifth best lead single beating pipe wondering want want pork beans memories fuse praised return band old sound saying promising look sure satisfying listen new old fans alike vine commented sounds exactly like highly professional commercial rock band performing styled song returning roots release live performances released single end july day release song sent radio stations uploaded band youtube channel prior release song performed february band performed tonight starring jimmy july song performance television august song played music video music video directed released september video features band playing song moon chart performance
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Back to the Shack
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Music
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Songs
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2014 songs
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15196_LivingforLove
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living love living love song recorded american singer madonna thirteenth studio album written produced madonna additional writing toby originally intended valentine day release song rush released lead single album december demos recorded album leaked internet house track madonna experimented different musical genres living love contains instrumentation percussion piano singer gospel choir madonna composed track break song wanted lyrics uplifting nature talking negative thoughts positive responses living love received positive reviews critics praised rhythm lyrics comparing earlier works considered song step lead singles united_states failed enter billboard hot madonna 44th number hit chart tying country singer act number singles billboard chart united_kingdom bbc_radio_1 decided play song entered singles chart number madonna single extending record female artist singles living love reached charts finland hungary israel japan lebanon commercially unsuccessful nations accompanying music video directed french duo known released february storyline incorporates mythological elements shows madonna fighting dancers dressed like red circular stage numerous costume changes critically appreciated empowering theme gender roles madonna performed song similar theme 57th annual grammy awards watched moment night second performance brit awards headlines singer wardrobe malfunction causing pulled flight stairs stage alternate versions living love performed ellen degeneres madonna rebel heart tour writing development living love written produced madonna additional writing madonna collaboration revealed image showing working invited annual oscar party began music sent music madonna replied page text containing anecdotes music following started collaborating album interview idolator explained madonna asked provide record album wrote recorded seven songs added records gon crazy sounding pushed envelope stuff love artist gives producer confidence needs work madonna open minded ideas day according living love versions ranging piano ballad composition ultimately madonna middle level british singer joined writing sessions improving verse song madonna denied versions song admitting little high commented wanted sound knew wanted dance record know different levels dance music different categories house music like bass line gon sound like gon stripped sparse going loaded gon chicago house gon house like place gon little bit vocal line gon choir singing experimenting trying different things sounded good end day wanted sound timeless moment october american singer confirmed worked madonna upcoming studio album saying good meeting madonna working like maybe play piano thing like try hate like casual cool annie london community gospel choir provided female background vocals song madonna mentioned new versions coming describing song mellow productions madonna composed living love break song commenting lots people write love happy write having broken heart writes having broken heart hopeful triumphant thought didn want share sentiment victim scenario devastated stronger complemented saying living love kind like old new mixed release demo version living love leaked internet december alongside demo recordings madonna untitled thirteenth studio album december album title confirmed available pre order itunes tracks including living love album lead single madonna stated songs meant early christmas gift originally living love intended released valentine day rest record slated spring release leak materials release date pushed went prefer fans hear completed versions songs instead incomplete tracks circulating billboard reported versions song sent club december original version instrumental sent song soft sell december radio outlets failed receive airplay formats garnering total plays rushed release christmas week programmers vacation label decided service radio started official adds date mainstream radio stations february living love commercially released february united_kingdom number remixes released streaming recording composition living love house song starts madonna sings piano line eventually joined percussion song set simple time signature tempo beats minute composed key minor madonna vocals spanning range living love sequence chord progression rhythm flowing song engineered mixed additional recording mixing track london community provided backing vocals track keys acted additional musicians daily_telegraph explained song classic madonna traits religious references gospel choir 1990s piano beats bass compared singles like prayer express billboard keys piano tracks added alongside electronic music gospel chorus madonna negative thoughts positive lyrics unlike madonna previous lead singles minutes living love puts emphasis lyrics vocals lines bridge going like took heaven let fall gon carry drop middle sal_cinquemani slant_magazine described song meets like prayer noted changes leaked demo version throwback house music replaced pulse sound keys piano gospel removed end song popmatters living love fitted contemporary pop music releases ethic displayed starting shake break free katy_perry survivor anthem like nature track evocative madonna survival music career singer explained meaning lyrics song having heart broken saying know going life goes carry won stop believing love pick crown head walk life believing love true love exist critical response following release living love earned critical praise song commending madonna confident vocal delivery said song sounded like combination madonna past present represents encouraging sign project unexpectedly thrown jeopardy end stern compared song madonna single deeper deeper noting unlike dance acts teen pop groups paying homage 1990s house music madonna lived era calling song total beast collaborative effort ended review saying fuck singing club madonna known lived love future nostalgic past time observed living love tailor radio increase popularity house music crossover success british house musicians giving song rating stars new_york_post complimented gospel tinged dance track beaten souls thanks love gon lift refrain expected song hit dance pop charts writing usa today complimented optimistic self assured nature song adding sort determined dance anthem madonna hunter described song solid different club appreciated dance break madonna singing attitude calling defiant days compared living love earlier club anthems songs commercial success madonna writing nick_levine described song perfectly pitched comeback single returning cheap sings picked crown head feels like statement intent lewis corner digital_spy listed tracks week adding composition cut described track beats contemporary found chorus hooks reminiscent old school songs true blue fans hear joy nostalgia song new_york_times commended living love ability transform breakup emotions uplifting redemption called madonna best singles decade writing popmatters found track madonna release express praised song epic uplifting believing open madonna music new generation jim_farber new york daily news found song return form singer describing prime mix club pop music old school piano soaring backup vocals melody keeps lifting higher vice believed song reflected personalities songwriters feeling production lyrics success believed living love embodied aspect madonna life mixture past present future view shared new_york criticized songs album called living love unexpectedly perfect balance ghosts past future daily_telegraph called original songs released critical lyrics saying failed penetrate soul complemented changes song demo version calling madonna lead single years lamented nasal vocals singer danish music magazine found song melodic reminiscent music madonna tenth studio album confessions dance floor year end ranking slant_magazine listed living love number saying sure song essence remains madonna message life love didn register commercial comeback scale believe remains pop gospel sequel highest order chart performance following pre order release living love entered chart number chart numbers digital downloads week living love moved number chart sales copies peaked number singer single chart achieved streams music video premiere sales copies greatest chart january living love debuted number chart making singer appearance previous single turn radio climbed number following week number greatest chart weeks issue dated march living love madonna 44th number song chart collected chart act number singles billboard chart living love enter billboard hot debuted number bubbling hot singles chart madonna 29th entry pop songs chart debuting number february billboard reported debut increased radio spins stations debuted number chart madonna oldest female artist enter pop songs chart reached number featured artist janet_jackson single son gun think song europe song debuted number france number hungary number spain alongside tracks japan song debuted number japan hot week ending january climbing number following week spain debuted number release remixes charted separately albums chart number united_kingdom bbc_radio_1 decided play madonna single committee think record good heavy airplay head music thought fans older target demographic vast majority people like madonna like music frankly moved madonna said station criticized madonna promoting age discrimination musicians madonna collaborator record representatives said songs chosen chosen basis artist age living love instead added audiences aged explained asked cater younger audiences according official_charts_company song moved singles chart days available sales reported mid week chart report ultimately debuted number chart sales copies madonna single extending record female artist singles music video development december madonna manager announced music video scheduled released early february video directed french duo known edited styled choreographed according madonna wanted cinematic storytelling aspect video adding thing song passionate song present passionate way mythology tell story story fighting love color red flowers horns death naked men know important things life don want video love video felt like painting came life trying creator fashion label different kinds enlisted create clothing video performance explained initially thought madonna mail confirmation singer assistant stylist started working designs hours new created new ones basing information provided madonna bra size search google rest singer proportions total different shipped madonna designer contacted visited designer press conference los_angeles asked send ideas sketches video deal finalized created custom jacket madonna wore video dress featuring nude stretch covered different types lace black silk tie red velvet jacket described masculine feminine mix sort tight sexy gender bending thing come expect madonna singer team sent references wanted feminine touch designs utilizing numerous nude color palette highlight singer body curves explained madonna video inspired recent runway shows christian singer applied parallel eye liner jacket look sported bobby pin like hair designer approved costumes dancers crystal masks designed leather horns gave approval applied singer face sequence video release synopsis music video released picture application february available viewing application snap channel platform madonna artist premiere video video deleted hours lieu self later uploaded madonna vevo channel marketing week commended decision believing major decision madonna label way label giants host content app branded content video begins focus light madonna hand gradually reveals circular red stage surrounded red madonna wearing red velvet jacket moves stage throwing cape choreographed dance moves interspersed visuals male dancer wearing mask dancing ground madonna dress male dancer cape chorus ends flock male dancers wearing similar mask appear surround madonna stage second verse madonna chase dancers defeat mock fight pick perform second choreography atop stage madonna shown red cape final verses chorus madonna nude dances ultimately visual shows singer standing slain bodies throwing cape holding pair horns left hand red roses fall sound applause heard quote german philosopher flashes screen man animal felt best earth invented hell heaven reception analysis forbes commended madonna decision partner video release considered profit parties madonna enable connect younger audience release new madonna video lead older demographic download app huffington_post believed music video imagery matched uplifting nature song compared parts video express hung saying madonna emerging victorious flock men dressed evoked leaks songs recalling self videos girl gone wild explained madonna presents queen big relying allusions prove master pop scene madonna video waited decade houston_chronicle gave positive review saying haven learned time madonna describing video nice fit song writer guardian described video straightforward performance clip believed simplistic nature video suggested designed viewed mobile devices hitfix called living love madonna best video hung found references older madonna videos like express unusual choreography masculine bow theme playing familiar imagery career open heart sequences madonna dancers commended choreography costumes madonna looks cinematography video bow reference billboard called video incredible lush arresting criticized end said video good expected completely killer moves insane physique equally awe outfits found video gender roles madonna assuming role title generally reserved man noted madonna demonstrated toned lean physique demonstrating unique mastery male species madonna transforms fierce sexy clip dances butt seriously moves jim_farber new_york_daily_news found contrast song title battlefield like portrayal video saying song lyrics reflect aftermath hard won battle yahoo found video strange believed expected madonna live performances madonna performed living love 57th annual grammy awards february confirmed appearance ceremony image grammy trophy wrapped black strings like internet cover art rebel heart singer dressed piece outfit red surrounded male dancers similar song music video developed designer styled performance described beautiful story fight reflects life introduced singers performance began images madonna screen talking starting revolution emerged screen started singing surrounded dancers near end singer encouraged audience sing finally pulled atop stage wire forbes reported madonna performance watched moment night rolling_stone described legendary singer blood live performance song mtv_news observed symbolism performance including rituals organized religion homage metaphor death listed best performance saying major pop performance look effort sing live auto tune choreographed performance heavily praised madonna performed song brit awards february early stages performance wardrobe malfunction caused pulled flight stairs stage later revealed cape tied tightly dancers attempted remove neck fell floor madonna continued performance planned later took confirm posting thanks good wishes fine billboard praised performance madonna recovery saying singer didn let fall affect performance quickly recovered deliver choreographed routine mirrored theme recent performance madonna explained ross told start walking stage originally planned team thought cape slid tied tightly round neck singer choices cape come fall chose fall madonna endured added head man standing sure singer jokingly added use cape performances attributed prompt recovery having good core strength daily exercise routine accident led increase viewership awards according british_phonographic_industry event resulted increase twitter activity compared previous year exchange million million viewers tuned watch performance singer fall voted shocking celebrity moment february madonna appeared ross england aired march performed edited version living love wearing black dress march madonna appeared france edited version living love performed observed madonna wear cape performance writing idolator noted performance energetic remix song vocals background segment madonna climbed atop piano sing song weeks later similar performance aired ellen degeneres joined degeneres onstage end performance madonna added song section set list rebel heart tour singer enlisted spanish company creating costume cape related costumes backing dancers set remix song performance choreography brit awards montreal gazette said performance evening minor victories calling saw smooth transition living love section tour track listings formats credits personnel appears courtesy division appears courtesy inc like turtles music songs emi april lion god publishing adapted madonna official website charts certifications release history
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Living for Love
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Music
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Songs
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2014 songs
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15351_BabyDon'tLie
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lie baby don lie song recorded american singer songwriter written produced baby don lie electropop reggae pop track song available digital download october day later mainstream radio stations serves musical comeback solo artist solo single early winter released january lyrically baby don lie discusses relationship song received generally mixed favorable reviews receptive reggae environment ambivalent song noting wasn expected music video released october directed longtime collaborator directed handful videos solo career intended featured studio album single scrapped favor new material background release releasing solo albums love angel music baby sweet escape returned work band doubt released sixth studio album push time claimed need want happy doubt appearance performance valley music arts festival teased rare live appearance start comeback effort singer july interview idolator record producer announced produced songs new album september interview mtv_news week confirmed working solo album doubt album stating going studio tonight williams going writing seeing comes way recording things williams completed tell killing level later month music website announced going release single called baby don lie set premiere october news accidentally posted site lists current upcoming radio releases furthermore song reportedly written produced video going directed worked numerous times videos doubt solo career october song leaked online ahead premiere date october day premiered single cover art social media stated jocelyn_vena colorful piece pop art appear ing clear blue sky bright yellow hair neon pink holding big face song released digital download october officially impacted mainstream radio october composition baby don lie written serving song producers electropop reggae pop song begins announcing bass line hand song hip hop breakdown raps tell boy tell warm lyrically song discusses relationship questions man love time complimented song falling love got skeletons closet noted spin sounds shattered sings eyes eyes disguise disguise catchy chorus sings baby don baby don baby don lie don want cry longer baby don lie written key minor performed common time moderate tempo beats minute follows sequence chord progression voice spans octaves lowest note highest note critical reception baby don lie received generally mixed favorable reviews music critics commended song reggae flavour dismissed performance track sal_cinquemani wrote slant_magazine single doesn venture far band established template claiming finds reggae flavored beat catchy hook complete signature close sound doubt slept sixth album push noted song breakdown feels forced youthful breezy track wrote song dangerously catchy obvious radio smash listen time remarked capable hands baby don lie leave weaker impression vocal find way idolator noted lyrics like rihanna written diamonds save love angel music baby ready sung rap breakdown lee observed considering song subject matter bold faced collaborators course track record new song isn nearly expected simply called pretty broadly pop effort line doubt record push mixed song writing gwen ahead pop curve past albums baby don lie sees par currently charts wall_street_journal believed gwen doesn sound inspired disagreed noting song doesn infectious annoyance works solid rounded pop single praised signature sassy slightly reggae touched vocals according sells emotions song billboard noted song experimental misses signature bite rating stars chart performance baby don lie charted moderately north_america release track debuted number pop songs chart number chart respectively week ending november debuted peaked number billboard hot highest charting single entries canadian hot peaked number week ending december spent total weeks chart dropping chart week ending february europe track received moderate success belgium track peaked number charts peaking number finland number france number germany song peaked lower positions charts including number australia number italy number russia music video background storyline music video song directed worked numerous videos band doubt solo career october posted sneak scenes video released october day song release according rolling_stone video play wizard stars wildly yellow brick road army dancers mountains patterns like bold black white stripes plenty pink continued description commenting eye video dancers shown bright pink beats neck app jason billboard added video gwen yellow road showing array outfits dance troupe eventually ing jazz clip little beginning music video finds singer gray world end video scenes shown color reception video received mainly divided reviews critics disappointed commenting colorful video lacks innovation waiting visual spin stated frustrated video low resolution land colorful patterns shapes calling rejection aesthetic design confusing video suddenly changes scenery computer generated alley filled live action cars fuse noted video sassy like past visuals like wind praised video writing adding gwen signature quirky crazy computer effects favorable remarking video fits song strong reggae chaotic genre single negative claiming video lacks storyline complaining resolution named green screen affair poorly rendered graphics wrote idolator video geometric graphic animation new praised fun dance scene end breaks video track listing digital download baby don lie digital download remixes baby don lie baby don lie charts release history
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Baby Don't Lie
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Music
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Songs
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2014 songs
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15568_GiveMeYourEverything
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song recorded romanian vocalist second studio album titled unlocked single available digital download august written stan production handled music video song directed debuted stan youtube channel amassed million views clip shows stan chasing masked man dark landscape release video aroused controversy scene stan wearing white symbols inscribed particularly named clip bizarre video recording met good reviews music critics praised song caribbean groove stan hypnotic vocals comparing material featured rihanna girl like style song described urban tribal interview spain stan explained written present asian arabic fans song oriental style spiritual meaning background announced stan tour japan time years tour new track called unveiled end stan concert tokyo july scheduled released august fourth single unlocked asked track japanese label victor entertainment stan felt song oriental mood weaving african asian feel balkan sound particularly website review performance tokyo called silver wore bold describing song having violently dark melody recording composition song written stan production composed international songwriting camp romania organized held international singers present weeks event track mixed production recorded interview barcelona spain stan described song oriental lot spiritual meaning continued explain written present arabic asian fans song vibe according pop shock track mid tempo ballad lyrically stan tells unidentified boyfriend hard loves needs consists solely phrase don hard love come reception pop shock praised song saying didn expect stan choose genre track pop shock went saying track loving star exotic global proportions express noticed similarities rihanna works single reminds romanian pop actually sing compared pure charts labelled song tribal urban pointing sexual lyrics body temple praised song stan displays different style song middle eastern melodic flair song went saying stan vocals hypnotic noted stan afraid risks try new things direct lyrics compared material featured rihanna girl like music video release synopsis accompanying music video premiered august stan youtube channel amassed million views december directed production studio clip featured stan japanese dvd release collection video opens lost stan seeks refuge dark forest fog smoke sporting black holding violet flame hand guides encounters mysterious black clothed person face seen performing choreography fellow backup dancers steps white realm light subsequently mysterious person appears stan chases enters pitch black room following performs dance act mirrors stan shown wearing white walking jungle like setting encountering mysterious person video ends removing mask true identity scenes interspersed main video stan dancing black clothed background dancers analysis controversy praised music video exceptional naming bizarre video pointed use symbols displaying video stan wearing white pointing inscriptions screen symbols inscribed pyramid obvious moments video rest suggested compared man stan chasing demon black clothing went compare scene video beyoncé clip song grown woman felt clip different previous works felt video showed daring stan compared previous videos featuring dressed dancers incorporation religious cultural references direct lyrics cited like song visual dark vibe went saying clip definitely seat till end credits personnel credits adapted liner notes unlocked recording produced production romania recorded romania recorded romania personnel photography songwriting producing james songwriting songwriting lead vocals songwriting songwriting track listing digital download release history
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Give Me Your Everything
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Music
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Songs
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2014 songs
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16869_ImpossibleIsNothing(IggyAzaleasong)
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impossible song impossible song recorded australian rapper debut studio album new classic written invisible men arcade track contains french composer produced hip hop song features beat comprises percussion instrumentation raps track lyrics technique pertaining themes empowerment song released promotional single album march received mixed reviews music critics divided sincerity originality track lyrical content release song debuted lower regions singles chart chart background release impossible written arcade debut studio album new classic contains french composer song produced recreation produced recorded vocals london los_angeles mixing process completed assistance mix spot song title revealed august image album tentative track listing february announced song promotional single serve instant digital download itunes store pre order new classic release initially planned march slated date march instead canada song released separately pre order april composition impossible semi subdued hip hop song writes track haunting upbeat sound according mtv_news song takes vulnerable sound previous material track instrumentation includes keyboards drums electric guitar line backing synthesizers features beat produced tuned percussion instruments including causes eerie loop sound effects song string sound effects heard delivery technique lyrics impossible contains themes empowerment showcases ideas behavior blonde ambition lyrics welcome newcomers music industry hope point farther speak self empowerment shall let sweat promise want breath promise blaze path leave trail sell soul number check according brien lyrics portray girl feminist goddess urging georgia straight describes song bite sized impossible compared songs specifically album recovery critical reception impossible received mixed reviews music critics positive review national wrote tracks new classic stand pure complimented moody sound deemed highlight album commended heartfelt story writer rap described track empowering anthem praised track production called best song years wrote positively song beat inspirational lyrics writer praised sincerity lyrics power uplifting feels digital_spy emily noted power self self belief song felt track played substantive strengths nme opined showcased wit personality lyrical prowess similarly line best fit day felt track manifested rapper bundle charm lessons lectures applicable ambition sydney morning herald praised song unexpected complement inspirational lyrics melodies idolator reviewers divided deemed song piece inspirational rap wrote hinted storms goals like posters school guidance counselor office reviewers critical track lyrics spin said lays cliché self help shelf view echoed new_york dismissed inspirational quotes copied high school guidance counselor bulletin board wrote track bound favourite fans subject millions time better time commented originality comparison track thousand hours impossible await didn finish putting hours anthem impossible named worst songs popmatters criticized literally preaching youths relating called mess narrative added track clear picture picture new_york_times said song sort inspirational material felt showed promise song dismissed production recent albums credits personnel writer vocals invisible men writers producers drums programming keyboards writer arcade writers producers writer sample recreation keyboards tuned percussion sample recreation keyboards tuned percussion vocal engineering mixing mixing assistant credits adapted album liner notes charts
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Impossible Is Nothing (Iggy Azalea song)
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Music
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Songs
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2014 songs
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17604_BitchI'mMadonna
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bitch madonna bitch madonna song american singer madonna thirteenth studio album featuring guest vocals rapper artists wrote song produced madonna released single album june number remixes commissioned song lyrics speak having continuous fun madonna song divided music critics called energetic rap verse unusual composition criticized desperate shock endeavor united_states bitch madonna madonna song enter billboard hot years peaking number song 63rd madonna 57th hot entry placing positions list women entries chart reached number hot_dance_club_songs chart extending madonna lead artist number ones dance chart worldwide song reached thirty hungary digital charts finland sweden song accompanying video directed appearing alongside madonna video contains cameos cyrus beyoncé katy_perry kanye_west madonna sons david shot standard hotel new_york_city shows madonna entourage having party building ending rooftop release video streaming service tidal plagued technical difficulties met mixed response critics complimented clip panned absence guest stars set additionally comparisons ensued recently released music video singer single bad blood featured similar guest stars order promote song madonna performed bitch madonna appearance tonight starring jimmy received positively background development february madonna announced begun working thirteenth studio album saying right process talking writers producers talking want music month started posting number images social media website hinted possible songwriters collaborators months later madonna posted talked working madonna invited annual oscar party unable attend eventually started talking music texts decided collaborate album interview idolator explained madonna asked provide record album wrote recorded seven songs added madonna love artist gives producer confidence needs work open minded ideas records gon crazy sounding pushed envelope stuff tracks recorded confirmed titled bitch madonna believed push boundaries songwriting madonna explained phrase new introduced explained remain cool faced criticism madonna unique reference singer origin song idea traced rapper song pretty boy farmer presented lyrics look like madonna bitch farmer took idea madonna developed song addressed singer detractors spoke negatively longevity music industry adding record fuck bitch madonna insisted recruit rapper previously worked madonna songs album explained interview magazine song composition happened drinking night studio played madonna japanese melody drop liked madonna preferred start compositions guitar added guitar sounds melody progressed writing post madonna confirmed involvement track photo hard home gon night long madonna commented method working work sits song says tell song thinking talk writes words describing song sentiment like goes away works writes comes version talk forth gets right total collaboration release december billboard reported demo version bitch madonna leaked internet alongside demo recordings madonna untitled thirteenth studio album aggravated madonna clarified songs demo versions earlier recordings compared leak artistic rape subsequently criticized referring hack terrorism wake school attack sydney hostage crisis december album available pre order itunes store ordered tracks including bitch madonna available digital download madonna stated songs meant early christmas gift final release march following living love bitch madonna confirmed single madonna released remixes song youtube tidal accounts streaming cover art song released remixes created images majority house remixes bitch madonna produced posted message facebook account collaboration madonna calls exactly asks grateful opportunity remix consist dutch duo ray jim released exclusively billboard remixes released june australia germany day nations composition remixes bitch madonna written produced madonna british electronic musician music additional writers including demo audio engineer track audio mixing recording engineers worked track included big juice helping additional recording working additional mixing song time music generally underground music artists working mainstream artist like madonna recalled madonna calling final shots recording song noted label representative dictated process bitch madonna musical elements turn madonna vocals reminiscent singer rapping song tearing sound alongside electro composition begins sound acoustic guitar reminiscent single wake madonna background gon love quickly changes track track traditional song structure hook instead featuring harsh cuts synths madonna singing nasal tone raps track asking everybody hard home madonna shouts lyrics like wanna fun tonight wanna blow house tonight alternating pitch shifted think sing title usage word bitch song song bitch rebel heart madonna defended decision billboard saying think word police fuck don want interested political word bitch means lot different things context moved england heard word horrified people calling realized culture different said right best mate word fuck doesn mean sexual intercourse mean stupid fuck going fuck fuck sex expressions goes bitch bitch owning saying strong tough don mess bitch means madonna rush release songs hack leaks clarified released version album final mixing track later posted intended cut account house remixes bitch madonna released dub versions song long drawn beat section minimal vocals madonna noted idolator remix completely different sound house mixes believed cheap sounding comparison original according remix song hard hitting beats energetic version catering dance floors grand remix song use effects present album version created electro house track metallic sounds critical reception song received divided opinion music critics chicago reader gave positive review track complimenting bringing underground music mainstream adding slippery song provocative piece work shift superstars coming happens madonna carried positive review came daily_telegraph elaborated track question bright energy rave anthem powered synth line sounds like vintage arcade game played electronic topped rap madonna delivers melody like playground nursery rhyme chanting bad behavior butter wouldn melt sing song voice spin observed surprising thing song actually called bitch madonna doesn surprises contrast publication enjoyed track claiming favorite madonna far compelling anonymous played praised addition music block dropping beats rolling_stone positive calling praised verse pure fire appreciated song right kind track fun impossible seriously vein independent called praised ing role rapping spite noting makes madonna sound fun song nme commented song composition showed gulf madonna life music impossible ignore calling alexis_petridis guardian claimed bitch madonna fantastic title search song lieu producer comes kind hybrid happy hardcore throws mix result genuinely sets teeth edge criticizing rebel heart sal_cinquemani slant_magazine found title inclusion party jams like catchy lyrically inducing bitch madonna musicomh remarked song lives fantastic title sounds bit mess trying produced dance hall rhythms breakdown seemingly guest rap popmatters opined song rebel heart track absolutely desperation wanting badly shock listeners fail resolve satisfying songs foremost year end ranking best songs entertainment_weekly listed bitch madonna number saying hard home gon night long madonna standout love music hooks humor attitude days chart performance united_states bitch madonna debuted chart dated january number sales copies song started fluctuating chart exited weeks following appearance tonight starring jimmy april sales copies making song enter chart number song started downward trajectory chart june music video released sales week increased copies enabling song reach peak number chart madonna second single following living love song debuted number hot_dance_club_songs chart reached peak number record extending 46th total fifth number bitch madonna debuted billboard hot chart week july number entry chart entry aided gain streaming activity track total million streams week ending june track 63rd madonna 57th hot entry placing positions list women entries chart following week song fell places hot landing number final appearance united_kingdom music week reported following release music video sales surge bitch madonna sold copies copies previous week able chart positions singles chart france song debuted number french singles chart week december following advanced release album tracks pre order itunes later fell number dropping chart song entered number music video released fell number following week spain song debuted advanced release reaching number music video background announcing bitch madonna single madonna confirmed release music video song teased post saying video surprise guests number people tagged post including singers beyoncé katy_perry personnel tagged included costume designer hair stylist fashion designer comparisons ensued recently released music video singer single bad blood featured similar guest stars madonna released images set previously showing pink hair provocative clothing preview came lips lead singer visited set uploaded short video shooting filming took place floors new_york_city directed explained landed project follows madonna called hadn worked different circumstances heard songs rebel heart excited connected creatively yeah enjoyed working supposed start right got pushed asked bitch madonna saw completely different little bit fun crazy team short time different aspects shoot including sequence night complete shooting casual nature song decided invite madonna close friends family contrary normal shooting schedules team work fast sun came portraying party night following choreography person set cues position come shooting number designers contributed clothing singer wear including shoes according contemporary fashion trends appeared video including candy colored hairs black lips white bows eye makeup release video confirmed released june madonna released teaser showed aftermath party song played slowly background release day poster uploaded madonna confirmed aforementioned personnel singer beyoncé appear billboard compared poster uploaded release bad blood believed likely project works aware taylor plans video arrive june instead second teaser released showing madonna jeans shorts high heels multi colored graphics ultimately premiered day tidal scenes clip exclusive release streaming site hours following released madonna vevo page list guest appearances video included beyoncé perry cyrus rapper kanye_west actor comedian designer model madonna sons david video faced problems tidal error messages freezing resulting company releasing apology twitter apologize fans excited watch video working fix running soon synopsis video begins young girls outfits inspired madonna iconic like virgin performance mtv_video_music_awards opening lines song madonna shown exercising alongside wearing animal print dress pink motorcycle jacket finishes comes colorful hallway drinks water kisses man walks corridor crossing point chorus starts scene cuts japanese dancers making choreographed moves inside bar madonna joins rock appears phrase bitch madonna second verse starts madonna crawling hallway getting balloons meeting finally camera away reveal number neon glow song second chorus madonna dancers hallway bar singer makes drink dry dancer continues dancing guest appearances start cyrus pointing middle finger camera wearing eyes followed bar beyoncé posing like madonna music video vogue perry moving song david dancing madonna cheer mouth song appear onscreen chorus ends dancer brings video screen appears rapping interspersed shots west cheering madonna dancers continue moving room falling reach dance pole climbs set lit stairs reaches rooftop party taking place song end madonna shown surrounded dancers lies interspersed scenes dancing room wearing cap hebrew word written video ends far away shot brightly lit rooftop party continues alternate ending present scenes video showing exhausted madonna leaving party male model aftermath scenes party released teaser trailer parting shot showed madonna running room posing windows overlooking new_york scenes included madonna rock takes sitting neon multiple times singing song little girls beginning video video set remix featured footage madonna dancing casual scenes featuring guest stars reception analysis billboard wrote article video important release madonna felt era received promotion previous era commercial returns diminishing singles living love failed chart billboard hot making madonna album hot single bitch madonna debuted number video madonna attempt bring audience era magazine called video embarrassment star power adding middle fingers madonna kissing women break dancing singing fashion spin believed ambition clip comparable madonna music videos hung living love donnell entertainment_weekly said madonna announces new video global event different bitch madonna called video years impressed video felt madonna guest appearances mtv_news observed video completely different released swift described action packed different way portraying party rolling_stone declared release bitch madonna age blockbuster star music videos time los_angeles_times noted madonna able successfully bring music industry peers video vh1 criticized fact female singers apart including actually present set shooting video parts filmed separately added pretty hilarious clip called bitch madonna couldn youths writing life style magazine disappointed clip calling lackluster short cameo appearances called video sad questioned inclusion guest stars like swift video ultimately describing affair absolutely pointless worst desperate best dumb video fascinating mix impressive sad aggressively relevant wholly irrelevant time ended review compliment single video shot comparing black comedy film spoke problems release tidal saying embarrassment social media fail new low water mark madonna tidal weeks began operating criticized madonna team able release video smoothly noting negative feedback given video included madonna age sexually charged performances need shock guardian considered cameos slick appearing flat detached time magazine listed music video number ranking pop music videos describing nuts bass drop live performances madonna performed bitch madonna appearance tonight starring jimmy april adorned black jacket covered gold dollar symbols number gold chains neck performance began madonna backstage finishing touches entered dressing room having party surrounded women madonna dance routine hallway son appeared chorus singer troupe moved studio area audience present energetic dancing continued madonna member audience point photos projected video screens console madonna climbed atop desk sing chorus line performance ended energetic dance routine idolator gave positive review performance saying instead usual bit singing living love current single entertainer decided switch things bit glad wild super fun version bitch madonna listed performance shocking moments madonna amazed madonna performance saying fact dance like practically feat surprised enjoyed performance wrote similar review describing performance insane television performances entire rebel heart era basic stage performance instead madonna brought noisy utterly life rebel heart tour song second performance set list segment section inspired rebel heart album cover art joan arc costume designer created series costumes referencing contemporary exhibition armor theatrical performance opening number iconic concluded madonna joined onstage female dancers wearing inspired costumes started performing song holding japanese war fans appeared backdrops rapping verses aided bass sounds track listings formats digital download album version bitch madonna featuring digital download clean madonna featuring digital download remixes bitch madonna grand remix bitch madonna bitch madonna bitch madonna bitch madonna oscar dub bitch madonna bitch madonna bitch madonna remix bitch madonna oscar bitch beats bitch madonna credits personnel inc behalf like turtles music songs lion god publishing april behalf songs universal inc bmi behalf bmi appears courtesy adapted madonna official website charts certifications release history
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Bitch I'm Madonna
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Music
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Songs
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2014 songs
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18271_Dance(AlexandraStansong)
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dance song dance song recorded romanian recording artist sophomore studio album unlocked track available digital download july album single dance written stan production handled music video song directed debuted stan youtube channel july amassed seven million views clip shot days romania sees stan backup dancers performing choreographed dances choreographed romanian performer recording met good reviews praised song catchy stan providing honey rich vocals interview explained dance sexy club song club image track performed stan song success japan ranked number japan hot composition dance recorded romania song dance track incorporating house music influences sound track opens acoustic guitar chords followed pop refrain consists saxophone drop backed cut dance ends lyrics song backed acoustic guitar lyrically track speaks art dancing features references friendship romance pointed opening lyrics song beginning rebellious turning positive optimistic compared instrumentation dance die young critical response compared dance stan song song catchy melody went praising stan honey rich voice verses don dance dance dance fall love friends let start new romance furthermore said track deserves charts concerning music video dance praised brilliant job directing clip dancers stan video exceptionally went saying stan looks beautiful video gave music video song rating express writer described track inspired euro dance number song quality saying club better material direct lyrics praised dance having summer flavour upcoming hot season confessed like track better predecessor cherry pop los cited video dance stan best clips track listings credits personnel credits adapted liner notes charts release history
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Dance (Alexandra Stan song)
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Music
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Songs
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2014 songs
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18528_Mr.Mr.(song)
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song korean song recorded south korean girl group girls generation fourth korean titular extended play song released february single song composed american production team previously worked western artists including britney_spears beyoncé justin_timberlake music video song initially planned released february postponed february accidental original files described electropop pop song incorporates hip hop beat influenced song received generally positive reviews music critics praised musical styles deemed departure group signature bubblegum pop sound single ranked number billboard magazine list included time list best songs far june promote song girls generation appeared music programs including music core february march single commercial success group native country south_korea peaking atop selling digital units charted number hot number background composition composed american production team bell korean lyrics written lyrics girls generation years previously worked western artists including britney_spears beyoncé justin_timberlake song released south korean radio station february single japanese version included group japanese greatest hits album best musically described billboard magazine electropop pop song editor characterized electropop dance song featuring elements writing allmusic noted mixed hip hop beat inspired composition lyrically theme lyrics prompting reluctant man courageous girls departure group familiar themes promotion music video initially planned released february conjunction release release date postponed february accidental original shots necessitated filming affected scenes result group comeback performances south korean music programs delayed weeks music video choreographed previously collaborated artists including janet_jackson members won tells story man diagnosed heart disease confess girl likes decides undergo surgery handled group members act doctors group member argued new music video concept encouraging confidence men lost courage visual received positive reviews media outlets fuse labelled cinematic praised sophisticated class hailed video hottest episode grey anatomy second watched pop music video half trailing music video promote girls generation appearances south korean music programs february march performed song time countdown march comeback stage following days group appeared performed music core performed wait minute critical reception received generally positive reviews music critics billboard magazine hailed single super strong super sweet labelled welcome change compared group previous stupid catchy releases named 18th best pop song list allmusic reviewer said track helped expand girls generation musical reach mtv_news commented single musical styles similar boys usual styles labelled hybrid throwback bodied time magazine included publication list best songs far june wrote fans won disappointed latest dance friendly single added addition electronic bass line hint darkness attract listeners signature bubblegum pop sound commercial performance peaked atop tenth week 46th best selling song south_korea selling digital units overall 54th best performing song based additional streaming instrumental track downloads charted number hot number credits credits adapted liner notes charts release history
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Mr.Mr. (song)
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Music
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Songs
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2014 songs
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18542_Vida(RickyMartinsong)
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song english life song recorded puerto rican singer love rhythm world cup official album written martin produced song chosen musical contest organized king won subsequently arranged martin record track digitally released second single compilation album april latin pop song features guitar percussion horn exotic sounds caribbean feel song received generally positive reviews music critics praised track noted consistency songs performed martin peaked number hot latin songs martin 23rd single chart accompanying music video directed nova films shot rio_de_janeiro features martin singing dancing beach accompanied people martin performed song occasions including season eighteen dancing stars series production release december launched worldwide music contest inviting aspiring musicians football fans submit original song proposals organizers received compositions musicians fans originating countries february announced king track won contest chosen martin judging panel public vote song written king additional writing spanish portuguese version song produced production subsequently song set recorded martin included love rhythm world cup official album singer previously recorded sang cup life served official song world cup following announcement king traveled miami worked martin finish track recorded song miami life new_york_city provided vocal engineering editing served additional vocal producer mixed served mastering engineers martin king sang background vocals played guitar provided played horn responsible percussion version song released second official single love rhythm world cup official album april digitally launched austria germany switzerland united_kingdom united_states extended play consisting spanish portuguese versions remix released france italy additionally released united_kingdom united_states countries date apart material spanish extended play release contains extended club remix june remix released worldwide including austria germany spain united_kingdom united_states remix song launched july controversy april announced think famous productions fraud sony competition lawsuit claimed competition rigged king wrote going win cheating chance winning competition contest open applicants worldwide king contractual agreement sony apparently asked king enter song sony allegedly pressured release king contract eligible win return compensation lawsuit sony induced king release publishing contract refused pay compensation attorney told huffington_post looking release fraud committed rights songs returned client particularly song sang martin comment lawsuit additionally finalist season filled million lawsuit martin sued singer releasing despite claims submitted version track contest version recognized lawyer released statement saying surprised disillusioned suffered mental song identical composed moment martin idol martin representative commented lawsuit composition latin pop song lasts minutes seconds features guitar percussion guitar exotic sounds caribbean feel huffington_post described song upbeat energetic lyrically single ability football tournament bring people different parts world celebrate enjoy good life reception critical renowned sound gave song half stars wrote track expect single global sports event stated song groundbreaking lively track people bound away concluded better serves official song tournament website idolator wrote said consistency sure knows knock smash generic lyrics probably sound pretty inspiring couple received nomination song held august commercial following martin performance song entered number latin digital songs chart selling copies week subsequently single debuted number hot latin songs martin 23rd single chart peaked number chart successful latin pop songs chart peaked number debuted number fourth week single reached peak number additionally peaked number dominican_republic number mexico pop charts successful australia south_korea peaked number respectively music video music video filmed rio_de_janeiro directed nova films according lyrics emotion reflected video inspire celebration life way pure simple sun coming energy said visual life differences celebrated appreciated easily happiness claimed reason martin wanted natural differ choreography big sets directed scenes martin commented shooting process incredible feeling opportunity participate global initiative like excited finally able sing share special song world april martin released teaser video official social networks video premiered vevo channel youtube day features singer shorts tank sings beaches rio_de_janeiro video contains extras including kids dancers models intended represent diversity brazilian nation idolator praised video writing martin looks great mentioned brazilian scenery pretty awesome live performances martin performed time chinese music awards april sang single come performed song april billboard latin music awards writer billboard described vibrant colorful performance april singer performed season eighteen episode american dance competition dancing stars accompanied pro dancers martin performed single ellen degeneres days later performed song queen performed song billboard music awards november martin performance opening ceremony 22nd central american caribbean games formats track listing credits personnel recording recorded instrument zoo hit factory criteria miami new_york_city sydney mixed instrument zoo personnel credits adapted liner notes love rhythm world cup official album rca_records charts release history
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Vida (Ricky Martin song)
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Music
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Songs
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2014 songs
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20706_WestCoast(song)
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west_coast song west_coast song recorded american singer songwriter studio album written melancholy love song depicts woman torn love ambition serving dedication west_coast psychedelic rock desert rock surf rock ballad west_coast noted evolution guitar sound produced black keys described song shifting tempo transitions downward nearly beats minute chorus shift reminiscent beatles work introduced guitar begins beatles love song vocal comprises sensual tone previous discography sung anxious style released lead single album april west_coast received positive reviews music critics commended unconventional composition vocal delivery news media sources went list best songs including nme spin west_coast debuted number billboard hot making highest debut second highest charting single career single enter rock airplay chart reached number song marked eighth hit singles chart peaked number accompanying black white music video directed released shot california venice los_angeles uses minimalist melancholy approach depict torn love interests portrayed hollywood tattoo artist clip received critics nominated best cinematography promoted west_coast live performances valley music arts festival festival song covered background west_coast written frequent collaborator california composing lyrics melody chords november traveled new_york_city occupied weeks produced track guitar later hiring session drummer come produced initial recording west_coast classic rock inspired song developed track dedication west_coast intention psychological resulted track distant verse chorus form felt song slow shifting tempo important reflected mental state writing initially completed studio album december time dissatisfied demo recorded west_coast met black keys chance night queens new_york realized needed record track incorporate production techniques night explained interest develop song containing jazz west_coast fusion influenced eagles 1970s revival subsequently traveled nashville tennessee record west_coast tracks parent album week session studio invited add casual california vibe song recording single takes blues like microphone according recording west_coast sung live room adjacent seven piece band recording track instrumentation produced song electric guitar string acoustic guitar synthesizer instrumentation credited bassist drummer west_coast track strings recorded separately main recording studio california called bridge opined track demo sounded different reproduction played west_coast record label records dissatisfied chorus slower beats minute verses responded stating songs good radio slowing interview guardian explained felt life song writing feeling influenced sound disconnected mainstream pop composition psychedelic rock soft rock surf rock ballad west_coast contains elements reggae indie rock latin rock 1960s music 1980s drive time swing track subversive sound result comprising instrumentation laid groove similar classics opening riff sound reminiscent continued rest song described track shifting tempo downward chorus mark following shift reminiscent beatles work guitar singer previous output based minimal country tinged surf guitar drum instrumentation track slower second section opens descending blues riff reminiscent beatles love production switches half layered choral symphony neo noir motif chorus bass percussion instrumentation end track duration stray burst funk synth incorporating ease vocal delivery eased vocal delivery hook baby baby baby baby chorus shift style recalls edge seventeen uses tone song voice layered track production means addition vocals use sensual sinister tone previous discography sung anxious style octave sings track backing vocals contribute song ethereal feel distant observed voice song delivery verses sings sweeping cinematic style chorus west_coast noted cross works bands highlighted track formula born die paradise evolution sound entirety guardian described stepping slowly melodrama born die publication said song hip hop born die previous tracks takes sound recalling turtles showed west_coast set simple time signature moderately fast tempo beats minute verses slow tempo beats minute chorus composed key minor vocals spanning range track basic chord progression verse chorus melancholy love song lyrics depict woman torn love ambition west_coast serves dedication california hometown imagery titular location song sings leaving lover promise fame emphasizes gulf romance dysfunctional relationship similarly previous works lyrics specific vague complement track west_coast sets form content love song sound reminiscent breakup song noted lyrics depict vivid picture teenage summer memories forgotten romance comparing track lyrical content superstar analyzed born die era displayed notice producer energy west coast sounds like struggling business feeling way casting couch sessions hoping big break horizon release west_coast served lead single song title announced singer april facebook twitter april posted track single art twitter lyric west_coast got promotional billboard los_angeles day heavily yellow artwork makes use filter camera lens features soft makeup standing coastline crashing waves facial expression cover depicted subtle eyes staring straight camera sports beach inspired look wave like hair style jacket white shirt critics speculated artwork hinted sound west_coast continue laid style born die west_coast premiered bbc_radio_1 april track audio uploaded singer vevo page later day song contemporary hit radio italy april later released digital download canada united_states april international territories day later digital release west_coast slated united_kingdom germany song impacted modern rock radio united_states june remix produced blue jeans premiered vice shorter mix featured stronger emphasis vocals designated radio edit song new version significantly lighter sound original incorporates elements caribbean tropical music remixes commissioned release west_coast including remixes young professionals critical reception west_coast received critical acclaim contemporary music critics commented haunting hypnotic piece music sends entire skeleton especially tempo shifts downward chorus writer deemed track silky smooth total ear candy lauded song slice retro heaven track noted stern revolutionary sense sounded entirely different offered pop music moment deemed radio named west_coast album accomplished track song gets formula right deemed track best works best singles released publication went songs descriptions artists expectation tend stick long pop hits divas suck obscurity journalist commented denying song excellent pulling power especially like mysterious named west_coast favorite songs date highlighting influence benefited review went voice plays actually feels passionate song opposed typical bored thing publication named stand guardian called finest pop songs years publication wrote engaging west_coast improves hearing clever track rich detail rhythm class drowned sound said west_coast developed song video games new found commended key changes sway tension song opined track expanded dimensions sound distinctive hits boston_globe writer commented opens chorus rush rolling_stone called track striking departure sound said groove transformed glorious moments review clash said context album west_coast took greater significance serving record leaving better impression consequence sound described song gem sort thing rings beautifully old car windows hot summer evenings vice called track golden state best anthems recognition west_coast listed best songs news media sources village_voice critics year end list west_coast ranked number cosmopolitan placed west_coast number list staff placed west_coast number list best songs writing release music finally complexity intensity persona glorious idolator ranked song number list best pop singles website stated album sounded like described song soundtrack endless summers come single named best songs nme number consequence sound number number spin ranked track number list best songs deeming hit huffington_post placed west_coast number list calling dark win song summer title deserved commercial performance despite heavily promoted radio united_states time west_coast debuted number billboard hot week ending marked highest debut second highest charting single chart sadness peaked number september single chart points opening week attributed digital sales copies remaining attributed million streams west_coast consequently debuted number number digital songs charts respectively song fell billboard hot second week entered chart number july following release west_coast single chart rock airplay chart peaked number spent total weeks chart canada west_coast number canadian hot issued marked second highest peaking single country sadness peaked number oceania west_coast entered australian_singles_chart peak number spent weeks chart total song debuted number new_zealand_singles_chart single chart new_zealand sadness young beautiful west_coast entered number week ending april consequently seventh hit france spent weeks chart total west_coast peaked number charting total weeks marking singer fourth hit germany ireland west_coast number irish_singles_chart issued april fifth hit country spending weeks chart total west_coast initially placed number singles chart later debuted number chart issued june week sales copies following release united_kingdom west_coast rebounded number sales units song eighth hit country went accumulate total weeks chart west_coast peaked greece israel hungary italy scotland spain switzerland music video development release accompanying music video west_coast directed shot california venice los_angeles early april aside clip features hollywood tattoo artist plays singer love interest clip chorus segment american model plays role scene described lover video interview clash singer mentioned like record music video atmospheric catch directional vibe pointed hard tell going attained inspiration clip baker documentary let lost love red dress effect singer wanted video mood driven final scene black white imagery color dream scene images music video emerged online april audio release west_coast april accompanied looped black white snippet music video singer embracing leather jacket clad man beach april following single debut billboard hot announced video premiere days later released teaser visual footage featured shots obtained audio loop smoking lighting cigarette billboards incomplete prematurely uploaded unfinished version clip promptly removing finished version day later digitally released itunes store music video drawn million views youtube synopsis black white music video noted predominantly dark brooding mysterious sun imagery portrays distinguished personality minimalist melancholy approach features artistic shots california scenery cameo appearances men portrayed bad boy engages 1960s numerous actions sings eyes closed music video writer described clip yang youthful hope kind hollywood lives attracting cynical industry kind hollywood hides video begins rolling waves shots palm tree lined roads pictured scene clip appears function small romantic gestures reminiscent fashion magazine advertisement singer pictured visually different love affairs shown younger long haired blond leather clad man beach pacific_ocean waves mark song visuals simultaneously switch singer pictured diamond jewelry sitting alongside mature type man wears sunglasses barrels forward slow motion love interest segment recalls age sexual relationships producer scene depicted smoking seat car depicts persona segments pair passing clip returns scene younger love interest beach aforementioned segments intercut scenes appear shot low quality plot twist occurs clip ending use fire imagery gently hair shoulders middle superimposed flames singer sports red dress sunset boulevard styled scene sings love continuously flames music video fades final scene noted symbolize song lyric fire sands love analysis reception music video west_coast noted share similarities previous black white old school imagery recall video blue jeans introduction national anthem home recorded footage scenes technique previously video games sadness hand close ups recall national anthem love interests clip previously appeared role born die shares appearance similarities love interest ride characteristic cat eye actions highlighted speculation arose mature love interest visual inspired old man character sung races fiancé james clip garnered comparisons dark comedy film weekend clip music video wicked game visual received music critics nominated best cinematography lost beyoncé music video pretty hurts called clip mysterious celebration things california opining music video billboard journalist commented burn past head west coast search stardom respects view echoed deemed west_coast del video noted contained glamorous smoking seen said clip contained elements perfect video cigarettes tragic hollywood bradley went write west_coast contained melancholy sadness run moody money rolling_stone writer felt clip evoked style old fashioned hollywood film noir hitfix felt visual time told tale hollywood realized play double rings twice fashion writing slant_magazine said music video mirrored song lyrics understated usual standards darwin opined clip recalled short film deemed total cinematic gem gorgeous retro glamour modern independence visual lauded complex writer called stunning cinematic beautiful video glamour deemed summer perfect described clip slightly bizarre dramatic trip time space said noir influences matched track adding old school meets new school feel continued musical persona crafted view shared smith wrote pretty marries continuing play female sexuality hollywood stereotypes insistence creation commended video black white photography flame imagery opined west_coast compared opined perfectly vintage california rich kid look video described clip old hollywood flair singer embraced previous visuals mixed review called visual classic kind sad romantic black white felt confusing brand meticulous homage particular nelson wrote clip failed enhance song understated music live performances previewed verse west_coast live performance las_vegas april premiered song live performance valley music arts festival april performed song natural backdrop palm trees rendition descended stage kiss audience members performance resulted mentioned artist twitter festival weekend according billboard song reception largely contributed debut number billboard hot vh1 said rendition met rave reviews crowd ate commented del performance strong proved new single sounded like winner played live time april performed track theatre phoenix arizona according rendition received great reception called sultry majesty west_coast featured set list worldwide concert tour tour stop nashville performance track viewed nashville scene fitting rendition hinted good things possibly come forthcoming album performance track date boston viewed reed loose sun kissed california lifestyle song evokes rendition west_coast date georgia deemed sensual declaration chicago_tribune performance song toronto criticized wrote lacked control weakness movements limited hand gestures soft hip couldn mask singer delivery performed west_coast wearing eye makeup tie debut set list festival june rendition accompanied visuals song music video backdrop described performance commended guitars perfect epic drums said rendition suitably dramatic date promotional tour july flag ireland performance west_coast sang west_coast austin city limits music festival october track later reprised date gig hollywood forever cemetery beginning october cover versions irish singer performed high pitched rendition track triple june remixed rendition track released american singer july version incorporated production elements trap british band covered west_coast session september formats track listings credits personnel recording locations recorded easy eye sound nashville recorded bridge california personnel del songwriter vocals background vocals electric guitar production string acoustic guitar synthesizer engineering bass guitar drums songwriter drums credits personnel adapted album liner notes charts release history
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West Coast (song)
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Music
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Songs
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2014 songs
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21904_Wallace(song)
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wallace song wallace song recorded american rapper debut studio album broke expensive taste song written banks production song provided lyrically track describes man head depicts banks killing musically song hardcore hip hop origins wallace received positive reviews critics deeming album highlight banks released music video wallace directed video wallace received critical acclaim reviewers interactive provided release google cloud platform banks performed song festival broke background wallace hip hop song lasts duration minute seconds influences pounding beat spin described song banks float ing rapid fire corner december banks released series videos broke tracks broke revealed song came dubbed days commentary video wallace banks revealed received instrumental song according banks instrumental unused period time decided needed original material album point wrote song interview stated song hot high january banks signed record deal work new music month later announced title album broke year later handed complete version broke expensive taste labels banks initially thought receive favorable reception representatives told banks recorded hit single album ultimately banks ended record deal july later approached signed contract company banks premiered wallace tour glasgow scotland september eventually released album november critical reception track met generally positive reviews music critics according neon tommy coral song gives unique perspective relationships rarely heard state wrote song sounds like rapping throwing furniture stairs new york post noted insulting nature song leave rest like complex placed wallace 13th list best rap verses commenting lot people missed impressive verse song promotion june banks shot music video wallace green screen new_york directed previously directed video banks single june banks uploaded clips shooting account year later second teaser wallace uploaded channel video released march banks official website video produced firm collins google cloud platform development interactive video banks blank background maneuvers arms screen banks positioning changes certain reactions place including banks smiling rotating banks talked collaboration google stating huge fan technology creative new ways interacting engaging fans collaboration perfect music video received acclaim music critics rolling_stone called video commenting inventive album broke expensive taste billboard provided favorable review video commenting seen like according typical music video technology image video like looking mirror entertainment_weekly wrote word describe video july paper ranked music video wallace videos amidst controversy concerning mtv_video_music_awards guardian claimed process truly based quality banks video wallace nominated april banks performed wallace set festival rap commented audience energy consistently high performance gave positive review banks performance writing banks pretty impressive live vocals performance song personnel credits adapted broke liner notes songwriting vocals songwriting songwriting production songwriting production
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Wallace (song)
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Music
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Songs
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2014 songs
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23030_Photograph(EdSheeransong)
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photograph song photograph song recorded english singer songwriter second studio album wrote song member piano loop composition developed recording versions producers eventually help collaboration generated version enhanced months ballad derives music primarily acoustic guitar piano programmed drums visually descriptive lyrics discusses long distance relationship inspired experience away girlfriend tour song received generally positive commentary critics noted lyrics use imagery photograph served fifth final single album reached main singles charts countries peaked photograph single album reached reached certified platinum sales units single certified double platinum australia canada platinum new_zealand italy single release followed premiere music video video montage real home footage infancy childhood providing insight private early life playing music instruments fondness video nominated brit awards performed song television shows tour ran june revealed sued songwriters writers single amazing million copyright infringement background composition wrote photograph background vocalist british band toured band provided opening performances select north american dates note piano loop basis photograph song development began hotel room kansas_city loving hurt loving hurt loop playing recalled started beat developed ideas song building working hours picked guitar began properly composition according ended composing song half hour realized listening song following day decided recording completed writing song denver colorado credited photograph record properly completed second studio album according probably recorded versions song varied live piano accompaniment aside earlier versions recordings songwriter producer produced debut album producer involved tracks follow album thought versions fit eventually help producer particular collaboration generated version continued enhance months credited album liner notes additional production january recalled backstory photograph vh1 music lyrics inspiration acoustic pop ballad photograph derives music acoustic guitar piano strings organ electric bass guitar programmed drums melody builds guitar piano keys drums strings organ etc follow tempo beats minute originally published key major photograph features chord progression common popular music lyrics song chronicle long distance relationship contains detailed imagery protagonist remembering girlfriend kissing 6th street keeping picture pocket ripped jeans lyrics inspired experience long distance relationship dated scottish singer songwriter year relationship spent months away months concert tour months tour release february played demo version photograph german radio station performance recorded film audio play prior song release album favoured song best album claimed think photograph change kind career path asserted photograph serve song sell album rest tracks prove appealing song released instant digital download itunes store june served final seven promotional singles second studio album april twitter account announced photograph single released hot adult contemporary format following day contemporary hit radio june photograph released german market format home track featured american television sitcom town photograph served fifth single released album singles preceded upbeat songs lead single sing photograph second mellow track released thinking loud single blue eyed soul record produced according label wanted thinking loud single release favoured photograph big song photograph supposed main single thinking loud spent weeks singles chart albeit radio rotation song kept single critical reception album release critical response photograph generally positive track track review billboard magazine suggested line loving hurt thing know photograph line album boston_globe sentiment called song haunting felt time described use detail powerful imagery lyrics smart cox opined brought song life daily telegraph deemed track soulful felt showcased slip smoothly gears album described singing restrained hesitant acoustic guitar arena drums kick vibe picked photograph album noted song brooding arrangement emotional roller coaster observer called photograph swelling ballad suggested writing particularly calculated review musicomh felt photograph calculated bit cynical written specifically soundtrack particularly emotional scene television series analysis lyrical content album expressed self awareness extends rest album photograph instance wrote review song scheme photograph doesn line lyrically noted album songs explored feelings lover cheating little bit excess life said simply photograph beautiful songs involvement song noted critics independent wrote didn know snow patrol produced ballad photograph clichés hurt heal tell drowned sound remarked photograph written produced member surprise given follows script moves herald felt photograph commercial performance photograph rest album tracks entered singles chart high streaming rates single debuted number chart week ending july months prior single release peaked number spent weeks chart week ending november september british_phonographic_industry certified single platinum sales units single reached number billboard hot marked album photograph ninth male solo artist spawn hits single album excluding deluxe editions specific formats mainstream single reached week ending august gave album achieved threshold july recording_industry_association_of_america certified single gold sales units single reached austria canada germany ireland slovakia south_africa april commercial streaming company released report streamed tracks worldwide category sleep photograph placed number joined songs ranked sleep company popular categories according people use general help guardian columnist suggested report indication popular slightly mellow songs sleep list carefully journey lawsuit june revealed sued songwriters writers single amazing million copyright infringement lawsuit says given striking similarity chorus amazing photograph defendants knew writing publishing recording releasing distributing photograph pre existing musical composition music video accompanying music video photograph released video montage real home footage sourced clips father compiling dvds family christmas present initially intended clips inclusion documentary produced time looking collection thought work music video admitted attend actual video shoot opted montage previously worked promotional music videos directed photograph editor worked father central london according johnson spent weekend gathering clips montage montage chronicles infancy childhood 1990s 2000s features playing music instruments including piano cello bass guitar acoustic drums suggesting musically inclined young age shown displaying skill irish frame drum footage depicts teen ireland clip final shown performing crowd festival rolling_stone noted clips revealed lifelong obsession object referenced single according media form utilized montage contradicted song title stated video reminiscent montage documentary film man 1990s rock icon according private life artists youth revealed real home videos live performances usage media photograph performed television prior commercial release december appeared factor gave televised performance song performance contributed song ascent inside singles chart performed song television shows tonight starring jimmy canada global citizen festival song setlist tour concert tour ran english singer covered song song free charge video campaign launched march according telegraph video highlighted issue child sexual exploitation non metropolitan county england song trailer soundtrack movie recordings song recorded debut studio album beloved released critic says acoustic rendition shows falsetto shining writes incredible cover song track meant convey temporal nature mortal relationships compared god son jesus christ formats track listings single photograph home digital download remixes photograph remix photograph credits personnel vocals writer acoustic guitar writer producer piano keys electric bass additional producer drum programming engineering electric guitar drum programming mixing engineering string arrangement mastering credits adapted album liner notes charts certifications radio release history
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Photograph (Ed Sheeran song)
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Music
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Songs
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2014 songs
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23361_RunawayDaydreamer
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song english recording artist fifth studio album song released march second single album composed additional writing chamber pop track features percussion string instruments lyrics written way nursery rhymes self discovery received positive reviews music critics praised vocals sound denoted highlight song promoted music video directed largely shows lounge room walking abandoned pier performed programmes including itv peaked number indie chart song featured regular version composition reception rest written producer recorded state studios mixed engineered mastered chamber pop track includes string arrangements percussion time compared movie soundtrack allmusic stephen_thomas_erlewine described track girl group homage popmatters opined song stars set soaring atmosphere according sheet music published song contains beats minute introduction follows chord progression transitions verse section notes followed track composed traditional verse chorus form vocals song incorporate technique span song lyrics discuss constructed way nursery rhymes chorus sings imagination running away girl got little secret escape imagination running away don worry baby stay highlighted tie bed sheets slide house gone morning comes lyrics artistic freedom reviewing song loud quiet wrote sees protagonist pull road self discovery song concludes short repeats line don worry baby stay twice behalf opined standout describing vocals gorgeous echoed view praising vocal performance highlighting despite observing musically adventurous writing digital spy robert_copsey billed song beautiful highlighted song standout commenting album best slightly citing song example wrote song explores danger zones called release promotion promotional single including radio edit length minutes seconds sent radio stations march song released united_kingdom march music video directed released march filmed taping video young blood previous single lip song lyrics inside lounge room wearing white lace dress hair gathered seen walking abandoned pier dining restaurant posing small white house visual aspect ratio changed ranging performed song acoustic setting morning programme aired january german channel march year sang itv song charted number track listing promotional single details adapted credits single runaway radio edit credits personnel credits adapted liner notes lead vocals songwriting songwriting production background vocals samples synth keyboards piano violin engineering mixing mastering weekly charts release history
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Runaway Daydreamer
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Music
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Songs
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2014 songs
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24158_ShadesofCool
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shades cool shades cool song american singer songwriter taken studio album written produced song released second single lyrically single talks man shades cool received general acclaim music critics praised musical style opined track appropriate james_bond film commercially single peaking number billboard hot entered record charts including belgium france italy spain music video shades cool directed described film noir visual composition shades cool written produced composed key minor song runs moderate slow tempo beats minute described slow burn bassline guitar string instruments track features guitar solo delivered vocals span soprano vocals blending trademark create atmosphere shades cool described song slow slightly ballad shades cool characterized atmospheric ballad contrasts pop billboard single sings man break world cause live shades cool heart reception shades cool received positive reviews music critics consequence sound complimented song grace slate called shades cool beautiful brooding return form del opined single fit perfectly james_bond theme track likewise rolling_stone wrote track perfect james_bond film directed popmatters positively compared vocals shades cool vocalist observing sounded better single peaked number billboard hot managed enter record charts number france number hungary number spain number single peaked number chart operated billboard magazine music video music video shades cool directed released june video features tattoo artist appeared music video west_coast love interest filmed los_angeles california clip romantic film noir visual depicting streets los_angeles night 1970s themed neighborhood pool video dances love interest flowing dresses alternative version visual shades cool directed released july version seen dead described darker original video track listing digital download shades cool personnel credits adapted liner notes performance credits vocals production charts release history
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Shades of Cool
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Music
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Songs
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2014 songs
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24423_BestMistake
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song american recording artist features american hip hop recording artist song served promotional single second studio album released midnight august written blu june big sean produced song ballad piano string drum machine instrumentation lyrically deals couple trying decide future troubled relationship going like claimed favorite track earned positive reviews critics praised song production talent response big sean verse track mixed peaked billboard hot number record charts north_america europe oceania digital songs chart debuted number making act michael_jackson female artist songs chart week songs break free featuring big sean performed song live including theater los_angeles production composition written blu june big sean production programming instruments vocals produced curtis sauce wilson engineering big sean vocals handled mixing track engineered finally mix mastered minimal hip hop piano ballad lament utilizes instrumentation strings drum machine couple trying minds future relationship deep affection buried underneath problems revealed favorite track think world big sean obsessed writing song particular huge fan general feel like writing song fantastic like strikes chord heart love release commercial performance confirmed title june day confirmed second studio album july released second snippet profile song finally came august release added speculation relationship rumors big sean united_states shortly release song reached number weekly chart topped itunes singles chart sold units week landing number chart female songs chart break free artist michael_jackson shortly death issue dated july sales helped land number hot canadian hot appeared number european nations debuted number flanders urban chart respectively number danish chart french chart chart netherlands mega single spain chart number singles chart oceania reached number australian aria pop urban songs chart respectively japan hot peaked spot critical reception received acclaim critics popmatters interview editor called second best song coming close love harder writer called best love songs far said sure hit applauded vocals transition mature sound music billboard called production impressive said song rows listen digital spy writer noted song showed roots stating wouldn sounded place rated album talk good game official_charts_company critic felt like extension truly albeit grown called classic bells fond instead focusing entirely carefully sung vocals quiet piano line song background newsday critic described gorgeous hip hop song showcases wide ranging voice focusing upper notes called improvement previous collaboration right writing singer rapper grounds best mistake mixed reviews idolator described average looking cousin previous duet right reviewing slant_magazine said makes mistake middle register habit delivering word big sean appearance got varied reception pitchfork_media said rap track song tone awful lines like feelings fresh found verse unnecessary interesting dating rumors called pretty outstanding verse voice sparse atmosphere rhymes measured way fits song perfectly said treat think big sean steals live performances big sean performed theater los_angeles performed grammy christmas november performed song honeymoon tour big sean performed song tour stop detroit credits personnel credits adapted liner notes charts sales
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Best Mistake
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Music
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Songs
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2014 songs
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25255_One(EdSheeransong)
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song song recorded english recording artist second studio album wrote song immediately releasing debut album marked occasion wrote girlfriend inspired romantic compositions produced frequent collaborator music based primarily acoustic guitar critics generally positive song noted guitar driven sound use falsetto accompanying video shot preceded song release promotional single release meant sing album lead single issued create hype feared fan base europe song appeared charts reached number united_kingdom certified silver sales units june background release shortly release debut album wrote november tour perth australia inside dressing room composed song guitar whiskey barrel song wrote second studio album song produced contributed majority tracks featured debut album owned located small surrey village recorded wrote song alice girlfriend inspired romantic songs song refers particular relationship rest moving experiences according song good way end period relationship finds bidding farewell love interest takes minimal approach ballad characterised acoustic guitar released promotional single available instant great download pre ordered album itunes store promotional release meant sing album lead single sing intended create hype album release feared fan base preceding song release official video premiered youtube channel black white video shot london england features performing live acoustic version song performed tour ran reception release received positive reviews daily_telegraph described style alongside photograph soulful believed melodies heartfelt note guardian alexis_petridis suggested striking beautiful ballads album certain new found maturity felt haunting falsetto powered ballad noted weak falsetto fragile acoustic pop boston_globe noted similarities single team described drowned sound opinion cut exact cloth team favored better stated song nice job mixing drunken regret romantic dedication cover interview billboard opined took minimalist live approach degree rest tracks entered singles chart high streaming rates debuted number chart week ending peaked number following week appeared chart weeks june british_phonographic_industry certified song silver denoting sales units song appeared main chart debuted number billboard hot credits personnel credits adapted liner notes charts certifications
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One (Ed Sheeran song)
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Music
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Songs
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2014 songs
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25367_Partition(song)
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partition song partition song recorded american singer beyoncé self titled fifth studio album released beyoncé wrote produced song justin_timberlake key extra writing extra production song sent urban contemporary february single beyoncé columbia_records song consists parts individually titled partition partition described electro known moves sweet girl group pop sound dirty south hip hop production musically consists sparse synthesized arrangement bassline heavy giving elements electro exploring deep sexual nature beyoncé partition depicts sexual intercourse closing minute song features french word similar quote actress film big partition widely acclaimed contemporary music critics commended beyoncé advocacy freedom confidence expression female sexuality praised catchy lyrics reference second partition known memorable lines album beyoncé complimented half vocal delivery received comparisons british recording artist album release partition picked airplay united_states urban contemporary radio stations peaked number billboard hot chart number hot hip hop songs chart number hot dance club songs chart accompanying music videos partition released december beyoncé clip directed filmed streets brooklyn new_york directed shot club partition added setlist performed live second european leg carter world tour later run tour formation world tour songs performed mtv_video_music_awards medley singer eponymous album conception release partition written justin_timberlake beyoncé production handled beyoncé dean boots stage names respectively partition conceived song called original created bucket added dropping lead synths strings beyoncé described sound created organic said reminded middle school lunch breaks start free trio decided beyoncé wanted organic production dream started writing lyrics including mouth like liquor beyoncé found awkward beginning soon loved phrase lead birth new alter ego singer revealed embarrassed recorded partition overtly sexual lyrics speaking song beyoncé said takes car teenager takes husband meet tries thinks hottest thing world kinda fantasy car movie played head didn pen paper got like press record song produced new_york_city musical arrangements production team music recorded white mixed track audio engineering carried assistance second engineer audio mastering served backing vocalists recorded vocals beyoncé spoken section end partition recorded beyoncé dancers partition officially impacted urban contemporary radio february single beyoncé partition officially impacted radio stations italy march composition partition described electro moves sweet girl group pop sound dirty south hip hop builds caribbean groove heavy beats provided bass drums track musically consists sparse synthesizer little finger lyrics sexual time magazine wrote partition leaves sexual commenting beyoncé vocal styles experimentation track noted displays attitude lines ornaments singing rapid adjacent notes usually tone apart wrote beyoncé adopts vocal based style sing lyrics occasional sounds expressive pleasure song begins short response audio clip carter world tour beyoncé asks crowd sic hear sic carter transitions billboard magazine called lady anthem beyoncé delivers half verses half song female protagonist male subjects club turns heads verse warns women club girl got look cake pound singer adds second verse beat beat got closes bridge beyoncé sings repeatedly mouth like liquor ascending echoes bass hits heavily uniformly background second titled partition preceded sound camera window separates partition fractured production lyrically female protagonist having sex romantic interest writing highlighted song details romantic relationship women act sexual objects sexual intercourse use physical act love form agency derive pleasure partition gained significant attention explicit lyrics frequent references opening lines verse beyoncé asks driver partition hook lines beyoncé adopts vocals singing wants man wanna girl like girl like closing minute song features french spoken word translates roughly like sex sex mean physical activity like interested sex men think hate sex natural activity women love slate magazine noted similarities spoken section similar quote actress film big interview vanity_fair addressed lyrics song mentioning saying thanks beyoncé think meant bill_clinton gown critical reception partition received universal acclaim contemporary critics commended experimental production sexual catchy lyrics line gown covered reviews pointed memorable album newsday wrote beyoncé channels inner prince moving sweet girl group pop sound dirty south hip hop guardian highlighted beyoncé gives best explanation album line radio speed slower commended way beyoncé half raps delicious song critics including greg_kot chicago_tribune welcomed beyoncé rapping partition compared work british recording artist variety magazine highlighted songs discuss sexuality beyoncé hold absolutely partition praised beyoncé toss old school battle rhymes line beat beat got standout similarly magazine noted lines like beat beat got mouth like liquor listeners smile praised beyoncé lyrics confident flow concluded singing rapper way precious ferocious billboard magazine commended lyrics wrote partition baby jam frankly sexual lines similarly time magazine hailed lyrical content partition noted suitably embodiment modern feminism generation reluctant claim word praised beyoncé express desire partner projecting fierce independent persona writing time magazine suggested beyoncé work sultry beats paired rated lyrics catchy chorus took minutes dressed ain gon club combination publication wrote extensive review song beyoncé far sentiment large beyoncé america sexual creature fact shifting houston trap meets trunk partition particular sentiment track queen tells driver partition don need seeing knees uses man finishing clothing reveals like nasty repeats took minutes dressed ain gon club maybe moment album bold moves beyoncé actually slips french translation love sex monologue noted songs vein partition effectively display genre diversity beyoncé vocal range penchant musical experimentation praised french spoken section partition comparing sample flawless added good ideas aren directly expressed beyoncé context bits like quotes frame artistic intentions knows doesn need actually singing sex defeat point owning pleasures wrote extensively partition song effectively shows beyoncé positioning female sexuality powerful construct female body uplifting white concluded singer highest sex object pop princess sexual goddess desired fulfilled fulfilling los times wrote stripped partition reflect beyoncé determination rare superstars pushing creatively recognition annual mass critics poll year best music partition ranked number july following year writers spin magazine placed number list best songs placed number list best songs far writer publication noting intensely strip booty dropping added immediately anthem pop loving women song flash snap beat pitchfork_media listed song 26th year end list cosmopolitan editor ranked partition best song year end list chart performance billboard hot partition debuted number week ending january released single following weeks spending different positions chart moved peak position week ending march eighth week charting song spent total weeks chart seen position partition beyoncé tenth number hot hip hop airplay chart extending record leaders women beyoncé twentieth number hot dance club songs chart issue dated making artist number ones chart madonna rihanna january certified platinum recording_industry_association_of_america riaa denoting shipment copies country united_kingdom partition entered singles chart chart numbers respectively march following week moved charts respectively eventually peak positions ireland single entered irish_singles_chart peak position number week ending march week marked fell position spending total weeks chart partition charted charts regions belgium wallonia flanders france south_korea music videos music videos partition released december beyoncé itunes store video partition uploaded beyoncé official vevo account february uploaded november coincide release background concept video directed features fashion video models filming took place streets brooklyn new_york director wanted add raw kind new_york kind dark aesthetic video clip beyoncé introduces viewers new alter ego preferences include brooklyn hottest girl club beyoncé inspired visuals directed video freedom contemporary street version clip freedom similarly featured lip performance contemporary wanted video moment narrative said wanted girls performance beyoncé taking kind character order convey idea singer sing song lyrics video envisioned clip sexy provocative overt leaning sophisticated visuals interview new_york magazine affirmed references 1990s video human nature american singer madonna clip video shoot told girls incredible kind checked ego door fun special described cast spontaneous contrived revealed interview crew follow certain script filming added interpretation mentioned scene beyoncé breast idea getting inspiration song lyrics synopsis reception video opens close shot woman mouth beyoncé models dressed leather pose brick wall cameras showing flashes skin close ups lips erotic tongue point video seen singer chest scene beyoncé sports pierced scene seen shorts leather jacket leopard print necklace seen wearing cut orange coat heels clip ends singer walking runway photographers taking pictures shouting final scene meant line lyrics welcome paris help transition song second partition new_york magazine described video contemporary gritty era subtle sexuality visual minutes seconds fashion sex found hyper vision red lips booty shorts fish net body suits presented clip independent dubbed street wise update freedom entertainment_weekly writer described video super sexy praising singer showcased persona new_york_times described look character beyoncé portrayed video song website hitfix noted concept street styled runway concluded women pose gritty brick walls projecting tough seductive image matches song website fuse called clip sexy website deemed clip sexiest offerings singer writing vulture noted beyoncé hardly models visual vanity_fair editor praised fact singer brave surround world beautiful mixed review came time magazine remarked shooting video lasted hours partition background concept video partition directed shot club filmed quickly jay-z travel london concert shooting video commentary album beyoncé said day got engaged husband birthday took crazy horse remember thinking damn girls fly thought ultimate sexy seen like wish wish perform man video talking video noted shooting beyoncé trying past filming tried create capture bit genuine intimacy singer husband commentary video song beyoncé revealed motivation film saying pounds gave birth worked body wanted body wanted child work hard body know women feel thing birth child fun sexy dreams live embarrassed don feel like protect believe sexuality power synopsis story video meant illustrate lyrics song depicts sexual fantasies rich bored housewife played beyoncé tries seduce man having breakfast house wearing white video opens shots big mansion singer seen rooms tries man attention reads newspaper notice throws floor female servant comes lift clip transitions scenes beyoncé dressed victorian outfit mask hands lip lyrics dancing rhythm song seen entering jay-z inside scenes beyoncé black coat walking car car stops club crazy horse following scenes singer emerging different set black background dancing atop grand piano later seen female hands body dances scenes wearing performing pole dance female dancers shortly beyoncé performs choreographed chair dance purple background jay-z seen audience watching smoking cigar end video shows singer dancing woman projected print seconds cut breakfast table beyoncé seen video singer wears archival lace gloves crystal mask reception video review rolling_stone described extravagant praising dance moves concluded ending classic dream fashion scenes cut beginning writing hitfix described highly stylized reclaim singer sexuality whitney website praised clip best beyoncé highlighting unforgettable song video combination accompanied beyoncé post child sexuality writing time stated singer went properly hot clip added viewers think differently word complex felt wardrobe changes outfit better previous hollywood reporter classified visual ornate opined beyoncé portrayed affection similarly described character desperate need physical attention noted similarities film true lies strip scene online praised overall video singer look scenes video spin noted variety revealing outfits worn beyoncé concluded nudity video certainly comes close writing behalf vanity_fair stated review fan choreographed routines women logic partition good starting point journey beyoncé beyoncé alice daily telegraph hailed explicit nature video stating showed beyoncé sassy lady mission game independent qualified clip sexy rolling_stone described video song album time referred clip partition classic mtv video negative review came verge trent panned contribution album daily_telegraph writer stated video looked suitable porn website described imagery strip club dressed berkeley musical went message video sent peculiar added singer try better role model young girls commented visuals showed beyoncé sold undermined position role model previous powerful messages empowered women girls early march criticized video partition reilly factor broadcast said represented sex offered critique teenage girls influenced singer adding knows devastation unwanted fractured families think beyoncé response claims argues isn body putting display viewers performs historical black female bodies order point black women means garnering attention sexual performances goes far forcing viewer positioning direct viewer video nominated category video year bet awards mtv_video_music_awards nominated categories best choreography best female video live performances partition setlist second european leg carter world tour performance tracks taking place glasgow arena february performance songs beyoncé performed similar ones seen music videos songs background dancers end partition saw beyoncé appearing silhouette dancing couch reviewing concerts tour robert_copsey digital_spy noted chair dance performed partition dancing highlight guardian felt partition blow naughty girl case sex machine felt new material beyoncé showcases variety vocal styles ranges concert noticed urban partition setlist beyoncé jay-z headlining run tour songs performed separately performance partition opened new half minute explicit rap verse sang jay-z seated crimson light illuminated finished beyoncé appeared stage digital screen dancing female dancers poles consequence sound chose song particular highlights pre recorded performance tour broadcast bet awards june online felt pair certainly brought house sexy performance praising beyoncé look accurately performed choreography behalf mtv_news felt bet awards saved best described performance exciting despite pre recorded publication felt rapper classic jay flair verse performance spin editor found duo delivery song stunning partition setlist performed beyoncé mtv_video_music_awards august medley consisting songs fifth studio album appeared wearing performed dance choreography pole song performed later set hitfix writer noted performance partition emulated looks poses clip mtv_news felt singer kept audience lifted performance review performance fuse noted performance screams cover versions january posted unofficial remix song account featuring remix song extended intro lasting seconds rappers singing dirty bars reviewers critical rhymes contribution remix spin calling conventionally suggesting original writing turn banks effort hailed delivering brought acclaim avoiding trying beat track artists sheer working perfectly deep subdued beat beyoncé original website release album partition song covered multiple dance crews youtube writing billboard thought dance videos uploaded youtube helped partition appear charts hot official videos released audio available digital retailers compared partition harlem shake performed charts viral videos later created noted differences partition covered professional unlike harlem shake march posted video performed choreography female dancers credits personnel credits adapted beyoncé website video credits charts certifications
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Partition (song)
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Music
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Songs
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2014 songs
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25822_VanillaChocolat
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song recorded romanian singer second studio album unlocked features guest vocals provided romanian rapper connect track available digital download december album fourth single written stan connect production handled music video song directed stan architect debuted stan youtube channel december release musical critics praised connect catchy rap french bits pointed easy sing time nonsense lyrics track song performed stan unlocked tour cherry pop romanian background recording written stan production handled track recorded romania song features lyrics written english french composed songwriting camp romania worked new songs fellow romanian international artists particularly stan felt pleased collaboration wanted work romanian artists romanian producers like second studio album talked choosing connect guest vocalist chose connect deal music genre flexible continue unexpected change sound combination connect sing language problems believes work met started half seriously jokingly work song result sweet critical reception recording received generally positive reviews release pop shock reviewed stan second studio album unlocked late commended best songs album felt track pure pop perfection playful french bits bollywood inspired chorus sounds completely different charts right pop shock initially disappointed video went holds multiple suits nature song german website reported video premiere january praised catchy dance pop beat incorporated refrain song easy sing time nonsense lyrics unlikely worldwide hit mediocre music video video served official video premiered december official youtube channel directed stan single week filmed different shows invited perform track including stan additionally directed rehearsal room house describing video energy featuring public figures scenes video filmed stan architect credited particularly compared video clip paris live performances stan live performance december followed lip performance song order film scenes single accompanying video following release clip stan performed stripped version romanian radio station december sang romania national anthem backed instruments played invited perform romanian version voice december lip cherry pop shortly act tudor expressed stan act stan didn provide live vocals interview stan confessed conditions appearance discussed producers surprised performance credits personnel credits adapted liner notes track listings release history
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Vanilla Chocolat
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Music
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Songs
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2014 songs
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26080_Ghosttown(Madonnasong)
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madonna song song recorded american singer madonna thirteenth studio album released radio stations march album second single song written madonna produced madonna billboard madonna listened douglas previous works requested studio time songwriters wrote days pop ballad song inspired imagery city armageddon survivors carry lives love thing hold composed uplifting track features instrumentation organ drums minor effects madonna vocals released itunes_store album pre order december response leaking songs song received positive response critics commended madonna vocal delivery lyrics billboard production work compared singer early ballads united_states song madonna 36th entry chart 45th number song hot_dance_club_songs chart surpassing country singer artist number songs active billboard chart internationally reached position hungary italy digital charts finland sweden certified platinum madonna performed song promotional schedules europe france tempo italy ross united_kingdom performed 2nd music awards joined singer played guitar accompanying music video directed starred actor main theme video apocalyptic situation mimicking end world showing singer howard sole survivors destroyed city background release written madonna song composed days madonna personally requested studio time madonna liked single talk dirty written douglas decided collaborate douglas recalled ended having great session saying incredibly nervous obvious reasons showed super ready work basically checked life bucket list writing session madonna explained room start playing chords start thinking write people try come theme want write city armageddon burnt city buildings smoke lingering fire know mean people left pick pieces kind dramatic entirely impossible stage game version version end day going left song discussing song theme french radio europe madonna spoke going world especially france believed lost ability accept people race color adding level increasing europe madonna said apocalyptic theme destruction humanity continue way behave treat way treating maintain level prejudice behavior human beings different madonna concluded december total songs recording sessions leaked aggravated madonna took clarified songs demo versions earlier recordings madonna told billboard leak team tried trace source ultimately decided release finished songs december album available pre order itunes store ordered tracks automatically downloaded including madonna added prefer fans hear completed versions songs instead incomplete tracks circulating madonna appearance italian television tempo confirmed second single sent italian radio march week later added australian radio united_kingdom released april composition remixes thematically listed themes prevalent genuine statements personal reflections madonna obsessive self regard songs carrying subtle messages talking unity religious consciousness madonna concept loss love romantic according lyrics falls falls souls jim_farber new_york_daily_news said song brings elements madonna voice times alto range sounds like melody calm hits like live tell song composition uplifting nature far reaching number melodic effects generated electronic music cinematic track accomplished different chord making song sound compact begins sounds single organ chords dusty drum beat instead straight pop ballad composition sounds little edgy usage synth percussion effects vh1 stated song features tight production ear crashing chorus pure pop bliss usa_today described song mixture earnest sweetness stark arrangement chorus appears seconds song distortion filled pause beat repetitive chord progression set time signature common time moderate tempo beats minute composed key minor madonna vocals spanning song basic sequence verses chorus chord progression engineered mixed track additional editing madonna vocals provided background vocals song march billboard premiered remix song dutch don changed ballad track set remixes released later remix remixes released madonna tidal streaming account including according idolator completely turns hear post apocalyptic piano bar sad depressing remix gave emphasis madonna vocals adding piano orchestra production explained music video imagined people dark place destruction wanted verse represent reality situation chorus represent view world love non dance remix approved madonna exclusive release tidal account critical response forbes considered favorite album daily_telegraph considered song madonna best chance achieving radio hit album comparing composition singer previous studio album ray light view shared hitfix considered madonna commercially friendly ballad 2010s popmatters called arguably haunting love song madonna career complimented madonna natural vocal delivery spite vocal effects added considering probable radio hit madonna praised madonna vocals devil pray living love found madonna older ballads like live tell found electronic arrangements complimenting vocals observed chorus sung singer madonna despite weaker singer emotional truth stakes particularly melancholy end spectrum singing voice hangs space lyrics positioning dark glowing guiding light brilliant desperate anthem comparing madonna vocals observed rich sounding voice soundtrack comparable live tell crazy digital_spy lewis corner rated stars noting madonna sounded significantly subdued reflective compared recent years makes biggest possible impact felt previous track present leaks surprising ample presence melodies stern major complaints madonna past studio albums lack memorable lyrics dissipated quoting lyrics world gets cold cover let hold stern added song earnest world anthem tailored souls wandering mad mad world giving song rating half stars new_york_post described musically emotionally found tender simple big synth ballad solidarity writing nick_levine felt enhanced song glorious stealth bomb chorus commended billboard production techniques blend lyrical focusing catchy chorus new_york_times found song mixture affection post apocalyptic adding begs romance video danish music magazine praised madonna decision emphasis singing trouble melodic tracks like writer displayed wonderful striking tentative note vice relegated song album filler believed displayed madonna vocal rarely deployed emotional sincerity sal_cinquemani slant_magazine initially considered memorable song tracks released pre order review album explained decade disco madonna makes easy forget skilled post apocalyptic takes generic contemporary pop template think halo stamps singular style penned bow national described song streamlined power ballad complimented madonna pop music instincts rolling_stone ranked number year end list find best songs number list best songs reader poll chart performance following release song pre order charted number nations france song debuted number fell number week following album release song entered chart number release physical single reached new peak number topping debuted peaked number spain staying weeks song debuted switzerland number present chart week charted outside singles chart number debuted number italy reached peak number spending weeks reaching peak number united_states promoted adult contemporary radio formats regular radio plays owned stations debuted number chart making 36th entry starting single borderline madonna ranks fourth list artists entries chart preceded elton_john madonna entry chart single jump according billboard song main adult pop songs chart aided radio play week ending april debuted number hot_dance_club_songs chart following weeks greatest position reaching peak number week ending reached chart madonna 45th number artist number singles billboard chart breaking tie country singer earned number ones chart pulled ahead runners ups rihanna number songs time record debuted number adult pop songs chart singer 19th entry list music video development madonna confirmed howard stern filming music video song los_angeles directed previously helmed madonna music videos ray light music american life jump celebration music video starred actor main theme video apocalyptic situation mimicking end world described director came concept future shot old steel mill madonna look video styled wife blended contemporary fashion trends like military victorian gave signature characteristics created leather cape designer label considering rock roll silhouette video owner spoke working madonna video previously collaborated hearts given week notice work telephone exchanges group met factory told inspiration concepts designs stark team leather pieces jacket structures finalized buttons cross patches task easy hearts vision design mind challenge bring life dramatic beautiful way costume took week total people finish achieve apocalyptic meets bit ship wrecked mood vibe wanted rest ensemble included leather metallic combinations green silk vest cotton clothing lace shorts madonna wore vintage burnt singer agent bra applied dirt giving special effects inspiration look couple interest rock roll madonna approved design saying magical perfectly represented vibe wanted bring video asked golf club pocket knife look edgy swedish broadcasting channel explained opening shot madonna shown laying bed wanted boots looked like leg contacted designer new_york said developed pieces fashion wanted provide designs arms release synopsis following completion shooting madonna posted images video set april announced video released week uploaded second preview video tidal streaming account clip showed madonna black leather outfit running bleak destroyed area scene interspersed religious symbols like heart animal release date initially confirmed april live video broadcasting app rescheduled day guardian felt madonna owners streaming music service tidal planning use similarly exclusive video promote release music video video starts announcement television nuclear activities destroyed cities like london paris new_york_city los_angeles cuts room madonna lies bed watching news nuclear explosion song starts visibly distressed madonna walks dressing table sits kisses framed photograph mother looking cape picks rod hat goes house chorus starts madonna seen appears post apocalyptic destroyed city signs life posters album shown burning looks walks carefully destruction cape outside madonna debris tries phone gets frustrated starts smashing objects rod actions catches attention man played howard picks sniper rifle shoot object disturbance seeing madonna lens runs meet destroyed building notice circle weapons hand come close instead attacking throw away weapons embrace engage dance routine complete dance song ends couple notice little boy watching destroyed building video ends couple leaving city little boy hand hand large dog destruction reception analysis billboard described video fitting soundtrack choreographed dance madonna howard complimented scene time believed howard acting dancing empire signed video shared view added dancing skills aren half bad hitfix observations video concluded dance sequences visuals live time great madonna releases rolling_stone complimented visual saying better video scene pop star compared series man earth complex found video keeping surprised spite feeling long video reviewed critics idolator website website gave saying actually best music video hung mention greatest single choice time period complimented onscreen like look described gorgeous vampire pirate idolator negative video calling embarrassment complete lame special effects unnecessary celebrity appearance awkward dance scene time sal_cinquemani slant_magazine called video describing tale comparable singer cancelled video single american life criticized overall execution clip saying director hands like friend frequent collaborator ridiculous ruin porn zombies live performances february madonna appeared ross england aired march performed edited version living love time wore black dress boots performing songs march madonna guest italian tempo aired march talking host performed devil pray writer yahoo noticed performances warmly received audience appreciated madonna emphasis melodies vocals performance costumes stage props day later madonna appeared france performed edited version living love described performance intimate interpretation known ballad writing idolator described deeply emotional performance madonna stood piano sang song added madonna best man handling mid air dry refreshing ballad madonna action change performance song sounded great especially took final glorious chorus giant screens located platform burning cities images broadcast collapses attack september performance happened ellen degeneres united_states madonna sang wearing black leather dress point song arose sing final chorus stern gave positive feedback saying madonna delivered stirring performance post apocalyptic tune fact likely best date outfit choice raw emotional vocal delivery madonna performed acoustic version 2nd music awards march accompanied singer onstage played guitar new_york_daily_news noted subdued performance madonna walked stage near end song los_angeles_times called breezy version song billboard declared award best performance describing duo spirits huffington_post called intimate light candles sway ballad turned meeting souls time performance best sort collaboration adding swift excited stage madonna uploaded parody video performance website video showed degeneres added computer graphics madonna swift playing violin accidentally madonna hair violin end madonna instrument taking degeneres moves away swift initially absent rebel heart tour september stop new_york_city madonna announced perform song truth mistakes forgive singer added sang acoustic version song according idolator madonna fans went nuts performance ballad singer touched began reaching crowd slant_magazine sal_cinquemani complimentary performance calling stirring rendition sleeper hit brought seemingly genuine tears madonna eyes development surprise track listings formats credits personnel inc bad robot bmi bmi seven music kid bmi personnel madonna vocals songwriter producer billboard producer songwriter songwriter songwriter producer background vocals engineer additional editing personnel adapted madonna official website charts certifications release history
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Ghosttown (Madonna song)
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Music
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Songs
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2014 songs
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26651_IggySZN
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known song australian recording artist taken reissue debut studio album reclassified song produced october available streaming day later track available instant track pre ordering album itunes stores built electro based beats song gained mixed critical reception peaked number ninety australian_singles_chart respectively united_states track charted number chart background composition september announced debut studio album new classic october track list reclassified released included 9th track october track available streaming day later track available instant digital download track pre ordering reclassified written produced lasting duration minutes seconds built club ready electro based beats heavy lyrically talks success goes song point raps gon hate critics critique pay mind speak year week know stand seat hook raps want ain leaving bitch reception received mixed reception music critics editor website compared minimal production track previous single fancy featuring writing catchy fancy lot fun spin opined background similar works shared need little better wants interest jim_farber new_york_daily_news commented star doubles love fancy read hooks pitting beat lion synth attention idolator reviewing reclassified said trio fuck anthems light hearted upbeat showcases memorable year week ability deliver crazy beats state added song built hand deep electronic buzz sound great high tempo class david allmusic complimented stating wonderful helps add charm ice queen persona track entered peaked australian_singles_chart number ninety additionally charted number following premiere song united_states debuted number thirty seven weekly chart charted number nineteen chart hip hop digital songs song unlocked reclassified album pre order resulting number debut chart dated november track debuted number live performances december performed yahoo road concert performed song ball tour december credits personnel credits adapted reclassified liner notes locations recorded mix spot los_angeles personnel charts
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Iggy SZN
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Music
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Songs
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2014 songs
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27443_UnapologeticBitch
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bitch bitch song recorded american singer songwriter madonna thirteenth studio album written madonna production madonna song demo leaked internet december tracks album final version released december tracks itunes store early christmas gift avoid song conceived madonna studio worked singer songs album bitch reggae pop song groove air horns military drum beats dub instrumentation song reminiscent original sound having elements lyrically song talks overcoming bad breakup inner strength song received generally positive response critics agreed fun refreshing track noting resembles work artists produced group major charted european territories chart song madonna rebel heart tour singer inviting member audience participate performance rewarding banana gift background release recording thirteenth studio album madonna enlisted american producer work songs posted photos account revealed working producer called slave driver studio commented met madonna kids invited party ended writing seven songs continued usually feel pressured write hits artist obvious want push little bit surpass claimed love artist gives producer confidence needs work madonna open minded ideas day added weeks gon projects end july cool think far artists anybody kind began trend actually coming new look style sound winning hitting charts records gon crazy sounding pushed envelope stuff december reports suggested album set named title thirteen track demos leaked internet december frequently working album later confirmed album titled rebel heart releasing completed tracks pre order album itunes_store december early christmas gift avoid material leaked bitch tracks revealed produced composition lyrics bitch written madonna production completed madonna song musicians song engineers serving song contributed additional programming additional mixing reggae pop song groove having air horns military drum beats song slide guitar dub bridge added madonna voice times sound amid jamaican beat guitars noise lyrically bitch talks lover inner strength madonna shooting poison arrows heart wrong noted rolling_stone song repeatedly labels bad behavior tells fuck admit wasn satisfied chorus sings sound like bitch know got like song allegedly written madonna boyfriend told rolling_stone song like fuck going fun think going ruin life think guess life goes commenting billboard usage word bitch numerous times songs album madonna explained think word police fuck don want interested political word bitch means lot different things context moved england heard word horrified people calling realized culture different said right best mate word fuck doesn mean sexual intercourse mean stupid fuck going fuck fuck sex expressions goes bitch bitch owning saying strong tough don mess bitch means critical reception song received generally favorable reviews music critics analyzing bitch bitch madonna stephen_thomas_erlewine allmusic wrote titles suggesting execution knowing picked bitch album highlights guardian noted songs word bitch title expressing bitch better lays madonna similar things method remains sound noticed resembles applauded line knew loved till lost calling killer track labelled good time thought fun hear madonna deliver line like sound like bitch know got like decades worth pocket easy score sure effective lewis corner digital_spy called brilliant called enjoyable tracks album rolling_stone called song standout tracks album calling breakup produced groove noting madonna writing theme song called bitch like called lot publication named refreshing reggae tinged track national labelled reggae track madonna gives smackdown comparing work artist madonna collaborator popmatters called defiant informed strikes poses copied gwen nme opined song fallen major album calling interesting new zealand herald criticized madonna voice according sounds place overly thin context track hand spin provided positive note song claiming bitch successful seamless ask year written produced man prone occasional bout reggae tinged human nature years ago madonna shock told talk instead got like live performances madonna performed bitch rebel heart tour song penultimate track tour setlist encore holiday performance madonna invited member audience join song dancing guest finished performance giving banana gift guest opening night montreal canada song producer singer turned simulated fruit saying things banana artists included katy_perry called best bitch madonna new_york_times called performance celebratory vulture named crowd writing daily_telegraph praised fact singer sound spontaneous pleasure performing infectious noticing delighted london audience improvised funky dance likely youtube reviewing guardian called performance relaxed comfortable credits personnel inc like turtles music songs bmi emi april personnel personnel adapted madonna official website charts
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Unapologetic Bitch
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Music
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Songs
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2014 songs
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27535_SayYes(MichelleWilliamssong)
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yes song yes song recorded american recording artist taken fourth studio album journey freedom features williams destiny child beyoncé song written williams produced released yes album single june yes marks time trio collaborated solo artists following disbandment group musically yes uptempo gospel pop song takes influence dance music samples popular gospel tune originally titled jesus says yes release yes received generally favorable reviews contemporary music critics called song infectious praised commercially song performed gospel charts peaking number seven non consecutive weeks appeared charts france belgium europe billboard ranked yes seventh year end hot gospel songs chart accompanying music video yes directed released june williams appeared clip depicts singers street party dancing singing crowd solo appearances singer forest wearing white clothes respective verses received generally positive reviews critics reunion destiny child praised feel good nature background yes written williams served producer song marked collaboration trio consisting williams beyoncé group destiny child disbanded williams sent advanced demo album journey freedom beyoncé contained song solo track titled jesus says yes later williams received said love jesus says yes destiny child mix song beyoncé recorded respective verses studio williams stated wanted project secrecy time reveal interview rap beyoncé spoke decision featured artist song stating song inspiring music like proud williams talked yes fuse saying inspirational song wasn sure people kind reminds praying continues impact impact kanye_west jesus walks think got yes leaked internet williams revealed twitter account day leaked track version yes interview hollywood reporter said hated fact unfinished version released noted angry felt overwhelmed positive support prior song debut publications reported beyoncé sister appeared featured artist yes claims later proved wrong final official version song premiered june released radio available digital download day german web williams performed german version song host journalist composition yes uptempo gospel song elements pop music song noted exploring elements electronic dance music fuse felt song contained reggae dance beat instrumentation includes percussion instruments synths horn stabs african beats according sheet music published website inc yes written key major common time contains moderately fast tempo beats minute singers vocal elements range low note high note song samples popular gospel tune originally titled jesus says yes billboard magazine described modern dance contemporary electronic dance reworking song found elements upbeat swing west african gospel composition song williams stated song came africa years ago don think knows wrote started singing chorus song leaked week people africa nigeria trying let know came williams sings lead vocals beyoncé sing respective solo verses serve background vocalists song interpreted song lyrics praise god sovereignty jesus love yes opens message faith williams sings lines worried thing cause know guiding lead lord fear cause know control chorus constructed response trio repeatedly praising jesus lines jesus yes backed choir repeats verses critical reception yes received generally favorable reviews billboard described yes number mtv_news described song refrain infectious idolator praised song describing infectious gospel club invitation dance floor listeners called possibly inducing song praise concluded review writing harmonies remain chorus monster trust chorus stuck head listen review felt song managed bridge gap gospel popular music describing song spin magazine called star damn near impossible head rolling_stone writer described horn stabs heavenly praised trio potent harmonies yahoo music writer found vibrant dance energy song music hailed message uplifting similarly complex writer echoed statements describing song uplifting review fuse described yes gospel island hybrid felt interesting hear williams lead vocalist instead beyoncé previously served lead vocalist destiny child finished review concluding sort makes want throw hands heavens time marie christian today praised williams vocal performance song hook controlled riffs wrote beyoncé vocally subdued track truly lets williams voice receive attention felt song williams turn shine mixed review vulture columnist wrote song total mess listeners sing praises song soul train music awards yes currently nominated category chart performance united_states yes entered chart number second week charting issue dated june charting numbers charts respectively debut position issue dated july song jumped position hot gospel songs chart reaching number spot feat williams number single hot gospel songs spending consecutive weeks chart weeks number gospel digital songs chart fourth week charting hot gospel songs yes returned number issue dated november remaining consecutive weeks giving total seven non consecutive weeks number bubbling hot singles chart acts song extension main billboard hot yes peaked number peaked number billboard component chart article chicago_tribune opined song religious message reason mild reception performance mainstream charts united_kingdom yes debuted peaked singles chart component chart numbers respectively june song performed better country indie chart peaked eighth position week france williams achieved solo single track debuted number week charting june following week fell chart entered peak position june fell position week completely dropped charted weeks flanders version peaked number june music video background synopsis music video yes filmed directed clip filmed house new_jersey crowd gathered watch trio set following filming local police pictures beyoncé arriving set shared social networks fans williams debuted clip yes appearance june filming video stated director production assistants like girls bring home bring younger laughing talking things great moment video released williams vevo account day scenes footage released featuring trio set talking song reunion clip williams said felt excited sisters spreading positive message world video opens williams singing opening verses dancing street beyoncé wearing like gown fit theme track appears seconds song deliver verse forest tree hung paper appears soon forest wearing white crop smiling singers appear video section williams beyoncé sing dance street party scene dancers shown waving flags playing drums choreography present video noted traditional african reception video received generally favorable reviews rolling_stone said managed highlight feel good heavy handed religious praised reunion destiny child said singer looked seriously happy praising beyoncé style reminiscent destiny child era writing people opined traditional choreography drums inspired africa praised singers synchronized formidable moves reminding got new_york_daily_news felt dance sequence end video similar older videos destiny child stated reunion group good fun noted clip featured williams dancing center spot beyoncé time idolator described video heavenly concluded heart warming williams moment went describe clip visual praised beyoncé look fuse described visual uplifting adding included numerous sun soaked shots singers mtv_news described glorious fun clip destiny child reunion dreams similarly complex wrote great time watching remembering favorite destiny child moments time magazine praised fact group reunited music video linking times destiny child billboard described clip felt singers seen set absolutely writing essence felt trio sing charge praised clip positive energy right comparing forget world dance clips early 90s online described praised williams look stated women look like having blast los_angeles_times found choreography performed trio light clip pretty live performances williams performed acoustic version yes yahoo music released williams performed single set essence music festival williams later performed song beyoncé stellar awards charts
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Say Yes (Michelle Williams song)
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Music
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Songs
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2014 songs
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2367_Philosophyofscience
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philosophy science philosophy science branch philosophy concerned foundations methods implications science central questions study concern science reliability scientific theories ultimate purpose science discipline overlaps example explores relationship science truth consensus philosophers central problems concerned philosophy science including science reveal truth things scientific reasoning justified addition general questions science philosophers science consider problems apply particular sciences biology physics philosophers science use contemporary results science reach conclusions philosophy philosophical thought pertaining science dates time aristotle philosophy science emerged distinct discipline middle 20th century wake logical movement aimed criteria ensuring philosophical statements assessing landmark book structure scientific revolutions formative challenging view scientific progress steady cumulative acquisition knowledge based fixed method systematic experimentation instead arguing progress relative set questions concepts practices define scientific discipline particular historical period subsequently approach science theory makes sense observations coherent prominent seek ground science assumptions nature vocal minority philosophers particular argue thing scientific method approaches science allowed including explicitly supernatural ones approach thinking science involves studying knowledge created perspective approach represented scholars like finally tradition continental philosophy approaches science perspective rigorous analysis human experience particular sciences range questions nature time raised general implications economics public policy central theme scientific discipline reduced terms chemistry reduced physics reduced individual psychology general questions philosophy science arise greater particular sciences instance question validity scientific reasoning seen different guise foundations statistics question counts science excluded arises life death matter philosophy medicine additionally biology psychology social sciences explore scientific studies human nature achieve inevitably shaped values social relations introduction defining science distinguishing science non science referred problem example considered science called creation science hypothesis called central question philosophy science unified account problem won acceptance philosophers regard problem argued use potter stewart standard know recognizing early attempts logical grounded science observation non science non meaningless argued central property science genuinely scientific claim capable proven false principle area study speculation science attempt claim legitimacy able achieve referred fringe science science physicist coined term cargo cult science cases researchers believe science activities outward appearance actually lack kind utter honesty allows results evaluated scientific explanation closely related question counts good scientific explanation addition providing predictions future events society takes scientific theories provide explanations events occur regularly occurred philosophers investigated criteria scientific theory said successfully explained phenomenon means scientific theory explanatory power early influential theory scientific explanation model says successful scientific explanation occurrence phenomena question scientific law view subjected substantial criticism resulting widely acknowledged theory especially challenging characterize meant explanation thing explained law matter chance perfectly predicted known developed model good scientific explanation relevant outcome explained argued key good explanation disparate phenomena providing mechanism science taken granted clear validity general statement number specific instances truth theory series successful tests example chicken observes morning farmer comes gives food hundreds days row chicken use reasoning farmer bring food morning morning farmer comes kills chicken scientific reasoning chicken reasoning approach acknowledge induction achieve certainty observing instances general statement general statement probable chicken right conclude likely farmer come food morning certain remain difficult questions precise probability given evidence putting general statement way particular difficulties declare beliefs scientific theories personal correct reasoning merely evidence change beliefs time argue scientists reasoning reasoning best explanation account science specific instances explanations observed discussed previous section clear meant best explanation razor choosing simplest available explanation plays important role versions approach return example chicken simpler suppose farmer cares continue taking care indefinitely farmer slaughter philosophers tried principle precise terms theoretical measures measures simplicity brought forward potential candidates generally accepted thing theory independent measure simplicity words appear different measures simplicity theories task choosing measures simplicity appears bit problematic job choosing theories observation theory making observations scientists look study images electronic screens record meter readings generally basic level agree shows degrees scientists different ideas theories developed explain basic observations disagree observing example general theory observers likely interpreted image left different objects space light theory tell actually objects center different images object sides alternatively scientists suspect wrong object actually observed operating theory observations separated theoretical interpretation said theory laden observation involves perception observation actively engaged distinguishing phenomenon observed surrounding sensory data observations affected underlying understanding way world functions understanding influence perceived noticed deemed worthy consideration sense argued observation theory laden purpose science science aim determine ultimate truth questions science answer scientific claim science aims truth ought regard scientific theories true approximately true likely true conversely scientific anti argue science aim succeed truth especially truth like argue scientific theories evaluated useful view theories true point purpose science predictions enable effective technology point success recent scientific theories evidence truth near truth current theories point false theories history science morals success false modeling assumptions widely termed criticisms evidence scientific realism attempt explain success scientific theories reference truth claim scientific theories aim accurate objects argue success primarily judged criterion values science values intersect science different ways values mainly guide scientific research scientific enterprise embedded particular culture values individual practitioners values emerge science product process distributed cultures society unclear counts science process confirming theories works purpose science considerable scope values social influences shape science values play role ranging determining research gets funded influencing theories achieve scientific consensus example 19th century cultural values held scientists race shaped research evolution values concerning social class influenced debates considered scientific time feminist philosophers science science explore social values affect science history pre modern origins philosophy science trace aristotle distinguished forms approximate exact reasoning set scheme analyzed reasoning analogy eleventh century arab known latin conducted research way controlled experimental testing applied geometry especially investigations images resulting reflection light english heavily influenced recognized father modern scientific method view mathematics essential correct understanding natural philosophy considered years ahead time modern direct relation roger lived years earlier seminal figure philosophy science time scientific revolution work reference aristotle bacon outlined new system logic improve old philosophical process bacon method relied experimental histories eliminate alternative theories established new framework grounding scientific knowledge treatise discourse method advocating central role reason opposed sensory experience contrast 2nd edition argued place experimental philosophy philosophy phenomena rendered general induction passage influenced later generation inclined readers ban natural philosophy particular later 18th century famously articulate skepticism ability science determine gave definitive problem induction 19th century writings considered important formation current scientific method anticipating later accounts scientific explanation logical popular turn 20th century logical defined field decades logical accepts statements meaningful rejects interpretations set theories knowledge combines ground philosophy basis consistent examples sciences seeking overhaul philosophy convert new scientific philosophy berlin circle logical late 1920s interpreting early philosophy language logical identified principle criterion sought reduction mathematics logic embraced russell logical mind knows actual potential sensory experience content sciences physics psychology scientific meaningful meaningless worthy review philosophers newly tasked organize knowledge develop new knowledge logical commonly portrayed taking extreme position scientific language refer seemingly core notions mechanism principles talk allowed direct observations viewed abstract worst emotional theoretical laws reduced laws theoretical terms garner meaning terms correspondence rules mathematics physics reduce symbolic logic rational reconstruction convert ordinary language standardized united logical scientific theory stated method logical operation verify truth late 1930s logical fled germany austria britain america replaced sought replace simply confirmation world war close logical logical led largely america covering law model scientific explanation way identifying logical form explanations reference suspect notion logical movement major philosophy dominated philosophy including philosophy science influencing sciences 1960s movement failed resolve central problems doctrines increasingly assaulted brought establishment philosophy science distinct philosophy playing key role landmark book structure scientific revolutions reaction logical argued process observation evaluation takes place meant consistent portrait world consistent observations point view encompasses set questions practices define scientific discipline characterized normal science process observation puzzle solving takes place revolutionary science occurs shift denied possible hypothesis tested influence theory observations grounded argued possible evaluate competing independently consistent construct paint usable likeness world common ground pit theory theory distinct questions aims interpretations provides standard judged clear way measure scientific progress choice sustained rational processes ultimately determined choice involves setting portraits world deciding likeness promising acceptance rejection social process logical process position according shift occurs significant number arise old new makes sense choice new based observations observations background old current approaches assumptions seek articulate assumptions science based form typically implicit philosophy working scientists following basic assumptions needed justify scientific method objective reality shared rational observers objective reality governed natural laws laws discovered means systematic observation experimentation proponents argue assumptions reasonable necessary practicing science instance argues science physical world orderly likewise biologist cites nature laws assumption scientist assume proceeding geology view scientific laws enables scientists past words natural laws assumed order study past contrast view science rests assumptions asserts statements justified coherent system individual statements coherent systems justified prediction transit venus justified coherent broader beliefs mechanics earlier observations explained observation act relies pre existing understanding systematic set beliefs observation transit venus requires huge range auxiliary beliefs describe mechanics mount understanding mechanics prediction fails transit observed likely occasion adjustment system change auxiliary assumption rejection theoretical system fact according thesis impossible test theory isolation add auxiliary order predictions example test newton solar system needs information masses positions sun planets famously failure predict orbit 19th century led rejection newton law rejection hypothesis solar system comprises seven planets investigations followed led discovery eighth planet neptune test fails wrong problem missing planet badly test equipment space consequence thesis theory compatible observation addition sufficient number suitable hoc accepted thesis leading reject instead favored survival view scientific theories preferred goes austrian philosopher science paul argued description scientific method possibly broad encompass approaches methods scientists claimed useful exception free rules governing progress science objected scientific method grounds method scientific progress claimed principle progress goes felt science started movement time increasingly rigid increasingly ideology despite successes science started attain oppressive features argued possible come way distinguish science religion magic mythology saw exclusive dominance science means directing society authoritarian earned title worst enemy science detractors scientific knowledge according science inherently communal activity community fundamental difference science disciplines way communities function especially post modernist argued insufficient difference social practices science disciplines maintain distinction social factors play important direct role scientific method serve differentiate science disciplines account science socially constructed necessarily imply radical notion reality social construct maintain scientific reality social construct physical objects imported situation convenient definition terms experience simply comparable gods homer lay physicist believe physical objects homer gods consider scientific error believe point physical objects gods differ degree kind sorts entities enter cultural public backlash scientists views particularly 1990s came known science wars major development recent decades study formation structure evolution scientific communities including concepts methods rational choice social choice game theory economics applied understanding efficiency scientific communities production knowledge field come known science technology studies approach philosophy science study scientific communities actually operate continental philosophy philosophers continental philosophical tradition traditionally categorized philosophers science science anticipated themes tradition example advanced thesis morals motive search truth sciences kind ideal general science continental philosophy viewed world historical perspective philosophers supported view friedrich philosophers wrote works world historical approach science generation approaches involve historical turn science priority lived experience kind life world progress based anti historical approach tradition emphasis traced late works nature course notes largest effect continental tradition respect science critique theoretical attitude general course includes scientific attitude reason continental tradition remained skeptical importance science human life philosophical inquiry nonetheless number important works especially precursor important development analysis historical scientific thought study power corruption science madness post authors contributing continental philosophy science second half 20th century include truth justification unity nature und der und topics analysis activity breaking observation theory simpler concepts order understand refer philosophical positions related approach type belief fields study ultimately scientific explanation historical event explained psychological terms turn described terms human physiology turn described terms chemistry physics distinguishes legitimate calls denies real leaps quickly sweeping social broad issue affecting neutrality science concerns areas science chooses explore world man studied science science truth democracy argues scientific studies attempt segment population intelligent successful emotionally backward compared political feedback effect groups access science studies undermine broad consensus required good science excluding certain people proving end philosophy particular sciences thing philosophy free science science philosophical baggage taken board examination addition addressing general questions science induction philosophers science occupied investigating problems particular sciences examine implications particular sciences broader philosophical questions late 20th early 21st century seen rise number practitioners philosophy particular science philosophy statistics problem induction discussed seen form debates foundations statistics standard approach statistical hypothesis testing avoids claims evidence supports hypothesis makes probable instead typical test yields value probability evidence assumption hypothesis tested true value low hypothesis rejected way analogous contrast seeks assign related topics philosophy statistics include probability interpretations difference philosophy mathematics philosophy mathematics concerned philosophical foundations implications mathematics central questions numbers mathematical entities exist independently human mind nature mathematical asking true fundamentally different asking ball red invented discovered related question learning mathematics requires experience reason mean prove mathematical know mathematical proof correct philosophers mathematics aim clarify relationships mathematics logic human capabilities material universe philosophy physics philosophy physics study fundamental philosophical questions underlying modern physics study matter energy interact main questions concern nature space time included predictions interpretation quantum mechanics foundations statistical mechanics nature physical laws questions studied example space time philosophy chemistry philosophy chemistry philosophical study content science chemistry explored philosophers philosopher chemist teams includes research general philosophy science issues applied chemistry example chemical phenomena explained quantum mechanics possible reduce chemistry physics example discussed philosophy theories confirmed context confirming reaction mechanisms determining reaction mechanisms difficult observed directly use number indirect measures evidence rule certain mechanisms unsure remaining mechanism correct possible mechanisms tested thought philosophers sought clarify meaning chemical concepts refer specific physical entities chemical bonds philosophy biology philosophy biology deals ethical issues biological sciences philosophers science philosophers generally long interested biology aristotle philosophy biology emerged independent field philosophy 1960s 1970s philosophers science began pay increasing attention developments biology rise modern synthesis 1930s 1940s discovery structure acid dna recent advances genetic engineering key ideas reduction life processes reactions incorporation psychology broader addressed research current philosophy biology includes investigation foundations evolutionary theory role persistent host consequence evolution genetic content order seen result competent editors contrast narratives error events dominated philosophy medicine medical ethics philosophy medicine branch philosophy includes medicine medicine evidence based medicine evidence based practice attracted attention notably roles controls related areas investigation specific interest philosophy medicine include conception disease effects growing interest medicine particularly idea philosophers medicine interested medical knowledge generated nature phenomena interest purpose medical research establish relationships causes disease causes people better philosophy psychology philosophy psychology refers issues theoretical foundations modern psychology issues concerns psychological investigation example best method studying psychology focus response behavior external focus mental perception thought processes important question internal experiences measured self reports feelings beliefs reliable cases apparent incentive subjects intentionally answers self deception selective memory affect responses case accurate self reports responses compared individuals individuals respond answer scale experiencing different things issues philosophy psychology philosophical questions nature mind brain commonly thought science philosophy mind example humans rational creatures sense free relate experience making choices philosophy psychology closely monitors contemporary work conducted evolutionary psychology artificial intelligence questioning explain psychology philosophy psychology relatively young field psychology discipline late 1800s particular recently field works philosophy mind contrast established discipline psychology field study concerned questions nature mind qualities experience particular issues like debate related field philosophy language philosophy economics philosophy economics branch philosophy studies philosophical issues relating economics defined branch economics studies foundations morality categorized central topics concerns definition scope economics methods studied methods rise level reliability associated special sciences example possible research economics way value free establishing facts independent views researcher second topic meaning implications example buying lottery tickets increasing income time buying insurance decreasing income rational topic evaluation economic policies outcomes criteria determine given public policy beneficial society philosophy social science philosophy social science study logic method social sciences political science philosophers social science concerned differences similarities social natural sciences relationships social phenomena possible existence social laws significance structure agency french philosopher established perspective course series texts published volumes course dealt chiefly physical sciences existence mathematics astronomy physics chemistry biology emphasised inevitable coming social science physical sciences necessarily arrive humanity adequately channel efforts challenging complex queen science human society offers evolutionary system proposing society undergoes phases quest truth according general law stages theological positive established initial philosophical foundations formal social research typically cited fathers contemporary social science psychology approach historically favoured espoused believe social progress science technology perspective associated view methods natural sciences applied areas investigation philosophical social scientific social scientists historians orthodox long lost popular support today practitioners social physical sciences instead account effect observer bias structural limitations facilitated general weakening accounts science philosophers new philosophical movements critical realism philosopher pure instrumental meaning scientific thinking akin ideology
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Philosophy of science
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Philosophy and religion
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Philosophy
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Philosophical doctrines, teachings, texts, events, and symbols
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7675_TheDemandsofLiberalEducation
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political philosophy book establishes liberal political theory children education fits mutual needs state diverse writes intent liberal education education follows liberal society values maximize autonomy individual children increasing capacity liberty argues autonomy right children book published aims address educational policy liberal political theory advocates weak state promote thick autonomy accepting citizens agree argues public schools common citizens detached individual citizen community values argues constitutional mandate end reviewers recommended book public important contribution liberal theory common criticism based practical applications autonomy value contemporary examples national education citizens disagreed focus autonomy accommodated weak state defend group interests public school setting overview sets write coherent liberal political theory children education establishes education mutually satisfy conflicting interests state diverse liberal education defined type education follows liberal society values writes intent liberal education maximize individual autonomy successive generations particularly capacity exercise liberty autonomy cultivation primary moral aim liberal education argues liberal political philosophy philosophy education contends broad liberal education best individual autonomy creates best republic published secondary time having completed university_of_oxford thesis titled autonomy schooling book published paperback april work aimed address lack literature educational policy liberal political theory intent serve summary chapter assumes importance writes foundations asserts political lack interest values autonomy concludes liberal states adopt weakly stance autonomy stance promotes thick autonomy accepting citizens share value acknowledges influence non formal education focuses public schools ideal institution training citizens advocates public schools common members community detached internal values community parents proposes citizenship education provide cultural missing detached school diverse community critical thinking tolerance argues constitutional mandate establish autonomy promoting aim education regardless public support asks culture change distinguishes parental child rights laws exist parents act children best interests adds children limited restricted scope parents knowledge state intervene combat small interests children specifically cites christian criticism neutrality tactic justify limited restrictive external knowledge increases odds children adopting argument limited resulting excessive consequently stunt children ability develop adult autonomy rational decisions state parental limited hurt individual capacity autonomy weak requires traits liberal society transparent equally accessible process government substantive liberal institutions individual liberties governmental duties pairs view thick autonomy interpretation develops idea autonomy citizens sufficient guarantee substantive liberal institutions defines higher order preference formation minds personal values allowing criticism developed personality argues capacity autonomy right children state facilitate children receive way stance state education compulsory children require decisions sort state best suited promote consent operate best interests children state right lack child parental interest autonomy promoting education lets children decide values later life adults opposed having opportunity contends parents hand provide identity development cultural sense children chapter compares american english french educational systems foster private public identities writes french public school system best neutral disregard inspired allowed influence common nature school contrasted american public school system trends increased non neutrality american school programs use public school money private schools departing mission common public school school inequality ethnic segregation concludes parental choice limits capacity autonomy consequently individual liberty reception philosophical books review wrote book trend political philosopher interest education works liberal democratic societies noted issues compatibility society self described liberal values values educational practice society educational practice wishes citizens wrote critics common detached public school ask students raised cultural writing said criticism england education appeared outdated view england new citizenship curriculum felt find best model consistent argument added radical societies examples accommodate citizens hold values autonomy answer citizens convinced believe autonomy promoting schools considered book important contribution liberal theory wrote loss political philosophy continued work lieu academic career compared view parental child rights spheres justice writes children confined parental teachings compulsory public schools alexander linked views parental school choice choosing cultural reasons unrelated educational quality alexander recommended book public thoughts role school programs writing studies philosophy education approved emphasis autonomy concurred definition autonomy citizens western liberal countries unsure edge cases autonomy closed minded prospect pierced belly button autonomous person view disagreed position parental privilege right children invoked argue parents instead opposite privilege duty children interests require liberty fulfill including education defend parental duty children freedom society duty cited parental duty right educate children positive right educate fit negative right prevents concluded state duty conflicts duty parents state duty primarily children disagreed detached schools means capacity autonomy argued autonomy enhancing education autonomy imposing education criticism wrote lacked critical distance idea detached school presented character concrete examples school existence immune capitalist dominated education added detachment vague definition important detachment divisive good life curriculum school management better factors liberal schools concluded autonomy imposing schools harmful respectful autonomy friendly reduced environments child better imperfect classroom responded points later issue journal wrote education liberal political philosophy afford ignore book wrote state sealed external influence theory hold state weak interests parties added evaluation public education countries account influence engage potential issues endemic integrating additionally felt book lacked practical proposals public school education particularly weak activist state intervene behalf group interests public school setting book discussed group session annual meeting panel led included response author
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The Demands of Liberal Education
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Philosophy and religion
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Philosophy
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Philosophical doctrines, teachings, texts, events, and symbols
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8266_Consciousness
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consciousness consciousness state quality awareness aware external object oneself defined awareness ability experience feel having sense executive control system mind despite difficulty definition philosophers believe broadly shared underlying consciousness wrote companion consciousness aware given moment forms consciousness making conscious experience familiar mysterious aspect lives western philosophers time struggled nature consciousness pin essential properties issues concern philosophy consciousness include concept fundamentally coherent consciousness explained non human consciousness exists recognized consciousness relates language consciousness understood way require distinction mental physical states properties possible computing machines like computers robots conscious topic studied field artificial intelligence thanks recent developments technology consciousness significant topic research psychology past decades primary focus understanding means psychologically information present consciousness determining psychological consciousness majority experimental studies assess consciousness asking human subjects verbal report experiences tell notice issues interest include phenomena perception denial altered states consciousness produced alcohol drugs spiritual techniques medicine consciousness assessed observing patient seen states ranging loss meaningful communication finally loss movement response painful issues practical concern include presence consciousness assessed severely ill people treat conditions consciousness impaired disrupted etymology early history origin modern concept consciousness attributed essay concerning human understanding published defined consciousness perception passes man mind essay influenced 18th century view consciousness definition appeared celebrated dictionary consciousness french conscience defined volume opinion internal feeling earliest english language uses conscious consciousness date english word conscious originally derived latin know latin word meaning word meant knowing words having joint common knowledge occurrences latin writings phrase translates literally knowing oneself words sharing knowledge oneself phrase meaning knowing knows modern english word conscious earliest uses english word conscious retained meaning latin example wrote men know fact said conscious latin phrase meaning closely related current concept consciousness rendered english conscious oneself conscious unto oneself example wrote conscious unto great weakness definition illustrates gradual shift meaning taken place related word primarily means moral conscience literal sense means knowledge shared knowledge word appears latin texts writers knowledge witness deed generally taken philosopher use way fit traditional meaning way modern speakers use conscience search truth says conscience internal testimony dictionary dictionary meaning word consciousness extends centuries associated meanings ranged formal definitions somewhat skeptical definitions formal definition indicating range meanings given new international dictionary stating consciousness awareness perception inward psychological spiritual fact perceived knowledge inner self inward awareness external object state fact concerned awareness interest concern state activity characterized sensation emotion thought mind possible sense nature distinguished physical psychology perceptions ideas attitudes feelings individual group aware given time particular time span compare stream consciousness philosophy mind philosophy mind given rise consciousness encyclopedia philosophy defines consciousness follows consciousness philosophers term consciousness main topics knowledge general knowledge specifically generates phenomenal experience mind conscious case thought deliver primary knowledge mental life experience mental entity conscious case like examples experience sensational experiences pains imaginative experiences actions perceptions streams thought experience thinking words images independent controversial skeptical definition consciousness exemplified difficulties fully meanings entry version consciousness having perceptions thoughts feelings awareness term impossible define terms grasp consciousness means fall trap consciousness self consciousness conscious necessary aware external world consciousness fascinating elusive phenomenon impossible specify evolved worth reading written writers philosophy consciousness concerned defend particular point view organized material accordingly surveys common approach follow historical path philosophers strongly associated example etc alternative organize philosophical according basic issues concept philosophers non philosophers differ consciousness people strong existence refer consciousness argue false concept consciousness based example argued traditional understanding consciousness depends outlook distinguishes mind body mind world proposed speak minds bodies world individuals persons acting world speaking consciousness end misleading thinking sort thing consciousness separated linguistic generally philosophers scientists unhappy difficulty producing definition involve types consciousness philosophers argued consciousness concept understood majority people spite difficulty defining argued level disagreement meaning word indicates means different things different people instance objective versus aspects consciousness umbrella term encompassing variety distinct meanings simple element common proposed distinction types consciousness called phenomenal consciousness access consciousness consciousness according block simply raw experience moving colored forms sounds emotions feelings bodies responses center experiences considered independently impact behavior called consciousness hand phenomenon information minds accessible verbal report reasoning control behavior perceive information perceive access conscious information thoughts access conscious remember information past access conscious philosophers disputed validity distinction broadly accepted argued consciousness principle understood terms understanding consciousness challenging calls hard problem consciousness philosophers believe block types consciousness end story example argued book consciousness experience clearly distinct types consciousness identified organism consciousness control consciousness consciousness state event consciousness introspective consciousness consciousness self consciousness list obscure forms debate consciousness consciousness exist exist separately consciousness consciousness widely accepted hypothetical examples instance suggests case zombie identical person remains somewhat skeptical concluding don know actual cases consciousness consciousness hope illustrated conceptual possibility mind body problem mental processes consciousness physical processes brain events basis connection different kinds processes influential philosopher discuss question specifically answer gave known proposed consciousness resides domain called realm thought contrast domain material things called realm extension suggested interaction domains occurs inside brain small structure called widely accepted explained problem later philosophers happy solution ideas especially ridiculed alternative solution gained general acceptance proposed solutions divided broadly categories solutions maintain rigid distinction realm consciousness realm matter different answers realms relate solutions maintain realm consciousness matter aspects categories contains numerous variants main types substance holds mind formed distinct type substance governed laws physics property holds laws physics universally valid explain mind main types holds mind consists matter organized particular way holds thought experience truly exists matter merely illusion neutral holds mind matter aspects distinct essence identical large number theories assigned schools thought dawn science vision simple mechanical principles governing entire universe philosophers tempted idea consciousness explained purely physical terms influential writer propose idea explicitly book man machine machine arguments abstract influential modern physical theories consciousness based psychology theories proposed philosophers seek explain consciousness terms events occurring brain explored basis consciousness attempting frame encompassing global theories time computer scientists working field artificial intelligence pursued goal creating digital computer programs simulate consciousness theoretical argued classical physics incapable explaining aspects consciousness quantum theory provide missing ingredients proposed quantum mind theories consciousness notable theories falling category include brain theory theory formulated theories offer descriptions phenomenal consciousness interpretations access consciousness quantum mechanical theories confirmed experiment recent publications proposals rely quantum protein present time scientists philosophers consider arguments important role quantum phenomena apart general question hard problem consciousness roughly speaking question mental experience arises physical basis specialized question square notion control decisions small measure customary view subsequent events caused prior events topic free philosophical scientific examination problem minds philosophers consider experience essence consciousness believe experience fully known inside consciousness visible outside vast majority people believe people conscious rocks trees called problem minds particularly acute people believe possibility philosophical zombies people think possible principle entity physically indistinguishable human like human way lacks consciousness related issues studied extensively professor literature research studying artificial intelligence commonly given answer attribute consciousness people resemble appearance behavior reason look like act like like ways including having experiences sort variety problems explanation thing violate principle invisible entity necessary explain observe philosophers essay titled argue people explanation understand saying broadly philosophers accept possibility zombies generally believe consciousness reflected behavior including verbal behavior attribute consciousness basis behavior straightforward way saying attribute experiences people including fact tell experiences animal consciousness topic animal consciousness number difficulties poses problem minds especially severe form non human animals lacking ability express human language tell experiences difficult reason question denial animal conscious taken imply feel life value morally wrong example blamed animals fact believed humans non physical mind people strong animals cats dogs conscious insects sources obvious based personal interactions pets animals observed philosophers consider experience essence consciousness generally believe existence nature animal consciousness known spelled point view influential essay titled like bat said organism conscious like organism like organism argued matter know animal brain behavior mind animal experience world way dismiss argument argued existence animal consciousness describing range behaviors appear animals holding beliefs things directly perceive book reviews substantial portion evidence july eminent scientists different branches gathered university_of_cambridge celebrate francis memorial conference deals consciousness humans pre linguistic consciousness animals conference signed presence cambridge declaration consciousness important findings survey decided reach consensus statement directed public scientific obvious room animals consciousness obvious rest world obvious rest western world far_east obvious society evidence indicates non human animals including mammals birds creatures necessary consciousness capacity exhibit intentional behaviors artifact consciousness idea artifact conscious ancient theme mythology appearing example greek myth carved statue brought life medieval jewish stories animated built clay possibility actually constructing conscious machine probably discussed set notes written invented precursor built modern electronic computers essentially dismissive idea machine think way wrote desirable guard possibility exaggerated ideas arise powers originate know order perform follow analysis power anticipating relations truths province assist making available acquainted influential contributions question essay written pioneering computer scientist titled intelligence interest terminology saying machines think loaded meaningful proposed replace questions specific operational test known test pass test computer able imitate human fool essay discussed variety possible objections presented test commonly cited discussions artificial intelligence proposed criterion machine consciousness provoked great deal philosophical debate example argue capable passing test necessarily conscious argues philosophical zombie pass test fail conscious group scholars argued technological growth machines begin display substantial signs human like behavior human consciousness compared human like consciousness issues machine autonomy begin prevail observed nascent form contemporary industry technology lively exchange come referred chinese room argument sought claim proponents calls strong artificial intelligence computer program conscious agree advocates weak computer programs simulate conscious states view consciousness person powers essentially intentional simply way human brains function conscious persons perform consciousness inherently way computer programs machine speaks chinese room english speaker fact book combination chinese symbols output paired chinese symbol input boxes filled chinese symbols case english speaker acting computer program argues machine able process perfectly having understanding chinese having idea questions answers possibly mean experiment english knows english able questions answers english questions effectively aware said purposes serve pass test answering questions languages conscious speaks english way putting argument computer programs pass test processing language lead meaning way strong advocates hoped literature concerning artificial intelligence essay second volume debate generated vague extra ingredients machine conscious proposed needed powers sort brain computers lack sympathetic basic argument suggested necessary sufficient extra conditions include ability pass verbal version test robotic version requires grounding robot words robot capacity interact things world words real person scale branch research embodied situated scientific study decades consciousness research topic avoided majority mainstream scientists general feeling phenomenon defined terms properly studied objective experimental methods published influential psychological study distinguished slow serial limited conscious processes fast parallel extensive unconscious ones starting 1980s expanding community associated field called giving rise stream experimental work published books journals regular conferences organized groups modern medical psychological investigations consciousness based psychological experiments including example investigation effects case studies alterations consciousness produced trauma illness drugs broadly viewed scientific approaches based core concepts identifies content consciousness experiences reported human subjects second makes use concept consciousness developed medical professionals deal patients behavior impaired case ultimate goals develop techniques assessing consciousness humans animals understand psychological mechanisms measurement experimental research consciousness presents special difficulties lack universally accepted operational definition majority experiments specifically consciousness subjects human criterion verbal report words subjects asked describe experiences descriptions treated observations contents consciousness example subjects continuously cube usually report experience configurations remains objective understand relationship conscious awareness indicated verbal report effects brain activity behavior technique response behavior subjects clearly influenced report awareness verbal report widely considered reliable indicator consciousness raises number issues thing verbal reports treated observations akin observations branches science possibility arises contain errors difficult sense idea subjects wrong experiences difficult error detected argued approach calls means treating verbal reports stories true ideas widely adopted issue verbal report criterion field study humans language approach study consciousness species pre linguistic children people types brain damage language issue philosophers dispute validity test feel possible principle verbal report consciousness entirely philosophical zombie detailed verbal reports awareness absence genuine awareness verbal report practice gold standard consciousness possible criterion medicine consciousness assessed combination verbal behavior brain activity movement consciousness verbal behavior absent scientific literature bases movement extensive reliability consciousness disputed numerous studies showing alert human subjects induced behave variety ways spite reporting complete lack awareness studies free shown experiences people report behave correspond actual behaviors patterns electrical activity recorded brains approach applies specifically study self awareness ability distinguish oneself 1970s developed operational test self awareness known mirror test test examines animals able differentiate seeing mirror versus seeing animals classic example involves placing spot coloring skin fur near individual forehead seeing attempt remove touch spot indicating recognize individual seeing mirror humans older months great killer european elephants observed pass test major scientific literature consciousness consists studies examine relationship experiences reported subjects activity simultaneously takes place brains studies consciousness hope find activity particular brain particular pattern global brain activity strongly conscious awareness brain imaging techniques physical measures brain activity studies idea drawn attention decades consciousness associated high frequency gamma band brain activity idea arose proposals 1980s der gamma solve called binding problem linking information represented different parts brain unified experience example proposed consciousness results resonance specific systems content non specific systems context interact gamma band frequency number studies shown activity primary sensory areas brain sufficient produce consciousness possible subjects report lack awareness areas primary visual clear electrical responses higher brain areas seen promising especially involved range higher functions collectively known executive functions substantial evidence flow activity activity frontal sensory areas conscious awareness flow activity candidate area studies colleagues shown example visually responsive parts temporal lobe reflect visual perception situation conflicting visual images presented different eyes rivalry responses phenomenal experiences contrast raw electrical responses consciousness responses surprisingly important aspect consciousness phenomenal experience intensity contrast research group shown changes perceived firing rates investigation suggested findings strictly limited primary visual areas indicates primary visual areas changes firing rates considered type proposed attention theory awareness theory specific areas notably superior temporal junction build construct awareness attribute people machinery attribute awareness oneself damage regions lead consciousness neglect attention theory value explaining feature awareness person gain useful model person processing attention style information processing brain focuses resources limited set signals awareness theory useful simplified represents states aware explained constructing model focus complexity index proposed measure complexity response magnetic measure shown higher individuals awake sleep locked state deep sleep state making potentially useful assessment consciousness states assuming humans non species conscious number evolutionary approaches problem consciousness open example assuming birds conscious common assumption extensive repertoire birds comparative ways principal currently competing consciousness brain theories rationale comparative study brain structurally brain similar identified general conclusion study butler major theories brain appear valid brain structures assumed critical consciousness brains counterparts brains main portions theories compatible assumption birds conscious calls primary consciousness trait shared humans non human animals higher order consciousness appears humans human language capacity certain aspects theories easy apply hypothesis consciousness instance suggestion layer brain special role difficult apply brain different morphology likewise theory incompatible structural found brains assumption consciousness brings brain focus reason structural continuity brains meaning phylogenetic origin consciousness earlier suggested leading ucla advocated position importance humans areas particular importance development human language capacities necessary emergence higher order consciousness humans biological function evolution opinions divided biological evolution consciousness emerged consciousness survival value argued consciousness emerged exclusively humans exclusively mammals iii independently mammals birds reptiles authors date origins consciousness animals nervous systems early million years ago suggests book gradual evolution consciousness scenarios raises question possible survival value consciousness defends essay titled hypothesis animals history theory consciousness according consciousness effect activity steam whistle accompanies work locomotive engine influence machinery objects essay stating evolutionary argument mind brain interaction implying preservation development consciousness biological evolution result natural selection plausible consciousness influenced processes survival value develops book self brain similar evolutionary argument primary function conscious processing recurring idea recent theories phenomenal states integrate activities information processing independent called integration consensus example proposed called dynamic core hypothesis puts emphasis connections link areas brain massively parallel manner stresses importance evolutionary emergence higher order consciousness humans historically older trait primary consciousness humans share non human animals section theories function present solutions classic problems associated consciousness unity conscious experience virtually unlimited number different possible scenes details details sensory systems nature consciousness view easily explains experience unified despite individual parts remains unspecified kinds information integrated conscious manner kinds integrated consciousness explained specific role conscious integration plays functionality achieved consciousness obviously kinds information capable consciously activity related functions unconscious motor programs low level analyses etc kinds information combined kinds consciousness interactions effect remains unclear conscious review differences conscious unconscious article noted earlier writers consider consciousness defined thing widespread dispute animals humans said possess described distinction humans possessing higher order consciousness sharing trait primary consciousness non human animals previous examination evolution consciousness faced great difficulties writers argued consciousness viewed standpoint evolutionary biology adaptation sense trait increases fitness article evolution consciousness argued special physical properties cerebral gave rise consciousness linked quantum physics proposed place provided basis subsequent development functions consciousness higher organisms forth potential advantage gained conscious creatures suggesting consciousness allows individual appearance reality ability enable creature recognize likelihood perceptions water distance behave accordingly facilitate manipulation recognizing things appear cooperative ends philosophers suggested consciousness necessary functional advantage evolutionary processes given explanation argue possible equivalent non conscious organism philosophical zombie achieve survival advantages conscious organism evolutionary processes blind difference function performed conscious organism non conscious organism unclear advantage consciousness provide result explanation consciousness gained favor consciousness evolve adaptation arising consequence developments increases brain size consciousness sense compared blind spot adaption instead product way wired scholars including indicated importance emergence human language important mechanism learning memory context development higher order consciousness section states consciousness brain states consciousness absent including sleep coma death variety circumstances change relationship mind world drastic ways producing known altered states consciousness altered states occur naturally produced drugs brain damage altered states accompanied changes thinking disturbances sense time feelings loss control changes emotional expression body image changes meaning significance widely accepted altered states sleep dreaming dream sleep non dream sleep appear similar outside observer associated distinct pattern brain activity activity eye movement associated distinct pattern experience ordinary non dream sleep people awakened report vague thoughts experiences continuous narrative dream sleep contrast people awakened report rich detailed experiences events form continuous progression interrupted bizarre fantastic thought processes dream state frequently high level dream non dream states associated severe disruption memory usually disappears seconds non dream state minutes awakening dream actively research conducted effects partial consciousness found patients suffer partial experience altered states consciousness partial consciousness impaired lost aspects consciousness automated behaviors remain intact studies found measuring features partial patients exhibited increase absorbed experience seizure followed difficulty focusing shifting attention variety drugs alcohol notable effects consciousness range simple awareness produced increases intensity sensory qualities produced notably class drugs known group produce major perception including users describe drug induced experiences mystical spiritual quality brain mechanisms underlying effects understood induced use alcohol substantial evidence alterations brain system uses chemical play essential role research changes people techniques meditation research brain waves meditation reported differences corresponding ordinary corresponding meditation disputed evidence count distinct states consciousness extensive study characteristics altered states consciousness psychologist 1960s 1970s analyzed state consciousness number component processes including sensing external world sensing body input processing seeing meaning emotions memory time sense sense identity evaluation processing motor output interaction environment view altered multiple ways drugs components identified studies research area reached firm conclusions recent based study identified significant factors contributing drug induced states consciousness experience unity spiritual experience state impaired control anxiety complex imagery elementary imagery audio visual changed meaning method inquiry attempts examine structure consciousness right putting aside problems relationship consciousness physical world approach proposed philosopher later elaborated philosophers scientists original concept gave rise distinct lines inquiry philosophy psychology philosophy largely devoted fundamental questions nature psychology largely meant attempting investigate consciousness method means looking mind reporting observes method fell early twentieth century grave doubts reliability degree especially combination techniques examining brain activity world conscious experience considerable structure asserted world perceive organized according set fundamental include object perceive world set distinct things shape quality color warmth etc space distance direction location time space time correspond way world structured laws physics correspondence clear understanding physical basis qualities pain particularly challenging called hard problem consciousness philosophers argued qualities raw feels incapable analyzed component processes reject arguments example research shows organised like network clear relationship physical entity light quality color complex indirect demonstrated variety optical neon color spreading great deal effort gone investigating perceived world conscious awareness constructed inside brain process generally thought involve primary mechanisms processing sensory memory signals arising sensory organs transmitted brain processed series stages extract multiple types information raw input visual system example sensory signals eyes transmitted primary visual inside cerebral sent areas extract features dimensional structure shape color motion memory comes play ways allows sensory information evaluated context previous experience second importantly working memory allows information integrated time generate stable representation world expressed point books consciousness remembered present approaches brain function understand evaluation sensory information light previous experience integration information time models brain models brain takes advantage prior knowledge interpret uncertain sensory order conscious models successfully predicted phenomena vision senses despite large information available important aspects perception remain mysterious great deal known low level signal processing sensory systems ways sensory systems interact executive systems frontal language system understood deeper level basic conceptual issues remain unresolved scientists found difficult reconcile fact information distributed multiple brain areas apparent unity consciousness aspect called binding problem scientists expressed grave reservations idea brain forms representations outside world influential members group include psychologist argued favor intelligence representation medical aspects medical approach consciousness practically oriented derives need treat people brain function impaired result disease brain damage drugs medicine conceptual considered useful degree help guide treatments philosophical approach consciousness focuses fundamental nature contents medical approach focuses consciousness person medicine consciousness assessed level ranging coma brain death low end high end consciousness concern patients physicians especially patients suffer disorders consciousness need surgical procedure physicians perform consciousness related instructing patient sleep general inducing medical coma concerned ethical implications consciousness medical cases patients study patients impaired consciousness hopes gaining information brain works assessment medicine consciousness examined set procedures known assessment commonly methods assessing level consciousness patient simple procedure requires minimal training complex procedure requires substantial expertise simple procedure begins asking patient able react physical question patient respond meaningful way questions commands patient asked current location current day time patient answer questions said alert oriented times denoted medical chart usually considered fully conscious complex procedure known examination usually carried hospital setting formal examination runs precisely series tests beginning tests basic culminating tests sophisticated use language outcome summarized glasgow coma scale yields number range score indicating brain death lowest defined level consciousness indicating consciousness glasgow coma scale measuring best motor response ranging motor response commands best eye response ranging eye opening eyes opening spontaneously best verbal response ranging verbal response fully oriented simpler version scale children young able use language experimental procedure developed measure degrees consciousness procedure involving brain magnetic pulse measuring resulting waves electrical activity developing consciousness score based complexity brain activity disorders consciousness medical conditions consciousness considered disorders consciousness category generally includes conscious state persistent state includes severe locked syndrome severe chronic coma differential diagnosis disorders active area research finally brain death results disruption consciousness conditions cause moderate deterioration grand consciousness included category striking disorders consciousness goes greek derived term meaning disease condition patients disabled way commonly result stroke nature problem deny wrong frequently occurring form seen people experienced stroke damaging lobe right hemisphere brain giving rise syndrome known neglect characterized inability direct action attention objects located right respect bodies patients neglect paralyzed right body deny unable questioned obvious problem patient avoid giving direct answer explanation doesn sense patients neglect fail recognize paralyzed parts bodies frequently mentioned case man repeatedly tried throw paralyzed right leg bed lying asked complained somebody dead leg bed striking type syndrome rarely occurring condition patients blind claim able normally persist claim spite evidence contrary stream consciousness usually credited idea human consciousness flows like stream principles psychology according james stream thought governed characteristics thought tends personal consciousness personal consciousness thought changing personal consciousness thought continuous appears deal objects independent interested parts objects exclusion similar concept appears buddhist philosophy expressed sanskrit term usually translated mental buddhist view viewed primarily source noise attention underlying reality narrative form west primary impact idea literature science stream consciousness narrative mode means writing way attempts portray moment moment thoughts experiences character technique beginnings shakespeare plays reached development novels noted writers example passage thoughts bloom yes thing like ask breakfast bed couple eggs hotel pretending laid sick voice interesting old thought great leg left masses soul greatest actually afraid lay spirit telling old chat politics earthquakes end world let bit fun god help world women sort course wanted wear suppose pious man look twice hope ill like wonder want cover faces woman certainly talk suppose glad shut spiritual approaches philosophers word consciousness relationship mind world writers spiritual religious topics frequently relationship mind god relationship mind deeper truths thought fundamental physical world krishna consciousness example term mean intimate mind god krishna mystical psychiatrist distinguished types consciousness awareness body possessed animals awareness aware possessed humans awareness life order universe possessed humans examples given thorough account spiritual approach book spectrum consciousness comparison western eastern ways thinking mind described consciousness spectrum ordinary awareness end profound types awareness higher levels
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Consciousness
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Philosophy and religion
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Philosophy
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Philosophical doctrines, teachings, texts, events, and symbols
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8345_Conscience
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conscience conscience faculty judgment assists distinguishing right wrong moral judgment derive values norms principles rules psychological terms conscience described leading feelings remorse human commits actions moral values feelings integrity actions conform norms extent conscience informs moral judgment action moral based reason debate history western philosophy religious views conscience usually linked morality inherent humans universe diverse mythical legal institutional material features religion necessarily spiritual considerations origin operation conscience common secular scientific views regard capacity conscience probably genetically determined subject probably learned like language culture commonly metaphors conscience include voice inner light conscience detailed sections concept national international law increasingly conceived applying world motivated numerous notable acts public good subject prominent examples literature music film religious secular philosophical views conscience humanity generally accepted definition conscience universal agreement role ethical decision making approaches addressed religious views secular views philosophical views religious views literary traditions conscience label given attributes composing knowledge good evil soul completion acts consequent according morally right action characterised performing primary duty good expectation material spiritual reward helps heart provide mental direct perception reality knowledge requires discrimination eternal non eternal eventually realization true self merges universe pure consciousness faith death soul face judgment bridge evil people prior denial higher nature conscience time guests chinese concept indicates conscience social correct relationships assist humans follow way mode life reflecting implicit human capacity goodness harmony conscience features prominently buddhism scriptures example links positive aspect conscience pure heart calm directed mind regarded spiritual power guardians world associated conscience compassion endure suffering world right conduct right right wrote composed delivered great northern indian buddhist university spiritual importance virtues training awareness like block wood attracted pride lust continue advancing right understanding absorption conscience buddhism love living beings gradually awakens awareness mind sensory interests aware single wrote conscience human capacity live rational principles true nature mind universe action god mind delight rewards existence character acts islamic concept closely related conscience verses refers right conduct guarding oneself guarding evil verse says god ultimate source believer simply product individual requires inspiration god verses god talks perfected soul conscience taught wrong right awareness vice virtue inherent soul allowing tested fairly life world tried held day judgment responsibilities god humans verse states created male female constituted different groups societies come know sight god ones possessing islam according eminent events ordained written god humans possess free choose wrong right responsible actions conscience dynamic personal connection god enhanced knowledge pillars islam deeds self discipline prayer covered acts wrote volume work venture islam conscience history world civilization protestant christian tradition insisted conscience captive word god safe right conscience conscience falls ethical religious sphere saw conscience enemies rise conscience kingdom hinder prove god throne firmly established christians regard following conscience important important human authority christian view conscience god gave conscience know break law guilt feel wrong tells need conflict thomas translation bible english lead moral obey church priest military political leader follow inner feeling right wrong instructed prayer personal reading scripture contemporary christian churches religious groups hold moral teachings jesus highest authority situation regardless extent involves responsibilities law gospel john king james version jesus challenges accusing woman adultery stating sin let cast stone wrote ground heard convicted conscience went jesus woman taken adultery gospel luke jesus tells story despised good compassion conscience helps injured stranger road better eternal life loving neighbor priest passes dilemma obedience conscience divine state law demonstrated dramatically defiance order burying brother alleged traitor appealing law longer allegiance dead living catholic theology sees conscience practical judgment reason appropriate moment person good avoid evil conscience like habit like interior space listen hear truth good voice god inner place relationship speaks heart helps understand path ought decision forward remain faithful terms logic conscience viewed practical conclusion moral major premise objective norm minor premise particular case situation norm applied catholics taught carefully educate revealed norms norms derived form correct conscience catholics examine conscience daily special care confession catholic teaching holds man right act according conscience freedom personally moral decisions forced act contrary conscience prevented acting according conscience especially religious matters right conscience allow disagree church teaching claim acting accordance conscience sincere conscience seeking moral truth authentic sources seeking conform oneself moral truth listening authority established christ teach despite best effort happen moral conscience remains ignorance makes erroneous acts performed committed ignorance personal responsibility cases person wrong commits catholics appeal conscience order justify dissent level conscience properly understood level principles norms supposed inform conscience example priests use called internal forum solution sanctioned justify actions lifestyles incompatible church teaching christ prohibition divorce sexual activity outside marriage catholic_church warned rejection church authority teaching source errors judgment moral conduct judaism arguably require obedience religious authority case jewish history laws found capital punishment similarly occupation national destiny central jewish faith scholars including moses stated conscience personal revelation truth important tradition concept inner light associated conscience describes providing religion key symbols found square explained providing lessons square actions square conscience learn desires bounds mankind historian viewed conscience religion placed man death crucial quest grace encouraged book job book leading closest truth suspect matters life suddenly understands decade studying issue held power capable resisting evil associated drive social power religious institutions capacity humans reach individual spiritual truth reason conscience prominent religious works conscience significant philosophical component examples works discussed philosophical views section secular views secular approach conscience includes psychological humanitarian authoritarian views considered critical conscience important psychological stage proper moral development humans associated capacity weigh principles responsibility best encouraged young humorous later debates individually moral placed development conscience pre phase stages normal human personality development psychologist terms conscience intervening sense obligation based emotional good conscience associated feelings integrity psychological described quiet clear easy regarded conscience originating psychologically growth periodically frustrated external expression aggression destructive impulse forced seek alternative healthy outlet directed energy person ego taking cue regard parents childhood according consequence conscience guilt factor development claimed cultural individual super ego set strict ideal demands regard moral aspects certain decisions fear conscience considers conscience aspect extended consciousness survival related incorporating search truth desire build norms ideals behavior conscience society forming instincts argues conscience instincts drives enable people form societies groups humans drives insufficient form societies reproduce kind successfully considered conscience evolved humans resolve conflicts competing natural self preservation safety family community claim conscience moral authority emerged greater duration impression social instincts struggle survival view behavior destructive person society structures persons comprises bad evil conscience viewed outcome biological drives prompt humans avoid provoking fear contempt experienced guilt shame differing ways society society person person requirement conscience view capacity point view person persons unable act ways evil fundamental view conscience humans consider social relationship nationalism invoked conscience quell tribal conflict notion invoked quell national conflicts crowd drives individual conscience stated communal solidarity annihilated highest strongest drives break whip individual far past average low level herd conscience noted sleeps stopped conscience pressed conscience service study trial jerusalem notes accused fellow germans lost track conscience point hardly remembered wasn caused familiarity atrocities psychologically resultant natural pity having bear unpleasant duty fact conscience develop doubts shared need close ears voice conscience conscience spoke respectable voice voice respectable society interesting area research context concerns similarities relationships animals animals human society pets working animals animals grown food wild idea people animals perceive social relationship important preserve conscience begins respect urge actions protect similarly complex territorial cooperative breeding bird communities australian high degree rules play songs negotiations rule breaking tolerated occasions obviously related survival individual group behaviour appearing exhibit touching evolutionary biology physics contemporary scientists evolutionary psychology seek explain conscience function brain evolved facilitate societies book god states agrees good good science good evil good god moral minds sense right wrong derived past god great argued modern vernacular describes conscience badly makes behave looking believe existence conscience proof design advancing argument simply evidence argued ideas good evil rely help moral decisions like cricket features consciousness evolved selection pressure like skin color growth rates artificial conscience numerous case studies brain damage shown damage areas brain anterior results reduction elimination corresponding radical change behaviour damage occurs adults able perform moral reasoning occurs children develop ability attempts locate free necessary termed veto conscience unconscious mental processes free scientifically awareness intention carry act occurring electrical discharge known readiness potential claims kind artificial conscience beneficial artificial intelligence systems improve long term performance direct introspective processing philosophical views word conscience derives latin meaning knowledge knowledge english word implies internal awareness moral standard mind concerning quality motives consciousness actions conscience considered commonly largely gut feeling vague sense guilt ought conscience sense necessarily product process rational consideration moral features situation applicable principles rules laws arise parental peer group religious state corporate presently consciously acceptable person traditional conscience conscience defined practical reason employed applying moral convictions situation critical conscience morally mature mystical people developed capacity daily meditation combined service critical conscience aided spark intuitive insight revelation called philosophy medieval christian moral philosophy conscience accompanied case internal awareness inner light inner darkness condemnation resulting conviction right duty followed declined medieval philosophical views medieval islamic scholar mystic divided concept soul self spirituality categories based freely evil conscience directs man right wrong self reaches ultimate peace medieval persian philosopher physician believed close relationship conscience spiritual integrity physical health self man pursue knowledge use intellect apply justice life medieval islamic philosopher whilst imprisoned castle near wrote famous isolated awake floating man sensory thought experiment explore ideas human self awareness soul hypothesis intelligence particularly active intellect god truth human mind conscience according islamic conscience allows guide people peace light light experienced muslim prayers lead melting away self inner knowledge god eternal paradise depicted medieval christian distinction conscience rational faculty mind practical reason inner awareness intuitive spark good called arising remnant appreciation absolute good consciously denied example perform evil act source inner early modern developed understanding conscience god law term act judged second action conscience rational faculty produced judgement debating test cases applying understanding conscience trained refined 13th century thomas regarded conscience application moral knowledge particular case conscience considered act judgment practical reason began structured development innate remnant awareness absolute good involving primary proposed theory natural law acquired habit applying moral principles according held conscience imperfect process judgment applied activity knowledge natural law acts natural virtue implicit obscured people education custom promoted fellow feeling discussed conscience relation virtue explain people appear morally weak incapable adequately balancing needs reasoned acting contrary conscience evil action conscience result ignorance factors duty knowledge argued conscience educated act real goods god encouraged human apparent goods sensory pleasures commentary aristotle claimed weak allowed non man choose principle allowing pleasure ahead requiring moral medieval classic imitation christ stated glory good man witness good conscience preserve quiet conscience joy quiet conscience endure remains joyful trouble evil conscience fearful uneasy anonymous medieval author christian mystical work cloud similarly expressed view profound prolonged soul root ground sin confession busy holy things work conscience medieval flemish mystic john likewise held true conscience aspects necessary render man active life free spirit attracting love intellect grace delight yielding losing oneself abyss eternal object highest chief men absorbed immersed certain thing modern philosophical ideas ethics published death argued people consider exercise free moral decisions basis imperfect sensory information inadequate understanding mind emotions outcomes contingent physical existence forms thought chiefly self preservation solution according gradually increase capacity reason change forms thought produced emotions fall love viewing problems requiring moral decision perspective living life peaceful conscience means reason generate adequate ideas mind increasingly sees world conflicts desires sub reference time obscure mystical philosophy mind held absolute right freedom conscience human understanding embracing unity absolute rational real true thought functioning state tempted recognize conscience form knowledge similar non objective opinions generally rejected science similar notion expressed writings argued conscience god given intuitive considered constitutional monarch universal moral faculty conscience offer way walk likewise carries authority butler advanced ethical speculation referring principles human nature self love seeking individual happiness second compassion seeking good conscience linked ethics conscience tended authoritative questions moral judgment thought butler likely clear certain calculations self interest tended probable changing conclusions table talk expressed view awake excessively ill trained conscience hinder resolve practical action like horse starts bird flies sacred texts ancient hindu buddhist philosophy available german translations 18th 19th centuries influenced philosophers hold healthy mind deeds conscience wishes thoughts deeds hold mirror good conscience thought experience deed arises direct recognition inner phenomenon true self exists person particular manifestation lives heart feels enlarged contracted central figure age enlightenment likewise claimed things filled mind new increasing admiration awe steadily reflected heavens moral law begins invisible self personality exhibits world true infinity recognise existing universal necessary case contingent connection universal connection referred act according maxim time universal law considered critical conscience internal court thoughts accuse excuse acknowledged morally mature people describe peace soul following conscience perform duty argued acts produce virtue primary motivation simply duty expectation bliss expressed similar view conscience connected man greater unity critical examination work considered conscience defined feeling urges spite contrary harmonies minds society members weakest appeal strongest appeal unsuccessful disturbing corrupted power wealth victims serving remind corruption nature philosophers expressed pragmatic view operation conscience society essays law nature argued widespread fact human conscience allowed philosopher necessary existence objective moral laws occasionally state highlighted problem accepting statement like follow conscience supports conscience guide concrete morality spontaneous revelation eternal principles individual conscience proof innate principles innate principles men bent conscience prosecute avoid likewise noted opinions formed basis conscience honest conviction accepted potentially erroneous necessarily indicating absolute knowledge truth expressed view conscience memorable consequence perception men creed descend scene busy life possess free considered developing critical conscience relates proper shape dimensions proper comparison interests people believed role conscience government tempered practical men society capable directing minds purposes distant interests regard especially comes idea country humanity grounded sympathy feeling mill held certain conscience public spirit fairly calculated citizens community representative government ridiculous expect degree combined intellectual proof plausible tending class interest appear justice general good built view conscience viewing ideal life constitutes moral personality plan making common sense ethical decisions thought true conscience required loyalty mysterious higher deeper self modern christian tradition approach achieved expression stated imprisonment nazis world war conscience practical reason came depth lies man reason makes heard human existence unity guilty conscience arose indictment loss unity warning loss self primarily thought directed particular kind particular mode protests unity conscience like shame embrace pass judgment morality owner life reacted certain definite actions recalls long past represents accomplished man conscience believed fights lonely battle overwhelming forces situations demand moral decisions despite likelihood adverse consequences similarly claimed truth distributed world statement human dignity line good evil lives people conscience pointed following point bad conscience necessarily bad character fact commitment applying moral standards troubled remorse guilt shame bad conscience need regain integrity self representing soul true self analogy house wrote conscience anticipation fellow come home believed people unfamiliar process silent critical reflection mind immoral act crime count forgotten moment bad people regrets wrote problem languages distinguishing word consciousness conscience reason held conscience understand moral legal matters supposedly present like consciousness conscience supposed tell practical reason voice god self professed likewise viewed religious person conscience reflects best ability liberated selfish desires preoccupied thoughts feelings aspirations super personal value referred inner voice source moral physical knowledge quantum mechanics impressive inner voice tells real thing theory produces good deal hardly brings closer secrets old events convinced play fought french resistance argued final book need roots prelude declaration duties mankind society protective liberty obligations precedence rights moral political philosophy spiritual awakening occur conscience citizens social obligations viewed fundamentally having origin impact human character fulfilled work provided psychological explanation mental peace associated good conscience liberty men goodwill limited sphere action complete conscience having incorporated rules prohibited possibilities longer present mind rejected alternatives opinions conscience arose perspectives darwin suggested animal endowed marked social instincts parental affections included inevitably acquire moral sense conscience soon intellectual powers nearly developed man held soul conscience particular forms principle relevant group communicated ceremonies recent held existence conscience question answered research moral habits given person group people causes precisely habits feelings inquiry believed fell wholly scope existing social sciences views critical traditional conscience stating idea abstract degrees specific emotion excited constitute persons specifically moral sentiment conscience action properly termed internally right merely previously regarded right idea present way mind necessarily deliberately constructed motives french philosopher reflects conscience mother attempts develop moral sympathy understanding claimed growth religious western nations arose things general recognition private conscience inner divine presence regardless religious faith professed general self limitation discipline marked men claimed rights conscience argued attempts courts define conscience merely personal moral code sincere belief encouraging anarchy moral code motive necessarily tempered shared moral knowledge derived connection individual universal spiritual order common principles mutual engagements people maintains constitutional protection freedom conscience central democracy creates personal duties live freedom conscience personal responsibility reflection loses meaning responsibility ignored good life need especially reflective best lives lived studied moments cry self assertion passive fate mechanical decision convenience dignity ease stated important individual collective moral growth recognise illusion conscience wholly located body conscience wisdom expand act way conversely compassion results unconscious sense guilt philosopher considers usually describe action critical sense order deny relevant agent motivated selfish desires like greed ambition acted impulse moral anti debate moral facts necessary activate conscience natural facts necessity arise moral facts primary naturally identical worlds presumed morally identical argued measure moral luck circumstances create obstacles conscience overcome apply moral principles human rights benefit property rights rule law access universal health care plus absence high adult infant mortality conditions malaria tuberculosis hiv aids famine people relatively prosperous developed countries spared conscience associated physical necessity steal food bribe tax police officers commit murder guerrilla wars corrupt government forces rebel armies claimed true understanding conscience relationship morality hampered belief philosophical questions solved analysis language area clarity threatens interests similarly argued psychological recognise morally immature people willingly experience form delight erotic breaking taboo witnessing violence suffering pain inflicted wrote spend lives endless landscape self conscience likely shaped heroic struggles choice partner friends job choose live famous article called tragedy argued instance society appeals individual exploiting general good means merely sets system societal power physical resources lacking conscience guilt including anxiety individual contribution population people acting actually works elimination conscience race expressed view contemporary developed nations people turning sense right wrong critical conscience technical experts willingly restricting moral freedom choice limited consumer actions ruled ideology free market citizen participation public affairs limited isolated act voting private interest lobbying turns elected representatives public interest argue religious philosophical grounds act conscience judgement conscience likely erroneous informed facts prevailing moral religious professional ethical legal human rights norms failure acknowledge accept seriously mistaken promote situations conscience manipulated provide non selfish acts appealed ideological content associated extreme level devotion adequate external justification conscience considered morally blind dangerous individual concerned humanity argues philosophers virtue ethics neglected conscience conscience trained principles rules applies want live virtues people society considers highest state moral development little disagreement act viewed conscience encountering resistance selfish powers developing morality calling question naive sense freedom use powers violence process severe goal self obtain control words welcoming essence conscience properly conceived encouraged ego accept assuming things people selfish freedom word realising purpose conscience experience framework experience acts law english lawyers 16th 17th centuries interpreted conscience collection universal principles given man god creation applied reason gradually reforming medieval roman law based system forms action written use patterns litigation displayed increased concern elements right wrong actual facts conscience vote parliament allows legislators vote restrictions political party belong trial jerusalem nazi war criminal claimed simply following legal orders provided action omission ground person considered behaviour required conscience religion international customary law specifically refers conscience articles likewise mentions conscience article human beings born free equal dignity rights endowed reason conscience act spirit brotherhood right freedom thought conscience religion right includes freedom change religion belief freedom community public private manifest religion belief teaching practice worship shall right freedom thought conscience religion right shall include freedom adopt religion belief choice freedom individually community public private manifest religion belief worship practice teaching argued articles provide international legal obligations protecting service military theory justice defines individual prepared undertake public despite widespread condemnation action civil legal rule public reference contrary social virtues justice liberty principles morality law derived considered civil viewed appeal warning showing general respect fidelity rule law non violence transparency methods adopted law community fundamental virtue justice objections theory include inability accommodate objections society basic appreciation justice emerging moral ethical principles respect rights natural environment second difficulty consistently determining majority decision objection called refusal law arise naive traditional conscience merely encourages responsibility law moral human rights norms democratic institutions instead based critical conscience seriously thought mature personal moral religious beliefs held fundamentally incompatible merely inconsistent basis selfish desires impulse example laws requiring conscription military service legal fight financially support state particular war famous example arose author willingly jailed refusing pay tax profoundly disagreed government policy frustrated corruption injustice democratic machinery state recent case concerned private army mother children having served months iraq war decided conflict immoral sought refugee status canada list iraq war deported arrested second world war great_britain granted objection status complete objected fighting particular war partly genuine respect avoid futile occurred world war campaigns protect arrested incarcerated prisoner conscience beliefs particularly concerning intellectual political artistic freedom expression association san burma winner ambassador legislation conscience clause provision statute health professional law example surgical abortion incompatible religious beliefs expressed refusing obey laws conscience vary religious reasons notably members historic peace churches doctrine objections stem deep sense responsibility humanity conviction acceptance work military orders acknowledges principle conscription condemned world safe real democracy primary aim changing law considered victims moral moral training moving force events conscience remedy manipulate world power connect conscience forces moving build institutions social environments rule law example conscience power instead forever example advocated objection world war supporter war international reasoned radical justified face nazi advocated world organization professional army pointed appeal conscience allow law bring suffering conscience according johnson conviction felt avoided questions simple morality conscience guide trusted conscience determine morally thought state question thoroughly known man conscience said johnson tell right man conscience ill informed rights man convenience civil non violent protest civil resistance acts conscience designed undertake chiefly change appealing majority democratic processes laws government policies perceived fundamental social virtues principles justice equality respect human dignity civil properly functioning democracy allows minority feel strongly law sense justice capacity obtain legislative amendments referendum issue potentially majority account intensity opposing views notable example civil resistance sanskrit means truth compassion means involved making salt india act prohibited british statute order create moral pressure law reform similarly acted conscience montgomery alabama refusing legal order seat room white passenger action similar earlier act year old leading montgomery bus boycott citizen allegedly killed operated involved direct action based non violent principles prevent demolition home local palestinian argued young person looking future planet looking right believe reached stage time civil prevent construction new coal plants carbon capture nasa climate scientist environmental leader professor arrested opposing tar sands oil pipeline canadian energy professor arrested opposing mountain coal mining book storms grandchildren calls similar civil resistance global scale help replace business usual protocol cap trade system progressive carbon tax source oil gas coal industries revenue paid low carbon families notable historical examples different professional context included manipulation process japanese consul general temporary capital lithuania germany soviet_union hungary allow jews escape certain death chinese consul general vienna defied orders chinese ambassador berlin issue jews shanghai german member likewise saved thousands chinese massacre japanese military white rose german student movement nazis declared 4th silent bad conscience leave peace practical option citizens wishing existence international moral order core historical rights right life right fair trial freedom opinion states non violent protest civil met prolonged arbitrary detention torture forced disappearance murder persecution controversial experiment obedience showed people lack psychological resources openly resist authority directed act innocent victim world conscience world conscience idea ready global communication people earth longer morally estranged culturally geographically instead conceive ethics point view universe infinity duties obligations defined forces arising solely restrictive boundaries blood territory derives spiritual natural law perspective world peace achieved conscience properly understood generally considered necessarily linked religious aspect universal consciousness access common heritage humanity thinking development world conscience common members international conservation organisations like fauna performers world music non government organizations particularly work agenda setting policy making implementation human rights related policy referred conscience world developed idea encourage global moral scientific knowledge supporting premise unified learning universally shared makes accurate wise choice possible world conscience concept overlaps hypothesis advocating balance moral legal scientific economic solutions modern problems global poverty climate change strategies environmental ethics climate ethics natural conservation ecology sustainable development legal protection biodiversity example seeks attract world conscience problems associated elevation atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations initiatives nobel peace prize winner described inspiring war poverty blends social conscience business green party politician arrested state police act civil franklin dam protest expresses world conscience terms universe evolving experiencing understanding making choices future example policy outcomes thinking global tax tax alleviate global poverty protect amounting placed worldwide speculative currency market approach sees world conscience best expressing political reforms promoting based democracy example internet voting global governance organisations world government based model person vote value gradually replace contemporary market based american russian motivated conscience studying catastrophic public health consequences nuclear war establishing awarded nobel peace prize continues work heal ailing planet worldwide expressions conscience contributed decision french government halt atmospheric nuclear tests pacific explosions ground nuclear tests continued 1990s challenge world conscience provided influential article critically analyzed dilemma multiple individuals acting independently consulting self interest claimed apparently low survival value conscience led actions ultimately destroy shared limited resource acknowledges outcome long term interest conclusion areas conditions low population density requires state restriction freedom breed created controversy additionally direct role conscience achieving individual decisions policies laws facilitate global justice peace sustainable development world areas example including officially designated united_nations treaties common heritage humanity areas designated common heritage humanity international law include moon deep sea bed antarctica world cultural natural heritage world heritage convention human significant challenge world conscience world oil coal mineral timber agricultural water reserves depleted increasing pressure commercially exploit common heritage mankind areas philosopher argued represent emergence ethics based national boundaries idea world similarly predicted increase global travel communication gradually draw world religions characterized open spirit compassion argued forces opposing development world conscience include free market corporate greed nominal electoral advertising shopping shape citizens consumers relation information access necessary democratic participation argued mystical considerations global expansion human consciousness account species superior consequence conscience goal moral assisting remain periodically anxious passionate necessary components care compassion targeted bosnia challenges world conscience criticised global arms industry spending failure conscience nation states country decides invest arms education housing environment health services people generation right prosperity happiness produced inhabitants planet bothered end hunger feat reach necessary inevitable state affairs deliberate choice house_of_representatives speaker meeting 14th violent protests aftermath said situation challenge conscience world example words described having shaped conscience world right award awarded yearly sweden people strongly motivated conscience practical contributions resolving great challenges facing planet people example foundation promoting awareness climate change nuclear shared right award courage confronting forces destroying building political support conservation sustainable use largest global line organizations launched january promote conscience driven activism issues climate change human rights animal rights corruption poverty conflict closing gap world world people want notable examples modern acts based conscience notable contemporary act conscience christian protested flooding despite threats ultimately lead death campaign oil extraction multinational corporations nigeria led execution act tank man unknown rebel photographed holding shopping bag path tanks protests beijing square june actions united_nations secretary general try achieve peace despite threat life strongly motivated conscience reflected diary example involved actions warrant officer try prevent massacre vietnam war voluntarily confessed convicted sydney bombing stating conscience tolerate guilt guess unique prison system proving guilt said innocent russian naval officer radio contact soviet submarine depth charged warships cuban missile crisis dissent officers decided launch nuclear torpedo unanimous agreement launch required nuclear war buddhist monk performed famous act self protest alleged persecution faith regime conscience played major role actions list incompetent cardiac motivated conscience expose scandal revealing executives companies knew cigarettes addictive approved addition ingredients cigarettes employee motivated conscience pain increased risk deaths manufacturer suppressed information blew whistle white_house official ignored majority scientific opinion edit climate change report changing planet reflect bush administration view problem unlikely exist iraqi journalist imprisoned allegedly tortured act conscience throwing shoes israeli nuclear technician acted conscience reveal details israel nuclear weapons program british press kidnapped israeli agents transported israel convicted treason spent years prison including years solitary confinement awards ceremony metres summer olympics mexico_city ignored death threats official warnings anti racism protest destroyed respective careers agent retired bureau associate director acted conscience provide reporters information resulted scandal conscience major factor officer revealing experiment public attack israeli military civilian areas palestinian described stain world conscience conscience major factor refusal san leave burma despite house arrest persecution military dictatorship country conscience factor criticism fraud afghanistan election despite costing united_nations job conscience motivated expose irregularities contracting company work iraq popular cartoon artist arab world loved defense ordinary people criticism repression israeli military murdered refusing compromise conscience journalist provided prior murder example conscience opposition second war russian president conscience motivated russian human rights activist abducted murdered death arose conscience driven protests iranian presidential election female muslim lawyer winner nobel peace prize described conscience work protecting human rights women children iran human rights lawyer referred conscience china previously arrested allegedly tortured chinese regime defending members abducted chinese security agents february seen nobel peace prize winner final statement sentenced closed chinese court decade jail political prisoner conscience stated hatred person wisdom conscience mentality poison nation spirit lawyer russia arrested held trial year died custody result exposing corruption october naval gunner orders implement new border protection policy encountered suspected illegal entry refugee boat seas ordered fire warning shots calibre boat turn saw beginning break sink father board holding young daughter saved children overboard affair jumped life vest metres sea help save refugees drowning thinking isn right isn things february journalist deliberately targeted killed syrian uprising siege decided stay storm order expose happening october organised attempted murder teenage girl campaigning despite threats female education pakistan december delhi gang rape case said stirred collective conscience india civil public protest lack legal action country rape india june revealed details internet electronic communication surveillance program conscience felt obligation freedom humanity greater obedience laws bound employment conscience literature art film music ancient epic indian contains pivotal moments conscience occurs warrior overcome compassion killing opposing relatives war receives counsel krishna spiritual duty work performing sacrifice general good second end saga king having survived moral tests life offered eternal bliss refuse faithful dog prevented coming purported divine rules laws french author celebrated essays experience expressed benefits living clear conscience duty compose character compose books win battles provinces order conduct great glorious masterpiece live properly famous japanese travel journal composed mixed poetry prose attempting describe eternal world moved conscience example summer grass remains dreams ambitions ancient warriors franklin tale canterbury tales recounts young releases wife promise respect conscience freedom gentle generous critic discusses central problem shakespeare tragic character hamlet conscience form moral young prince great anxiety right father hell bound ghost murdering king perfect conscience quit arm bradley develops theory hamlet moral relating conflict traditional critical conscience conventional moral ideas time shared ghost told ought avenge father deeper conscience advance time contended explicit conventional ideas deeper conscience remains surface fails recognise hindered passion emerges light speech moral nature admire love opening words shakespeare hurt admired description conscience commencement poem riding westward let man soul sphere intelligence moves devotion plays sisters describes tortured emotional states doctors point careers turned conscience short stories explored people misunderstood voice tortured conscience student example fit describes dull pain indefinite vague like acute fear despair breast heart young doctor examining misunderstood compassion experienced factory owner daughter case book calls unknown mysterious power fact close hand watching conscience drove long journey record alleviate harsh conditions prisoners remote outpost writes introduction work abandoning travelled distant island feared place exile forced labour russia time help wonder simply lot people bitter knew lives deaths felt stood greater need help strange reason maybe writer best traditions russian man letters russian literature focused questions conscience powerful force public opinion writes character young student novel crime punishment decides murder old woman money principle conventional morals sequel reveals stricken conscience subtle writer given tragic fruitless struggle powerful intellect maintain conviction incompatible essential nature man wrote describe young man time follows conscience journey discover inner space things unified simply understood ending discovering personal truth service epic lord rings describes pure conscience carry ring power war torn middle earth destruction determining end journey weapons saved failure earlier decision spare life creature cruise brien wrote writer representative western consciousness conscience relation non western world kill portrays played classic film book kill film lawyer true conscience sets example children community play man seasons focuses conscience catholic lawyer thomas struggle king henry viii loyal subject loyal conscience thing wrote novel nineteen eighty isolated island scotland describe man attempts develop critical conscience state watches action people thinking mixture propaganda endless war thought control language control double think point prisoners look love brien states imagining called human nature outraged turn create human nature men infinitely copy depicting massacre innocent women children spanish civil war displayed wall united_nations building new_york_city entrance room spur conscience representatives nation states painted man head capture moral lack conscience man convicted kicking dog death painter wrote letter brother let fire soul die time inevitably come needed chooses poverty loves possesses great treasure hear voice conscience address clearly hears voice god greatest gift follows finds friend great men acknowledged works thought little deeply searched worked loved little rest depths sea life film seventh seal portrays journey medieval knight returning disillusioned going happen want believe aren able plague ridden landscape undertaking game chess death perform meaningful act conscience chess board distract death long family escape wagon centers development conscience cynical american face oppression nazis example resistance leader screenplay doctor adaptation novel focuses strongly conscience doctor poet midst russian revolution end walls heart like paper scott film focuses struggles conscience bounty hunter android future society refuses accept forms artificial intelligence aspects conscience wrote great choral composition mass minor express alternating emotions loneliness despair joy arise conscience reflects departed human life bach use settings dynamic discourse distinct voices seeking forgiveness sins evokes moral conversation humanity expressing belief music god present grace illness conscience mortality late string led movement string quartet minor string quartet hymn thanksgiving god john_lennon work imagine owes popular appeal conscience atrocities created war religious politics beatles track inner light sets indian music verse going door know ways heaven movie mission guilty conscience slave trader poignant haunting music earth heaven song based traditional called young orphan act conscience older brother song provided early warning moral dangers black cloud bringing different kind weather letting sunshine end begins presents conscience media award journalists society worthy recognition demonstrating singular commitment highest principles journalism notable personal cost sacrifice ambassador prestigious human rights award takes inspiration poem written irish nobel prize winning poet called republic conscience winners award included singer social justice activist musician irish rock band women rights activist author public intellectual
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Conscience
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Philosophy and religion
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Philosophy
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Philosophical doctrines, teachings, texts, events, and symbols
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8601_Power:ANewSocialAnalysis
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power new social analysis power 1st imp london work social philosophy written power russell ability achieve goals particular russell mind social power power people volume contains number arguments themes central role overall work theme given treatment analysis lust power human nature second work different forms social power forms substantially power insists organisations usually connected certain kinds individuals finally work ends arguing arbitrary subdued work russell ambition develop new method social sciences topics social sciences merely examinations different forms power chiefly economic military cultural civil forms russell eventually hoped social science robust capture laws social dynamics describe form power changes russell secondary goal work russell pains reject single cause accounts social power economic attributes russell work new social analysis examines general topics nature power forms power structure organisations ethics power nature power russell view human nature like somewhat russell account desire oneself unique human nature animals argues capable lot try accumulate goods meet needs impulse power calls arise basic desires russell imagination actor gain power russell view love power nearly universal people takes different person person person great ambitions content merely dominate home russell impulse power explicitly present leaders follow clear leaders pursue profit agenda genuinely cooperative enterprise followers gain achievements leader russell stressing point russell explicitly infamous master slave morality argument russell explains men feel required leading group victory seek captain appears possess courage necessary achievement supremacy accused christianity slave morality ultimate triumph goal blessed shall inherit earth russell emphasis existence implicit power explains people capable social inequality extended period time russell russell quick note invocation human nature come cost ignoring exceptional personal power following extent echoing separates individuals classes particular situation love power russell tells probably motivated complexes resentment father lust mother drives love death drives constitute basis human drives etc sense arises exceptional deep rooted self confidence russell person successful mental social factors instance tend internal confidence relatively lacking follow russell reality actually possessed genuine skill source power arise hereditary religious role russell non persons include submit ruler withdraw entirely situation confident competent candidate leadership withdraw situation lack courage challenge particular authority temperament simply means acquire power usual methods entirely indifferent matters power developed sense duty russell accordingly tend prefer passionate crowd sympathetic subject opposite preferences interested mob given emotion reflection russell try engineer layers belief crowd superficial layer power enemy great courage necessary deeper layer firm conviction victory russell contrast seek sense belonging felt crowd feel alike russell given person crisis confidence placed terrifying situation tend behave predictable way submit rule greater relevant task second surround mass persons share similarly low level confidence people submit rule leader kind emergency solidarity russell forms power begin russell interested classifying different ways human power calls forms power forms subdivided influence persons psychological types influence russell understand organisations operate russell explains understand basic methods exercise power understand manner individuals persuaded follow authority russell breaks forms influence general categories power force power conditioning group power propaganda habit russell explain form russell provides illustrations power mere force like tying rope pig belly lifting ship ignoring cries power likened things conditioning exemplified circus animals trained perform trick audience group leader sheep dragged chains rest flock follow finally power propaganda akin use stick influence behaviour sense persuaded making certain actions following avoiding stick benefit russell russell makes distinction traditional revolutionary naked forms psychological influence russell psychological types overlap forms influence respects instance naked power reduced russell types distinct units analysis require separate treatments naked economic power force absence forms called naked power words naked power ruthless force desire attempt consent cases sources naked power fears powerless ambitions powerful russell example naked power russell recalls story son potter syracuse russell russell argues naked power arises government certain social conditions governance traditional beliefs decayed period naked power end foreign conquest creation stability rise new religion russell process organisation sufficient prominence able exercise naked power described rule phases russell according rule begins crowd eventually produces conquest means naked power eventually outlying population transforms naked power traditional power finally traditional power taken hold engages suppression dissent use naked power russell economic power parallel power conditioning russell unlike economic power primary derives combination forms power account economics dependent largely functioning law especially property law law large degree function power opinion entirely explained wage labour trade russell ultimately russell argues economic power attained ability defend territory conquer lands possess materials cultivation resources able satisfy demands market russell power opinion russell model power habits persons easy claims hand economic power opinion hand argues case easy power power opinion armies useless soldiers believe cause fighting law generally respected russell admits military force cause opinion exceptions thing opinion power place kind saw pure leading conversion minority force exerted secure rest community shall exposed right propaganda finally genuine belief great majority makes use force unnecessary russell power opinion occur force power creed arises powerful minority willingly adopted creed exception case western science seemingly rose cultural appeal despite unpopular establishment forces russell explains popularity science grounded general respect reason grounded entirely fact science produces technology technology produces things people desire similarly religion advertising propaganda power connections desires audiences russell conclusion reason limited specific sway opinions persons reason effective appeals desire russell russell power reason community contrasted power reason able increase odds success practical matters way technical efficiency cost allowing reasoned inquiry tolerance intellectual disagreement turn power conversely community stronger cohesive widespread agreement certain reasoned debate rare opposing conditions fully exploited short term gains demand things creed held majority opinion force propaganda second majority intellectual class reasoned discussion long term tend provoke light outright disbelief finally russell russell aware power tends hands minority comes power opinion result systematic propaganda monopoly propaganda state surprisingly russell consequences systematic propaganda dire expect russell true monopoly opinion leads arrogance leaders indifference governed lack behalf governed state long term net result delay revolution violent comes doctrine officially allowed men practice thinking weighing alternatives great wave passionate revolt order opposition sufficiently hearted violent achieve success necessary deny true governmental russell contrast contemporary state allow disagreement false established opinions react russell words lies need competition retain russell revolutionary versus traditional power psychological types influence distinction traditional naked revolutionary power naked power noted earlier use legitimacy traditional power russell mind ways people appeal force habit justify political regime sense traditional power psychological historical traditional power entirely based commitment linear historical creed mere habit traditional power need based actual history based imagined fabricated history writes religious secular rate lasting success appealed far tradition lay power elements novelty system russell examples traditional power cases power power russell traces historically certain roles served function early societies priest akin medicine man tribe thought unique powers healing disposal russell contemporary cases priests rely religious social movements grounded charismatic authority effective power religions lack iconic founders russell history king difficult examine researcher speculate origins power advanced war king original function russell forms traditional power come end tends corresponding change traditional doubted alternative traditional authority relies use naked power traditional wholly replaced alternative ones traditional power gives rise revolutionary power russell revolutionary power contrasts traditional power appeals popular creed merely popular habit revolutionary power means end end creed intentions power revolutionary tends naked power time transform traditional power russell revolutionary faces special problems transformation naked power occurs revolutionary power long period achieving resolution key conflict point original goal creed tends forgotten consequently movement change goals mere domination russell second revolutionary deal threat counter revolutionaries faced dilemma revolutionary power definition think original revolution justified contend subsequent revolutions wicked russell transition traditional power possible kinds traditional power kinds revolutionary power soldier fortune divine russell classes soldiers fortune adolf_hitler divine russell nonetheless traditional forms bear imperfect relationship revolutionary forms structure organisations having introduced reader forms power russell applies forms selection organisations purpose discussing organisations common sources social power organization russell means set people share activities directed common goals power russell organizations differ size type common tendency inequality power increase membership increases list types organisation impossible list long list human reasons organise groups russell takes interest small sample organisations army police economic organisations educational organisations organisations law political parties churches recognised societal entities russell researcher measure organisation use communication transportation size distribution power relative population russell improved abilities communicate transport tend larger organisations disrupt smaller ones given organisation easily reduced particular form power instance police army obviously instruments force power simply ability physically police regarded instruments legitimate institution population organisation depends propaganda habit maintain popular authority similarly economic organisations operate use conditioning form money strength economy arguably depends large functional operation law enforcement makes commerce possible regulation peace property rights russell general effect organisation russell believes increase persons aid survival organisation main effects organisations apart resulting governmental self preservation increase individual happiness russell organizations individuals types relationship given individual share given organisation assessed according organisation person line suppression absolute relative organisation benefit person class persons harm example police exist enforce law order general populace suppress criminal russell facilitated organisation kinds include gentleman sage economic magnate political statesman covert manager political wire power parasitic certain kinds organisations certain key traits uniquely advantage russell political wire enjoys power best playing person hereditary power organisation benefits largely air mystery contrast suffers power organizational competent individuals russell suppressed include customers voluntary members members enemies order ascending severity form membership paired typical forms suppression customer thwarted fraud deception beneficial providing customer symbolic pleasure material goods voluntary organisations able threaten sanctions expulsion members voluntary organisations serve positive function providing relatively outlets human passion drama impulse power membership example kind organisation russell state russell organizations directed specifically influencing persons stage life doctors legally obliged deliver baby child grows school parents mass media come fore reach working age economic organisations pull agent attention church institution marriage impact actor obvious ways finally state provide pension elderly russell forms governance forms governance familiar ways organisations set leadership structures ways organisation economic political able seek goals form government merits russell notes monarchy arises naturally form government cohesive monarchy requires remain power population afraid monarch second inner circle supporters inspired confidence implicit lust power russell severe problems monarchy said arise social contract wide population monarchy hereditary royal offspring likely skill governance civil war determine line finally obviously monarch necessarily compelled regard subjects russell rule comes different hereditary landed aristocracy russell argues tends conservative proud stupid brutal russell merchant class earn wealth historically russell account tended clever diplomatic industrial class totally different type behave large relationships employees ideological ideological tend allow monarchy admit heavy censorship rule certain strengths instance likely arrive common agreement immediately revolution represent hereditary economic minority population tend politically conscious active russell democracy rule rule masses positive likely lead civil war alternatives ambivalent feature democracy fact representatives forced compromise stay power curb positive negative tendencies negative good dealing subjects demand expert authority quick decisions democracy easily politicians democracy easily slip popular allows corrupt politicians russell ethics power having completed chapters relevant aspects power social life russell shifts focus philosophical issues connected problems moving new terrain wonders curb efforts love power answers found possible collective actions individual duties positive private morality distinction positive private forms morality positive morality tends associated traditional power following ancient principles narrow focus example norms marital law personal morality associated revolutionary power following conscience russell dominant social system impact reigning positive moral codes population system dominant greater emphasis culture wisdom elderly russell monarchy culture encouraged believe morality submission cultural placed use imagination increase social encouraging self censorship dissent russell power impressive bloom peak power depends opposed power morality conscience faces threat wide russell moral convictions source power elite example treatment homosexuality early twentieth century tied success particular russell russell wonders basis ethics found positive morality russell associates positive morality understands way acting spirit peace fails curb strife russell personal morality ultimate source positive morality grounded intellect russell personal morality deeply connected desires individuals left sole guide moral conduct lead social chaos rebel russell advocating compromise positive private morality russell thing moral progress progress occur revolutions russell second provides method test particular sort private morality form progress individual perceive way life method social organisation desires mankind satisfied existing method truly persuade men adopt reform justified rebellion russell philosophy power individual resistance power opposed forms impulse power seek quell impulse power entirely attempted find escape impulse power resorted forms major proponent approaches philosopher russell perspective views deny power retain interest cause form power russell argues love power actually good thing instance feels certain duty neighbours attempt attain power help neighbours russell sum focus policy ban kinds power certain kinds use power russell emphasised pursuit power virtue rooted love power tend coherent unification pursuit goal desire philosophy truth happiness virtue salvation finally power russell rooted love power forms anti realism certain forms doctrine creative evolution works russell according russell outlook power conditions power ought pursued moral conviction pursued means end end end comparatively lower value goals second ultimate goal help satisfy desires means pursues goal value end instance children sake future democracy russell fourth moral doctrines aim truth honesty manipulation russell enact views russell advises reader discourage cruel arise lack opportunities reader encourage growth skills provide person alternative easier destructive alternatives finally encourage cooperative feeling curb competitive desires russell arbitrary rule issues demanding collective ethical action russell identifies political rule economic competition competition psychological life positive changes spheres collective behaviour russell believed power need arbitrary succeed arbitrary political rule russell says community goal ought encourage democracy russell insists beginning reforms government democracy rule lip service example support dismissed fantastic russell democracy infused respect autonomy persons political body collapse majority prevent result people developed sense separation collective respect discretion individual russell collective action restricted domains treat problems primarily geographical include issues transportation electricity external threats second ought kind individual freedom poses major threat public order instance speech breaking law russell exception rule minority densely certain defined area case political outlook size government russell encounters dilemma notes smaller democracy empowerment citizen feels larger democracy citizen interests situations result voter fatigue russell possible solutions problem organise political life according interests organise according interest groups russell federal government sensible russell limited defined powers russell advocates creation world government sovereign nation states russell view function world government ensure avoidance war pursuit peace russell world stage democracy impossible power particular individual comparison entire human race final suggestion political policy reform notion ought political balance branch public service lack balance public institutions creates forces turn undermine democracy russell conditions necessary achievement balance advocates abolition legal standing confessions evidence remove incentive extraction confession torture police russell second creation dual branches police investigate particular crimes innocence accused guilt russell competition russell word uses meant refer competition companies speak competition states classes rivals workers etc topic russell ultimately wishes answer questions kinds cases competition technically secondly cases desirable non technical grounds russell asking questions concerns directly mind economic competition competition propaganda question economic competition requires examination perspectives moral point view technical point view view technician certain goods services provided efficiently authority russell economic fact bigger organisations capable producing items certain standard best suited fill needs geographical nature railways water treatment contrast smaller organisations like businesses best suited create products local russell view competition states moral plane competition modern businesses russell russell account economic power political power capable devastation democratic countries important private organisations economic unlike secret societies able exercise terrorism threaten kill enemies russell morally equivalent surprising cure political identical cure economic ones institution democracy economic political spheres russell economic democracy russell means kind democratic socialism involves select industries railways water television order operate effectively argues social system power distributed society highly autonomous persons russell russell careful indicate support rests assumption accomplished auspices robust democracy condition fail undesirable delivering warning russell distinction ownership control points allow citizens collectively industry guarantee control industry way shareholders parts companies control company ultimately rests ceo russell control propaganda matter forming argument russell specifically targets doctrines russell argues mill argument freedom speech weak long balanced harm principle speech worth protecting political reasons likely cause somebody harm example citizen ought opportunity governors surely harm governor russell russell replaces mill analysis examination issue perspectives perspective governor citizen philosopher rational governor threatened revolutionary activities expected ban speech calls assassination governor advised allow freedom speech prevent diminish discontent subjects reason suppress ideas unrelated governance instance doctrine citizen mainly understands free speech extension right violence russell tend care free speech engage innovation despite social resistance separated categories hard believe doctrine exclusion seek protect emphasise revolutionary transitions begin rational guidance supportive free speech direction future progress recognise free exchange ideas philosopher free speech allows people engage rational doubt grow duties russell case citizen right dissent decide governor russell believes true public square operated state run media outlets like bbc charged duty provide wide range points view political matters certain topics like art science competition ideas guaranteed russell final discussion work concerned russell views education russell citizens healthy democracy virtues russell sense self reliance confidence necessary autonomous action required submit majority spoken russell chapter power significantly question inspire confidence students educator point view major conditions necessary citizen student free hatred fear impulse submit russell economic opportunities impact student temperament regard economic reforms need create opportunities reform education system necessary particular foster student kindness curiosity intellectual commitment science common trait students scientific mind sense balance russell student good instructors emphasise reason rhetoric russell indicates critical mind essential feature healthy citizen democracy collective greatest threats democracy russell foster critical mind suggests teacher ought students consequences pursuing feelings thoughts example teacher allow students choose field trip different locations fantastic place given dull overview place recommended impressive advertisements teaching history teacher examine particular event multitude different perspectives allow students use critical assessments russell cases object encourage self growth willingness tentative judgment evidence russell work ends following words powerful men inherited ideals children think material manipulate person natural affection young horrible teach children avoid destroyed motor cars teach avoid destroyed cruel task liberal education sense value things domination help create wise citizens free community combination citizenship liberty individual enable men human life shown achieve russell historical context power written mind political marred headlines day work appeared brink world war contains pointed reference nazi_germany fascist italy reference persecution german russell remarks treat current affairs men hate exploit torture recently given reverence preached different way life russell emphasis added remarked russell outlook 1930s foreign domestic policies successive national governments repelled triumph regimes continent seemingly march war brought wake war avoided convinced european wide conflict herald new dark age russell gave voice way peace reasoned defence expression russell ultimately new analysis hand russell hoped arbitrary power hoped stable world government composed sovereign nation states eventually arise dissuade nations engaging war context argument years dissolution years creation united_nations times work russell mentions desire kind socialism root true convictions time phase career convinced guild socialism critical reception russell famous interests history politics social philosophy public intellectual russell wrote topics wide receptive audience scholar writes russell prolific output spanned range philosophical political thought probably widely read lifetime philosopher history griffin writings political philosophy relatively neglected working social sciences point view commentators power proven exception trend russell later comment work fell flat wrote preface introduction edition respectively observed relative lack success work russell viii reason power obscure competing texts political philosophy written historical style keeping theoretical goals remarked responsibility reception rests book work political political theory fact offer comprehensive new social analysis fashion new tools social investigation applicable study power times places russell review written half century past original writing volume respects way work immediate reception russell contemporaries wrote contribution social science study government volume disappointing volume russell shows superficial familiarity progress study social phenomena special field social research techniques inquiry materials assembled interpretations developed doubtful author knows going world social science preface work states usual look russell opinions able find russell scholars like found work use russell routinely praised treatment philosophical issues commentator quoted griffin observes years preceding publication referring russell theory practically immune criticism similar phenomenon contemporary philosophy power later works social philosophy obviously takes form series examinations semi related topics narrative dominated historical illustrations emphasised strengths treatise remarking understood enjoyable history anticipating history western philosophy ranging wider russell vii autobiography russell summarised implications power new social analysis chapter listing
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Power: A New Social Analysis
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Philosophy and religion
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Philosophy
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Philosophical doctrines, teachings, texts, events, and symbols
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8996_Irenaeantheodicy
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christian designed respond problem evil defends probability powerful perfectly loving god face evidence evil world numerous variations proposed maintain evil exists god responsible creating evil guilty creating evil typically asserts world best possible worlds allows humans fully develop versions propose creation incomplete humans fully developed experiencing evil suffering necessary development second century philosopher theologian named proposed stage creation process humans require free experience evil develop early christian theologian presented response problem evil cast world hospital soul theologian argued ought considered father kind argued nineteenth century god necessarily create world best possible world allows god purposes naturally fulfilled philosopher discussed similarities preceding calling supported view creation incomplete argued world best placed moral development humans presents genuine moral choices british philosopher proposed free moral choice humans experience consequences actions natural evil exist provide choices development process theology challenged tradition teaching god power limited responsible evil twentieth century philosopher supported idea world best possible world arguing good world including god infinite goodness evil proposing ultimate good god sacrifice jesus necessitated existence evil free defence trying logical compatibility evil existence god probability god challenged instrumental use suffering suggesting love expressed suffering states beauty love evident love continue grow withstand overcome evil acts argued magnitude suffering excessive cases lead moral development french theologian criticised arguing view free similarly important outline identified form evil god love written distinguished based free casts god responsible evil justified distinguished acceptance god responsible evil fault problem evil response problem evil raises problem powerful perfectly loving god exists evil world evidence evil world existence god attempts demonstrate existence god remains probable despite occurrence evil creation development humans according tradition humans created perfectly state teaches creation stages humans created image god created likeness god humans imperfect second stage incomplete potential humans reach perfection achieve likeness god humans refined developed proposes evil suffering exists world best way humans develop referred soul making phrase taken poet greatest possible world typical variations notion present world greatest possible world best possible worlds based idea human development suggesting best possible world best suited human development world containing evil suffering allow development better world considered best possible world development second century philosopher developed based idea creation humans progress proposed creation consists distinct parts image god likeness god believed stage complete second stage requires humans develop grow likeness god stage believed progress believed order achieve moral perfection humans given free choice actual possibility choosing evil argued humans free god distance intellectual distance humans far belief god remains free choice saw purpose world development moral character humans believed good world best suited purpose believed world include suffering evil help people draw closer god perceived god declaration book genesis creation good mean world fit purpose free suffering illustrate benefits suffering cited biblical example book suffering whale enabled god plan fulfilled brought closer god ended sin people turn god based literal interpretation bible especially book revelation believed years suffering world ends fiery purge fire believers ahead new human community existing proposed focuses time space looked forward time humans fully developed live life god early christian theologian presented suffering necessary development human beings theologian argued closely aligned beliefs ought called metaphors world school hospital souls god teacher physician suffering plays healing role reading exodus books solomon casts human development progression series stages place life death believed humans eventually reach heaven logical conclusion god hell metaphor souls nature goes hell original nature created god goes heaven scott argues significant aspects theology mean stronger continuation aspects treatment presentation world hospital progression advocates human soul early 19th century wrote speeches christian faith proposing later identified nature began asserting god concluded god create proposed perfect creation wrong suggested evil created god good reason conceived perfect world god purposes naturally achieved ultimately lead dependence god conceived sin humanity dependence god arguing inevitable citing jesus example man consciousness god theology led arguing god saved person alter proceed definite assumption belonging human race eventually taken loving fellowship christ single divine fore published evil god love developed based work distinguished based free based human development framed attempt respond problem evil light scientific development darwin theory evolution alternative traditionally accepted rejecting idea humans created perfectly fell away perfection instead argued humans process creation interpreted fall man described book genesis mythological description current state humans notion stage creation supported belief second stage created likeness god progress argued created image god means potential knowledge relationship god fulfilled creation likeness god complete humanity currently exists image god developed spiritual maturity proposed human morality developed experience evil argued possible humans know god choose free acknowledges suffering serve purpose instead damages individual appealing concept mystery argues suffering beneficial humans impossible humans develop compassion sympathy know suffering certainly benefit element mystery suffering effect people suffer benefit allows feelings compassion sympathy emerge value placed free result belief necessary genuine love believed love freely chosen genuinely loving god argued created humans free held possible god create beings freely choose good argued genuine relationship requires possibility rejection notion humans existing distance god influenced ensure free choice belief god argued world pain suffering prevent moral development world fixed structure structure subject divine intervention preventing humans coming harm argued leave humans unable help harm allowing moral choices preventing moral development nature required propose humans fully morally developed proposed theory arguing humans eventually reach heaven believed benefit purpose eternal hell render moral development eternal suffering hell explained terms human development rejected despite reject existence hell outright living morally life irrelevant argued hell exists mythological concept warning importance life british philosopher proposed version based view free view free actions caused outside agent argued order people free moral decisions aware consequences decisions knowledge consequences based experience rejected idea god knowledge arguing humans question reliability argued humans hand experience natural evil order understand consequences moral evil god humans moral free allow human suffering conceived hell separation god rejecting notion eternal physical punishment argued people chosen reject god lives continue death reception process theology development process theology presented challenge doctrine proposes god suggests power restricted unable prevent certain evil events occurring process theology accepts god indirect responsibility evil maintains power bring good introduction process theology argued suffering bring good suffering valuable harm good process theologian contested utility soul making argued god pain ends griffin regarded immoral phillips philosopher phillips published problem evil problem god presenting challenge phillips maintained work humans incapable fully understanding god presented understanding moral diversity human existence reference suffering holocaust rejected presents suffering instrumental arguing suffering justified regardless good comes russian novelist presented similar argument novel brothers final argument given nature work novel character presents account incredible cruelty innocent people children brother following asks brother choose architect eternal happiness mankind come existence torture innocent child necessary evil eternal happiness come existence consent architect conditions tell honestly wouldn agree said quietly work nature states love christ showed people people final stance novel good face evil beauty save world writing internet encyclopedia philosophy rejected unsatisfactory argued magnitude suffering experienced people excessive supporting view suffering endured terminal illnesses moral development illnesses fall seemingly immoral need development challenged suffering animals young children instances suffering serve useful purpose lead moral development finally questioned current universe best possible world moral development humans citing examples die young experience great pain learn people suffer little learn suggested world suited human development french theologian criticised theory argued free vital receive salvation humans choose reject god attempt address issue argued free action reflects character person humans created bias choose salvation proposed accept level going way
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Irenaean theodicy
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Philosophy and religion
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Philosophy
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Philosophical doctrines, teachings, texts, events, and symbols
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10671_CaptivityofMangaloreanCatholicsatSeringapatam
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captivity catholics captivity catholics year imprisonment catholics christians indian region facto ruler estimates number captives range generally accepted figure stated sultan captivity period community history cause disputed historians consider happened political religious reasons owing alliance british second anglo war community flourished regime father ali soon inherited territory january issued orders seize christians estates orders carried february thousand christians died journey captivity suffered extreme hardships torture death christians forcibly converted islam captivity led near community ended killed british battle fourth anglo war christians taken captive alive retained original faith episode deep impact literature catholics centennial anniversary christians release captivity celebrated region background roman catholics district south western coast india jurisdiction diocese generally known catholics people speak earlier records christians lost time known christianity introduced possible syrian christians settled region south 13th century italian traveller polo recorded considerable trading activities red_sea scholars foreign christian merchants visiting coastal towns period commerce christian priests possibly accompanied evangelical work french dominican south western france arrived according historian concrete evidence found permanent settlements christians 16th century region began arrival portuguese landed islands planted cross voyage portugal india portuguese explorer arrived missionaries leadership arrival converted natives christianity region portuguese took possession portuguese began slowly spreading christianity descended mainly catholic settlers migrated state north major waves wave immigrants came escape trials migrants welcomed native rulers agricultural skills followed second major wave precipitated portugal wars final influx immigrants arrived portugal wars late 17th early 18th centuries according historian numbered time capture ali ali according writer capital home community catholics severely harassed following decades churches destroyed priest house confiscated destruction undertaken king finance minister priest house eventually returned church church built suburb face local opposition relations catholics improved anti christian led expulsion resident priest forbidden preach anti christian demonstrations followed relations improved groups period priests protested taxes punished legend wrestlers court ali born northern joined distinguished took wars gained depth experience warfare ali rapidly rose power court soon prime minister general king onwards took facto control throne dynasty occupied maintained relations christians states general relations christians form chapter entirely lost close friends catholic priests protestant missionary lived court involved suppressing jesuit order army included catholic soldiers allowed christians build church french generals offered prayers priests visited historian mentions administrative purposes accordance treaties concluded portugal allowed portuguese priests settle disputes christians despite christians general hated ali heavy taxes pay king treasury february british captured end year son defeated british recaptured conquest informed helped british conquest believed behaviour amounted sovereign portuguese officer christian priests asked suggestions punished portuguese officer suggested death penalty catholics helped british standard punishment sovereign follow advice chose diplomatic stance imprisoned christians found guilty instead executing later opened negotiations portuguese agreement reached suspicions clergy christians removed longer regime catholic community continued flourish historians claim extremely tolerant christians according historian followed policy religious tolerance christians beginning christians revolted second anglo war began led death december british recaptured fort causes succeeded father age taken conquest accused sovereign having helped british aware treatment muslims portuguese clergy resented father favourable policy british army commander chief brigadier general landed march captured fort orders christians allegedly recruited army infuriated christians reasons firstly french soldiers laid arms peace paris treaty christians refused fight secondly christians lent sum led believe helping british accused suspended colonel received provisional command strategic fort assaults fort january resulted failure looking wounded garrison colonel campbell considered futile hold longer finally delivered fort british january march signed treaty bringing end second anglo war states christians acted spies guided british whilst historian points christians helped colonel campbell fort adjoining towns providing rice vegetables meat men money letter superiors colonel campbell strongly commended role regiment led native major named brave defence fort refers troops native christians points christians entered league enemies plotted english overthrow states head congregation church near provided british garrison bags rice points christians eager rid history diocese christians charged assisting british second anglo war number accusations christians including invited british invade furnished supplies assisted army landed took possession accompanied british detachment provided supplies march aided british repairing fort besieged plundered state treasury fortress fell receiving highly exaggerated reports role christians help british second anglo war decided threat kingdom british christians according decision logical outcome plans time conquest father generally believed propaganda priests alliance christians english cause community main political reason decision belief banished christians british bay dismisses idea large scale christian support british second war myth based concrete evidence states charge christians constituted united sustained apart viewpoints christian community time argues difficulties communication minority christian population spread kilometres forested coastline broken numerous streams rivers united action practically impossible states majority catholics farming land capable growing crops year idea fields cause small band british isolated confines fort besieged large army sounded insane british promises little effect militarily inexperienced christians fight large trained army support army successful basis colonel campbell letter concludes native christian soldiers present fort probably east indian infantry artillery experts belonging bombay natives believes best assistance limited nature restricted purely individual enterprise points european troops english french including mercenaries receive assistance humanitarian military states claim christians paying british utter point points annual revenue portuguese province amounted payment huge sum claimed required large number wealthy donors catholics execution orders soon gained possession january issued orders seizure christians estates subsequent capital fort route expelled priests kingdom issued orders expulsion fined threatened death hanging returned banished close friend father ali letter wrote priests sentences capital punishment ordered fine million instead according report driven missionaries state secretly went join captives died route killed soldier missionaries warned faced death penalty entered kingdom february ash wednesday secret planned arrested large number christians province parts kingdom accounts number captives range according historian arrests single day instead carried stages issued orders seize christians british entered treaty march helpless captives included tamil countries portuguese guardians christian faith intervened requested priests suggested let christians live peacefully father ali paid request estimates suggest people remained hiding actively assisted whilst christians escaped initial captivity fled protected native rulers property destruction churches orders estates properties christians seized distributed soldiers churches historical records destroyed sudden christians time prepare departure dispose little property possessed value property confiscated estimated italian jesuit ordered destruction churches according oral tradition mosque constructed stones destroyed christian establishments spared converted offices homes wealthy muslims popular fortification built prevent english warships entering river constructed stones taken destroyed churches bells demolished churches eventually found way number temples area informed impending friend government disbanded sent proceeded joined order buildings escaped destruction including small chapel near built said saved muslim officers pretext store cotton spared church account father friendship said given orders preserve church near gratitude cure christian woman portuguese saved local chiefs battalion catholics officer named hearing order destroy church called fellow soldiers arms veteran army credited telling assembled christians shall remain christian spite orders church spared battalion gradually dispersed journey according manuscript written return christians interned holding camps rebellious christians brought chains forced climb nearly feet dense western mountain ranges routes route falls route miles journey christians accompanied priests secretly joined despite threats expulsion trouble arose guards began captive christian women camp able bodied captives able resist guards camp fort rebel christian leaders thrown fort town cross roads derives large pool blood resulted execution rebellious catholics march according captive pregnant women gave birth route babies borne bundled rested suspended branches trees happened die buried spot captives given rations time came finished cooking leave rice cooking manuscript records suggest captives total died march hunger disease ill treatment soldiers journey took weeks captives half original number perished year captivity arrival christian captives forced embrace islam complied freed refused tied feet elephants dragged orders english prisoner related regiments soldiers arrived daily select girls prizes join girls seized young men offer resistance smash officers capture attackers administer strokes effects men died reports demanded surrender daughters christians order placed refusal parents ears upper lips cut streets faces tails animals treatment christians girls confirmed accounts british officer held captive book captivity escape james detained prisoner years reports relented demand captive girls captive fell beast expired spot loss blood young women selected rest women distributed wives muslim officers favourites living future christian young girls women lost descendants fully islamic today food camp sub standard catholic nobleman offered captured catholics came known legendary punishment refused accept islam ears seated city thrown dungeons able bodied young christian men drafted army converted islam manuscript records occasions young able bodied christian men drafted army appointed supplied butter etc men formed company companies placed company men taken end month wounds healed taken company initiated british general arrives figure young men capable bearing arms formed drafted went serve campaigns british casualties heavy survived captivity remained lame blind aged employed land manual work carry filled days public warning christians given tasks work fields immediately imprisoned fighting completely isolated women idea captive men die old age creating appointed christian captives posts household deputy house chamberlain faithful servants catholic named saved life donned master robes sat escaped general panic whilst captured killed erupted revolt threw forces marched capital addressed showed racial religious bias stating guilty speech gathering sub group threatened single individual instead muslims homeland speech false accusations open threat angered hated revolted seized nearly held captive forcibly converted islam received harsh treatment captured deported half christians perished disease starvation attempted preach remaining christians took custody christians settled slowly reorganised elders forming secret group named help faith alive according christians met time time deliberate issues concerning community came know group officers banned political gathering christians christians believing came neglect law god religious duties began read epic poem life jesus christ written discovering muslims destroyed books christians constructed subterranean perform religious read books strengthen faith according survivor captivity person escaped found punishment ordered ears nose feet hand reports confirm christians forcibly converted islam christians openly practised islam writers hold view christians voluntary submit conversions christian missionaries appealed roman_catholic_church intervene behalf captive christians priest wrote letter holy pressure allow priests embassy visited court french king pope representative conveyed appeal embassy anglo war british allies defeated desperate break alliance powers surrounding sides sought peace portugal powers according consequently gave persecution christians opened negotiations promise stop christians asserting rebuild destroyed churches cost christians found supervision relaxed attitude christians escaped camps gradually began enter neighbouring kingdoms time christians performed daring feats rescue captives places safety captive named brother rose high rank services particularly proficient rescued people took secretly proposed anxious regain liberty rescued payment certain sum money fixed rescue price captive male female managed escape captivity aid british armies lord able regain treaty english allies anxious kingdom welcomed fugitive remain permanently territory granted privileges obtained priest built chapel policies onwards christians began catholic students studied returned considering changed circumstances provision issued february appointed interim vicar sub districts priests came new vicar retained old accept rule openly advocating rebellion writing offensive letters making offensive speeches result brief enjoyed christians ceased persecution end captivity establishment battle british army officers stormed fortress breached town killed death fourth anglo war catholics freed captivity christians taken captive christians british general helped return remaining christians freed thousand went hundreds settled according returned whilst migrated bombay presidency mentions persons returned according present catholic community descended entirely small group survivors returned soon death detachment bombay army lieutenant colonel took possession june entire province exception fortress appointed collector june remained post october accompanied officers control administration issued christian estates taken non christians captivity determining ownership land sent christians investigate report estates assistance church support christians able recover lands estates british took census region people living christians residing houses according census entire province people christian population recorded catholic priest appointed vicar lady december took lot interest establishment community later appointed collector whilst collector took active establishment possessions recovery estates constructed church completed churches destroyed rebuilt christians relocation jurisdiction archbishop christian population doubled total estimated total population according parish books dating time catholics numbered whilst christians numbered long catholics prosperous influential community consisting mainly tile manufacturers competed local offices services british rule community prospered criticism roman catholic british writers severely criticised policies treatment christians british general referred furious fanatic british colonel south india cites account mentions cause arose rage islam began breast informed circumstances spread christianity according historian shifted hatred british south indian christian communities mentions justification conversion portuguese domination muslims forcibly converted christianity proclaimed actions punishment conversion muslims christianity according historian reasons captivity primarily religious found social customs christians fondness pork social acceptance alcohol saw community religious zeal evidence states mention large scale christian conspiracy writings sultan action instead arising rage islam began breast asserts hatred christians compounded fears shared faith european christians viewed potential fifth column event british attack adds future territorial ambitions wanted rid potential dissent christians domain according confessions prominent catholics fabricated evidence large scale christian conspiracy knew wasn true contemporary scholars like analysed religious policies christians conclude religious argue conversions islam purely political religious reasons forced conversions carried punishment christians supported british native conversions came warnings views catholic community considers bitter religious ferocious remains hated personality community century captivity ended catholic historian civil servant british bombay presidency wrote article published chronicled contemporary developments views closing decades 19th century people classes belonging especially christians suffered regime terror welcomed british sense relief joy hope future peace prosperity felt india advent british ancestors disappointed found main object british rule india secure happiness people held criticism christians thirty years event apparent lack resistance christian captives drew criticism french priest letters dated commented single individual thousands courage confess faith trying martyr religion writers concluded acceptance islam christians amounted partial remembrance captivity mid-19th century bishop erected large cross outskirts near hills honour memory catholics died march captivity release captivity widely celebrated community catholics walked kilometre route forced christians follow commemorative march ended accounts captivity arabic record treatment prisoners sultan campaigns recorded arabic inscriptions south wall mosque dated inscriptions arabic min min persian bar bar sad bar bar sad tan sad tan dad aid islam bar english translation god said caused received scriptures assisted come fortresses cast hearts terror dismay captives god caused inherit land houses wealth land god flight ordered war continued assisted breaking league muslims muslim army besieged days nights reduced distress came order given males sword women children slaves goods divided muslims prophet blessing peace god addressing said pronounced high ordered seven skies god refers event says brought fortresses assisted protected believers jews god cast hearts terror prophet army killed numbered seven women children slaves inherited land gardens fields houses fortified places property consisting money cattle given god saying likewise applies turkey persia spoken order country muslims possession day included passage god survivor captivity popular culture historical novels grace god sign knights gates hell deal captivity catholics novels catholic community eighteenth century portrayed brave portrayed hard hearted self control
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Captivity of Mangalorean Catholics at Seringapatam
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Philosophy and religion
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Philosophy
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Philosophical doctrines, teachings, texts, events, and symbols
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13622_Eliminativematerialism
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called position philosophy mind primary claim people common sense understanding mind folk psychology false certain classes mental states people believe exist argue coherent basis found everyday psychological concepts belief desire poorly defined argue psychological concepts behaviour experience judged reduce biological level versions non existence conscious mental states pain visual perceptions stands opposition argues mental state defined research result detailed different understanding intermediate position argue mental state question prove somewhat physical phenomena changes common sense concept class entities view class entities exist example tends soul modern modern existence relatively new idea certain classes mental entities common sense takes granted beliefs desires sensation pain exist common versions attitudes expressed paul experience expressed philosophers appeal illusion claims future research fail find basis mental phenomena necessarily wait science progress question position grounds philosophers like argue necessary order open minds new evidence better explanations overview arguments forth years arguments favor view based assumption people view mind actually implicit theory compared contrasted scientific theories explanatory success accuracy ability allow people correct predictions future argue based criteria folk psychology failed eventually need replaced explanations derived philosophers tend emphasize importance research developments artificial intelligence sustain thesis philosophers argue approaches simulation like argue folk psychology theory depends internal simulation subject way theories argues folk psychology fact successful theory view assumes existence beliefs entities seeks eliminate self maintains common sense understanding mind mistaken day reveal mental states talked everyday discourse words intend believe desire love refer real natural languages people mistakenly think beliefs desires claim consciousness exist brain function claim concept eventually eliminated progresses consciousness folk psychology separate issues possible stance roots writings term introduced describing version endorsed later important inspiration particularly attack private objects early confused different notions sort elimination term entailed hand claimed sciences ultimately people correct account workings mind employ terms refer common sense mental states like beliefs desires states mature science critics immediately countered view indistinguishable identity theory mind wondered exactly hand philosophers claimed common sense mental states simply exist critics pointed ways mental states exist ultimately explained terms lower level processes modern clearly expressed view mental phenomena simply exist eventually eliminated people thinking brain way demons eliminated people thinking mental illness minority view 1960s gained prominence acceptance 1980s proponents view parallels previous theories theory vital force theory life successfully eliminated attempting establish thesis nature mental cases science produced detailed versions reductions theories rejected altogether obsolete radical skinner argued folk psychology obsolete replaced descriptions histories reinforcement punishment views eventually abandoned argued folk psychology gradually replaced matures motivated philosophical considerations prediction form future scientific theories philosophers tend concerned data coming relevant brain sciences addition essentially nature different different predictions aspects folk psychology eliminated folk psychological vocabulary philosophers court today view closely associated philosophers paul deny existence attitudes intentional states generally considered phenomenal aspects consciousness way difference views view comes attitudes concerning anti respect attitudes concerning arguments problems folk theories paul argue folk psychology fully developed non theory human behavior explain predictions human mental states behavior view referred theory mind simply theory theory theory existence theory theory scientific sense maintain folk psychology needs evaluated basis power explanatory success research program investigation mind brain developed different arguments folk psychology seriously mistaken theory needs abolished argue folk psychology traditionally mistaken important mental phenomena examined explained modern examples dreaming consciousness mental disorders learning processes memory abilities furthermore argue folk psychology development years significant theory ancient greeks folk psychology comparable modern views contrast lack development rapidly progressing science complex view explain processes folk psychology folk psychology retains characteristics obsolete theories legends past ancient societies tried explain physical mysteries nature mental conditions statements sea angry gradually everyday folk psychological explanations replaced efficient scientific descriptions today argue reason accept effective scientific account people abilities explanation existed need folk psychological explanations behavior eliminated way mythological explanations line argument induction based view disastrous historical record folk theories general ancient pre scientific theories folk biology folk physics folk proven radically wrong argue case folk psychology logical basis making exception folk psychology lasted longer intuitive plausible folk theories warn considerations intuitive precisely result deeply entrenched nature society folk psychology people beliefs states theory laden external perceptions tend biased favor specific problems folk psychology folk psychology involves intentional states specifically attitudes point states generally ascribed properties example language thought hypothesis attributes linguistic properties mental phenomena argue characteristics place speak action frequencies effects continuous distributed nature structures assumed folk psychology place structure brain responses hand philosophers deny mental states linguistic nature straw man argument view represented language thought assert mental states realized functional higher level happening physical level argued folk psychology mental states like belief imply qualities specifically meaning determined things external world makes difficult explain play roles supposed processes recent years argument fortified theory models brain developed processes language learning forms representation highly distributed parallel tend indicate need endowed entities beliefs desires arguments intuitive reservations thesis obviously wrong critics claim people know immediately minds unnecessary sort pumping illustrated asking happens asks oneself honestly mental states object position claiming mistaken history science frequently invoked observation appear obvious sun travels earth example apparent conception proved wrong similarly appear obvious apart events mental conditions equally turn false accepts error people objection existence mental conditions perfectly obvious central people conception world enormously strong arguments needed order successfully deny existence mental conditions furthermore arguments consistent need formulated way pre suppose existence entities like mental states logical arguments ideas self contradictory accept objection arguments favor far weak establish radical claim reason believe self philosophers attempted sense self theory existence mental phenomena true permit intentional property like truth order assert believe asserted thesis believe true case beliefs claim false reply objection theories avoid like true expressing real property instead logical devices asserting sentence true quoted way asserting sentence god exists true god exists way argue replacements claims accounts true coherent self problem consideration human beings undergo experiences conscious mental states generally regarded characteristics mental states existence compatible respond rejecting seen problematic opponents claim existence perfectly obvious philosophers consider elimination assert instance existence pain simply denial admitting existence obvious states theoretical term outdated stemming argues precise analysis shows term long run contradictions claim respect evidence experiences regarded attitudes influenced philosophical investigations defended portions mental accepted folk psychology philosophers simply argue folk psychology successful theory simulation doubt people understanding mental explained terms theory argue people understanding based internal act respond similar situations believes folk psychology success theory makes effective way communication everyday life implemented words effectiveness achieved complex terminology
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Eliminative materialism
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Philosophy and religion
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Philosophy
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Philosophical doctrines, teachings, texts, events, and symbols
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15278_Divinecommandtheory
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divine command theory divine command theory known theological ethical theory proposes action status morally good equivalent commanded god theory asserts moral determined god commands person moral follow commands followers religions ancient modern times accepted importance god commands establishing morality numerous variants theory presented historically figures including presented versions divine command theory recently proposed modified divine command theory based god morality linked human right wrong argued favour theory christian viewpoint divine motivation theory proposes god motivations commands source morality challenges divine command theory proposed philosopher argued commanded god morally identical meaning believed defining obligation difficult contended knowledge god required morality divine command theory moral saw weakness theory challenged theory grounds arguing god command morality world possible worlds addition dilemma proposed presented dilemma threatened leave morality subject god challenge divine command theory criticised apparent god moral autonomy religious scholars attempted defend theory challenges general form forms divine command theory presented past philosophers including william theory generally teaches moral truth exist independently god morality determined divine commands stronger versions theory assert god command reason good action moral weaker variations cast divine command vital component greater reason theory asserts good actions morally good result commanded god religious believers form divine command theory premises adherents believe moral obligation obedience god commands morally right god desires offered version divine command theory began casting ethics pursuit supreme good delivers human happiness argued achieve happiness humans love objects worthy human love correct manner requires humans love god allows correctly love ethics proposed act loving god enables humans properly orient loves leading human happiness supported view ordered soul desirable consequence morality unlike believed achieving ordered soul higher purpose living accordance god commands view morality believed higher authority god acting philosopher argued moral obligations god away humans love love god proposed moral god commands moral command argued natural law contains self evidently true god statements false means commands natural law depend god commands found tablet consist obligations god suggested rest god makes morally god commands presented defence divine command theory based moral theory proposed theory natural law asserted moral works purpose human existence human nature determine moral clark argued god created human nature commanded certain morality change right wrong humans ethics cast rejecting divine command theory figures view morality determined duty moral law acting specific end viewed incompatible divine command theory philosopher theologian noted philosophers divine command theory example motives moral law regarded non moral american philosopher takes argument theory morality depends divine authority challenges view arguing ethics seen compatible divine command theory american philosopher proposes calls modified divine command theory adams presents basic form theory asserting statements equivalent wrong contrary god commands proposes god commands moral truths explained terms moral truths way adams writes theory attempt define wrong consists accepts useful christian context dealing criticism seemingly immoral act god commanded proposes god command cruelty sake adams propose impossible god command cruelty nature adams importance faith god specifically faith god goodness existence adams proposes action morally wrong commands loving god cruelty commanded loving adams argued instance god commands theory ethical break proposed divine command morality assumes human concepts right wrong met god commands theory applied case adams theory attempts counter challenge morality arbitrary moral commands based solely commands god founded attempts challenge claim external standard morality prevents god sovereign making source morality character moral law adams proposes christian contexts term wrong mean contrary god commands ethical contexts believes wrong emotional attitude action uses usually adams suggests believer concept morality founded religious belief right wrong tied belief god works god commands believers accept right god commanded believer perceived wrong believer right wrong concept morality break writes modified divine command theory god command cruelty sake argued inconsistent god argued god understood ability things possible attempted idea god inability perform actions challenges austin contends commanding cruelty sake covered defence argued sin falling short perfect action compatible alternative theories argues christian viewpoint man god image god sense morality description actions right wrong relevant god person sense right wrong corresponds god know goodness god moral constitution rights dignity freedom responsibility god designed way reflect god moral goodness image alternative divine command theory proposed divine motivation theory fits framework according theory goodness determined god motives commands divine motivation theory similar virtue ethics considers character agent accordance god standard moral value argues things world objective moral properties given god perception god attitude cast morally good attitude theory casts god good example morality humans imitate virtues possible finite imperfect beings objections objections considered challenge theory grounds arguing commanded god mean thing contrary theory suggests example water having identical meaning propose commanded god identical meaning objection truth divine command theory believed demonstrated theory meaning obligation noted divine command theory imply moral knowledge knowledge god argued case theory deny moral knowledge challenged theory based ideas exist different worlds suggested accepts commanded god morally right synonyms different possible worlds moral motivation noted divine command theory criticised prompting people moral motivations writes objection moral life sought morality valued avoid punishment receive reward punishment reward system motivation seen inadequate dilemma dilemma proposed dialogue scene discussing nature presents dilemma presented question good god commands god command good pious loved gods pious pious loved gods dilemma response action good god commands action god commands action good chosen imply god commands good commanded inflict suffering inflicting suffering moral chosen morality longer dependent god defeating divine command theory additionally god subject external law sovereign challenge orthodox conception god proponents dilemma claim divine command theory obviously wrong answer challenges ability god moral laws william responded biting bullet argued god command people cruel morally proposing limitation god principle non contradiction defended view noting logical possibility god command consider immoral god command actions character responded dilemma appealing doctrine divine simplicity concept associated aristotle suggests substance attributes god identical propose god goodness identical makes commands good american philosopher responded dilemma considering means god morally good divine command theory accepted implies god good commands argued case god goodness distinct moral obligations suggested moral obligation implies possibility agent honour obligation argued possibility exist god morality distinct simply commands contended god supreme standard morality acts according character necessarily good view accepting moral standard recent philosophers challenged theory god goodness consists following commands argued divine command theory accepted god obligations commanded concept god commanding seen god hold virtues virtue disposition follow commands command virtues claiming god chooses good nature means actions argues god act commands logical god reasons actions proposes god motivated morally good commands morally good morally autonomy draws attention objection autonomy argues morality requires agent freely choose principles live challenges view divine command theory god determines good humans longer autonomous followers imposed moral law making autonomy incompatible divine command theory challenges criticism arguing humans choose accept reject god commands rely independent judgement follow austin considers view world religious impossible know god religion commands followed especially religions leaving impossible accept religions interpretations commanded austin notes responses autonomy objection relevant agent choose religion morality judge correct argues divine command theory consistent view moral truths found religions moral revelation found apart religion argue view different religions lead god religions incompatible religions contrasting views example greek gods human weaknesses argue determining god listened remains problem religion contrasting views god exist commands god old new divine command theory religion divine command theory features ethics modern religions including judaism islam faith christianity numerous older religions ancient athens commonly held moral truth tied directly divine commands religious equivalent morality christianity divine command theory commonly associated plausible theory christians traditional conception god creator universe supports idea created moral truths theory supported christian view god powerful implies god creates moral truths moral truths existing independently inconsistent
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Divine command theory
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Philosophy and religion
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Philosophy
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Philosophical doctrines, teachings, texts, events, and symbols
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16800_Argumentfrommorality
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argument morality argument morality argument existence god arguments morality tend based moral moral order arguments moral observe aspect morality argue god best explanation concluding god exist argument moral order based asserted need moral order exist universe claim moral order exist god exist support argument morality noteworthy evaluate argument attending important philosophical issue german philosopher devised argument morality based practical reason argued goal humanity achieve perfect happiness virtue believed exist order possible god exist provide book mere christianity argued conscience reveals moral law source found natural world pointing supernatural lewis argued accepting validity human reason given include accepting validity practical reason valid reference higher cosmic moral order exist god create establish related argument conscience argued conscience supports claim objective moral truths exist drives people act morally interest newman argued conscience suggests existence objective moral truths god exist authority truths general form variations argument morality begin observation moral thought experiences conclude existence god arguments propose moral facts claim evident human experience arguing god best explanation versions describe end humans attain possible god exists arguments morality based moral suggests objective moral truths exist require god existence authority consider morality binding obligations seen convey preference imply obligation stand regardless factors interests morality binding god exist general form argument moral human experience morality observed god best explanation moral experience god exists arguments moral order suggest morality based case moral order universe arguments propose existence god conceived support existence moral order universe god exist alternative arguments moral order proposed obligation attain perfect good happiness moral virtue obliged possible achieving perfect good happiness moral virtue possible natural moral order exists natural moral order requires existence god conceived god exist variations practical reason critique pure reason german philosopher stated successful argument god existence arises reason critique practical reason went argue despite failure arguments morality requires god existence assumed owing practical reason proving existence god attempting demonstrate moral thought requires assumption god exists argued humans obliged bring central aims moral virtue happiness happiness arises virtue ought implies argued possible achieved accepted power humans bring ensure virtue leads happiness higher power power create virtue rewarded happiness notes common objection argument ought necessarily possible argues alternative morality exist rely assumptions makes cites example require argues moral guidance biblical command christ like proposes premises try achieve perfect good actually argument objective moral truths non accepted existence objective moral truths existence god philosopher accepted objective moral truths existed warrant supernatural explanation scottish philosopher presented following argument morality objective absolute god exist morality objective absolute god exist critics challenged second premise argument offering biological account development human morality suggests objective absolute account supported biologist philosopher proposes human experience morality product natural selection theory philosopher calls evolutionary according theory human experience moral obligations result evolutionary pressures attached sense morality human psychology useful moral development moral values exist independently human mind morality better understood evolutionary order genes ultimately reproduce human society today advocates theft murder undoubtedly lead end particular society chance future survival offspring scottish similar argument belief objective moral truths discuss meaningless evolutionary proposes account morality require morality exist considers view lead moral argued evolutionary accepted human morality described absolute objective moral statements right wrong despite lewis argued accept evolutionary act objective moral truths exist leading lewis reject alternative ethical theory lewis offered form divine command theory god goodness treated goodness essential reality asserting god existence challenges premise argument moral arguing shown absolute objective morality morality commanded god simply human invention consent humanity gives moral force example american philosopher argues necessarily true objective moral truths existence god suggesting alternative explanations argues acceptable explanation supernatural explanation necessary god viable alternative martin argues non objective account ethics acceptable challenges view account morality lead moral anarchy conscience related argument morality argument conscience associated eighteenth century bishop nineteenth century cardinal newman proposed conscience giving moral guidance provides evidence objective moral truths supported divine argued inadequate explanation human experience morality people avoid acting interests newman proposed explain conscience god exist british philosopher argued moral rules established conscience differences people lead contradictions noted conscience influenced education company customs country criticism mounted argued conscience seen people agent mind challenges argument conscience account conscience arguing provides adequate explanation conscience need god existence uses example humans social pressures leads fear going norms supernatural cause required argues god mean phenomenon conscience supportive
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Argument from morality
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Philosophy and religion
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Philosophy
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Philosophical doctrines, teachings, texts, events, and symbols
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18849_Kantianethics
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ethics ethics refers ethical theory ascribed german philosopher theory developed result enlightenment based view good thing good action good maxim principle duty moral law central construction moral law acts people regardless interests desires formulated ways principle requires action possible apply people contradiction occurring humanity end requires humans treated merely means end ends autonomy concludes rational agents bound moral law concept requires people act principles actions establish law hypothetical kingdom distinguished perfect imperfect duties perfect duty duty lie holds true imperfect duty duty charity flexible applied particular time place american philosopher cited political philosopher modern debate influence natural law influences development ethics philosophers argued parents teacher influenced ethics influenced ethics include philosopher political philosopher german philosopher criticised providing specific detail moral theory affect decision making denying human nature german philosopher argued ethics attempt describe people behave criticised argued acting duty diminish moral motivations friendship defended theory arguing duty diminish motivations catholic_church criticised ethics contradictory regards christian ethics compatible virtue ethics claim humans dignity respect autonomous agents means medical professionals happy treatments performed patients treated merely useful society approach sexual ethics emerged view humans merely means end leading regard sexual activity condemn certain specific sexual practices feminist philosophers ethics condemn practices prostitution pornography treat women ends believed animals possess duties indirect duties develop immoral cruelty example lying application ethics perfect duty tell truth lie lying bring better consequences telling truth outline work develops ethical theory clearly defined morals critique practical reason morals enlightenment tradition based ethical theory belief reason determine people ought act attempt specific action instructed reason determine behave good duty combined works constructed basis ethical law concept duty began ethical theory arguing virtue good good virtue status virtue achieve immoral ends virtue loyalty good loyal evil person example good unique good maintains moral value fails achieve moral intentions regarded good single moral principle freely chooses use virtues moral ends good broader conception acts duty acts duty distinguishable order moral law special case good visible adverse conditions argues acts performed regard duty moral worth acts performed merely accordance duty worthless deserve approval encouragement special esteem given acts performed duty conception duty people perform duties duty people prompts act comes agent desire moral law agent performs action duty rational incentives matter opposing wished conception morality externally imposed duties present ethics autonomy rational agents freely recognise claims reason makes perfect imperfect duties applying duties arise failure result contradiction conception contradiction classified perfect duties imperfect perfect duty holds true perfect duty tell truth lie imperfect duty allows flexibility imperfect duty obliged completely times choose times places believed perfect duties important imperfect duties conflict duties arises perfect duty followed primary ethics derived distinction hypothetical hypothetical obey want satisfy desires doctor hypothetical obliged obey want regardless desires duty lie regardless circumstances interest morally binding based reason contingent facts agent unlike hypothetical group society owe duties opt opt rational agents owe duty virtue rational agents rational moral principles apply rational agents times act according maxim time universal law acts according rule maxim act willing maxim allows action universal law acts fail test produce contradiction conception contradiction contradiction conception happens maxim sense maxim necessarily destroy soon universal law example maxim break promises trust promises idea promise meaningless maxim self contradictory promises cease meaningful maxim moral impossible conceive world maxim maxim immoral creates contradiction mean logical contradiction maxim leads state affairs rational desire example driver argues maxim charity produces contradiction world gives charity undesirable person acts maxim believed morality objective law reason objective physical laws physical actions fall gravity example objective rational laws rational actions believed perfectly rational perfectly moral perfectly rational finds necessary necessary humans perfectly rational partly act instinct believed humans conform objective rational laws called obligation argued objective law reason existing externally rational physical laws exist prior physical beings rational laws morality exist prior rational beings according rational morality universal change depending humanity end second treat humanity end act way treat humanity person person time end simply means argued rational beings treated merely means ends treated ends requiring reasoned motives equally respected derives claim reason morality demands respect reason motive beings including people rational consent merely means end treated end justified arguing moral obligation rational necessity morally right rational agents end merely means morally treated mean treat human means end treat end formula autonomy expresses idea agent obliged follow rational outside influence believed moral law motivated desire fulfill interest deny leading argue moral law arise rational principle requires people recognize right act means moral laws required person required kingdom ends rational regard giving laws member sovereign kingdom ends rendered possible freedom requires actions considered maxim provide law hypothetical kingdom ends accordingly people obligation act principles community rational agents accept laws community individual accept govern member community treating member merely means end ideal actions people events nature ensure actions good intentions result harm required act legislators ideal kingdom influences ethics suggested strong influences ethics lutheran sect parents emphasised honesty moral living belief concerned feeling believed required concerned morality good second political philosopher work influenced view fundamental worth human beings cites contemporary ethical debates influential development ethics favoured meant viewed morality form knowledge based human desire natural law belief moral law determined nature belief humans intuitive awareness objective moral truths according influential biographer suggested values parents held hard work honesty independence set example influenced suggests influenced teacher influenced work introduced work english physicist significance ethics influenced ethics german philosopher proposed theory discourse ethics claims descendant ethics proposes action based communication involved interests intentions discussed understood rejecting form manipulation believes agreement parties crucial moral decision reached like ethics discourse ethics ethical theory truth attributed ethical rule ethical actions determined proposes ethical actions similar way ethics argues ethical theory improvement ethics rejects framework ethics distinguished phenomena world experienced humans spiritual world inaccessible humans necessary explain autonomy human agent human bound phenomenal world actions free world morality arises discourse necessary needs freedom social contract theory political philosopher developed work theory justice influenced ethics argued society fair achieve proposed hypothetical moment prior existence society society ordered original position place veil ignorance knows position society preventing people biased interests ensuring fair result theory justice rests belief individuals free equal moral regarded human beings possessing degree saw constituents morality equal justice dismissed arguing structure ethics described goals french linked ethics works ethics compared argued maxim pursuit sexual pleasure enjoyment morally acceptable criteria proposed presented human freedom critical moral law argued human freedom fully realised maxim philosopher studied oxford_university contemporary supports approach issues social justice argues successful account social justice rely assumption notes philosophers previously charged humans autonomous beings social context life goals maintains ethics read prefers conception reason practical available humans principles attached human reason tool decisions means thing able principles adopt adopted adopts certain principle reasons adopt use reason reason people reject principles universally adopted way reached adopting view human autonomy model require adopt principles merely prohibits adopting model ethics begins develop theory justice argues rejection certain principles deception provides starting point basic justice argues human beings abstract principles equality liberty principles excessively demanding actions institutions rely non principles injury paper philosopher challenges ethics modern ethical theories arguing actions duty lack certain moral value gives example smith visits friend hospital duty friendship argues visit morally lacking motivated wrong thing attempted defend ethics point presenting number reasons find acting duty argues problems arise people duty acting duty wrong immoral consequences occur people duty bound duty need seen cold duty character improve personal relationships baron argues duty secondary motive motive sets conditions prompts specific actions argues seen way duty reveals natural act motives feelings essential friendship baron governed duty mean duty primary motivation act considerations duty action guiding responsible moral agent interest moral questions questions character guide moral agents act duty critics ethics german philosopher presented main criticisms ethics argued ethics provides specific information people moral law solely principle non contradiction argued ethics lack content constitute supreme principle morality illustrate point followers presented number cases formula universal law provides meaningful answer gives obviously wrong answer example trusted man money argue formula universal law determine social system property morally good thing answer contradictions example helping poor helped poor poor left help impossible making immoral according model second criticism ethics forces humans internal conflict reason desire unnatural humans suppress desire subordinate reason means addressing tension self interest morality ethics humans reason moral german philosopher criticised belief ethics concern ought insisting scope ethics attempt explain interpret actually happens presented version ought perfect world argued ethics instead practical arrive conclusions work real world capable presented solution world problems drew parallel aesthetics arguing cases rules important discipline believed virtue taught person cast proper place morality guiding people behaviour presenting universal laws philosopher friedrich criticised contemporary moral systems special focus christian ethics argued modern ethical systems share problematic characteristics claim nature humanity accepted system force second system benefits interests certain people primary objection claims humanity objected ethical theories claims main targets christianity claims feature prominently criticism rejected fundamental components ethics particularly argument morality god shown reason cast suspicion use moral foundation morality arguing force ethics attempted undermine key concepts moral psychology pure reason like developed concept autonomy rejected idea autonomy requires respect autonomy naturalist reading moral psychology stands contrary conception reason desire model reason fundamentally different motive desire capacity stand situation independent decision self social structure different drives motivations intellect decision drives actually alternative drive taking dominance direct contrast view intellect opposed instinct instead instinct self capable standing making decision decision self makes simply determined strongest drive commentators argued practical philosophy requires existence self capable standing sense individual create values key idea philosophy able conceive unified agent agent influenced drives regard conception autonomy philosopher criticised realising moral laws justified moral based principles greatest good greatest number ought sought mill argued ethics explain certain actions wrong appealing basis morality mill believed principle utility stronger intuitive grounding reliance reason better explain certain actions right wrong virtue ethics virtue ethics form ethical theory character agent specific acts proponents criticised approach ethics criticised modern ethical theories including ethics obsession law obligation arguing theories rely universal moral law rigid suggested moral law implies moral irrelevant modern secular society work virtue arguing trivial immoral pass test promises entire life challenges humanity ends arguing provided reason treat means maxim let treated means seemingly immoral argues persons character persons morality foot identified select group philosophers responsible neglect virtue philosophy catholic_church catholic_church criticised ethics apparent contradiction arguing humans legislators morality claim morality universally existing prior experience dependent humans existed theory inconsistent according human highest authority subject roman catholic priest criticised modern desire ethics autonomous free authorities church development partially attributed saw potentially threatening legitimacy maintained link gospel moral law shortcomings human reason leave place moral authority church regarded christian ethics closer virtue ethics aristotle ethics presented virtue ethics freedom excellence regards freedom acting accordance nature develop virtues initially requires following rules intention agent develop regard acting morally joy contrast freedom indifference attributes view freedom set nature free actions determined emotions development progress agent virtue merely forming habit closer view ethics conception autonomy requires agent merely guided emotions set contrast conception christian ethics applications medical ethics believed shared ability humans reason basis morality ability reason makes humans morally significant believed humans right common dignity respect argues according ethics medical professional happy practices patient example researcher wished perform tests patients knowledge happy researchers argues requirement autonomy mean patient able fully informed decision treatment making immoral perform tests patients medical research motivated respect patient informed facts likely dissuade patient argued autonomy requires patients merely benefit society treated rational people goals notes account autonomy requires respect choices arrived choices arrived non rational means argues difference purely rational agent choose patient actually chooses difference result non rational physician ought lie patient suggests form information prompt non rational response acceptable work ethics treat pregnancy abortion argues abortion defended according ethics proposed woman treated autonomous person control body suggested believes free choice women paramount ethics requiring abortion mother decision noted ethics discussion abortion decided autonomous person argues potential rational participation generally rational species relevant distinction humans objects animals believes humans rational age babies mental disability agents morally treat ends equivalent rational adult mother seeking abortion sexual ethics viewed humans subject desires self preservation species preservation preservation enjoyment argued humans duty avoid harm including suicide sexual degradation led regard sexual intercourse reduces humans object pleasure admitted sex marriage regarded merely animal union believed worse suicide reducing person status animal argued rape punished requires expulsion society feminist philosopher argued contemporary practices deemed immoral standards women sexual harassment prostitution pornography argues women meet standard human autonomy commercial sex criticised turning parties objects means end mutual consent problematic people choose noted liberal believe depending factors consent women participation pornography prostitution animal ethics viewed basis moral patient moral consideration believed animals moral rights animals according rational behave believe duties animals believe cruel wrong behaviour influence attitudes human beings accustomed animals likely humans acceptable rejects assessment moral worth animals main points rejects claim animals self conscious challenges claim animals moral worth moral judgement argues moral worth determined ability moral judgement regard humans incapable moral thought equally moral consideration finally argues assertion animals exist merely means ends fact animals life badly suggests like humans ends lying believed provides maxim ought lie circumstances trying bring good consequences lying murderer prevent finding intended victim argued fully know consequences action result unexpectedly harmful ought act avoid known wrong lying avoid potential wrong harmful consequences acted according duty driver argues problem choose differently maxim lie save innocent life new maxim treat murderer means end duty avoid required tell truth murderer example
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Kantian ethics
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Philosophy and religion
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Philosophy
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Philosophical doctrines, teachings, texts, events, and symbols
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21127_Teleologicalargument
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argument theological argument known argument design intelligent design argument argument existence god generally intelligent creator based perceived evidence deliberate design natural physical world historically closely associated concept earliest recorded versions argument associated ancient greece argued taking older argument student aristotle student developed complex approaches proposal intelligent cause influence developed battery arguments broadly known label argument design philosophy influenced development religions ways argument long association middle ages islamic argument rejected unnecessary islamic philosophers later argument accepted included fifth ways proving existence god early modern england known proponents early 18th century published gave demonstration attributes god works creation later work natural theology published prominent presentation design argument version analogy use phrase argument design beginning numerous criticisms different versions argument responses challenge claims non natural science especially important general logical arguments published explanation biological complexity given origin species published 1960s arguments including words intelligent design influential development creation science movement especially form known intelligent design movement uses argument argue modern understanding evolution makes philosophical claim provide basis scientific proof divine origin biological species starting classical greece approaches argument developed distinguished understanding natural order literally created non approach starts clearly aristotle believed intended approach simple sense agrees cosmic intelligence responsible natural order rejects proposal requires creator physically maintain order find argument convincing followed medieval philosophers later considered argument acceptable necessarily best argument contrast approach philosophers intelligent design movement makes claim intelligence natural order certain changes occur nature history concept intelligence natural order ancient rational argument concludes know natural world designer creating intelligence human like purposes appears begun classical philosophy religious judaism islam christianity developed versions argument later variants argument design produced western philosophy christian classical philosophy argument intelligent design appears begun concept cosmic intelligence older argued developing older idea citing born possible earlier proponent proposal order nature showed evidence having human like intelligence goes origins greek natural philosophy science attention nature special reference revolving heavens person definitely known explained concept word original greek term leads modern english intelligence latin french translations aristotle reports earlier philosopher named taken similar position philosophers philosophers proposed similar intelligent ordering principle causing life rotation heavens example like earlier described cosmic order living things caused cosmic version love attributed reason speak tradition saying philosophers agree mind king heaven earth right later states ensuing discussion confirms declared old mind rules universe report memorabilia earliest clear account argument evidence nature intelligent design word traditionally translated discussed design reported pressed young men look things market consider tell things showed evidence blind chance compare nature consider blind chance dying discovery concept cosmic cause order things important turning point expressed disagreement understanding implications doctrine understanding complained restricted work cosmic beginning events happened causes like air water hand apparently insisted loving particularly concerning humanity desire cosmic active manager apparently preceded aristotle presented description explaining likely story form myth history commentators disagreed elements myth seen position calls manifesto points followers denied intended classical times writers aristotle understood proposing world originated intelligent creative act character explain concept supreme wisdom intelligence creator work perspective built analysis order structure world presented republic story propose creation order chaos imitating eternal forms world eternal forms represented matter divine contrasts sharply 4th century prominent debate persist ancient world mechanism got shot arm adopted divine choice simple structured regular world arise processes intelligence system student friend aristotle continued tradition criticising natural scientists sought modern science explain terms matter chance motion influential future development classical straightforward required creation nature meaning god requirement intervene nature creator administrator instead direct intervention creator scarcely aristotle entire functioning natural world heavens ultimately understood shared myth suggests living things based single species tells story living things humans aristotle presented influential idea type normal living thing based fixed form species aristotle felt biology particularly important example field natural science ignored information needed order understand living things example birds use wings purpose flight complete explanation regard natural artificial fact proposals species changed chance survival similar called natural selection known aristotle rejected logic conceded new forms life come chance disagreed ascribed nature purely chance believed science provide general account normal distinction normal nature accidental nature important aristotle understanding nature pointed aristotle happy physics fear crafts occasional mistakes analogy nature according aristotle changes happen nature caused formal causes example case bird wings final cause purpose flying explicitly compared human technology comes art sake clear come nature clear animals art inquiry reason people completely loss intelligence way spiders ants things work absurd think thing happen sake sets motion clear practices medicine nature like question understand aristotle conception nature having purpose direction like human activity controversial details example argued biology approach practical meant nature analogous human art explanations organ greatly informed knowledge essential function position universally accepted case aristotle understood way followers middle ages saw consistent religion understanding nature consistent medieval interpretation works aristotle clearly argued case highest god prime ultimate cause specifically material cause eternal forms cause natural order including living things clearly refers entity having intellect humans share helps humans true forms things relying purely sense perception physical things including living species understanding nature aristotle arguments nature influential middle ages europe idea fixed species remained dominant biology darwin focus biology common today criticisms modern science roman era developed battery arguments broadly known label argument design reported argument nature gods book includes early version analogy later developed water clock tells time design chance imagine universe devoid purpose intelligence including artifacts important classical supporter argument works major sources medical knowledge modern times europe lands like looked constantly engaged arguing unlike aristotle major influence unlike believed evidence literally like found worked physical nature works especially explained evidence complexity animal construction work shows early signs contact contrast pagan christian tradition creation criticizing account found bible moses suggests saying god ordered grow contrast tradition technician surprisingly aristotle considered best writer subject shared value books speculative philosophy inquiries world superior power wisdom man saw having everyday importance living asserted author reported real position including types speculative science philosophy connection argument discussions complexity living things insistence possible practical scientist aspects modern uses argument medieval philosophy theology late classical christian writers appeal general revelation paul argues romans plain created world obvious god marcus late 2nd 3rd century early christian writer argued existence god based analogy ordered house orders went house found neat orderly kept surely assume master better good things belongings house universe heaven earth marks order law assume lord author universe stars portions entire world mentioned idea world ordered changes movements fair appearance visible things evidence world created created save god islamic philosophy early islamic philosophy played important role developing philosophical god jewish christian middle ages concerning argument lasting effects tradition came discussions difficulties type proof forms argument design islamic philosophers time early 9th century rejected schools mention god ran sufficient evidence argument design seen early islamic philosopher instead took approach nature ordered god like literally manages world later convinced proposed instead argument existence god argument later accepted philosopher great anti philosophy opponent term argument translated argument providence accepted argument believed explicitly mentioned despite like aristotle proposed order continual motion world caused god intellect like predecessors subject disagreement uncertainty generally agreed adapted traditions agreed fact god create way fact treated argument religious arguments existence god principal proof according aristotle proof motion universe causes position valid proof physical proving conscious opposition position later jewish christian philosophers aware debate generally took position closer jewish philosophy example argument jewish philosophy appears medieval philosopher cites passage holy says lift eyes high created things host number calls crude form argument design possible way reading text asserts generally biblical texts existence god taken granted recalled explanatory text recognized existence deity fact world exhibits order design makes analogy building owner world looked god says world guide examples 19th century philosopher called argument design cardinal principle jewish faith american orthodox legend 2nd century told philosopher believe world created god produced beautiful poem claimed come cat accidentally knocked pot ink ink document poem result philosopher impossible author concludes universe come author creator writings widely accepted catholic western europe heavily influenced aristotle islamic jewish philosophers presented argument work presented ways attempted prove existence god arguments feature arguments literal reading holy texts sums argument follows fifth way taken governance world things lack knowledge natural bodies act end evident acting nearly way obtain best result plain achieve end lacks knowledge end directed endowed knowledge intelligence arrow directed archer intelligent exists natural things directed end god notes existence final causes cause directed effect explained appeal intelligence natural bodies aside humans possess intelligence reasons exist directs final causes moment god newton affirmed belief truth argument wrote words appendix second edition elegant system sun planets arisen design dominion intelligent powerful view god known works supported popularized newton friends lectures newton supervised newton wrote delivered lecture wrote treatise eye principles work considering men sic deity find useful purpose german philosopher disagreed newton view design argument clarke correspondence argued newton case god constantly world design adjusted thought universe created way god need intervene quoted wrote according newton doctrine god wants needs wind watch time time cease sufficient perpetual motion considered argument design moral certainty supported idea pre established harmony wrote proof pre established harmony particular form called theological proof known argument design according universe completely individual substances known programmed act way russell wrote form argument states harmony arisen common cause exactly explained creator pre determined british 17th century dutch writers argued intricate structure world like house unlikely arisen chance writing late 17th century developed idea excluding geometry science attain knowledge sensual experience response advanced form things continue exist perceived humans perceive objects continue exist god order objects remain existence god exist century referred argument treatise human nature appears support argument design notes claims thrust analysis treatise supports design argument according obliged infinitely perfect architect later critical argument presented dialogue friend loves friend gives version argument saying proponents paint magnificent colours order beauty wise arrangement universe ask glorious display intelligence come random coming chance produce greatest genius sufficiently admire presented arguments argument character argument universe man machine concludes principle similar effects similar causes designing intelligence look round world find great machine subdivided infinite number lesser machines admit subdivisions degree human senses trace explain machines minute parts adjusted accuracy admiration men contemplated curious adapting means ends nature resembles exactly exceeds productions human human design thought wisdom intelligence effects resemble led rules analogy causes resemble author nature somewhat similar mind man possessed larger work executed argument argument prove existence deity similarity human mind intelligence hand satisfied argument design attempts number including arguably darwin theory makes point god resembles human designer assuming divine characteristics justified goes joke far perfect creation perfect designer universe rude essay infant deity object superiors natural theology starting published stream books best known example explicitly subtitled demonstration attributes god works creation natural theologian listed scientific observations variations nature proposed proved infidelity end section gravity instance writes concluded manifest design structure work intelligent artist power skill equivalent work sense sound writes intelligent infinitely wise god fine body medium susceptible impression sense hearing occasion animals express sense meaning concludes sign man glorious work creation thing mere chance god writes directly influenced later work power limitations kind reasoning illustrated history appeared france light hearted peasant finally convinced wisdom creation arguably approach beginning conversion story taken succession moral writers presenting valid argument proposition wisdom god displayed creation analogy analogy framing argument reference dates reported argument think highly achievement making model revolutions nature creating perfection original shows times great remarked universe troubles think clock exists presented version analogy start natural theology found watch ground watch happened place hardly think knew watch answer serve watch stone happened lying ground reason different parts differently shaped different size placed manner order placed motion carried machine answered use served according argued complexity utility evident design functioning watch natural world feature biological organism like watch showed evidence designed way adapt organism survival environment complexity utility observed conclusion designed constructed god holds natural correct natural theology strongly influenced british science expectation expressed truths revealed science conflict moral truths religion natural philosophers saw god cause sought secondary causes explain design nature leading figure sir wrote analogy intermediate causes fresh species come found natural process theology student found arguments compelling later developed theory evolution book origin species offers alternate explanation biological order autobiography darwin wrote old argument design nature given conclusive fails law natural selection discovered darwin struggled problem evil suffering nature remained inclined believe nature depended designed laws commended gray statement darwin great service natural science bringing instead morphology versus shall morphology darwin owned subject inclined look resulting designed laws details good bad left working chance wish evidence design sides misery world persuade god created express intention feeding living bodies cat play mice believing necessity belief eye designed recent proponents arguments published bold combine scientific theological thinking proposed version argument based accumulation individual biological adaptation accounts evolutionary theory explain individual adaptations cites insists case exceeds sum parts explain adaptation encyclopedia philosophy notes critics insisted focusing piece evidence reminding end hold water critics objected particular use probability theory challenged relevance kind reasoning belief contributions philosophical theology sought apply sophisticated versions probability theory question god existence improvement work spirit uses probability taking account order functioning nature fit human intelligence universe understand workings human aesthetic moral religious experience writes existence order world confirms existence god existence order world probable god probability order right kind greater god existence order adds greatly probability god acknowledges argument reason believe existence god combination arguments arguments evidence mystical experience thinks discussing arguments offered probability version argument book god minds contingent object know product intelligent design product intelligent design universe contingent object probably universe designed following produced slightly different version book world shows amazing order exhibiting order products intelligent design probably world result intelligent design probably god exists created world following criticism arguments course said form universe enormously virtual infinity possible forms actual form sense fact humans makes special requiring explanation fine tuned universe modern variation argument built concept fine tuned universe according website fine tuning refers surprising precision nature physical beginning state universe explain present state universe best scientific theories require physical nature beginning state universe extremely precise values fine tuning universe apparent delicate balance conditions necessary human life view speculation vast range possible conditions life exist explore probability conditions life exist example argued force big bang explosion different strong interaction force different life impossible terms argument relation fine tuned universe god responsible achieving perfect conditions regard fine tuning writes mere fact enormously event occurred gives reason think occurred design attributes argument fine tuning understand argument consider reaction different events john wins lottery game immediately tempted think john acting behalf cheated john won consecutive immediately tempted think john acting behalf cheated believes intuitive reaction scenarios justified structure event belief intelligent design cause despite fact probability winning consecutive games exactly probability winning game event intelligent design considers argument subject noted versions design argument undoubtedly correct thinking justified design case winning consecutive know related facts events know exist intelligent agents right motivations abilities deliberately bring events second know past experience events usually explained deliberate agency agents pieces information obviously justified seeing design cases problem fine tuning argument lack pieces needed justify design point argument establish fact exists intelligent agency right abilities motivations bring existence universe capable sustaining life second obviously past experience genesis worlds position know existence fine tuned usually explained deliberate agency intelligent agency lack essential background information justified exists intelligent deity deliberately created universe capable sustaining life spent life converted late life intelligent involved way design conditions allow life arise evolve concluded fine tuning universe precise result chance accepted existence god said commitment evidence leads meant ended accepting existence god flew proposed view held earlier universe young life developed purely chance intelligent exist involved designing conditions required life evolve super calculating intellect designed properties carbon chance finding blind forces nature utterly course common sense interpretation facts suggests physics chemistry biology blind forces worth speaking nature numbers facts overwhelming conclusion question creation science intelligent design version argument design central creation science intelligent design unlike design god given laws proponents seek scientific confirmation repeated history life argue science taught science classrooms teaching evolution effectively barred united_states public school outcome 1960s led teaching evolution response resurgence presented creation science based biblical bible quotes optional explicit references bible optional morris book scientific came versions bible quotes survey found virtually literature promoting creation science presented design argument saying living thing gives strong evidence design intelligent designer ignorance data peter lead assign chance publications introduced concepts central intelligent design including complexity variant analogy specified complexity closely resembling fine tuning argument ruling edwards barred teaching creation science public schools breached separation church state group intelligent design presented scientific theory religious argument scientists disagreed assertion intelligent design scientific introduction science curriculum pennsylvania school district led dover area school district trial ruled intelligent design arguments essentially religious nature science court took evidence theologian ruled new scientific argument old religious argument existence god traced argument 13th century framed argument complex design exists designer nature complex nature intelligent designer argument existence god advanced early 19th century reverend apparent difference argument argument expressed defense expert witnesses official position acknowledge designer god proponents intelligent design movement asserted science based religious nature commonly refer scientific use assertion support claim modern science contrast preferred approach revived natural philosophy supernatural explanations natural phenomena supports science ignores distinction science religion established science use supernatural explanations intelligent design advocate proposed development watch analogy argued favour intelligent design unlike attempts prove existence intelligent designer god classical uses analogy propose complexity argues loses parts longer function argues complexity object guarantees presence intelligent design claims instances complexity natural world parts world designed negative argument step step evolution ignores longstanding evidence evolution proceeds changes function preceding systems specific examples proposes shown simpler act different functions arguments general specific cases numerous scientific papers response ironically given absence detail explanation complain explanations lack sufficient detail tested way proposal university_of_chicago writing states molecular biology growing realization cells molecular computing networks process information internal operations external environment decisions controlling growth movement implications argument states natural genetic engineering systems produce radical genetic apparatus single cell generation suggests calls way non non type evolution significance emerging interface biology information science hold thinking evolution opens possibility addressing scientifically central issue contested sides debate guiding intelligence work origin species displaying exquisite adaptations book evolution view 21st century refers concept natural genetic engineering says proved troublesome scientists feel supports intelligent design argument suggests function oriented capacities attributed cells kind thinking scientists taught avoid costs criticism classical original development argument design reaction explicitly non nature reported reacting natural philosophers survived debates roman eras clear sources debate continued generations striking metaphors today unseen infinite monkey roots period known proponents argument design counter arguments refined famously hand criticized evidence evidence intelligent design nature logic defensive faced challenge explaining directed chance cause appears rational order defence revolved arguments infinite monkey metaphor apparently arguments time saying infinite planets having order like planet know refined argument proposing actual number types nature small infinite making long period time certain orderly outcomes result positions held classical times complex position continued held schools like aristotle insisted nature rational order concerned describe way rational order caused according example metaphor seen metaphor understood agreeing aristotle rational order nature works form unlike everyday fact according proposal thing nature fitting rational order thing need directed higher better writes insists justify belief extended objects quotes writing species objects found constantly experience observation analogy guides reasonably follow nature effect cause bear similarity resemblance effects causes found instances proponents argument suppose universe effect singular proof deity cause singular notes observe god conjunction involving observed conjunction ground extended objects god causes presented criticism argument character religious voices criticisms argument argues design argument built faulty analogy unlike man objects witnessed design universe know universe result design size universe makes analogy problematic experience universe order chaos parts universe argues small great system short time discovered decisively concerning origin proposes order nature nature nature contains principle order need designer removed argues universe designed justify conclusion designer god god classical impossible argues perfect nature creator nature creation argues designer imperfect suggesting universe poor attempt design pointed argument necessarily lead existence god deities combine framing world developed insights arguing things universe exhibit order knowledge created material imperfect finite beings forces argued known instances perfect infinite creating probability salmon concludes universe created type intelligent argue accuses salmon begging question piece evidence uses argument molecules caused design equivalent conclusion draws universe probably caused design molecules universe origins issue evidence conclusion referring theological proof discussed argument critique pure reason referred oldest appropriate human reason rejected heading section words theological proof accepting criticisms wrote argument proves intelligence arrangement matter universe existence supreme architect argument try prove existence god required concealed appeal argument prove existence god observed argument design prove existence powerful intelligent designer prove designer god sole argument conclude probable intelligent superior prepared fashioned matter conclude matter infinite sense questioned existence god rejecting rational arguments god existence including argument grounds reason inevitably accompanied doubt proposed argument design consideration future events serve undermine proof god existence argument finish proving god existence writes works god god perform works god works existence directly immediately given wisdom nature goodness wisdom governance world manifest face things confronted terrible doubt impossible finally dispose doubts order things surely attempt prove god existence began finish addition live constantly suspense terrible suddenly happen bit proof demolished argument harshly critical theology intelligent design book god book contends appeal intelligent design provide explanation biology begs question designer origin raises additional questions intelligent designer far complex difficult explain capable designing believes chances life arising planet like earth orders magnitude probable people think principle effectively skepticism regard example suggested potential life earth probable boeing assembled hurricane argues time event subject way natural selection like random chance furthermore refers counter argument argument argument big traditional guise argument design easily today popular argument offered favour existence god seen large number completely utterly convincing strong suspect argument precisely opposite direction intention argument properly deployed comes close proving god exist statistical demonstration god certainly exist ultimate boeing argument takes general form doesn difference called intelligent design observed phenomenon living creature complex organs universe correctly language information theory challenged explain source information living matter technical sense information content measure surprise value entity seek explain designer designer got god ultimate boeing argument turns familiar question god designer god explain organized complexity god capable designing complex demand kind explanation right god presents infinite help escape argument demonstrates god technically considered argument powerful argument argument design implies terms argument follows things world especially living things look designed know looks designed designed designer god accused misunderstanding argument particularly version flawed argument book case god points considers flaw argument design consider idea nature product design demonstrated nature provides basis comparison distinguish designed objects natural objects able presence design extent characteristics object differ natural characteristics claim nature designed destroy basis differentiate artifacts natural objects perception purpose biology philosopher biology argued darwin treated structure organisms purpose organism designed god picture absolutely central darwin thinking refers metaphor design organisms appearance designed thanks discovery natural selection know true review ruse book writes routinely refer design organisms traits properly speaking apparent design refer design refers illusion purpose design progress adds purpose fundamentally manner evolution processes selection adaptation illusion purpose utter functionality designed nature biological world suggests biology ordered closer inspection true function questionable rejects claim biology serves designed function claiming biology purpose book blind states animals complex things known universe biology study complicated things appearance having designed purpose argues natural selection explanation biological complexity divine theologian pointed fine tuning carbon responsible nature ability tune degree entire biological evolutionary process depends unusual chemistry carbon allows bond elements creating highly complex molecules stable prevailing terrestrial temperatures capable conveying genetic information especially dna argued nature creates fine tuning constituents universe evolutionary process initiated unique chemistry carbon ultimate foundation capacity nature tune proponents intelligent design question philosophical assumptions critics regard designer claims arguments merely science overtly theological failing provide analysis hypothetical objective relative merit critics suggest purported cosmic designer produce optimal designs numerous biological criticisms demonstrate ideal ideas characterizes argument straw man suggests principle constrained describes best designer hope achieve knowing objectives designer position designer proposed faulty compromise objectives criticizing design tend place premium individual organisms design optimal degree individual higher order designs entire ecosystems require lower order designs individual organisms fall short function criticisms argument assumes existence intelligent design merely examination life reminiscent human design designed considering crystals certain case find intelligence ways order design come purely physical forces design claim challenged argument analogy supporters design suggest natural objects man objects similar properties man objects designer probable natural objects designed proponents demonstrate available evidence taken account argues speaking familiar objects watches basis object designer universe unique isolated case compare basis making individual objects basis applying universe hold constituent elements universe professional support modern evolutionary synthesis merely alternative explanation complexity life better explanation supporting evidence living organisms obey physical laws objects long periods time self structures arose later formed dna similar discussions hindu school logic version argument design writes view complexity world existence creator fact world parts context created world argument parts world constructed intelligent agent account effect effect constructed intelligent agent like pot world effect constructed intelligent agent hindu schools deny existence god proved creator perceived dialogues speaker saying existence god established proof proved exhibit analogous instance buddhist criticism logic buddhism denies existence creator god rejects argument flawed argue creation world shown analogous creation human artifact pot 18th century german philosopher thought man ancient chinese natural religion know creator world later changed mind extent reading religious perspective weak writings 6th century philosopher known similarities modern naturalist science notes processes nature guided consciousness consciously
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Teleological argument
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Philosophy and religion
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Philosophy
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Philosophical doctrines, teachings, texts, events, and symbols
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21454_Ontologicalargument
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argument argument philosophical argument existence god uses arguments fall category tend involve arguments state existing specifically arguments tend start theory organization universe organizational structure true argument provide reasons god exist argument western christian tradition proposed work defined god greater conceived argued exist mind mind person denies existence god suggested greatest possible exists mind exist reality exists mind greater possible exists mind reality greatest possible exist reality seventeenth century french philosopher deployed similar argument published variations argument centred idea god existence immediately clear distinct idea perfect early eighteenth century augmented ideas attempt prove perfect coherent concept recent argument came proposed formal argument god existence revived argument located second stronger argument work challenged argument proposed alternative based logic attempts proof automated arguments including islamic philosopher proposal philosophical ideas generated interest discussion argument nearly great minds western philosophy found argument worthy attention criticism general consensus argument erroneous consensus exact nature argument error errors long proved elusive philosophical community critic argument contemporary analogy perfect island suggesting argument prove existence parodies attempted argument absurd consequences later rejected argument basis humans know god nature offered objection criticising lack reasoning rejecting idea exist necessarily critique based saw false premise existence argued existing adds including perfection essence perfect conceived exist finally philosophers including dismissed great proposing attributes greatness incompatible rendering great classification traditional definition argument given contrasted argument literally argument concerned theoretical arguments according view arguments founded reasoning expressed view urgent reason depart traditional definition defined arguments begin necessary premises conclude god exists admitted traditional characteristics argument necessity priority found arguments work arguments belief god suggested better definition argument employ considerations entirely internal arguments conceptual higher order categories based qualities premises defined qualities follows arguments definitions conceptual arguments possession certain kinds ideas concepts arguments consider possibilities arguments assert distinction different categories existence arguments employ idea god exists solely experience arguments later arguments draw theory relation criticised study vague useful classification argued argument classified attempts existence god necessary truths definition suggested proponents arguments claim fully understood concept god accept existence defined arguments start definition god principles conclude god existence development argument implicit works greek philosophers mainstream view argument clearly stated developed scholars argued islamic philosopher developed special kind argument scholars doubted position marked major stages development argument initial explicit eighteenth century criticisms identification second argument twentieth century philosophers theologian philosopher proposed argument second chapters argument presented order prove god existence work meditation documented idea god self evident chapter defined god greater conceived suggested fool understand concept understanding means exist mind concept exist mind mind reality exists mind greater exists mind reality conceived argument generally regarded view fool proven inconsistent conceive greater conceived exist reality greater conceived defined god exist reality argument chapter summarized follows conceptual truth speak true definition god greater imagined greatest possible imagined god exists idea mind exists idea mind reality things equal greater exists idea mind god exists idea mind imagine greater god greatest possible exist imagine greater god contradiction suppose imagine greater greatest possible imagined god exists chapter presented argument vein definition god greater imagined necessarily exists reality greater necessarily exist definition god exists idea mind necessarily exist reality imagine greater god imagine greater god god exists mind idea god necessarily exists reality god exists mind idea god necessarily exists reality contains notion conceived exist argued conceived exist greater conceived consequently thing greater conceived conceived exist exist read argument chapter believed different stronger argument composed number arguments differed generally speaking formal arguments natural wrote fifth meditation mere fact produce thought idea clearly distinctly perceive belong thing belong possible basis argument prove existence god certainly idea god perfect find surely idea shape number understanding belongs nature exists clear distinct case prove shape number property belongs nature argued god existence nature geometric ideas nature shapes sizes angles triangle example suggested concept god perfect holding assumed existence perfection notion god include existence perfect lacking perfection consequently notion perfect god exist argues according nature god exist saw problem argument asserted perfect proposed perfect demonstrated argument fails saw perfection impossible impossible demonstrate incompatible reasoned exist single entity argument valid iranian islamic philosopher influenced earlier muslim philosophers ibn discussed arguments existence god claiming rejected argument basis existence essence existence human beings fundamental essence forward new argument known argument argument argument attempts prove existence god reality existence conclude god pre eternal necessity argument thing demonstrated path identical goal arguments truth attained external source possible necessary originated eternal origin motion argument middle term truth version argument summarized follows existence existence perfection perfection conceived god perfection perfection existence existence singular simple reality singular reality graded intensity scale perfection denial pure scale limit point point greatest intensity greatest existence god exists describes argument main work journeys follows existence single objective simple reality difference parts terms perfection strength weakness culmination perfection perfect independence thing perfect imperfect thing belongs thing needs perfect perfection prior existence non existence explained perfection thing thing thing addition existence independent need necessary pure existence perfect room non existence regarded acts effects reality existence added existence quality caused impossible effect identical cause terms existence provided formal argument god existence argument constructed published long death provided valid argument based logic uses conception properties ultimately concluding god existence definition god like essential properties properties positive definition essence property necessarily definition necessarily exists essence necessarily exemplified property positive positive property entailed strictly implied positive property positive property god like positive property positive necessarily positive necessary existence positive property positive necessarily positive property positive consistent possibly exemplified property god like consistent god like property god like essence thing necessarily property god like exemplified defined god like having positive property left term positive proposed understood aesthetic moral sense alternatively opposite absence necessary qualities universe warned interpreting positive morally aesthetically good greatest advantage disadvantage includes negative characteristics instead suggested positive interpreted perfect purely good negative characteristics listed follow criticisms theory focus assumptions argued gives definition positive properties suggested positive properties form set reason believe set exists interesting set positive properties interesting versions argument logic deals logic possibility necessity note chapter recent authors interpreted argument phrase greater conceived word referring possibility authors write logic argument doesn include based newer logic versions argument application type logic argument writes versions argument called versions argument arguably avoid argument treats existence began emerge logic version forms defense argument significant development primarily responsible introducing versions argument contemporary debate claimed versions argument second logic version according version represented greater conceived conceived exist denies doubts existence greater denies doubts exist reality understanding impossible greater conceived conceived exist exist reality understanding possible greater conceived conceived exist says necessary existence superior manner existence ordinary contingent existence ordinary contingent existence defect focused exists greater exist point exists exist greater exists exist avoids question existence referring arguments proposed chapters supported criticism argument chapter existence perfection identified sees second argument chapter susceptible criticism second argument identified key points non existence impossible greater non existence possible second god greater conceived supported definition god suggested makes proposition god existence necessarily true statement way square sides necessarily true rejecting idea existence perfection argued necessary existence perfection argued proved existence great necessary writes incorrect assuming argument found entirely chapter intended iii independent argument existence god continuation argument philosopher criticized arguments offered alternative argued prove necessary existence greatest possible follows exists worlds greatness worlds surpassed argued demonstrate greatness world attempt resolve problem differentiated greatness excellence excellence particular world depends properties world greatness depends properties worlds greatest possible excellence possible world argument concept greatness argued possible greatness exist greatness exists possible world case greatness exists world world conclusion relies form states possibly true possibility necessary possibly true worlds version suggests possibly necessarily true regard world true worlds case true worlds simply necessary version argument follows excellence given possible world wholly good greatness excellence possible world possible greatness premise possibly necessarily true perfectly good exists necessarily true perfectly good exists perfectly good exists argued premise established contrary reason argued certain components perfection contradictory premise contrary reason martin proposed parodies argument suggesting existence demonstrated argument provided defined perfect special possible world christian characterizes argument slightly different way possible great exists possible great exists great exists possible world great exists possible world exists possible world great exists possible world exists actual world great exists actual world great exists great exists according premises relatively philosophers premise denial guarantee possibility furthermore argued premise possibility premise begs question stated right accept premise understands operators understands system argument fails understands possibly necessarily essence necessarily premise begs question conclusion embedded systems general writes words necessarily possibly different uses logic depends uses mind approach supporting possibility premise version argument attempted started 8th 9th century indian philosopher impossible perception non case follows perception case case possibly fact perceive existence great follows existence great possible automated reasoning automated thesis subsequently discovered simpler formally valid necessarily sound argument single non logical premise criticisms objections earliest recorded objections argument raised contemporaries invited reader conceive island excellent island suggested according proof island necessarily exist island exists excellent criticism explicitly demonstrate flaw argument argues argument sound arguments logical form accepted offered criticism argument suggesting notion god conceived asserted argued accept god nature fully humans fully conceive god argument work responded criticism arguing argument applied concepts necessary existence suggested necessary existence fulfill greater conceived furthermore contingent object island improved reach state perfection reason dismissed argument relate necessary existence parodies presented including devil devil extreme devil devil proposes worse conceived exists understanding term lesser place worse logical form parody argues exists understanding worse exists reality exists devil similar argues worse exist reality exist extreme devil advances proposing worse exist understanding exists reality understanding argued devil powerful challenge challenges defeat parody claimed devil strong challenge devil threatens argument foundations proposing god existence objected argument suggested people know nature god conceive god way proposed argument meaningful understands essence god completely reasoned god completely know essence use argument rejection argument caused catholic reject argument scottish philosopher argued proven exist reasoning character proposes criticism evident pretending demonstrate matter fact prove arguments contrary implies contradiction distinctly implies contradiction conceive existent conceive non existent non existence implies contradiction consequently existence suggested abstract idea existence apart ideas objects claim idea god implies existence suggested conception god conceive existing existing believed existence quality perfection completely perfect need exist claimed contradiction deny god existence criticism directed argument similar lecture applied arguments forward influential criticism argument critique pure reason criticism primarily directed attacks shaped central distinction synthetic proposition concept contained subject concept synthetic proposition concept contained subject concept questions concept necessary considers examples necessary triangle angles rejects transfer logic existence god argues necessary necessarily true exists triangle exists angles necessary proposition argues existence triangle necessary argues proposition exists follow exists exists necessarily mean exists reality second argues contradictions arise subject maintained judgement non existence contradiction denies proposes statement god exists synthetic inside outside subject respectively proposition argument takes statement true meaning given words claims merely reality statement synthetic argument work existence god contained definition god evidence god need found goes write evidently real concept proposes existence quality existence add essence merely indicates occurrence reality states taking subject god asserting god exists add new conception god argues argument works existence claims argument completely perfect doesn exist addition claims concept god particular sense object pure thought asserts god exists outside realm experience nature experience god experience argues impossible know verify god existence contrast material concepts verified means senses australian philosopher developed version argument meant prove god non existence intended purpose illustrate problems saw argument asserted creation world achievement merit achievement product quality creator disability greater disability creator impressive achievement non existence asserts greatest handicap universe product existent creator conceive greater exist non existent creator greater exists god exist proposition greatest disability non existence response assumption existence perfection uses logic assume non existence disability criticized argument viewing weak parody argument stated accepted greater achievement non existent creator create creator exists reason assume non existent creator greater continued arguing reason view creation world achievement finally stated non existent create great development argument attempted demonstrate perfect countered characteristics necessary god perfection incompatible notion perfect argument assumes definition god purported classical god morally perfect claimed incompatible god able create free know exactly rendering free analysis render argument characteristics required great exist criticisms early phase accepted argument great god boots argument sound later criticized argument asserting argument modern mind convincing easier feel convinced find precisely lies drew distinction existence essence arguing essence person described existence remain question
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Ontological argument
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Philosophy and religion
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Philosophy
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Philosophical doctrines, teachings, texts, events, and symbols
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27682_Consolatio(Cicero)
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lost work written year work written grief death daughter occurred february year known work inspired greek philosopher ancient work grief structure probably similar series letter fragments work survive having quoted makes note work letter popular piece writing loss widely accepted distinct work transmitted earlier literary tradition romans late republic italian scholar claimed discovered non version scholars agree work fraud hoax modern methods background marcus january december ancient roman philosopher politician famous skills came wealthy municipal family roman equestrian order widely considered rome greatest premier prose golden age latin august february daughter died winter giving birth second son caused period deep mourning decided stay friend time library reading books dealt overcoming grief found relocated villa composed time wrote famed lost dialogue later opined written attempt heal emotionally benefit mourning experiencing sadness composition reference christian theologian letter concerning death suggests work heavily based greek philosopher ancient work grief argues general outline based structure letter sent following death structure reply little remains work appear piece addressed novel idea deserves god notes order plan work recognized gods roman public order win public concludes build shrine extant pieces fragments seven preserved early christian author work divine work excerpt point argue actually accept christianity realizing criticized wrote applauded paralleling albeit coincidentally bible says times quotes preserved criticized lack context notes partial quotations order frame wrote easily ideas excerpts preserved sections quoted important reference work found aforementioned letter addressed noted contained references men showed equal sorrow war set forth book legacy work major importance today widely accepted distinct work transmitted earlier literary tradition romans late republic work supposedly survived 15th century claimed discovered copy text italy italian scholar claimed discovered non version news met excitement scholars reading work began argue manuscript fraud vocal continued defend work death mentioning different belief text scholar later claimed letter admitted deathbed large academic community concluded version discovered genuine document later earned pseudo despite gradual condemnation work accusation created argued pseudo probably genuine work reasoned claimed found copy work close possible simply found text proposed idea pseudo contained extant fragments work true lost replaced distant past read mistakenly assumed false rediscovered believed genuine finally argued man high character spent life editing fragments completely character linguistic techniques test document paper differentiated types latin writing style new latin popular fifteenth sixteenth centuries sought emulate style argued pseudo devoid new latin accepted genuine work collected classical latin authors new latin authors compared methods concluded text pseudo extremely text likely written renaissance classical times furthermore study provided evidence work matched closely style new latin writers suggesting created document
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Consolatio (Cicero)
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Philosophy and religion
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Philosophy
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Philosophical doctrines, teachings, texts, events, and symbols
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2376_MonicaReyes
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fictional character fox science fiction supernatural television series files portrayed special agent fbi works longtime friend partner files office concerned investigation paranormal cases dubbed files introduced series eighth season reyes main character entirety ninth season returning single episode guest appearance tenth season finale conceptual history decision continue files television series try appeal new generation viewers production personnel knew beginning season going introduce female character believer departing character fox_mulder david_duchovny believer writers wanted different kind believer character contrast nature established writers required create character unlike main characters series female character initially named decided named friend series creator chris_carter acquaintance art gallery vancouver role cast actress received agent informed producers x-files looking new female character applied audition consisted meeting writers chris_carter frank_spotnitz considered reyes like mulder optimism faith enjoyment open beliefs somewhat different spiritual new age like view mulder reyes seen different mulder main characters somewhat scattered quirky laughed characters having nature writer frank_spotnitz felt lighter brighter warmer overtly sexy character created season provide love interest reyes writers believed audience needed know unresolved relationship reyes served conflict men feelings portraying actress pleased relationship character scully similar sisters reyes serving antagonist scully ninth season episode reyes discovers apparently began effort reyes drive sense motivation seen writers successors mulder scully according writer episode executive producer frank_spotnitz interested giving reyes darkness play past life consequently written overtones background born raised mexico_city mexico speaks fluent spanish studied folklore mythology master degree religious studies reyes enrolled virginia assignment fbi serving special investigating ritual abuse reyes served new_york_city field office romantically involved special agent despite fbi strict anti rules reyes head investigator kidnapping year old son officer boy eventually found dead suspect transferred new_orleans field office character arc season reyes contacted fbi agent assigned x-files department assist case involving individuals claimed alien disappearance fellow agent fox_mulder background reyes considered believers simply formed cult rule possibility alien intervention stayed case mulder returned returned field office soon later contacted mulder health time seeking help case suspected link murder son soon returned work reyes remained new_orleans field office called protect agent dana_scully driving remote location georgia pregnant scully deliver child harm way reyes helped deliver child permanent soon partner x-files season season sees reyes join x-files permanent basis working dana_scully following year investigating paranormal reyes seen new_mexico desert warning scully arrival linked alien colonists fleeing scene black helicopters destroyed smoking man living files office closed shortly involvement walter_skinner mulder escape revealed reyes stayed fbi capacity time seasons shortly closure x-files reyes contacted cigarette smoking man survived confrontation new_mexico albeit devastating major injuries offered secure reyes place designated survivors end times exchange assistance reyes departed fbi shortly offer spent years personally assisting physically damaged lighting cigarettes intent halt invasion syndicate season following widespread outbreak dana_scully contacted reyes claims know develop meeting reyes reveals arrangement scully implies weak accepting deal reyes information ultimately allows scully create administer agent presumably rest humanity reception character attracted mixed reviews critics portrayal character described entertainment_weekly ken_tucker ferocious robert_shearman lars_pearson book wanting believe critical guide lone gunmen felt reyes introduction happening forced finding upbeat personality odds tone series time shearman pearson felt overall use character season lazy willingness believe tension episodes shearman considered character appearance clever acting described stand writing new_york_times described reyes partner diet mulder scully referring secondary standing writer felt reyes shadow predecessors noting scully mulder muted sexual attraction linked reality reyes chemistry partners
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Monica Reyes
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Media and drama
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Television
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The X-Files series
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2666_TheX-Files(season5)
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x-files season fifth season science fiction television series files commenced airing fox network united_states november concluding channel contained episodes season vancouver canada subsequent episodes shot los_angeles california addition season course story planned files feature film filmed scheduled released aired fifth season series focused heavily fbi federal agents fox_mulder david_duchovny loss faith existence partner dana_scully gillian_anderson resurgence health following bout cancer new characters introduced including agents psychic finale end led film sixth season premiere beginning debuting high viewing figures ranking eleventh watched television series television year united_states season success figures averaging million viewers episode year highest rated fox program highest rated season files air critical reception television critics generally positive plot overview centers fbi special agents fox_mulder david_duchovny dana_scully gillian_anderson work cases linked paranormal called files end fourth season scully dying cancer mulder convinced condition result earlier abduction prepared deal syndicate find cure pursued assassin responsible hoax alien corpse discovered mulder suicide assassin face provide body fifth season opener uses distraction infiltrate pentagon find cure scully cancer scully able uncover reveal syndicate connection fbi information learns mulder loses belief later rebel alien race secretly attacks groups alien agents meet woman claims multiple wants deliver positive message aliens eventually mulder scully learn truth abduction goes missing son angrily attempts push way fbi syndicate tests black oil sacrificing later assassination chess leads mulder scully investigation soon discover strikes heart x-files learn real target boy named production writing pending release x-files feature film season course season planned advance set film originally season supposed manner finale originally supposed television series movie franchise david_duchovny explained saying okay going came going series proved lucrative fox additional seasons ordered season created way film sixth season premiere beginning filming necessity filming upcoming movie gillian_anderson david_duchovny absent places season instance episodes unusual suspects travelers flashback episodes feature anderson character dana_scully fact written entirely stop gap episode producers forced start production fifth season week august vancouver needed series stars duchovny anderson filming x-files movie los_angeles producers decided create episode dedicated writing duties assigned episodes christmas carol feature minimal appearances duchovny character fox_mulder season fifth episode post modern written directed carter filmed entirely black white homage film version director photography spend longer usual lighting scene stormy skies episode added emulate atmosphere old movies visual effect carter wide angle camera lens episode forced actors act directly camera according carter enabled scenes episode surreal staging usual season finale end episode series filmed vancouver canada prior production moving los_angeles second film franchise released filmed vancouver influenced duchovny years filming wanted closer wife audience chess match local fans thank city hosting production years chess match filmed known place home vancouver time producers expected thousand people thousand appeared instructions given crowd director giant video screens attached breaks shooting concession stands music videos available attendees actors duchovny anderson answered questions audience worth equipment series creator chris_carter directed second unit filming episode order canadian crew members crew carter served executive producer showrunner wrote seven episodes frank_spotnitz promoted executive producer wrote seven episodes respectively promoted supervising producer contributed scripts joined series season series executive story editor wrote episodes writing team joined series story editors season provided story episode writing team wrote freelance episode special guest writers season included author wrote episode creator chris_carter wrote episodes series producers included producer producer producer previously served post production supervisor producing director kim_manners directed episodes season directing seven producer executive producer series creator chris_carter directed episodes rest episodes directed directed episode cast main cast david_duchovny special agent fox_mulder episodes gillian_anderson special agent dana_scully episodes appear unusual suspects travelers recurring cast starring mitch_pileggi deputy director walter_skinner episodes episodes episodes guest starring episodes episodes marked double dagger episodes series alien mythology arc reception ratings fifth season x-files debuted november episode earned nielsen rating share meaning roughly percent television equipped households percent households watching television tuned episode episode viewed million people marked increase fourth season finale viewed million viewers marked drastic increase fourth season debut garnered million viewers season continued ratings began drop slightly approximately million viewers episode season hit low seventeenth episode souls viewed million viewers season finale end earned nielsen rating share viewed viewers marking percent drop viewers compared season premiere percent drop viewers compared previous season finale season ranked eleventh watched television series year average million viewers highest rated season files air highest rated fox program season reviews entertainment_weekly gave season writing proves creative peak year surprises praised new additions series mythology concluded stand episodes look like classics writing noted season interesting possessed truly inspiring hilarious episodes seasonal reviews glowing paula_vitaris cinefantastique called season mixed bag episodes episodes received varied responses critics highlights series post modern heralded classic reviewers called finest stand episode produced series episode bad blood praised critics mix horror comedy called episode absolute gem hilarious x-files episode seen episode appeared best lists x-files episodes fared worse derided critics reviewer todd_vanderwerff noted episode worst episode x-files written criticized having poor story vitaris called entry major disappointment wrote isn scary accolades fifth season earned series record sixteen primetime nominations single season x-files received won awards nominated outstanding art direction series post modern outstanding single camera picture editing series kill switch series received fourth consecutive nomination outstanding drama series david_duchovny received second consecutive nomination outstanding lead actor drama series gillian_anderson received nomination outstanding lead actress drama series won previous year received nominations outstanding guest actress drama series episode post modern received multiple nominations exception single win nominated outstanding directing drama series chris_carter drama series chris_carter series outstanding music composition series outstanding single camera picture editing series series nominations outstanding single camera picture editing series mind eye outstanding sound editing series outstanding sound mixing drama series red black series won final golden globe award best television series drama gillian_anderson david_duchovny received nominations television series drama acting categories dvd release
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The X-Files (season 5)
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Media and drama
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Television
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The X-Files series
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2812_TheX-Files(season3)
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x-files season season american science fiction television series files commenced airing fox united_states september concluded channel contained episodes season continues follow cases fbi special agents fox_mulder dana_scully portrayed david_duchovny gillian_anderson respectively investigate paranormal supernatural cases known files fbi season features conclusion plot lines introduced season introducing new plot elements major plot arcs include elaborate conspiracy discovered fake alien autopsy video acquired mulder scully search killer sister mystery surrounding pivotal characters elder alien virus black oil introduced season addition season features wide variety monster week episodes feature stand stories influence wider mythology series season attained higher ratings season receiving highest viewing audience series achieved season premiere blessing way debuted nielsen household rating doubled premiere season ratings consistently stayed making watched series television line season received generally positive reviews television critics winning primetime emmy awards episodes written writer received critical acclaim including episodes final outer space cited best series morgan left series following season inability fast paced nature plot overview centers fbi special agents fox_mulder david_duchovny dana_scully gillian_anderson work cases linked paranormal called files mulder later found desert following events second season finale health scully investigates possible involvement smallpox program human genetic experimentation discovering nazi scientist defected operation conducting human experimentation create alien human hybrids sister shot assassins mistake dies hospital night investigating evidence alien autopsy mulder secretive government train carriage carrying alien human hybrid mulder killed syndicate operative guarding hybrid saved informant tipped mulder activities agent partner dana_scully gillian_anderson scully meets group women abduction experiences similar meets member syndicate known elder claims abduction placed similar train car experimented japanese scientists crew french salvage ship trying raise world war era submarine sea floor stricken massive radiation burns infected parasitic black oil discovered submarine oil controlling body passing hosts overtaken mulder pursuing scully finds submarine involved discovering oil sea floor world war guise finding sunken fighter plane infected makes way missile hide ufo oil escapes body board craft scully tracked man responsible killing sister writing development episode season blessing way began second season finale episodes paper clip form trilogy episodes began season directed later directed season finale paper clip directed directed total episodes season followed kim_manners directed seven series creator chris_carter served executive producer showrunner wrote episodes directing small involvement second season asked contribute content appeared host brought brother help write episode blood morgan sole credit writer came episode received positive reception staff david_duchovny expressed enjoyment working morgan commenting loved scripts trying destroy morgan wrote total episodes later left series fast paced nature network television expressed negative opinion way handled despite positive reception critics crew work contributed script episode writing episode previous season returned write solo episode season credited creative consultant cast member david_duchovny collaborated chris_carter episodes receiving story credit new writers season included story editor wrote episodes supervising producer wrote single episode wrote episodes staff writer wrote episodes new writers return season series visual effects producer wrote episode producers included production manager producer producer themes darker series exploring public distrust government episodes dealing wider mythology series explore similar concepts showcasing shadow government plot line series episodes like feature villains containing human beings capable highly immoral acts despite seemingly mundane appearances episode serial killer antagonist revolves way evil change influence people offers sentimental emotional plot driven kidnapping young girl episode features parallels real life case provides commentary stockholm syndrome trauma aliens serial killers antagonists season episodes revolve traditional movie inspired monsters taking influence horror films episodes include war killer lake monster episodes satirical elements including war showcasing public create panic need final outer space play established formula series themes series usually followed cast main cast david_duchovny special agent fox_mulder episodes gillian_anderson special agent dana_scully episodes recurring cast starring mitch_pileggi deputy director walter_skinner episodes guest starring episodes episodes marked double dagger episodes series alien mythology arc reception ratings season x-files debuted blessing way september episode earned nielsen household rating share meaning roughly percent television equipped households percent households watching television tuned episode episode viewed million viewers blessing way time highest rated episode x-files air previous record belonged season entry fresh bones scored rating share season continued ratings dropped slightly stabilized season premiere highest rated episode season finale viewed million viewers season hit low penultimate episode season viewed million viewers series ranked number television season viewed average million viewers increase seven percent compared second season viewed season files fox rated program year old demographic season aired friday nights fourth season moved sunday reviews todd_vanderwerff called season best season maybe greatest seasons time noting consistent swung strength strength mythology stand episodes thought starts kind terribly blessing way zack_handlen vanderwerff colleague wrote season strongest conspiracy arc keeping tension high instead time point awkward effects work early years gone overall direction highly polished giving season weakest entries cinematic feel stated morgan final outer space files greatest hours writing credits provided morgan widely cited highlight season war written received positive reviews entertainment_weekly gave war praised entertainment value episode episode containing writing credits morgan received positive reviews minute dialogue sequence featuring mulder scully receiving highly positive reviews episode cited best episodes series ign book examination unauthorized look seasons files named episode best episode x-files called best monster week series history duchovny considers performance favorite season episode received positive reviews writing dvd talk rated season overall half stars finding series increased budget meant production values quality guest appearances better previous seasons accolades season earned series primetime emmy award nominations received second consecutive nomination outstanding drama series gillian_anderson received nomination outstanding lead actress drama series episode outer space nominated outstanding individual achievement art direction series series won awards including outstanding individual achievement writing drama series episode final written won outstanding guest actor drama series performance episode episode won outstanding individual achievement sound editing series outstanding individual achievement sound mixing drama series won outstanding individual achievement cinematography series episode duchovny anderson nominated golden globe award performances dvd release
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The X-Files (season 3)
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Media and drama
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Television
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The X-Files series
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3159_BradFollmer
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fbi assistant director fictional character american fox television series files science fiction series government conspiracy hide deny truth alien existence introduced season lover main character portrayed british actor assistant director appearance ninth season episode important happened today start season case deputy director fbi time came respect character arc assistant director fbi romantic history briefly brought trying away files true motives political nature believe files deliberately showed calling instead agent new evidence concerning murder came light sought assistance worked organized crime new_york_city coming washington reyes recalled seeing accept bribe tried play event paying informant nearly succeeded truth reyes suspected truth luke fate revealed killed threatened blackmail concerning bribe acceptance future fbi left unresolved likely faced criminal charges actions conceptual history creating character chris_carter executive producers x-files personally wanted british actor role won role audition august chosen dynamic energy announcing character said character appear episodes creating character want character looked good bad having discussing carter frank_spotnitz executive producer producers actors instead labeled ambiguous man wants evidence logic describing character hollywood reporter said guy little little polished represents different kind fbi reasons creating character making main character ninth season decided provide love interest character introducing wanted strengthen reyes relationship second reason wanted create character different according wanted start character basically reception entertainment_weekly reacted overall positive confirmed recurring guest actor said fine reviewer called character unnamed staff writer felt performance forced concluding review feel comfortable character unnamed reviewer felt dialogue season premiere important happened today especially scene bar sense review site felt characterization stronger season premiere
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Brad Follmer
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Media and drama
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Television
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The X-Files series
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3743_TheX-Files(season1)
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x-files season season science fiction television series files commenced airing fox network united_states september concluded channel airing episodes season introduced main characters series including fox_mulder dana_scully portrayed david_duchovny gillian_anderson respectively recurring characters walter_skinner season introduced series main concept revolving investigation paranormal supernatural cases known x-files began lay series overarching mythology initially influenced night series creator chris_carter pitched idea series fox twice accepted production season saw series quickly gaining popularity ratings rising steadily run garnered generally positive reviews critics media helped stars lead roles cultural staples concept themes carter initially conceived series based influence twilight zone stated point series overall concept came ufo lore introduced works especially study reported percent americans claimed abducted aliens carter believed found central theme decided series focus fbi order avoid carter seen failing mysterious events continually occur accidentally uncovered character creating fictional fbi unit actively uncovered paranormal cases felt series sustainable week week stretching parameters credibility early planning stages carter envisioned significant proportion episodes deal investigations uncovered cases mistakenly viewed paranormal decision came pass season episode outer space seen idea series revolves main characters defined early conception believer believer fox_mulder created character defining personal motivation involving disappearance younger sister childhood believe result alien abduction creation dana_scully influenced portrayal silence leading crew decide character needed real opposed type character studio pressing thematically series focused heavily alien abduction lore decision early allow plots individual episodes branch different territories order prevent overarching plot running momentum led standalone episodes squeeze developed variety storylines series shown led director note files sort found style doesn confined style adding series fluid approach meant everybody comes attempt little scary movie end episodes feature varying plots alien influenced storylines varying ice paced episode set single location character driven served fill background characters plots focused soul episodes shadows born sharing similar storylines tired plot ghost machine featured artificial intelligence shapes introduced native american themed episodes season introduced number minor characters central figures series lone gunmen seen regular characters beginning second season eventually starring spin series lone gunmen whilst episode introduced walter_skinner portrayed mitch_pileggi billed series star ninth season abduction mulder sister samantha explored episodes pilot miracle man central themes series production development california native chris_carter given opportunity produce new shows fox network early 1990s tired comedies working inspired report million americans abducted aliens recalling memories 1970s horror series night carter came idea x-files wrote pilot episode initially struggled concept executives wanted love interest scully casting network wanted established taller actress scully year old gillian_anderson theater veteran minor film experience carter felt choice auditions carter initial pitch x-files rejected fox executives concept returned weeks later leading commission pilot carter worked producer developing pilot drawing stylistic inspiration documentary thin blue line english television series prime suspect inspiration taken carter memories watching night twilight zone youth recently released film silence impetus framing series agents fbi order provide characters plausible reason involved case carter believed present carter keen keeping relationship lead roles strictly basing interactions characters series early stages production series carter founded began plan filming pilot los_angeles unable find suitable locations scenes decision good forests moved production vancouver series remain seasons production eventually shift los_angeles beginning sixth season soon realized production crew season require filming location sound stages location managers needed usual casting david_duchovny worked los_angeles years prior x-files wanted base acting career films manager gave script pilot episode series green duchovny convinced good script duchovny auditioned lead duchovny auditioning fox_mulder terrific audition spoke slowly chris_carter thought beginning auditioning character good judge character thought duchovny wasn bright went talked duchovny asked imagine fbi agent future week casting director positive according carter duchovny turned best read people knew carter recalls obliged provide fox choice actors role confident duchovny right choice outset getting role duchovny thought wouldn long wouldn impact gillian_anderson cast insistence carter fit role perfectly fox executives wanted glamorous hoping lead series involving romantic element led carter insist want roles mulder scully romantically involved citing relationship lead roles example avoid anderson called early work complete learning experience pilot second time camera series introduced character walter_skinner played mitch_pileggi recurring later main character character conceived playing stereotypical bureaucratic paper instead quietly dynamic auditioned unsuccessfully parts series cast skinner fact asked audition role discovered reason cast previous parts chris_carter unable imagine characters fact actor head attended audition walter_skinner mood allowed small hair grow attitude fit character skinner causing carter assume actor pretending successfully auditioning role thought lucky cast earlier roles believed appeared single episode missed opportunity play recurring role walter_skinner early influence x-files mythology led introduction popular secondary characters continue years episodes written scully family father william mother margaret sister conspiracy buff trio writing initially certainty long series result long term plan beginning guide writers initial impetus based alien abduction lore crew believed series able maintain momentum long branch different plot ideas season featured numerous standalone stories involving monsters diverse alien governmental cover ups apparent connection arctic space worms ice conspiracy genetically engineered twins eve carter wrote space intended bottle episode manifestation alien ghost nasa space shuttle program subject cost expensive season end season carter staff come general concepts mythology seasons season introduced series primary antagonist gave early insight disappearance mulder sister samantha abduction provided main plot threads series mythology solidified carter penned season finale episode written early known series renewed second season featured closure files unit fox_mulder dana_scully new jobs fbi finale episode directed served producer series cast crew main cast david_duchovny special agent fox_mulder episodes gillian_anderson special agent dana_scully episodes recurring cast writers producers series creator chris_carter served executive producer showrunner wrote episodes executive producers writing team wrote episodes supervising producers writing team wrote episodes gordon writing additional script carter producers writing team larry wrote episode wrote freelance script freelance writers included wrote episode producers included line producer producer directors directed episodes season directing pilot supervising producer directed episodes directors directed episodes included episode directors included executive producer directed pilot episode episodes episodes marked double dagger episodes series alien mythology arc reception ratings outset viewing figures series good initial broadcast pilot watched million households constituted percent viewing audience time series broadcast directly episodes saw decline viewing figures series began season series reached low viewed million households episode aired numbers began rise steadily reaching peak season viewed million households percent available audience conclusion television season x-files ranked shows ratings spectacular series attracted fans classified cult hit particularly fox standards subsequently renewed second season reviews reviews season positive series described paranoid subversive writing called fresh self conscious characters involving series kicks drive imagination innovative recent season currently holds rating review aggregator website rotten_tomatoes based reviews metacritic season scored based reviews indicating generally favorable reviews writing ign noted episodes level excellence hasn matched adding series nearly integral pop culture today history gave season stating files different different hunt described cinematography striking noir writing squad called season phenomenal added contains terrific episodes episodes widely praised including squeeze called profoundly creepy paced arctic set ice remarkably chilling scully centered episode sea episodes season received despite costly production space episode derided decidedly little treatment challenger disaster jersey devil described pretty silly whilst plots shadows born panned similar accolades season received primetime emmy award nominations win nominated outstanding individual achievement title designers won outstanding individual achievement dvd release
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The X-Files (season 1)
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Media and drama
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Television
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The X-Files series
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4166_DeepThroat(TheX-Files)
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x-files fictional character american science fiction television series files serves informant leaking information fbi special agent fox_mulder aid mulder investigation paranormal cases dubbed files introduced series second episode named character killed season finale later appearances flashbacks visions character portrayed appearances character killed introduced second season episode host portray successor creation inspired historical leaked information scandal character film conceptual history series creator chris_carter stated character course inspired historical real informant leaking information fbi investigation scandal journalists conclusion x-files later revealed fbi associate director cited influence fictional character portrayed film film reveals information possibility assassination orchestrated elements american government carter felt needed create character bridge gap fbi agents fox_mulder david_duchovny dana_scully gillian_anderson conspirators working conceived character works level government idea exists carter drawn actor seeing firm believed initial appearance time role soon found regularly series vancouver filming location short notice producer spoken character stating production left ambiguous ally foe filming character death season finale champagne told carter dies files appearances seen visions season blessing way seventh season sixth extinction flashbacks fourth season cigarette smoking man assumed alien season finale character arc season x-files provided mulder scully information unable obtain member unseen syndicate position know great deal information felt truth syndicate kept secret public needed known believed mulder person capable exposing knowledge disappearance provided mulder false information order divert later explaining believed public ready know truths vietnam war worked ufo shot marines surviving extraterrestrial brought executed later claimed assisting mulder way actions stated participant lies witness deeds man imagine season finale x-files mulder taken hostage group following investigation alien human hybrid program fearing mulder life helped scully gain access high facility managed secretly remove preserved alien use saving mulder subsequent meeting assassin buried arlington national cemetery character later appeared dreams visions experienced mulder reservation years later experimented smoking man reception character received critics fans entertainment_weekly described performance world weary listed appearance character eponymous début episode 37th greatest television moment 1990s felt times presence episodes ghost machine reviewing character début episode called interesting new character television chris_carter stated performance gave series element needed felt episode great opportunity expand character role writing zack_handlen called death shocking moment know coming praising desperation evident performance curse continuity led character quickly replaced writing digital_spy felt tenure x-files arguably peak praised acting role book truth noted character helped establish tone gravity x-files provide spine series
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Deep Throat (The X-Files)
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Media and drama
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Television
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The X-Files series
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4900_TheX-FilesMythology,Volume4–SuperSoldiers
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volume super soldiers volume collection fourth dvd release containing selected episodes eighth ninth seasons american science fiction television series files episodes collected release form end series mythology centered involve alien super soldiers dana_scully gillian_anderson son william collection contains seven episodes eighth season seven ninth episodes follow investigations paranormal related cases files fbi special agents dana_scully gillian_anderson following scully partner fox_mulder david_duchovny abduction aliens assisted assistant director walter_skinner mitch_pileggi agent events covered episodes include return death resurrection mulder birth scully child william discovery super soldier conspiracy discovery remains space ship canada scully choice william adoption mulder trial conviction escape discovery truth collection contains final episodes series mythology fictional overarching story release features closure series long running arcs production episodes drastically affected star duchovny left released november collection received mixed negative reviews critics play supporting roles collection plot summary dana_scully gillian_anderson learns women reportedly abducted alien babies begins question pregnancy introduces scully fbi specialist crime shortly fox_mulder david_duchovny deceased body suddenly appears forest night following mulder funeral assistant director walter_skinner mitch_pileggi threatened kill scully baby born multiple disappeared night mulder returned deceased dead body resurrected restored health mulder returns death scully supervising recovery fully mulder investigates files orders soon gets fired leaving charge cases mulder continues provide input unofficial capacity reluctantly accepting assistance mulder skinner learn alien virus recently created secret members united_states government replaced humans including miles high ranking fbi personnel called alien super soldiers claims soldiers virtually aliens want sure humans survive colonization earth learned scully baby special child afraid greater miles arrives fbi headquarters mulder skinner help scully escape reyes drives remote farm shortly skinner kills scully delivers apparently normal baby alien super soldiers surround explanation aliens leave area mulder arrives reyes report fbi headquarters mulder takes scully newborn son william apartment mulder goes hiding scully reassigned reyes new fbi partner files office reyes discover conspiracy place nation water causing creating super soldiers leads clandestine laboratory secret experiment taking place board connections scully child william files office investigation hampered deputy director assistant director hopeful reuniting mulder complete stranger shadow man offers service drive mulder hiding scully takes offer near gets mulder killed revealed man super soldier later scully reyes find evidence dangerous ufo cult found spacecraft similar scully studied africa years ago cult kidnaps william destroyed baby crying ship killing cult william finds strange man files office initially believes man mulder revealed mulder half brother sticks needle william agents believe virus kind later revealed cure william powers mulder returns hiding discovered looking classified information army base allegedly killing apparently super soldier placed trial defend x-files help reyes mulder breaks mulder scully travel new_mexico find old wise man later revealed smoking man tells aliens arrive reyes aid mulder scully escaping fbi seen room facing uncertain future production settling contract dispute quit time participation seventh season order explain mulder absence duchovny character abducted aliens seventh season finale requiem rounds contractual discussions duchovny agreed return total eighth season episodes marked return duchovny mulder appeared briefly flashback appearances small cameos series creator chris_carter later argued mulder series affect characterization noting characters powerful absent centers mulder ninth seasons end eighth season duchovny announced leave good addition lead actress anderson contract expired end eighth season anderson expressed growing series beginning eighth season saying lot people don like job quit job don necessarily option anderson cited fact years long time contributing factor indifference carter soon changed position announced remain continue anderson agreed season eventually fox offered anderson generous incentive stay resulting retention carter anderson final season departure duchovny limited use anderson garnered criticism fans critics alike saying bond mulder scully actually kept seven seasons going ninth season producers decided drastically change style opening credits important happened today changed original credits previous seasons credits included new graphics new cards finale episode series truth written series creator carter later noted end don chance better wanted episode things distract going band breaking idea saying frank decided probably time strange writing things knowing time scully certain things hear mulder saying certain things explained kind nice chris announcement january times wrap minds end plan characters later said great respect elegant closing curtain called finale passing generation reception collection episodes received mixed negative reviews critics gave collection negative review noted closed note furthermore wrote main issue release hardcore fans series come x-files mulder scully weren quick swallow couple new characters running department ultimately concluded poor episodes lack bonus features included collection proof fox eager wash hands disappointing demise popmatters wrote negatively mythology seasons noting story convoluted past seasons happened entertainment_weekly reviewer ken_tucker speculated chris_carter understand complex new_york_times called storyline involving scully child left haunted sad anderson highly critical final season mythology story calling clumsy mash stuff worked new serialized storylines called super soldiers episodes special features
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The X-Files Mythology, Volume 4 – Super Soldiers
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Media and drama
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Television
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The X-Files series
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5044_TheX-Files(season7)
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x-files season seventh season american science fiction television series files commenced airing fox network united_states november concluded consists episodes taking place destruction syndicate season marks end story lines season fox_mulder david_duchovny learned true fate sister samantha season concludes mulder abducted aliens dana_scully gillian_anderson learning pregnant broadcasting season began duchovny sued fox eventually announced decision leave result season feature duchovny time capacity return later seasons intermittent main character eventual character change season feature original opening sequence series later years updated intro attempt renew revive series seventh season premiere sixth extinction debuted nielsen rating viewed million viewers marking noticeable drop viewership sixth season series fell number number television year critically seventh season received mixed positive reviews reviewers felt produced good episodes weakest duchovny anderson seasons plot overview events season finale walter_skinner mitch_pileggi desperately attempting find truth called alien object fox_mulder david_duchovny imprisoned brain activity dana_scully gillian_anderson skinner unaware fbi special agent working cigarette smoking man scully travels africa secrets alien artifacts finding looks like spaceship buried shoreline coast object prove life originated religion based contact alien life unsuccessful scully returns africa mulder washington instead finds disappeared contacts skinner find partner taken mulder place problems disappeared helps scully locate mulder leads death hands cigarette smoking man investigating bizarre disappearance young girl home mulder obsessed number children vanished similar circumstances scully fears emotionally involved sister disappearance time revealed mother committed suicide tries prove mother life ultimately forced accept mother death hand led man son disappeared years earlier truth sister souls taken walk ins saving souls children doomed live unhappy lives locate evidence proves samantha abducted forced live abandoned army base later revealed samantha walk spirit mulder scully investigate case leads oregon site case series alien taking place mulder scully contacted scully falls ill investigation returns washington contacts attempt revive government conspiracy unwilling assist seeking revenge contact mulder visits alien crash site skinner mulder return oregon scully hospitalized washington trapped alien device abducted alien bounty hunter miles skinner returns washington scully informs pregnant production background seasons vancouver canada production x-files moved los_angeles sixth season season filmed new location instigated duchovny order facilitate work films chance nearer wife series creator chris_carter opposed fox network officials eventually decision film california unpopular members cast crew series director kim_manners anderson supported vocally duchovny fans accused hollywood adding notable guests stars making plots simpler enjoyable mass audiences furthermore los_angeles meant drastic increase production costs development originally mythology season seven supposed continue fathers son story arc frank_spotnitz interview explained mythology episodes season seven feature characters saw son coming explore happens conspiracy destroyed politics new landscape exists aliens outer space different races addition said planned series finale feature big idea chris carter beginning ideas came pass season finale requiem directly eighth season premiere duchovny later revealed ended final episodes devoted myth arc filming underway seventh season members crew felt entered final season executive producer frank_spotnitz later explained pretty strong sentiment inside outside time day producers felt nearing end story arcs ended season fourth episode millennium written way bring closure recently cancelled carter created series episode features reprising role frank time eleventh episode closure features mulder discovering happened sister idea close story arc received mixed reactions production crew members producers realized time come answer biggest questions noted seven years don think going miss device motivation strong early years years gone speculation kind melted away season progressed idea producing season emerged explained found starting got end season kind hopeful season saw cast write episodes series star gillian_anderson directed wrote episode series things anderson originally approached carter writing directing episode series sixth season anderson crafted script scully pursuing deeply personal taken spiritual path logic fails anderson rough outline script day wrote majority story sitting explained certain concept began form wrote entire outline things right kind came page day anderson pitched script carter approved personal quiet characteristics story addition series regular davis wrote episode davis approached carter idea man trying seduce scully medical knowledge carter intrigued responded positively idea assigned executive producer work davis craft fledged script script went revisions cigarette smoking man able manipulate scully carter later referred episode year lawsuit season aired david_duchovny filed lawsuit 20th century fox duchovny upset claimed fox rights costing huge sums money originally contract duchovny eligible estimated percent according seen fraction money eventually lawsuit settled duchovny awarded settlement million lawsuit strain duchovny professional relationships lawsuit called chris_carter defendant friendship notably impacted anonymous source noted lawsuit thing revealed carter knew duchovny getting didn warn carter proved lay actions carter duchovny contracted work series seventh season fox entered negotiations near end season order bring board eighth season airing requiem duchovny expressed intentions leave series explained kind free agent season seven terms character wanting pursue parts career writer director actor rumors began spreading eventually confirmed duchovny expressed interest appear main character eighth season character mulder place fans internet believed mitch_pileggi portrayed walter_skinner role later called guess ridiculous crew series creator chris_carter served executive producer showrunner wrote episodes continued executive producer wrote episodes continued executive producer wrote episodes promoted supervising producer wrote episodes promoted producer wrote episodes promoted story editor wrote episodes returned write second episodes series cast member duchovny wrote episodes season cast members anderson davis wrote episode new writers seventh season included wrote episode wrote single freelance episode producers included joined executive producer producing directors included producer supervising producer manners executive producer directed bulk episodes season directed episodes final season series manners directed seven directed cast members david_duchovny gillian_anderson directed episode series creator chris_carter directed single episode series writer television directorial debut directors season included directed episodes directing cast main cast david_duchovny special agent fox_mulder episodes gillian_anderson special agent dana_scully episodes recurring cast starring mitch_pileggi walter_skinner episodes episodes episodes guest starring episodes episodes marked double dagger episodes series alien mythology arc reception ratings seventh season x-files debuted sixth extinction november episode earned nielsen rating share meaning roughly percent television equipped households percent households watching television tuned episode episode viewed million people increase sixth season finale viewed million viewers debut marked decrease sixth season debut beginning garnered million viewers season continued ratings began drop season hit low eighteenth episode brand viewed million viewers season finale requiem earned nielsen rating share viewed million viewers marking percent drop viewers compared season premiere percent drop viewers compared previous season finale series ranked number television season finishing average million viewers companies paying fox second spot air acts x-files information technology companies buying commercials largely fact weekly fix science fiction prime time reviews seventh season received moderately positive reviews critics increasingly critical reviews common season critics enjoyed episodes felt season weakest original seven new_york_daily_news praised season noting proof x-files creative life justify eighth season called stand episodes wonderfully creepy noted season possessed terrific bunch episodes cinefantastique gave season mixed review noted series hurt partnership mulder scully ing comfortable groove modern career marriage supportive professionally rewarding utterly noted entertaining episode self parodies killer living dead duchovny written directed episode scully mulder played motion picture slightly motion picture called x-files argued self parody style series caused viewers seriously anymore explaining longer going big carter company audience pretend believe anymore book examination unauthorized look seasons files positive half season soon saw episodes negative light wrote season began hope ended sense sorrow given end result season long backstage dealing reference david_duchovny lawsuit magnificent season finale doubts series amazing long soon embark new course wrought turmoil noted seasons x-files good great seventh season possessed significant problems episodes received variety reviews positively received reviews praised episode highly promoted cross police reality review new_york_daily_news called outing exceptionally clever named episode funniest series duchovny penned praised self comedy reviews episodes harshly received anderson writing debut things dull heavy handed brand hand called waste episode accolades seventh season earned series primetime emmy award nominations wins episode person shooter won outstanding sound mixing drama series outstanding special visual effects series episode won outstanding makeup series nominations included outstanding music composition series dramatic episode person shooter outstanding sound editing series rush outstanding special visual effects series series gillian_anderson won best actress series respectively nominations included screen actors guild award nominations david_duchovny gillian_anderson nomination brand international monitor award nomination rush dvd release
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The X-Files (season 7)
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Media and drama
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Television
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The X-Files series
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6433_WalterSkinner
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walter_skinner fbi assistant director skinner fictional character fox science fiction supernatural television shows x-files skinner supervised files office concerned cases particularly mysterious possibly supernatural circumstances left shelved fbi fox_mulder fbi agent charge x-files considers files truth supposed conspiracy portrayed american actor mitch_pileggi skinner main character ninth tenth seasons recurring character seasons skinner appearance season episode start series skinner mulder belief extraterrestrial series run skinner moved respect agree mulder idea finally proven requiem saw alien spacecraft walter_skinner received critical acclaim fan favorite received role walter_skinner auditions role beginning small cameo character frequently appearances second season honored numerous awards award nominations portrayal skinner character arc skinner marine vietnam war veteran war killed boy short distance experience life married treated sleep disorder clinic suffering recurring dreams old woman arising drug use vietnam skinner include boxing shown ability fox_mulder defend reasonably attacked men initially skinner acts solely supervisor dana_scully investigations paranormal early episodes unclear entirely independent actions controlled men eventually skinner begins mulder scully ally saving lives multiple occasions stands conspirators tried control frequently pays series skinner long broken free cigarette smoking man forced orders time infected gives leverage control years later skinner finally able rid attempt life skinner fatally shoots mulder murder trial skinner asked act mulder lawyer having supporter mulder cause later skinner deputy director confront man office discover x-files office emptied results apparently permanent closing files division years later x-files closed skinner assists scully finding mulder goes missing consulting fbi investigation disappearance missing agent mulder skinner shown friendly terms despite mulder animosity fbi events following trial conceptual history creation development role walter_skinner played actor mitch_pileggi unsuccessfully auditioned characters x-files getting fact asked audition recurring role slightly discovered reason previously cast roles chris_carter unable characters fact actor head actor attended audition walter_skinner mood allowed small hair grow attitude fit walter_skinner character causing carter assume actor pretending successfully auditioning role thought lucky cast earlier roles believed appeared single episode missed opportunity play recurring role walter_skinner thought got role gillian_anderson portrayed dana_scully pregnancy second season saying producers felt needed different direction pregnant felt start compensated situation character started grow producers fellow cast puts character started kind working end second season producers wanted return future episodes signed year contract interview files fan site host commented felt david_duchovny portrayed fox_mulder semi departure season introduction fact started believe aliens end season seven skinner given opportunity grow stating new avenues opened stated missed duchovny presence x-files continued saying didn opportunity work seventh season went far saying interaction characters positive new storyline conceived duchovny departure saying gave shot arm want believe writers carter frank_spotnitz aimed avoid storyline appearances characters television series skinner returning character movie included film plot fitting opportunity involve arose carter happy write skinner story scenes include skinner filmed late movie filming schedule particular scene acts character introduction movie filmed reasons time different locations reception character received critical acclaim fans critics alike fan favourite mitch_pileggi received acclaim portrayal character winning getting nominated work x-files mitch_pileggi cast members nominated category outstanding performance ensemble drama series win following broadcast breath skinner recalls serving marine vietnam war received fan letters vietnam veterans named character skinner spy cult icon describing corporate middle man reacted positively death hands skinner saying best scene eighth season finale existence review site writers said season episode said story largely thanks skinner saying skinner delivered review x-files feature film said character series film entertainment_weekly reviewer said skinner brought real element danger
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Walter Skinner
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Media and drama
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Television
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The X-Files series
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6781_TheX-FilesMythology,Volume3–Colonization
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volume colonization files mythology volume collection dvd release containing selected episodes fifth eighth seasons american science fiction television series files episodes collected release form middle series mythology centered alien colonization efforts fall syndicate fox_mulder david_duchovny abduction collection contains episodes fifth season sixth seventh eighth episodes follow investigations paranormal related cases files fbi special agents fox mulder dana_scully gillian_anderson mulder believer paranormal skeptical scully assigned debunk work events covered episodes include discovery alien human hybrid destruction syndicate discovery remains space ship africa fate mulder sister samantha abduction subsequent hunt direction collection features closure long running arcs new introductions series mythology series creator chris_carter felt series ongoing story lines confusing scrapped started released september collection generally received mixed positive reviews critics mitch_pileggi play supporting roles collection plot summary centers fbi special agents fox_mulder david_duchovny dana_scully gillian_anderson work cases linked paranormal called files mulder believer paranormal having lost belief fifth season opener skeptical scully assigned debunk work rebel alien race secretly attacks groups alien agents meet woman claims multiple wants deliver positive message aliens eventually mulder scully learn truth abduction goes missing son angrily attempts push way fbi syndicate tests black oil sacrificing later assassination chess leads mulder scully investigation soon discover strikes heart x-files learn real target boy named washington mulder appears fbi panel experiences antarctica later denied x-files division mulder scully replaced later skinner mysteriously poisoned infection culprit revealed rogue fbi agent worked syndicate continues control potentially skinner system order achieve goals mulder scully later learn reports rebel aliens burning doctors working finding informs mulder scully aliens destroy life earth successful alien human hybrid smoking man reveals agrees help mulder forcibly takes mulder facility fort syndicate rendezvous check point preparing taken away colonists invasion met alien rebels including save smoking man escape killed smoking man months later metallic artifact inscriptions discovered beach africa mulder examines object falls dangerous coma hoping find cure partner scully rushes africa discovers massive wreck large spacecraft partially buried ocean skinner desperately attempt find truth alien object unsuccessful scully returns africa mulder instead finds disappeared contacts skinner find partner smoking man taken mulder away mulder brain surgery failure investigating bizarre disappearance young girl home mulder soon discovers truth sister disappearance revealed sister taken walk ins spirit save souls children doomed live unhappy lives mulder scully locate evidence proves samantha abducted smoking man forced live abandoned army base mulder eventually reunited spirit sister allowing finally let mulder scully investigate case alien abduction leads oregon site case investigating mulder taken ufo scully soon meets special agent leader fbi organized conduct search fox_mulder search ultimately proves unsuccessful assigned x-files works scully look explanations cases background season sixth season mysterious syndicate explored detail episode fathers son syndicate destroyed plan eliminate syndicate series mythology new direction originally conceived september director kim_manners stated said years resolved accident story line syndicate bees aliens chips neck accidentally fall place create intriguing mysterious storyline eventually got mysterious intriguing chris blow couldn deal anymore sixth extinction trio episodes started new mythology series questioning origin human life series creator chris_carter claimed interested subject citing possibility extraterrestrial involvement great happened millions years ago carter claimed early met man people responsible leading project mapping human interested subject tie alien mythology scientific basis pursued writers help mulder scully beliefs come later seasons frank_spotnitz claimed ideas episode discussed carter years easier bring clearing away elements conspiracy episodes fathers son closure written create end mulder quest sister samantha abducted child idea close story arc received mixed reactions production crew members producers realized time come answer biggest questions explained think series star david_duchovny grew tired playing man missing sister told going time going play noted seven years don think going miss device motivation strong early years years gone speculation kind melted away requiem written way potentially end series filming underway seventh season members crew felt entered final season executive producer frank_spotnitz later explained pretty strong sentiment inside outside time day eventually decided mulder abducted end seventh season leaving things open actor return episodes following year eventually replaced reception critical reception release ranged mixed positive magazine noted set compilation strongest mythology boxes far released went sixth extinction arc best set dvd talk critical wrote story interesting intriguing entertaining selection episodes offer level excitement compared previous volumes concluded commenting entertainment value enjoy slant_magazine awarded box set half stars commented conclusion long running arcs noted mulder witness events destruction syndicate death sister wrote forth emotionally effective award image quality dvds stars refer presentation excellent episodes special features
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The X-Files Mythology, Volume 3 – Colonization
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Media and drama
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Television
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The X-Files series
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7868_TheX-FilesMythology,Volume1–Abduction
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volume abduction volume collection dvd release containing selected episodes seasons american science fiction television series files episodes collected release form beginning series mythology centred alien abduction hands colonists elements introduced collected episodes arose necessity production working pregnancy lead actress gillian_anderson led creation plot thread introduction recurring characters episodes collection follow investigations paranormal related cases files fbi special agents fox mulder david_duchovny dana_scully anderson mulder believer paranormal skeptical scully assigned debunk work events covered episodes include meeting mulder scully introduction assassination secretive informant apparent return mulder lost sister abduction return scully collection contains episodes series mythology fictional story arcs series began chris_carter think creating mythology episodes focusing extraterrestrial life felt stories wanted tell eventually writers saw personal episodes based government conspiracy developed stories based mitch_pileggi play supporting roles collection released june collection received generally positive reviews critics plot summary fbi special agent fox_mulder david_duchovny working files unexplained cases paranormal origin appointed partner investigations dana_scully gillian_anderson superiors hoping able debunk discredit work case investigation possible oregon evidence destroyed fire later case involving disappearance united_states_air_force test pilot sees introduction secretive informant continues provide agents sensitive information help supplemented conspiracy theorist group contacted help abduction case soon killed helps agents uncover details government human program files unit closed shortly unable continue work scully mulder information possible extraterrestrial contact puerto_rico finding program observatory forcibly closed pair later allowed resume work scully later kidnapped multiple alien barry takes scully abducted presumably aliens found later date having mysteriously arrived hospital recovers days later mulder receives father finding sister samantha abducted child returned samantha pursued bounty hunter human clones samantha killed revealed simply number clones produced alien tissue create alien human hybrid contact mulder scully successful attempt friend theirs hack defense computer system able mulder downloaded information digital cassette later assassinated downloaded files found written contacting floyd red crow man capable translating files mulder shown box car appear alien corpses trapped box car series antagonist smoking man left dead destroyed later found health scully investigates possible involvement smallpox program human genetic experimentation discovering nazi scientist defected operation conducting human experimentation create alien human hybrids sister shot assassins mistake dies hospital night background series began chris_carter think creating mythology episodes focusing extraterrestrial life felt stories wanted tell eventually writers saw personal episodes based government conspiracy reason development ongoing mythology producers afraid creating thread episodes conspiracy feeling according carter mythology sprung series pilot follow set idea aliens earth years carter sees final scene launching moment entire mythology main theme series stemming episodes fox_mulder quest find truth sister abducted child quest drove character investigate paranormal setting framework series stand episodes featuring early season mythology developed largely based pregnancy actress gillian_anderson pregnant midway production season executive producer frank_spotnitz described best thing happened series noting mythology ended running life series gillian_anderson pregnant initially thoughts anderson character scully giving birth alien child ultimately writers decided work anderson pregnancy writers decided closing files end season separate mulder scully scully abducted episodes later addition creation storyline concerning scully abduction anderson reduced role half second season permitted writers develop characters including assistant director walter_skinner mitch_pileggi smoking man resulted introduction character initially created writer temporarily replace scully mulder partner episodes eventually grew character lasted seven seasons prior second season episode breath smoking man shadows providing forbidding presence smoking man words entire season producer director faith ability role series chief antagonist later revealed producers davis running acting school teaching actors ninth season guest star story colony end game carter duchovny created recurring character alien bounty hunter according carter duchovny came said great like alien bounty hunter idea carter approved noted actor cast role chosen distinctive look notably face mouth reception released june collection received generally positive reviews critics slant_magazine rated stars praising quality episodes included set ultimately finding best viewed context standalone episodes omitted jersey devil episodes aid series dual character study writing ign rated collection finding mythology based episodes formed basis relationship characters mulder scully making reference season episode squeeze included collection added people watched series little green men liver eating elastic monsters relationship series total success found set extra features material sparse describing complaining writing dvd talk impressed collection finding featured episodes worked losing stating casual viewer fan owns season sets owning volume abduction felt negatively collection noting interested likely collected episodes releases asking buy abduction depends commentaries worth chances love x-files probably bought episodes included episodes special features
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The X-Files Mythology, Volume 1 – Abduction
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Media and drama
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Television
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The X-Files series
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8013_Well-ManicuredMan
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man man fictional character american science fiction television series files serves antagonist fbi special agents fox_mulder david_duchovny dana_scully gillian_anderson member sinister syndicate agents seek foil introduced season man served highlight ranks syndicate ultimately betrayed leaking information mulder committing suicide series feature film character man portrayed appearances episodes feature film according series writers character represents non violent voice reason series antagonists portrayal man positively received critics noted moral manner character arc introduced beginning season man english member syndicate shadow organization united_states government exists hide public fact aliens planning earth important member syndicate smoking man elder friend earlier life man prefers subtlety force attempt manipulate way physical violence syndicate goals opposed fox_mulder david_duchovny dana_scully gillian_anderson man times aid clues information believing letting certain information help close consequently allow controlled man openly smoking man seeing maintain bitter relationship syndicate series man instrumental syndicate secondary agenda develop black oil aliens means mind control end works russian double agent develop eventually testing successfully syndicate mole feature film files scully infected black oil taken antarctica man having grown disillusioned syndicate gives mulder coordinates needed find sample needed cure scully colonists kept secret secondary characteristic black oil infected prolonged periods new killing host discovering syndicate vowed work closely colonists hope spared fate man wished continue working resistance rejection led betrayal syndicate committing suicide car bomb discovered conceptual history stated originally hired episodes series character regularly brought audience simply doesn know stands good evil series creator chris_carter described character terms relationship smoking man noting characters seen differing approach differing philosophy differing personality writer frank_spotnitz described man sort white knight black knight chess game playing character described carter voice reason syndicate believes violence wrong way protect secret guard man suicide scene series film adaptation went conceptual outcomes considered including car suicide concussion grenade ultimately car bomb scene decided reception character man positively received critics mtv called legendary character noting moral work shadow organization ability mulder scully writing praised character manner noting represented polar opposite smoking man fellow writer todd_vanderwerff positive man feeling series benefited making use character san_francisco_chronicle praised portrayal character feature film calling monologue demonstration art writing described character white haired dangerous noting equally ease virginia horse country tony rooms manhattan halls facilities house bizarre medical experiments den geek countdown files described man super smooth super brit noting served boss sorts smoking man speaking role eclipsed acting work quoted saying gave kind profile didn shouldn
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Well-Manicured Man
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Media and drama
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The X-Files series
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9428_JeffreySpender
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fbi special agent fictional character american fox television series files science fiction government conspiracy hide deny truth alien existence partner control x-files office fox_mulder dana_scully forced leaves beginning files office concerned cases particularly mysterious possibly supernatural circumstances left shelved fbi portrayed canadian actor recurring character fifth sixth final seasons x-files agent appearance fifth season episode patient earlier appearances series mulder belief extraterrestrial life acted appearing ninth season moved respect agree mulder beliefs proven fathers sees helps kill alien rebel character arc assigned x-files fox_mulder forced leave son cigarette smoking man cigarette smoking man wife multiple heavily involved syndicate time cigarette smoking man abandoned family years old subsequently mother driven insane claims multiple alien shortly abducted returned samantha raised father california met dana_scully year cigarette smoking man began sending letters returned father set fire x-files end agent start working x-files got orders cigarette smoking man push eventually mulder scully fired fbi eventually fathers later mulder scully files shot head apparently killed father son years later revealed william survived gunshot subjected experiments hand father posing mulder scully house injected william substance seemingly cure baby powers motivation repercussions actions fully explained testified defense mulder murder trial truth revealed trial having affair fox_mulder half brothers dna test conducted episode william initially led agents scully reyes believe mulder lending claim mulder children cigarette smoking man conceptual history creation early development previously portrayed episodes cigarette smoking man demons portrayed great post modern cast landed guest role files spin millennium chris_carter david_duchovny pleased portrayal great picked role making audition crew members reacted positively selection creating character carter long term plans involvement meaning involvement wouldn differ different previous recurring characters small cameo appearance red black young version fifth season production period entered final months rumors began especially production crew members vancouver canada future series particularly concerning moving los_angeles california sixth season new recurring character planned case david_duchovny cut commitment series replacement duchovny character fox_mulder time fledged substitute contradictory rumors heard duchovny appear episodes sixth season casting sign series leaving vancouver staying according actor knew duchovny leaving series discovered x-files moving los_angeles official announcement according learned demise son usual way chris_carter actor discuss latest script carter telling heroic exit series story arc questioned news slightly unable believe leaving series soon apparently news departure series confirmed shortly received episode script came time film final scene son actor upset saying didn want shoot adding enjoyed working actor hand davis trouble scene fathers twice hit later development season years written series actor moved toronto canada received unexpected phone david_duchovny said production crew filming series finale episode late season wanted bring episodes duchovny survival shooting years earlier explained away plot device alien injection mentioned experience fun shit realize duchovny meant got studio saw makeup appearance sight shocked reception entertainment_weekly writer ken_tucker called portrayal stiff chicago_sun-times responded positively character calling shortly premiere terms started notice strange reactions people street assumed odd expressions annoyance character actions day particularly aggravated fan series actually shook finger called paper
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Jeffrey Spender
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Media and drama
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Television
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The X-Files series
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10567_X(TheX-Files)
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files referred fictional character american science fiction television series files serves informant leaking information fbi special agents fox mulder dana_scully aid investigation paranormal cases dubbed files character serves replacement killed season finale killed appearing seasons eventually replaced portrayed series début second season episode host character appear screen episodes later role originally conceived female cast role initial scenes deemed unsatisfactory producers leading replacement williams portrayal intended introduce personality completely different character predecessor positively received critics fans conceptual history character originally intended woman cast role replaced shooting scene writing staff felt able create right chemistry stars williams previous experience writers series creator chris_carter suggested williams portrayal role intended act portrayal predecessor character written performed scared selfish character prior episode breath felt character going fans series simply copy actor worth having series regular included episode scene murders witnesses seen speaking fox_mulder morgan felt scene reflected paranoia difference predecessor noting guy willing lose life letting secret guy scared williams stated attempted character motives imagine backstory preferring play role little background possible stated know interesting williams background fight choreography stemming role missing action beginning allowed prepare help create character actions scenes including character brawl mitch_pileggi character walter_skinner episode end game williams stated portrayal role based character hawk series hire character arc introduced series phone fox_mulder david_duchovny second season episode host telling mulder friend fbi character appear screen episodes later aiding mulder investigation leaking information secret military project vietnam war agenda unclear proved want mulder dead episode end game approached dana_scully gillian_anderson pleads needs know mulder believing life danger initially refuses subsequently confronted walter_skinner mitch_pileggi recognize mulder location brief intense skinner episode loyalty mulder confirmed trapped train car equipped time bomb mulder escape attacked brutally men black assassin fatally shoots step car boards car time left save mulder alien human hybrid car transporting save mulder carries safety car explodes season opener position informant discovered syndicate suspicion arises finding photographs taken smoking man william davis false information planted elder behest order root leak attempting relay information mulder goes apartment surprised fellow men black operative gray haired man fatally shoots strength mulder writes blood meaning special representative secretary general united_nations clue leads mulder death appears times lone gunmen origin story unusual suspects set death ghost series finale truth reception character received critics entertainment_weekly included character list black sci icons number vanderwerff writing praised williams acting adding wished writers figured way vanderwerff fellow writer zack_handlen felt character assassination appropriately shocking calling scene memorable death sic series felt immediate introduction character successor importance loss episode handlen called best mulder explaining reluctant provide information sure play running series writer frank_spotnitz called lethal killer planet noted feels episodes chiefly responsible character popularity fans williams nominated screen actors guild award outstanding performance ensemble drama series work alongside gillian_anderson david_duchovny mitch_pileggi
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X (The X-Files)
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Media and drama
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Television
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The X-Files series
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11590_TheX-Files(season6)
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x-files season sixth season science fiction television series files commenced airing fox network united_states november concluding channel consisted episodes season continued feature film focused heavily fbi federal agents fox_mulder david_duchovny dana_scully gillian_anderson separation demise syndicate shadow government group attempting cover existence episode fathers son season filmed los_angeles production moved vancouver canada largely behest duchovny wished closer wife series creator chris_carter opposed series director kim_manners anderson approved vocal degree duchovny half season saw characters respectively recurring characters despite debuting high viewing figures ranking twelfth watched television series television year season saw slight decrease ratings previous trend continue final year season received mixed positive reviews television critics critics fans alienated different tone taken stand episodes los_angeles previous style monsters week romantic humorous combination plot overview washington agent fox_mulder appears fbi panel experiences antarctica assistant director walter_skinner mitch_pileggi tells mulder scully denied division mulder goes basement office discover assigned x-files going orders mulder scully track escaped alien phoenix arizona gives chase mulder scully eventually discover locate creature scully brings gibson hospital determined alien virus blood later skinner mysteriously poisoned infection culprit revealed rogue fbi agent worked syndicate continues control potentially skinner system order achieve goals mulder scully later learn reports rebel aliens burning doctors working alien mother skinner takes scene asks mulder informs mulder scully aliens destroy life earth claims rebel force aliens faces prevent infection black oil man reveals agrees help mulder later escapes hospital arrives mulder apartment demanding shoot embodiment years work syndicate alien human hybrid trigger colonization aliens learn existence arrives forcibly takes mulder scully facility fort mulder runs tells mulder subjected syndicate run black oil tests syndicate rendezvous preparing taken away colonists invasion met alien rebels including man escape killed months later metallic artifact inscriptions discovered beach africa mulder examines object begins suffering seemingly caused mulder condition gains abilities tells symbols artifact eventually mulder passes aggravated state placed observation hospital hoping find answer scully rushes africa finds massive wreck large spacecraft partially buried beach production background successful seasons x-files series creator chris_carter wanted tell story series wider scale ultimately meant creating feature film files movie film grossed abroad giving total worldwide gross opening weekend showing theaters earned total gross initially fifth season x-files supposed series proved lucrative fox additional seasons ordered sixth season began filming development seasons vancouver canada production x-files moved los_angeles beginning episode filmed new location instigated david_duchovny portrayed mulder order ease opportunity find movie work chance nearer wife series creator chris_carter opposed fox network officials eventually decision film california shot episode long look sun intended carter announce arrival southern_california result episode featured largely new group crew members hired carter frank_spotnitz new executive producer crew spend weeks material vancouver film crew unpopular members cast crew series director kim_manners actress gillian_anderson supported vocally duchovny fans accused hollywood adding notable guests stars making plots simpler enjoyable mass audiences addition reported fans loved moody filming vancouver lent series seasons sixth season reportedly lacked los_angeles meant drastic price increase series played noted time exchange rate canadian dollars pretty dramatic somebody told cost episode doubled moved addition reduced expensive special effects series able produce writer explained los_angeles expensive board apparent quickly longer going things nuclear submarines descending ice trains exploding middle woods crew series creator chris_carter served executive producer showrunner wrote episodes promoted executive producer wrote episodes wrote story episodes promoted executive producer wrote seven episodes promoted producer wrote episodes wrote story episode new writers sixth season included joined executive story editor wrote episodes wrote episodes freelance episodes written episode written series property master duchovny wrote episode solo previously collaborated writers including chris_carter episodes producers included producer producer joined producer producing directors included producer producer manners executive producer consulting producer directed bulk season episodes manners directed seven episodes directed directed directed series creator chris_carter directed episodes cast member david_duchovny directed episode series remaining episodes directed cast main cast david_duchovny special agent fox_mulder episodes gillian_anderson special agent dana_scully episodes duchovny contributes voice kind recurring cast starring mitch_pileggi deputy director walter_skinner episodes episodes episodes episodes guest starring episodes episodes marked double dagger episodes series alien mythology arc reception ratings sixth season x-files debuted beginning november episode earned nielsen rating share meaning roughly percent television equipped households percent households watching television tuned episode episode viewed million people marked increase fifth season finale end viewed million viewers debut marked drastic decrease fifth season debut garnered million viewers season continued ratings continued drop episode x-files reach million viewers rain king attracted million season hit eighteenth episode viewed million viewers season finale earned nielsen rating share viewed viewers marking percent drop viewers compared season premiere percent drop viewers compared previous season finale season ranked twelfth watched television series season average million viewers reviews season received positive reviews television critics fans alienated sixth season different tone taken stand episodes los_angeles previous style monsters week romantic humorous combination episodes rain king particular criticized reliance humor lighter stories fans internet began calling scary episodes files episodes derided paula_vitaris cinefantastique called episode alpha run mill monster week episode robert_shearman lars_pearson book wanting believe critical guide lone gunmen called episode files generic sixth season episodes poorly received season episode triangle largely lauded masterpiece critics episode shot real time look like filmed minute takes called classic standalone episode highlights season fathers son story arc featured destruction syndicate called coherent tense hours series run critic finally duchovny penned unnatural featured story alien fell love baseball praised critics plot directing originality review praised duchovny directing excellence referred ending heartbreaking accolades sixth season earned series primetime emmy award nominations win won outstanding makeup series episodes fathers son gillian_anderson received fourth final nomination outstanding lead actress drama series received second consecutive nomination outstanding guest actress drama series nominations included series outstanding music composition series dramatic heather outstanding single camera picture editing series outstanding art direction series outstanding sound editing series final season series received nominations gillian_anderson david_duchovny series receiving nominations dvd release
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The X-Files (season 6)
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Media and drama
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Television
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The X-Files series
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12816_CigaretteSmokingMan
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man cigarette smoking man abbreviated man referred cancer man smoking man fictional character primary antagonist fox science fiction supernatural television series files second seventh series tenth serves arch nemesis fbi special agent fox_mulder sixth season said dana_scully suggests hundreds characters fans continue refer variations smoking man seen chain smoking cigarettes words entire season smoking man eventually develops series primary antagonist early appearances seen offices section chief assistant director walter_skinner mulder partner dana_scully influential man working powers key member government conspiracy known syndicate hiding truth alien existence plan earth power influence remained strong syndicate destroyed smoking man portrayed canadian actor davis received role character written extra pilot episode returned small cameo appearances season making increasingly appearances seasons followed davis received award portrayal nominated ensemble awards guide included list villains time character arc birth date birthplace history smoking man confirmed possible version past provided fourth season episode cigarette smoking man conspiracy known lone gunmen claim smoking man born louisiana august episode claimed long history black american intelligence involved training cuban rebels assassin x-files writer frank_spotnitz stated version events possibility accepted canon appearance series oversees fbi agent dana_scully gillian_anderson briefing later evidence fox_mulder david_duchovny scully brought investigation alien abduction smoking man hiding truth public mulder seeks reveal public truth disappearance sister samantha leads rivalry lasts end series later seasons revealed member group known syndicate organization united_states government episode fathers reveals alias married son recruits fbi special agent subordinate close relationship mulder son finds father smoking man forced mother undergo medical treatments led nervous childhood years smoking man finds seemingly kills knowing colonization plan alien rebels return earth try persuade syndicate join war colonists believing strength alien rebels syndicate members meet air base transported spaceship survive colonization rebels appear instead colonists kill remaining chief members syndicate smoking man escapes destruction syndicate later sixth season evidence suggested smoking man mulder biological father eventually sixth extinction comes disagreement plans kill mulder helps scully investigation locate mulder leads death destruction syndicate smoking man starts operate wishes cancer begins wheelchair end episode requiem throwing flight stairs dead ninth season episode smoking man presumed dead learned attempted murder son failed led subject son terrible experiments series finale truth mulder scully travel remote new_mexico reach wise man lives fact smoking man condition worsened disappearance lives primitive life hiding new syndicate mulder scully reveals scully mulder knew alien colonization earth set december shortly apparently killed rocket shot helicopter ordered years presumed dead appears end struggle episode x-files miniseries stating x-files reopened smoking season finale struggle smoking man puts motion conspiracy working years releasing atmosphere trigger immune system american population infected virus mandatory flu fondness mulder offers cure disease rebuffed united_states thrown chaos syndicate plan gets underway series ends cliffhanger spin media prior tenth televised series files chris_carter worked produce comic book continuation hints smoking man alive indirectly feeding information mulder carter later said story comics disregarded future television productions characterization kim_manners director files episodes said smoking man version files fans categorized smoking man evil making villain series creator chris_carter hand called devil producing mixed reaction fans fans portraying actor hero forced choices surface smoking man merely tries hide information mulder scully involved syndicate shadow organization includes members united_states government exists hide public fact aliens planning earth smoking man protects secrets conspiracy serves main antagonist mulder equally consuming devotion reveal truth seven seasons stated justification desire prevent alien colonization long possible episode breath tells mulder conspiracy calls game believes secrets keeps publicly revealed threaten social order preserves society people know things know fall apart times shown working goal particularly connection developing protect people black oil parasitic agent alien colonists use development cast role portraying actor thought paranormal long joining x-files cast davis smoked cigarette years episodes appeared smoked real cigarettes later changed cigarettes giving reason dangerous health early script draft pilot special agent named present meeting near start episode having chosen scully assignment evaluate validity mulder work x-files scene eventually deleted replaced crew members hinted agent smoking man kim_manners said prominent pieces created x-files created accident according manners davis extra leaning shelf start producers sure making smoking man main antagonist commented know davis handle role sure good actor role manners later commented davis knew smoking man different characters played davis second cigarettes stated cigarette smoke tell story thanks davis talent fans series active debating smoking man actually dead events season premiere response chris_carter said left clues episode later officially announced character appear files movie comments matter said haven brought deceased characters flashbacks paranormal ways great thing x-files happen smoking man character series addition mulder scully appear episode pilot truth series portraying actor listed cia agent season episode young heart instead usual character smoking man actor time portrayed smoking man young man flashbacks later plays son young man played davis voice dubbed reception nominated work x-files cast members nominated category outstanding performance ensemble drama series win character regularly voted villain television polls 90s guide listed man 20th greatest villains list according portraying actor character garnered protest pro entertainment_weekly writer cited character example old tradition having bad guys smoking television davis included entertainment_weekly list biggest emmy list author saying presence cigarette smoking man important black oil alien scully skepticism malaysian newspaper called smoking man intriguing characters said mystery smoking man late season episodes likewise ken_tucker entertainment_weekly felt evil actively annoying later seasons presence mysterious anymore salon reviewer felt best didn exactly know motivations smoking man
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Cigarette Smoking Man
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Media and drama
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Television
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The X-Files series
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13751_MaritaCovarrubias
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fictional character american science fiction television series files initially introduced informant leaking diplomatic information fbi special agent fox_mulder aid investigation paranormal cases dubbed files revealed agent secretive syndicate ultimately organization occasions introduced fourth season opener character remained recurring presence series finale truth character portrayed appearances introduced replacement character killed syndicate assassin character received mixed criticism compared similar characters series conceptual history creator chris_carter felt interesting mulder contact woman noting wanted suspicion mulder involved romantically character previously filled role informant series originally cast female character actress cast role replaced shooting scene auditioning role allowed access episode script instead simply told character worked united_nations air intelligent seriousness actress seen series auditioned required audition pages scripted material debut episode required learn russian episode patient commented roughly seconds screen time took hours voice coach responsible instructing russian dialogue tested proficiency asking speak russian speaking friends telephone felt episode fathers son offered cold private character chance come vulnerable exposed raw character arc introduced informant fox_mulder david_duchovny death source letters blood dies leading mulder special representative secretary general united_nations uses diplomatic connections help mulder infiltrate russian province allowing reach site event later seen working smoking man william davis syndicate fifth season syndicate discovered betrayed providing information mulder result syndicate scientists black oil order test working create following season discovered fbi agent chamber begs help escape facility addressing giving information whereabouts mother syndicate agent acting present facility declines help pair leaves dead returns seventh season episode requiem restored health makes contact behest smoking man wishes resume work syndicate having given location downed ufo smoking man instead going fbi assistant director walter_skinner mulder inform craft later turn smoking man pushing flight stairs leaving dead series finale truth skinner seeks witness mulder trial murder skinner fails track ghost hands mulder scrap paper new address called testify speaks involvement syndicate extent pressed information continuation conspiracy mulder request dismissed stand fear certain knowledge killed reception character met generally negative criticism robert_shearman lars_pearson book wanting believe critical guide lone gunmen felt character introduction appearances added little episodes featured describing bad parody earlier characters writing cinefantastique felt acting son heart breaking sic found unfortunately simply convey plot point characters writing cinefantastique paula_vitaris noted problematic character adding breaks function plot device zack_handlen writing felt introduction ill timed noting importance death episode writer frank_spotnitz described young attractive vital dangerous compared older characters working syndicate compared character adding read saying intentions series initial broadcast run fans referred reference united_nations posting dyed hair
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Marita Covarrubias
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Media and drama
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Television
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The X-Files series
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13760_TheX-Files(season4)
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x-files season fourth season american science fiction television series files commenced airing fox network united_states october concluding channel contained episodes following filming airing season production began x-files feature film released following fifth season fourth season series focuses heavily fbi federal agents fox_mulder david_duchovny partner dana_scully gillian_anderson investigation alien conspiracy protected mysterious syndicate midway season scully diagnosed terminal cancer result previous abduction mulder begins lose faith idea debuting high viewing figures ranking twentieth watched television series television year united_states season success figures averaging million viewers episode time highest rated season files air season twelfth episode chosen fox lead program following super bowl viewed million viewers making highest rated episode series run critical reception television critics positive plot overview centers fbi special agents fox_mulder david_duchovny dana_scully gillian_anderson work cases linked paranormal called files syndicate suspect members passing information mulder scully organize trap find leak information safety mulder mother bait role informant discovered shot dead able pass informant use mulder special representative secretary general united_nations aid sought mulder attempts reach russia investigate source black oil contamination whilst mulder held successful test subject black oil escapes able return america having found working russians having diagnosed cancer scully unsure future fbi mulder convinced condition result earlier abduction ascension prepared deal syndicate find cure walter_skinner mitch_pileggi secretly makes deal instead pursued assassin responsible hoax alien corpse discovered mulder suicide assassin face provide body uses distraction offers infiltrate pentagon find cure scully cancer scully able uncover reveal syndicate connection fbi production writing season saw drastic changes series alien mythology premiere episode williams actor played mulder informant written said carter called personally said got good news got bad news good news gon bring episode week bad news gon bullet writers created new character function mulder informant carter felt interesting mulder contact woman noting wanted suspicion mulder involved romantically introduced killer bees play larger film carter described fourth season maybe intense difficult season season notable introduced story arc scully developing terminal cancer resolved beginning fifth season producers decided gillian_anderson character dana_scully cancer early season carter initially discussed giving scully mother cancer decided scully suffer instead carter felt interesting platform discuss things faith science health care certain element paranormal writing staff felt decision poor citing cheap thing frank_spotnitz felt given appearances cancer stricken previous episodes scully follow suit following cancellation fox television series space carter called series creators previously writers seasons x-files asked wanted rejoin series morgan told carter rejoin episodes use members cast space world finally carter accepted condition provided seasons episodes filming season finale notable entire set created emulated constructed inside warehouse previously cold storage required use lumber square feet set expensive elaborate built series history set required constant temperature order maintain real snow ice allowed actors breath visibly fog allowed cast place feels real aid acting outdoor scenes episode filmed vancouver weather conditions making shooting difficult require extra day work series movie place events fifth season movie actually filmed hiatus fourth fifth season shoots conducted filming fifth season crew series creator chris_carter served executive producer showrunner wrote episodes continued executive producer wrote episodes final season series promoted producer wrote seven episodes promoted producer wrote episodes x-files writers returned season absence series consulting producers wrote episodes morgan writing additional episode solo directed promoted story editor wrote episodes joined mid season executive producer wrote episode season series writing team wrote freelance episode executive producer frequent series director wrote episode series producers included producer producer consulting producer joined series season producing directors included kim_manners directed bulk episodes season manners directed episodes directed seven executive producer directed season premiere finale directed episodes series writer directed episode cast main cast david_duchovny special agent fox_mulder episodes gillian_anderson special agent dana_scully episodes appear zero sum recurring cast starring mitch_pileggi assistant director walter_skinner episodes episodes guest starring episodes episodes marked double dagger episodes mythology files alien story arc reception ratings fourth season x-files debuted october episode earned nielsen rating share meaning roughly percent television equipped households percent households watching television tuned episode episode viewed million people marked increase season finale viewed million viewers time highest rated episode x-files air episode series watched million viewers season continued ratings began drop slightly approximately million viewers episode season hit high twelfth episode chosen fox lead program following super bowl episode viewed million viewers making highest rated episode series run season hit low fifteenth sixteenth episodes respectively viewed million viewers season finale earned nielsen rating share viewed viewers marking percent drop viewers compared season premiere percent increase viewers compared previous season finale season ranked twelfth watched television series year average million viewers making time highest rated season files air reviews fourth season x-files received largely positive reviews television critics critics noted season good predecessors noted x-files fourth year creatively good fascinating frustrating wrote fox sunday block real usa today wrote fourth season series best year good x-files great zack_handlen gave overall positive review season wrote episodes contended mythology episodes especially season finale began ring familiarity repetition getting old episodic reviews diverse episodes praised robert_shearman lars_pearson book wanting believe critical guide lone gunmen rated episodes home cigarette smoking man paper hearts small potatoes stars awarded cigarette smoking man paper hearts small potatoes perfect scores named fourth best episode series writing definitive example mulder scully devotion wrote highly home paper hearts small potatoes ranking fifth eleventh sixteenth fourth best episodes x-files respectively episodes derided shearman pearson called latin american culture rubbish vitaris slight story collapses weight message created intense media speculation mulder actually dead article wall_street_journal discussed fan theories mulder madness cartoon ran new_yorker weeks later surrounding mulder death series creator chris_carter noted plot line revolved hoax actually huge revelations amazing thing people believe mulder actually kill belief system stolen listed episode number countdown best season noting core series entire mythology accolades fourth season earned series primetime emmy award nominations wins anderson won outstanding lead actress drama series nominated previous year episodes won outstanding art direction series outstanding sound editing series respectively notable nominations included consecutive nomination outstanding drama series duchovny nomination outstanding lead actor drama series nominated outstanding directing drama series cigarette smoking man carter nominated drama series nominations heather nominated outstanding editing series single camera production episodes respectively series outstanding sound mixing drama series nominated paper hearts series won second golden globe award best television series drama gillian_anderson david_duchovny won television series drama acting categories dvd release
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The X-Files (season 4)
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Media and drama
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Television
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The X-Files series
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