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id_3300 | In one corner of the room is a mass of tangled rope suspended from the ceiling with some sections dangling to the floor; the first of three encountered pieces of work that have a resounding impact on the viewing public. It stops one in ones tracks: how dare it be there this mess of nothing! It is like arranged chaos: that is, the confused mixture of varying sizes of rope, dipped in latex, looks as though it might collapse in a heap on the floor at any moment. At the same time, it is held up and in place by a series of fine wires and hooks, giving it a strange sense of ... order. A deliberate challenge to the forces of gravity. It is a shambles. It makes one laugh. It is play. It is drawing in the air! Maybe it can move or dance about! Yet, it is hardly there, like something imagined. The materials are cheap and disposable. Impermanent, like ... the people looking at it. But it is very definitely present! It has a presence. You can see that people want to walk into it and become a part of it but alas! The gallery guard is hovering nearby. To the left of this piece, running along the wall, in two rows on top of each other, is a long series of lid-less boxes. They are mounted at average nose height and are made of fibreglass which gives them a shiny, almost moist, appearance. They are the colour of murky water, absorbing the gallery light with an opacity similar to that of mucus or tree gum. They look as though they might be soft and malleable to touch, with their irregular edges and non-conforming sides. This gives the overall impression that they could fall in on themselves or slide down the wall. The structure is puzzlingly familiar, similar to things in the world, and yet it is not like anything in particular. In the adjacent corner is the third piece, consisting of a collection of nine cylindrical open-ended objects, slit part way from end to end. They give the appearance of being randomly placed some lying, some leaning on the wall or on each other-all seeming somehow to be related. Like the boxes, they are a multiple of each other. Made of fibreglass with a shiny surface they look almost like abandoned pods that had once been alive. The associations seem to jump around in ones head, running between sensations of delight and pleasure, violence and discomfort. One has to bend down to be with them more. Driven by the desire to physically interact, one is almost forced to stoop further so that one can touch, or indeed taste, this intriguing surface; but no, the guard is there. The visual language apparent in these artworks is unfamiliar, as is the artist, Eva Hesse. Her work is as exciting as it is disturbing. For many, Hesses sculpture refers essentially to the body. This, perhaps, does not seem surprising when it is in relation to the body that women are generally assessed. Hesse died of a brain tumour in 1970 at the age of 34. It must be an inescapable inevitability, therefore, that her work was read in the context of its time where it has, until recently, been largely abandoned. Given the influence of feminism on our cultural consciousness since that period, it seems paramount that we avoid, or at the very least attempt to avoid, those dramatic facts about her life and family history. We may then be freed from a limited and narrow translation of her art. Hesses work is much more ambiguous and funny than some rather literal readings would have us believe. Perhaps it is precisely because her use of metaphor in her work is so subtle that it escapes the one-line definitions we so love to employ. We are now, more than ever, hungry for the cult of personality. While Hesse and others before and since can more than fill that demand, we seem in danger of focusing on the life of the artist and not on the life of the art. When looking at Hesses sculpture, drawings and paintings, the most interesting and challenging aspects lie just there within the work. And this must be the starting point for any interpretation, not her complex life or untimely death. | The first piece of Hesses art has little effect on visitors to the gallery. | c |
id_3301 | In order to build more space, extra FSI needs to be brought | More space will reduce the construction cost. Central Bank of India (PO) | n |
id_3302 | In order to build more space, extra FSI needs to be brought | The person being told does not know the meaning of FSI | n |
id_3303 | In order to gain a competitive advantage over our competitors, the companies marketing budget must be increased. | The companies marketing budget is failing the company. | n |
id_3304 | In order to gain a competitive advantage over our competitors, the companies marketing budget must be increased. | The current marketing budget does not provide a competitive advantage. | e |
id_3305 | In order to gain a competitive advantage over our competitors, the companies marketing budget must be increased. | The companys competitors currently have a competitive advantage over the company. | n |
id_3306 | In order to prevent catastrophic damages to its assets, Railways is going for offshore procurement of high-powered sensor-based equipment, a first-of-its-kind for the public transporter, to detect on tracks and rolling stock. | The sensor-based equipment will monitor the condition of tracks, coaches, wagons and locomotives | e |
id_3307 | In order to prevent catastrophic damages to its assets, Railways is going for offshore procurement of high-powered sensor-based equipment, a first-of-its-kind for the public transporter, to detect on tracks and rolling stock. | The system will be fitted on wheels and the control room will receive signals through vibrations | c |
id_3308 | In order to prevent catastrophic damages to its assets, Railways is going for offshore procurement of high-powered sensor-based equipment, a first-of-its-kind for the public transporter, to detect on tracks and rolling stock. | Railways will equip this system in selected trains on a trial basis in the current fiscal as it was one of the Rail Budget proposals | c |
id_3309 | In order to prevent catastrophic damages to its assets, Railways is going for offshore procurement of high-powered sensor-based equipment, a first-of-its-kind for the public transporter, to detect on tracks and rolling stock. | The sensor based equipment will send early signal to the control room in case of any deficiency | c |
id_3310 | In order to qualify for prizes, tickets must be purchased according to certain restrictions. People who think they have won must stake their claim in person and produce not only the winning ticket but a valid piece of identification within two weeks following the draw. Tickets must bear an official retailer's stamp next to the purchaser's name to qualify. Publicity shots of the winner might also be requested. Only in the unlikely event that it is suspected that a ticket could have been stolen would the holder be questioned about the retail outlet where the ticket was purchased. Those refusing to have their photograph taken for the records will automatically forfeit their prize. Criminal proceedings would ensue following any suspicion of foul play. | Criminals are likely to work together to steal tickets. | n |
id_3311 | In order to qualify for prizes, tickets must be purchased according to certain restrictions. People who think they have won must stake their claim in person and produce not only the winning ticket but a valid piece of identification within two weeks following the draw. Tickets must bear an official retailer's stamp next to the purchaser's name to qualify. Publicity shots of the winner might also be requested. Only in the unlikely event that it is suspected that a ticket could have been stolen would the holder be questioned about the retail outlet where the ticket was purchased. Those refusing to have their photograph taken for the records will automatically forfeit their prize. Criminal proceedings would ensue following any suspicion of foul play. | Claims can be made up to a month after the draw. | c |
id_3312 | In recent years, many issues have been considered when attempting to ameliorate the wellbeing of patients and the efficiency of hospital administration. Patients have often complained about endless waiting lists, low standards of cleanliness, poor hospital food, and unsatisfactory doctor-patient communication and now, according to an expert from a leading image consultancy, doctors dress codes and their general appearance must come under close scrutiny. Of healthcare professionals have an unwashed appearance, dirty nails or unkempt hair, this exudes the impression of recklessness, wearing red reminds patients of blood, and power dressing is discouraged because patients may feel undermined and less relaxed. Although campaign groups approve of healthcare professionals leading by example with high standards of hygiene in hospitals, some individuals argue that this potential new image legislation is merely a case of jumping on the bandwagon of the current media trend for home and lifestyle makeovers. | New hospital legislation states that healthcare professionals must have clean fingernails. | n |
id_3313 | In recent years, many issues have been considered when attempting to ameliorate the wellbeing of patients and the efficiency of hospital administration. Patients have often complained about endless waiting lists, low standards of cleanliness, poor hospital food, and unsatisfactory doctor-patient communication and now, according to an expert from a leading image consultancy, doctors dress codes and their general appearance must come under close scrutiny. Of healthcare professionals have an unwashed appearance, dirty nails or unkempt hair, this exudes the impression of recklessness, wearing red reminds patients of blood, and power dressing is discouraged because patients may feel undermined and less relaxed. Although campaign groups approve of healthcare professionals leading by example with high standards of hygiene in hospitals, some individuals argue that this potential new image legislation is merely a case of jumping on the bandwagon of the current media trend for home and lifestyle makeovers. | Individuals have argued that the current media trend for lifestyle makeover is direct result of the concern over the image of new legislations. | c |
id_3314 | In recent years, many issues have been considered when attempting to ameliorate the wellbeing of patients and the efficiency of hospital administration. Patients have often complained about endless waiting lists, low standards of cleanliness, poor hospital food, and unsatisfactory doctor-patient communication and now, according to an expert from a leading image consultancy, doctors dress codes and their general appearance must come under close scrutiny. Of healthcare professionals have an unwashed appearance, dirty nails or unkempt hair, this exudes the impression of recklessness, wearing red reminds patients of blood, and power dressing is discouraged because patients may feel undermined and less relaxed. Although campaign groups approve of healthcare professionals leading by example with high standards of hygiene in hospitals, some individuals argue that this potential new image legislation is merely a case of jumping on the bandwagon of the current media trend for home and lifestyle makeovers. | It is always preferable for healthcare professionals to wear blue instead of red. | n |
id_3315 | In recent years, many issues have been considered when attempting to ameliorate the wellbeing of patients and the efficiency of hospital administration. Patients have often complained about endless waiting lists, low standards of cleanliness, poor hospital food, and unsatisfactory doctor-patient communication and now, according to an expert from a leading image consultancy, doctors dress codes and their general appearance must come under close scrutiny. Of healthcare professionals have an unwashed appearance, dirty nails or unkempt hair, this exudes the impression of recklessness, wearing red reminds patients of blood, and power dressing is discouraged because patients may feel undermined and less relaxed. Although campaign groups approve of healthcare professionals leading by example with high standards of hygiene in hospitals, some individuals argue that this potential new image legislation is merely a case of jumping on the bandwagon of the current media trend for home and lifestyle makeovers. | New hospital legislation states that healthcare professionals must have clean fingernails. | e |
id_3316 | In response to the criticism about the methods used by his poll predicting agency, a leading psephologist Mannoy Toy, replied: I realise there are some shortcomings to the questionnaire method that we have applied to do the survey. However, since we have ensured that we send a copy of the questionnaire to every home in each of the constituency where we have carried out our survey, we believe the results to be quite representative..... We think the numbers received are so large that it overcomes the lack of a scientific approach that might have crept into our survey. | A high proportion of the respondents who have received the questionnaire have replied to the same. | c |
id_3317 | In response to the criticism about the methods used by his poll predicting agency, a leading psephologist Mannoy Toy, replied: I realise there are some shortcomings to the questionnaire method that we have applied to do the survey. However, since we have ensured that we send a copy of the questionnaire to every home in each of the constituency where we have carried out our survey, we believe the results to be quite representative..... We think the numbers received are so large that it overcomes the lack of a scientific approach that might have crept into our survey. | A majority of the voters in the constituency live in homes. | c |
id_3318 | In response to the criticism about the methods used by his poll predicting agency, a leading psephologist Mannoy Toy, replied: I realise there are some shortcomings to the questionnaire method that we have applied to do the survey. However, since we have ensured that we send a copy of the questionnaire to every home in each of the constituency where we have carried out our survey, we believe the results to be quite representative..... We think the numbers received are so large that it overcomes the lack of a scientific approach that might have crept into our survey. | The method of data collection used by the agency is unscientific. | c |
id_3319 | In response to the criticism about the methods used by his poll predicting agency, a leading psephologist Mannoy Toy, replied: I realise there are some shortcomings to the questionnaire method that we have applied to do the survey. However, since we have ensured that we send a copy of the questionnaire to every home in each of the constituency where we have carried out our survey, we believe the results to be quite representative..... We think the numbers received are so large that it overcomes the lack of a scientific approach that might have crept into our survey. | A large, absolute number of replies automatically guarantees the accuracy of the results. | e |
id_3320 | In reverse order, the most popular holiday tours offered by a travel company are Toronto, Florida, Rome and Paris, although Rome is extremely popular whatever the time of year. After a marketing promotion, Toronto becomes more popular than Rome, but less popular than Florida. | Paris tour is most popular after the marketing promotion | e |
id_3321 | In reverse order, the most popular holiday tours offered by a travel company are Toronto, Florida, Rome and Paris, although Rome is extremely popular whatever the time of year. After a marketing promotion, Toronto becomes more popular than Rome, but less popular than Florida. | Rome tour is least popular after the marketing promotion | e |
id_3322 | In some parts of the world the interval between high water or high tide is one day while in other parts of the world there are two high tides every 24 hours. The difference in height between high and low water varies greatly depending on the location. In some places the range can be almost 10 metres, while other places experience a range between high and low water of only approximately a metre or less. These tides are caused by gravitational and centrifugal force. Despite the suns immense mass it is the much closer moon that provides twice the suns gravitational pull on the worlds oceans. This lunar force causes the water to be drawn to the side of the Earth facing the moon. On the opposite side to the moon a second bulge of water occurs caused by the centrifugal force created by the spin of both the Earth and the moon. It is these bulges of water that are the high tides. | The passage states that centrifugal force causes the ocean to bulge. | e |
id_3323 | In some parts of the world the interval between high water or high tide is one day while in other parts of the world there are two high tides every 24 hours. The difference in height between high and low water varies greatly depending on the location. In some places the range can be almost 10 metres, while other places experience a range between high and low water of only approximately a metre or less. These tides are caused by gravitational and centrifugal force. Despite the suns immense mass it is the much closer moon that provides twice the suns gravitational pull on the worlds oceans. This lunar force causes the water to be drawn to the side of the Earth facing the moon. On the opposite side to the moon a second bulge of water occurs caused by the centrifugal force created by the spin of both the Earth and the moon. It is these bulges of water that are the high tides. | The location where the interval between high and low water is one day also experiences the greatest range between high and low water. | n |
id_3324 | In some parts of the world the interval between high water or high tide is one day while in other parts of the world there are two high tides every 24 hours. The difference in height between high and low water varies greatly depending on the location. In some places the range can be almost 10 metres, while other places experience a range between high and low water of only approximately a metre or less. These tides are caused by gravitational and centrifugal force. Despite the suns immense mass it is the much closer moon that provides twice the suns gravitational pull on the worlds oceans. This lunar force causes the water to be drawn to the side of the Earth facing the moon. On the opposite side to the moon a second bulge of water occurs caused by the centrifugal force created by the spin of both the Earth and the moon. It is these bulges of water that are the high tides. | The gravitational pull of moons of Saturn also affects the worlds oceans. | n |
id_3325 | In some parts of the world the interval between high water or high tide is one day while in other parts of the world there are two high tides every 24 hours. The difference in height between high and low water varies greatly depending on the location. In some places the range can be almost 10 metres, while other places experience a range between high and low water of only approximately a metre or less. These tides are caused by gravitational and centrifugal force. Despite the suns immense mass it is the much closer moon that provides twice the suns gravitational pull on the worlds oceans. This lunar force causes the water to be drawn to the side of the Earth facing the moon. On the opposite side to the moon a second bulge of water occurs caused by the centrifugal force created by the spin of both the Earth and the moon. It is these bulges of water that are the high tides. | The gravitation pull of the sun does not affect the worlds oceans. | c |
id_3326 | In terms of territory Russia is the worlds largest country and Canada the second. Between them these huge nations occupy most of the northern part of the northern hemisphere. Both countries include a sizable extent of frozen wilderness. Canada covers the northern part of the North American continent while the Russian federation sits astride the northern parts of Europe and Asia. The two nations both have vast areas of forest and their forestry industries produce a large part of the worlds softwood and wood pulp. Both countries hold extensive mineral deposits and the mining of zinc, uranium and nickel in Canada and iron ore, tungsten, gold, silver and diamonds in Russia rank these countries among the worlds key producers. Five per cent of Canadian land is suitable for the growing of crops while 10 per cent of Russian land is arable. The majority of Russians live in the temperate, European part of the country while the bulk of Canadians have settled in the clement conditions found within 400 km of the border with their southern neighbour the United States. | The second sentence may have been more correct if it read ... the Russian federation covers the northern part of both Europe and Asia rather than sits astride the northern part of Europe and Asia. | n |
id_3327 | In terms of territory Russia is the worlds largest country and Canada the second. Between them these huge nations occupy most of the northern part of the northern hemisphere. Both countries include a sizable extent of frozen wilderness. Canada covers the northern part of the North American continent while the Russian federation sits astride the northern parts of Europe and Asia. The two nations both have vast areas of forest and their forestry industries produce a large part of the worlds softwood and wood pulp. Both countries hold extensive mineral deposits and the mining of zinc, uranium and nickel in Canada and iron ore, tungsten, gold, silver and diamonds in Russia rank these countries among the worlds key producers. Five per cent of Canadian land is suitable for the growing of crops while 10 per cent of Russian land is arable. The majority of Russians live in the temperate, European part of the country while the bulk of Canadians have settled in the clement conditions found within 400 km of the border with their southern neighbour the United States. | The author of the passage would agree that the polar regions of both countries are relatively sparsely populated. | e |
id_3328 | In terms of territory Russia is the worlds largest country and Canada the second. Between them these huge nations occupy most of the northern part of the northern hemisphere. Both countries include a sizable extent of frozen wilderness. Canada covers the northern part of the North American continent while the Russian federation sits astride the northern parts of Europe and Asia. The two nations both have vast areas of forest and their forestry industries produce a large part of the worlds softwood and wood pulp. Both countries hold extensive mineral deposits and the mining of zinc, uranium and nickel in Canada and iron ore, tungsten, gold, silver and diamonds in Russia rank these countries among the worlds key producers. Five per cent of Canadian land is suitable for the growing of crops while 10 per cent of Russian land is arable. The majority of Russians live in the temperate, European part of the country while the bulk of Canadians have settled in the clement conditions found within 400 km of the border with their southern neighbour the United States. | You can infer that Russian arable production is greater than that of Canada. | c |
id_3329 | In the 1950s, nitrates preservative used in processed meats and occurring naturally in green foods were linked to stomach cancer. More recently, biologists are claiming a positive role for dietary nitrates. Concerns were first raised when high doses of a nitrate compound commonly present in the stomach were found to cause cancer in laboratory rats. But the findings of this early study could not be consistently repeated, and the results of a great many subsequent epidemiological studies found no link between nitrates and human stomach cancer. The discovery of a positive role began with the realization that our stomachs hold large amounts of nitrate oxide and it was proposed that this agent may be helping to kill bacteria in our food such as E. coli. Stomach acid has for decades been considered the bodys main means of killing dangerous germs in our diet. But it was found that stomach acid and nitrate oxide when mixed together killed such germs much more quickly. | A compound of nitrate is carcinogenic. | n |
id_3330 | In the 1950s, nitrates preservative used in processed meats and occurring naturally in green foods were linked to stomach cancer. More recently, biologists are claiming a positive role for dietary nitrates. Concerns were first raised when high doses of a nitrate compound commonly present in the stomach were found to cause cancer in laboratory rats. But the findings of this early study could not be consistently repeated, and the results of a great many subsequent epidemiological studies found no link between nitrates and human stomach cancer. The discovery of a positive role began with the realization that our stomachs hold large amounts of nitrate oxide and it was proposed that this agent may be helping to kill bacteria in our food such as E. coli. Stomach acid has for decades been considered the bodys main means of killing dangerous germs in our diet. But it was found that stomach acid and nitrate oxide when mixed together killed such germs much more quickly. | A relationship between the ingestion of nitrates and human stomach cancer has not been substantiated. | e |
id_3331 | In the 1950s, nitrates preservative used in processed meats and occurring naturally in green foods were linked to stomach cancer. More recently, biologists are claiming a positive role for dietary nitrates. Concerns were first raised when high doses of a nitrate compound commonly present in the stomach were found to cause cancer in laboratory rats. But the findings of this early study could not be consistently repeated, and the results of a great many subsequent epidemiological studies found no link between nitrates and human stomach cancer. The discovery of a positive role began with the realization that our stomachs hold large amounts of nitrate oxide and it was proposed that this agent may be helping to kill bacteria in our food such as E. coli. Stomach acid has for decades been considered the bodys main means of killing dangerous germs in our diet. But it was found that stomach acid and nitrate oxide when mixed together killed such germs much more quickly. | Dietary nitrate, far from being a risk to health, is in fact an important natural defence against infections. | e |
id_3332 | In the USA there are on average 2 million hectares of land cleared by 120,000 wildfires per annum. These uncontrolled blazes can travel at up to 23 kilometres per hour and destroy everything in their path. Prolonged drought and dry conditions produce tinder-dry vegetation that can be ignited by a single spark and can rapidly become a raging inferno when fed by hot dry winds. The sad fact is that humans start eighty per cent of all wildfires, either intentionally or accidentally. Embers from campfires and discarded cigarettes are common causes. Nature plays its part too with fires starting via lightning and even the direct heat of the sun. Naturally- occurring wildfires can play an important role in the ecosystem of some forest environments since the fires destroy dead or rotting vegetable matter, returning beneficial nutrients to the ground and killing disease. There are even some seeds that can only germinate if they have been heat-treated by such fires. | In the USA there are typically 10,000 wildfires each month. | n |
id_3333 | In the USA there are on average 2 million hectares of land cleared by 120,000 wildfires per annum. These uncontrolled blazes can travel at up to 23 kilometres per hour and destroy everything in their path. Prolonged drought and dry conditions produce tinder-dry vegetation that can be ignited by a single spark and can rapidly become a raging inferno when fed by hot dry winds. The sad fact is that humans start eighty per cent of all wildfires, either intentionally or accidentally. Embers from campfires and discarded cigarettes are common causes. Nature plays its part too with fires starting via lightning and even the direct heat of the sun. Naturally- occurring wildfires can play an important role in the ecosystem of some forest environments since the fires destroy dead or rotting vegetable matter, returning beneficial nutrients to the ground and killing disease. There are even some seeds that can only germinate if they have been heat-treated by such fires. | One quarter of wildfires are started naturally. | c |
id_3334 | In the USA there are on average 2 million hectares of land cleared by 120,000 wildfires per annum. These uncontrolled blazes can travel at up to 23 kilometres per hour and destroy everything in their path. Prolonged drought and dry conditions produce tinder-dry vegetation that can be ignited by a single spark and can rapidly become a raging inferno when fed by hot dry winds. The sad fact is that humans start eighty per cent of all wildfires, either intentionally or accidentally. Embers from campfires and discarded cigarettes are common causes. Nature plays its part too with fires starting via lightning and even the direct heat of the sun. Naturally- occurring wildfires can play an important role in the ecosystem of some forest environments since the fires destroy dead or rotting vegetable matter, returning beneficial nutrients to the ground and killing disease. There are even some seeds that can only germinate if they have been heat-treated by such fires. | Wildfires can be beneficial to the natural environment. | e |
id_3335 | In the United Kingdom, a common method of resolving serious employee disputes is through an employee tribunal, which are non-governmental public bodies which hear many kinds of employee-employer disputes. The most common disputes in employee tribunals are unfair dismissal, redundancy payments and employment discrimination. One benefit of employee tribunals is that they provide an impartial, neutral alternative to internal investigations undertaken within organisations. However a common criticism of employee tribunals is that they frequently favour the organisation rather than the employee, as the organisation will frequently have human resources/legal professionals who are more adept with employment law than the employee making the claim. | Employee tribunals are governmental public bodies. | c |
id_3336 | In the United Kingdom, a common method of resolving serious employee disputes is through an employee tribunal, which are non-governmental public bodies which hear many kinds of employee-employer disputes. The most common disputes in employee tribunals are unfair dismissal, redundancy payments and employment discrimination. One benefit of employee tribunals is that they provide an impartial, neutral alternative to internal investigations undertaken within organisations. However a common criticism of employee tribunals is that they frequently favour the organisation rather than the employee, as the organisation will frequently have human resources/legal professionals who are more adept with employment law than the employee making the claim. | Employee tribunals are run by the ministry of justice. | n |
id_3337 | In the United Kingdom, a common method of resolving serious employee disputes is through an employee tribunal, which are non-governmental public bodies which hear many kinds of employee-employer disputes. The most common disputes in employee tribunals are unfair dismissal, redundancy payments and employment discrimination. One benefit of employee tribunals is that they provide an impartial, neutral alternative to internal investigations undertaken within organisations. However a common criticism of employee tribunals is that they frequently favour the organisation rather than the employee, as the organisation will frequently have human resources/legal professionals who are more adept with employment law than the employee making the claim. | Employee tribunals are non-governmental public bodies. | e |
id_3338 | In the United Kingdom, a common method of resolving serious employee disputes is through an employee tribunal, which are non-governmental public bodies which hear many kinds of employee-employer disputes. The most common disputes in employee tribunals are unfair dismissal, redundancy payments and employment discrimination. One benefit of employee tribunals is that they provide an impartial, neutral alternative to internal investigations undertaken within organisations. However a common criticism of employee tribunals is that they frequently favour the organisation rather than the employee, as the organisation will frequently have human resources/legal professionals who are more adept with employment law than the employee making the claim. | Employee tribunals are internal investigations within organisations. | c |
id_3339 | In the United Kingdom, working mothers are entitled to 52 weeks' maternity leave. The first six weeks are paid at 90% of full salary and a further 33 weeks are paid a fixed rate, although some employers offer more generous maternity schemes. If a government proposal becomes law, however, this system will be replaced with flexible parental leave, which can be split between the father and mother. New mothers would be entitled to four months' paid maternity leave after the birth, with two weeks' paid paternity leave. This would be followed by seven month's flexible leave- of which four would be paid. European member states must offer a minimum of 14 paid weeks of maternity leave, though many countries offer significantly more. France, for example, has 16 weeks' leave at 100% of salary. In Iceland, parents receive nine months' paid leave at 80% of salary, with each parent required to take three months leave and deciding how to share the remaining three. By comparison, the United States mandates twelve weeks' maternity leave - though this is unpaid for approximately 60% of mothers. The UK's year-long maternity leave provision is intended to provide job security for new mothers. However, some critics believe that it actually damages women's career prospects. They argue that because of the inconvenience of maternity leave administration women are less attractive employees for small businesses. Advocates of the new flexible parental leave system believe that parenting is no longer exclusively a mother's preserve and that the new policy will promote gender equality. | The proposed flexible parental leave system is similar to the Icelandic model, in that mothers and fathers will be required to share the last seven months of leave. | c |
id_3340 | In the mid-nineteenth century, the French novelist Emile lola announced to his publisher that he was embarking on a cycle of novels in the style of Balzac that would explore various aspects of life in France during the Second Empire. Unlike La Comedie Humaine, though, lola's cycle would focus its attentions on one family, allowing lola to explore his strong interests in heredity, evolution and genealogy at the same time as he offered a literary account of the Second Empire. What resulted was lola's twenty-novel cycle, collectively known as Les Rougon-Macquart and subtitled Histoirenaturelle et sociale d'une famille sons Ie Second Empire ('Natural and social history of a family during the second empire'). lola's work in these novels established his reputation as a pre-eminent proponent of naturalism, a literary movement that emphasised the harsh realities of life through a frank, if pessimistic, depiction of subject matter such as sexuality, corruption and disease that had previously been considered too sordid to be included in literature. Almost all of the protagonists of the Rougon-Macquart family are introduced in lola's first novel, La Fortune des Rougon. The family centres on Adelaide Fouque, a middle-class French woman from Provence with a slight mental deficiency, and her three children: Pierre Rougon, the legitimate child from her marriage to Rougon, and Antoine and Ursule Macquart, illegitimate children by her lover, the smuggler Macquart. With Adelaide at the centre-point, the novel explores the three strands of her family: the Rougons, who are upper class and well educated; the Macquarts, who are mostly blue-collar workers or soldiers; and the Mourets (the family of Adelaide's illegitimate daughter Ursule Macquart), who live a more middle-class and balanced life. lola traced each of his more than 300 characters carefully. Before even beginning to write La Fortune des Rougon, he set about creating an elaborate family tree that included each character's name, date of birth, properties of heredity (including their mental proclivities and physical likeness), details of their biography and death date. In each character, lola traces the competing influ- ences of blood and environment, set against the political, economic, cultural and artistic backdrop of France (and Paris, particularly) from 1852 to 1870. Even in closing this cycle of novels, lola accounts for the fate of all of his characters. In his final novel, Le Docteur Pascal, lola includes a long chapter that reconnects with all of his living characters, tying up loose ends in their narratives and finishing each of their stories. In this respect, lola succeeded where Balzac failed; Balzac never finished La Comedie Humaine, consisting at the time of his death of more than 90 novels, short stories and essays that represented his only cycle of novels-and, indeed, the entire literary output of his adult life. | Zola'snovels are set in Paris. | n |
id_3341 | In the mid-nineteenth century, the French novelist Emile lola announced to his publisher that he was embarking on a cycle of novels in the style of Balzac that would explore various aspects of life in France during the Second Empire. Unlike La Comedie Humaine, though, lola's cycle would focus its attentions on one family, allowing lola to explore his strong interests in heredity, evolution and genealogy at the same time as he offered a literary account of the Second Empire. What resulted was lola's twenty-novel cycle, collectively known as Les Rougon-Macquart and subtitled Histoirenaturelle et sociale d'une famille sons Ie Second Empire ('Natural and social history of a family during the second empire'). lola's work in these novels established his reputation as a pre-eminent proponent of naturalism, a literary movement that emphasised the harsh realities of life through a frank, if pessimistic, depiction of subject matter such as sexuality, corruption and disease that had previously been considered too sordid to be included in literature. Almost all of the protagonists of the Rougon-Macquart family are introduced in lola's first novel, La Fortune des Rougon. The family centres on Adelaide Fouque, a middle-class French woman from Provence with a slight mental deficiency, and her three children: Pierre Rougon, the legitimate child from her marriage to Rougon, and Antoine and Ursule Macquart, illegitimate children by her lover, the smuggler Macquart. With Adelaide at the centre-point, the novel explores the three strands of her family: the Rougons, who are upper class and well educated; the Macquarts, who are mostly blue-collar workers or soldiers; and the Mourets (the family of Adelaide's illegitimate daughter Ursule Macquart), who live a more middle-class and balanced life. lola traced each of his more than 300 characters carefully. Before even beginning to write La Fortune des Rougon, he set about creating an elaborate family tree that included each character's name, date of birth, properties of heredity (including their mental proclivities and physical likeness), details of their biography and death date. In each character, lola traces the competing influ- ences of blood and environment, set against the political, economic, cultural and artistic backdrop of France (and Paris, particularly) from 1852 to 1870. Even in closing this cycle of novels, lola accounts for the fate of all of his characters. In his final novel, Le Docteur Pascal, lola includes a long chapter that reconnects with all of his living characters, tying up loose ends in their narratives and finishing each of their stories. In this respect, lola succeeded where Balzac failed; Balzac never finished La Comedie Humaine, consisting at the time of his death of more than 90 novels, short stories and essays that represented his only cycle of novels-and, indeed, the entire literary output of his adult life. | Balzacwrote a cycleof twenty novels, featuring a number of different families. | c |
id_3342 | In the mid-nineteenth century, the French novelist Emile lola announced to his publisher that he was embarking on a cycle of novels in the style of Balzac that would explore various aspects of life in France during the Second Empire. Unlike La Comedie Humaine, though, lola's cycle would focus its attentions on one family, allowing lola to explore his strong interests in heredity, evolution and genealogy at the same time as he offered a literary account of the Second Empire. What resulted was lola's twenty-novel cycle, collectively known as Les Rougon-Macquart and subtitled Histoirenaturelle et sociale d'une famille sons Ie Second Empire ('Natural and social history of a family during the second empire'). lola's work in these novels established his reputation as a pre-eminent proponent of naturalism, a literary movement that emphasised the harsh realities of life through a frank, if pessimistic, depiction of subject matter such as sexuality, corruption and disease that had previously been considered too sordid to be included in literature. Almost all of the protagonists of the Rougon-Macquart family are introduced in lola's first novel, La Fortune des Rougon. The family centres on Adelaide Fouque, a middle-class French woman from Provence with a slight mental deficiency, and her three children: Pierre Rougon, the legitimate child from her marriage to Rougon, and Antoine and Ursule Macquart, illegitimate children by her lover, the smuggler Macquart. With Adelaide at the centre-point, the novel explores the three strands of her family: the Rougons, who are upper class and well educated; the Macquarts, who are mostly blue-collar workers or soldiers; and the Mourets (the family of Adelaide's illegitimate daughter Ursule Macquart), who live a more middle-class and balanced life. lola traced each of his more than 300 characters carefully. Before even beginning to write La Fortune des Rougon, he set about creating an elaborate family tree that included each character's name, date of birth, properties of heredity (including their mental proclivities and physical likeness), details of their biography and death date. In each character, lola traces the competing influ- ences of blood and environment, set against the political, economic, cultural and artistic backdrop of France (and Paris, particularly) from 1852 to 1870. Even in closing this cycle of novels, lola accounts for the fate of all of his characters. In his final novel, Le Docteur Pascal, lola includes a long chapter that reconnects with all of his living characters, tying up loose ends in their narratives and finishing each of their stories. In this respect, lola succeeded where Balzac failed; Balzac never finished La Comedie Humaine, consisting at the time of his death of more than 90 novels, short stories and essays that represented his only cycle of novels-and, indeed, the entire literary output of his adult life. | The Second Empire occurred in the 19th century. | e |
id_3343 | In the mid-nineteenth century, the French novelist Emile lola announced to his publisher that he was embarking on a cycle of novels in the style of Balzac that would explore various aspects of life in France during the Second Empire. Unlike La Comedie Humaine, though, lola's cycle would focus its attentions on one family, allowing lola to explore his strong interests in heredity, evolution and genealogy at the same time as he offered a literary account of the Second Empire. What resulted was lola's twenty-novel cycle, collectively known as Les Rougon-Macquart and subtitled Histoirenaturelle et sociale d'une famille sons Ie Second Empire ('Natural and social history of a family during the second empire'). lola's work in these novels established his reputation as a pre-eminent proponent of naturalism, a literary movement that emphasised the harsh realities of life through a frank, if pessimistic, depiction of subject matter such as sexuality, corruption and disease that had previously been considered too sordid to be included in literature. Almost all of the protagonists of the Rougon-Macquart family are introduced in lola's first novel, La Fortune des Rougon. The family centres on Adelaide Fouque, a middle-class French woman from Provence with a slight mental deficiency, and her three children: Pierre Rougon, the legitimate child from her marriage to Rougon, and Antoine and Ursule Macquart, illegitimate children by her lover, the smuggler Macquart. With Adelaide at the centre-point, the novel explores the three strands of her family: the Rougons, who are upper class and well educated; the Macquarts, who are mostly blue-collar workers or soldiers; and the Mourets (the family of Adelaide's illegitimate daughter Ursule Macquart), who live a more middle-class and balanced life. lola traced each of his more than 300 characters carefully. Before even beginning to write La Fortune des Rougon, he set about creating an elaborate family tree that included each character's name, date of birth, properties of heredity (including their mental proclivities and physical likeness), details of their biography and death date. In each character, lola traces the competing influ- ences of blood and environment, set against the political, economic, cultural and artistic backdrop of France (and Paris, particularly) from 1852 to 1870. Even in closing this cycle of novels, lola accounts for the fate of all of his characters. In his final novel, Le Docteur Pascal, lola includes a long chapter that reconnects with all of his living characters, tying up loose ends in their narratives and finishing each of their stories. In this respect, lola succeeded where Balzac failed; Balzac never finished La Comedie Humaine, consisting at the time of his death of more than 90 novels, short stories and essays that represented his only cycle of novels-and, indeed, the entire literary output of his adult life. | Zola was a notable naturalist. | e |
id_3344 | In the past 12 months benefit fraud has fallen by 12 billion to its lowest level for over a decade. The fall is equivalent to a 25 per cent drop to 1.5 per cent of the total 100 billion benefit bill. This spectacular fall follows permission for the benefit office to access Inland Revenue taxation data. Benefit officers can now immediately check to see if a claimant is working and claiming benefits intended only for those out of work. This new measure has led to over 80,000 people being caught making false claims. A similar initiative has also succeeded in a substantial cut in the level of fraud committed by claimants of housing benefit. Local authorities are responsible for the administration of this allowance, which is awarded to the unemployed and low paid to help with housing costs. Until recently local authority staff had been unable to access central government records to check the information provided by claimants. These checks have so far identified 44,000 claimants who have provided false information in order to make claims for allowances for which they are not eligible. | A year ago the level of benefit fraud totalled 2 billion. | e |
id_3345 | In the past 12 months benefit fraud has fallen by 12 billion to its lowest level for over a decade. The fall is equivalent to a 25 per cent drop to 1.5 per cent of the total 100 billion benefit bill. This spectacular fall follows permission for the benefit office to access Inland Revenue taxation data. Benefit officers can now immediately check to see if a claimant is working and claiming benefits intended only for those out of work. This new measure has led to over 80,000 people being caught making false claims. A similar initiative has also succeeded in a substantial cut in the level of fraud committed by claimants of housing benefit. Local authorities are responsible for the administration of this allowance, which is awarded to the unemployed and low paid to help with housing costs. Until recently local authority staff had been unable to access central government records to check the information provided by claimants. These checks have so far identified 44,000 claimants who have provided false information in order to make claims for allowances for which they are not eligible. | Only the unemployed should legitimately claim these benefits. | c |
id_3346 | In the past 12 months benefit fraud has fallen by 12 billion to its lowest level for over a decade. The fall is equivalent to a 25 per cent drop to 1.5 per cent of the total 100 billion benefit bill. This spectacular fall follows permission for the benefit office to access Inland Revenue taxation data. Benefit officers can now immediately check to see if a claimant is working and claiming benefits intended only for those out of work. This new measure has led to over 80,000 people being caught making false claims. A similar initiative has also succeeded in a substantial cut in the level of fraud committed by claimants of housing benefit. Local authorities are responsible for the administration of this allowance, which is awarded to the unemployed and low paid to help with housing costs. Until recently local authority staff had been unable to access central government records to check the information provided by claimants. These checks have so far identified 44,000 claimants who have provided false information in order to make claims for allowances for which they are not eligible. | By making it possible to share information, over 120,000 cases of fraud have been detected. | e |
id_3347 | In the past 12 months benefit fraud has fallen by 12 billion to its lowest level for over a decade. The fall is equivalent to a 25 per cent drop to 1.5 per cent of the total 100 billion benefit bill. This spectacular fall follows permission for the benefit office to access Inland Revenue taxation data. Benefit officers can now immediately check to see if a claimant is working and claiming benefits intended only for those out of work. This new measure has led to over 80,000 people being caught making false claims. A similar initiative has also succeeded in a substantial cut in the level of fraud committed by claimants of housing benefit. Local authorities are responsible for the administration of this allowance, which is awarded to the unemployed and low paid to help with housing costs. Until recently local authority staff had been unable to access central government records to check the information provided by claimants. These checks have so far identified 44,000 claimants who have provided false information in order to make claims for allowances for which they are not eligible. | The tone of the passage suggests that these reductions in fraud are a good thing. | e |
id_3348 | In the past 12 months benefit fraud has fallen by 12 billion to its lowest level for over a decade. The fall is equivalent to a 25 per cent drop to 1.5 per cent of the total 100 billion benefit bill. This spectacular fall follows permission for the benefit office to access Inland Revenue taxation data. Benefit officers can now immediately check to see if a claimant is working and claiming benefits intended only for those out of work. This new measure has led to over 80,000 people being caught making false claims. A similar initiative has also succeeded in a substantial cut in the level of fraud committed by claimants of housing benefit. Local authorities are responsible for the administration of this allowance, which is awarded to the unemployed and low paid to help with housing costs. Until recently local authority staff had been unable to access central government records to check the information provided by claimants. These checks have so far identified 44,000 claimants who have provided false information in order to make claims for allowances for which they are not eligible. | Ten years ago the level of benefit fraud was higher. | c |
id_3349 | In the past, home heating systems have been operated using different sources of energy such as wood, electricity, and kerosene. But these are expensive when compared to a more recently developed source - solar energy. Solar energy is an alternative, but its application for heating is limited to a small number of appliances. There is also the difficulty of obtaining solar energy for heating purposes in the winter time when it is most needed and its major resource, the sun, is hardly effective. | Solar energy is hardly available in the winter. | n |
id_3350 | In the past, home heating systems have been operated using different sources of energy such as wood, electricity, and kerosene. But these are expensive when compared to a more recently developed source - solar energy. Solar energy is an alternative, but its application for heating is limited to a small number of appliances. There is also the difficulty of obtaining solar energy for heating purposes in the winter time when it is most needed and its major resource, the sun, is hardly effective. | If electricity were a lot cheaper, we would have no need for solar energy. | n |
id_3351 | In the past, home heating systems have been operated using different sources of energy such as wood, electricity, and kerosene. But these are expensive when compared to a more recently developed source - solar energy. Solar energy is an alternative, but its application for heating is limited to a small number of appliances. There is also the difficulty of obtaining solar energy for heating purposes in the winter time when it is most needed and its major resource, the sun, is hardly effective. | Solar energy is the fourth source of energy to be developed for home heating systems. | c |
id_3352 | In the sphere of education, in order to foster awareness and understanding of the impact of ecological interdependence, environment education should be made compulsory in the curricula of colleges and schools, starting from the primary level. This education, while catering to students should also be imparted to adults and professionals whose activities are directly concerned with the preservation, improvement and quality of the environment. | In the environment there is interdependence of human life and animal life. | n |
id_3353 | In the sphere of education, in order to foster awareness and understanding of the impact of ecological interdependence, environment education should be made compulsory in the curricula of colleges and schools, starting from the primary level. This education, while catering to students should also be imparted to adults and professionals whose activities are directly concerned with the preservation, improvement and quality of the environment. | Environment education should be included in the curriculum of the primary education. | e |
id_3354 | In the sphere of education, in order to foster awareness and understanding of the impact of ecological interdependence, environment education should be made compulsory in the curricula of colleges and schools, starting from the primary level. This education, while catering to students should also be imparted to adults and professionals whose activities are directly concerned with the preservation, improvement and quality of the environment. | Quality of environment is generally improved with the environment education. | n |
id_3355 | In the sphere of education, in order to foster awareness and understanding of the impact of ecological interdependence, environment education should be made compulsory in the curricula of colleges and schools, starting from the primary level. This education, while catering to students should also be imparted to adults and professionals whose activities are directly concerned with the preservation, improvement and quality of the environment. | Environmental awareness should be encouraged among the students. | e |
id_3356 | In the sphere of education, in order to foster awareness and understanding of the impact of ecological interdependence, environment education should be made compulsory in the curricula of colleges and schools, starting from the primary level. This education, while catering to students should also be imparted to adults and professionals whose activities are directly concerned with the preservation, improvement and quality of the environment. | There are certain things in nature which do not fall within the ecological interdependence. | n |
id_3357 | In the sphere of education, in order to foster awareness and understanding of the impact of ecological interdependence, environment education should be made compulsory in the curricula of colleges and schools, starting from the primary level. This education, while catering to students should also be imparted to adults and professionals whose activities are directly concerned with the preservation, improvement and quality of the environment. | Environment education should be given to all adults. | n |
id_3358 | In the sphere of education, in order to foster awareness and understanding of the impact of ecological interdependence, environment education should be made compulsory in the curricula of colleges and schools, starting from the primary level. This education, while catering to students should also be imparted to adults and professionals whose activities are directly concerned with the preservation, improvement and quality of the environment. | Education should lead to character building. | c |
id_3359 | In the summer of 2012 Facebook launched a real-cash gambling application developed by the London based online gambling operator Gamesys. As featured in this app, gamers will be able to play numerous online games on Facebook with the chance of winning real money. A spokesperson for the company producing the app stated Real money gaming is a popular and well-regulated activity in the UK, and we are allowing a partner to offer their games to adult users on the Facebook platform in a safe and controlled manner However this move has generated controversy, UK members will be able to view the app and due to the number of young and vulnerable people on Facebook in the UK, this may encourage these people to gamble. As well as age restrictions on the application, a spending limit will also be in place to prevent excessive player losses, helping to negate losses for problem gamblers and children using their parents money. | Children are unable to access the real cash gambling app. | n |
id_3360 | In the summer of 2012 Facebook launched a real-cash gambling application developed by the London based online gambling operator Gamesys. As featured in this app, gamers will be able to play numerous online games on Facebook with the chance of winning real money. A spokesperson for the company producing the app stated Real money gaming is a popular and well-regulated activity in the UK, and we are allowing a partner to offer their games to adult users on the Facebook platform in a safe and controlled manner However this move has generated controversy, UK members will be able to view the app and due to the number of young and vulnerable people on Facebook in the UK, this may encourage these people to gamble. As well as age restrictions on the application, a spending limit will also be in place to prevent excessive player losses, helping to negate losses for problem gamblers and children using their parents money. | The real money gaming industry in the UK is well-regulated. | e |
id_3361 | In the summer of 2012 Facebook launched a real-cash gambling application developed by the London based online gambling operator Gamesys. As featured in this app, gamers will be able to play numerous online games on Facebook with the chance of winning real money. A spokesperson for the company producing the app stated Real money gaming is a popular and well-regulated activity in the UK, and we are allowing a partner to offer their games to adult users on the Facebook platform in a safe and controlled manner However this move has generated controversy, UK members will be able to view the app and due to the number of young and vulnerable people on Facebook in the UK, this may encourage these people to gamble. As well as age restrictions on the application, a spending limit will also be in place to prevent excessive player losses, helping to negate losses for problem gamblers and children using their parents money. | The online gambling app has been banned outside the UK. | n |
id_3362 | In the summer of 2012 Facebook launched a real-cash gambling application developed by the London based online gambling operator Gamesys. As featured in this app, gamers will be able to play numerous online games on Facebook with the chance of winning real money. A spokesperson for the company producing the app stated Real money gaming is a popular and well-regulated activity in the UK, and we are allowing a partner to offer their games to adult users on the Facebook platform in a safe and controlled manner However this move has generated controversy, UK members will be able to view the app and due to the number of young and vulnerable people on Facebook in the UK, this may encourage these people to gamble. As well as age restrictions on the application, a spending limit will also be in place to prevent excessive player losses, helping to negate losses for problem gamblers and children using their parents money. | Problem gamblers will be prevented from utilising the app. | n |
id_3363 | In their half year report, the speciality chemicals group Selios reported a 20per cent increase in operating income, but a fall in profits and a sharp rise in debt as a result both of higher raw material costs and its acquisition of GChemgics unwanted subsidiary, the fertilizer company RIG. In common with the majority of other chemicals corporations Selios have now officially pinned their hopes on an economic recovery in the second half of the year and the much anticipated raw material price drop. Following the announcement, the Selios share price dropped by 129% to a three year low, reflecting the markets continued concern over who will replace Peter Munn as Selios chairman and chief executive when he retires in two months. | The Selios chairman is soon taking early retirement. | n |
id_3364 | In their half year report, the speciality chemicals group Selios reported a 20per cent increase in operating income, but a fall in profits and a sharp rise in debt as a result both of higher raw material costs and its acquisition of GChemgics unwanted subsidiary, the fertilizer company RIG. In common with the majority of other chemicals corporations Selios have now officially pinned their hopes on an economic recovery in the second half of the year and the much anticipated raw material price drop. Following the announcement, the Selios share price dropped by 129% to a three year low, reflecting the markets continued concern over who will replace Peter Munn as Selios chairman and chief executive when he retires in two months. | Selios has reported the purchase of GChnemgic. | c |
id_3365 | In their half year report, the speciality chemicals group Selios reported a 20per cent increase in operating income, but a fall in profits and a sharp rise in debt as a result both of higher raw material costs and its acquisition of GChemgics unwanted subsidiary, the fertilizer company RIG. In common with the majority of other chemicals corporations Selios have now officially pinned their hopes on an economic recovery in the second half of the year and the much anticipated raw material price drop. Following the announcement, the Selios share price dropped by 129% to a three year low, reflecting the markets continued concern over who will replace Peter Munn as Selios chairman and chief executive when he retires in two months. | The Selios share price is higher than it was last August. | c |
id_3366 | In their half year report, the speciality chemicals group Selios reported a 20per cent increase in operating income, but a fall in profits and a sharp rise in debt as a result both of higher raw material costs and its acquisition of GChemgics unwanted subsidiary, the fertilizer company RIG. In common with the majority of other chemicals corporations Selios have now officially pinned their hopes on an economic recovery in the second half of the year and the much anticipated raw material price drop. Following the announcement, the Selios share price dropped by 129% to a three year low, reflecting the markets continued concern over who will replace Peter Munn as Selios chairman and chief executive when he retires in two months. | The market anticipates that Selios end of year results will report an improvement in performance. | n |
id_3367 | In todays competitive job market, educational achievement is of even greater importance. For this reason, it is not only the result of exams which are important, or even which university or college you attend. In todays climate, a further worry is which primary school students attend. In 2010, over 30,000 parents joined waiting lists for their children to attend a fee paying primary school. This figure is almost double that for the year of 2000. In this way, the UK is following in the footsteps of the United States, where it is estimated that one eighth of all primary schools are fee paying. | The waiting list for primary private schools in 2010 was double that of 2000. | e |
id_3368 | In todays competitive job market, educational achievement is of even greater importance. For this reason, it is not only the result of exams which are important, or even which university or college you attend. In todays climate, a further worry is which primary school students attend. In 2010, over 30,000 parents joined waiting lists for their children to attend a fee paying primary school. This figure is almost double that for the year of 2000. In this way, the UK is following in the footsteps of the United States, where it is estimated that one eighth of all primary schools are fee paying. | Roughly one in eight primary schools in the United States are fee paying. | e |
id_3369 | In todays competitive job market, educational achievement is of even greater importance. For this reason, it is not only the result of exams which are important, or even which university or college you attend. In todays climate, a further worry is which primary school students attend. In 2010, over 30,000 parents joined waiting lists for their children to attend a fee paying primary school. This figure is almost double that for the year of 2000. In this way, the UK is following in the footsteps of the United States, where it is estimated that one eighth of all primary schools are fee paying. | Educational achievement is highly important in the current job market. | e |
id_3370 | In todays competitive job market, educational achievement is of even greater importance. For this reason, it is not only the result of exams which are important, or even which university or college you attend. In todays climate, a further worry is which primary school students attend. In 2010, over 30,000 parents joined waiting lists for their children to attend a fee paying primary school. This figure is almost double that for the year of 2000. In this way, the UK is following in the footsteps of the United States, where it is estimated that one eighth of all primary schools are fee paying. | One in eight primary schools in the UK is private. | n |
id_3371 | In tropical rainforests the climate remains hot and damp all the year round. In the Arctic it is cold all year, and high up in mountain ranges the climate is much colder than in nearby low-lying lands. Climate is not the same as weather. The weather can change quickly whereas the climate describes the likely weather conditions over a much longer period of time. The world is divided into five climate zones. Polar is the only zone where it is always cold, tropical where it is hot all year round, temperate where there are warm summers and cold winters, desert where it is dry and cool, and forest where the summers are cool and short. Great climate changes have occurred, an example of which is the last ice age. Mankind can affect climate when, for example, he causes great forest fires that create so much smoke that the sun is obscured for months, cooling a region. More recently man has affected the climate as a result of pollution from industry, causing the earth to warm through what is called the greenhouse effect. | The passage describes how climate can change. | e |
id_3372 | In tropical rainforests the climate remains hot and damp all the year round. In the Arctic it is cold all year, and high up in mountain ranges the climate is much colder than in nearby low-lying lands. Climate is not the same as weather. The weather can change quickly whereas the climate describes the likely weather conditions over a much longer period of time. The world is divided into five climate zones. Polar is the only zone where it is always cold, tropical where it is hot all year round, temperate where there are warm summers and cold winters, desert where it is dry and cool, and forest where the summers are cool and short. Great climate changes have occurred, an example of which is the last ice age. Mankind can affect climate when, for example, he causes great forest fires that create so much smoke that the sun is obscured for months, cooling a region. More recently man has affected the climate as a result of pollution from industry, causing the earth to warm through what is called the greenhouse effect. | You can infer from the passage that the Arctic is a polar climate zone. | e |
id_3373 | In tropical rainforests the climate remains hot and damp all the year round. In the Arctic it is cold all year, and high up in mountain ranges the climate is much colder than in nearby low-lying lands. Climate is not the same as weather. The weather can change quickly whereas the climate describes the likely weather conditions over a much longer period of time. The world is divided into five climate zones. Polar is the only zone where it is always cold, tropical where it is hot all year round, temperate where there are warm summers and cold winters, desert where it is dry and cool, and forest where the summers are cool and short. Great climate changes have occurred, an example of which is the last ice age. Mankind can affect climate when, for example, he causes great forest fires that create so much smoke that the sun is obscured for months, cooling a region. More recently man has affected the climate as a result of pollution from industry, causing the earth to warm through what is called the greenhouse effect. | The passage states that the weather in high mountain ranges is cooler than in nearby low-lying areas. | c |
id_3374 | In tropical rainforests the climate remains hot and damp all the year round. In the Arctic it is cold all year, and high up in mountain ranges the climate is much colder than in nearby low-lying lands. Climate is not the same as weather. The weather can change quickly whereas the climate describes the likely weather conditions over a much longer period of time. The world is divided into five climate zones. Polar is the only zone where it is always cold, tropical where it is hot all year round, temperate where there are warm summers and cold winters, desert where it is dry and cool, and forest where the summers are cool and short. Great climate changes have occurred, an example of which is the last ice age. Mankind can affect climate when, for example, he causes great forest fires that create so much smoke that the sun is obscured for months, cooling a region. More recently man has affected the climate as a result of pollution from industry, causing the earth to warm through what is called the greenhouse effect. | In deserts the winter is cooler than the summer. | n |
id_3375 | In tropical rainforests the climate remains hot and damp all the year round. In the Arctic it is cold all year, and high up in mountain ranges the climate is much colder than in nearby low-lying lands. Climate is not the same as weather. The weather can change quickly whereas the climate describes the likely weather conditions over a much longer period of time. The world is divided into five climate zones. Polar is the only zone where it is always cold, tropical where it is hot all year round, temperate where there are warm summers and cold winters, desert where it is dry and cool, and forest where the summers are cool and short. Great climate changes have occurred, an example of which is the last ice age. Mankind can affect climate when, for example, he causes great forest fires that create so much smoke that the sun is obscured for months, cooling a region. More recently man has affected the climate as a result of pollution from industry, causing the earth to warm through what is called the greenhouse effect. | In a tropical rainforest the climate is the same winter and summer. | e |
id_3376 | Increasingly psychotherapy is being shown in relevant studies to be an effective form of treatment for mental disorders in its own right, despite frequent claims that evidence for its effectiveness in number of serious disorders is almost totally lacking. Moreover, studies have suggested that a combination of psychotherapy and appropriate medication may lead, in the case of at least some identifiable mental disorders, to significantly better outcomes compared to those in which medication is applied without the support of psychotherapy. This provides support for mental health professionals to consider psychotherapy when deciding on the treatment of patients suffering from mental disorders. | There are conditions for which the combination of psychotherapy and medication does not improve the outcome in comparison to the use of medication alone. | n |
id_3377 | Increasingly psychotherapy is being shown in relevant studies to be an effective form of treatment for mental disorders in its own right, despite frequent claims that evidence for its effectiveness in number of serious disorders is almost totally lacking. Moreover, studies have suggested that a combination of psychotherapy and appropriate medication may lead, in the case of at least some identifiable mental disorders, to significantly better outcomes compared to those in which medication is applied without the support of psychotherapy. This provides support for mental health professionals to consider psychotherapy when deciding on the treatment of patients suffering from mental disorders. | It cannot be concluded that psychotherapy can be as effective as medication in the treatment of every form of mental disorder. | e |
id_3378 | Increasingly psychotherapy is being shown in relevant studies to be an effective form of treatment for mental disorders in its own right, despite frequent claims that evidence for its effectiveness in number of serious disorders is almost totally lacking. Moreover, studies have suggested that a combination of psychotherapy and appropriate medication may lead, in the case of at least some identifiable mental disorders, to significantly better outcomes compared to those in which medication is applied without the support of psychotherapy. This provides support for mental health professionals to consider psychotherapy when deciding on the treatment of patients suffering from mental disorders. | Unless combined with psychotherapy, medication is rarely effective in the treatment of mental disorders. | n |
id_3379 | Increasingly psychotherapy is being shown in relevant studies to be an effective form of treatment for mental disorders in its own right, despite frequent claims that evidence for its effectiveness in number of serious disorders is almost totally lacking. Moreover, studies have suggested that a combination of psychotherapy and appropriate medication may lead, in the case of at least some identifiable mental disorders, to significantly better outcomes compared to those in which medication is applied without the support of psychotherapy. This provides support for mental health professionals to consider psychotherapy when deciding on the treatment of patients suffering from mental disorders. | Psychotherapy, often combined with medication, is used more and more by mental health professionals. | n |
id_3380 | Increasingly, ambitious staff are looking to change jobs more frequently, with a recent survey indicating that more than 40 per cent of the workforce plan to change jobs within the next year. Career advancement was cited as the most popular reason for moving on with the concept of a job for life no longer being considered attractive or viable. Perhaps surprisingly salary and flexible working arrangements were not the main factors serving to keep employees motivated, rather variety and the challenge of the role plus promotional and career advancement opportunities were considered of great import. | The concept of a job for life is no longer considered realistic | e |
id_3381 | Increasingly, ambitious staff are looking to change jobs more frequently, with a recent survey indicating that more than 40 per cent of the workforce plan to change jobs within the next year. Career advancement was cited as the most popular reason for moving on with the concept of a job for life no longer being considered attractive or viable. Perhaps surprisingly salary and flexible working arrangements were not the main factors serving to keep employees motivated, rather variety and the challenge of the role plus promotional and career advancement opportunities were considered of great import. | Ambitious staff are keen to move on to progress their career. | e |
id_3382 | Increasingly, ambitious staff are looking to change jobs more frequently, with a recent survey indicating that more than 40 per cent of the workforce plan to change jobs within the next year. Career advancement was cited as the most popular reason for moving on with the concept of a job for life no longer being considered attractive or viable. Perhaps surprisingly salary and flexible working arrangements were not the main factors serving to keep employees motivated, rather variety and the challenge of the role plus promotional and career advancement opportunities were considered of great import. | Flexi-time and job-share schemes are attractive options for employees with home commitments. | n |
id_3383 | Increasingly, ambitious staff are looking to change jobs more frequently, with a recent survey indicating that more than 40 per cent of the workforce plan to change jobs within the next year. Career advancement was cited as the most popular reason for moving on with the concept of a job for life no longer being considered attractive or viable. Perhaps surprisingly salary and flexible working arrangements were not the main factors serving to keep employees motivated, rather variety and the challenge of the role plus promotional and career advancement opportunities were considered of great import. | More than 60 per cent staff plan to stay in their jobs for the foreseeable future. | c |
id_3384 | Increasingly, psychotherapy is being shown in relevant studies to be an effective form of treatment for mental disorders in its own right, despite frequent claims that evidence for its effectiveness in number of serious disorders is almost totally lacking. Moreover , studies have suggested that a combination of psychotherapy and appropriate medication may lead, in the case of at least some identifiable mental disorders, to significantly better outcomes compared to those in which medication is applied without the support of psychotherapy. This provides support for mental health professionals to consider psychotherapy when deciding on the treatment of patients suffering from mental disorders. | Psychotherapy, often combined with medication, is used more and more by mental health professionals. | n |
id_3385 | Increasingly, psychotherapy is being shown in relevant studies to be an effective form of treatment for mental disorders in its own right, despite frequent claims that evidence for its effectiveness in number of serious disorders is almost totally lacking. Moreover , studies have suggested that a combination of psychotherapy and appropriate medication may lead, in the case of at least some identifiable mental disorders, to significantly better outcomes compared to those in which medication is applied without the support of psychotherapy. This provides support for mental health professionals to consider psychotherapy when deciding on the treatment of patients suffering from mental disorders. | Unless combined with psychotherapy, medication is rarely effective in the treatment of mental disorders. | n |
id_3386 | Increasingly, psychotherapy is being shown in relevant studies to be an effective form of treatment for mental disorders in its own right, despite frequent claims that evidence for its effectiveness in number of serious disorders is almost totally lacking. Moreover , studies have suggested that a combination of psychotherapy and appropriate medication may lead, in the case of at least some identifiable mental disorders, to significantly better outcomes compared to those in which medication is applied without the support of psychotherapy. This provides support for mental health professionals to consider psychotherapy when deciding on the treatment of patients suffering from mental disorders. | There are conditions for which the combination of psychotherapy and medication does not improve the outcome in comparison to the use of medication alone. | e |
id_3387 | Increasingly, psychotherapy is being shown in relevant studies to be an effective form of treatment for mental disorders in its own right, despite frequent claims that evidence for its effectiveness in number of serious disorders is almost totally lacking. Moreover , studies have suggested that a combination of psychotherapy and appropriate medication may lead, in the case of at least some identifiable mental disorders, to significantly better outcomes compared to those in which medication is applied without the support of psychotherapy. This provides support for mental health professionals to consider psychotherapy when deciding on the treatment of patients suffering from mental disorders. | It cannot be concluded that psychotherapy can be as effective as medication in the treatment of every form of mental disorder. | e |
id_3388 | India is fast becoming the worlds biggest supplier of services to Europe and the United States. It used to be thought that services had to be delivered in the same country as the customer because they required staff to be near their clients. In the world of outsourcing, telesales and internet purchasing this is no longer the case and service providers in Europe and the United States have struggled to compete because of the regulatory burden and high wages. Now India has its sights on winning business in the sectors of banking, finance, accountancy and law. It seems that very little can be done to stop European and US jobs in these industries going the same way as so many manufacturing jobs and migrating to the huge, English speaking, highly educated and low wage Indian workforce. | The passage promotes the view that India is making inroads into new markets that were once considered safe from overseas competition. | e |
id_3389 | India is fast becoming the worlds biggest supplier of services to Europe and the United States. It used to be thought that services had to be delivered in the same country as the customer because they required staff to be near their clients. In the world of outsourcing, telesales and internet purchasing this is no longer the case and service providers in Europe and the United States have struggled to compete because of the regulatory burden and high wages. Now India has its sights on winning business in the sectors of banking, finance, accountancy and law. It seems that very little can be done to stop European and US jobs in these industries going the same way as so many manufacturing jobs and migrating to the huge, English speaking, highly educated and low wage Indian workforce. | The loss of manufacturing jobs is less of a worry than the loss of jobs in the service industries. | n |
id_3390 | India is fast becoming the worlds biggest supplier of services to Europe and the United States. It used to be thought that services had to be delivered in the same country as the customer because they required staff to be near their clients. In the world of outsourcing, telesales and internet purchasing this is no longer the case and service providers in Europe and the United States have struggled to compete because of the regulatory burden and high wages. Now India has its sights on winning business in the sectors of banking, finance, accountancy and law. It seems that very little can be done to stop European and US jobs in these industries going the same way as so many manufacturing jobs and migrating to the huge, English speaking, highly educated and low wage Indian workforce. | The author would not agree that there is little we can do to stop European and US jobs in banking, finance, accountancy and law being lost to India. | c |
id_3391 | India is fast becoming the worlds biggest supplier of services to Europe and the United States. It used to be thought that services had to be delivered in the same country as the customer because they required staff to be near their clients. In the world of outsourcing, telesales and internet purchasing this is no longer the case and service providers in Europe and the United States have struggled to compete because of the regulatory burden and high wages. Now India has its sights on winning business in the sectors of banking, finance, accountancy and law. It seems that very little can be done to stop European and US jobs in these industries going the same way as so many manufacturing jobs and migrating to the huge, English speaking, highly educated and low wage Indian workforce. | The passage suggests that Indias economic growth is unsustainable. | c |
id_3392 | India is fast becoming the worlds biggest supplier of services to Europe and the United States. It used to be thought that services had to be delivered in the same country as the customer because they required staff to be near their clients. In the world of outsourcing, telesales and internet purchasing this is no longer the case and service providers in Europe and the United States have struggled to compete because of the regulatory burden and high wages. Now India has its sights on winning business in the sectors of banking, finance, accountancy and law. It seems that very little can be done to stop European and US jobs in these industries going the same way as so many manufacturing jobs and migrating to the huge, English speaking, highly educated and low wage Indian workforce. | It is asserted in the passage that service providers in Europe and the United States are put at a disadvantage because of regulatory burdens and high wages. | e |
id_3393 | India won the second test match against Pakistan by one innings and two hundred and three runs. The greatest contribution was from the bowlers. | It was Indias biggest win against Pakistan. | c |
id_3394 | India won the second test match against Pakistan by one innings and two hundred and three runs. The greatest contribution was from the bowlers. | Most of the Indian players are bowlers. | c |
id_3395 | Indias economy grew faster than estimated last quarter, maintaining pressure on the central bank to extend its record interest-rate increases even as the global recovery weakens. Stocks, bond yields and the rupee advanced. Gross domestic product rose 7.7 percent in the three months ended June 30 from a year earlier, the Central Statistical Office said in New Delhi today. That compares with a 7.8 percent climb in the previous three months. The median of 26 predictions in a Bloomberg News survey was for a 7.6 percent gain. Indias consumption has remained strong because of higher salaries and inflation may remain stubborn in the near term, the Reserve Bank of India said last week. By contrast, growth has cooled in other Asian nations such as Taiwan, South Korea and Malaysia as a faltering U. S. recovery and Europes debt crisis curb demand for the regions exports. | The unstable U. S. and European economies have caused a cooling in all Asian economies. | c |
id_3396 | Indias economy grew faster than estimated last quarter, maintaining pressure on the central bank to extend its record interest-rate increases even as the global recovery weakens. Stocks, bond yields and the rupee advanced. Gross domestic product rose 7.7 percent in the three months ended June 30 from a year earlier, the Central Statistical Office said in New Delhi today. That compares with a 7.8 percent climb in the previous three months. The median of 26 predictions in a Bloomberg News survey was for a 7.6 percent gain. Indias consumption has remained strong because of higher salaries and inflation may remain stubborn in the near term, the Reserve Bank of India said last week. By contrast, growth has cooled in other Asian nations such as Taiwan, South Korea and Malaysia as a faltering U. S. recovery and Europes debt crisis curb demand for the regions exports. | The United States and Europe have not been importing from Taiwan as much as they used to. | e |
id_3397 | Indias economy grew faster than estimated last quarter, maintaining pressure on the central bank to extend its record interest-rate increases even as the global recovery weakens. Stocks, bond yields and the rupee advanced. Gross domestic product rose 7.7 percent in the three months ended June 30 from a year earlier, the Central Statistical Office said in New Delhi today. That compares with a 7.8 percent climb in the previous three months. The median of 26 predictions in a Bloomberg News survey was for a 7.6 percent gain. Indias consumption has remained strong because of higher salaries and inflation may remain stubborn in the near term, the Reserve Bank of India said last week. By contrast, growth has cooled in other Asian nations such as Taiwan, South Korea and Malaysia as a faltering U. S. recovery and Europes debt crisis curb demand for the regions exports. | Every participant in the Bloomberg News surveys was accurate to within a 0.1 percent range. | n |
id_3398 | Indias economy grew faster than estimated last quarter, maintaining pressure on the central bank to extend its record interest-rate increases even as the global recovery weakens. Stocks, bond yields and the rupee advanced. Gross domestic product rose 7.7 percent in the three months ended June 30from a year earlier, the Central Statistical Office said in New Delhi today. That compares with a 7.8 percent climb in the previous three months. The median of 26 predictions in a Bloomberg News survey was for a 7.6 percent gain. Indias consumption has remained strong because of higher salaries and inflation may remain stubborn in the near term, the Reserve Bank of India said last week. By contrast, growth has cooled in other Asian nations such as Taiwan, South Korea and Malaysia as a faltering U. S. recovery and Europesdebt crisis curb demand for the regions exports | India's gross domestic product, while booming, is lower this year so far than forecast. | c |
id_3399 | Indias economy grew faster than estimated last quarter, maintaining pressure on the central bank to extend its record interest-rate increases even as the global recovery weakens. Stocks, bond yields and the rupee advanced. Gross domestic product rose 7.7 percent in the three months ended June 30from a year earlier, the Central Statistical Office said in New Delhi today. That compares with a 7.8 percent climb in the previous three months. The median of 26 predictions in a Bloomberg News survey was for a 7.6 percent gain. Indias consumption has remained strong because of higher salaries and inflation may remain stubborn in the near term, the Reserve Bank of India said last week. By contrast, growth has cooled in other Asian nations such as Taiwan, South Korea and Malaysia as a faltering U. S. recovery and Europesdebt crisis curb demand for the regions exports | India's GDP rose by 15.5% during the six months that ended June 30. | c |
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