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23573143 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0ebest%C4%9Bnice | Šebestěnice | Šebestěnice is a municipality and village in Kutná Hora District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 80 inhabitants.
References
Villages in Kutná Hora District |
17330555 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1513%20M%C3%A1tra | 1513 Mátra | 1513 Mátra, provisional designation , is a stony Florian asteroid from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 5 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 10 March 1940, by Hungarian astronomer György Kulin at Konkoly Observatory in Budapest, Hungary. It was later named after the Mátra mountain range.
Orbit and classification
Mátra is a member of the Flora family, a large group of stony S-type asteroids in the inner main-belt. It orbits the Sun at a distance of 2.0–2.4 AU once every 3 years and 3 months (1,186 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.10 and an inclination of 4° with respect to the ecliptic.
One day prior to Mátras official discovery observation at Konkoly, a precovery was taken at Nice Observatory. However, the body's observation arc begins 10 years later in 1950, when it was observed at the La Plata Observatory in Argentina.
Physical characteristics
Rotation period
American astronomer Richard P. Binzel obtained a rotational light-curve of Mátra from photometric observation in the 1980s. It gave a tentative rotation period of 24 hours with a brightness variation of 0.1 magnitude (). As of 2017, a secure period still has yet to be determined.
Diameter and albedo
According to the survey carried out by NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer with its subsequent NEOWISE mission, Mátra measures between 4.96 and 6.60 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo between 0.189 and 0.34.
The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link assumes an albedo of 0.24 – derived from the family's largest body and namesake, the asteroid 8 Flora – and calculates a diameter of 5.85 kilometers with an absolute magnitude of 13.33.
Naming
This minor planet was named after the Mátra mountain range in northern Hungary, where the outstation of the discovering Konkoly Observatory is located. The official naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 1 February 1980 ().
References
External links
Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB), query form (info )
Dictionary of Minor Planet Names, Google books
Asteroids and comets rotation curves, CdR – Observatoire de Genève, Raoul Behrend
Discovery Circumstances: Numbered Minor Planets (1)-(5000) – Minor Planet Center
001513
Discoveries by György Kulin
Named minor planets
19400310 |
23573144 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin%20Bayly | Martin Bayly | Martin Joseph Bayly (born 14 September 1966) is an Irish former professional footballer and manager.
His older brother is Ritchie Bayly while his nephew Robert Bayly currently plays for Shamrock Rovers.
Career
Club career
Born in Dublin, Bayly began his professional career as a youth player with local side Little Bray and English team Wolverhampton Wanderers. Bayly made his senior debut on 21 April 1984 in a 3–0 loss to Ipswich Town in the First Division, the first of seven consecutive appearances. He won the club's Young Player of the Year Award for the season, but made just three further appearances in the 1984–85 season before being released in the summer. In total, Bayly made a total of ten appearances in the Football League for Wolves.
Bayly was then briefly on the books at Coventry City before returning to his native Ireland to join Sligo Rovers. Bayly won the PFAI Young Player of the Year Award in 1987.
While at Sligo, Bayly played in the last ever game at Glenmalure Park in April 1987. Bayly then guested for Shamrock Rovers in a tournament in South Korea in June 1987, before moving to Derry City in 1988. After a year in Spain with UE Figueres, Bayly returned to Ireland to play with a number of clubs including St Patrick's Athletic, Derry City, St James's Gate, Athlone Town and Monaghan United, before signing with Shamrock Rovers in May 1992. Bayly was released by Shamrock Rovers in January 1993,
International career
Bayly appeared for Ireland in the 1984 UEFA European Under-18 Football Championship and the 1985 FIFA World Youth Championship.
References
1966 births
Living people
Republic of Ireland association footballers
Republic of Ireland under-21 international footballers
Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C. players
Coventry City F.C. players
English Football League players
Sligo Rovers F.C. players
Derry City F.C. players
UE Figueres footballers
St Patrick's Athletic F.C. players
Athlone Town A.F.C. players
Monaghan United F.C. players
Shamrock Rovers F.C. players
Shamrock Rovers F.C. guest players
Home Farm F.C. players
Linfield F.C. players
League of Ireland XI players
League of Ireland players
League of Ireland managers
NIFL Premiership players
Home Farm F.C. coaches
St James's Gate F.C. players
Association football midfielders
Republic of Ireland football managers |
23573146 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0tipoklasy | Štipoklasy | Štipoklasy is a municipality and village in Kutná Hora District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 200 inhabitants.
Gallery
References
Villages in Kutná Hora District |
23573149 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C5%99ebe%C5%A1ice%20%28Kutn%C3%A1%20Hora%20District%29 | Třebešice (Kutná Hora District) | Třebešice is a municipality and village in Kutná Hora District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 300 inhabitants.
Sights
Třebešice is known for the Třebešice Castle.
References
Villages in Kutná Hora District |
23573152 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C5%99eb%C4%9Bt%C3%ADn | Třebětín | Třebětín is a municipality and village in Kutná Hora District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 100 inhabitants.
Administrative parts
Villages of Hostkovice and Víckovice are administrative parts of Třebětín.
References
Villages in Kutná Hora District |
17330564 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mallu%20Magalh%C3%A3es | Mallu Magalhães | Maria Luiza de Arruda Botelho Pereira de Magalhães (born August 29, 1992), known as Mallu Magalhães (), is a Brazilian singer, songwriter and musician. Mallu first came to prominence through her MySpace page, becoming known for her own songs and those of renowned artists. She found herself gracing the covers of major newspapers such as Folha de S. Paulo, O Estado de S. Paulo and Jornal do Brasil, and was featured in Rolling Stone, Istoé, Época among others. In the first two years of career, she became the subject of countless blogs, packed shows, attracted critical attention, and had more than 4 million hits on her MySpace page. In 2008 she released her first eponymous album and in 2009 she released her second album, also self-titled. In 2013 she formed Banda do Mar, along with her husband Marcelo Camelo, and the Portuguese drummer Fred Ferreira. Their first album was released in August 2014. Mallu has a daughter, Luísa, born December 28, 2015.
Biography
1992–2007: Before the fame
Mallu is the daughter of a landscape architect and an engineer with a passion for classic rock, which appears as an influence on their musical tastes. Aged eight, Mallu received a guitar from her father and two years later began teaching. At twelve, she began writing songs, mostly written in English.
On her 15th birthday, Mallu asked her parents and grandparents that their gifts were given in cash. With it, Mallu managed to record four songs in the studio Lucy Sky, and put them on her MySpace page, among which "Tchubaruba", "J1" and the music video "Vanguart" became best known.
Mallu has received positive criticism in publications such as Rolling Stone, Trip and Bravo!, and her music has been praised for its inception, spontaneity, cultural background and her talent for singing and composing both in English and Portuguese. Mallu also sings and composes in French. She lists her influences as classic rock and folk as well as The Beatles, Belle & Sebastian, Bob Dylan, Johnny Cash, and other similar musical styles.
Mallu Magalhães was the first artist from Brazil to participate in the design world Sessions MTV and at the same station, had her first clip "J1", as one of the most requested by viewers.
Mallu plays guitar, harmonica, melodica and banjo.
2008–2009: First album, tour, and DVD
With concerts selling out across the country, she held a special show for the clothing line Maria Bonita Extra, at Fashion Rio, a major fashion event in Brazil; three concerts in Portugal, one of which at the biggest music festival in the country, Southwest Festival, along with Faith No More and Lily Allen. The songs "J1" and "Tchubaruba" were also used in a national campaign for Brazilian cell phone operator Vivo.
Mallu collected appraisals from celebrities and national personalities all over Brazil. She was a special guest at Tom Zé's talk show. Being one of her greatest fans, he declared once:
"I heard the music of Mallu and loved it. I became a fan."
During the holidays in July 2008, Mallu recorded at AR studios in Rio de Janeiro, where a console analog to the one at British EMI's Abbey Road Studios, analogue tape recorders and rare microphones from the 60s were used, to capture the atmosphere. The production was led by Mario Caldato Jr, who had worked with artists like John Lee Hooker, Beck and Björk, and the album was released independently by the Agencia de Música and Microservice on November 15, 2008.
Invited by the artist Marcelo Camelo (Los Hermanos), Mallu sang and played the guitar in the song Janta (Marcelo Camelo), which appeared on Camelo's debut album. Both admitted having a relationship after Camelo made a special appearance at Mallu's concert on Morro da Urca in October 2008.
That same year Mallu was nominated for the Brazilian's MTV Music Awards, running for artist of the year, best new artist and concert of the year, but lost. She spent the year traveling around Brazil and giving numerous concerts, including one at the My Space Music Tour, a gratuitous series of concerts. In early October, she recorded her first live DVD during a concert in São Paulo.
2009–2010: Second album and tour
In August 2009, Mallu entered the studio again, this time under the direction of renowned producer Kassin (Vanessa da Mata, Caetano Veloso, Mariah Carey) to record her second CD, which was launched on December 8, 2009 Agência de Música/Sony Music with Shine Yellow as the first single. A tour supported the album pair began on January 23, 2010 in the "Festival de Verão de Salvador" in Salvador, Bahia.
2011–2013: Third album and international exposure
In "Pitanga", produced in partnership with her boyfriend Marcelo Camelo and released on September 30, 2011, Mallu presents her third album showing both personal and musical growth. In this album, the artist explored new instruments such as drums, piano and electric guitars. "Highly Sensitive", a compilation, was released in October 2013 in the US, Mallu's first US release. Prior to the release of the album, the title track "Highly Sensitive" was used as the soundtrack for Windows 8 commercial ads.
2013–present: Banda do Mar and Vem
After moving to Lisbon with her husband Marcelo Camelo, they joined the drummer Fred Ferreira to form Banda do Mar, releasing their first album in late 2014. In 2017, she released her fourth solo album Vem, which was elected the 4th best Brazilian album of 2017 by the Brazilian edition of Rolling Stone.
Discography
Solo
Studio albums
Mallu Magalhães (2008)
Mallu Magalhães (2009)
Pitanga (2011)
Vem (2017)
Esperança (2021)
Compilation albums
Highly Sensitive (2013)
Video releases
Mallu Magalhães (2008)
With Banda do Mar
Banda do Mar (2014)
Tours
Awards and nominations
References
1992 births
Living people
21st-century Brazilian women singers
21st-century Brazilian singers
Musicians from São Paulo
Latin music songwriters
Brazilian banjoists
Brazilian emigrants to Portugal
Brazilian women singer-songwriters |
23573156 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C5%99ebon%C3%ADn | Třebonín | Třebonín is a municipality and village in Kutná Hora District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 100 inhabitants.
References
Villages in Kutná Hora District |
23573160 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tupadly%20%28Kutn%C3%A1%20Hora%20District%29 | Tupadly (Kutná Hora District) | Tupadly is a municipality and village in Kutná Hora District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 700 inhabitants.
References
Villages in Kutná Hora District |
23573161 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%8Chinetamatea%20River | Ōhinetamatea River | Ōhinetamatea River / Saltwater Creek is a river in the Westland District of New Zealand.
The river rises on the north flank of the Copland Range and flows generally northward until it reaches the valley of the Cook River and turns westward. There is a high waterfall at elevation. The river passes to the south of an ancient glacial moraine which separates its lower reaches from the Cook River valley.
See also
List of rivers of New Zealand
References
Westland District
Rivers of the West Coast, New Zealand
Rivers of New Zealand |
23573162 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Amon%C3%ADn | Úmonín | Úmonín is a municipality and village in Kutná Hora District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 500 inhabitants.
Administrative parts
Villages of Březová, Hájek, Korotice, Lomec and Lomeček are administrative parts of Úmonín.
Notable people
Lawrence of Březová (c. 1370 – c. 1437), historian and writer
Lata Brandisová (1895–1981), aristocrat and equestrian
References
Villages in Kutná Hora District |
23573165 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9A%C5%BEice%20%28Kutn%C3%A1%20Hora%20District%29 | Úžice (Kutná Hora District) | Úžice () is a municipality and village in Kutná Hora District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 700 inhabitants.
Administrative parts
Villages of Benátky, Čekanov, Chrastná, Františkov, Karlovice, Mělník, Nechyba, Radvanice and Smrk are administrative parts of Úžice.
In popular culture
The 1403 recreation of the village, called Uzhitz, was prominently featured in Czech role-playing game Kingdom Come: Deliverance.
References
Villages in Kutná Hora District |
23573168 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vav%C5%99inec%20%28Kutn%C3%A1%20Hora%20District%29 | Vavřinec (Kutná Hora District) | Vavřinec is a municipality and village in Kutná Hora District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 600 inhabitants.
Administrative parts
Villages of Chmeliště and Žíšov are administrative parts of Vavřinec.
History
The settlement was founded together with the local church in the 14th century and was named after the patron of the original Romanesque church – Saint Lawrence.
References
Villages in Kutná Hora District |
23573171 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vidice%20%28Kutn%C3%A1%20Hora%20District%29 | Vidice (Kutná Hora District) | Vidice is a municipality and village in Kutná Hora District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 300 inhabitants.
Administrative parts
Villages of Karlov t. Doubrava, Nová Lhota, Roztěž and Tuchotice are administrative parts of Vidice.
References
Villages in Kutná Hora District |
23573172 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vina%C5%99e | Vinaře | Vinaře is a municipality and village in Kutná Hora District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 300 inhabitants.
Administrative parts
The village of Vinice is an administrative part of Vinaře.
References
Villages in Kutná Hora District |
6903024 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3.%20Liga | 3. Liga | The 3. Liga is a professional association football league and the third division in Germany. In the German football league system, it is positioned between the 2. Bundesliga and the fourth-tier Regionalliga.
The modern 3. Liga was formed for the 2008–09 season, replacing the Regionalliga, which had previously served as the third-tier in the country. In Germany, the 3. Liga is also the highest division that a club's reserve team can play in.
History
In January 2006, the discussion was made about a reorganization of the amateur leagues and the establishment of a single-track "3. Bundesliga". The aim of the reform was to create a great performance density for the substructure of the 2. Bundesliga with better support and development opportunities for talented players. In addition, better marketing of the third division should be achieved. A violent dispute broke out in the run-up to the decision scheduled for September 2006 at the DFB-Bundestag about the participation of second teams in the first and second division. After the U23 teams of the professional clubs were initially not supposed to take part in the newly created league for reasons of distortion of competition and low attendance, several Bundesliga clubs demanded, an unrestricted right to participate. Ultimately, a compromise was worked out that initially only allowed four-second substitutes to play in the premier season of the third division.
On 8 September 2006, the introduction of the single-track 3. Liga was finally decided at an extraordinary DFB Bundestag. Half of the clubs from the existing Regionalliga North and South were able to qualify for the premiere season, plus four relegated teams from the 2. Bundesliga. The German Football Association, the DFB, announced the formation of the 3. Liga. It was originally anticipated that the league's name would be 3. Bundesliga, but the DFB chose 3. Liga instead, as the league will be directly administered by the DFB, not by the German Football League DFL (Deutsche Fußball Liga) who runs both Bundesliga and 2. Bundesliga. On 10 April 2008, the DFB presented the logo for the new division to the public.
In contrast to the introduction of the 2. Liga in 1974 or the merging of the north and south seasons to form the single-track 2. Bundesliga for the 1981–82 season, there was no multi-year rating when determining the participants for the first season of the new 3. Liga. It was only the performance of the teams in the qualifying period of the Regionalliga relays were athletically qualified for the 3. Liga. In addition, there were four 2. Liga relegated teams in the 2007–08 season. The Regionalliga players who were not qualified for the new division after completing the admission process competed in the new three-pronged fourth division Regionalliga, provided they were granted a license for this.
The first match of the 3. Liga was played on 25 July 2008 between Rot-Weiß Erfurt and Dynamo Dresden at the Steigerwaldstadion in Erfurt. Dynamo Dresden won the match 1–0, with Halil Savran scoring the only goal in the closing stages of the first half. The first goal scorer in the 3. Liga was Halil Savran and the first table leader was SC Paderborn 07. The first champions of the 3. Liga were 1. FC Union Berlin on 9 May 2009, who received the eight-and-a-half-kilogram silver championship trophy.
In the 2018–19 season, four relegated teams were determined for the first time in the history of the 3. Liga, and for the first-time regular Monday games took place. Furthermore, for the first time no U23 team from a higher-class club was able to qualify for the league. With the relegation of the last founding member of the 3. Liga, FC Rot-Weiß Erfurt, in the preseason, for the first time, no team that been part of the league without interruption took part in the game. In addition, at the beginning of the 2018–19 season, the DFB and Adidas signed a partner contract that would run until the end of the 2021–22 season, according to which the company provides a uniform match ball; in all previous seasons each club had its own ball sponsor. The first ball provided by Adidas for all the clubs was the Telstar 18, which was also used at the 2018 FIFA World Cup.
For the 2019–20 season, as in the two national leagues, warnings for club officials were introduced in the form of cards. On the 13th match day, the DFB expanded the regulation by an addition – as with players, club officials are threatened with suspension of more than one game and yellow card suspensions after being sent off after being checked by the competent authority. In view of the global COVID-19 pandemic, gaming operations had to be temporarily suspended after 27 match days on 11 March 2020 and finally completely ceased on 16 March; the measure was initially valid until 30 April 2020. On 3 April, the DFB announced extensive changes to the game rules as a result. Among other things, it was possible to carry out seasonal operations beyond 30 June 2020, so the following season was opened later than the planned time. Ultimately, the final game day took place on 4 July 2020. In addition, a possible application to open insolvency proceedings within the 2019–20 season would no longer have resulted in a point deduction, in the following season only three points would be deducted instead of the usual nine; from the 2021–22 season onwards, the usual regulation should apply again. On 21 May, it was decided to resume game operations on 30 May, and the DFB and DFL had worked out a hygiene concept for all three leagues with the help of the "Task Force Sports Medicine/Special Game Operations". In parallel to the two national leagues, the DFB increased the substitutions quota per team from three to five player for the 3. Liga until the end of the season, and the third-highest German division was not allowed be played in front of spectators.
While small numbers of spectators are allowed from the start of the 2020–21 season under certain conditions, it was decided in an internal league survey to limit the substitution contingent to three players again.
Financial situation
From its foundation in 2008 to 2013, the league operated at a financial loss, with a record deficit of €20.9 million in 2012–13. The 2013–14 season saw the league make a profit for the first time, of €4.9 million. The league earned €164.5 million, well behind the two Bundesligas above it, but also well ahead of other professional sports leagues in Germany. The Deutsche Eishockey Liga followed with €106.1 million and the Basketball Bundesliga and Handball-Bundesliga were each around the €90 million mark. This makes it the third-most economically successful professional league in all German sports.
Clubs
Since the establishment of the 3. Liga in 2008, a total of 63 clubs have played in this division. In the 2021–22 season, SC Freiburg II, Viktoria Berlin and TSV Havelse were represented in the league for the first time. The last club that has been in the 3. Liga without interruption since it was founded in 2008 is FC Rot-Weiß Erfurt, which was relegated in 2018. The longest uninterrupted club playing in the league is SV Wehen Wiesbaden, which from 2009 until its promotion to the 2. Liga in 2019, played in the 3. Liga for 10 years and also leads the all-time table. The club that has remained the longest at the moment is Hallescher FC, which has remained in the division since 2012. The clubs with the currently most – 12 – seasons in the 2. Liga is also SV Wehen Wiesbaden.
Members of and stadiums in the 2022–23 3. Liga
Structure
Since the first season in 2008–09, 20 teams have been playing for promotion to the 2. Bundesliga. The first two teams are promoted directly, the third in the table has to play for promotion in two playoffs in the relegation against the third from the bottom of the 2. Bundesliga. The three (from the 2018–19 season four) last-placed teams will be relegated to the fourth-class Regionalliga and will be replaced by four (until 2018–19 three) promoted teams from the Regionalligas. The four best teams in the league qualify for the DFB-Pokal.
The teams which are not reserve teams of Bundesliga teams among the 20 teams in the league compete for promotion to the 2. Bundesliga, while the four bottom teams are relegated to one of the five Regionalligen: Regionalliga Nord, Regionalliga Nordost, Regionalliga West, Regionalliga Südwest, and Regionalliga Bayern. Until 2018, three were relegated. If, however, a reserve team is playing in the 3. Liga and the respective first team is relegated to the 3. Liga, the reserve team will be demoted to the fifth-level Oberliga regardless of its league position, because reserve teams of 3. Liga clubs are ineligible to play in the Regionalliga.
Qualifying for the 3. Liga
At the end of the 2007–08 season, the two best non-reserve teams from each of the two divisions of the Regionalliga were promoted to the 2. Bundesliga. The teams ranked third to tenth in both Regionalliga entered the new 3. Liga, joining the four teams relegated from the 2. Bundesliga to form the new 20-team league. Teams finishing 11th or lower in their Regionalliga remained where they were.
On 18 May 2008, at the end of the 2007–08 2. Bundesliga season, four clubs were relegated from the 2. Bundesliga and became charter members of the 3. Liga: Kickers Offenbach, Erzgebirge Aue, SC Paderborn and FC Carl Zeiss Jena.
On 31 May 2008, at the end of the 2007–08 Regionalliga seasons, clubs placing third through tenth in the Regionalliga Nord and the Regionalliga Süd also qualified for the new 3. Liga.
U23 Regulation
The teams of the 3. Liga are obliged to list at least 4 players in the match report sheet (game day squad) for each game who are eligible to play for a DFB selection team and who are not older than 23 years for the entire season (1 July to 30 June), i.e. were born on or after 1 July 1998 (U23 players) for the 2021–22 season.
Eligibility to play in the second teams of licensed clubs (Bundesliga and 2. Bundesliga) is based on the regulation that applies from the Regionalliga downwards. According to this, only U23 players (see above) may be used, with 3 older players being allowed to be in the game at the same time.
From the Regionalliga Nord:
Fortuna Düsseldorf
Union Berlin
Werder Bremen II
Borussia Wuppertal
Rot-Weiß Erfurt
Dynamo Dresden
Kickers Emden
Eintracht Braunschweig
From the Regionalliga Süd:
VfB Stuttgart II
VfR Aalen
SV Sandhausen
SpVgg Unterhaching
Wacker Burghausen
Bayern Munich II
Jahn Regensburg
Stuttgarter Kickers
Promotion and relegation
The winner and runner-up in a given season are automatically promoted to the 2. Bundesliga. The third place team enters a home/away playoff against the 16th placed team of the 2. Bundesliga for the right to enter/stay in the 2. Bundesliga. Teams placing in the bottom four (three prior to 2019) are automatically sent to the Regionalliga.
Bold denotes team earned promotion.
Economy
With an annual turnover of €186 million (as of 2017–18), the 3. Liga was ahead of the Deutsche Eishockey Liga, the Handball-Bundesliga and Basketball Bundesliga (see: List of professional sports leagues by revenue).
License terms
In addition to sporting qualifications, the clubs concerned must also meet the economic and technical- organizational requirements that are mandatory by the DFB Presidium. These include that the capacity the stadiums in the 3. Liga must be more than 10,000 seats (of which 2000 seats); in turn, at least one third of these spaces must be covered. A stadium capacity of 5000 seats is sufficient for second teams. The coaches must have completed the football teacher training.
In particular, the conditions relating to the arcade infrastructure repeatedly prompt potential climbers from the subordinate regional leagues not to submit any licensing documents; for example SV Rödinghausen or Berliner AK 07, both of which play in stadiums that are clearly too small. On the other hand, cases such as that of KFC Uerdingen 05, 1. FC Saarbrücken or Türkgücü München show that even a temporary game operation in alternative venues is just as problematic as the search for one.
Broadcast rights
The media rights contract with SportA, the sports rights agency of the German public broadcasters ARD and ZDF, ran until the end of the 2017–18 season. Under this contract, the ARD and its third programs broadcast at least 100, a maximum of 120 games as well as the promotion games to the 3. Liga live. The third programs broadcast further games via live stream on the internet. This reached an average of around four million viewers. in addition, the ARD Sportschau showed summaries of selected games on Saturday from 6 pm to 6:30 pm.
Since the start of the 2017–18 season, Deutsche Telekom has been broadcasting all games for customers and subscribers as internet live streams. From the 2018–19 season to the 2020–21 season, a new contract came into force, with which SportA and Telekom jointly held the media rights to the 3. Liga. The ARD and its state broadcasters will then show 86 games from the 3. Liga as well as the promotion games to the 3. Liga live.
The clubs in the 3. Liga have each received well over a million euros for television rights since the 2018–19 season, around 40 percent more than before. When the 3. Liga was introduced, the clubs received a total of €10 million. Since the 2009–10 season, the annual payout has been €12,8 million. The second teams of the professional clubs do not participate in the television money.
Approximately 1–2 matches per week are broadcast with English commentary on the German Football Association YouTube channel.
Spectators
The number of spectators in the 3. Liga varies greatly. Big city traditional clubs like Dynamo Dresden, 1. FC Kaiserslautern, 1. FC Magdeburg, FC Hansa Rostock, MSV Duisburg, Arminia Bielefeld, Karlsruher SC, Alemannia Aachen, Eintracht Braunschweig, TSV 1860 Munich and Fortuna Düsseldorf, but also the ambitious newcomer RB Leipzig often had an average attendance of well over 10,000 viewers per game. Dynamo Dresden achieved the highest amount with an average of 27,500 spectators in the 2015–16 season. For the 2. Bundesliga teams, the average attendance is often less than 1,500 spectators per game. Werder Bremen II had the lowest value in the 2011–12 season with an average of 626. In the 2018–19 season, more than 3 million spectators were registered for the first time with an average of over 8,000, and six clubs achieved a five-digit average attendance.
Overall the 3. Liga has audience numbers that are comparable to the second soccer leagues in Italy (Serie B), France (Ligue 2) and Spain (Segunda División). Only the third-rate English football league One has similarly high or higher attendance numbers.
(1) Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, spectators were no longer allowed in the stadiums from the 28th matchday onwards, which resulted in reduced attendances. In addition, the values are based on data from the DFB.
(2) Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, spectators were not allowed in the stadiums for the majority of the season.
(3) Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, not all spectators were not allowed in the stadiums for the first half of the season.
Economic situation of the clubs
Since its first season, the 3. Liga has had a higher turnover than the first-class German Leagues in all other sports. For a number of clubs their participation in the 3. Liga ended with major financial problems. In 2009, the Stuttgarter Kickers got down after the DFB had imposed a three-point deduction for a loan that was not repaid on time. In addition, Kickers Emden had to withdraw its application for a license for the 3. Liga for economic reasons. In 2010–11, the opening of insolvency proceeding resulted in the forced regulation of Rot Weiss Ahlen. In the same season, TuS Koblenz waived their right to start the following third division season due to financial bottlenecks. In 2013, after the opening of insolvency proceedings, Alemannia Aachen was determined to be relegated early on and Kickers Offenbach's third division license was revoked. In 2016–17, VfR Aalen and FSV Frankfurt. In March 2018, FC Rot-Weiß Erfurt filed for bankruptcy, followed by Chemnitzer FC in April. Both clubs were relegated after deducting ten or nine points. Several other clubs are constantly threatened with bankruptcy.
At a press conference in mid-October 2019, the DFB published the balance sheet report for the 2018–19 season. A record turnover of €185 million was offset by an average loss of €1.5 million, which meant a new negative record. It was also the ninth of eleven years in which the clubs showed a total deficit, while seven clubs were still able to generate a profit. One of the main drivers of this situation, according to the report, was increased spending on human resources, particularly on player transfers and salaries. The average earnings of a 3. Liga player for 2018–19 was given as around €7,000 per month. In addition, the number of spectators in the stadiums continued to rise, but in return it fell significantly on television.
Financial fair play and the promotion of young talent
In order to counteract the problem, the DFB decided in September 2018 to introduce so-called financial fair play in the 3. Liga as well as a youth development fund to improve the economic situation of the clubs and strengthen their talent development. A total of around €3.5 million is to be distributed to the clubs. Up to €550,000 is to be distributed equally among clubs with a "positive seasonal result" and clubs that "have achieved or even exceeded their target season goal". A further €2.95 million is to flow into the youth development of the participants, whereby the use of U21 players with German nationality should have a positive effect on the distribution rate per club.
The pots are distributed in September at the end of a season. With the first distribution, Hansa Rostock received the highest amount for the top position in the categories "positive annual result" and "planned quiality" after a record turnover of €19 million in the 2018–19 season.
League statistics
Up to and including the 2021–22 season the top goal scorers, attendance statistics and records for the league are:
Attendance
Top scorers
Records
As of 22 May 2021
Placings in the 3. Liga
The following clubs have played in the league and achieved the following final positions:
Notes
1 Kickers Offenbach were refused a 3. Liga licence at the end of the 2012–13 season and relegated to the Regionalliga. SV Darmstadt 98, placed 18th originally, were instead placed in 17th position and were not relegated.
2 TSV 1860 Munich were unable to obtain a 3. Liga licence at the end of the 2016–17 season and relegated to the Regionalliga. SC Paderborn 07, placed 18th originally and who submitted a 3. Liga licence application, remained in the league for the 2017–18 season.
3 TuS Koblenz withdrew from the league after the 2011–12 season; Bremen II, placed 18th originally, were instead placed in 17th position and were not relegated.
4 RW Ahlen did not receive a licence for the 2011–12 season, originally finishing 17th after 2010–11. The club was placed in 20th position and relegated. Burghausen, placed 18th originally, were instead placed in 17th position and were not relegated. Ahlen did not request a licence in the Regionalliga and started the new season in the Oberliga.
5 Kickers Emden withdrew from the league after the 2008–09 season; Burghausen, placed 18th originally, were instead placed in 17th position and were not relegated. Emden became insolvent in 2012.
Promotion rounds
To the 2. Bundesliga
At the end of the regular season the third placed team in the 3. Liga play the 16th placed team in the 2. Bundesliga over two matches. The overall winner plays in the 2. Bundesliga in the following season, and the loser in the 3. Liga.
2008–09
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2009–10
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2010–11
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2011–12
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2012–13
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2013–14
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2014–15
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2015–16
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2016–17
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2017–18
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2018–19
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2019–20
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2020–21
2021–22
To the 3. Liga
From the 2012–13 to 2017–18 seasons, the champions of the five Regionalligas and the runners-up of the Regionalliga Südwest entered an end-of-the season play-off to determine the three teams promoted to the 3. Liga. From the 2018–19 season, three out of those five champions take direct promotion, leaving the remaining two to contest the play-off for the fourth promotion.
Key
Winner in bold.
Notes
References
External links
Deutscher Fußball-Bund (DFB)
kicker.de
3. Liga at Weltfussball.de
German 3.Liga (www.3-liga.com)
3. Liga at Soccerway.com
League321.com – German football league tables, records & statistics database
3
2008 establishments in Germany
3
Germany
Professional sports leagues in Germany |
23573174 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vla%C4%8Dice | Vlačice | Vlačice is a municipality and village in Kutná Hora District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 300 inhabitants.
Administrative parts
The village of Výčapy is an administrative part of Vlačice.
References
Villages in Kutná Hora District |
23573176 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vlast%C4%9Bjovice | Vlastějovice | Vlastějovice is a municipality and village in Kutná Hora District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 500 inhabitants.
Administrative parts
Villages and hamlets of Březina, Budčice, Kounice, Milošovice, Pavlovice, Skala and Volavá Lhota are administrative parts of Vlastějovice.
References
Villages in Kutná Hora District |
23573178 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vlkane%C4%8D | Vlkaneč | Vlkaneč is a municipality and village in Kutná Hora District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 600 inhabitants.
Administrative parts
Villages of Kozohlody and Přibyslavice are administrative parts of Vlkaneč.
Transport
In Vlkaneč, there is a train station on the main railroad line Kolín – Havlíčkův Brod.
References
Villages in Kutná Hora District |
23573182 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vodranty | Vodranty | Vodranty is a municipality and village in Kutná Hora District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 90 inhabitants.
History
The first written mention of Vodranty is from 1738.
References
Villages in Kutná Hora District |
23573183 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akhon%20Samoy | Akhon Samoy | Akhon Samoy () is a Bengali-language newspaper published from New York, United States since 2000.
History
The newspaper was founded on 1 January 2000, commemorating the 3rd millennium. Initially it was a monthly newspaper and then it was published in weekly basis from November 2000.
Kazi Shamsul Hoque is the founding editor of the newspaper.
Speciality and awards
Akhon Samoy worked for the expatriate Bangladeshi living in United States, especially, social issues, immigration issues and other community news are published objectively.
See also
List of New York City newspapers and magazines
List of newspapers in New York
References
External links
2000 establishments in New York City
Newspapers established in 2000
Bengali-language newspapers
Non-English-language newspapers published in the United States
Newspapers published in New York City
Non-English-language newspapers published in New York (state)
Bangladeshi-American culture
Indian-American culture in New York City |
23573184 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vrdy | Vrdy | Vrdy is a municipality and village in Kutná Hora District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 3,000 inhabitants.
Administrative parts
Villages of Dolní Bučice, Horní Bučice and Zbyslav are administrative parts of Vrdy.
Notable people
Karel Petr (1868–1950), mathematician
Jiří Hanke (1924–2006), football player and manager
References
Villages in Kutná Hora District |
23573185 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanhopea%20warszewicziana | Stanhopea warszewicziana | Stanhopea warszewicziana is a species of orchid found from Costa Rica to western Panama.
References
External links
warszewicziana
Orchids of Costa Rica
Orchids of Panama
Taxa named by Johann Friedrich Klotzsch |
23573186 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z%C3%A1bo%C5%99%C3%AD%20nad%20Labem | Záboří nad Labem | Záboří nad Labem is a municipality and village in Kutná Hora District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 800 inhabitants.
Administrative parts
The village of Habrkovice is an administrative part of Záboří nad Labem.
References
Villages in Kutná Hora District |
23573190 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zbizuby | Zbizuby | Zbizuby is a municipality and village in Kutná Hora District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 500 inhabitants.
Administrative parts
Villages and hamlets of Hroznice, Koblasko, Makolusky, Nechyba, Vestec, Vlková and Vranice are administrative parts of Zbizuby.
References
Villages in Kutná Hora District |
23573191 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zbraslavice | Zbraslavice | Zbraslavice () is a municipality and village in Kutná Hora District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 1,400 inhabitants.
Administrative parts
Villages of Borová, Chotěměřice t. Pančava, Hodkov, Kateřinky, Krasoňovice, Lipina, Malá Skalice, Ostrov, Radvančice, Rápošov, Útěšenovice and Velká Skalice are administrative parts of Zbraslavice.
Gallery
References
Villages in Kutná Hora District |
23573194 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zb%C3%BD%C5%A1ov | Zbýšov | Zbýšov is a town in Brno-Country District in the South Moravian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 3,700 inhabitants.
Geography
Zbýšov is located about west of Brno. It lies on the border between the Křižanov Highlands and the Boskovice Furrow.
History
The first written mention of Zbýšov is from 1280.
Notable people
Ivan Honl (1866–1936), bacteriologist and serologist
References
External links
Populated places in Brno-Country District
Cities and towns in the Czech Republic |
23573197 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BD%C3%A1ky | Žáky | Žáky () is a municipality and village in Kutná Hora District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 400 inhabitants.
Administrative parts
The village of Štrampouch is an administrative part of Žáky.
Notable people
Alexander Dreyschock (1818–1869), pianist and composer
References
Villages in Kutná Hora District |
17330576 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1534%20N%C3%A4si | 1534 Näsi | 1534 Näsi, provisional designation , is a carbonaceous asteroid from the middle region of the asteroid belt, approximately 20 kilometers in diameter.
It was discovered on 20 January 1939, by Finnish astronomer Yrjö Väisälä at Turku Observatory in Southwest Finland, and later named for the Finnish lake Näsijärvi.
Orbit and classification
Näsi orbits the Sun in the central main-belt at a distance of 2.0–3.4 AU once every 4 years and 6 months (1,646 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.25 and an inclination of 10° with respect to the ecliptic. It was first identified as at Simeiz Observatory in 1915. The body's observation arc begins 15 years prior to its official discovery with its identification as at Heidelberg Observatory.
Physical characteristics
Lightcurve observations
In April 2007, the so-far best rated rotational lightcurve of Näsi was obtained by Jason Sauppe at Oakley Observatory in the United States. The lightcurve analysis gave a rotation period of 7.94 hours with a brightness variation of 0.35 magnitude ().
Periods from other photometric observations were obtained by astronomers René Roy in May 2016 (5.98 hours, Δ0.47 mag, ), Giovanni de Sanctis in the 1990s (9.75 hours, Δ0.22 mag, ), Adrián Galád in October 2005 (7.9338 hours, Δ0.51 mag, ), and a period of 7.93161 hours modeled from various data sources and published in 2016 ().
Spectral type, diameter and albedo
In the SMASS taxonomy, the carbonaceous C-type asteroid is also classified as a Cgh-subtype. According to the surveys carried out by the Infrared Astronomical Satellite IRAS, the Japanese Akari satellite, and NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer with its subsequent NEOWISE mission, Näsi measures between 18.32 and 27.52 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo between 0.035 and 0.100. The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link derives an albedo of 0.0721 and a diameter of 22.11 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 11.75.
Naming
This minor planet is named for the large Finnish lake Näsijärvi, sometimes called "Näsi". It measures 256 square kilometers (99 sq mi) in size and is located only 95 metres above sea level. The official was published by the Minor Planet Center on 20 February 1976 ().
References
External links
Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB), query form (info )
Dictionary of Minor Planet Names, Google books
Asteroids and comets rotation curves, CdR – Observatoire de Genève, Raoul Behrend
Discovery Circumstances: Numbered Minor Planets (1)-(5000) – Minor Planet Center
001534
Discoveries by Yrjö Väisälä
Named minor planets
001534
19390120 |
23573204 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%ADl%C3%A9%20Podol%C3%AD | Bílé Podolí | Bílé Podolí is a market town in Kutná Hora District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 600 inhabitants.
Administrative parts
Villages of Lovčice and Zaříčany are administrative parts of Bílé Podolí.
References
Populated places in Kutná Hora District
Market towns in the Czech Republic |
20467185 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBT%20representations%20in%20hip%20hop%20music | LGBT representations in hip hop music | LGBT representations in hip hop music have existed since the birth of the genre despite blatant discrimination. Hip hop has long been portrayed as one of the least LGBT-friendly genres of music, with a significant body of the genre containing homophobic views and anti-gay lyrics, with mainstream artists such as Eminem and Tyler, the Creator having used homophobia in their lyrics. Attitudes towards homosexuality in hip hop culture have historically been negative. Slang that uses homosexuality as a punchline such as "sus", "no homo", and "pause" can be heard in hip hop lyrics from some of the industry's biggest artists. However, since the early 2000s there has been a flourishing community of LGBTQ+ hip hop artists, activists, and performers breaking barriers in the mainstream music industry.
Labels such as homo hop or queer hip hop group all artists identifying as members of the LGBTQ+ community into a subgenre of hip hop based solely on their sexuality. These subgenre labels are not marked by any specific production style, as artists within it may simultaneously be associated with virtually any other subgenre of hip hop, or may also make music that falls outside the subgenre entirely. Rather, the terms are defined by a direct engagement with LGBT culture in elements such as the lyrical themes or the artist's visual identity and presentation.
Artists who have been labelled as part of the genre have, however, varied in their acceptance of the terminology. Some have supported the identification of a distinct phenomenon of "LGBTQ+ hip hop" as an important tool for promoting LGBTQ+ visibility in popular music, while others have criticized it for trivializing their music as a "niche" interest that circumscribed their appeal to mainstream music fans.
Many artists have contributed to the increased visibility and social acceptance of the LGBTQ+ community's presence in hip hop music, most notably Frank Ocean, who penned an open letter addressing his sexuality in 2012. There has also been an increased presence of LGBTQ+ supporters in the mainstream hip hop community, such as Jay-Z, Murs, Kanye West, XXXTentacion, Jack Harlow, Kendrick Lamar, Macklemore, and Ryan Lewis.
History
Origins (1970s)
Hip-hop was developed in the late 1970s following the popularity of disco. Disco music, which contains origins within Black American culture, had an impact on hip-hop from samples to early hip-hop fashion. The disco scene which was derived from disco music was known for its vibrant nightlife that was considered a haven for those in the LGBTQ+ community, particularly LGBTQ+ youth of color.
Despite these origins, early hip-hop artists expressed anti-LGBTQ+ sentiments and epithets common of the time in their music. Sugarhill Gang's 1979 song "Rapper's Delight", the first hip hop record to become a top 40 hit, referred to fictional character Superman as a "fairy" for wearing a skin-tight garment.
1980s-1990s
In 1986, the hip hop trio Beastie Boys originally wanted to name their debut album Don't Be A Faggot, but their record label Columbia Records refused to release it under that title, so it changed the title to Licensed to Ill. Years later, the Beastie Boys formally apologized to the LGBT community for the "shitty and ignorant" things they said on their first record.
During what was considered third-wave feminism, there was an infusion of Black feminist thought into hip-hop by way of Black women in the genre who emphasized issues of race, gender, and sexuality. This included Black LGBTQ+ musicians like Meshell Ndegeocello whose 1993 album Plantation Lullabies is considered an example of the evolving attitudes and politics of the hip hop generation, specifically from younger Black feminists. According to Andreana Clay, "Ndegeocello's lyrics are a product of early Black feminism, radical lesbian feminism, and hip-hop feminism."
In her music, Ndegocello has addressed sexuality and Blackness as a Black bisexual woman, garnering a following from LGBTQ+ feminists of color. Her musical content and appearance also drew criticism from certain listeners and radio stations who refused to play her music. The ideas of Black queer and lesbian feminism influenced hip hop during a moment when politics surrounding sexuality, gender, and race were shifting.
Although more radical queer politics were influencing more mainstream areas of music and society, discrimination remained and LGBTQ+ artists continued to face marginalization and barriers in airtime and commercial success.
2000s-present
Kanye West denounced homophobia in hip hop in an August 2005 interview with Sway Calloway for MTV News. He discussed how his environment led him to be homophobic, and how finding out his cousin was gay changed his perspective. This statement was radical at the time; it was the first major statement against homophobia in hip hop by a popular artist.
Further advancements in acceptance of LGBT in hip hop have begun to take place through the mid-2010s and the 2020s. In 2014, rap duo Macklemore and Ryan Lewis joined the United Nations Free & Equal campaign, which aims to advantage equal rights for LGBT people around the world.
In 2017, rapper XXXTentacion spoke out during his concert tour against discrimination towards gay people by hate groups, and was praised as a supporter of transgender rights by multiple transgender artists.
In 2018, rapper Eminem made headlines when he apologized for the first time in his career for previously using homophobic slurs, saying that he now realized "[he] was hurting a lot of other people by saying it." Specifically, Eminem said he regretted calling rapper Tyler, the Creator a "faggot" in his diss track, "Fall".
In 2022, rapper Kendrick Lamar received mixed reactions after he released his song "Auntie Diaries", with some praising the track for being pro-transgender.
Homo hop
The homo hop movement first emerged in the 1990s as an underground movement spearheaded by the hip-hop group Rainbow Flava, particularly in California, in part as a reaction to the widespread acceptance of homophobia in the lyrics of mainstream hip hop performers such as Eminem. Lyrics in songs such as "Criminal" on The Marshall Mathers LP demonstrate this homophobia. Initially coined by Tim'm T. West of Deep Dickollective, the term "homo hop" was not meant to signify a distinct genre of music, but simply to serve as a community building tool and promotional hook for LGBTQ+ artists. According to West:
West's bandmate Juba Kalamka offered a similar assessment:
In a 2001 interview with SFGate.com, West elaborated on the movement's goals:
The genre received a mainstream publicity boost in 2002 and 2003 when Caushun was widely reported as the first openly LGBTQ+ rapper to be signed to a major label, although Caushun was later revealed to have been a publicity stunt engineered by heterosexual musician Ivan Matias.
Notable events in the 2000s included the PeaceOUT World Homo Hop Festival, which was founded in 2001 and mounted annually until 2008, and the 2006 documentary film Pick Up the Mic. However, some music critics in this era dismissed the genre as too often sacrificing musical quality in favour of a "didactic" political agenda.
The most commercially successful LGBTQ+ rapper in the 2000s was Cazwell, who emerged as a popular artist in gay dance clubs, and has scored at least six top 40 hits on Billboard'''s Hot Dance Club Songs chart, with a hybrid pop-rap style which he has described as "if Biggie Smalls ate Donna Summer for breakfast". Cazwell described his philosophy of music as "create your own space, your own music and have people come to you," and has noted in interviews that he achieved much greater success by "breaking" the rules of the hip hop industry than he ever did in his earlier attempts to pursue mainstream success with the 1990s hip hop duo Morplay.
One of the first mainstream artists to speak out publicly against anti-gay discrimination in hip hop was Kanye West in a 2004 interview with Sway Calloway on MTV News. In the interview Kanye says, "Hip-hop does discriminate against gay people. I want to just come on TV and tell my rappers, my friends, just stop it, fam. Seriously, that's really discrimination". Kanye criticized the hip-hop community, saying, "Hip-hop seemed like it was about fighting for your rights in the beginning, about speaking your mind, and breaking down barriers or whatever, but everybody in hip-hop discriminates against gay people. To me, that's one of the standards in hip-hop is to be like, 'You fag, you gay'".
Criticism
Some artists have criticized the queer hip hop genre as an arbitrary label that can potentially limit an artist's audience and may not actually correspond to their artistic goals or career aspirations. In 2013, Brooke Candy told The Guardian:
One unspecified artist declined to be interviewed for the Guardian feature at all, stating that he preferred to be known as a rapper rather than as a "gay rapper". Eric Shorey, author of "Queer Rap is Not Queer Rap", contests "queer rap" labeling, arguing that "comparisons between gay and straight rap (as if they were two distinct genres) simply doesn't make sense without implied bigotry". Shorey insists that listeners ignore these sexuality-based hip hop classifications and listen more closely to the quality of music being produced. He also suggests that queer artists should be booked alongside straight artists, showing that they are equally talented, and deserve the same amount of recognition. Other artists, on the other hand, don't mind these classifications. British rapper RoxXxan told the Guardian that "I want to be perceived as 'RoxXxan,' but if people label me as 'gay rapper RoxXxan' I'm not offended." Nicky Da B told Austinist that "Basically, I perform for a LGBTQ+ crowd but also for everyone. A lot of the bounce rappers that are rapping and touring at the moment are all gay. The LGBTQ+ community just capitalizes on that I guess, from us being gay, and they support us on it, so that's how it goes I guess."
Commercialization
Another criticism arises from the perceived commercialization of LGBTQ+ representation by hip hop artists. A good example of this is with Nicki Minaj and her approach to presenting sexuality and sexual orientation. She often presents queerness in her music videos and lyrics. This approach has been analyzed by critics of Nicki as "strategic queerness". Fly Young Red went viral on YouTube for his song "Throw That Boy Pussy" in 2014. Other artists, such as Azealia Banks, Angel Haze, and Young M.A. have openly discussed their sexuality in their lyrics and expression of style.
Negative representation of women and homosexuality
Gender and sexual diversity among hip hop artists have existed since the genre's earliest days, yet it has historically and predominantly been perceived as the epitomized expression of Black straight male masculinity and culture, which are usually externalized as the degradation of women and homosexuality within the music and personified as a lifestyle outside the music. In his 2006 documentary Hip-Hop: Beyond Beats and Rhymes, Byron Hurt explores the nuanced relationships between hip-hop, masculinity, misogyny, and homophobia. In the documentary Hurt travels around the country and interviews rap and hip hop artists, academics, and fans about their perceptions on these issues in the culture. After conducting dozens of interviews, Hurt sees a continued pattern of homophobia, the objectification of women, and the domination of other men, all linked as the means through which one asserts their masculinity over another.
Lauron J. Kehrer writes extensively on the prevalence and issues of misogyny/misogynoir and homophobia/lesbophobia faced by queer women hip hop artists in Queer Voices in Hip Hop: Cultures, Communities, and Contemporary Performance. The construction of this specific masculinity in hip-hop has made it difficult for artists who don't fit the stereotypical image of a hyper-masculine straight male to succeed. Some scholars have attempted to categorize different types of female hip-hop artists as a means of increasing their representation within the genre, such as Cheryl L. Keyes' formulation of the "Queen Mother", "Fly Girl", "Sista with Attitude" and "Lesbian" rapper archetypes in Empowering Self, Making Choices, Creating Spaces: Black Female Identity via Rap Music Performance. Some successful female artists, such as Nicki Minaj, have attempted to make space within the male-dominated genre by aligning themselves with stereotypical Black, hypermasculine hip hop traits in their music and performance. Another female artist, Jean Grae, subverts the Black straight hypermasculine male status quo by utilizing the language and lyrical presentation of male artists in the industry, as Shante Paradigm Smalls discusses in The Rain Comes Down: Jean Grae and Hip Hop Heteronormativity. In Getting Freak with Missy: Missy Elliot, Queer Hip Hop, and the Musical Aesthetics of Impropriety, Elliott H. Powell discusses in detail the approach some female artists, such as Missy Elliott, take in hypersexualizing themselves and engaging in 'impropriety' to make space in the genre by centering herself and her sexuality over that of the male subject.
However, Kehrer points out that all of the above examples "challenge but [do] not necessarily disrupt the status quo" of the Black, hypermasculine straight male within hip hop, unlike Black queer masculine female artists. The specific brand of female masculinity which these female artists embody is neither temporarily clad for performance nor is it undermined by heterosexuality or a traditional femininity. The categorization of female artists along the lines of Keyes' conceptualization, and the fact that Black queer masculine female artists disrupt the status quo in hip hop in the way Kehrer describes, both contribute to the hypervisibility/invisibility paradox that such artists face in the genre. In his book Female Masculinity, Jack Halberstam writes that "widespread indifference to female masculinity...has clearly ideological motivations and has sustained the complex social structures that wed masculinity to maleness and to power and domination." Young M.A. is a prominent queer masculine rapper who exemplifies this dichotomy. As someone who embodies a natural female masculinity within the genre, her masculinity fits directly with the style of hip hop such that she doesn't need to fit herself onto it like feminine or heterosexual female artists must. Because this female masculinity threatens the predominant Black straight male hypermasculinity prevalent in hip hop, M.A. is often the target of harassment and abuse by male artists who attempt to undermine her legitimacy as a hip hop artist by sexualizing and objectifying her in the traditional ways feminine and heterosexual women often are. To combat this dismissal of her sexuality (i.e., an attempt to make her queer identity invisible), as well as the paradoxical but simultaneous hypervisibility she receives as a queer masculine woman rapper that elicits this abuse in the first place, she distances herself from the labels "lesbian rapper" and "woman rapper." She thereby carves out a space within the industry for her to exist and succeed as a queer masculine woman rapper without succumbing to expectations that she performs within the restrictive category of homo hop, nor is she compelled to perform in the same way her feminine and heterosexual counterparts are expected to in order to be taken seriously as authentic hip hop artists. As Kehrer writes: "The very delicate balance she achieves allows her queer identity to be seen while making it difficult for anyone to demand that she performs queerness on anyone else's terms but her own."
Syd, another queer masculine hip hop artist, has received significant backlash from the LGBT community for her refusal to identify with the term "lesbian". In an interview for The Guardian, she explains, "I don't feel like a part of the gay community. Like, I don't consider myself a lesbian." She has also been criticized for her music video, "Cocaine," which is a cautionary commentary on the dangers of drug use, but which has been accused of depicting an abusive same-sex relationship between two women. Some scholars argue that the criticisms Syd has experienced is a result of the unique tension between the cultural significance of the genre in Black culture and the homophobia which pervades the genre. This tension is exemplified by an example in Hurt's documentary, in which rapper Busta Rhymes walks out of his interview when he is asked a question about homophobia in the rap community, saying, "What I represent culturally doesn't condone [homosexuality] whatsoever."
Song lyrics
Ice-T stated on his autobiography that record-label executive Seymour Stein took exception to a line in his song "409": "Guys grab a girl, girls grab a guy / If a guy wants a guy, please take it outside". Ice-T later became one of the first rappers to condemn homophobia on raps such as Straight Up Nigga and The Tower in his album O.G. Original Gangster (1991).
Many songs by rapper Eminem have been considered homophobic for his frequent use of anti-gay slurs, especially the song "Criminal" from his third album The Marshall Mathers LP (2000), which contains lines like: "My words are like a dagger with a jagged edge, That'll stab you in the head, whether you're a fag or les', Or a homosex, hermaph or a trans-a-vest, Pants or dress, hate fags? The answer's 'yes'". In an interview with Anderson Cooper on 60 Minutes, Eminem denied being homophobic and explained the frequent use of the term "faggot" in his lyrics, that this word was "thrown around constantly" in battle rap, and that he does not use it to refer to gay people.The Marshall Mathers LP was nominated for Album of the Year at the Grammy Awards 2001, which led to protests due to the album's controversial content. At the show, Eminem performed "Stan" with openly gay musician Elton John in response. Eminem experienced more backlash in 2018, after he released his surprise album Kamikaze. On December 11, 2017, rapper Tyler, The Creator tweeted "dear god this song is horrible sheesh how the fuck", which fans quickly realized was directed at Eminem's new single at the time, "Walk On Water". On the track "Fall" from Kamikaze, Eminem responded to Tyler, The Creator's criticisms, where he raps "Tyler create nothin', I see why you call yourself a faggot, bitch / It's not because you lack attention, it's because you worship D12's balls, you're sacreligeous".
This is most likely in relation to Tyler's sexuality being a major spectacle within his fanbase, with a lot of his lyrics hinting at homosexuality. Before the album was released, however, the slur was censored. Eminem joined Sway Calloway in a series of interviews after Kamikaze's release, where he explained that he regretted using the slur against Tyler. "In my quest to hurt him, I realized that I was hurting a lot of other people by saying it. At the time, I was so mad, it was just whatever...", "...it was one of the things I kept going back to, going 'I don't feel right with this.'" Justin Vernon, who provided the chorus for "Fall", publicly condemned Eminem's language on the song, tweeting "Was not in the studio for the Eminem track... came from a session with BJ Burton and Mike Will. Not a fan of the message, it's tired. Asked them to change the track, wouldn't do it...".
In 2020, Eminem released his album Music To Be Murdered By, in which he collaborated on a song with openly queer New York rapper Young M.A. In 2010, while being interviewed by Anderson Cooper for 60 Minutes, Eminem was challenged about his homophobic lyrics, to which he said: "The scene that I came up in, that word was thrown around so much. You know? 'Faggot', it was thrown around constantly to each other, like, in battling." When Anderson Cooper asked Eminem if he 'didn't like gay people', Eminem replied: "I don't have any problem with nobody [sic]."
In 2020, rappers Insane Clown Posse denounced past use of homophobic slurs in their lyrics, saying that their producer Mike E. Clark is gay, and that "We wanted to be like gangsta rap, and gangsta rap said it all the time" but "There was never a time when we had a problem with gay people."
In the lyrics of one song on rapper Trick-Trick's 2008 album The Villain, he refers to Ellen DeGeneres and Rosie O'Donnell as "dyke bitches" and says that he will send a "scud missile right through their fucking cruise ship". Trick-Trick expressed his dislike towards homosexuals in an interview with music site AllHipHop: "Faggots hate me and I don't give a fuck. I don't want your faggot money any goddam way."
The phrase "No Homo" is often used in today's hip hop lyrics and Black culture. It means "no gay things" or "nothing gay". One example of the term's usage is in the Jay-Z song, "Run This Town". Kanye West, one of the featured artists on the song, stated, "It's crazy how you can go from being Joe Blow / to everybody on your dick...no homo."
Evolution
By the early 2010s, a new wave of openly LGBTQ+ hip hop musicians began to emerge, spurred in part by the increased visibility and social acceptance of LGBTQ+ people, the coming out of mainstream hip hop stars such as Azealia Banks and Frank Ocean, and the release of LGBT-positive songs by heterosexual artists such as Murs, Macklemore, and Ryan Lewis.
Although inspired and empowered by the homo hop movement, this newer generation of artists garnered more mainstream media coverage and were able to make greater use of social media tools to build their audience, and thus did not need to rely on the old homo hop model of community building. Many of these artists were also strongly influenced by the LGBTQ+ African American ball culture, an influence not widely seen in the first wave of homo hop, and many began as performance art projects and incorporated the use of drag. Accordingly, many of the newer artists were identified in media coverage with the newer "queer hip hop" label instead of "homo hop".
In 2008, Jipsta released the single "Middle of the Dancefloor" which spent a total of 14 weeks (peaking at #6 for two consecutive weeks) on the Billboard Dance Club Play chart. This achievement was noteworthy for LGBTQ+ hip-hop as it marked the first time an openly gay White rapper earned a Top 10 single on the Billboard Club Play chart. The following year, Jipsta released a cover of the George Michael song "I Want Your Sex", which rose to the #4 position on the Billboard Dance Club Play chart in only 4 weeks time, resulting in the first Top 5 Billboard charting record by an LGBTQ+ hip-hop artist.
In March 2012, Carrie Battan of Pitchfork profiled Mykki Blanco, Le1f, Zebra Katz and House of Ladosha in an article titled "We Invented Swag: NYC Queer Rap" about "a group of NYC artists [who] are breaking down ideas of hip-hop identity".
In October 2012, Details profiled several LGBTQ+ hip hop artists "indelibly changing the face—and sound—of rap".
In March 2014, the online magazine Norient.com published a first overview of queer hip hop videos worldwide. The article talks about topics, aesthetics and challenges of LGBTQ+ hip hop in Angola, Argentina, Cuba, Germany, Israel, Serbia, South Africa and the USA."
Increasingly, focus on the development of Queer voices in the international hip-hop community has gained more precedent with articles published looking at how Queer rappers use the art-form as a type of therapy. A Winter 2016 article from Bulletin of the Council for Research in Music Education looked at how utilizing the art-form helped challenge traditional notions of hip hop and sexual identity.
In December 2016, Los Angeles-based rapper Thed Jewel, who raps "My skin is black, sexuality is Fuchsia" said: "There are a lot of rappers that are homosexuals and their day to be open with it will come one way or another".
In August 2018, openly gay member of Brockhampton, Kevin Abstract voiced his efforts to change hip hop's issue with homophobia in an interview with the BBC by stating: "I have to exist in a homophobic space in order to make change and that homophobic space would be the hip hop community. So me just existing and being myself is making change and making things easier for other young queer kids".
In June 2019, Lil Nas X, who performed the hit song "Old Town Road", took the opportunity to publicly come out during Pride Month, making him one of the most visible Black queer male singers to do so, especially in country or hip hop genres, which emphasize machismo and "historically snubbed queer artists". Black queer male artists in hip hop gaining mainstream acceptance are relatively new—preceding Nas X by less than a decade—including Frank Ocean (with his 2012 album Channel Orange''), Tyler, the Creator, ILoveMakonnen, Brockhampton frontman Kevin Abstract and Steve Lacy. Black queer female artists have been accepted more readily; while the underground queer hip hop movement goes back to the 1990s.
Notable artists
070 Shake
Abdu Ali
Angel Haze
Anye Elite
Backxwash
Azealia Banks
Bali Baby
BbyMutha
Big Dipper
Big Freedia
Big Momma
Brooke Candy
Cakes da Killa
Cazwell
Mike E. Clark
D. Smith
Deadlee
Deep Dickollective
D'Lo
Drebae
Drew Mason
Fly Young Red
Frank Ocean
God-Des and She
House of Ladosha
ILoveMakonnen
Jai'Rouge
Jay Dillinger (aka Marlon Williams)
Jesse Dangerously
Jipsta
Jonny Makeup
Jonny McGovern
Juba Kalamka
Katastrophe
Kae Tempest
Katey Red
Kaytranada
Kehlani
Kevin Abstract
K.Flay
Lady Sovereign
Le1f
Lil Darkie
Lil Nas X
Lil Peep
Lil Phag
Lucas Charlie Rose
Melange Lavonne
Mykki Blanco
Nicky da B
Oliver Twixt
ppcocaine
Princess Nokia
QBoy
Queen Pen
Rainbow Flava
Rainbow Noise
RoxXxan
Samantha Ronson
Saucy Santana
Saul Williams
Sissy Nobby
Sasha Sathya
Shorty Roc
Snow Tha Product
Soce, the elemental wizard
Solomon
Steve Lacy
Syd tha Kid
Taylor Bennett
Tim'm T. West
Titica
Tori Fixx
TT the Artist
Tyler, the Creator
Willow Smith
Will Sheridan
Yo Majesty
Young M.A.
Yves Tumor
Zebra Katz
See also
African-American culture and sexual orientation
Homophobia in ethnic minority communities
Misogyny in rap music
References
Criticism of hip-hop |
23573205 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%A1cov | Kácov | Kácov () is a market town in Kutná Hora District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 800 inhabitants. It lies on the Sázava River.
Administrative parts
Villages of Račíněves, Zderadinky, Zderadiny and Zliv are administrative parts of Kácov.
Sights
Kácov is known for the Kácov Castle. After a former keep from the 15th century was ruined in 1627, in 1635 it was rebuilt to a castle. In 1727–1733, it was rebuilt to the Baroque style.
References
Populated places in Kutná Hora District
Market towns in the Czech Republic |
17330578 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pipiwai | Pipiwai | Pipiwai () is a locality in the Te Horo valley in Northland, New Zealand. Whangārei is about 35 km to the southeast. Titoki is about 16 km to the south.
There are few jobs in the area, and most adults commute to Whangārei or Dargaville.
Demographics
Pipiwai is part of an SA1 statistical area which covers . The SA1 area is part of the larger Hūkerenui#Mangakahia-Hūkerenui statistical area.
The SA1 area had a population of 234 at the 2018 New Zealand census, an increase of 87 people (59.2%) since the 2013 census, and an increase of 51 people (27.9%) since the 2006 census. There were 75 households, comprising 117 males and 117 females, giving a sex ratio of 1.0 males per female. The median age was 35.2 years (compared with 37.4 years nationally), with 57 people (24.4%) aged under 15 years, 48 (20.5%) aged 15 to 29, 90 (38.5%) aged 30 to 64, and 39 (16.7%) aged 65 or older.
Ethnicities were 43.6% European/Pākehā, 75.6% Māori, 5.1% Pacific peoples, and 1.3% other ethnicities. People may identify with more than one ethnicity.
Although some people chose not to answer the census's question about religious affiliation, 35.9% had no religion, 46.2% were Christian, and 1.3% had Māori religious beliefs.
Of those at least 15 years old, 21 (11.9%) people had a bachelor's or higher degree, and 48 (27.1%) people had no formal qualifications. The median income was $20,000, compared with $31,800 nationally. 12 people (6.8%) earned over $70,000 compared to 17.2% nationally. The employment status of those at least 15 was that 66 (37.3%) people were employed full-time, 30 (16.9%) were part-time, and 12 (6.8%) were unemployed.
Marae
The local Tau Henare Marae and meeting house are a traditional meeting ground for the Ngāpuhi hapū of Te Orewai and Ngāti Hine. The Omauri marae grounds, located near Pipiwai, are a meeting place for the Ngāpuhi hapū of Ngā Uri o Puhatahi.
Education
Te Horo School is a coeducational full primary (years 1–8) school with a roll of students as of Te Horo Native School flourished at Pipiwai in the 1930s and 1940s.
Tau Henare Marae runs a kohanga reo.
Notable people
Taurekareka Henare, Reform Party politician
Lani Daniels, Boxing World title contender
Notes
Whangarei District
Populated places in the Northland Region |
23573210 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanhopea%20xytriophora | Stanhopea xytriophora | Stanhopea xytriophora is a species of orchid found from southern Peru to Bolivia.
References
External links
xytriophora
Orchids of Bolivia
Orchids of Peru |
17330598 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Will%20Atkinson%20%28musician%29 | Will Atkinson (musician) | Will Atkinson (31 January 1908 – 30 July 2003) was a noted traditional musician from northern Northumberland. He started off as a player of the English diatonic accordion, but was best known as a harmonica or moothie player. His playing was distinguished by a very clear sense of rhythm, with a definite lilt. He was a major figure in Northumbrian music. He was also the composer of several tunes that have entered the tradition and are played at gatherings and sessions.
Biography
Atkinson was born in Crookham, Northumberland in 1908. He worked as a shepherd and as a rabbit-catcher until his retirement, also working at times maintaining road signs.
From his youth, until the end of his long life, he was very active and influential in traditional music circles, on both sides of the Border. He had twin sons, of whom George, who died in 1987 aged 53, was also a musician, a noted Northumbrian piper. Will died on 30 July 2003.
Musical life
He came from a musical family - his maternal uncle Geordie Armstrong was, according to Will's cousin Willy Taylor, 'the best fiddler around'. After Will's father was killed in France in 1916, Will and his mother lived with Armstrong, her brother. The musical tradition continued in the family - Will's son George, who died before him, was widely respected as a player of the Northumbrian smallpipes.
In the 1930s he began playing melodeon for dances with Geordie Armstrong and Joe Davidson playing fiddles.
He was a founder member of the Alnwick Branch of the Northumbrian Pipers' Society in the 1930s; the Alnwick branch later became the Alnwick Pipers' Society, and Will was its president for many years.
Later he formed a band The Northumbrian Minstrels with Jack Armstrong playing fiddle and smallpipes, Jack Thompson on fiddle, Bob Clark on drums and Peggy Clark on piano. This group made some broadcasts for the BBC, including one from Alnwick in 1942 - a press cutting relating to this is at Woodhorn Museum website, where he is shown with a melodeon. They made some recordings at Powburn in 1944 - since rereleased in a compilation by Saydisc SDL 252, together with the piping of Jack Armstrong. These Powburn recordings, together with later recordings, are also available on the FARNE archive.
In the 1950s, Atkinson played with other musicians near Alnwick forming The Cheviot Ranters, a noted dance band in northern Northumberland, but left the group some time later. He also bought a good mouth organ at this time, intending it to be for his son, but liked it so much he kept it himself. He also refined his mouth organ technique after hearing Larry Adler's playing, and mostly played mouth organ subsequently. In 1974 he was one of the artists recorded by Topic, playing mouth organ, on Bonny North Tyne - Northumbrian Country Music. In later life, he recorded many times, chiefly with producer Geoff Heslop. The first release, with his friends Joe Hutton (piper) and Willy Taylor, collectively known as The Shepherds, was Harthope Burn, next came a compilation of Northumbrian Music and Poetry, From Sewingshields to Glendale (with Kathryn Tickell, Alistair Anderson, Mike Tickell, Hutton and Atkinson, etc.) and in 1989 Heslop and Alistair Anderson recorded him in a solo album called simply Will Atkinson - Mouthorgan. This included tunes from various sources, including five of his own compositions. Several recordings of him playing at folk clubs are available on the FARNE archive. When compiling the multi-album anthology The Voice of the People, Reg Hall selected several recordings of Will, which appeared on the record Ranting and Reeling - these included some of the recordings made for Bonny North Tyne, as well as later recordings made with The Shepherds.
Partial list of compositions
Sharon Davis USA (jig)
Alistair Anderson's Favourite (reel)
The Early Morning Reel
Kyloe Burn (reel)
Pippa Sandford (jig)
The Glen Aln Hornpipe
Anthony Robb (hornpipe)
The Redeside Hornpipe
93 Not Out (jig)
The Inspiration Waltz (waltz)
Recordings
Jack Armstrong -Celebrated Minstrel Saydisc SDL 252 (1944)
Bonny North Tyne - Northumbrian Country Music, Topic 12TS245 (1974)
Harthope Burn MWM Records 1024 (1983)
From Sewingshields to Glendale MWM Records MWM 1033 (1986)
Will Atkinson - Mouthorgan Common Ground CGRCD002 (1989)
References
Tony Wilson's biographical notes in Bonny North Tyne.
Will Atkinson's obituary
Reg Hall's notes to Ranting and Reeling.
FARNE archive
Interview with Willy Taylor and Will Atkinson on FARNE
External links
http://www.folknortheast.com/radio-farne/radio-farne/programme-eight
http://www.folknortheast.com/radio-farne/radio-farne/programme-three
English folk musicians
1908 births
2003 deaths |
23573226 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kybeyan%20River | Kybeyan River | The Kybeyan River, a watercourse that is part of the Murrumbidgee catchment within the Murray–Darling basin, is located in the Monaro region of New South Wales, Australia.
The river rises on the western slopes of the Great Dividing Range, near Greenland Swamp, and flows generally north and north-west, joined by three tributaries before reaching its confluence with the Numeralla River, near Warrens Corner; descending over its course.
See also
List of rivers of New South Wales (A–K)
List of rivers of Australia
References
Rivers of New South Wales
Murray-Darling basin |
23573230 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C14H10O3 | C14H10O3 | {{DISPLAYTITLE:C14H10O3}}
The molecular formula C14H10O3 (molar mass: 226.23 g/mol, exact mass: 226.0630 u) may refer to:
Benzoic anhydride
Dithranol, or anthralin
Hydroxyanthraquinone |
23573232 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East%20Clubbers | East Clubbers | The East Clubbers were a dance group from Poland, composed of Piotr Kwiatkowski (DJ Silver) and Piotr Wachnicki (DJ Sqren). The duo also worked with another Polish producer, Janardana. East Clubbers has many international hits, particularly in Europe, such as "Walk Alone", "Beat is Coming" and "Crazy Right Now".
History
The members of the East Clubbers have worked over eight years in the dance music field. They have previously been involved in other projects, such as Clubringer, DPM, Trinity and Janardana. The group has been together since 2002.
Career
The group co-operates with Kate Lesing, who sings most of their songs. East Clubbers aim to popularize Polish dance music internationally. The duo's first album, E-Quality, was released in 2004. Their second album, Never Enough, includes singles such as My Love, Make Me Live and Sextasy which were popular in Poland. The majority of the tracks have a progressive house and dance sound to them. They have also made several songs for Norwegian Russ-busses.
Discography
References
Discogs.com
Eurodance groups
Polish electronic music groups
Musical groups established in 2002 |
17330632 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1563%20No%C3%ABl | 1563 Noël | 1563 Noël, provisional designation , is a stony Flora asteroid from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 8 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 7 March 1943, by Belgian astronomer Sylvain Arend at the Royal Observatory of Belgium in Uccle, and named after his son.
Orbit and classification
Noël is a member of the Flora family, one of the largest groups of stony asteroids in the main-belt. It orbits the Sun at a distance of 2.0–2.4 AU once every 3 years and 3 months (1,185 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.09 and an inclination of 6° with respect to the ecliptic. Noël was first identified as at the Crimean Simeiz Observatory in 1930, extending its observation arc by 13 years prior to its official discovery observation.
Physical characteristics
The S-type asteroid is characterized as a transitional Sa-subtype on the SMASS taxonomic scheme.
Rotation period
Between April 2008 and June 2015, five rotational lightcurves were obtained from photometric observations by Czech astronomer Petr Pravec at the Ondřejov Observatory near Prague. All lightcurves show a well-defined rotation period between 3.548 and 3.550 hours with a brightness variation of 0.15 to 0.18 in magnitude ().
In April 2008, a photometric observation by astronomer Julian Oey at the Kingsgrove Observatory, Australia, gave a concurring period of hours and an amplitude of 0.14 ().
Diameter and albedo
According to the survey carried out by NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer with its subsequent NEOWISE mission, Noël measures 7.2 kilometers in diameter and its surface has a high albedo of 0.37, while the Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link assumes an albedo of 0.24 – derived from 8 Flora, the family's principal body and namesake – and calculates a larger diameter of 9.0 kilometers.
Naming
This minor planet was named in honor of the discoverer's son, Emanuel Arend ().
Notes
References
External links
Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB), query form (info )
Dictionary of Minor Planet Names, Google books
Asteroids and comets rotation curves, CdR – Observatoire de Genève, Raoul Behrend
Discovery Circumstances: Numbered Minor Planets (1)-(5000) – Minor Planet Center
001563
Discoveries by Sylvain Arend
Named minor planets
001563
19430307 |
23573242 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2009%20ECM%20Prague%20Open | 2009 ECM Prague Open | The 2009 ECM Prague Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts. It was the 8th edition of the ECM Prague Open, and was part of the WTA International tournaments of the 2009 WTA Tour. It took place in Prague, Czech Republic, from July 13 through July 19, 2009.
The tournament included tennis exhibition involving Pat Cash, Mansour Bahrami and Henri Leconte.
WTA entrants
Seeds
Seedings are based on the rankings of July 6, 2009.
Other entrants
The following players received wildcards into the singles main draw
Kristína Kučová
Zarina Diyas
Karolína Plíšková
The following players received entry from the qualifying draw:
Timea Bacsinszky
Kristina Mladenovic
Ksenia Pervak
Petra Martić
Finals
Singles
Sybille Bammer defeated Francesca Schiavone, 7–64, 6–2
It was Bammers first title of the year, and the second of her career.
Doubles
Alona Bondarenko / Kateryna Bondarenko defeated Iveta Benešová / Barbora Záhlavová-Strýcová, 6–1, 6–2
External links
Official website
ECM Prague Open
2009
2009 in Czech tennis |
23573257 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Wall%20%28disambiguation%29 | John Wall (disambiguation) | John Wall (born 1990) is an American professional basketball player.
John Wall may also refer to the following people:
Politicians
===American politicians===
John A. Wall (1847–?), Wisconsin state politician
John P. Wall, physician and mayor in Tampa, Florida
John Wall (North Dakota politician) (1943–2014), North Dakota educator and politician
Other politicians
John Wall (MP) (died 1435), English Mayor and MP of Newcastle-upon-Tyne
John Wall (Canadian politician) (1938–2010), Canadian educator and politician
Other people
John Wall (priest and antiquarian) (1588–1666), English priest and antiquarian
John Wall (electronic composer) (born 1950), English electroacoustic composer and improviser
John Wall (inventor) (1932–2018), amateur telescope maker, inventor of Crayford focuser
John Wall (judge) (1930–2008), British solicitor who was the first blind judge to be appointed to the High Court of Justice
John Wall (physician) (1708–1776), English physician
John Wall (priest and martyr) (1620–1679), Catholic martyr and saint
John F. Wall (born 1931), U.S. Army general
John Wall (philosopher) (born 1965) American educator and theoretical ethicist
John Wall, Baron Wall, British businessman and peer
See also
Jack Wall (disambiguation)
John Wall Callcott (1766–1821), composer
John Wall Dance, a dance step |
23573283 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miller%27s%20Ale%20House | Miller's Ale House | Miller's Ale House is a Florida-based American restaurant and sports bar chain which serves steaks, chicken, burgers, salads, seafood, and similar items. Though most of their locations are in Florida, there are a number of restaurants now open in Georgia, Illinois, Maryland, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Virginia, and Tennessee.
Locations are generally named after the town or neighborhood in which the store is located; for example, Miller's Ale House - Davie in Davie, Florida, or Miller's Ale House - Levittown in Levittown, New York. The use of the name "Miller's" in the name is recent; in the past each restaurant was named for its location. For instance, the signage for the location in Gainesville, Florida, was Gainesville Ale House, the location in Ocala, Florida, was called Ocala Ale House and the multiple locations around Orlando, Florida, were all called Orlando Ale House. There are 55 locations in Florida, eight in Pennsylvania, seven in Illinois, six in New York, four in New Jersey, three in Tennessee and Maryland, two each in Georgia, and Ohio, and one each in Delaware, and Virginia.
History
The first Ale House opened in 1988 in Jupiter, Florida.
In 2003, Nation's Restaurant News reported on Miller's Ale House's rapid expansion in the early 2000s, as well as on the chain's "high-grossing" revenues. According to the publication, average units of the restaurant grossed $4.1 million annually, and the chain's overall revenue for 2002 exceeded $125 million.
References
External links
Restaurants in Florida
Restaurants established in 1988
Restaurant chains in the United States
Companies based in Orlando, Florida |
23573296 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C10H10 | C10H10 | {{DISPLAYTITLE:C10H10}}
C10H10 may refer to:
Compounds sharing the molecular formula:
Basketene
Bullvalene
Cyclodecapentaene
Dialin
Divinylbenzene
Diisopropenyldiacetylene
Pentaprismane ([5]Prismane)
Triquinacene |
23573307 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St%20Barbe%20Holland | St Barbe Holland | Herbert St Barbe Holland (15 October 1882 - 9 June 1966) was an Anglican bishop in the 20th century.
Holland was born in 1882, the youngest of three sons of Canon William Lyall Holland of Cornhill-on-Tweed. He was educated at Durham School and University College, Oxford and ordained in 1908.
Following a curacy at Jesmond Parish Church he became Vicar of St Luke's, Newcastle upon Tyne. From 1917 until 1924 he was Secretary of the Church Missionary Society and then Sub-Dean of Coventry. Finally (before his ordination to the episcopate) he was rector of Hampton Lucy, Warwickshire and, from 1929, the Archdeacon of Warwick. In 1936 he became Bishop of Wellington, NZ. A decade later he returned to England as Dean of Norwich. A friend of Clement Attlee, he died in 1966, aged 83 and later had a street in Norwich named in his honour.
His son was the Rt Revd John Holland, Bishop of Polynesia.
Notes
The New Bishop of Wellington - Archdeacon Holland
1882 births
People educated at Durham School
Alumni of University College, Oxford
Archdeacons of Warwick
20th-century Anglican bishops in New Zealand
Anglican bishops of Wellington
Deans of Norwich
1966 deaths
Place of death missing
British expatriates in New Zealand |
20467208 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max%20Payne | Max Payne | Max Payne is a neo-noir third-person shooter video game series developed by Remedy Entertainment (Max Payne and Max Payne 2) and Rockstar Studios (Max Payne 3). The series is named after its protagonist, Max Payne, a New York City police detective turned vigilante after his family was murdered by drug addicts. The series' first and second installments were written by Sam Lake, while Max Payne 3 was primarily written by Rockstar Games' Dan Houser.
The first game of the series, Max Payne, was released in 2001 for Microsoft Windows and in 2002 for PlayStation 2, Xbox, and Apple Macintosh; a different version of the game was released for the Game Boy Advance in 2003. A sequel entitled Max Payne 2: The Fall of Max Payne was released in 2003 for PlayStation 2, Xbox and Microsoft Windows. In 2008, a movie adaption, loosely based on the original game, entitled Max Payne, was released, starring Mark Wahlberg and Mila Kunis in the roles of Max Payne and Mona Sax, respectively. Max Payne 3 was developed by Rockstar Studios and released on May 15, 2012 for PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360, and on June 1, 2012 for Microsoft Windows.
On November 15, 2021, Microsoft announced that in celebration of 20 years of Xbox, they would be adding over 70 more games to their backwards compatibility program. Headlining these games was the Max Payne trilogy, making the games available to play on Microsoft's Xbox One and Xbox Series X/S consoles.
The franchise is notable for its use of "bullet time" in action sequences, as well as being positively received by critics, although Max Payne 2s sales were considered underwhelming. , the Max Payne franchise has sold over 7.5 million copies. The film rendition received negative reviews but was commercially successful.
On April 6, 2022, Remedy announced that a remake of Max Payne and Max Payne 2 is in development, in a development agreement with Rockstar Games. The two games will be released as a single title.
Games
Max Payne
Renegade DEA agent and former NYPD officer Max Payne attempts to hunt down the ones responsible for murdering his wife and child, as well as framing him for the murder of his NYPD partner, Alex Balder. As the story unfolds, he gains a number of "allies", including Vladimir Lem (a suave, old-fashioned Russian mobster) and Mona Sax (a vigilante who is out to avenge the death of her twin sister) and uncovers a major conspiracy involving the trafficking of a narcotic called V, or Valkyr—after the mythological figures in Norse mythology—which is somehow connected to the death of Max's family.
Max Payne 2: The Fall of Max Payne
Two years after the first game, Max Payne has rejoined the NYPD and has been cleared of the charges for his killing spree thanks to his connection to Senator Alfred Woden, the leader of a secret society called the Inner Circle. During a routine murder investigation, Max finds himself face-to-face with the fugitive Mona Sax, who reluctantly joins him in his investigation. As the two work together to uncover the truth, they begin to develop feelings for each other, and come across another major conspiracy, which this time involves Vladmir Lem, the Italian Mob, and the Inner Circle.
Max Payne 3
Nine years after the second game, Max Payne has left New York and is working on a private security detail in São Paulo, Brazil. When the wife of his employer is kidnapped by a local street gang, Max and his old friend Raul Passos join forces in an attempt to rescue her, igniting a war that will lead them to confront a larger conspiracy.
Additional titles
Remedy, with funding from Rockstar who holds the rights to the series, announced plans to remake Max Payne and Max Payne 2 for personal computers, PlayStation 5, and Xbox Series X and Series S in April 2022. At the time of the announcement, the remakes were at an early development state, and no planned release date was announced. It was confirmed that the two games will be released as a single title.
Film adaptation
Early in 2003, it was confirmed that 20th Century Fox had bought the rights to adapt the game to film. The Max Payne movie went into production in 2008 and was directed by John Moore. The movie was produced by Collision Entertainment and Firm Films in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Mark Wahlberg and Mila Kunis play the roles of Max Payne and Mona Sax respectively. Beau Bridges, Chris O'Donnell, Nelly Furtado and Ludacris have roles as B.B. Hensley, Jason Colvin, Christa Balder and Jim Bravura respectively. On July 10, 2008, a teaser trailer was released, featuring an instrumental version of the Marilyn Manson song, "If I Was Your Vampire". The film was released to theaters in the U.S. on October 17, 2008 with a PG-13 rating. While it was ranked first on its opening weekend, grossing US$18 million at the box office, the film received mainly negative reviews, having a 16% rating at Rotten Tomatoes, based on 129 reviews. In June 2022, 20th Century Studios announced that a Max Payne reboot movie is in development.
Characters
Note: A gray cell indicates that the character does not appear in that medium.
References
External links
Max Payne franchises at MobyGames
The History of Max Payne, The Escapist, May 12, 2012
Celebrate 20 years of Xbox with over 70 new Backward Compatible Games, Xbox Wire, November 15, 2021
Rockstar Games franchises
Take-Two Interactive franchises
Video game franchises
Video game franchises introduced in 2001 |
17330652 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1565%20Lema%C3%AEtre | 1565 Lemaître | 1565 Lemaître, provisional designation , is a highly eccentric Phocaea asteroid and sizable Mars-crosser from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 8 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 25 November 1948, by Belgian astronomer Sylvain Arend at the Royal Observatory of Belgium in Uccle, Belgium. It was named after cosmologist and priest Georges Lemaître.
Classification and orbit
Lemaître is a Mars-crossing asteroid, as it crosses the orbit of Mars at 1.666 AU. It is also an eccentric member of the Phocaea family (). This asteroid orbits the Sun at a distance of 1.6–3.2 AU once every 3 years and 8 months (1,353 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.35 and an inclination of 21° with respect to the ecliptic. As no precoveries were taken, and no prior identifications were made, Lemaîtres observation arc begins on the night following its official discovery observation.
Physical characteristics
In the SMASS taxonomy, Lemaître is characterized as a Sq-type, a transitional class of stony S-type and Q-type asteroids.
Lightcurves
In September 2007, a rotational light-curve of Lemaître was obtained from photometric observations by American astronomer Brian D. Warner at his Palmer Divide Observatory, Colorado. It gave a rotation period of 11.403 hours with a brightness variation of 0.04 magnitude (), superseding a provisional period of 2.4 hours with an amplitude of 0.03 magnitude, derived from photometric observations made by Arnaud Leroy, Bernard Trégon, Xavier Durivaud and Federico Manzini two months earlier ().
Diameter and albedo
According to the surveys carried out by the Japanese Akari satellite and NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer with its subsequent NEOWISE mission, Lemaître measures between 6.90 and 8.00 kilometers in diameter, and its surface has an albedo between 0.22 and 0.334. The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link assumes a standard albedo for Phocaea asteroids of 0.23 – derived from 25 Phocaea, the family's most massiv member and namesake – and calculates a diameter of 8.76 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 12.5.
Naming
This minor planet was named in honour of Belgian priest, astronomer and professor of physics, Georges Lemaître (1894–1966), widely regarded as the father of the Big Bang theory. The lunar crater Lemaître also bears his name. Lemaître was the first minor planet to be numbered after the end of World War II. The official was published by the Minor Planet Center on 1 June 1975 ().
References
External links
Lightcurve plot of 1565 Lemaitre, Palmer Divide Observatory, B. D. Warner (2007)
Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB), query form (info )
Dictionary of Minor Planet Names, Google books
Asteroids and comets rotation curves, CdR – Observatoire de Genève, Raoul Behrend
Discovery Circumstances: Numbered Minor Planets (1)-(5000) – Minor Planet Center
001565
001565
Discoveries by Sylvain Arend
Named minor planets
001565
19481125 |
20467212 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Devil%27s%20Game%20%28film%29 | The Devil's Game (film) | The Devil's Game (; lit. "The Game") is a 2008 South Korean film.
Plot
Struggling artist Min Hee-do (Shin Ha-kyun), is offered three billion won to bet his life to a game against a rich old man, Kang No-sik (Byun Hee-bong), who is dying from a terminal illness. The game is for each man to dial a random phone number and guess if the person who answers will be male or female. He loses the bet, and after a monthlong brain operation, he wakes up to find that they have swapped bodies.
Cast
Shin Ha-kyun ... Min Hee-do
Byun Hee-bong ... Kang No-sik
Lee Hye-young ... Lee Hye-rin, No-sik's wife
Son Hyun-joo ... Min Tae-seok, Hee-do's uncle
Lee Eun-sung ... Joo Eun-ah, Hee-do's girlfriend
Jang Hang-sun ... Park Chang-ha
Kim Hyeok ... Secretary Mr. Ahn
Choo Sang-rok ... Dr. Kim
Maeng Bong-hak ... Trustee Mr. Yoon
Jo Cheong-ho ... President Kim
Release
The Devil's Game was released in South Korea on 31 January 2008, and topped the box office on its opening weekend with 361,650 admissions. As of 31 March 2008 it had received a total of 1,496,215 admissions, and as of 16 March 2008 grossed a toal of .
References
External links
2008 films
2000s Korean-language films
South Korean thriller drama films
2000s South Korean films |
23573325 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William%20Bleckwenn | William Bleckwenn | William Jefferson Bleckwenn (July 23, 1895 – January 6, 1965) was an American neurologist, psychiatrist, and military physician, who was instrumental in developing the treatment known as "narcoanalysis" or "narcosynthesis", also known by the lay term "truth serum".
Early years and education
Bleckwenn was born in Astoria, Queens, New York City, in 1895. He received his elementary and secondary education there in public city schools, graduating from high school at the top of his class. He then enrolled at the University of Wisconsin in 1913, earning a B.S.- Med. degree in 1917 as part of an accelerated medical course of study. As an undergraduate, Bleckwenn was an accomplished athlete in track & field, especially in the hammer throw. Bleckwenn enrolled at the Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons. He received his M.D. from that institution in 1920. Bleckwenn then pursued residency training at Bellevue Hospital in New York and at the Wisconsin Psychiatric Institute (WPI) in Madison. At WPI, he came under the tutelage of William Lorenz and Hans Reese.
Career in neurology and psychiatry at the University of Wisconsin
Upon completion of his training, Bleckwenn was asked to join Lorenz and Reese on the staff of WPI, which had by then become part of the UW Department of Neuropsychiatry. He quickly acquired skill as an administrator and researcher, becoming assistant director of the institute in the late 1920s. Around that time, Bleckwenn also began investigational studies on the use of barbiturates to treat catatonic mutism, a particularly disabling form of schizophrenia. He and Lorenz found that intravenous sodium amytal (amobarbital) was effective in producing a "lucid interval," wherein catatonic patients could converse normally, respond to questions appropriately, move about nimbly, and provide information about their thought processes and backgrounds that would otherwise have been impossible to obtain. The latter benefit of the treatment was given the names "narcoanalysis" or "narcosynthesis." In a short time, the amytal-induced "lucid interval" became a proof-positive test for the diagnosis of catatonia.
Bleckwenn published his findings on this topic in 1930, in landmark papers in the Wisconsin Medical Journal; the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA), and Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry, In the JAMA paper, he stated that "the catatonic patient has shown some extremely interesting and striking responses [to intravenous amytal]. Periods of from four to fourteen hours of a normal lucid interval have been a constant result of the treatment." Bleckwenn was forward-thinking regarding the documentation of these effects, making motion pictures of the process. Of those, Fink says "His silent films show the patients as mute, posturing, rigid, with heads raised fixedly from the pillow, and then responding dramatically to multigram doses of amobarbital. The films were convincing, and amobarbital was quickly and widely used to obtain clinical histories and to allow feeding and self-care." Psychiatrists across the world became enthused by sodium amytal therapy. In his text entitled "A Historical Dictionary of Psychiatry," Shorter states that "Some observers view Bleckwenn's procedure as the real beginning of psychopharmacology."
As an extension of his work on barbiturate therapy, Bleckwenn and Mabel Masten also studied the reversal of overdosage by amobarbital in the mid-1930s. They found that dilute intravenous solutions of picrotoxin (cocculin)-- a neurostimulatory plant product—were effective as an antidote in that setting. However, over time, the narrow therapeutic window associated with picrotoxin administration—which can also induce seizures—resulted in its disuse.
Military service in World War II
Bleckwenn had enlisted in the Wisconsin Army National Guard as a medical student, and had remained in the Reserve Medical Corps after completing his medical degree. He took part in the U.S. Army training maneuvers in 1940 and 1941 in central Louisiana (the "Louisiana Maneuvers") under the command of Lt. Gen. Stanley Embrick, which were undertaken because of the imminence of U.S. involvement in World War II. In 1941, Bleckwenn was called to active duty and attached to the 135th medical regiment. That unit operated as part of the U.S. Sixth Army and was tasked with management of frontline casualties. After the United States entered the war, the 135th shipped out to the Pacific Theater of Operations in March 1942. Bleckwenn was its commanding officer, with the rank of colonel (O6). The 135th saw action in New Guinea, Tarawa, Kwajalein, the Philippines, and Saipan. In addition to his administrative command duties, Bleckwenn functioned as a treating neurologist and psychiatrist; he also participated in establishing the "consultant system" of military psychiatric care, under the overall direction of Brig. Gen. William Menninger.
For his contributions during the war, Bleckwenn was awarded the Legion of Merit (with Oak Leaf Cluster) (see figure at right).
His governmental citation reads:
"Colonel William J. Bleckwenn rendered distinguished service as Consultant in Neuropsychiatry, Sixth Service Command, from July 1944 to November 1945. With a background of rich experience in the actual handling of nervous and mental casualties in the combat area, he displayed unusual foresight and understanding in organizing the program of treatment for mentally-disabled returnees." Bleckwenn also held the World War II Victory Medal and the Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal.
Later career
Bleckwenn returned to UW in early 1946 to resume his practice and his teaching duties as Professor of Neuropsychiatry. He continued research on narcoanalysis and the use of targeted neurosurgical procedures in the management of chronic pain. As other psychiatric treatments—such as insulin shock, electroconvulsive therapy, and early psychotropic agents—entered clinical practice in psychiatry, Bleckwenn also took an active role in their use and evaluation.
Illness, death, and family
Despite an athletic build and hearty manner, Bleckwenn developed severe coronary artery disease in the early 1950s. In the hope that a change of venue would improve his health, he moved to Winter Haven, Florida, in 1954. However, he was never well enough to actively practice neurology or psychiatry again, forcing a medical retirement. He died of an aortic aneurysm on January 6, 1965. He was preparing to have surgery on the aneurysm by his friend, famed heart surgeon, Michael Debakey. His passing was mentioned in the Milestones section of Time Magazine and on national CBS radio. Bleckwenn is buried at Forest Hill Cemetery in Madison, Wisconsin, with his wife Marion (née Dougan, 1896–1982) and son William Jr. (1923–1947). The Bleckwenns also had two other children, Jane and A. Theodore (Ted).
References
1895 births
1965 deaths
University of Wisconsin–Madison faculty
American neurologists
American psychiatrists
American military doctors
Recipients of the Legion of Merit
People from Astoria, Queens
University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health alumni
Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons alumni
Physicians from Wisconsin
Scientists from New York (state) |
23573331 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C18H30 | C18H30 | {{DISPLAYTITLE:C18H30}}
The molecular formula C18H30 (molar mass: 246.44 g/mol, exact mass: 246.2348 u) may refer to:
Dodecylbenzene
Estrane |
20467220 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forrabury%20and%20Minster | Forrabury and Minster | Forrabury and Minster is a civil parish on the north coast of Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. The parish was originally divided between the coastal parish of Forrabury and inland parish of Minster until they were united on the 1st of April 1919.
The parish was in the Registration District of Camelford. It is bounded to the north by the Atlantic; to the east by the parishes of St Juliot, Lesnewth and Davidstow; to the south by Camelford parish (ecclesiastical parish of Lanteglos by Camelford); and to the west by Trevalga parish. The population of Forrabury and Minster parish in the 2001 census was 888, which decreased slightly to 838 at the 2011 census.
Settlements and churches
Boscastle is the principal settlement in the parish of Forrabury and Minster. It is 14 miles (23 kilometres) south of Bude and 5 miles (8 kilometres) north-east of Tintagel. Forrabury parish church, dedicated to St Symphorian, is in Boscastle at .
However, the mother church of Boscastle is dedicated to St Materiana and nestles among the trees of Minster Wood in the valley of the River Valency half-a-mile east of Boscastle at . The original Forrabury / Minster boundary crossed the river so the harbour end of the village was in Forrabury and the upriver area in Minster. The churches were established some time earlier than the settlement at Boscastle (in Norman times when a castle was built there). The Celtic name of Minster was Talkarn but it was renamed Minster in Anglo-Saxon times because of a monastery on the site. Until the Reformation St Materiana's tomb was preserved in the church. (Another spelling of her name sometimes used is 'Mertheriana' but the usual Latin form is Materiana.) In 1187 the advowson of Forrabury Church was granted to the newly founded Hartland Abbey by William de Botreaux of Boscastle, who also gave the Abbey the advowsons of other of his manors in Devon. For many years the Anglican parishes of Forrabury and Minster have been in the charge of a Rector who is responsible for a group of adjoining parishes as well as these. Minster Church was damaged by the flood of August 2004 and in the following year archaeological work was done at the church to obtain a clearer idea of the history of the building.
Notable buildings and antiquities
Minster church was built in Norman times (some late medieval additions and restoration work carried out in the 19th century): it is listed Grade I. Forrabury church also has some Norman work but the tower was added in 1750. The Rev R. S. Hawker wrote a poem on "The Bells of Forrabury": it was based on a local legend arising from the absence of a peal of bells in the tower. At Welltown in Forrabury parish is a manor house dating from about 1640 and at Worthyvale and Redevallen in Minster parish are two manor houses also of the 17th century. Not far from Worthyvale is an inscribed stone (Latini [h]ic iacit filius Macari = Latin son of Macarus lies here). This stone is popularly known as King Arthur's Grave due to the erroneous identification of Slaughter Bridge with the site of Camlann. At Waterpit Down (on the road towards Launceston in Minster parish) are the remains of a cross probably from the 10th century. Camelford railway station (now occupied by the British Cycling Museum) was built in 1893 and was closed in 1966. (Though named after nearby Camelford it was in Minster parish.)
Views in Forrabury and Minster
Bibliography
Maclean, Sir John, The Parochial and Family History of the Parishes of Forrabury and Minster in the County of Cornwall, 1873 (part of MacLean's Parochial and Family History of ... Trigg Minor)
Armstrong, W. J. C., A Rambler's Guide to Boscastle; Together with St Juliot, Lesnewth [and] Trevalga; 2nd ed., 1931, privately printed at Boscastle
References
External links
Parish council website
Information about an archeological project on the area
Civil parishes in Cornwall
Boscastle |
20467265 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montrose%20School | Montrose School | Montrose School is an independent school for girls in grades 6–12 located in Medfield, Massachusetts, USA.
History
Montrose was founded in 1979 in Brookline, Massachusetts, by a group of parents and educators with a vision of girls’ education inspired by the teachings of the Roman Catholic Church and St. Josemaria Escriva. The founders asked the Prelature of Opus Dei to provide chaplains to oversee religious teachings, celebrate mass, hear confessions and lead reflections. One of the school's founders was marketing consultant Bill Bowman, later co-founder of the educational software company Spinnaker Software in 1982.
After its initial period in Brookline, the school spent a few years each in the towns of Westwood and Natick. In 2007, Montrose moved to its permanent location in Medfield.
Curriculum
Montrose offers a classical liberal arts curriculum, as well as character education integrated throughout the seven-year curriculum. Students participate in a mentoring program, daily enrichment opportunities for mass or non-academic individual reading, a guest speaker series, class and school service projects and the development of habits of heart, mind and character.
The upper school curriculum includes four years of English, mathematics, history, science and theology or philosophy, as well as at least three years of foreign language and fine arts. Languages offered include Spanish, French and Latin. During their senior year, students complete and present final capstone projects focusing on social issues or other interdisciplinary questions.
The middle school curriculum has two English classes in grade 6 and 7 and a full year of geography. In 7th grade, the girls study ancient civilizations. In 8th grade, the girls are introduced to the language program by taking a full year of Latin; they also take civics.
Montrose also offers study abroad trips for students: the "In the Footsteps of Dante" trip to Italy for upper school students. The school has recently introduced an exchange student program for 10 days with one of its sister schools, Rosemont in Ireland.
Other activities during school days
Girls have at least one study period on almost every day. During one day a week they have an all-school gathering which may consist of a speaker, a game, red and white team competitions, or a Big/Little sister activity.
At the beginning of the year, girls are sorted into either the red or white team, each representing one of the school's colors. These teams compete throughout the year in different activities with a winner announced on the annual themed field day.
The Big/Little sister program pairs one or more upper school (9-12th grade) students and one or more middle school (grades 6–8) students together to have someone to talk to or ask for advice from during the school year. The program is supposed to bond students across grades and create a cohesive environment.
Extracurricular
Sports
Montrose offers seven varsity sports, plus club sports and other athletic offerings. During fall, soccer, field hockey, volleyball and cross country are offered. Basketball, ski club and indoor track are offered during the winter season, and lacrosse, softball, and track and field club during the spring. Students are encouraged to start a club if they would like to see another sport on the Montrose campus.
Music and drama program
The Montrose Players put on three major productions each year: a middle school musical, an upper school play and an all-school musical. There are also two major music productions annually. These concerts include pieces from The Upper School and Middle School Chorus, Tone Chimes, Instrumental Ensemble and the school's a cappella groups. Montrose School has two a cappella groups, the Treblemakers (upper school) and the Clef Hangers (middle school).
Sources
Schools in Norfolk County, Massachusetts
Private high schools in Massachusetts
Private middle schools in Massachusetts
Opus Dei schools |
17330669 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/15811%20N%C3%BCsslein-Volhard | 15811 Nüsslein-Volhard | 15811 Nüsslein-Volhard, provisional designation , is a dark background asteroid from the outer region of the asteroid belt, approximately 16 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 10 July 1994, by German astronomer Freimut Börngen at the Karl Schwarzschild Observatory in Tautenburg, Germany. It was named for Nobelist Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard.
Orbit and classification
Nüsslein-Volhard orbits the Sun in the outer main-belt at a distance of 2.7–3.7 AU once every 5 years and 9 months (2,095 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.17 and an inclination of 10° with respect to the ecliptic.
The asteroid's observation arc begins 39 years prior to its official discovery observation, with its first identification as at the Goethe Link Observatory in September 1955.
Physical characteristics
According to the observations made by the Infrared Astronomical Satellite IRAS and NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer with its subsequent NEOWISE mission, Nüsslein-Volhard measures 15.2 and 16.2 kilometers in diameter, and its surface has an albedo of 0.062 and 0.067, respectively. A low albedo of 0.06 is typical for carbonaceous asteroids.
Lightcurve
As of 2017, Nüsslein-Volhards actual composition, rotation period and shape remain unknown.
Naming
This minor planet was named after Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard (born 1942), a German biologist who, together with Eric Wieschaus and Edward Lewis, won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1995. Her research identified the genes controlling the embryonic development for the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. The approved naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 26 May 2002 ().
References
External links
Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB), query form (info )
Dictionary of Minor Planet Names, Google books
Asteroids and comets rotation curves, CdR – Observatoire de Genève, Raoul Behrend
Discovery Circumstances: Numbered Minor Planets (15001)-(20000) – Minor Planet Center
015811
Discoveries by Freimut Börngen
Named minor planets
19940710 |
20467276 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motion%20to%20Rejoin | Motion to Rejoin | Motion to Rejoin is the third full-length album by Brightblack Morning Light. It was released on September 23, 2008 by Matador Records.
Track listing
"Introduction" – 0:42
"Hologram Buffalo" – 5:18
"Gathered Years" – 8:00
"Oppressions Each" – 3:26
"Another Reclamation" – 7:05
"A Rainbow Aims" – 9:46
"Summer Hoof" – 5:27
"Past a Weatherbeaten Fencepost" – 6:49
"When Beads Spell Power Leaf" – 2:43
References
2008 albums
Brightblack Morning Light albums
Matador Records albums |
23573347 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans%20Warren | Hans Warren | Johannes Adrianus Menne Warren (20 October 1921, in Borssele – 19 December 2001, in Goes) was a Dutch writer. Much of his fame in the Netherlands derives from having published a collection of diaries in which he described his life and homosexual experiences in a country that deeply repressed homosexuality. He is also known for his poetry, his literary criticism, and his translations of poetry from Modern Greek.
Youth
Warren was born in Zeeland, the only child of an engineer and a school teacher. As a child, he had few friendships among his peers, and when he was a student at the lyceum in Goes developed a great interest in nature. After graduation, he began writing articles for nature magazines, and was especially interested in birds. Jac. P. Thijsse was his model. For a while, he worked as a volunteer at an institute for dialectology. Even before the start of World War II, he began keeping a diary.
Writing career
After the war, Warren began publishing: in 1946, he published Pastorale, a collection of poetry; in 1947, a study on Jac. P. Thijsse; and in 1949 a book on nocturnal birds. In 1951, he began to write reviews and literary criticism for the Provinciale Zeeuwse Courant, one of the foremost newspapers in Zeeland. He wrote these columns and reviews until his death.
Marriage years
In 1952 he married an English woman, and they had three children. Soon after their marriage his wife was offered a position in Paris, where Warren's repressed homosexual feelings found an outlet in many contacts with North African boys. Although this created tension in his marriage, it also sparked his poetic career: Warren published three collections of poetry during his years in Paris, and the marriage, in the end, lasted until 1978.
Creative period
In 1958 the family returned to Zeeland, and Warren produced little writing until the end of the 1960s, when the publishing company Bert Bakker published a collection of new poems by Warren, Tussen hybris en vergaan. In 1969 Warren met Gerrit Komrij and the two poets began a long and mutually inspiring friendship. During the next ten years, Warren published a new book of poetry every year.
In 1978 Warren met Mario Molegraaf, forty years his junior (Warren was 57 at that time). The two began a tumultuous love affair that lasted until Warren's death. Molegraaf was a talented writer himself, and together they published a number of translations: the entire work of Constantine P. Cavafy, several poems by George Seferis, works by Plato and Epicurus, and the four gospels.
Secret Diary and other publications
The publication of his series of diaries caused some concern among Warren's friends and colleagues: as the title implies, the diaries are quite frank. Warren openly describes his own life and experiences, and offers his opinions on everyone, including his friends. The twentieth volume covered the years 1996 to 1998, with one more volume to be published.
From 1985 until 2002, Meulenhoff published a Warren calendar with a poem each day. Together with Molegraaf, Warren published several popular poetry anthologies.
Death and afterlife
Warren died at age 80 of liver problems; even his final year is described in his diary (which he kept until three days before his death) and in that of Molegraaf (published in 2002). In 2004, two novels he wrote in 1950 (Een vriend voor de schemering and Om het behoud der eenzaamheid) were rediscovered; Een vriend voor de schemering was published in 2005. A movie based on his novel Steen der hulp is in production.
Awards
1958 – Lucy B. en C.W. van der Hoogtprijs for Saïd
1970 – Pierre Bayle-prijs for his literary criticism
1971 – Zeeuwse prijs voor Kunsten en Wetenschappen for his entire oeuvre
1981 – Culture award from the city Goes for Geheim dagboek and his weekly literary reviews in the Provinciale Zeeuwse Courant
Bibliography
Poetry
1946 – Pastorale
1951 – Eiland in de stroom
1954 – Leeuw lente
1954 – Vijf in je oog
1957 – Saïd
1966 – Een roos van Jericho
1969 – Tussen hybris en vergaan
1970 – Kritieken
1972 – Schetsen uit het Hongaarse volksleven
1972 – Verzamelde gedichten 1941–1971
1973 – De Olympos
1974 – Betreffende vogels
1974 – Een liefdeslied
1974 – Herakles op de tweesprong
1975 – 't Zelve anders
1975 – Winter in Pompeï
1976 – Demetrios
1976 – Sperma en tranen
1976 – Zeggen wat nooit iemand zei
1976 – Zeven gedichten van liefde
1978 – De vondst in het wrak
1978 – Een otter in Americain
1978 – Behalve linde, tamarinde en banaan (revised edition of Sperma en tranen)
1978 – Voor Mario
1981 – Verzamelde gedichten 1941–1981
1982 – Dit is werkelijk voor jou geschreven (self-selected anthology)
1986 – Bij Marathon
1986 – Tijd
1987 – Ik ging naar de geheime kamers
1989 – Binnenste buiten
1992 – Nakijken, dromen, derven
1993 – Indigo
1996 – Ik ging naar de Noordnol
2001 – De Oost
2001 – Een stip op de wereldkaart
Prose fiction
1975 – Steen der hulp (tweede druk 1983; trans. in English as Secretly Inside
2004 – Tussen Borssele en Parijs
2005 – Een vriend voor de schemering
Non-fiction
1947 – In memoriam Dr. Jac. P. Thijsse
1949 – Nachtvogels
1981 – Geheim dagboek 1942–
1987 – Het dagboek als kunstvorm
1993 – Geheim dagboek 1939–1940
2001 – Om het behoud der eenzaamheid (selections from Geheim dagboek)
Anthologies
1959 – Mijn hart wou nergens tieren (bloemlezing uit het werk van P.C. Boutens)
1980 – Spiegel van de Nederlandse poëzie (revised edition 1984)
References
External links
Hans Warren in the Digital Library, Bibliotheek voor de Nederlandse Letteren
Website dedicated to Hans Warren
Collection Hans Warren in the Zeeuwse Bibliotheek
Photographs by Hans Warren in Beeldbank Zeeland
1921 births
2001 deaths
Dutch male poets
Dutch gay writers
People from Borsele
20th-century Dutch poets
20th-century Dutch male writers
20th-century LGBT people |
20467282 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vivian%20Potter | Vivian Potter | Vivian Harold Potter (23 October 1878 – 19 November 1968) was a New Zealand Member of Parliament, miner, trade unionist, and soldier.
Private life
Potter was born in Hamilton in 1878, the son of Albert Potter. His mother was Catherine Potter (née Whitehouse), Albert Potter's second wife. Albert Potter left his first wife in 1862 in Hobart when he discovered that both she and Catherine Whitehouse were pregnant with his children; he secretly took four of their five children with them to Auckland. His first wife tracked him down in Mount Eden in 1892.
Vivian Potter mostly lived in Auckland during his early life. He fought in the Second Boer War with the 7th Contingent for about two years; he was a Squadron Quartermaster Sergeant with registration number 4045.
After the Boer War, he married Lillah Coleman at Waihi in January 1904. He was a miner at Waihi and was a member of the Waihi Miners' Union, but opposed the 1912 strike. After the strike was over, he travelled the North Island and lectured on labour arbitration and conciliation.
He was a Second Lieutenant in World War I. He was granted indefinite leave from military service in March 1918 because he suffered from sciatica.
Political career
Potter served on the Waihi Borough Council. He chaired the Waihi school committee for some time, and was on the advisory committee for the Technical School.
Potter represented the Roskill electorate for the Reform Party in the New Zealand House of Representatives from 1919 to 1928. In the , Potter stood in the electorate for the Reform Party but was beaten by Arthur Stallworthy. In the 1931 election, he was one of five candidates in Eden and came last. In the , he stood in Roskill electorate again, and came fourth of the five candidates.
He died on 19 November 1968 and was buried at Mangere Lawn Cemetery.
References
1878 births
1968 deaths
Reform Party (New Zealand) MPs
Local politicians in New Zealand
New Zealand military personnel of the Second Boer War
New Zealand military personnel of World War I
New Zealand miners
New Zealand trade unionists
People from Hamilton, New Zealand
Members of the New Zealand House of Representatives
New Zealand MPs for Auckland electorates
Burials at Mangere Lawn Cemetery
Unsuccessful candidates in the 1928 New Zealand general election
Unsuccessful candidates in the 1931 New Zealand general election
Unsuccessful candidates in the 1935 New Zealand general election |
20467291 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molybdenum%20deficiency | Molybdenum deficiency | Molybdenum deficiency refers to the clinical consequences of inadequate supplies of molybdenum in the diet.
The amount of molybdenum required is relatively small, and molybdenum deficiency usually does not occur in natural settings. However, it can occur in individuals receiving parenteral nutrition.
Signs and symptoms
Descriptions of human molybdenum deficiency are few. A patient receiving prolonged parenteral nutrition acquired a syndrome described as ‘acquired molybdenum deficiency.’ This syndrome, exacerbated by methionine administration, was characterized by high blood methionine, low blood uric acid, and low urinary uric acid and sulfate concentrations. The patient suffered mental disturbances that progressed to a coma. Pathological changes occurring in individuals with a genetic disease that results in a sulfite oxidase (a molybdoenzyme) deficiency include increased plasma and urine sulfite, sulfate, thiosulfate, S-sulfocysteine and taurine; seizures, and brain atrophy/lesions; dislocated lenses; and death at an early age.
Diagnosis
Treatment
300 mcg Ammonium Molybdate per day can bring about recovery of “acquired molybdenum deficiency” [3]
See also
Molybdenum cofactor deficiency
References
Further reading
External links
Mineral deficiencies
Deficiency |
23573352 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic%20liberalism | Economic liberalism | Economic liberalism is a political and economic ideology that supports a market economy based on individualism and private property in the means of production. Adam Smith is considered one of the primary initial writers on economic liberalism, and his writing is generally regarded as representing the economic expression of 19th-century liberalism up until the Great Depression and rise of Keynesianism in the 20th century. Historically, economic liberalism arose in response to feudalism and mercantilism.
Economic liberalism is associated with markets and private ownership of capital assets. Economic liberals tend to oppose government intervention and protectionism in the market economy when it inhibits free trade and competition, but tend to support government intervention where it protects property rights, opens new markets or funds market growth, and resolves market failures. An economy that is managed according to these precepts may be described as a liberal economy or operating under liberal capitalism. Economic liberals commonly adhere to a political and economic philosophy that advocates a restrained fiscal policy and a balanced budget through measures such as low taxes, reduced government spending, and minimized government debt. Free trade, deregulation, tax cuts, privatization, labour market flexibility, and opposition to trade unions are also common positions.
Economic liberalism can be contrasted with protectionism because of its support for free trade and an open economy, and is considered opposed to planned economies and non-capitalist economic orders, such as socialism. As such, economic liberalism today is associated with classical liberalism, neoliberalism, right-libertarianism, and some schools of conservatism like liberal conservatism and fiscal conservatism. Economic liberalism follows the same philosophical approach as classical liberalism and fiscal conservatism.
Origin and early history
Developed during the Age of Enlightenment, particularly by Adam Smith, economic liberalism was born as the theory of economics of liberalism, which advocates minimal interference by government in the economy. Arguments in favor of economic liberalism were advanced by Smith and others during the age of enlightenment, opposing feudalism and mercantilism. It was first analyzed by Adam Smith in An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations (1776), which advocated minimal interference of government in a market economy, although it did not necessarily oppose the state's provision of basic public goods. In Smith's view, if everyone is left to his own economic devices instead of being controlled by the state, the result would be a harmonious and more equal society of ever-increasing prosperity. This underpinned the move towards a capitalist economic system in the late 18th century and the subsequent demise of the mercantilist system. Private property and individual contracts form the basis of economic liberalism.
The early theory of economic liberalism was based on the assumption that the economic actions of individuals are largely based on self-interest (invisible hand) and that allowing them to act without any restrictions will produce the best results for everyone (spontaneous order), provided that at least minimum standards of public information and justice exist, so that no one is allowed to coerce, steal, or commit fraud, and there should be freedom of speech and press. This ideology was well reflected in English law; Lord Ackner, denying the existence of a duty of good faith in English contract law, emphasised the "adversarial position of the parties when involved in negotiations".
Initial opposition
Initially, the economic liberals had to contend with arguments from the supporters of feudal privileges for the wealthy, traditions of the aristocracy and the rights of monarchs to run national economies in their own personal interests. By the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century, this opposition was largely defeated in the primary capital markets of Western countries.
Contrast with other economic philosophies
Contrast between British and American views
Historian Kathleen G. Donohue argues that classical liberalism in the United States during the 19th century had distinctive characteristics as opposed to Britain: "[A]t the center of classical liberal theory [in Europe] was the idea of laissez-faire. To the vast majority of American classical liberals, however, laissez-faire did not mean no government intervention at all. On the contrary, they were more than willing to see government provide tariffs, railroad subsidies, and internal improvements, all of which benefited producers. What they condemned was intervention in behalf of consumers."
Limits of influence and influence on other perspectives
In its initial formation, economic liberalism was focused on promoting the idea of private ownership and trade; however, due to a growing awareness of concerns regarding policy, the rise of economic liberalism paved the way for a new form of liberalism, known as social liberalism. This promoted an accommodation for government intervention in order to help the poor. As subsequent authors picked up and promoted widespread appeal of a subset of Smith's economic theories to support their own work — of free trade, the division of labour, and the principle of individual initiative — this contributed to obscuring other aspects of the rich body of political liberalism to be found in Smith's work. For example, his work promoted the ideal that the everyday man could hold ownership of his own property and trade, which Smith felt would slowly allow for individuals to take control of their places within society.
Economic liberalism and fiscal liberalism (conservatism)
Economic liberalism is a much broader concept than fiscal liberalism, which is called fiscal conservatism or economic libertarianism in the United States. The ideology that highlighted the financial aspect of economic liberalism is called fiscal liberalism, which is defined as support for free trade.
Position on state interventionism
Economic liberalism opposes government intervention in the economy when it leads to inefficient outcomes. They are supportive of a strong state that protects the right to property and enforces contracts. They may also support government interventions to resolve market failures. Ordoliberalism and various schools of social liberalism based on classical liberalism include a broader role for the state but do not seek to replace private enterprise and the free market with public enterprise and economic planning. A social market economy is a largely free-market economy based on a free price system and private property that is supportive of government activity to promote competition in markets and social welfare programs to address social inequalities that result from market outcomes.
See also
Conservatism in the United States
Constitutional economics
Doux commerce
Economic freedom
Economic liberalization
Economic progressivism
Georgism
Laissez-faire
Libertarianism in the United States
References
Bibliography
External links
Classical liberalism
Conservative liberalism
Economic globalization
Economic ideologies
Free market
Ideologies of capitalism
Liberalism
Political ideologies |
23573358 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C8H11NO2 | C8H11NO2 | {{DISPLAYTITLE:C8H11NO2}}
The molecular formula C8H11NO2 may refer to:
Butyl cyanoacrylate
4-Deoxypyridoxine
Dopamine, a neurotransmitter
Isobutyl cyanoacrylate
Norfenefrine
Octopamine
Octopamine (drug)
Vanillylamine |
23573373 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McGrath%20%28disambiguation%29 | McGrath (disambiguation) | McGrath is a surname of Irish origin.
McGrath may also refer to:
Places
United States:
McGrath, Alaska, a village
McGrath, Minnesota, a town
McGrath State Beach, Oxnard, California
Antarctica:
Mount McGrath
McGrath Nunatak
Other uses
McGrath Foundation, an Australian breast cancer support and education charity
McGrath Cup, a Gaelic Football competition in Munster, Ireland
McGrath's Fish House, restaurant chain in the American Pacific Northwest
See also
Clan McGrath
Magrath (disambiguation)
McGraw (disambiguation) |
23573389 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stelis%20immersa | Stelis immersa | Stelis immersa is a species of orchid found from Mexico to northern Venezuela. It is pollinated by the females of a fly species in the genus Megaselia.
References
External links
immersa
Orchids of Mexico
Orchids of Venezuela |
20467301 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TOSCO%20II%20process | TOSCO II process | The TOSCO II process is an above ground retorting technology for shale oil extraction, which uses fine particles of oil shale that are heated in a rotating kiln. The particularity of this process is that it use hot ceramic balls for the heat transfer between the retort and a heater. The process was tested in a 40 tonnes per hour test facility near Parachute, Colorado.
History
TOSCO II process is a refinement of the Swedish Aspeco process. The Tosco Corporation purchased its patent rights in 1952. In 1956, the Denver Research Institute performed research and development of this technology, including testing of a 24 ton per day pilot plant, which operated until 1966. Later the technology development was continued under Tosco's own directions. In 1964 Tosco, Standard Oil of Ohio, and Cleveland Cliffs Iron Company formed Colony Development, a joint venture company to develop the Colony Shale Oil Project and to commercialize the TOSCO II technology. The project was ended in April 1972.
Technology
The TOSCO II process is classified as a hot recycled solids technology. It employs a horizontal rotating kiln-type retort. In this process, oil shale is crushed smaller than and enters the system through pneumatic lift pipes in which oil shale is elevated by hot gas streams and preheated to about . After entering into retort, oil shale is mixed with hot ceramic balls with temperature from to . This increase the oil shale temperature to between and , in which pyrolysis occurs. In the pyrolysis process, kerogen decomposes to oil shale gas and oil vapors, while the remainder of the oil shale forms spent shale. Vapors are transferred to a condensor (fractionator) for separation into various fractions. At the kiln passage, the spent shale and the ceramic balls are separated in a perforated rotating separation drum (trommel). The crushed spent shale falls through holes in the trommel, while ceramic balls are transferred to the ball heater. Combustible shale gas is burned in the ball heater to reheat the ceramic balls.
The overall thermal efficiency of TOSCO II process is low because the energy of spent shale is not recovered and much of the produced shale gas is consumed by the process itself. The efficiency could be increased by burning char (carbonaceous residue in the spent shale) instead of shale gas as a fuel of the ball heater. The process' other disadvantages are mechanical complexity and large number of moving parts. Also the lifetime of ceramic balls is limited. Disposal of spent shale includes environmental problems because it is very finely crushed and contains carbon residue.
See also
Alberta Taciuk Process
Kiviter process
Petrosix process
Galoter process
Fushun process
Paraho process
Lurgi-Ruhrgas process
References
Oil shale technology |
20467313 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riker%20Hall%20%28Gainesville%2C%20Florida%29 | Riker Hall (Gainesville, Florida) | Riker Hall built in 1950 is a historic building on the campus of the University of Florida in Gainesville, Florida, in the United States. It was designed by Guy Fulton in a modified Collegiate Gothic style to provide housing for the student body. Known as South Hall for the first five decades of existence, it was named for Harold C. Riker in 2000.
References
Buildings at the University of Florida
Guy Fulton buildings
School buildings completed in 1950
Residential buildings completed in 1950
1950 establishments in Florida |
17330683 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1608%20Mu%C3%B1oz | 1608 Muñoz | 1608 Muñoz, provisional designation , is a Flora asteroid from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately in diameter. It was discovered on 1 September 1951, by Argentine astronomer Miguel Itzigsohn at the La Plata Astronomical Observatory, in La Plata, Argentina. The S-type asteroid has a rotation period of 5.3 hours. It was named after , one of the assistant astronomers at the discovering observatory.
Orbit and classification
Muñoz is a member of the Flora family (), a giant asteroid clan and the largest family of stony asteroids in the main-belt. It orbits the Sun in the inner asteroid belt at a distance of 1.8–2.6 AU once every 3 years and 3 months (1,203 days; semi-major axis of 2.21 AU). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.17 and an inclination of 4° with respect to the ecliptic. It was first imaged on a precovery taken at the Lowell Observatory in November 1948, extending the body's observation arc by 3 years prior to its official discovery observation.
Naming
This minor planet was named in memory of , who was an assistant at the La Plata Observatory in the department of extra-meridian astronomy. Muñoz was involved in computational and observational work on minor planets for many years and also took an active part in site testing for the Argentine telescope, also known as the 85-inch or 2.15-meter Jorge Sahade Telescope (also see ). The official naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 1 August 1980 ().
Physical characteristics
Being a Florian asteroid, Muñoz is likely a stony, relatively bright S-type asteroid.
Rotation period
Muñoz is a target of the Photometric Survey for Asynchronous Binary Asteroids (BinAstPhot Survey) led by astronomer Petr Pravec at the
Ondřejov Observatory in the Czech Republic. In September 2017, two rotational lightcurves were obtained from photometric observations by Pravec in collaboration with Serbian astronomer Vladimir Benishek at Belgrade Observatory, who observed the asteroid over three subsequent nights at Sopot Astronomical Observatory . Analysis of the bimodal lightcurve gave a well-defined, nearly identical rotation period of and hours, respectively, with a brightness amplitude of 0.36 magnitude ().
Diameter and albedo
According to the surveys carried out by the Japanese Akari satellite and the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, Muñoz measures between 6.15 and 7.8 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo between 0.265 and 0.40. The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link assumes an albedo of 0.24 – derived from 8 Flora, the principal body of the Flora family – and calculates a diameter of 7.82 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 12.7.
Notes
References
External links
Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB), query form (info )
Dictionary of Minor Planet Names, Google books
Asteroids and comets rotation curves, CdR – Observatoire de Genève, Raoul Behrend
Discovery Circumstances: Numbered Minor Planets (1)-(5000) – Minor Planet Center
001608
Discoveries by Miguel Itzigsohn
Named minor planets
19510901 |
17330698 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/22nd%20Punjab%20Infantry | 22nd Punjab Infantry | 22nd Punjab Infantry could refer to two regiments of the British Indian Army
22nd Punjabis in 1861
30th Punjabis in 1857 |
20467330 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elma%20Dienda | Elma Dienda | Elma Jane Dienda (born 16 November 1964 in Upington, Northern Cape, South Africa) is a Namibian politician and teacher. Currently a member Democratic Turnhalle Alliance which she joined four years after her resignation from the CoD, Dienda was a member of the National Assembly of Namibia from taking CoD's final spot in 2004 until CoD did not receive enough votes for her re-election in 2009. She is of South African and Malawian descent.
Career
Dienda is a teacher by profession, having earned an education diploma at the Windhoek College of Education and worked at Eldorado High School in Khomasdal. She also has a paralegal diploma from the Legal Assistance Centre. She received training as a counselor at Catholic AIDS Action.
Political positions
Dienda joined the Congress of Democrats in 1999, the year of its foundation. She also held the position of the secretary of the Women Democrats Party. In 2007, she opposed the election of Ben Ulenga as party president.
Dienda led a drive in the National Assembly which called for the distribution of condoms to prison inmates as a means of preventing the spread of HIV/AIDS. Dienda and other opposition politicians were shouted down, with Utoni Nujoma and Petrus Iilonga vocally opposing the idea. Several SWAPO members denied that sexual activities ever occurred in prisons.
The PDM legislator said she does not support husbands and wives claiming rape in marriage. Dienda was responding to a point raised by the minister of home affairs, immigration, safety and security Albert Kawana, who asked whether there would be a conviction if boyfriends and girlfriends, or husbands and wives, claim rape when there is no semen and bodily fluids as part of the court evidence, during a parliament session in April 2022.
References
1964 births
Living people
People from Upington
Congress of Democrats politicians
Members of the National Assembly (Namibia)
Namibian people of Malawian descent
Namibian people of South African descent
21st-century Namibian women politicians
21st-century Namibian politicians
Women members of the National Assembly (Namibia)
Windhoek College of Education alumni |
17330749 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/5th%20Mahratta%20Light%20Infantry | 5th Mahratta Light Infantry | The 5th Mahratta Light Infantry was a regiment of the British Indian Army. It was formed in 1922, when
the Indian government reformed the army moving from single battalion regiments to multi battalion regiments. The regiment fought in World War II and raised 30 battalions. After the war it was allocated to the Indian Army in 1947, being renamed the Maratha Light Infantry.
Formation 1922
1st Battalion ex 103rd Mahratta Light Infantry served in North Africa and Italy during World War II. Sepoy Namdeo Jadhav was awarded the Victoria Cross (VC) in Italy in 1945.
2nd Battalion ex 105th Mahratta Light Infantry served in Eritrea and North Africa until June 1942 when it bore the full brunt of the German attack on Tobruk, sustaining very heavy casualties so that after the surrender of Tobruk the survivors became prisoners of war.
3rd Battalion ex 110th Mahratta Light Infantry served in Eritrea, North Africa and Italy during World War II. Naik Yeshwant Ghadge was awarded the Victoria Cross posthumously in Italy in 1944.
4th Battalion ex 116th Mahrattas served on the border of India and Burma during World War II, most notably in the defense of Imphal.
5th Battalion ex 117th Mahrattas. This battalion was designated 'Royal' in recognition of its exemplary service in Mesopotamia in World War I. This honor of a single battalion was unknown in the British Army and very rarely bestowed in the Indian Army. During World War II it served in the Middle East before becoming a Machine Gun battalion in Italy.
6th Battalion Mahratta Light infantry was created in June 1940 and in October 1942 joined its sister battalion, the 4th, in 49 Brigade in the defense of Imphal.
10th (Training) Battalion ex 114th Mahrattas. During World War II it trained hundreds of young soldiers to supply the needs of its sister active service and other battalions of the Regiment.
British Indian Army infantry regiments
Military units and formations established in 1922
R |
20467347 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North%20Hall%20%28Gainesville%2C%20Florida%29 | North Hall (Gainesville, Florida) | North Hall built in 1950 is a historic building on the campus of the University of Florida in Gainesville, Florida, in the United States. It was designed by Guy Fulton in a modified Collegiate Gothic style to provide housing for the student body.
See also
University of Florida
Buildings at the University of Florida
University of Florida student housing
References
Buildings at the University of Florida
Guy Fulton buildings
University and college buildings completed in 1950
Residential buildings completed in 1950
1950 establishments in Florida |
20467348 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%B3zsef%20Tajti | József Tajti | József Tajti (Jászapáti, 8 October 1943) is a Hungarian footballer, currently coaches Nyíregyháza Spartacus FC.
References
Ki kicsoda a magyar sportéletben? [Who's Who in the Hungarian Sports Life?], Volume 3 (S–Z). Szekszárd, Babits Kiadó, 1995, p 85,
1943 births
Living people
People from Jászapáti
Hungarian footballers
Hungarian football managers
Association football defenders
Budapest Honvéd FC players
Kaposvári Rákóczi FC players
Fehérvár FC managers
Nemzeti Bajnokság I managers
Sportspeople from Jász-Nagykun-Szolnok County |
17330765 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kevin%20Gibbens | Kevin Gibbens | Kevin Gibbens (born 4 November 1979) is an English former professional footballer.
Playing career
Southampton
Gibbens made his debut for Southampton on 4 April 1998 against Sheffield Wednesday, coming on in the 58th minute for Matt Le Tissier.
Sholing
Gibbens joined Sholing (then VTFC) in August 2004, staying at the club for eight years.
Blackfield & Langley
Gibbens joined Wessex League side Blackfield & Langley in July 2012.
Andover Town
After leaving Blackfield, Gibbens signed for Andover Town in August 2015.
Managerial career
On 17 December 2013, it was announced that Gibbens was to become player/manager of Blackfield & Langley, following the departure of Glenn Burnett.
References
External links
Kevin Gibbens Basingstoke Town Profile
Kevin Gibbens Wessex League Profile
Since 1888... The Searchable Premiership and Football League Player Database (subscription required)
Sporting-heroes.net
1979 births
Living people
Footballers from Southampton
English footballers
Association football midfielders
Southampton F.C. players
Stockport County F.C. players
Oxford United F.C. players
Basingstoke Town F.C. players
Sholing F.C. players
Blackfield & Langley F.C. players
Andover Town F.C. players
Premier League players
English Football League players
English football managers
Blackfield & Langley F.C. managers |
20467366 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%28It%27s%20Gonna%20Be%20a%29%20Lonely%20Christmas | (It's Gonna Be a) Lonely Christmas | "(It's Gonna Be a) Lonely Christmas" is a Christmas song recorded by The Orioles in 1948. It was their second hit (following "It's Too Soon to Know"), reaching position #8 on Billboard’s Juke Box charts in December 1948, and #5 the following Christmas.
References
American Christmas songs
Songs about loneliness
1948 songs |
23573392 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Footballer%20of%20the%20Year%20in%20Russia%20%28Futbol%29 | Footballer of the Year in Russia (Futbol) | Footballer of the Year in Russia was an annual award given by Futbol weekly to the Russian Premier League player of the season. The title was awarded according to the results of a poll conducted by the newspaper. Players of each Premier League club are polled. The award started in 1964 as Soviet Footballer of the Year until changing its name for the 1992 season. The last title awarded in 2021. Brazilian Daniel Carvalho became the first foreign player to win the award in 2005.
List of winners
See also
Soviet Footballer of the Year
Footballer of the Year in Russia (Sport-Express), Sport-Express daily newspaper version
References
External links
Futbol weekly official blog
Russia 2
Awards established in 1992
1992 establishments in Russia
Russian football trophies and awards
Annual events in Russia
Association football player non-biographical articles |
17330802 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20committees%20of%20the%20Northern%20Ireland%20Assembly | List of committees of the Northern Ireland Assembly | List of committees of the Northern Ireland Assembly is a list of departmental, standing and ad hoc committees of the Northern Ireland Assembly.
Departmental committees
Executive Office
Agriculture, Environment and Rural Affairs
Communities
Economy
Education
Finance
Health
Infrastructure
Justice
Standing committees
Assembly and Executive Review Committee
Committee on Procedures
Business Committee
Public Accounts Committee
Committee on Standards and Privileges
Audit Committee
See also
List of government departments, their agencies and their ministers in Northern Ireland
References
External links
Northern Ireland Assembly
Northern Ireland Assembly
Northern Ireland Assembly, Committees |
6903029 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Texas%20Longhorns%20football | Texas Longhorns football | The Texas Longhorns football program is the intercollegiate team representing the University of Texas at Austin (variously Texas or UT) in the sport of American football. The Longhorns compete in the NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision (formerly Division I-A) as a member of the Big 12 Conference. Their home games are played at Darrell K Royal–Texas Memorial Stadium in Austin, Texas.
With over 900 wins, and an all-time win–loss percentage of .705, the Longhorns rank 3rd and 7th on the all-time wins and win–loss records lists, respectively. Additionally, the iconic program claims 4 national championships, 32 conference championships, 100 First Team All-Americans (62 consensus and 25 unanimous), and 2 Heisman Trophy winners.
History
Beginning in 1893, the Texas Longhorns football program is one of the most highly regarded and historic programs of all time. From 1936 to 1946 the team was led by Hall of Fame coach Dana X. Bible, and then from 1957 to 1976 the team was led by Hall of Fame coach Darrell K Royal, who won three national championships. The first championship was in 1963 and the second was in 1969. In 2009, ESPN ranked Texas as the seventh-most prestigious college football program since 1936. In 2012, the football program was valued at $805 million, more than the calculated value of several NFL teams. Texas is known for their post-season appearances, ranking second in number of bowl game appearances (55), fourth in bowl game victories (29), most Southwest Conference football championships (27), and most Cotton Bowl Classic appearances and victories. Other NCAA records include 108 winning seasons out of 122 total seasons, 24 seasons with 10 or more wins, 9 undefeated seasons, and 26 seasons with at most one loss or tie. From 1936 to 2012, the Longhorns football teams have been in the AP or coaches' rankings 66 out of 76 seasons (86.8% of the time), finishing those seasons ranked in the top twenty-five 48 times and the top ten 28 times. Texas claims four Division I-A national championships (1963, 1969, 1970 and 2005) and 32 conference championships (3 Big 12 Conference, 27 Southwest Conference, and 2 Texas Intercollegiate Athletic Association).
A total of 129 (53 consensus and 22 unanimous) Texas players have been named to College Football All-America Teams, while two Longhorn players, Earl Campbell (1977) and Ricky Williams (1998), have won the Heisman Trophy, "College football's most prestigious individual honor". Seventeen Longhorns have been inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame, while four are enshrined in the Pro Football Hall of Fame.
In the beginning of the 2019 season, Texas' all-time record was 909–371–33 (.705), which ranked as the third-most wins at the end of the same season Texas' record was 916–375–33 (.704) losing a spot and ending up in fourth in NCAA Division I FBS history.
After 15 seasons as a member of the Big 12, Texas accepted an invitation to join the SEC beginning with the 2025 season. The Longhorns football team intends to continue competing in the Big 12 for the remainder of its media rights deal, which expires in June 2025.
Conference affiliations
Texas has been affiliated with four conferences and twice been an independent.
Independent (1893–1895, 1905–1912)
Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association (1896–1904)
Texas Intercollegiate Athletic Association (1913–1914)
Southwest Conference (1915–1995)
Big 12 Conference (1996–present)
Southeastern Conference (beginning play in 2025)
Championships
National championships
Texas has been selected national champion in 9 seasons from NCAA-designated major selectors (including four from major wire-service: AP Poll and Coaches' Poll). The 1963, 1969, 1970, and 2005 championships are claimed by the school, while the remainder are not claimed.
Claimed national championships
Unclaimed national championships
Conference championships
Texas has won 32 conference championships, 26 outright and six shared, spanning three conferences, the Texas Intercollegiate Athletic Association, the Southwest Conference, and their current conference, the Big 12 Conference.
† Co-champions
Division championships
Texas has won a share of 7 Big 12 South titles, 5 of which resulted in an appearance in the Big 12 Championship Game. Texas is 3–2 in those appearances. As of 2011, the new ten-team Big 12 Conference ceased to have divisions and conference championship games.
† Co-champions
Bowl games
At the end of the 2018 season, Texas is tied for second in all time bowl appearances in the NCAA FBS at 55, matching Georgia and trailing Alabama's 70 appearances. (Note: Some years Texas went to two bowls although they were in different seasons)
^ The 2006 Rose Bowl was both the Rose Bowl Game and the sanctioned BCS National Championship Game, after that season the BCS NCG became a separate game unaffiliated with the major bowl games.
† The Bluebonnet Bowl in Houston was discontinued in 1988, but was replaced by the Houston Bowl (2000–2001) and the Texas Bowl (2006–current).
‡ The Freedom Bowl merged with the Holiday Bowl in 1995.
New Year's Six bowls and Bowl Championship Series games
Texas has played in four Bowl Championship Series games (including two BCS National Championships) and one New Year's Six bowl. Texas also played in two Bowl Alliance games (the precursor to the BCS): the 1995 Sugar Bowl and the 1997 Fiesta Bowl.
Head coaches
There have been 31 head coaches since the inaugural team in 1893, with Steve Sarkisian being the current head coach of the Longhorns.
Home stadium
The Longhorns have played their home games in Darrell K Royal–Texas Memorial Stadium (formerly just "Memorial Stadium" and "Texas Memorial Stadium") on Campbell-Williams Field since 1924. The stadium is located on the campus of The University of Texas in Austin, Texas. The current official stadium capacity is 100,119, making it the second largest football venue in the state of Texas, the largest in the Big 12 Conference, the fifth largest on-campus stadium in the NCAA, and the seventh largest non-racing stadium in the world.
The stadium has been expanded several times since its original opening, and now includes 100,119 permanent seats, the nation's first high definition video display in a collegiate facility nicknamed "Godzillatron," and a newly renovated Joe Jamail Field with FieldTurf. The current DKR-Texas Memorial Stadium and Big 12 attendance record was set on September 15, 2018, against USC with 103,507 spectators.
The final planned phase of the stadium's expansion includes the construction of permanent seating and an upper deck in the south end zone, completely enclosing the playing field. The stadium's seating capacity is expected to reach 112,000 once the south end zone is fully enclosed, which would mean DKR-Texas Memorial Stadium would surpass Michigan Stadium as the largest football stadium in North America. However, the date of the final construction phase to fully enclose the south end zone has not been set nor have any funds been raised. Varying sources claim this phase may not take place for upwards of 10 to 15 years, though on March 11, 2014, an announcement was made that an exploratory committee has been formed regarding the expansion of the stadium in conjunction with the construction of the Dell Medical School on campus.
Before the Longhorns football team moved to DKR, they played their home games at Clark Field from 1887 to 1924. Clark Field was a wooden-structured stadium located on the University of Texas campus. The Longhorns last game at Clark Field before moving to brand new Memorial Stadium occurred on October 25, 1924. The Longhorns battled the Florida Gators to a 7–7 tie that day. Texas finished with a record of 135–23–3 during their time at Clark Field.
Rivalries
Oklahoma
Texas has a long-standing rivalry with the University of Oklahoma. The football game between the University of Texas and Oklahoma is commonly known as the "Red River Rivalry" and is held annually in Dallas at the Cotton Bowl. Dallas is used as a "neutral site" since it is approximately midway between the two campuses. The stadium is split, with each team having an equal number of supporters on each side of the 50 yard line. Texas state flags fly around the Longhorn end of the stadium and Oklahoma state flags fly around the Sooner end. This border rivalry is often considered to be one of the top five current rivalries in the NCAA. The Red River Shootout originated in 1900, while Oklahoma was still a territory of the United States, and it is the longest-running college-football rivalry played on a neutral field. Since 2005, the football game has received sponsorship dollars in return for being referred to as the "SBC Red River Rivalry" (changed to AT&T Red River Rivalry in 2006 after SBC merged with AT&T), a move which has been criticized both for its commercialism and its political correctness. The University of Texas holds its annual Torchlight Parade during the week of the Red River Rivalry. In 2005, the Dallas Morning News did an opinion poll of the 119 Division 1A football coaches as to the nations top rivalry game in college football. The Texas-OU game was ranked third. The game typically has conference or even national significance. Since 1945, one or both of the two teams has been ranked among the top 25 teams in the nation coming into 60 out of 65 games. Twice Texas has defeated the Sooners a record eight straight times from 1940 to 1947 and 1958–1965. One of the most significant meetings was in 1963 with Oklahoma ranked No. 1 and Texas ranked No. 2, the game won by Texas 28–7 en route to their first officially recognized national championship. The series has also had its share of games that came down to the wire and comebacks most recently in 2009 when Texas cemented a 16–13 victory in the fourth quarter over OU. The game has also been the result of controversy. The meeting in 1976 was a heated affair as the Oklahoma staff was accused of spying on Texas' practices, a move later confirmed by former OU head coach Barry Switzer. In the 2008 season Texas scored 45 points over then No. 1 Oklahoma for the win, but even with the victory Texas would not go on to the Big 12 Championship game due to BCS rankings. Six of the last ten showings featured one of the participants in the BCS National Championship Game (2000, 2003–2005, 2008, 2009), including national titles won by Oklahoma in 2000 and by Texas in 2005. On October 6, 2018, the Longhorns and Sooners squared off in a Red River Rivalry game that will go down in history. After giving up a 21-point 4th Quarter lead, the Longhorns found themselves tied at 45 with the Sooners with just over two minutes left to play in the game. As the Longhorns began to systematically march down the field, time began to run out. However, a Cameron Dicker 40 yard field goal sealed a 48–45 win for the Longhorns and finally ended the 2-year drought in the Red River Rivalry.
In 2022, Texas shut out Oklahoma, beating them 49-0. This was the most dominant win by either side since 2003, and the first shut out since 2006.
Texas leads the all-time series 62–50–5 through the 2021 season. In 2023 Oklahoma will surpass Texas A&M as UT’s most played football rivalry game.
Texas Tech
The first meeting between the Texas Longhorns and Texas Tech Matadors (as the team was known until 1937) was in 1928, a 12–0 win for Texas. The teams only faced each other nine times before 1960 with Texas holding an 8–1 record over Tech at the time. From 1960 to 1995, both schools played annually as members of the Southwest Conference. Since 1996, both schools have played as members of the Big 12 Conference. In 1996, the Texas Tech University System was established and the system's first chancellor, John T. Montford, a former member of the Texas State Senate, started the exchange of a traveling trophy between the two universities called the Chancellor's Spurs. The spurs are gold and silver and engraved with Texas Tech's Double T and Texas' interlocking UT logo and were first awarded to Texas after a 38–32 victory over the Red Raiders in Lubbock.
Texas leads the all-time series 54–17 through the 2021 season.
Arkansas
Old Southwest Conference rivals, Texas and Arkansas first met in 1894, a 54–0 win by Texas. In the days of the Southwest Conference, the game between the two schools usually decided which team would win the conference championship. Overall, Texas won the game about 71% of the time, which led to an incredibly fierce and intense rivalry. The two programs have met 79 times and have had many big games. The meeting in 1969 is the true Game of the Century commemorating the 100th year of college football, which led to the Longhorns' 1969 national championship. This game, which is commonly known as "Dixie's Last Stand" and The Big Shootout, still does not sit well with Razorback fans to this day. The game saw Arkansas lead throughout only to have Texas come from behind and win in the final minutes, 15–14. The game also saw former President Richard Nixon attend the game and crown the Longhorns the National Champion in the locker room. The Texas-Arkansas game has not been played annually since Arkansas's departure from the Southwest Conference to the Southeastern Conference in 1991. However, many Longhorn and Razorback fans still consider this matchup an important rivalry. Texas and Arkansas played in September 2008, with Texas winning, 52–10. Texas and Arkansas also played in the 2014 Texas Bowl, which Arkansas won, 31–7. Texas and Arkansas played in the 2021 regular season, with Arkansas winning by a score of 40-21.
Texas leads the series 56–23 through the 2021 season.
Nebraska
The rivalry is known for the tension between the two programs. Almost every game between the two could have gone either way, with Texas stealing many of the victories in heartbreaking fashion.
Texas leads the series 10–4 through the 2018 season.
Texas A&M
The first meeting between the football squads of the University of Texas and Texas A&M was in 1894, a 38–0 win for Texas. In fact, Texas won its first seven games against the Aggies, all of them by shutout. By 1915 Texas held a 15–4–2 advantage against the Aggies. The game was a back and forth affair for the next twenty years as the home team usually took the victory in the game, however Texas still maintained the series lead. In 1940, Texas shutout the Aggies 7–0 and kept them from receiving the Rose Bowl bid that year. From that year forward Texas would go on to win 33 of the next 38 games over A&M. It was not until the mid-1980s that A&M developed a win streak over Texas and in the late 1990s and 2000s the rivalry would again go back to Longhorns. The Texas/Texas A&M rivalry has given rise to several stereotypes on both sides: Texas A&M is generally portrayed as the rural smaller school while Texas is portrayed as the urban-wealthy larger school. With the exception of the 1994 game, when A&M's probation restricted the Aggies from being televised, the annual football game with Texas A&M traditionally takes place on Thanksgiving Day or the day after each year. This iconic in-state rivalry is often considered one of the top college rivalries of all time. In July 2011, Texas A&M elected to join the Southeastern Conference beginning in 2012, which ended of the 118-year consecutive meetings between the two schools. On November 24, 2011, Texas faced Texas A&M in College Station in the final scheduled meeting of the rivalry as of January 2019. Texas defeated Texas A&M 27–25 on a last second field goal to win the final meeting. In an attempt to generate more attention for the rivalry in sports other than football, the two schools created the Lone Star Showdown in 2004. Essentially, each time the two schools meet in a sport, the winner of the matchup gets a point. At the end of the year, the school with the most points wins the series and receives the Lone Star Trophy.
Texas leads the series 76–37–5 through the 2021 season. The rivalry will resume when Texas moves to the Southeastern Conference in 2025.
Baylor
Baylor and Texas have played each other 111 times, with the first game between Baylor and Texas being played in 1901. Only Oklahoma and Texas A&M have played Texas more times than Baylor. Both Baylor and Texas were founding members of the Southwest Conference and the BIG 12 Conference. Texas leads the series with Baylor 70-28-4. However, starting in 2010 this rivalry intensified as Baylor established themselves as a major contender in the BIG 12 Conference with Baylor playing for 4 BIG 12 titles and winning 3, including a head-to-head win over Texas to clinch the BIG 12 Championship in 2013, in what is now known as the "Ice Bowl" Losing the BIG 12 Title to Baylor 30-10 was Mack Brown's last regular season game as the head coach at Texas.
Since 2010 the Baylor vs Texas series is tied at 6-6-0.
TCU
Texas leads the series with TCU 64–27–1 through the 2021 season.
Rice
All-time series records
Individual accomplishments
Retired numbers
National awards and honors
The University of Texas has had 129 Longhorns selected to the College Football All-America Team including 62 Consensus and 25 Unanimous; Texas also has 17 players and coaches that have been inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame.
Major honors
Heisman TrophyMost Outstanding Player
Earl Campbell – 1977
Ricky Williams – 1998
Maxwell AwardBest Football Player
Tommy Nobis – 1965
Ricky Williams – 1998
Vince Young – 2005
Colt McCoy – 2009
Walter Camp AwardPlayer of the Year
Ricky Williams – 1998
Colt McCoy – 2008, 2009
Chic Harley AwardCollege Football Player of the Year
Earl Campbell – 1977
Ricky Williams – 1998
Colt McCoy – 2009
Archie Griffin AwardMost Valuable Player
Vince Young – 2005
Colt McCoy – 2009
AT&T ESPN All-America PlayerFans Most Valuable Player
Cedric Benson – 2004
Vince Young – 2005
Colt McCoy – 2009
AP Player of the YearMost Outstanding Player
Ricky Williams – 1998
SN Player of the YearTop Collegiate Football Player
Earl Campbell – 1977
Ricky Williams – 1998
Colt McCoy – 2009
UPI Player of the Year NCAA Coaches Player of the Year
Earl Campbell – 1977
Freshman of the YearTop Quarterback
Colt McCoy – 2006
Offensive honors
Doak Walker AwardBest Running Back
Ricky Williams – 1997, 1998
Cedric Benson – 2004
D'Onta Foreman – 2016
Bijan Robinson – 2022
Jim Brown TrophyTop Running Back
Ricky Williams – 1997, 1998
Paul Warfield TrophyTop Wide Receiver
Jordan Shipley – 2009
Davey O'Brien AwardBest Quarterback
Vince Young – 2005
Colt McCoy – 2009
Johnny Unitas Golden Arm AwardOutstanding Senior Quarterback
Colt McCoy – 2009
Manning AwardBest Quarterback
Vince Young – 2005
Colt McCoy – 2009
Quarterback of the YearTop Quarterback
Colt McCoy – 2009
Coaching Honors
AFCA AwardCoach of the Year
Darrell Royal – 1963, 1970
Eddie Robinson AwardCoach of the Year
Darrell Royal – 1961, 1963
SN National Coach of the YearCoach of the Year
Darrell Royal – 1963, 1969
Paul "Bear" Bryant AwardCoach of the Year
Mack Brown – 2005
Bobby Dodd AwardCoach of the Year
Mack Brown – 2008
Broyles AwardBest Assistant Coach
Greg Davis – 2005
AFCA AwardAssistant Coach of the Year
Mac McWhorter – 2008
Defensive honors
Lombardi AwardBest Defensive Player
Kenneth Sims – 1981
Tony Degrate – 1984
Brian Orakpo – 2008
Nagurski TrophyTop Defensive Player
Derrick Johnson – 2004
Brian Orakpo – 2008
Outland TrophyTop Interior Lineman
Scott Appleton – 1963
Tommy Nobis – 1965
Brad Shearer – 1977
Dick Butkus AwardBest Linebacker
Derrick Johnson – 2004
Jack Lambert TrophyTop Linebacker
Derrick Johnson – 2004
Jim Thorpe AwardTop Defensive Back
Michael Huff – 2005
Aaron Ross – 2006
Ted Hendricks AwardTop Defensive End
Brian Orakpo – 2008
Jackson Jeffcoat – 2013
Ray Guy AwardTop Punter
Michael Dickson – 2017
Bill Willis TrophyTop Defensive Lineman
Brian Orakpo – 2008
UPI Lineman of the YearLineman of the Year
Scott Appleton – 1963
Kenneth Sims – 1981
Other honors
Draddy Trophy (Academic Heisman)Best On and Off Field Performance
Dallas Griffin – 2007
Sam Acho – 2010
Nils V. "Swede" Nelson AwardBest Sportsmanship
Pat Culpepper – 1962
Wuerffel TrophyAthletics, Academics, & Community Service
Sam Acho – 2010
Today's Top VIII AwardOutstanding Senior Student-Athletes
Kenneth Sims – 1982
Amos Alonzo Stagg AwardOutstanding Service for College Football
Dana X. Bible – 1954(Head Coach and Athletic Director)
Darrell Royal – 2010(Head Coach and Athletic Director)
Disney Spirit AwardCollege Football's Most Inspirational Figure
Nate Boyer – 2012
Conference awards
As of 2016, the Texas Longhorns have had 570 All-Conference Player selections since 1915, including 292 in the Southwest Conference and 278 in the Big 12 where Longhorn players have been named 78 times to the first team and 65 to the second team.
Big 12 Offensive Player of the Year
Ricky Williams, RB, 1997 & 1998
Major Applewhite, QB, 1999
Vince Young, QB, 2005
Colt McCoy, QB, 2009
Big 12 Offensive Freshman of the Year
Major Applewhite, QB, 1998
Roy Williams, WR, 2000
Cedric Benson, RB, 2001
Vince Young, QB, 2003
Jamaal Charles, RB, 2005
Colt McCoy, QB, 2006
Xavier Worthy, WR, 2021
Big 12 Offensive Lineman of the Year
Justin Blalock, 2006
Big 12 Defensive Lineman of the Year
Brian Orakpo, DL, 2008
Poona Ford, DL, 2017
Charles Omenihu, DL, 2018
Big 12 Defensive Player of the Year
Casey Hampton, DL, 2000
Derrick Johnson, LB, 2004
Aaron Ross, DB, 2006
Brian Orakpo, DL, 2008
Jackson Jeffcoat, DE, 2013
Malik Jefferson, LB, 2017
Big 12 Defensive Freshman of the Year
Cory Redding, DL, 1999
Derrick Johnson, LB, 2001
Rodrique Wright, DL, 2002
Brian Orakpo, DL, 2005
Quandre Diggs, DB, 2011
Malik Jefferson, LB, 2015
Caden Sterns, DB, 2018
Big 12 Special Teams Player of the Year
Michael Dickson, P, 2016 & 2017
Big 12 Coach of the Year
Mack Brown, 2005 & 2009
Longhorns in the NFL
351 Longhorns have been drafted into the NFL, including 44 in the 1st round., the Longhorns have 26 players active on NFL rosters.
Calvin Anderson, OT, Denver Broncos
Andrew Beck, TE/FB, Denver Broncos
Tarik Black, WR, New York Jets
Kris Boyd, CB, Minnesota Vikings
Sam Cosmi, OT, Washington Commanders
Michael Dickson, PT, Seattle Seahawks
Quandre Diggs, CB, Seattle Seahawks
Devin Duvernay, WR, Baltimore Ravens
Sam Ehlinger, QB, Indianapolis Colts
DeShon Elliott, FS, Detroit Lions
Poona Ford, DT, Seattle Seahawks
D'Onta Foreman, RB, Carolina Panthers
Marquise Goodwin, WR, Seattle Seahawks
Ta'Quon Graham, DT, Atlanta Falcons
Jordan Hicks, LB, Minnesota Vikings
Lil'Jordan Humphrey, WR, New England Patriots
Malik Jefferson, OLB, Dallas Cowboys
Collin Johnson, WR, New York Giants
Marcus Johnson, WR, New York Giants
Brandon Jones, FS, Miami Dolphins
P. J. Locke, SS, Denver Broncos
Colt McCoy, QB, Arizona Cardinals
Charles Omenihu, DE, San Francisco 49ers
Joseph Ossai, LB, Cincinnati Bengals
Adrian Phillips, S, New England Patriots
Hassan Ridgeway, DT, San Francisco 49ers
Malcolm Roach, DT, New Orleans Saints
Brenden Schooler, S, New England Patriots
Caden Sterns, S, Denver Broncos
Geoff Swaim, TE, Tennessee Titans
Josh Thompson, DB, Tennessee Titans
Justin Tucker, K, Baltimore Ravens
Connor Williams, OG, Miami Dolphins
College Football Hall of Fame inductees
Texas has had 21 players and three former coaches inducted into the Hall of Fame.
Uniforms
Colors
The 1893 team did not always wear orange. They also wore gold and white uniforms. In 1895, the Texas Athletic Association moved to orange and white colors. In 1897, the Association moved to orange and maroon to save cleaning costs. The Cactus Yearbook at the time listed the university colors as either gold or orange and white until the 1899 Cactus declared the university colors to be gold and maroon. Students at the university's medical branch in Galveston (UTMB) were in favor of royal blue. By 1899, a UT fan could have worn any of yellow, orange, white, red, maroon, or even blue.
The Board of Regents held an election in that year to decide the team colors. Students, faculty, staff and alumni were asked to vote. 1,111 votes were cast, with 562 in favor of orange and white. Orange and maroon received 310, royal blue 203, crimson 10, and royal blue and crimson 11. For the next 30 years, Longhorn teams wore bright orange on their uniforms, which faded to yellow by the end of the season. By the 1920s, other teams sometimes called the Longhorn squads "yellow bellies," a term that didn't sit well with the athletic department. In 1928, UT football coach Clyde Littlefield ordered uniforms in a darker shade of orange that wouldn't fade, which would later become known as "burnt orange" or "Texas orange." The dark-orange color was used until the dye became too expensive during the Great Depression, and the uniforms reverted to the bright orange for another two decades, until coach Darrell K Royal revived the burnt-orange color in the early 1960s.
For the 2009 Lone Star Showdown, the Longhorns wore a Nike Pro Combat uniform.
Helmets
From 1961 to 1962, the Longhorns' helmets featured the individual player's number on the side in burnt orange above the "Bevo" logo, which was also in burnt orange, with a large burnt-orange stripe down the middle of the helmet. The burnt-orange stripe was removed in 1963 and the helmet featured only the burnt-orange Bevo logo below the player's number, which was also in burnt orange. In 1967, the team abandoned the individual player's number above the logo, and moved the burnt-orange Bevo logo to the center of the helmet's side. With the exception of the 1969 season, this remained the team's helmet design until 1977. In 1969, the helmet design commemorated the 100th anniversary of the first college football game. The player's number was replaced by a large burnt-orange football above the Bevo logo. Inside the football was a white number "100" that indicated the anniversary year.
Traditions
The University of Texas is a tradition-rich school, and many of those traditions are associated with athletics events, especially football. Some Longhorn traditions include:
Bevo – the school mascot, a live Texas longhorn steer present for football games and other special events. It is a common misconception that the mascot's name came from Texas students altering a 13-0 branding a group of Aggies gave the steer. In actuality, Bevo received his name several months before the Aggies could vandalize the steer in a Texas alumni magazine. His name came from the slang term for a steer that is destined to become food, beeve, and in a common practice for the 00's and 10's, an "O" was added at the end, similar to Groucho or Harpo Marx.
Big Bertha – Claimed by the university to be the world's largest drum, however Purdue University makes a similar claim about their drum.
"The Eyes of Texas" – the school song, traditionally led by the Orange Jackets on the football field, sung to the tune of I've Been Working on the Railroad
Hook 'em Horns – the school hand signal, was introduced at a pep rally in 1955. Sports Illustrated featured the Hook 'em Horns symbol in front of a Texas pennant on the cover of their September 10, 1973 issue (pictured).
"Texas Fight" – the school fight song
Smokey the Cannon – fired in celebration on game day at the moment of kickoff and after Texas scores
The University of Texas Longhorn Band - nicknamed The Showband of the Southwest
The World's Largest Texas Flag is run on the field prior to home football games, bowl games, and other sporting events. It is also dropped from the President's Balcony during pep rallies. It is owned by the UT Alpha Rho chapter of Alpha Phi Omega.
Lighting the Tower (also known as the Main Building) in orange for various types of sporting victories. After National Championship victories, windows are lighted in the main building to display a large number "1".
Future non-conference opponents
Announced schedules as of February 13, 2020. This is subject to change based on Texas' future move to the SEC.
Notes and references
External links
American football teams established in 1893
1893 establishments in Texas |
17330808 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/41st%20Dogras | 41st Dogras | The 41st Dogras were an infantry regiment of the British Indian Army. They could trace their origins to 1900, when they were raised as the 41st (Dogra) Bengal Infantry.
They went to China in 1904 to join an international force, staying there until 1908. In World War I they served on the Western Front and in the Mesopotamia Campaign. There was a second battalion raised in 1917.
After World War I the Indian government reformed the army moving from single battalion regiments to multi battalion regiments. In 1922, the 41st Dogras now became the 3rd and 10th Battalions 17th Dogra Regiment. The regiment was allocated to the new Indian Army on independence.
Predecessor names
41st (Dogra) Bengal Infantry - 1900
41st Dogra Infantry - 1901
41st Dogras - 1903
References
Sources
Moberly, F.J. (1923). Official History of the War: Mesopotamia Campaign, Imperial War Museum.
British Indian Army infantry regiments
Military units and formations established in 1900
Military units and formations disestablished in 1922
Bengal Presidency |
6903030 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vic%20Bartolome | Vic Bartolome | Victor Hayden Bartolome (born September 29, 1948) is an American former professional basketball player. He played in college at the Oregon State University, and was drafted in the sixth round of the 1970 NBA draft by the Golden State Warriors. He played in 38 games for the Warriors through the 1971–72 season. He then played professional basketball in Livorno, Italy and on various teams in the Netherlands until retiring in 1979, after winning the Dutch national championship with Leiden.
References
External links
Database Basketball – Vic Bartolome stats
1948 births
Living people
American expatriate basketball people in Italy
American expatriate basketball people in the Netherlands
American men's basketball players
Basketball players from California
B.S. Leiden players
Centers (basketball)
Oregon State Beavers men's basketball players
San Francisco Warriors players
San Francisco Warriors draft picks
Sportspeople from Santa Barbara, California |
20467374 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Until%20They%20Sail | Until They Sail | Until They Sail is a 1957 American black-and-white CinemaScope drama film directed by Robert Wise and starring Jean Simmons, Joan Fontaine, Paul Newman, Piper Laurie, and Sandra Dee. The screenplay by Robert Anderson, based on a story by James A. Michener included in his 1951 anthology Return to Paradise, focuses on four New Zealand sisters and their relationships with U.S. Marines during World War II.
Plot
The film opens in a Christchurch courtroom, where testimony prompts Barbara Leslie to flashback to the events that led to the trial. She and her sisters Anne, Evelyn, and Delia live in Christchurch, where most of the male residents, including their brother Kit and Barbara's new husband Mark, are preparing to leave for World War II duty. Delia announces her engagement to Phil "Shiner" Friskett, who is one of the city's few remaining bachelors, but word of Kit's death dampens the celebration. Repressed and judgmental spinster sister Anne disapproves of the upcoming nuptials, but Barbara defends Delia's decision.
Within weeks of the marriage, the sisters come to resent Shiner's abuse and are happy to see him leave for active duty. Delia moves to Wellington to work for the New Zealand Navy. When several hundred U.S. Marines are shipped to Christchurch following the 1941 attack on Pearl Harbor, the lonely local women are flattered by the attention they pay them. When Evelyn invites Capt. Richard "Dick" Bates to dinner, he declines the offer, but not without attracting Anne's eye.
Concerned about Delia, Anne sends Barbara to Wellington, where she discovers her sister is registered at the St. George Hotel under her maiden name. Shiner is now a prisoner of war, and Delia has become involved with an American lieutenant named Andy. She plans to divorce Shiner and emigrate to the United States. Andy introduces Barbara to his friend Jack Harding, a Marine reviewing the backgrounds of prospective New Zealand brides of American soldiers. Although Barbara intends to remain faithful to her husband, she finds herself attracted to Jack.
Back in Christchurch, Anne is outraged by the lewd comments made by American servicemen in the lingerie shop where she works and writes a letter of complaint to the local paper. Following its publication, Dick is sent to the Leslie home to deliver a formal apology on behalf of the Marine Corps. Anne invites him to dinner, and Dick arrives with a gift of perfume for each sister. Anne accuses him of trying to seduce them.
Soon after, Barbara and Anne learn of Mark's death in North Africa and Dick's departure for active duty. He eventually returns to New Zealand to recuperate from an injury, and a romance between him and Anne blossoms. He proposes, but before the required marital investigation can take place, he is given offshore duty, leaving Anne expecting their child and unsure of what the future holds for them.
Jack arrives at the Leslie home to conduct his investigation of Anne, and he advises her that wartime romances stem from loneliness rather than love. Barbara tells him his assessment is heartless. Shortly after, she discovers Dick's name on the latest casualty list. Weeks later, Jack runs into Barbara at a local dance, where she suggests he uses alcohol to avoid intimacy. He breaks down in her arms, and a strong friendship between the two blossoms.
Jack celebrates Christmas Eve with the Leslie family, which now includes Anne's newborn son. When he announces his imminent departure, he and Barbara share an amorous embrace. Months later, Evelyn's sweetheart Tommy returns from war and proposes to her. Barbara sees an item from Richard's mother in the personals section of the newspaper, containing a request from Dick's mother to hear from any New Zealand family who knew her son. After Barbara writes to her, Dick's mother sends money to finance Anne and her baby's move to Oklahoma to live with their family.
The day of Anne's departure coincides with the Japanese announcing the end of hostilities. Delia has arrived in Wellington to see Anne off and to ask Shiner, recently rescued from a P.O.W. camp, for a divorce so she can leave for America with her latest lover. Infuriated, Shiner kills his wife with a Japanese sword he brought back from the war.
Weeks later, during the murder trial, Jack is forced to reveal his investigation report detailing Delia's seven affairs with American soldiers. Upset that her sister's infidelities seemingly have justified her savage murder, Barbara refuses Jack's invitation to leave New Zealand with him. Upon reflection, she packs her belongings and arrives at Jack's hotel to tell him she's ready to embark upon a new life with him.
Cast
Jean Simmons as Barbara Leslie Forbes
Joan Fontaine as Anne Leslie
Paul Newman as Capt. Jack Harding
Piper Laurie as Delia Leslie Friskett
Charles Drake as Capt. Richard Bates
Sandra Dee as Evelyn Leslie
Wally Cassell as Phil Friskett
Alan Napier as Prosecution Attorney
Ralph Votrian as Max Murphy
John Wilder as Tommy
Tige Andrews as US Marine #1 (store customer)
Adam Kennedy as Lt. Andy
Mickey Shaughnessy as US Marine #2 (store customer)
Music
The score for the film was composed and conducted by David Raksin. The title song included lyrics by Sammy Cahn and was performed under the main titles by vocalist Eydie Gorme.
The complete score was issued on CD in 2009, on Film Score Monthly records.
Production
Robert Wise and Mark Robson had originally purchased the rights for Michener's story when they were at RKO. Casting problems forced them to delay the filming when the rights went to Hecht-Hill-Lancaster Productions who were going to cast Burt Lancaster. When the company made The Kentuckian instead, MGM acquired the rights, first intending their contract lead Glenn Ford playing the lead Marine. Robert Wise then reacquired the film through MGM in his last film of his contract with the studio.
Wise visited New Zealand to familiarise himself with the nation and the people, but filmed the movie on the MGM back lot.
He had originally intended to shoot the film in colour.
It was Sandra Dee's first film. (The 1957 Soviet animated feature The Snow Queen is often listed as Dee's first film credit, because she and other Hollywood stars did the voices for the English-language version, but that English-language audio was not actually made until 1959.)
Stewart Granger was once announced for the lead.
Box office
According to MGM records the film earned $745,000 in the US and Canada and $675,000 elsewhere, resulting in a loss of $1,055,000.
Critical reception
Bosley Crowther of The New York Times observed, "The genuine tugs at the heart are few and far between in this bittersweet but basically restrained chronicle. Robert Anderson's adaptation . . . is honest and straightforward . . . Unfortunately there is a good deal of introspective soul-searching before this narrative arrives at its sad and happy endings."
William K. Zinsser of the New York Herald Tribune wrote that the film "has moments of genuine tenderness and truth."
See also
List of American films of 1957
List of films set in New Zealand
References
External links
1957 films
American World War II films
Films set in New Zealand
1950s English-language films
American black-and-white films
Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer films
CinemaScope films
Films about the United States Marine Corps
1957 drama films
Films based on short fiction
Films directed by Robert Wise
Films scored by David Raksin
Films based on works by James A. Michener
Films set on the home front during World War II
Christchurch in fiction |
17330811 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napoleon%20Community%20Schools | Napoleon Community Schools | Napoleon Community Schools is a public school district located in Napoleon, Michigan, approximately 7 miles South East of Jackson, Michigan. The district includes Napoleon High School, Ackerson Lake Alternative High School, Napoleon Middle School and Ezra Eby Elementary schools. The school services students from Napoleon and Norvell Townships, and some parts of Columbia and Grass Lake Townships.
History
Napoleon Community Schools were officially formed in 1921 after the passage of the Consolidated school act. Prior to the passage, many schools operated independently within Napoleon Township, dating back to at least 1909. In 2016, the school district went to the U.S. Supreme Court over not allowing access for a student's service dog in Fry v. Napoleon Community Schools.
Schools
Ezra Eby Elementary (K-5)
Napoleon Middle School (6–8)
Napoleon High School (9–12)
Ackerson Lake Alternative High School (9–12)
References
External links
School districts in Michigan
Education in Jackson County, Michigan
1921 establishments in Michigan
School districts established in 1921 |
23573406 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Administrator%20Superior%20of%20Wallis%20and%20Futuna | Administrator Superior of Wallis and Futuna | The Administrator Superior of Wallis and Futuna is the representative of the President of France in Wallis and Futuna. The current Administrator Superior is Hervé Jonathan, since 11 January 2021.
The post was created in 1961, after Wallis and Futuna become a French overseas territory. In 2003, the status was changed to that of an overseas collectivity.
For French representatives in Wallis and Futuna from 1887 until 1961, see: Resident of Wallis and Futuna.
List of administrators superior (1961–present)
See also
Wallis and Futuna
List of kings of Uvea
List of kings of Alo
List of kings of Sigave
References
External links
Politics of Wallis and Futuna |
23573412 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Repeal%20of%20Certain%20Laws%20Act%201772 | Repeal of Certain Laws Act 1772 | The Repeal of Certain Laws Act 1772 (12 Geo. III, c. 71) was an Act of the Parliament of Great Britain. It repealed statutes against forestallers and engrossers, including the Forestallers Act 1551.
Notes
Great Britain Acts of Parliament 1772 |
6903036 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igor%20Lolo | Igor Lolo | Igor Alexandre Lolo (born 22 July 1982) is an Ivorian former professional footballer who played as a defender.
Club career
Born in Adzopé, Ivory Coast, Lolo started his career with ASEC Mimosas where he was spotted by K.S.K. Beveren who gave him a contract to come and play in Belgium. He stayed there one season before leaving for FC Metalurh Donetsk. After one season in Donetsk, he chose to come back to Belgium and was signed by K.F.C. Germinal Beerschot. After two seasons with Beerschot, he went to KRC Genk. Lolo moved to FC Dnipro Dnipropetrovsk in September 2008 for €4 million, before signing a two-and-a-half-year deal with AS Monaco on 28 January 2009.
In the summer of 2013, Lolo signed a two-year contract with FC Rostov. Previously, he played for fellow Russian Premier League side Kuban Krasnodar, but had his contract with them terminated in April 2013.
In 2016, he joined Westerlo.
International career
Lolo received his first cap in the friendly match against Paraguay at Kirin Cup on 22 May 2008.
Career statistics
International
Source:
Honours
Club
ASEC Mimosas
Côte d'Ivoire Premier Division: 2003
Coupe de Côte d'Ivoire de football: 2003
Beveren
Belgian Cup: 2003-2004 runners-up
AS Monaco
Coupe de France: 2010 runners-up
Rostov
Russian Cup: 2013–14
International
Ivory Coast
Africa Cup of Nations: 2012 runners-up
References
External links
1982 births
Living people
People from Adzopé
Association football defenders
Ivorian footballers
ASEC Mimosas players
K.S.K. Beveren players
Beerschot A.C. players
K.R.C. Genk players
FC Dnipro players
FC Metalurh Donetsk players
AS Monaco FC players
FC Kuban Krasnodar players
FC Rostov players
Ligue 1 players
Belgian First Division A players
Russian Premier League players
Ukrainian Premier League players
Ivory Coast international footballers
Ivorian expatriate sportspeople in Belgium
Ivorian expatriate footballers
Expatriate footballers in Monaco
Expatriate footballers in Belgium
Expatriate footballers in Ukraine
Ivorian expatriate sportspeople in Ukraine
Expatriate footballers in Russia
2012 Africa Cup of Nations players
2013 Africa Cup of Nations players |
6903037 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jigawa%20ethanol%20programme | Jigawa ethanol programme | The Jigawa ethanol program is a program to produce ethanol from agricultural products in Jigawa, Nigeria. The ethanol programme was initiated by the Nigerian President, Olusegun Obasanjo, to process sugarcane into biofuel. Besides sugarcane, the Nigerian Government plans to start processing cassava as well.
External links
Jigawa to flag off ethanol programme, Vanguard, January 30, 2006
FG to make use of ethanol in fuel compulsory, Business Day, September 8, 2006
http://www.unep.org/cpi/briefs/2006Apr10.doc
Nigeria to create 1 million jobs in biofuels sector Biopact, April 7, 2006
Nigeria will use Brazilian blueprint to found its new biofuels industry Ecoworld, July 7, 2006
Natural Resources Incorporated homepage of the company investing in the project.
Ethanol fuel
Agriculture in Nigeria
Biofuel in Nigeria |
20467381 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overchoice | Overchoice | Overchoice or choice overload is a cognitive impairment in which people have a difficult time making a decision when faced with many options. The term was first introduced by Alvin Toffler in his 1970 book, Future Shock. This phenomenon in particular has come under some criticism due to increased scrutiny of scientific research related to the replication crisis and has not been adequately reproduced by subsequent research, thereby calling into question its validity.
Psychological process
The phenomenon of overchoice occurs when many equivalent choices are available. Making a decision becomes overwhelming due to the many potential outcomes and risks that may result from making the wrong choice. Having too many approximately equally good options is mentally draining because each option must be weighed against alternatives to select the best one. The satisfaction of choices by number of options available can be described by an inverted "U" model. In this model, having no choice results in very low satisfaction. Initially more choices lead to more satisfaction, but as the number of choices increases it then peaks and people tend to feel more pressure, confusion, and potentially dissatisfaction with their choice. Although larger choice sets can be initially appealing, smaller choice sets lead to increased satisfaction and reduced regret. Another component of overchoice is the perception of time. Extensive choice sets can seem even more difficult with a limited time constraint.
Examples of overchoice include increased college options, career options, and prospective romantic relationships. Many of these increased options can be attributed to modern technology. In today's society we have easy access to more information, products and opportunities.
Preconditions
Choice overload is not a problem in all cases, there are some preconditions that must be met before the effect can take place. First, people making the choice must not have a clear prior preference for an item type or category. When the choice-maker has a preference, the number of options has little impact on the final decision and satisfaction. Second, there must not be a clearly dominant option in the choice set, meaning that all options must be perceived of equivalent quality. One option cannot stand out as being better from the rest. The presence of a superior option and many less desirable options will result in a more satisfied decision. Third, there is a negative relationship between choice assortment (quantity) and satisfaction only in people less familiar with the choice set. This means that if the person making a choice has expertise in the subject matter, they can more easily sort through the options and not be overwhelmed by the variety.
Psychological implications
Decision-makers in large choice situations enjoy the decision process more than those with smaller choice sets, but feel more responsible for their decisions. Despite this, more choices result with more dissatisfaction and regret in decisions. The feeling of responsibility causes cognitive dissonance when presented with large array situations. In this situation, cognitive dissonance results when there is a mental difference between the choice made and the choice that should have been made. More choices lead to more cognitive dissonance because it increases the chance that the decision-maker made the wrong decision. These large array situations cause the chooser to feel both enjoyment as well as feel overwhelmed with their choices. These opposing emotions contribute to cognitive dissonance, and causes the chooser to feel less motivated to make a decision. This also disables them from using psychological processes to enhance the attractiveness of their own choices.
The amount of time allotted to make a decision also has an effect on an individual's perception of their choice. Larger choice sets with a small amount of time results in more regret with the decision. When more time is provided, the process of choosing is more enjoyable in large array situations and results in less regret after the decision has been made.
Reversal when choosing for others
Choice overload is reversed when people choose for another person. Polman has found that overload is context dependent: choosing from many alternatives by itself is not demotivating.
Polman found that it is not always a case of whether choices differ for the self and others at risk, but rather “according to a selective focus on positive and negative information."
Evidence shows there is a different regulatory focus for others compared to the self in decision-making. Therefore, there may be substantial implications for a variety of psychological processes in relation to self-other decision-making.
Among personal decision-makers, a prevention focus is activated and people are more satisfied with their choices after choosing among few options compared to many options, i.e. choice overload. However, individuals experience a reverse choice overload effect when acting as proxy decision-makers.
In an economic setting
The psychological phenomenon of overchoice can most often be seen in economic applications. There are limitless products currently on the market. Having more choices, such as a vast amount of goods and services available, appears to be appealing initially, but too many choices can make decisions more difficult. According to Miller (1956), a consumer can only process seven items at a time. After that the consumer would have to create a coping strategy to make an informed decision. This can lead to consumers being indecisive, unhappy, and even refrain from making the choice (purchase) at all. Alvin Toffler noted that as the choice turns to overchoice, "freedom of more choices" becomes the opposite—the "unfreedom". Often, a customer makes a decision without sufficiently researching his choices, which may often require days. When confronted with too many choices especially under a time constraint, many people prefer to make no choice at all, even if making a choice would lead to a better outcome.
The existence of over choice, both perceived and real, is supported by studies as early as the mid-1970s. Numbers of various brands, from soaps to cars, have been steadily rising for over half a century. In just one example—different brands of soap and detergents—the numbers of choices offered by an average US supermarket went from 65 in 1950, through 200 in 1963, to over 360 in 2004. The more choices tend to increase the time it requires to make a decision.
Variety and complexity
There are two steps involved in making a choice to purchase. First, the consumer selects an assortment. Second, the consumer chooses an option within the assortment. Variety and complexity vary in their importance in carrying out these steps successfully, resulting in the consumer deciding to make a purchase.
Variety is the positive aspect of assortment. When selecting an assortment during the perception stage, the first stage of deciding, consumers want more variety.
Complexity is the negative aspect of assortment. Complexity is important for the second step in making a choice—when a consumer needs to choose an option from an assortment. When making a choice for an individual item within an assortment, too much variety increases complexity. This can cause a consumer to delay or opt out of making a decision.
Images are processed as a whole when making a purchasing decision. This means they require less mental effort to be processed which gives the consumer a sense that the information is being processed faster. Consumers prefer this visual shortcut to processing, termed "visual heuristic" by Townsend, no matter how big the choice set size. Images increase our perceived variety of options. As previously stated, variety is good when making the first step of choosing an assortment. On the other hand, verbal descriptions are processed in a way that the words that make up a sentence are perceived individually. That is, our minds string words along to develop our understanding. In larger choice sets where there is more variety, perceived complexity decreases when verbal descriptions are used.
See also
Analysis paralysis
Buyer's remorse
Choice architecture
Information overload
Market cannibalism
Satisficing
The Paradox of Choice: Why More Is Less, a 2004 book by Barry Schwartz
Tyranny of small decisions
References
Further reading
Schwartz, Barry (2004). "Choice overload burdens daily life". USA Today.
Sociological terminology
Cognitive psychology
Consumer behaviour
Decision theory |
6903041 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tatyana%20Shchelkanova | Tatyana Shchelkanova | Tatyana Shchelkanova (, 18 April 1937 – 24 November 2011) was a Soviet long jumper, sprinter and pentathlete who won a bronze medal in the long jump at the 1964 Olympics. In 1961 she set a world record at 6.48 m and extended it to 6.53 m in 1962 to and 6.70 m in 1964. However, in the Olympic final she only managed 6.42 m, while the winner Mary Rand broke the world record at 6.76 m. Shchelkanova won two European titles in the long jump, in 1962 and 1966 (indoor).
Shchelkanova won five gold (long jump in 1961, 1963 and 1965; 100 m in 1961; and pentathlon in 1965) and one silver medal (80 hurdles in 1963) at the Summer Universiade, as well as 10 national titles in the long jump (1961–66), 4 × 100 m relay (1961-63), and pentathlon (1963). After retiring from competitions she headed a department at the St. Petersburg State University of Telecommunications.
References
External links
Tatyana Shchelkanova's obituary
1937 births
2011 deaths
Russian female long jumpers
Russian heptathletes
Soviet female long jumpers
Soviet heptathletes
Burevestnik (sports society) athletes
Olympic bronze medalists for the Soviet Union
Athletes (track and field) at the 1964 Summer Olympics
Olympic athletes of the Soviet Union
European Athletics Championships medalists
Medalists at the 1964 Summer Olympics
Olympic bronze medalists in athletics (track and field)
Universiade medalists in athletics (track and field)
Universiade gold medalists for the Soviet Union
Universiade silver medalists for the Soviet Union
Medalists at the 1961 Summer Universiade
Medalists at the 1963 Summer Universiade
Medalists at the 1965 Summer Universiade |
20467404 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Defensor%20minor | Defensor minor | The Defensor minor is a work by Marsilius of Padua written around 1342. The Defensor minor is a restatement and defense of Marsilius's best known work, the Defensor pacis.
The text discusses civil and ecclesiastical jurisdiction, the confession, penance, indulgences, the Crusades, pilgrimages, plenitudo potestatis, legislative power, the origin of the sovereignty, wedding, and divorce.
Civil jurisdiction
With regard to jurisdiction, Marsilius distinguishes between divine and human laws, the first event which is independent of any human will and on the conduct of man in view of the afterlife, the second which determines the will of the people, endowed with coercive power and not modifiable by any clergyman.
This applies also to the Pope that even with his decrees may waive the law, manifestation of the people's sovereignty. While the beneficiaries of the two laws are identical, its object and purpose are different. The one seeks the good of the soul and the other cares for earthly well-being, with the result that the church is denied the power to make laws, even in the persistent silence of human legislation. The same applies to amendments and changes, which should remain solely with the people. The only thing that is relevant to the clergy is the non-legal rules that affect morality and resolve themselves into simple counsels and take effect with counsellors.
The clergy
The task and the main function of the clergy is to teach the sacred texts and preparing souls for the afterlife. The Church has repeatedly stated that for the sinner there is no other system of redemption from sin but confession. Marsilius, in an effort to bring man to God, regardless of any broker, says that confession should be done directly to God and that salvation comes only by true repentance. This anticipates what will be one of the tenets of Protestantism. The necessity of this Sacrament, that is only recommended and not required, is not detected from the Holy Scriptures. Only sincere repentance to the outside of any denominational can give that peace in the soul that is the prelude of eternal salvation. Absolution from sin belongs only to God and the priest, who may do so, does so only within the Church. Sufficit soli Deo confiteri peccata ipsa, videlicet recognoscendo, et de ipsis poenitendo cum proposito talia alterius non committendi.
These words can be regarded as harbingers of what will be the principles of the Lutheran Reformation.
Marsilio does not exclude absolutely confession: he says only that it is useful but not essential, which it would be if it were a precept, therefore he also denies the priestly power to inflict penalties.
Only contrition frees from sin, not repentance of any material or spiritual character almost like a compensation for the sin.
Indulgences
Votes
Excommunication
"Plenitudo Potestatis" - papal jurisdiction
The Ecumenical Council
Divorce
References
Medieval literature
Political philosophy |
20467412 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irving%20P.%20Krick | Irving P. Krick | Irving P. Krick (1906 – June 20, 1996) was an American meteorologist and inventor, the founding professor of Department of Meteorology at California Institute of Technology (1933–1948), one of the U.S. Air Force meteorologists who provided forecasts for the Normandy Landings in 1944, a controversial pioneer of long-term forecasting and cloud seeding, and "a brilliant American salesman" who in 1938 started the first private weather business in the United States.
Early years
Krick was born in San Francisco in 1906. He attended college at the University of California at Berkeley, achieving a bachelor's degree in physics. However, his first career aspiration was music. Krick was an accomplished pianist and pursued music professionally but found it financially unrewarding. While still in his early twenties he worked at the radio station and at a stock brokerage – until the Wall Street Crash of 1929. Finally, working for an airline and advice from his brother-in-law, Horace Byers, an MIT graduate, helped him find his true interest in weather.
Caltech
Around 1930, he began studying at the California Institute of Technology in the Department of Aeronautics, which provided only a few courses in meteorology, notably by Beno Gutenberg (atmospheric structure) and Theodore von Kármán (aeronautics), Krick's advisors in his doctoral studies. Caltech offered the first dedicated meteorology class in the 1933–34 season. Krick made his name known by a controversial paper asserting that the 1933 crash of USS Akron was a direct consequence of a mistaken forecast by the Weather Bureau. Krick's paper was instrumental to von Kármán's work explaining the actual cause of Akron disaster; he was also instrumental in determining the cause of the USS Macon crash in 1935. These publications brought Krick to the attention of the US Air Force; Krick befriended Air Force chief Hap Arnold, then a colonel stationed at March Field not far from Caltech.
Krick completed his doctoral degree in 1934 and remained at Caltech as an instructor. In 1937 he helped found the school's meteorology department and became its head. The department was unique in its commercial focus on the needs of profitable industries, including not just aviation, but almost anyone willing to pay, including the movie industry, for which Krick famously forecast the weather for the burning of Atlanta in Gone With The Wind. Krick was determined about making money; "weather forecasting was his product line, although, like many a great salesmen, his number one product was himself". He then stayed as a professor, offering a special curriculum for Arnold's nascent Air Force Weather Service.
Caltech terminated the meteorology department in 1948. In response, Krick left the school to start his own firm, taking with him most of the department staff.
World War II
With the outbreak of World War II Arnold recruited Krick into the United States Army Air Corps. Krick prevailed over other, scientifically inclined meteorologists: while they searched for causes of natural phenomena, Krick relied on analyzing historic patterns and cycles. He reused old weather maps that resembled current situation, arguing that future weather developments will most likely follow the recorded patterns - the same "weather typing" that brought him commissions from Hollywood studios. Critics called Krick's methods "canned memory". The primitive methods and aggressive salesmanship made Krick an enemy of scientific elite like George Cressman and Carl-Gustaf Rossby and Weather Bureau chief Francis W. Reichelderfer, who detested Krick as a "smug, supremely self-confident self-promoter". However, with Arnold's backing Krick was nearly invincible.
In 1944 Krick was engaged in meteorology support for the upcoming Allied Normandy Landings (see Weather forecasting for Operation Overlord), along with rival weather services from the United Kingdom. On May 28 Sverre Petterssen, a Norwegian meteorologist in British service, raised concerns that a coming storm would break out on June 2 and interfere with the landings planned on June 5. Krick argued to the contrary, asserting that there was no need to postpone the offensive – he envisaged nothing but continuously quiet weather over the following five days. Krick based his confidence on studies of 50 years of recorded weather; he was certain that the English Channel would be protected by the Azores High, a pressure pattern dominating over the eastern Atlantic. Unusually, as time passed by the uncertainties of the vital weather forecast did not dissolve, and consequently tension between Krick and Petterssen increased further. Finally, on June 3, Colonel Donald Yates (deputy to chief meteorologist James Stagg), a former student of Krick and one of the few people who could handle him, intervened in the rivalry and persuaded the Allied meteorologists to produce a joint weather forecast. In the end, Petterssen's opinion prevailed; despite Krick's initial objection, the landings were delayed by one day, saving the troops from a major disaster.
The controversy was fictionalised in the 2014 play Pressure by David Haig, with Krick appearing as a central character; the play however does not make reference to Petterssen's role, instead making an uncompromising Stagg the hero who, by persuading Eisenhower that he was right and Krick wrong, saved countless lives by insisting that the landing be postponed by a day.
Post-war practice
After leaving Caltech, Krick continued offering commercial long-term weather forecasts. He also added the service of cloud seeding, forcing precipitation in drought-affected areas.
In summer of 1948 Krick performed the first series of 27 airborne cloud seeding tests over central Arizona, dropping up to of ice particles on each flight. Indeed, the seeded clouds released rain, raising water levels in local reservoirs. The "rain makers" admitted that the result had other, natural, causes, but in a year that was one of the driest on record it was a significant success. Financially, the volume of water added by Krick's experiment cost only $2.50, compared to $14 going rate. In December 1949 Krick suggested cloud seeding without resorting to airborne devices; his proposal employed ground-based smoke generators dispersing vaporized silver iodide. A single smoke dispenser set, asserted Krick, could be moved by two wheelbarrows; it theoretically provided cloud-seeding particles for an area of . Tests demonstrated a fourfold increase in precipitation. By 1951 his cloud-seeding business had 120 employees and had been hired to seed clouds over in the western United States as well as parts of Mexico and San Salvador.
However, the American meteorological establishment opposed his practice, asserting his methods of cloud seeding were bogus and the weather could not be forecast for more than five days in the future. Krick decided to offer his long term forecasting to the Weather Bureau, but they too did not believe in his methods, so he started a private business. He successfully proved his basic premises, making a substantial profit from forecasts and weather making. Krick's practice caught the eye of many famous figures, and he was hired to forecast the weather for presidential inaugurations and movie shoots. He garnered attention in 1957 when his prediction of sunny weather for President Eisenhower's second inauguration, made 17 days before the event, came true. Of his most notable achievements, Dr. Krick also made rain in Israel after a severe drought, made it stop hailing in Alberta, Canada, and made enough snow for the 1960 Winter Olympics to take place.
During the mid-sixties, Irving P. Krick & Associates operated a successful cloud seeding operation in the area around Calgary, Alberta. This utilized both aircraft and ground-based generators that pumped silver iodide into the atmosphere in an attempt to reduce the threat of hail damage. Ralph Langeman, Lynn Garrison, and Stan McLeod, all ex-members of the RCAF, attending the University of Alberta, spent their summers flying hail suppression. A number of surplus Harvard aircraft were fitted with racks under each wing containing 32 railroad fuzees that were impregnated with silver iodide. These could be ignited individually or all at once, depending upon the threat. In coordination with ground units, the aircraft would lay a plume of silver iodide in front of approaching cumulonimbus clouds with noticeable effect. Large, active CBs were reduced to nothing. Heavy hail storms were reduced in intensity.
This effective program was funded by farmer contributions and government grants. The program was run each summer and did much to reduce crop damage by hail, otherwise the farm community would not have continued to finance the project.
In 1990 Krick sold his weather business to Strategic Weather Services, remaining with that company as chairman emeritus until his 1996 death from heart failure.
References
Fourth edition: Crest Publishers, 1997.
MIT Press.
MacMillan.
Notes
Bibliography
American meteorologists
1906 births
1996 deaths
California Institute of Technology faculty
California Institute of Technology alumni
University of California, Berkeley alumni
People from San Francisco
Scientists from California |
6903046 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Pierre%20Bacri | Jean-Pierre Bacri | Jean-Pierre Bacri (24 May 1951 – 18 January 2021) was a French actor and screenwriter.
He frequently worked in collaboration with Agnès Jaoui.
Life and career
One of Bacri's earliest film appearances was Subway. He co-wrote with Jaoui Smoking/No Smoking, and co-wrote and starred in Un air de famille, On connaît la chanson, for which he won a César Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role in 1998, The Taste of Others and Look at Me. Together, he and Jaoui have won the César Award for Best Writing four times, the Best Screenplay Award at the 2004 Cannes Film Festival and the European Film Awards, and the René Clair Award in 2001.
He died of cancer in 2021 at the age of 69.
Filmography
As screenwriter
1977: Tout simplement
1978: Le Timbre
1979: Le Doux visage de l'amour (Prix de la fondation de la vocation)
1992: Cuisine et dépendances
1992: Smoking / No Smoking
1996: Un air de famille
1997: On connaît la chanson (Same Old Song)
2000: The Taste of Others (Le Goût des autres)
2004: Comme une image (Look at Me)
2008: Parlez-moi de la pluie (Let's Talk about the Rain)
As actor
1978: Le goût étrange de Juliette
1979: L'éblouissement (TV) - Jean-Pierre
1979: Le Toubib - L'anesthésiste
1979: Thanatos Palace Hôtel (TV) - Jean Monnier
1980: Le fourbe de Séville (TV) - Octavio
1980: La Vénus d'Ille (TV) - Alphonse
1980: La femme intégrale - Léonardo l'italien
1980: L'Aéropostale, courrier du ciel (TV series) - Beauregard
1981: Le cocu magnifique (TV) - Petrus
1981: Henri IV (TV) - Landolf
1982: Le Grand Pardon directed by Alexandre Arcady - Jacky Azoulay
1982: Au théâtre ce soir : Histoire de rire (TV) - Gérard
1983: Coup de foudre - Costa
1983: Édith et Marcel
1984: La Septième Cible - inspecteur Daniel Esperanza
1984: Batailles (TV)
1985: Subway directed by Luc Besson - inspecteur Batman
1985: Escalier C - Bruno
1985: On ne meurt que deux fois - barman
1986: Chère canaille - Francis Lebovic
1986: La galette du roi - L'élégant
1986: Suivez mon regard - L'ami des singes
1986: États d'âme - Romain
1986: Mort un dimanche de pluie - David Briand
1986: Rue du départ - homme à la BMW
1987: Sale temps - (voix)
1987: L'été en pente douce directed by Gérard Krawczyk - Stéphane Leheurt (Fane)
1988: Les Saisons du plaisir directed by Jean-Pierre Mocky - Jacques
1988: Bonjour l'angoisse - Desfontaines
1989: Mes meilleurs copains - Eric Guidolini (Guido)
1990: La Baule-les-Pins (film) directed by Diane Kurys - Léon
1991: - Roussel
1992: - L'homme à la rayure
1992: L'homme de ma vie - Malcolm
1993: Cuisine et dépendances - Georges
1994: Perle rare
1994: Bazooka (film)
1994: La Cité de la peur directed by Alain Berbérian - projectionniste #2
1996: Un air de famille directed by Cédric Klapisch - Henri
1997: La méthode - Paul
1997: Didier directed by Alain Chabat - Jean-Pierre Costa
1997: On connaît la chanson directed by Alain Resnais - Nicolas
1998: Un dimanche matin à Marseille : Béranger - Béranger
1998: Place Vendôme directed by Nicole Garcia - Jean-Pierre
1999: Peut-être - le père
1999: Kennedy et moi directed by Sam Karmann - Simon Polaris
2000: The Taste of Others (Le Goût des autres) directed by Agnès Jaoui - Castella
2002: Asterix & Obelix: Mission Cleopatra - (la voix du commentateur langouste)
2002: Une femme de ménage directed by Claude Berri - Jacques
2003: Les Sentiments directed by Noémie Lvovsky - Jacques
2004: Comme une image directed by Agnès Jaoui - Etienne Cassard
2006: Selon Charlie directed by Nicole Garcia
2008: Parlez-moi de la pluie (Let's Talk about the rain)
2012: Looking for Hortense
2013: Under the Rainbow
2015: The Very Private Life of Mister Sim
2016: Tout de suite maintenant
2017: C'est la vie!
2018: Place publique directed by Agnes Jaoui - Castro
References
External links
1951 births
2021 deaths
20th-century French male actors
21st-century French male actors
Best Supporting Actor César Award winners
European Film Award for Best Screenwriter winners
French male film actors
French male screenwriters
French male television actors
French people of Algerian-Jewish descent
20th-century French screenwriters
Jewish French male actors
People from Bou Ismaïl
Pieds-Noirs
20th-century French male writers
21st-century French screenwriters
21st-century French male writers
Cannes Film Festival Award for Best Screenplay winners |
20467421 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dean%20of%20Norwich | Dean of Norwich | The Dean of Norwich is the head of the Chapter of Norwich Cathedral in Norwich, England. The role is vacant since Jane Hedges' retirement on 1 May 2022.
List of deans
Early modern
1538–1539 William Castleton (last prior)
1539–1554 John Salisbury (deprived)
1554–1557 John Christopherson (afterwards Bishop of Chichester, 1557)
1557–1558 John Boxall (also Dean of Windsor, 1557–59 and Dean of Peterborough, 1557–1559) (deprived)
1558–1559 John Harpsfield (also Archdeacon of London, 1554–1559) (deprived)
1560–1573 John Salisbury (restored)
1573–1589 George Gardiner
1589–1601 Thomas Dove (afterwards Bishop of Peterborough, 1601)
1601–1603 John Jegon (afterwards Bishop of Norwich, 1603)
1603–1614 George Montgomery (afterwards Bishop of Raphoe, 1605)
1614–1628 Edmund Suckling
1628–1654 John Hassal (deprived – Commonwealth)
1660–1670 John Crofts
1670–1681 Herbert Astley
1681–1689 John Sharp (afterwards Dean of Canterbury, 1689)
1689–1702 Henry Fairfax
1702–1714 Humphrey Prideaux
1724–1730 Thomas Cole
1731–1733 Robert Butts (afterwards Bishop of Norwich, 1733)
1733–1739 John Baron
1739–1761 Thomas Bullock
1761–1765 Hon. Edward Townshend
1765–1790 Philip Lloyd
Late modern
1790–1828 Joseph Turner
1828–1866 George Pellew
1866–1889 Meyrick Goulburn
1889–1909 William Lefroy
1909–1911 Henry Wakefield (afterwards Bishop of Birmingham, 1911)
1911–1919 Henry Beeching
1919–1927 John Willink
1927–1946 David Cranage
1946–1952 St Barbe Holland
1953–1969 Norman Hook
1970–1978 Alan Webster (afterwards Dean of St Paul's, 1978)
1978–1983 David Edwards (afterwards Provost of Southwark, 1983)
1983–1995 Paul Burbridge
1995–2003 Stephen Platten (afterwards Bishop of Wakefield, 2003)
2004–29 September 2013 (ret.) Graham Smith
21 June 20141 May 2022 (ret.): Jane Hedges
28 January 2023 onwards (announced): Andrew Braddock
Sources
British History Online – An Essay towards a Topographical History of the County of Norfolk: Volume 3: The History of the City and County of Norwich, Part I – Deans of Norwich
British History Online – Fasti Ecclesiae Anglicanae 1541–1857 – Deans of Norwich
References
Norwich
Dean of Norwich |
6903063 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingmaker%20%28disambiguation%29 | Kingmaker (disambiguation) | A kingmaker is a person who can influence the selection of a monarch, without themself being a candidate for the (perhaps) figurative throne.
Kingmaker may also refer to:
Games
Kingmaker (board game) (1974), set in (English) Wars of the Roses
Kingmaker (video game), a 1994 strategy video game based on the board game
Neverwinter Nights: Kingmaker, a 2004 expansion pack for BioWare's Neverwinter Nights
Pathfinder: Kingmaker, a 2018 video game by Owlcat Games
Television
King Maker (TVB) (2012), TVB drama
Kingmaker: The Change of Destiny, a 2020 South Korean television series
"Kingmaker" (Law & Order) (2006), episode of NBC drama
"The Kingmaker" (The Blacklist) (2014), episode
King Maker (ViuTV) (2018-), ViuTV survival reality show series
Good Night Show - King Maker (2018), the first season of the series
Music
Kingmaker (band) (1990s), British indie rock
Kingmaker (album), a 2016 album by Pretty Maids
Kingmaker (song) (2013), by American band Megadeth from Super Collider
In cinema
The Kingmaker (film) a 2019 documentary film
The King Maker, a 2005 Thai film
Kingmaker (film), 2021 a South Korean political drama film
Other uses
The Kingmaker (audio drama) a (2006), Doctor Who audio drama
King Maker (novel) (2010), urban fantasy, by Maurice Broaddus
Kingmaker (comics), Marvel character related to X-Men
See also
Kingmaker scenario, in games, a situation where a losing player has the power to select the winner |
20467427 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shadow%20Force%20%28film%29 | Shadow Force (film) | Shadow Force is a 1992 American film. It was filmed in the San Antonio area of Texas and was released straight to video.
Plot
In the fictional town of Norman, close to San Antonio, the local police is composed of professional assassins. With one exception, the police chief down to the dispatcher are all on the payroll of a local racketeer who makes use of these paid killers to dispose of zealous law enforcement officials opposed to his operations. When the last remaining honorable member of the force (Glenn Corbett) is killed, his brother-in-law (Dirk Benedict), a homicide detective from an unidentified city in Kansas begins an investigation of his own.
Cast
Dirk Benedict as Detective Rick Kelly
Lise Cutter as Mary Denton
Lance LeGault as Norman Police Chief Thorpe
Dixie K. Wade as Maggie
Steve Carlson as Mike Gorman
Julius Tennon as Ron Fuller
Bob Hastings as Norman Mayor Talbert
Danny Spear as Sam Johnson
Rey David Pena as Emilio Vela
Glenn Corbett as Al Finch Sr.
External links
Shadow Force IMDB
1992 direct-to-video films
1992 films
Films set in Texas
Films shot in San Antonio
1992 action films
American action films
1990s English-language films
1990s American films |
6903069 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logos%20Bible%20Software | Logos Bible Software | Logos Bible Software is a digital library application developed by Faithlife Corporation.It is designed for electronic Bible study. In addition to basic eBook functionality, it includes extensive resource linking, note-taking functionality, and linguistic analysis for study of the Bible both in translation and in its original languages.
History
Windows and Macintosh versions
Logos Bible Software was launched in 1992 by two Microsoft employees, Bob Pritchett and Kiernon Reiniger, along with Bob's father, Dale Pritchett. The three quit their jobs to develop Christian software. After acquiring data from the CDWordLibrary project at Dallas Theological Seminary (an earlier Bible software package for use on Windows 2), Logos released an updated version called the Logos Library System platform in 1995.
Mobile versions
An iPhone app was released alongside Logos 4 in November 2009.
An Android app was released in 2012. The initial release allowed little more than the reading of Logos books, so version 2.0 followed quickly in August 2012, which added notes, highlighting, reading plans, Bible Word Study, the Passage Guide and a split-screen view. This brought much closer parity with the iOS app.
Rebranded versions
Faithlife Corporation has also produced rebranded versions of Logos Bible Software with almost identical functionality. Verbum Catholic Software is aimed at Roman Catholics (and adds databases of Catholic topics and Saints, and more data from the Deuterocanonical Books). From 2014 to 2020, Faithlife produced Noet, which focused on scholarly work in the humanities, particularly the classics and philosophy.
Reception
It has been praised for being user-friendly, having the largest number of available resources of any comparable software, and offering unique tools and datasets not found in any comparable products. However, it has also received some criticisms for its high cost and lack of speed when compared with other Bible software packages.
Notes
References
External links
Logos Bible Software official websites:
Logos
Verbum
Electronic Bibles
Electronic publishing
Digital library software |
17330813 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ENSCO%2C%20Inc. | ENSCO, Inc. | ENSCO is a provider of engineering, science, and advanced technology equipment for the defense, security, transportation, and aerospace industries. ENSCO's corporate headquarters are physically located in Ravensworth, Virginia, with a Springfield postal address.
The company manufactured the track geometry cars for the Washington Metro.
The company is the designer and operator of Applied Meteorology Unit at the Kennedy Space Center for NASA.
Products and services
The company operates four divisions: rail technology, national security, avionics, and aerospace.
The company provides products for security and early-warning systems, including a product designed to detect human presence in intermodal containers and in vehicles. In the area of CBRN defense, the company has produced an early-warning decision and support system using integrated sensor technologies.
ENSCO's avionics and aerospace products and services include those for space launch ranges, air safety, the development of embedded software, and the certification of avionics systems. The company does safety-critical systems engineering to identify underperforming or nonperforming components for the aerospace industry. The company's engineering for the aerospace industry adheres to the RTCA, Radio Technical Commission for Aeronautics' DO-178C (Software Considerations in Airborne Systems and Equipment Certification), RTCA's DO-254, (Design Assurance Guidance for Airborne Electronic Hardware), RTCA's DO-160E (Environmental Conditions and Test Procedures for Airborne Equipment), and US military standards.
The company's weather technologies division provides analysis and visualization of meteorological information, including radar, satellite, lightning, wind, and upper air data from worldwide sources. The firm provides analytical services to operations at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station and the Kennedy Space Center.
ENSCO's transportation engineering services include systems for railroads, advanced rail security and safety services and technologies including track inspection and maintenance, track geometry data analysis and management, vehicle testing, inspection, troubleshooting, and train status location information. The company operates and maintains the Federal Railroad Administration's Automated Track Inspection Program.
History
The company was established by Dr. Paul W. Broome in 1969.
In 1982, Francesco A. Calabrese became president of the company.
In 1997, Broome retired as chief executive officer of the company.
In 2005, the company was hired by United Airlines to generate weather forecasts.
Also in 2005, the company opened an office in Watervliet, New York.
In 2011, the company opened an office in Montreal, its first international operation, to service the avionics market.
In April 2011, the company acquired the IData and IGL 178 product lines from Quantum3D.
In April 2013, the company was awarded a contract by Bombardier to provide wheel sets and testing services in support of Bombardier's design and build of new railcars for the San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit District.
In October 2014, Boris Nejikovsky was named president of the company.
In July 2015, the company received a contract to build a track inspection vehicle for Roy Hill Infrastructure in Western Australia. The company also received a contract to equip two Canadian National Railway hi-rail vehicles with both a track geometry measurement system and a machine vision joint bar inspection system.
In August 2015, the company was awarded a contract by Genesee & Wyoming for a paperless track inspection device.
In January 2016, the company opened an office in Perth.
In March 2017, the company was awarded a $74 million contract by the United States Air Force to provide modeling software and engineering support.
In April 2017, the company was awarded a contract by the Federal Railroad Administration for the Automated Track Inspection Program.
In January 2018, Paul W. Broome, the founder of the company, died.
In March 2021 ENSCO was awarded a US$571 million contract to manage the Transportation Technology Center (TTC) in Pueblo, Colorado; the transition from the former contractor, Transportation Technology Center, Inc., is expected to be completed by October 2022. The contract has a five-year base period and three five-year renewal options. ENSCO also announced the formation of the Center for Surface Transportation Testing and Academic Research (C-STTAR) consortium, including eight universities and academic research centers, to assist with research "across all modes of surface transportation" at TTC. Other members of the C-STTAR consortium include:
Center for Urban Transportation Research (at University of South Florida, consortium lead)
Colorado State University–Pueblo
University of Hawaii
Michigan State University
Michigan Tech
Mineta Transportation Institute (at San Jose State University)
University of Nebraska
Oregon State University
Corporate affairs
The corporate headquarters are physically located in the Ravensworth census-designated place in unincorporated Fairfax County, Virginia, with a Springfield postal address.
The headquarters were formerly physically located in Annandale CDP in unincorporated Fairfax County, with a Falls Church postal address.
Notes
1969 establishments in Virginia
Aerospace companies of the United States
Companies based in Fairfax County, Virginia
Construction and civil engineering companies established in 1969
Defense companies of the United States
Engineering companies of the United States
Falls Church, Virginia
Privately held companies based in Virginia
Transport safety organizations |
6903072 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jed%20Water | Jed Water | The Jed Water is a river and a tributary of the River Teviot in the Borders region of Scotland.
In total the Jed Water is over long and it falls . It flows into the Teviot near Jedfoot Bridge () two miles north of Jedburgh. Jed Water rises from a source on Carlin Tooth in the Cheviot Hills where it is first known as Raven Burn.
Description
The river in past times was the main source of water for the monks living in Jedburgh Abbey. It also powered a watermill in the town of Jedburgh although this no longer exists. It gives its name to Jedburgh and Jedforest. In the 1800s it had trout in the river. The Ordnance gazetteer said Jed Water "in the parts immediately above the town of Jedburgh ... more of the elements of fine landscape than during a whole day's ride in the most favourite Scottish haunts of tourists." The guide drew attention to the pure waters, the brisk currents, the steep landscapes and the contrasts which it thought picturesque.
The name Jed is of obscure origin. James has suggested that it may derive from Proto-Indo-European *wei(h1)- d- "a bend, something curved or twisted". He also notes that Scots Gedde- in Jedburgh may have been adopted from Cumbric gwï:δ "a wood", and that the river name may be a back-formation.
In 1787 James Hutton created modern geology when he discovered Hutton's Unconformity at Inchbonny, Jedburgh, in layers of sedimentary rock on the banks of the Jed Water. He later wrote of how he "rejoiced at my good fortune in stumbling upon an object so interesting in the natural history of the earth, and which I had been long looking for in vain".
Flooding
Jed Water is liable to flood, so the river levels are monitored near the old Canongate Bridge. The depth is usually between and metres deep but it has been as deep as which it reached in January 2016. In 2020 there was a problem when the flood defences in Jedburgh were breached by debris in one storm just before another storm hit. Luckily repairs were made and serious flooding was avoided.
See also
Borders Abbeys Way
List of places in the Scottish Borders
List of places in Scotland
References
External links
RCAHMS record of the Jed Water
SCRAN image: The Jed Water, winter 1961/2
Gazetteer for Scotland: Jed Water
Streetmap of the Jed Water
GEOGRAPH: Mossburn Ford, Jed Water
Rivers of the Scottish Borders
2Jed
Jedburgh |
17330825 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perveance | Perveance | Perveance is a notion used in the description of charged particle beams. The value of perveance indicates how significant the space charge effect is on the beam's motion. The term is used primarily for electron beams, in which motion is often dominated by the space charge.
Origin of the word
The word was probably created from Latin pervenio–to attain.
Definition
For an electron gun, the gun perveance is determined as a coefficient of proportionality between a space-charge limited current, , and the gun anode voltage, , in three-half power in the Child-Langmuir law
The same notion is used for non-relativistic beams propagating through a vacuum chamber. In this case, the beam is assumed to have been accelerated in a stationary electric field so that is the potential difference between the emitter and the vacuum chamber, and the ratio of
is referred to as a beam perveance.
In equations describing motion of relativistic beams, contribution of the space charge appears as a dimensionless parameter called the generalized perveance defined as
,
where (for electrons) is the Budker (or Alfven) current; and are the relativistic factors, and is the neutralization factor.
Examples
The 6S4A is an example of a high perveance triode. The triode section of a 6AU8A becomes a high-perveance diode when its control grid is employed as the anode. Each section of a 6AL5 is a high-perveance diode as opposed to a 1J3 which requires over 100 V to reach only 2 mA.
Perveance does not relate directly to current handling. Another high-perveance diode, the diode section of a 33GY7, shows similar perveance to a 6AL5, but handles 15 times greater current, at almost 13 times maximum peak inverse voltage.
References
Accelerator physics
Experimental particle physics |
6903098 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shurman | Shurman | Shurman is a rock band from Austin, TX, USA, founded by Aaron Beavers and Damon Allen.
Band history
It can be argued that Shurman unofficially started as a high school garage band in 1990 with Aaron Beavers and Damon Allen. The two met when Beavers' family moved from Texas to Allen's hometown outside of Atlanta. The band idea was put on the back burner for almost 10 years while Aaron headed to College and then Hawaii, and Allen moved to New York City to pursue acting after high school. Remaining friends, Beavers and Allen kept contact and Aaron sent Damon demos of close to 100 songs he had written (& recorded on an old 4 track) while in Hawaii. Soon after Aaron moved to Los Angeles, California, he called Damon and told him to buy a drum kit because he needed a drummer, and Shurman was formed. Two EPs were released 2001's Songs to Tell Your Friends About and 2002's Superfecta. They toured the U.S. relentlessly playing some 200 shows a year. Bassist Keith Hanna, a Clevelander formerly from the band Rosavelt, joined them in 2004. Their first full length Vanguard Records release titled "Jubilee" released in 2005. In 2006 the band returned with a live CD called "A Week in the Life".
After deciding the traditional record label route was not the best idea for the band they left Vanguard Records and recorded "Waiting for the Sunset" independently with producer Danny White at famed 16 Ton Studios in Nashville. Not long after finishing the CD, drummer Damon Allen left the band.
In 2008, Shurman performed 50 shows in the UK/Europe and completed an extensive North American tour supporting the release of "Waiting for the Sunset". In November 2008, Shurman announced on their Myspace page that they were relocating to Austin, TX, from L.A. As part of the move, drummer Jerry Angel left the band to remain in California.
The band moved to Austin TX in January 2009 and worked briefly with drummer Craig Bagby. Los Angeles drummer Nick Amoroso, who played 4 dates with the band in November 2008, became Shurman's full-time drummer in May 2009. He toured with the band from May 2009 to March 2010, and recorded 2 songs for the album, "Still Waiting for the Sunset," which was released on January 26, 2010. In early 2009, the band signed a deal with Sustain Records/Universal. Recent Austin, TX performances have included such artists as John Popper (of Blues Traveler) as well as Josh Zee and Teal Collins (from The Mother Truckers). The band also toured frequently with Blues Traveler and Roger Clyne and the Peacemakers.
In 2012 the band teamed up with European record labels Blue Rose & Rootsy (in Scandinavia) for their release "Inspiration" and hired drummer Clint Short. The band found themselves climbing the charts in Europe and subsequently found themselves headlining tours through Europe with great success.
In early 2014 the band entered famed Cedar Creek Studios in South Austin to prepare for a new recording to be released mid-2014
Current lineup
Aaron Beavers—Lead Vocals, Electric & Acoustic guitars, Mandolin, Harmonica
Mike Therieau—Bass, Background Vocals
Clint Short - Drums, Percussion
Harley Husbands - Lead Guitar, Banjo, Lap Steel
Former members
Jesse Duke - Guitar, Background Vocals
Nelson Blanton - Guitar, Background Vocals
Rich Mahan - Guitar, Background Vocals
Johnny Davis - Bass, Background Vocals
Dave Phenicie - Bass, Background Vocals
Keith Hanna - Bass, Background Vocals
Damon Allen - Drums, Background Vocals
Nick Amoroso - Drums, Background Vocals
Craig Bagby - Drums, Background Vocals
Discography
Songs to Tell Your Friends About EP (2001)
Superfecta EP (2002)
Cleanin' Out The Garage (2003)
Jubilee (2005)
A Week in the Life (2006)
Waiting for the Sunset (2008)
Still Waiting for the Sunset (2010)
Shurman & Family Holiday Album Vol. 1 (2012)
Inspiration (2012)
East Side of Love (2016)
References
External links
[ Allmusic.com: Biography]
Official Site
Shurman Myspace
Shurman on CMT
Shurman on Youtube
Aaron Beavers on Facebook
Starpulse
Rock music groups from Texas
Country music groups from Texas
Musical groups from Austin, Texas |
6903103 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Of%20Long%20Duration%20Anguish | Of Long Duration Anguish | Of Long Duration Anguish is the second album by Estonian death metal band Aggressor. This was the last album the band did under the name Aggressor before being renamed to "No-Big-Silence" in 1996.
In 1993 their second album "Of Long Duration Anguish" was released as MC and in 1994 as CD. Korrozia Metalla cover "Russian Vodka" on that album was sung by bassist Cram which resulted in the idea of changing their style. In 1995 Aggressor performed at the biggest rock-festival in Estonia, "Rock Summer '95". After that they went into studio (still as Aggressor) where they were suggested a name-change. So in 1996 they wrote lyrics to a song titled "No-Big-Silence 99" (a street in the U.S. where a massmurder was committed). So the album was titled "99" and the band was renamed to "No-Big-Silence".
Track listing
"Path of the Lost God"
"Unholy Trinity"
"The Dark Tower"
"Sanctimonious"
"Fled into Immunity"
"Enchantress of Desires"
"Immaculate Conception"
"Those Who Leave in the End"
"Of Long Duration Anguish"
"Russian Vodka" (Korrozia Metalla cover)
Credits
Villem Tarvas - vocals, guitar
Marek Piliste - bass, lead vocals on Russian Vodka
Kristo Kotkas - guitar
Marko Atso - drums
References
1993 albums
No-Big-Silence albums |
20467434 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steven%20DePaul | Steven DePaul | Steven DePaul is an American television director and producer. He has directed multiple episodes of "The Good Doctor", "The Gifted", Shades of Blue, NCIS-LA, CSI-NY, GRIMM, The Unit, Bones, as well as many episodes of one-hour dramatic television (updated list IMDB). He was a longstanding producer and director on NYPD Blue. In his capacity as producer of NYPD Blue he won the Emmy Award for Outstanding Drama Series in 1995. He was also nominated for NYPD Blue on five other occasions (in 1994, 1996, 1997, 1998 and 1999). Also wonGolden Globe Award for Best Television Series – Drama in 1993, and a George F. Peabody for "Raging Bulls" (Season 6, episode 8), an episode he directed for NYPD Blue.
DePaul was born in Washington Heights, NY. He is the son of Michael DePaola, (SSGT World War II in North Africa and Italy. Purple heart, BSM) who was a union organizer (District 65) and a bartender. His mother, Hermione (Billie), was a school teacher and librarian. Brother of David DePaul (1948-1969). Steven enrolled at Clark University, where he majored in English graduating in Dec. 1972. He was involved in booking artists to play concerts on campus and at the Clark Coffeehouse. Upon graduation, DePaul began working on Rock & Roll tours, first working as a roadie for Poco ('73-74). He spent the next 15 years touring with bands including Joni Mitchell, The Eagles, The Grateful Dead, Dan Fogelberg, Crosby, Stills and Nash, Boston, The Cars and The Faces. This career ended with a long stint, ('84-'92) with Bruce Springsteen and the E Street Band, including the "Born in the USA" tour and the worldwide Amnesty International "Human Rights Now!" tour. DePaul then moved to Los Angeles to work for producer Steven Bochco on shows including Cop Rock, Civil Wars and NYPD Blue. He worked on NYPD Blue for 11 years, during which he directed multiple episodes. In 2004, he left NYPD Blue and became a freelance director, the position he currently holds. He has travelled extensively on six continents.
Filmography
Producer
Director
References
https://web.archive.org/web/20100610161232/http://www.peabody.uga.edu/winners/winners_book.php
http://articles.latimes.com/1995-07-21/entertainment/ca-26201_1_emmy-award-nominations
External links
American television directors
Television producers from New York City
Clark University alumni
Living people
People from Washington Heights, Manhattan
1952 births
Film directors from New York City |
17330888 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willem%20Brakman | Willem Brakman | Willem Pieter Jacobus Brakman (13 June 19228 May 2008) was a Dutch writer who made his literary debut with the novel Een winterreis in 1961. Brakman received the P. C. Hooft Award in 1980. He was born on 13 June 1922 in The Hague, Netherlands, and died on 8 May 2008 in the same country.
Selected works
1961 – Een winterreis (novel)
1978 – Zes subtiele verhalen
1998 – Ante diluvium (novel)
1998 – De koning is dood (novel)
1999 – Het onlieflijke stadje E.
2004 – De afwijzing (novel)
2006 – Naar de zee, om het strand te zien
Awards
1962: Lucy B. and C.W. van der Hoogt Award (for Een winterreis)
1979: Ferdinand Bordewijk Prijs (for Zes subtiele verhalen)
1980: P. C. Hooft Award
References
1922 births
2008 deaths
20th-century Dutch novelists
20th-century Dutch male writers
21st-century Dutch novelists
Dutch male novelists
Writers from The Hague
Ferdinand Bordewijk Prize winners
P. C. Hooft Award winners
21st-century Dutch male writers |
17330939 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Michel%20Bazire | Jean-Michel Bazire | Jean-Michel Bazire (born April 16, 1971) is a French harness racing driver. In 1999, he won the Prix d'Amérique driving Moni Maker. In 2004, he was the driver for Kesaco Phedo who also won the Prix. In 2015 he again won it with Up and Quick and with Bélina Josselyn in 2019.
References
1971 births
Living people
French harness racers
Harness racing in France
People in harness racing |
23573414 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Beatles%20in%20Mono | The Beatles in Mono | The Beatles in Mono is a boxed set compilation comprising the remastered monaural recordings by the Beatles. The set was released on compact disc on 9 September 2009, the same day the remastered stereo recordings and companion The Beatles (The Original Studio Recordings) were also released, along with The Beatles: Rock Band video game. The remastering project for both mono and stereo versions was led by EMI senior studio engineers Allan Rouse and Guy Massey. The release date of 09/09/09 is related to the significance to John Lennon of the number nine.
The boxed set was released on 180-gram heavyweight vinyl on 8 September 2014, mastered directly from the original analogue tapes and not the digital masters used for the CD release.
Intention
The Beatles in Mono was released to reflect the fact that most of the Beatles' catalogue was originally mixed and released in the monophonic format. Stereo recordings were a fairly new concept for pop music in the 1960s and did not become standard until late in that decade. This explains why the Beatles' initial album releases were mixed for mono. By the late sixties, however, stereo recording for pop music was becoming more popular and, thus, the new standard. Therefore, the last few Beatles albums—Yellow Submarine, Abbey Road and Let It Be—were mixed and released only in stereo. Many feel that the mono mixes reflect the true intention of the band. For example, in the case of Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band, all the mono mixes were done together with the Beatles themselves, throughout the recording of the album, whereas the stereo mixes were done in only six days by Abbey Road personnel George Martin, Geoff Emerick and Richard Lush after the album had been finished, with none of the Beatles attending. George Harrison commented:
John Lennon did not like the stereo mix of his song "Revolution" on the 1967-1970 compilation album. Lennon stated during a 1974 interview:
Limited edition
Amazon.com advertised the set as a limited edition item in the United States. Less than a month prior to the set's release it was announced that the site had sold out of units. Less than two weeks before 9 September, many other online retailers announced the selling out of units from their inventories, including the Canadian Amazon.ca site.
EMI announced on 3 September that more mono boxed sets were to be pressed due to high demand from online pre-orders. It is still to remain a "limited edition", but since it has already been certified platinum by the RIAA it was not limited to 10,000 copies as originally stated. As of July 2018, the CD set is still readily available; however, the vinyl box set is out of print. Individual mono albums on vinyl still available are Rubber Soul, Revolver, The Beatles and Mono Masters, a 3-LP set of singles.
Five years after the initial CD release, mono editions of each of the albums are available individually in the vinyl format, though the mono editions for CD are still available only in the box set. All of the American albums can be had on CD individually in mono paired with the original stereo mixes; this is the only other way to acquire the mono mixes on CD.
Disc listing
The thirteen-disc (fourteen on LP) collection contains the remastered mono versions of every Beatles album released in true mono. The original 1965 stereo mixes of Help! and Rubber Soul are included on the CD version as bonuses on their respective albums. (In 1986 both albums had been remixed by George Martin for their CD release in 1987.) The box contains a new two-disc compilation album titled Mono Masters, which compiles all the mono mixes of singles, B-sides and EP tracks that did not originally appear on any of the UK albums or Magical Mystery Tour.
Please Please Me (1963)
With the Beatles (1963)
A Hard Day's Night (1964)
Beatles for Sale (1964)
Help! (1965)
Rubber Soul (1965)
Revolver (1966)
Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band (1967)
Magical Mystery Tour (1967)
The Beatles (1968)
Mono Masters (1962–1970)
The albums Yellow Submarine, Abbey Road and Let It Be are not included in this set, as no true mono mixes of these albums were issued. The same holds true for the songs "The Ballad of John and Yoko", "Old Brown Shoe" and the single mix of "Let It Be", which were also omitted. A mono version of the Yellow Submarine album was released in the UK, but it was simply a fold-down (two stereo channels combined into one channel) from the stereo mix, not a unique and separate mono mix. Abbey Road and Let It Be were issued in the UK in mono on reel-to-reel tape and on LP in Brazil and other countries but, again, only as fold-downs from the respective stereo versions.
The previously unavailable true mono mixes of the four new Beatles songs released on the Yellow Submarine album ("Only a Northern Song", "All Together Now", "Hey Bulldog" and "It's All Too Much"), originally intended for a separate, but ultimately scrapped mono EP which would have also included a mono mix of "Across the Universe", are included on the Mono Masters compilation. Also omitted from this set, but included in the stereo box set, is a DVD containing the mini-documentaries included with the stereo remasters of the different albums.
The Beatles (commonly referred to as The White Album) was originally released in mono and stereo in the UK and several other countries, but in the United States, it was released only in stereo. However, the mono mixes of "Don't Pass Me By" and "Helter Skelter" had been previously issued in the US in 1980 on the Capitol Records Rarities compilation album.
All CDs replicate their original album labels as first released, from the various Parlophone Records label variations, to the Capitol Records label (for Magical Mystery Tour) and the UK Apple Records side A and B labels for discs 1 and 2 respectively for The Beatles. For Mono Masters, disc 1 uses a mid-1960s Parlophone label design and disc 2 uses the unsliced Apple label design. All vinyl labels use the Apple label design.
The CD set also includes a 44-page booklet which includes an essay on the important role that the mono mixes played in the Beatles' recording career, notes on every track featured in Mono Masters, and a track-by-track listing of the recordings. The vinyl set includes a 108-page book which also includes many rare photographs of the Beatles in Abbey Road Studio, fascinating EMI archive documents and evocative articles sourced from 1960s publications.
Chart performance
The set debuted at number 40 on Billboard's Top 200 chart and the magazine reported that 12,000 copies were sold in its first week of release. In Japan, it debuted at number 10, selling over 20,000 copies in its first week on the Oricon album charts. The set was certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America in April 2010.
References
External links
Details of remasters reported in Chicago
Albums produced by George Martin
The Beatles compilation albums
2009 compilation albums
Capitol Records compilation albums
Apple Records compilation albums
Albums arranged by George Martin
Albums arranged by Paul McCartney
Albums conducted by George Martin
Albums conducted by Paul McCartney
Albums arranged by Mike Leander
Albums arranged by George Harrison
Albums conducted by George Harrison
Albums arranged by John Lennon
Albums conducted by John Lennon
Reissue albums
Compilation albums published posthumously |
23573417 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter%20Adolph%20Gad | Peter Adolph Gad | Peter Adolph Rostgaard Bruun Gad (25 November 1846 – 26 February 1907) was a Danish ophthalmologist who founded the first eye infirmary of São Paulo city, Brazil, at the "Santa Casa de Sao Paulo" hospital, in 1885. This eye infirmary became the first ophthalmology school of São Paulo. Doctor Gad also worked in Rio de Janeiro and Copenhagen.
References
1846 births
1907 deaths
Danish ophthalmologists |
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