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https://capage.in/reduction-of-gst-on-pesticides-from-18-to-5-recommended-by-cg/
| 2021-05-07T10:43:12 |
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-21/segments/1620243988775.80/warc/CC-MAIN-20210507090724-20210507120724-00256.warc.gz
| 0.945871 | 359 |
CC-MAIN-2021-21
|
webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2021-21__0__121261443
|
en
|
1) The Department of Chemical and Petrochemicals has approached the Finance Ministry for reducing GST on pesticides from 18% to 5% with the objective to bring parity in taxation on agro-inputs.
2) Fertilizers that attract 5% of GST, the pesticide is charged 18% GST, even higher than 12% VAT before the introduction of the new indirect tax system. Recently, The Pesticides Manufacturers and Formulators Association of India (PMFAI) demanded that the government should reduce GST to 5% from the current 18% on pesticides in line with other farm inputs like seeds and fertilizers.
The standing committee has recommended the government, “Committee is dismayed to note that GST on pesticides has increased to 18 percent after the rollout of GST from around 12 percent VAT in most of the important states where the pesticides are consumed on a large-scale. GST on fertilizers is only 5 percent and pesticide being another agro-input deserves to be put under 5 percent slab of GST.”
3) The committee in the report said the committee notes the recommendation of the Department of Chemicals and Petrochemicals to bring down the GST slab to 5 per cent. Since it is disheartening to note that crops worth Rs 90,000 crore are lost annually due to pests and diseases, the committee recommended that GST on pesticides should be reduced from 18% to 5% so as to benefit the farmers and to increase agricultural production in the country.
4) The GST reduction will help bring three-fourth of the total farmers in India, who are outside the ambit now, to protect their crops without causing any substantial loss to the central exchequer. This will help farmers harvest crops with minimal loss and secure better returns too.
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agronomy
|
http://brookereich.blogspot.com/2010/09/wacos-local-sustainable-food-movement.html
| 2018-12-12T01:53:26 |
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-51/segments/1544376823710.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20181212000955-20181212022455-00059.warc.gz
| 0.967873 | 544 |
CC-MAIN-2018-51
|
webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2018-51__0__188295217
|
en
|
We went to our first Local Farmers Food Festival (put on by Waco's Local Sustainable Food Movement) on Thursday, and it was wonderful. The movement is spearheaded by Ullja Kuntze, who some Baylor alums may remember for the delicious smoothies she sold out of a small trailer in front of the Comet Cleaners near campus. She moved on to open a European Bakery, and this is apparently her newest project. Anyone who's met Ullja knows she is warm, friendly, successful, and throws herself into everything wholeheartedly. So I expected nothing less from the Food Festival - and I was not disappointed.
She's managed to organize a whole slew of local farmers and ranchers (offering everything from farm fresh eggs to grass raised beef to organic vegetables to free range dairy products - even home grown herbs) and even circumvented a pesky city ordinance restricting "farmers markets" with an ingenious pre-order system for perishables (ensuring that the vendors know how much to bring to each festival and nothing goes to waste). The festivals are held every other week, I believe, and we will definitely be back at the next one.
For our first experience we kept it simple, pre-ordering only a dozen farm fresh eggs. When we arrived we also loaded up on summer squash, cucumbers, okra, red and yellow onions and garlic. The fresh veggies are first come first serve, not pre-ordered, and limited in variety and supply right now with the heat, so we got there early and snatched up as much as we could. Everything is organically and sustainably grown, hand-picked, and so, so, so good.
We were so excited about cooking our fresh veggies. We stewed the okra with yellow onion, tomatoes, garlic and just a splash of Brianna's Real French Vinaigrette Dressing. I steamed the summer squash while Keith grilled Cuban flank steak. It was one the best meals we've made in a while. All those fresh flavors just really are tastier than most of the vegetables you get at the store. Plus, I am so excited that something like this is happening in Waco and happy to be able to support it.
Next time we are going to get more eggs, as many fresh veggies as we can get our hands on, a lamb shoulder roast, and hopefully an herb planter full of basil, thyme, mint, oregano and dill. Can't wait. If you live anywhere near Waco, I highly recommend joining Waco's Local Sustainable Food Movement and pre-ordering for the next Food Festival (September 18th) as soon as you can.
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agronomy
|
https://sudburydriveways.co.uk/2024/03/13/unlocking-agricultural-potential-leveraging-tarmac-farm-roads-for-crop-diversification/
| 2024-04-24T12:49:32 |
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296819273.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20240424112049-20240424142049-00015.warc.gz
| 0.903507 | 757 |
CC-MAIN-2024-18
|
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|
en
|
Introduction: In modern agriculture, crop diversification is increasingly recognised as a cornerstone of sustainable farming practices. Farmers can mitigate risks associated with pests, diseases, and adverse weather conditions by cultivating various crops, improving soil health, and enhancing resilience to changing market demands. Tarmac farm roads are pivotal in facilitating crop diversification by providing essential infrastructure enabling farmers to access new markets, adopt innovative farming practices, and capitalise on emerging opportunities. At Sudbury Driveway Solutions, we understand the transformative impact of tarmac farm roads on agricultural landscapes and are committed to supporting farmers in pursuing crop diversification.
1. Access to New Markets
One of the key advantages of tarmac farm roads in promoting crop diversification is their ability to improve access to new markets. Tarmac farm roads enable farmers to reach a broader customer base and tap into diverse market opportunities by connecting rural farming communities with urban centres, regional distribution hubs, and export terminals. This increased market access encourages farmers to explore alternative crops with higher market demand or value-added products that fetch premium prices, thereby diversifying their income streams and reducing reliance on a single commodity.
2. Adoption of Innovative Farming Practices
Tarmac farm roads also facilitate adopting innovative farming practices that support crop diversification. With improved transportation infrastructure, farmers can more easily access agricultural inputs, such as seeds, fertilisers, and equipment, necessary for cultivating new crops or implementing sustainable farming techniques. Additionally, tarmac farm roads enable farmers to participate in training programs, workshops, and knowledge-sharing initiatives focused on crop diversification, soil conservation, and agroecological farming methods. By embracing innovation and experimentation, farmers can expand their crop repertoire and optimise land use to maximise productivity and profitability.
3. Expansion of Agroecosystem Services
Crop diversification promotes the integration of diverse plant species into agricultural landscapes, enhancing ecosystem services such as pollination, pest control, and nutrient cycling. Tarmac farm roads facilitate the establishment of agroecosystem services by providing access to natural habitats, conservation areas, and ecological corridors that support biodiversity and ecological resilience. Farmers can leverage tarmac farm roads to implement agroforestry, cover cropping, and intercropping systems that enhance soil fertility, water retention, and pest management while diversifying crop production and reducing environmental impact.
4. Resilience to Climate Change
In the face of climate change and extreme weather events, crop diversification offers a vital strategy for building resilience and adaptive capacity in agricultural systems. Tarmac farm roads enable farmers to respond proactively to changing climatic conditions by diversifying their crop portfolios and adopting climate-smart agricultural practices. Farmers can mitigate the risks of crop failure and income loss associated with erratic weather patterns and extreme climatic events by cultivating a mix of drought-resistant, heat-tolerant, and flood-tolerant crops.
5. Community Development and Food Security
Crop diversification supported by tarmac farm roads contributes to community development and food security by promoting local food production, enhancing dietary diversity, and reducing dependence on imported goods. By diversifying crop production, farmers can meet the nutritional needs of their communities more effectively, improve food access and affordability, and create economic opportunities for local food businesses and entrepreneurs. Tarmac farm roads play a crucial role in connecting farmers with consumers, facilitating the distribution of fresh, locally-grown produce, and strengthening the resilience of food systems in rural areas.
Conclusion: Tarmac farm roads serve as catalysts for crop diversification, empowering farmers to embrace innovation, expand market opportunities, and build resilience in the face of environmental and economic challenges. Farmers can enhance their livelihoods, protect natural resources, and contribute to sustainable agricultural development by leveraging tarmac farm roads for crop diversification.
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agronomy
|
https://www.silvan.eco/pages/partners
| 2023-02-06T23:16:15 |
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764500365.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20230206212647-20230207002647-00190.warc.gz
| 0.872478 | 232 |
CC-MAIN-2023-06
|
webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-06__0__107551110
|
en
|
Our ingredient ecosystem fosters connections between farmers and brands that enable ingredients to be celebrated for their biodiversity rather than as commodities. Through collaboration we foster knowledge sharing, access and agency that creates economic value from biodiversity and progressive practices, enabling further sustainability and resilience.
Meet some of the partners in our Ecosystem
Transforming artisanal wild palm oil production with new technology and new markets.
8 Degrees North
Shared value palm oil exclusively sourced from smallholder farmers.
Restoring Peruvian rainforests through innovative regenerative agroforestry, in partnership with Amazonian indigenous communities and smallholders.
Sourcing wild-harvested products in ways that are regenerative ecologically, socially and economically.
Dayaxa Frankincense Export Company
Harvesting products sustainably and working closely with farmers to achieve fair prices and improved living standards.
Provides comprehensive and measurable accountability for critical supply chains.
United States African Development Fund
West African Trade and Investment Hub
|
agronomy
|
https://www.williampitt.com/take-your-pick-the-best-apple-orchards-around/
| 2018-12-10T09:11:05 |
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-51/segments/1544376823320.11/warc/CC-MAIN-20181210080704-20181210102204-00236.warc.gz
| 0.931336 | 1,073 |
CC-MAIN-2018-51
|
webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2018-51__0__27692482
|
en
|
As shades of reds, oranges and yellows continue to emerge all around, it’s time to start thinking about how to make the most of the fall, and all the natural beauty the season has to offer. From pumpkin patches and apple orchards to hayrides, hot cider and more, visiting a pick-your-own farm with opportunities to gather and of course, take a bite out of some crisp and delicious locally grown apples, is a great place to start. So round up the family, and head out to an orchard nearby! Here are a few of the best apple-picking spots to visit in Westchester County, Connecticut and the Berkshires.
- Harvest Moon Farm & Orchard: A fabulous family outing awaits those who plan on visiting this North Salem, NY orchard. McIntosh, Golden Delicious and Liberty Macs are all ready to pick throughout the month of October, while special festival weekends that include music, hayrides, face painting, pony rides and more, make for a brilliant autumn outing.
- Wilkens Fruit Farm: This Yorktown, NY orchard is open daily with opportunities to pick from a wide variety of apples, as well as partake in the farm’s homemade apple cider, freshly baked pies, donuts and unique gift items. Be sure to plan a day to return in November, when a special “choose-n-cut” Christmas tree option becomes available as long as the trees last.
- Stuart’s Farm: Located in Granite Springs, NY, this pick-your-own farm offers more than 19 varieties of apples throughout the season, which starts in October and runs through November. Hayrides are also available for kids on the weekends.
There are plenty of other apple picking options throughout Westchester County! For a complete list of the best local places to go, visit Westchester Magazine’s website here.
- Silverman’s Farm: Discover the total farm experience at this Easton, CT farm, where an abundance of apples, pumpkins, as well as homemade and custom items from the Silverman’s Farm Market, are available. When the apple harvest comes to an end, be sure to stop by again to enjoy a scenic weekend tractor ride from one of the highest points in all of southern
- Blue Jay Orchards: If you live near Bethel, CT, be sure to plan a day trip to this apple orchard, where guests can pick from the farm’s great harvest options. On Columbus Day weekend,Jonagold, Ida Red, Cortland, Red Delicious and Mustu apples will be in their prime and ready to pick.
- Beardsley’s Cider Mill & Orchard: Enjoy fresh cider, apples, pies, donuts, fruit breads, pumpkin cheesecake, maple syrup, local honey and more while at this Shelton, CT farm, which embodies the ultimate New England fall experience.
- Bishop’s Orchards: This Guilford farm takes pride in its fresh fruits and vegetables, offering numerous opportunities to pick your own harvest year-round. Through late October, take a tractor ride up to the apple orchard, where a scrumptious fall crop awaits.
- Scott’s Farm and Greenhouses: Choose from over 25 kinds of apples throughout the season at this family-owned, charming orchard in Essex, CT. The business also has a farm in Deep River, CT, where apples and other seasonal items are available.
Litchfield County & The Berkshires:
- Ellsworth Hill Orchard & Berry Farm: Not only can you pick your own apples and pumpkins at this Sharon, CT farm, but you can also get lost in a large corn maze that is now open to the public. Other fresh seasonal produce and homemade items are available as well.
- Averill Farm: Operating since 1746, this Washington, CT business offers countless apples and even pears to pick. The local farm also sells cider donuts, tea breads, applesauce and pies, as well as hard ciders, sweet ciders, apple wine and homemade jams.
- March Farm: Celebrating 100 years of family farming, this Bethlehem, CT orchard destination was voted #1 by Connecticut Magazine for two years in a row.
- Lakeview Orchard: In addition to seasonal cherries, plums and raspberries, this popular Berkshire orchard overlooking Hoosac Lake and the stunning mountains of Lanesborough, MA, presents the perfect setting to apple pick while surrounded by the vibrant colors of fall in the Berkshires.
- Green River Farms: At this working farm in Williamstown, MA, countless autumn activities are right at your disposal including discussions on agricultural protection with the farming experts, opportunities to pick a bag of seasonal, farm-grown crops, as well as take in and capture the scenic views of autumn in New England. This favorite spot in town also has a unique corn maze, which lies beside the farm’s orchard.
Countless apple-friendly farms grace the sweeping countryside of the Berkshires. For more local apple-picking options, click here.
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agronomy
|
https://techzevo.com/maintain-a-healthy-lawn-and-trees-with-regular-fertilization-and-pruning-services/
| 2024-04-24T13:38:10 |
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296819273.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20240424112049-20240424142049-00515.warc.gz
| 0.951441 | 410 |
CC-MAIN-2024-18
|
webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__18642197
|
en
|
Maintaining a healthy lawn and trees is an essential part of keeping your outdoor space looking its best. Regular fertilization and pruning services can help to ensure that your lawn and trees remain healthy and beautiful year-round, and that you’re able to enjoy your outdoor space to the fullest.
At Daniel’s Lawn & Tree LLC, we specialize in providing high-quality fertilization and pruning services that are tailored to your specific needs and goals. Our team of expert landscapers and tree care professionals can work with you to develop a custom plan that meets your needs and fits within your budget.
Fertilization is an important part of maintaining a healthy lawn and trees. Fertilization provides essential nutrients to your lawn and trees, promoting healthy growth and helping to prevent diseases and pests. At Daniel’s Lawn & Tree LLC, we use high-quality fertilizers that are designed to provide your lawn and trees with the specific nutrients they need, at the right time.
Pruning is another important consideration for maintaining healthy trees. Pruning involves removing dead or diseased branches, as well as shaping and training the tree to promote healthy growth. Proper pruning can help to improve the appearance of your trees, increase their longevity, and prevent damage or injury caused by falling branches.
At Daniel’s Lawn & Tree LLC, we use the latest techniques and equipment to ensure that our pruning services are safe and effective. We also take great care to ensure that we’re not removing more than 25% of the tree’s canopy, as removing too much can cause stress and damage to the tree.
So if you’re looking to maintain a healthy lawn and trees with regular fertilization and pruning services, contact Daniel’s Lawn & Tree LLC today to schedule a consultation. We’ll work with you to develop a custom plan that meets your needs and fits within your budget, and help you keep your outdoor space looking its best year-round.
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agronomy
|
https://www.ggiovane.com/hunt-above-the-corn-stalks.html
| 2020-08-09T14:47:24 |
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-34/segments/1596439738555.33/warc/CC-MAIN-20200809132747-20200809162747-00305.warc.gz
| 0.935166 | 232 |
CC-MAIN-2020-34
|
webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2020-34__0__146257815
|
en
|
HUNT ABOVE THE CORN STALKS ACRYLICS ON CEDAR W/RED OAK FRAME WINTER 2017
Winter is at its end and spring is on the way, to the joy of us all. However, in the fields, the remnants of crops past still remain. This is especially seen in the rows of corn stalks, at least, of what remains after the corn was harvested for cattle feed. The stalk "stubs" create a wonderful geometric pattern, especially pleasing where the rows make the bend in the field. A Northern Harrier flies above the stalks, hunting for anything attempting to hide below in the field's limited protective cover. All in all, it's a pleasing sight to see and a portent of spring to come. Thus inspired, I painted this picture to capture the moment of the harrier searching for available prey. I made the frame out of red oak using pegged, hand-joined, mortise-and-tenon construction methods. I used the Japanese technique (shou-sugi-ban) of charring and oiling the oak to finish the frame.
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agronomy
|
https://whileiwasgardening.wordpress.com/2015/03/13/plant-shaming-ii-the-everbearing-disappointment/
| 2017-08-23T07:58:38 |
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-34/segments/1502886117911.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20170823074634-20170823094634-00351.warc.gz
| 0.980374 | 739 |
CC-MAIN-2017-34
|
webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2017-34__0__16055813
|
en
|
My daughter’s favorite fruit is strawberry. I remember her as a toddler with a bright red smile and red fingers lining up the berries that had just come home with us from the market on the kitchen table. So it was about that time, 17 – 18 years ago, that I decided to grow strawberries. Our property has always had more than its share of full-sun areas, and our garden wasn’t as full then as it is now, so adequate room was available for a hand-full of plants. My favorite nursery suggested an everbearing variety ‘Quinault’ (Fragaria x ananassa) as a successful plant for the Pacific Northwest. In what I had intended as a fun teaching moment, my daughter helped me choose bare-root plants from a large container filled with sawdust that, apparently, she thought needed “fluffing” and tossing around the nursery until I was able to distract her. I learned; she had fun. But our plants made it home intact, and the afternoon was spent planting them in a circular bed surrounded by her pansies. As I knew the plants would not produce edible fruit in their first year, I made sure to have a small supply of berries available for snacks. Delayed gratification is not a developed toddler skill.
If you are familiar with Fragaria x ananassa, you will be aware that it is an aggressive grower when well-watered. And if you are a parent, you will remember the toddler age as years of interruptions, unfinished projects, and forgetfulness. For instance, the parent will decide to water a garden (with help from the toddler, of course) but no sooner is the hose placed and water turned on than the toddler takes off down the sidewalk to follow a group of 10 year-old boys shouting and yelling while skate-boarding down the street accompanied by a barking dog, and the toddler’s mom goes running after the child to stop her from tumbling down the front steps and the mom forgets about the water until later that afternoon by which time the plants are very well watered. And as this happened more than once that summer, the plants thrived. They thrived so successfully that by the end of the following summer they had completely surrounded a mature rhododendron that shared their bed, and had made attempts to jump the lawn. The plants succeeded in their great escape by year 3 when I found that a couple of little strawberry plants had indeed jumped the lawn and crept up on a large rosemary plant.
All that growth isn’t so bad if you really need ground covered, which I didn’t. The primary problem with such exuberant growth is that it discourages fruit production, or such was the case in our garden. In the plants 4th year, we harvested at most a grade-schoolers’-hand-full of berries. By the time my daughter entered 5th grade, the plants were producing nothing but leaves. So much for everbearing. But the ever-patient mom-of-a-grade-school kid will let the plants alone while she juggles class-room field trips, PTSA meetings, volunteering, birthday parties, music lessons, and naps (I remember those so fondly). And she will hope for the best.
The plants are still with us after all these years. Still growing, still covering ground, still jumping their borders, and still not producing fruit. Someday, I will remove them and try a different variety. In the meantime, however, I think I’ll take a nap.
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agronomy
|
https://fotoglass.es/en/tecnologias-opticas-en-agricultura-la-luz-como-herramienta/
| 2022-11-26T19:42:12 |
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-49/segments/1669446708046.99/warc/CC-MAIN-20221126180719-20221126210719-00652.warc.gz
| 0.935707 | 908 |
CC-MAIN-2022-49
|
webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2022-49__0__233548417
|
en
|
t is well known that plants need water, mineral salts, carbon dioxide, and light to make their own food, thus allowing their survival and growth.
The multiple uses that light has in the technological field, the base pillar that is light in agriculture, and the need to increase production and productivity in the globalized world in which we live, places light as a key tool in development of new agricultural techniques.
Some of the technologies related to light that are used in agriculture are radiometry, spectrophotometry, colorimetry, LED lighting, etc.
But ... why is light management important in agriculture?
Because parameters such as quantity, type of light, and exposure time influence plant growth.
The amount of light will determine the speed of the photosynthesis process, thus influencing the growth rate of plants. The type of light, or rather the spectral range of the radiation will determine the type of interaction with the plant. For example, visible radiation is absorbed by chlorophyll allowing the development of photosynthesis, ultraviolet radiation that can cause DNA damage, decrease flowering and seed development, or ultraviolet A radiation that can cause elongation of the plant. In addition, depending on the type of plant, to trigger the flowering you will need the duration of the radiation to be more or less abundant depending on the case.
Thus, variations in the use of light could improve the shape and color of the plants, the earliness of the harvests, or improvements in the control of pests and diseases. When natural light is not enough, you want to grow species that usually develop in other areas and seasons, or even indoor crops, artificial sources are used, in which case LED lighting stands out for its efficiency, long life, variety of lengths. emission wave with narrow spectra that allow concentrating all the energy in the wavelength where the efficiency of interaction with the plant is greater.
The study of how different parameters of light affect a specific crop is very relevant to help farmers increase the quality and yield of their crops. In addition to adding artificial light as a supplement, some radiation can be of little benefit to certain crops. A solution to this problem is the photoselective meshes, which are covered with optical properties to select which components of the solar radiation let through to the crops, being able to improve the quality of the fruits or protect from pests.
In addition to the use of light on the crop, there are also applications with light that are already being implemented in the agricultural field, where disinfection by the ultraviolet radiation of air, water, and surfaces stands out (some of which may be the harvested vegetables themselves, in order to avoid rotting quickly).
So is the light just for treatment?
The truth is that no, the light also works as a recognition and detection tool. Among them, the use of colorimetry to determine the degree of maturity of some fruits or the use of spectral signatures both on food and on crops stands out.
What are spectral signatures and what are they for?
Spectral signatures are a method in which the reflected intensity is collected for different wavelengths, registering a spectrum that will be different depending on the pigmentation of the leaves or other factors that may be related to the state of the plant. In this way, differences in the spectra can serve as an indicator of symptoms that plants present, although not necessarily the causes that provoke them, for which multispectral image correlation studies with other types of analysis are required.
In short, light is a form of energy with the versatility of use in treatment and detection tools in all kinds of areas, and in the case of the agricultural sector, there is a wide range of techniques that can revolutionize its development.
RESPONSIBLE FOR RADIOMETRY AND COLORIMETRY - FOTOGLASS
FOTOGLASS is a leading bio-optics company combining physical optics and biomedicine. Its activity focuses on the use of light as a tool to solve problems in a living environment, such as the inactivation of pathogens by ultraviolet C, the ability to accurately discern between tumor and non-tumor tissue by nanoplasmonic technology, the use of chromatography within food or the creation of smart textiles. It collaborates with the Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital and the University of Cantabria. For more info: https://www.fotoglass.es
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agronomy
|
http://simplymarketable.com/infrared-heat-lamp-growing
| 2020-07-05T23:40:59 |
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-29/segments/1593655889877.72/warc/CC-MAIN-20200705215728-20200706005728-00354.warc.gz
| 0.916915 | 545 |
CC-MAIN-2020-29
|
webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2020-29__0__159631328
|
en
|
Infrared-heat-lamp-growing, according to texas a&m university, infrared light plays a part in the blooming of flowering plants. plants grown indoors may grow well under fluorescent lights, but will not bloom until appropriate levels of infrared radiation have been introduced. this can be done using special horticultural lights, or simply by adding incandescent light bulbs.. Tag: infrared heat lamp growing the infrared heat lamp way to solve back pain. by admin september 5, 2019 november 26, 2019 general / infrared heating pad 1 comment on the infrared heat lamp way to solve back pain. the infrared heat lamp way to solve back pain., plants require blue light waves, found at one end of the light spectrum, for the growth of foliage. they need red light waves, from the opposite end of the light spectrum, to support both flowering....
Which grow lights emit infrared and is it a good thing or a bad thing for your plants? we look of the best and most popular grow light technologies: leds, hps, de-hps and try to understand how..., the infrared heat lamp way to solve back pain. back pain is one of the most common health conditions that people in today’s world have to go through..
See more at www.farmertyler.com/plants-light plants & light written & directed by tyler baras shot & edited by cyrus moshrefi animations by nickolas rapley f..., china plant grow light mixture metal halide bulb mh 250w/ 400w /1000w, find details about china grow lamp, plant grow lamp from plant grow light mixture metal halide bulb mh 250w/ 400w /1000w - changzhou dingming lighting equipment co., ltd.. If you're talking about a heat lamp like is used to heat up a bathroom, then you're hurting your plants with that thing. you can use a simple florescent shop light for the vegg cycle of your plant. for 12 plants, (several will be males prob), you'll need more light. have you read anything about growing pot yet?, if you want to buy cheap cordless heat lamps, choose cordless heat lamps from banggood.com. it endeavors to provide the products that you want, offering the best bang for your buck. whatever cordless heat lamps styles you want, can be easily bought here..
If you want to buy cheap heat lamp, choose heat lamp from banggood.com. it endeavors to provide the products that you want, offering the best bang for your buck. whatever heat lamp styles you want, can be easily bought here.
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agronomy
|
https://glenhendrix50.medium.com/farming-our-way-to-extinction-f47d78836433?source=user_profile---------8----------------------------
| 2024-02-24T13:37:25 |
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474533.12/warc/CC-MAIN-20240224112548-20240224142548-00766.warc.gz
| 0.942813 | 472 |
CC-MAIN-2024-10
|
webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-10__0__57941165
|
en
|
Farming Our Way to Extinction
Unlike our forebears, we don’t eat a large variety of plants.
Whereas we use to forage and eat 6,000 different types of plant species, three quarters (75%) of our modern calories come from nine plants; cane (sugar), beets (mainly sugar), palm (oil), soy, barley, potato, maize, wheat, and rice.
“There are over 20,000 species of edible plants in the world yet fewer than 20 species now provide 90% of our food.”
It is possible there are 300,000 plant species we could eat. We use the few grains that we do because of their dull sex lives that require only the wind to pollinate them.
What once was a multitude of grains we dined on are now a handful. With maize, rice, and wheat making up 90 percent of our calories, we are playing a risky game with the world’s larder. If some disease or climate disaster caused one or more of these grains not to deliver, the world population would be in trouble.
Unlike in the past, seeds are a highly controlled commodity.
Just four companies control half the world’s seeds. The seeds are genetically modified, and farmers in third world countries are being forced to use them, sometimes with disastrous results. The seeds don’t grow like the company said they would, or the farmer can’t afford the expensive fertilizer or pesticide for that particular crop. They have to sign legal documents that they won’t save any seed for planting future crops, guaranteeing they have to come back to the conglomerate to buy their seed. ChemChina, Limagrain, Corteva, and Bayer are the major culprits.
It used to be that seeds were distributed by the U.S. government and it encouraged farmers to save and trade their seed, creating a biodiverse universe of seed crops. The seed industry lobbied the government to stop this practice in 1924. Since then, lobbying and neoliberal policies of allowing corporations to do whatever they want to turn a profit, have destroyed seed biodiversity.
Climate change makes the lack of diversity in seeds dangerous.
Agriculture is not ready for the tsunami of climate change and its challenges. A handful of genetically…
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agronomy
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https://classicalacupuncture.ie/this-season/harvest-time/
| 2024-04-13T12:02:51 |
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296816734.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20240413114018-20240413144018-00616.warc.gz
| 0.95111 | 426 |
CC-MAIN-2024-18
|
webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__80681474
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en
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Late Summer is an additional Season (the Fifth Season) that the Ancient Chinese observed existed in nature. It is no longer Summer – it when the days shorten and the evenings are heavy with haze. So if you feel it is no longer Summer and not yet Autumn, we are in Late Summer. This is the time of harvest – the apples are ripe and ready for picking; the farmers are busy in the fields bringing in the hay and the crops; all the fantastic fruits have ripened as the flower fades.
Nourishment and harvest are the two words that characterise this season of the Earth Element. The Earth, like our mother, provides us with all the nourishment we need to live through the year. This is not just the nourishment for the body, but for the mind and the spirit. The long days and the warm nights of the summer have given us time to enjoy everything around us to the fullest and to take in more than we can appreciate at the time. The harvest time is when we not only store our physical crops but our mental and spiritual crops. When the cold sets in during the winter months, we shall have all the memories and fruits of our summer on which to draw. For instance when we sit down in front of the fire in winter and look through our holiday photos, we are feeding our minds and our spirits from those memories and savouring their tastes and flavours until we can harvest again.
A successful Harvest brings security; the same security we get from our physical mother. We know our storehouse is full and we can relax. The Earth element inside all of us works in the same way. Like our mother, the Earth element – when in balance – will nourish all parts of us and share out equally the bounty to support life. What would be the good of a harvest being gathered and stored and then distribution limited to one small area when there is enough to feed everybody at large? Movement and distribution are key parts of the Earth Element. Stability will come from this effective distribution, helping us to feel grounded and earthed. I hope you enjoy the fruits of Late Summer!
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agronomy
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https://www.visioncreativegroup.com/project/pulverize-packaging/
| 2022-05-28T23:53:49 |
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-21/segments/1652663021405.92/warc/CC-MAIN-20220528220030-20220529010030-00786.warc.gz
| 0.944108 | 377 |
CC-MAIN-2022-21
|
webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2022-21__0__116853274
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en
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PRODUCT PACKAGING THAT POPS
Messinas, a New Jersey based lawn and garden supply company, was re-launching their Pulverize weed killer product line to better compete with big players in the category. This is where Vision came in. We brought our creative and strategic expertise to better position Pulverize in the lawn and garden space as the top choice for weed killers among its competitors with a package redesign. After researching the herbicide market, analyzing the competition and assessing the retail environment for a well-rounded understanding of the weed product world, Vision designed a new label that clearly communicated Pulverize’s effectiveness and dedication to being a safe alternative for weed prevention. Our clean imagery and striking revamped logo came together with the goal to increase visibility, shelf impact, and increase market share. As a result, it impressed the Walmart store buyer, and after a successful test run, landed a spot nationally in the Walmart lineup. It then expanded onto the shelves of over 5,000 retailer outlets in just one year. Pulverize is effective in killing weeds, but our packaging was surely effective in growing its business.
Pulverize Weed Killer Package Redesign
- Competitive Analysis
- Competitive Review
- Design Exploratory
- Package Design
How Did We Make Penguins Fly
After an all team meeting on a Friday afternoon to share the news that we were awarded this packaging project, we literally hit the ground running. We spent the weekend checking out retailers to understand the current category climate, the competition and the retailer perspective. Armed with intel and strategic creative ideas, we went on to develop packaging concepts that really made Pulverize stand out on shelf with consumers and trade professionals. To top it off, our designs earned another GDUSA award for the team!
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agronomy
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https://greenshieldarboriculture.com/turf-care-services-1
| 2024-03-04T13:38:44 |
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947476452.25/warc/CC-MAIN-20240304133241-20240304163241-00453.warc.gz
| 0.934258 | 116 |
CC-MAIN-2024-10
|
webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-10__0__188270645
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en
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Using products and techniques, our arborists can maintain the beauty of your plants, shrubs and trees from insect and disease damage.
Using local knowledge and soil samples, we can provide appropriate amendments to improve the quality of turf.
Your turf is a living plant within your landscape, that often requires additional care to maintain health and vitality.
Following any significant damage to your turf, we can provide repairs to restore the health and beauty of your lawn.
Many of your turf plant healthcare questions may be answered by visiting our Turf Plant Healthcare Frequently Asked Questions page.
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agronomy
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https://bananaroad.com/products/poster-nasa-recruitment-we-need-you-11x17
| 2023-06-07T00:14:41 |
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-23/segments/1685224653183.5/warc/CC-MAIN-20230606214755-20230607004755-00791.warc.gz
| 0.865931 | 174 |
CC-MAIN-2023-23
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webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-23__0__223863732
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en
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Poster: NASA Mars Recruitment - Farmers Wanted (11"x17")
Mars needs YOU! In the future, Mars will need all kinds of explorers, farmers, surveyors, teachers . . . but most of all YOU! Join us on the Journey to Mars as we explore with robots and send humans there one day.
Got a green thumb? This one's for you! In space, you can grow tomatoes, lettuce, peas, and radishes just like you would find in your summer garden. New ways of growing fresh food will be needed to keep brave explorers alive.
A great poster from your friends at NASA.
Ships fast. 11x17 inches.
Planning a vacation among the stars? Check out the rest of our great selection of NASA posters!
Need Poster Mounts..?
You Might Also Like This
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agronomy
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https://ceruleconsulting.com/cisco-along-with-govt-launches-competition-to-attract-agri-tech-startups/
| 2021-04-21T23:43:38 |
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-17/segments/1618039554437.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20210421222632-20210422012632-00530.warc.gz
| 0.919613 | 330 |
CC-MAIN-2021-17
|
webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2021-17__0__184087575
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en
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“IT firm Cisco India announced a challenge with a sponsorship money of Rs. 2 crore (US$ 271.88 thousand) on Friday to recognise Agri-tech start-ups with innovative ideas.
It said in a statement, the ‘Cisco Agri Challenge’ is co-hosted by Mr. K VijayRaghavan, Principal Scientific Advisor to the Government of India, while the ‘The/Nudge Centre for Social Innovation’ is conceptualised and operated by NGOs.
The competition will run over 12 months in phases, with a prize fund of Rs. 2 crore (US$ 271.88 thousand). This sum assists stakeholders in designing, testing, and scaling solutions to help mitigate the challenge faced by low-income and lower profits farmers in India.
Such multi-disciplinary and multi-stakeholder cooperation will play a catalytic role in the implementation of agricultural science and technology initiatives, thereby improving the productivity of farmers and doubling the income of farmers.
Mr. Harish Krishnan, Managing Director (Public Relations and Strategic Engagements) of Cisco India and SAARC, said the organisation aims to drive digital transformation through the ‘Cisco Agri Challenge’ platform in the agriculture sector.
Not only are we incubating Agri-tech start-ups, but we put together a broad ecosystem of investors, domain experts, and government stakeholders to push action and bring scalable solutions to the market that can increase the income of farmers and enhance decision-making,
Cisco stated that it will have a policy network, allowing access for pilots to administrative units and communities.”
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agronomy
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http://www.onebigfluke.com/2013/05/growing-tomatoes.html
| 2017-04-30T22:30:57 |
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-17/segments/1492917125881.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20170423031205-00298-ip-10-145-167-34.ec2.internal.warc.gz
| 0.979398 | 288 |
CC-MAIN-2017-17
|
webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2017-17__0__275495306
|
en
|
The past few summers I've attempted the near-impossible in San Francisco: Growing tomatoes. Every day it's some combination of cold, foggy, and windy. But I've managed.
What's surprising about growing tomatoes is how something so small can grow so big. I start with a tiny sapling in a thin plastic pot. I move it to a larger pot and then water it every couple of days. By the end of a week its mass has doubled. At a month it's over a foot high and blossoming. After two months the first tomatoes are growing fast and the plant is chest-high.
Each day I water the plant it looks the same as the day before. I can't notice daily changes because the differences are subtle. I went away for a week and when I got back the plant looked enormous compared to before. When I hadn't seen the incremental changes, the plant's growth was astonishing. Growing tomatoes has made me see the value solely in time passing.
How would I be if I spent a tiny bit of time cultivating myself every day? It wouldn't seem like much to me, since I'd witness the small differences. It'd be hard to stick with it. But after two months or a year, I may look back and realize how far I've come. I think this is how I developed as a programmer. I wonder how else I could improve this way.
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agronomy
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https://www.nhwellnesscenters.com/node/277/
| 2018-02-21T20:43:12 |
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-09/segments/1518891813803.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20180221202619-20180221222619-00006.warc.gz
| 0.949511 | 169 |
CC-MAIN-2018-09
|
webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2018-09__0__169078527
|
en
|
The Proof Is In The Testing
- The organic strawberries had significantly higher antioxidant activity and concentrations of ascorbic acid and phenolic compounds.
- The organic strawberries had longer shelf life.
- The organic strawberries had more dry matter, or, "more strawberry in the strawberry."
- Anonymous testers, working at times under red light so the fruit color would not bias them, found one variety of organic strawberries was sweeter, had better flavor, and once a white light was turned on, better appearance. The testers judged the other two varieties to be similar.
Even with this research it will most likely not end the debate over organic vs. non-organic. Read the complete article here: http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/localnews/2012784106_organic2m.html
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agronomy
|
https://americanstandardnutraceuticals.com/ilhwa/
| 2024-04-21T11:23:02 |
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296817765.59/warc/CC-MAIN-20240421101951-20240421131951-00818.warc.gz
| 0.93166 | 211 |
CC-MAIN-2024-18
|
webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__124551126
|
en
|
ILHWA is the world leader in Ginseng science since 1971. ILHWA has been mastering ginseng processing for over 30 years. They use only the finest ginseng roots harvested at the optimal point with no steaming or high heat which retains virtually all ginseng components.
ILHWA utilizes the best that modern science has to offer in all of its research and development. The key is to use the best in science while carefully honoring the quintessence of this remarkable ginseng root, which has been used for 5,000 years to heal and optimize human potential. The discovery of Compound K, the patented GS15-4® ingredient in ILHWA’s high absorption enzyme fermented ginseng, is the result of dedicated science that honors the integrity of nature.
Through continuous scientific research and development for more than four decades, Ilhwa has become the World Leader in Ginseng Science. The company is driven by a single passion…to bring wellness to humanity across the globe through this incredible herb.
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agronomy
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http://www.nconnex.com/patio-sectional-sofa-set/u-shaped-patio-sectional-semicircle-outdoor-sectional-outdoor-furniture-sofa-outdoor-patio-corner-sofa/
| 2018-08-18T18:28:32 |
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-34/segments/1534221213693.23/warc/CC-MAIN-20180818173743-20180818193743-00394.warc.gz
| 0.960433 | 377 |
CC-MAIN-2018-34
|
webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2018-34__0__5480219
|
en
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By SeMoGABErkah. Patio. At Saturday, June 30th 2018, 02:53:01 AM.
Growing plants: there are many of us who find ourselves with homes that have no gardens, but who still endeavor to grow some domestic plants. And whilst there are some indoors plants that can be grown, these don't tend to provide the 'image' we yearn for: which in most cases can only be provided by outdoors plants, grown with natural light and integrated to the natural surroundings. In the absence of a garden, the patio would be the ideal place to grow such plants. A patio tends to be semi-enclosed, meaning that the plants will get natural light and be growing in a natural setting (save for the fact that they may have to be potted). And the most beautiful thing here is the fact that using the patio to grow such plants wouldn't make it unsuitable for other purposes. If anything, it is one of the things you may need to do, in rehabilitating it to make it suitable for other purposes such as relaxing.
Stay up to date with the latest styles and designs so that your patio does not grow out of style. Check out the various magazines or online photos of various patios and see which one you like best. Don't be afraid to experiment! Remember it is your patio and you might as well make it the way you like so you can truly enjoy it
When the warm summer months are coming to a close and you start to see the leaves turn and drift to the ground, it is time to start preparing your patio furniture for winter storage. While it is always difficult to close up that umbrella and acknowledge that it is your last dinner on the patio for the season, a little planning can make sure you will be able to enjoy your patio furniture set for many years to come.
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agronomy
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https://www.mondelezinternational.com/News/Harmony-Wheat
| 2022-05-24T20:53:06 |
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-21/segments/1652662577259.70/warc/CC-MAIN-20220524203438-20220524233438-00653.warc.gz
| 0.921637 | 247 |
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webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2022-21__0__43101522
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en
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We are using cookies in order to facilitate your navigation. By continuing to navigate on this website or clicking on the close button you accept our policy regarding the usage of cookies.Yes, I accept Learn more
Promoting Biodiversity in Wheat
Sunday, September 01, 2019
As the world’s largest biscuit producer, we're committed to sustainably sourcing the wheat we use in our products. To help farmers improve the methods they use for growing their crops, we created Harmony Wheat.
Working with local organizations, governments and farmers, Harmony Wheat is improving local conditions and setting standards for the way wheat is grown.
Farmers in the Harmony Wheat program:
- Reserve 3% of their field for planting flowers. This helps promote local ecology through biodiversity and natural pollination.
- Select resilient wheat varieties, rotate their crops and care for the soil to reduce pesticide use. These efforts have led to a 20% reduction of pesticide use in Harmony fields.
Today, Harmony Wheat works with over 1,700 wheat farmers, 13 millers and 27 cooperatives to produce enough wheat for our Western European biscuits. And by 2022, our objective is to make our entire biscuit portfolio across Europe with Harmony sustainable wheat.
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agronomy
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https://www.aziendagricolalatorricella.com/organic/how-to-save-africas-agriculture/
| 2023-11-28T22:55:00 |
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100016.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20231128214805-20231129004805-00387.warc.gz
| 0.917936 | 528 |
CC-MAIN-2023-50
|
webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-50__0__32782729
|
en
|
How To Save Africa’s Agriculture
Last week, a meeting of twenty United Agencies (UN) agencies was held in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia to explore on ways to help the New Partnership for African Development (Nepad) achieve its goals.
Nepad’s main mission is to end chronic poverty in Africa, by, mainly, integrating innovative agricultural technologies, such as biotechnology, into African countries’ economies.
Agriculture being the mainstay of most African countries’ economies, Nepad should exploit the resources at various agricultural-oriented UN agencies to facilitate its rejuvenation. There is the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) that has, for many years, been championing the rights of African farmers. The World Health Organization (WHO), on the other hand, has been very resourceful in giving expert guidance on food safety, the most memorable one being a declaration that genetically modified foods don’t pose health risks on consumers.
It must, however, be stated that the success of this initiative largely depends on Nepad’s willingness to persuade African farmers and policy makers to be ready to embrace more productive agricultural technologies such as biotechnology. UN agencies alone cannot bring prosperity to Africa. African farmers and policy makers must realize that the world, now, is a global village, where countries freely share technologies.
Nepad has already made recognizable progress in convincing Africa to integrate modern agricultural technologies, such as biotechnology, into their economies. Nepad’s science and technology secretariat, through policy briefs, conferences, and position papers, has been actively touting modern agricultural biotechnology as the new frontier to food security.
Just three months ago, Nepad released a draft position paper on potential applications of modern biotechnology in African countries’ economies. To be tabled during the African Heads of States meeting in January, next year, the paper, among other things, asks African governments to integrate modern biotechnology into their development plans. It calls for an integrated approach to agricultural biotechnology.
All these efforts are commendable, but Nepad still can do more. To ensure Africa benefits maximally from, for example, modern agricultural biotechnology, Nepad must intensify efforts to help African governments develop biosafety policies. It can do this by volunteering technical assistance.
Collaboration with a UN agency such as the World Health Organization (WHO), which has been active in research on the safety of genetically modified organisms (GMOs), would be helpful. Such an agency can help correct misinformation that attends the debate about genetically modified foods.
Find More Organic Agriculture Articles
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agronomy
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https://www.caritasindia.org/leading-woman-eco-farmer-believes-organic-farming-is-the-only-hope-for-healthy-life/
| 2018-10-18T21:59:19 |
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-43/segments/1539583512015.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20181018214747-20181019000247-00129.warc.gz
| 0.945106 | 1,081 |
CC-MAIN-2018-43
|
webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2018-43__0__10558532
|
en
|
Rathinathai was among the few trained on eco-farming and sustainable agriculture 14 years back by Tirunelveli Social Service Society (TSSS) under Caritas India Natural Resource Management programme. Since then she is practicing sustainable agriculture in her 1.5 acres of land by cultivating paddy in one half and multiple crops like sweet potato, groundnuts, green gram and Bengal gram, coriander, greens and fodder for cows on the other.
‘I take pride in saying that all my three educated daughters employed as nurse, teacher and an English literature graduate and they join me in the farm work whenever they get time. They don’t hesitate to graze cows, collect cow dung and walk bare foot in the slush. They are my ambassadors for propagating organic farming’, says Rathinathai.
On an average in a year from 50 cents of land, she is able to harvest 300 kgs of sweet potato, 420- 450 kgs of groundnuts, 1850 kg of paddy, 150 kg of pulses. One bag of paddy containing 70 kg is sold @ Rs.1300/-, groundnut @Rs.1450/-, Bengal gram @ Rs.80/- and the green gram @ Rs.70/-. Thus, she earns a good profit and at times of drought and monsoon failure the loss she incurs is manageable.
Today, Rathinathai is a leading eco-farmer in Parvathiapuram village situated in Kanarpatti Panchayat in Manur block of Tirunelveli District, Tamilnadu.
She says, ‘Agriculture should be promoted as our culture, with gender justice and we should have control over the choice of cultivating crops. I decide what should be cooked in my kitchen and consumed by my family. We should defeat the corporate forces that colonize agriculture and food systems’.
She also rear milch animals and goats and the waste from animal and farm is utilized for producing vermi-compost and other bio inputs. The organic farming practices using organic inputs replenishes the soil with earth worms and attract the beneficial insects like dragonflies, butterflies, bees,etc., towards the plants and trees in the land. The yield from the crop is double compared with the lands where chemical farming is practiced.
She is convinced that agriculture and dairy farming are inseparable twins. In May, 2017, when Tamil Nadu faced the worst drought in 114 years, she had to part away with one of the 3 cows which she had to sell for Rs.10000/- which otherwise would cost Rs.40000/-. ‘After spending Rs.28000/- for fodder alone in 6 months’ time, I did not want to get into debt trap. This was the worst moment in my life’, she added. She shared that due to drought, people have started realizing the importance of organic farming. Her immediate plan is to equip herself on water conservation and management techniques and train the villagers on the same line so that the negative impact of climate change is mitigated.
Expressing her gratitude, she says, ‘I am ever thankful to Caritas India and TSSS, the two organisations that have instilled interest and confidence in my mind. I have become a trainer in organic farming to NGO representatives and Government staff’.
Recently she had trained 40 women farmers each from Ettankulam, Vallavankottai, Seethaikurichi, Pillayarkulam and Pallamadai villages. All these 200 women farmers undergone 15 days training on organic practices and the preparation of bio manures and pest repellents, preparation of panchakavya and vermicompost, soil test and conservation. On the last day, she took the trainees to her farm and gave them one packet of vermicompost so that they in turn multiply and give to others’.
‘Dr. John Arokiaraj, Zonal Manager (South) of Caritas India extended constant support and encouragement to the organic farmers movement in Tirunelveli District through TSSS. He along with Dr. Haridas, Thematic Manager (NRM) has created a good platform in the form of Environmental Core Group for sharing the traditional knowledge with like-minded farmers. Ms. Selvamani, Ms. Esther, Mr. Suviseshamuthu and Mr. Kumarasamy are some of the active farmers in this process’, she acknowledges. They all want to strengthen this movement of food growers to democratize agriculture so that healthy food becomes accessible to all poor people.
Personal conviction and involvement, starting on a small scale on trial method, observing patience, courage to face and ignore negative and demotivating criticism are the key elements of success for an organic farmer as told by Rathinathai.
She wants to give few important advises: ‘Don’t spend money on medical treatment rather invest on healthy food cultivation and eating habits; Before your village turns into a graveyard, make it a heaven with organic practices; Start educating the younger generations the value of eating good food’.
Copyright Caritas India 2013 ! Developed by Neural Info Solutions Pvt. Ltd.
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agronomy
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http://abofap.org/projects/
| 2022-07-03T00:15:25 |
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-27/segments/1656104205534.63/warc/CC-MAIN-20220702222819-20220703012819-00276.warc.gz
| 0.919684 | 2,981 |
CC-MAIN-2022-27
|
webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2022-27__0__171230029
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en
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FASE – Sustainable Farming Systems Extension in Northern Ghana Project
PARTNERSHIP BETWEEN ABOFAP AND CARE International Ghana FROM 2004 TO 2008. The sustainable Farming Systems Extension (FASE) is one of the five components of the Agriculture and Natural Resources (ANR) Management Programme that is being implemented by CARE International Ghana. The ANR programme seeks to contribute to poverty reduction in Ghana through sustainable livelihood for poor and marginalized rural families who depend primarily upon natural resources. Each of the components contributes to the achievement of the purpose of the programme by having objectives and strategies that are linked to the ANR programme. The project started in 2004 and ended in 2008.
The goal of the FASE component seeks is to make extension services available and accessible to at least 9000 small scale farmers on appropriate, viable and sustainable farming systems which respond to their local knowledge and situation.
THE SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES THE COMPONENT SEEKS TO ACHIEVE ARE:
- Operationalize and institutionalize appropriate and relevant community based Extension delivery system, capable of supporting farming activities of poor rural farmers in Northern Ghana.
- Improve the capacity of relevant stakeholders including NGOs/CSOs to support farmer design and implement sustainable farming systems.
- Improve linkages and coordination at all levels of governance for sustainable and pro-poor Extension delivery.
The component is being implementing in partnership with six local NGOs and CBOs in six Districts in the three Region of Northern Ghana and the Brong-Ahafo Region. The districts are East Mamprusi, Builsa, Garu Tempane and Lawra Districts, the rest are Techiman and Bawku municipal Assemblies. The component is in its fourth and final year of implementation.
Successfully implemented a livelihood and environment project dated 2008-2009 in partnership with Concern Universal Ghana
BARLEP-Brong Ahafo Rural Livelihood Enhancement Project
PARTNERSHIP BETWEEN CONCERN UNIVERSAL GHANA (CU), AND ABRONO ORGANIC FARMING PROJECT (ABOFAP) governing the working relationship between these two organizations for the purpose of implementing the Embassy of Ireland Abuja Project funded by the Brong Ahafo Rural Livelihoods Enhancement Project in the Brong Ahafo Region of Ghana for 12 months between 27th May 2010 and 26th May 2012.
Concern Universal Ghana (CU) has been awarded funding, from the Embassy of Ireland Abuja to contribute to poverty reduction and improved health among vegetable farmers in the Techiman District of the Brong Ahafo Region through increased farm incomes as well as reduction in the use of inorganic fertilizers and inputs.
SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES INCLUDE:
- Assist farmers to increase their vegetable production outputs by facilitating year-round vegetable production through access to drip irrigation facilities. Participating farmers will double their output by the end of two years.
- Assist farmers to improve the profitability of their farm enterprise through better enterprise management practices. Through improved planning and coordination as well as cost reduction through reduction in the use of inorganic inputs, the project will assist beneficiaries to increase their earnings by at least 50%.
CU, as the donor partner for this project, is responsible for ensuring that project implementation; management; monitoring and evaluation proceed as described in the project proposal submitted. It is accountable for all projects funds, is responsible for ensuring that funds are spent in accordance with the project budget and is responsible for providing both narrative and financial reports to the donors. ABOFAP, as the local implementing partner will have the responsibility for managing and undertaking the field work, in partnership with concern universal, as outlined in the project proposal.
LEAD – LOCAL EXTENSION SERVICES FOR AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT
PARTNERSHIP BETWEEN ABOFAP AND CARE INTERNATIONAL FROM 2012-2014
Objective 1: sustainable and equitable community-based agriculture extension systems that improve natural resource use and management being implemented in 13 communities in Techiman Municipality by December 2012
Objective 2: duty bearers responding to needs of poor and marginalized farmers in 13 communities in Techiman municipality 2014
Objective 3: civil society organizations, networks, and coalitions advocating for sustainable, equitable, and effective ANR policies and implementation at all levels (community, district, regional and national) by 2014.
This subgrant agreement (the agreement) is entered into as of 1st of July 2009 by and between (a) CARE International, a nonprofit organization, (CARE), and (b) Abrono Organic Farming Project, a nonprofit organization, (subrecipient) pursuant to a great (the Grant) made by DANIDA (donor) to CARE to enable CARE to implement Local Extension Services for Agricultural Development (LEAD)
BANK ON CHANGE PHASE II (BOC II)
PARTNERSHIP BETWEEN CARE AND ABOFAP FROM 2013 – 2016. A second phase would allow the program to expand to new areas that need financial services as well as consolidate Barclay effort at promoting financial inclusion for the underserved in Ghana. Project started in 2013 and ended 2016. The BoC2 will target 54,000 people (32,500 new youth and 22,000 existing members), training the new youth to establish 2,350 Saving and Loan association (VSLAs) as well as deepening the impacts and consolidating gains of phase and would be achieved by strengthening the
entrepreneurial and business skill of selected existing members and new youth VSLAs.
New saving groups will be 100% youth focused, and will be formed in existing and new BoC Ghana area, both rural and urban. The population of Ghana is youthful with limited access to financial services, both informal and formal. The program seeks to create opportunities the next generation to develop their entrepreneurial skill, financial literacy and life skills to improve prospect for employment.
Also, the phase 2 proposes to link about 20% of all VSL members to Barclay branches or other formal financial institution in areas where there is no Barclay presence. In addition, more community volunteers (CVs) will be trained to expand and sustain the project. The BoC Ghana phase 2 will facilitate increased potential for wealth creation and will continue to work with approximately 22,000 existing members (80% of who are woman), offering these members, who have already allow successfully adopted the VSLA methodology, to benefit from entrepreneurial and business skill training, allowing them to start, diversify and expand their business.
BoC Ghana will target 2 different type of client: the BoC program will target 54,000 people: 32,500 new youth VSLAs and 22,000 existing members of which 80% are woman. The target beneficiaries for new BoC will be 100% youth, predominantly between the age of 15-25 in both existing and youth groups. They will include youth in school and those have either completed, have dropped out of school or never attended school who have limited or no employable skills and business opportunities. They also have limited access to both formal and non-formal financial services. There are also limited opportunities for employment and inadequate participation in decision making. The youth will be trained to establish youth savings and loan associations (YSLAs) which will inculcate in them the habit of savings and capital mobilization. They will also benefit from financial literacy education, life and employable skill trainings which are critical to the development of their productive life. Access to capital and information will enable them identify, start and sustain viable economic activities.
GEOGRAPHIC FOCUS AND RATIONALE FOR LOCATION
The BoC Ghana will work in 8 Region of Ghana. These will include 5 existing (upper West, Northern, Central, Greater Accra and Volta region) and 3 new regions (Eastern, Ashanti and Brong Ahafo). The rationale for CARE to expand to two new Region( Ashanti and Brong Ahafo is to build on existing youth initiatives in the cocoa growing region and create synergy with youth focused initiatives supported by Cadbury, to engage youth in the cocoa growing region where there is significantly higher percentage of youth. The Eastern Region is also the only area where plan currently work which has not yet benefited from financial inclusion (VSLA) programmes, together, PLAN and CARE would have achieved almost full country coverage and scale in BoCII enhancing Barclays visibility nationwide.
With over 3.7 million VSLA members across sub Saharan Africa between CARE (3.1 million) and PLAN (627,000) more and more evidence show that-even if VSLAs are independent- the scheme itself is not sufficient for group members who are asking for further support to lift themselves out of poverty and continue their pathway to more financial inclusion. The table indicate the type of add on to done in BoCII.
Community waste management, climate smart sustainable agriculture and Livelihood development
PARTNERSHIP BETWEEN ABOFAP AND GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT FACILITY SMALL GRANT PROGRAM (GEF/SGP) FROM DECEMBER 2017 – DECEMBER 2019
Project Number: GH/SGP/OP6/Y3/CORE/CH/2017/02
SUMMARY OF PROJECT STATUS:
Abrono Organic Farming Project (ABOFAP) is implemented community waste management, climate smart sustainable agriculture and livelihood development project in three communities namely Forikrom, Fiaso and Tanoso in Techiman Municipal of Brong Ahafo Region. The project will support other Government initiative into offering women and the youth jobs and training and making them self-supporting.
- Waste management is big challenge due to increasing population in Techiman Municipality.
- Increase land degradation attributed to unsustainable poor land use.
- Excessive use of agro-chemicals in farming, improper farming practice, poor soil and pest management.
- Vegetable farmer in Techiman Municipality depend heavily on agro-chemicals without considering of it short and long term adverse effect on the environment.
The project will support other Government initiative into offering women and the youth jobs and training and making them self-supporting.
By the end of the project about 300 farmers (women and youth) have learnt the techniques of organic vegetable production and 500 household learnt proper ways of waste segregation and disposal.
Moreover, the farmers have increased their income and also reduce the use of agro-chemicals. The train farmers, youth and households will transfer their knowledge to other community members.
Climate Smart Sustainable Agriculture, Community Ecotourism and Livelihood Development
CURRENTLY IMPLEMENTING FOREST AND FARM FACILITY PROJECT PARTNERSHIP BETWEEN ABOFA AND FAO FROM JULY 2019 – 2024 for the benefit of its members and other producer organization through the establishment of grass root and transitional zone round tables.
NB: (Some donors are not comfortable with ABOFAP the P which stand for project we have grown in numbers so we are using the name ABOFA – Abrono Organic Farmers Association for the purpose of this current project).
The FFF and ABOFA have agreed that ABOFA will provide certain services to support the climate smart sustainable Agriculture, community ecotourism and livelihood development for the benefit of ABOFA members and other producer organizations. Through the establishment of grassroots and transitional zone round tables.
This will improve the organization and business capacity of ABOFA to advance in sustainable ecological and Agriculture in the transitional zone of Ghana for the benefit of its members and other FFPO in the transition zone.
The purpose for which the funds provided by FAO under this Agreement shall be
used are the following:
(i) Objective. The Services will contribute to the following Organizational
objective: improve the organizational and business capacity of ABOFA to
advance sustainable ecological agriculture in transitional zone of Ghana
for the benefit of its members and other FFPOs in the transition zone.
(ii) Outcomes. The Service Provider will produce, achieve or deliver the
- ABOFA have clear advocacy agendas that represent all their
members’ interst and engaging in cross-sectoral multi-stakeholder
- ABOFA have capacity to deliver targeted business incubation
services to its members.
- ABOFA contribution to climate resilient landscape level programs
has increased and benefiting its members.
- ABOFA have systems in place to provide social and cultural
services (targeting the most vulnerable members) to its members.
(iii) Activities. The Service Provider will undertake the following activities:
- Hold project inception meeting to provide project details and LoA
- Organize ABOFA general meeting to present work plans and
budgets for approval by members
- Strengthening the capacity of 50 women and youth in group
dynamic, leadership and governance skill.
- Review ABOFA Constitution to become more gender sensitive and
improve membership commitment to internal fundraising.
- Increase collaboration and networking between and among FFPOs,
government and other actors through the transition zone round
- Identify priority business for ABOFA members and undertake
value chain and market assessment.
- Develop business incubation plan for priority business through the
support of business incubation experts.
- Train women and youth in Agro-ecology farming practices and
climate smart Sustainable agriculture.
- Support ABOFA members to access planting materials under the
Government climate resilient programmes
- Identify and prioritize the development of ecotourism opportunities
in the communities
- Identify and develop strategy to ensure ABOFA members benefit
from social and cultural services (internal and external)
Community Training Programme (CTP)
CTP is involved in community integrated development, mobilization, sensitization and organization.
THIS IS ACHIEVED THROUGH:
- Offering training on Organic Agriculture and related fields
- Follow-up of trained community groups
- Campaigning, gender, advocacy and lobbying
- Community mobilization
- Exposition on an enhancement of indigenous knowledge preservation
- Vegetable crops production
- Alternative livelihood options
- Food banking
- Agro-ecology awareness
- Farmer to farmer extension delivery
|
agronomy
|
https://mushroommaggiesfarm.com/
| 2024-02-29T02:20:31 |
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474775.80/warc/CC-MAIN-20240229003536-20240229033536-00267.warc.gz
| 0.900235 | 145 |
CC-MAIN-2024-10
|
webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-10__0__15403172
|
en
|
Farm tour and our story...
Who we are...
Hello! We are Maggie Long & Cyrus Lester--- a husband and wife duo living and working along with our two children in St. Francisville, Louisiana. We are passionate about mushrooms and about Louisiana farmers. We are a small family-run business growing our mushrooms from petri dish to your dish.
Cyrus & Maggie
DID YOU KNOW?... MUSHROOMS ARE A SUPERFOOD!
Our mushrooms don't just taste amazing, they are also great for your health!
Lion's Mane Tincture
Mushroom Maggie's Farm Merchandise!
Hand-printed tees and totes, stickers, and more!
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agronomy
|
http://arrild.onmypc.info/vague/Essay-About-Red-Soil-Images.html
| 2020-10-29T14:45:01 |
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-45/segments/1603107904287.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20201029124628-20201029154628-00256.warc.gz
| 0.91944 | 991 |
CC-MAIN-2020-45
|
webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2020-45__0__15647034
|
en
|
The red soil indicates that it is rich in iron or Fe 2 O 3 while yellow colour suggests the presence of hydrated compounds namely Fe (OH) 3. In some tropical areas, green soil is also found indicating the presence of high concentration of ferrous compounds such as ferrous oxide etc. The white soil relates to the presence of calcium carbonate in excess.
Download 11,294 Red Soil Dirt Stock Photos for FREE or amazingly low rates! New users enjoy 60% OFF. 132,392,837 stock photos online.
Red soil is an important soil resource, which bears substantial implication for sustainable development of agriculture and healthy growth of economy. However, the red soil in China has been deteriorating in recent years and facing many threats, such as soil erosion, acidification, and pollution. Among these, contamination of heavy metals, particularly arsenic and cadmium pollution in paddy.Red soil is a type of soil that develops in a warm, temperate, moist climate under deciduous or mixed forest, having thin organic and organic-mineral layers overlying a yellowish-brown leached layer resting on an illuvium red layer. Red soils are generally derived from crystalline rock. They are usually poor growing soils, low in nutrients and humus and difficult to be cultivated because of.Google Images. The most comprehensive image search on the web.
In the case of soil-borne diseases, the pathogens can remain in the soil for long periods, waiting for the host - our plants - to come along. The environmental conditions can vary widely. Some pathogens favor damp conditions, some like certain soil pH levels and others target tender, succulent growth.Read More
Red soils are highly leached soils of the humid tropics having a high content of sesquioxides. In the current system of U. S. Soil Taxonomy, red soils are usually designated under the orders of Oxisols, Ultisols, and occasionally Alfisols, Mollisols and even Inceptisols. Red soils are predominantly found in South America, Central Africa, South and Southeast Asia, China, India, Japan and.Read More
Download Sandy soil stock photos. Affordable and search from millions of royalty free images, photos and vectors.Read More
Soils and Foundations is one of the leading journals in the field of soil mechanics and geotechnical engineering. It is the official journal of the Japanese Geotechnical Society (JGS)., The journal publishes a variety of original research paper, technical reports, technical notes, as well as the state-of-the-art reports upon invitation by the Editor, in the fields of soil and rock mechanics.Read More
Soil should be well-draining and rich in organic matter. A soil consistency somewhere between sandy and loamy will ensure that the soil drains well and warms quickly. Soil pH should be on the acidic side—5.5 to 6.5, ideally. A week before transplanting peppers into the garden, introduce fertilizer or aged compost into your garden soil.Read More
Search from 60 top Soil pictures and royalty-free images from iStock. Find high-quality stock photos that you won't find anywhere else.Read More
Loamy soil is one of the riches soil types because of its composition. Loamy soil is composed of a mixture of clay, sand, silt, and decaying organic materials (humus). The soil has a pH level of 6 with high calcium content and the potential of retaining water and nutrients for relatively longer periods. This is what makes it one of the riches soils for crop production. The distinguishable.Read More
Bing helps you turn information into action, making it faster and easier to go from searching to doing. Images; Videos; Maps; News; Shopping; MSN; Office. Outlook. Word. Excel. PowerPoint. OneNote. Sway. OneDrive. Calendar. People. Sign in Rewards. Track local and global case numbers and the latest news. Coronavirus tracker. Get the new Bing Wallpaper app. Play today's quiz. Gray wolf with.Read More
Find professional Red Soil videos and B-roll stock footage available for license in film, television, advertising and corporate uses. Getty Images offers exclusive rights-ready and premium royalty-free analog, HD, and 4K video that you won't find anywhere else in the world.Read More
Soil supports germination: Without soil, the earth would have lacked plants, trees, and forests. When a seed from tree falls on to the soil. Soil gives safe protection and the environment for its growth. Hence it is useful for the germination of seeds to grow into plants. Without soil, there would have been no trees and plants on the earth. More than 95% of trees in this world are grown.Read More
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agronomy
|
http://kaminoge.blogspot.com/2009/12/strawberry-pickin_14.html
| 2018-01-21T08:56:00 |
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-05/segments/1516084890394.46/warc/CC-MAIN-20180121080507-20180121100507-00009.warc.gz
| 0.941868 | 123 |
CC-MAIN-2018-05
|
webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2018-05__0__166297817
|
en
|
Sunday, December 13, 2009
Strawberry Pickin' いちごを摘んでいる
A "sacred tree" close to the restaurant where we had lunch this afternoon.
Much to Amber's delight, we went to a strawberry farm in T'antzu (Tanshi) 潭子 in order to pick some of my daughter's favorite fruit. Fruit farmers are geniuses - come harvest time, they can sit back and collect money from city dwellers who are more than happy to do the picking for them.
(Insert comment here)
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agronomy
|
http://www.kitchakcellars.com/about-us/vineyards
| 2017-02-23T23:01:11 |
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-09/segments/1487501171251.27/warc/CC-MAIN-20170219104611-00255-ip-10-171-10-108.ec2.internal.warc.gz
| 0.910257 | 731 |
CC-MAIN-2017-09
|
webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2017-09__0__178093464
|
en
|
ToKalon Vineyard, Oakville, Napa Valley.
Beckstoffer's famous To Kalon Vineyard is the source for our Concerto To Kalon Vineyard, Napa Valley Cabernet Sauvignon.
Purchased by Beckstoffer Vineyards in 1993, the 89-acre parcel was part of the original 359-acre To Kalon vineyard first planted by Hamilton Crabb in 1868. In the 1880s, the wines of Crabb ranked among Napa Valley's top vintages. To Kalon has continued to produce some of the Napa Valley's and America's most sought-after wines every decade since. Today, in addition to the Beckstoffer parcel, Mondavi owns 250 acres of To Kalon and the University of California, Davis, the remaining 20 acres. In addition to being a source of Kitchak Cellars Concerto, the vineyard produces a number of America's top Cabernets including Schrader Cellars, Paul Hobbs, Atalon, Karl Lawrence, Juslyn, Behrens & Hitchcock, Cain, Provenance, Cardinale, Etude, and others. See California’s Best Single Vineyards [See article], and Fabled Ground article [See article]. The To Kalon Vineyard was also named as one of America's Top 10 Vineyards by Food and Wine Magazine [See article].
Lake Cynthia Vineyards, Napa Valley, California.
Owned by Kitchak Cellars, the Lake Cynthia Vineyard is the source for SCHERZO, our Cabernet Rosato. The grapes for our very top Cabernet - CRESCENDO are grown here. It is also the source for both Merlot and Cabernet Sauvignon for our ADAGIO, Proprietary Blend, Napa Valley Red Wine and our MOZART Napa Valley Estate Reserve Merlot. It is also the source for the Marsanne and Roussanne grapes for our VIVACE' Ermitage Blanc white wine.
The Lake Cynthia Vineyard's microclimate features foggy mornings, warm days and cool bay breezes in the late afternoon. The soils consist of moderately to well drained rocky soils on old alluvial fans which are excellent for extraordinary Cabernet Sauvignon and Merlot grapes. Because of its location on the Silverado Bench at the southern end of the Napa Valley, Lake Cynthia Vineyard's temperatures are often 10 degrees cooler than the temperatures just a few miles north as a result of the regular late afternoon breeze blowing up the valley from the San Pablo Bay and San Francisco Bay. Located on the east side of the valley, the Vineyard also receives more hours of afternoon sun than the vineyards on the valley floor or on the west side of the valley. The result is an excellent balance of a large amount of light without too much heat, less respiration of grape acids due to the cooler temperatures and greater ripening of fruit due to both longer hours of sunlight and longer "hang-time" prior to picking in the fall.
Lake Cynthia Vineyard and Kitchak Cellars Winery comprises a total of 20 acres of property; 11 of which are planted with Merlot, Cabernet Sauvignon, Cabernet Franc, Petit Verdot, Marsanne and Roussanne. The vineyard typically produces enough high quality grapes (about 35-45 tons) to make approximately 75-90 barrels of wine – approximately 2,000 cases or 24,000 bottles of wine.
|
agronomy
|
https://www.millionairesrowcider.com/about
| 2024-03-05T14:37:46 |
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707948235171.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20240305124045-20240305154045-00493.warc.gz
| 0.949313 | 439 |
CC-MAIN-2024-10
|
webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-10__0__29128555
|
en
|
top of page
We are a mom and pop (and son!) operating an Okanagan craft cidery. Together we run the orchard and then go through all the complex work it takes to make the best apple ciders we possibly can. This venture is only made possible by combining our diverse skill sets.
Even with all the daily challenges that come with being in this type of business, it continues to be a whole lotta fun! Our favorite part is doing cider tastings and meeting craft cider lovers.
Nelson, Brett, and Janet Annable.
The cidery is located on an orchard that is over 100 years old.
We have many different types of apple planting. We also have many different types of apples. There are modern dessert apples like Ambrosia and Gala, heritage apples, crabs apples, and traditional cider apples that no one has heard of.
These apples are hand harvested at peak time to bring forward the best characteristic for our cider.
It's Summerland's Story
Our story starts in the early 1900s, with Lord Thomas Shaughnessy of the Canadian Pacific Railway. Shaughnessy landed in Summerland and immediately took a kind liking to the area. He saw the potential for fruit lots to be developed in Summerland and then export this high quality fruit all throughout Canada. Of course, being a railway man, he envisioned the Canadian Pacific Railway would be the means of exporting this new and exciting produce.
The Summerland Development Company extended Shaughnessy's vision of a bright future. Many influential businessmen bought the orchard lots with hopes of newly planted trees bringing prosperity. These wealthy investors is why the Prairie Valley area gained the nickname 'Millionaires' Row.'
Here is the best part of the story...
People from all over Canada came to the sunny Okanagan and bought the fruit lots. The inflows of a diverse group of hard-working, ambitious people from all over Canada brought success to Summerland.
Today our 10 acre property continues in the long running Millionaires' Row tradition of growing the highest quality fruit and offering it for all to enjoy!
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agronomy
|
http://grits-n-pieces.blogspot.com/2013/11/elder-arrington-cotton-picker.html
| 2018-07-18T15:51:26 |
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-30/segments/1531676590295.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20180718154631-20180718174631-00054.warc.gz
| 0.986629 | 311 |
CC-MAIN-2018-30
|
webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2018-30__0__216061943
|
en
|
Monday, the Fentons had to drive up north of here and set up an apartment. When they got back, Sister Fenton was raving about the beautiful cotton fields they saw. When we told her that we had never seen a cotton field, she decided that we needed a little field trip. We closed the office at 4:30 and two car-loads of us drove over to Congaree - a different, but closer area that had cotton fields.
The fields we saw had recently frozen, and had turned brown, but when we drove up to one, it was being harvested - so we parked and walked out to watch. Two huge combines were combing the field in strips - picking cotton and hauling it back to a huge baler. Once the cotton bolls were dumped into the baler, a couple of tampers went over the top of it - pressing it down and compacting it. Then the combine dumped more on top and the process was repeated till the combine was empty. Then it would take a few more swipes through the field.
Jack got curious, and walked right out to talk to one of the drivers, who had gotten down out of his machine. When the drive climbed back in, he invited Jack to go out into the fields with him - and of course, he accepted the invitation!
|Elder Arrington aboard the cotton combine! Lovin' every minute of it!|
|Photo of a beautiful little cotton boll that Sister Fenton brought back to the office|
|
agronomy
|
https://happeninz.com/what-to-do-after-overseeding-your-lawn/
| 2023-06-02T04:11:59 |
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-23/segments/1685224648322.84/warc/CC-MAIN-20230602040003-20230602070003-00234.warc.gz
| 0.943158 | 1,266 |
CC-MAIN-2023-23
|
webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-23__0__266462779
|
en
|
Maintaining a healthy and lush lawn is a priority for many homeowners. Overseeding is an important part of lawn care that helps to restore the thickness and beauty of your grass. Once you have overseeded your lawn, it is important to take proper care to ensure that the new seeds germinate and grow properly. In this article, we will guide you on what to do after overseeding your lawn to achieve a beautiful and healthy lawn.
Overseeding is the process of spreading grass seed over an existing lawn to help fill in thin or bare areas, improve grass density, and enhance the overall appearance of the lawn. This process helps to increase the health of your lawn, making it more resistant to weeds, pests, and diseases.
What is Overseeding?
Overseeding is the process of planting new grass seed into an existing lawn without tearing up the soil or removing the existing grass. The new seeds will germinate and grow alongside the existing grass, which will help to improve the density and health of your lawn. Overseeding is an effective way to improve the appearance of your lawn and maintain a healthy grass cover.
When to Overseed Your Lawn?
The best time to overseed your lawn is during the fall season when the temperatures are cooler, and the soil is moist. During this season, the soil is warm enough for the seeds to germinate quickly, and the cooler temperatures provide the ideal environment for growth. Additionally, there is usually more rainfall during the fall season, which makes it easier to keep your lawn properly watered.
Preparing Your Lawn for Overseeding
Before you begin overseeding your lawn, you need to prepare it properly to ensure the best results. Start by mowing your lawn as short as possible and removing any debris, leaves, or dead grass. This will help to expose the soil and create a good seed-to-soil contact.
You can also rake your lawn to loosen the soil and remove any thatch or dead grass. This will help to improve the seed’s contact with the soil and improve germination.
Choosing the Right Seeds for Overseeding
Choosing the right grass seed for overseeding is critical to the success of the process. Select a seed that is suited to the growing conditions of your area, such as the climate and soil type. You can choose between cool-season or warm-season grasses depending on your location. Additionally, select a grass seed that is disease-resistant and tolerant to drought and heat stress.
How to Overseed Your Lawn?
Start by spreading the seed evenly over your lawn using a spreader. You can also apply the seeds manually by hand. Aim to distribute the seed evenly and avoid spreading too much in one area. After spreading the seed, rake the soil lightly to ensure good seed-to-soil contact.
After overseeding, it is crucial to provide proper care to the new seeds to ensure they grow properly. Here are some essential steps to follow:
Watering Your Lawn after Overseeding
Water your lawn lightly and frequently for the first two weeks after overseeding to keep the soil moist. Watering should be done in the morning to allow the grass to dry out before nightfall, which helps to prevent disease. Use a gentle sprinkler or mist nozzle to avoid disturbing the seeds. Aim to keep the soil consistently moist, but avoid overwatering as this can lead to rotting or washing away of the seeds.
Fertilizing Your Lawn after Overseeding
Fertilizing your lawn after overseeding is crucial to provide the necessary nutrients for growth. Apply a high-phosphorus fertilizer to the lawn immediately after overseeding. Phosphorus is critical for the growth and development of roots, which helps the grass to establish quickly. Repeat the application of fertilizer after 6-8 weeks to promote healthy growth and to maintain a lush lawn.
Mowing Your Lawn after Overseeding
Wait until the new grass has grown to a height of 3-4 inches before mowing. When mowing, set the blade to the highest setting to avoid cutting the new grass too short. Gradually reduce the height of the mower blade over time as the new grass establishes itself. Avoid mowing when the grass is wet or in the heat of the day, as this can cause stress to the grass and increase the risk of disease.
Managing Weeds after Overseeding
Weeds can compete with the new grass for nutrients and sunlight, which can slow down its growth. It is essential to manage weeds effectively after overseeding. Apply a pre-emergent herbicide before overseeding to prevent weeds from germinating. Additionally, remove any weeds that may have emerged after overseeding by hand or using a weed killer. Avoid using a weed killer immediately after overseeding, as it can kill the new grass as well.
Overseeding is a crucial step in maintaining a healthy and beautiful lawn. It helps to restore the thickness and beauty of your grass, making it more resistant to weeds, pests, and diseases. Proper post-overseeding care is essential to ensure that the new seeds germinate and grow properly. Following the steps outlined above will help you achieve a healthy and lush lawn that will make your neighbors envious.
- How long does it take for new grass seed to germinate after overseeding?
- It usually takes between 7-14 days for new grass seed to germinate after overseeding.
- Can I apply weed killer immediately after overseeding?
- No, it is recommended to wait at least 4-6 weeks after overseeding before applying weed killer.
- How often should I water my lawn after overseeding?
- Water your lawn lightly and frequently for the first two weeks after overseeding to keep the soil consistently moist.
- Should I mow my lawn immediately after overseeding?
- No, wait until the new grass has grown to a height of 3-4 inches before mowing.
- Can I walk on my lawn after overseeding?
- It is best to avoid walking on your lawn after overseeding to prevent damage to the new seeds.
|
agronomy
|
http://paper.grassandgrain.com/t/14227
| 2014-10-22T07:57:58 |
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-42/segments/1413507446323.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20141017005726-00039-ip-10-16-133-185.ec2.internal.warc.gz
| 0.973031 | 1,420 |
CC-MAIN-2014-42
|
webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2014-42__0__62068813
|
en
|
Issue link: http://paper.grassandgrain.com/i/400882
By Donna Sullivan, Editor Seven Kansas City food bloggers had the opportuni- ty to head west and experi- ence Kansas agriculture and food products October 15-17. Kansas Farm Bu- reau and Kansas Soybean partnered on the Kansas Food Farm Tour, which began at a basil farm in Basehor and went as far west as the McCarty Dairy in Rexford before heading back through Salina to visit the Smoky Hill Winery and Hank Charcuterie, a Lawr- ence restaurant specializing in charcuterie products made from Kansas-raised animals that are butchered in-house, before boarding the bus to head back to Kansas City. Stops in be- tween included the Good Farm in Olsburg, where they heard about heritage pork production followed by at the Mertz Farm, where they experienced a gourmet meal of locally sourced food prepared by Russ Loub of Little Apple Brewing Company. Mary Mertz also described their family's involvement in agri-tourism, including their Feast of the Field event held each year in June. From there they traveled to McPherson for a visit to the Sawyer Farm. The next morning they traveled to Scott City for lunch and a tour at Nu-Life, followed by watching sorghum being harvested. Angela Muir, whose blog is called Handmade in the Heartland, was im- pressed by what she saw at Good Farm, and the care each of their hogs received. She reflected on how the word "feedlot" conjures up negative images in today's popular culture. "The pork farmer said that we would consider these pens or lots, but they're definitely not as scary and horrible as what you might imagine. They're outside in specific areas, but they're not small by any means." She appre- ciated the way he used the well-being of the ani- mal to gauge its health. "They're growing and they're healthy, so there's a good environment there," she said. Chelsea Fanders, who writes a blog called Whatcha Makin' Now, was amazed at all the care that goes into growing basil and thoroughly enjoyed her farm visits. "It's so much fun to see great people doing what they're passion- ate about and giving us a great product," she said. By Donna Sullivan, Editor With funding from indus- try donations and Kansas State University's Depart- ment of Animal Sciences and Industry, the K-State Swine Teaching and Re- search Center recently added a new 140x33' nurs- ery building to its facilities. While not increasing the farm inventory, the new building is expected to make better use of existing barn space for teaching and research. It will house newly weaned piglets from weaning to twelve weeks old. Under the old system, nursery pigs were moved to a "grower" barn so the next group of weaned piglets could go into the nursery. It is anticipated the change will provide better teaching capabilities for undergradu- ate and graduate students, as well as better opportunities for nutritional research for pigs weighing between 50- 80 pounds. The new facility includes 86 pens that can each hold up to five pigs and a con- necting hallway to the far- rowing barn and nursery rooms. There is a 16x33' feed room for bagged re- search diet feed and two bulk feed bins for standard nursery feed. A hanging floor scale can weigh entire pens of pigs. A mechanical ventilation system includes ceiling in- lets for incoming air, two natural gas heaters and mul- tiple exhaust fans to remove room moisture and increase air flow for cooling purpos- es. Easily adjustable feeders in each pen provide a steady flow of fresh feed and each pen includes individual nipple-waterers. Total cost for the facility was $360,000. "The Kansas Pork Asso- ciation has been supporting the K-State Swine Team's mission of providing re- search results to help the state's pig farmers for many years," said Tim Stroda, KPA president-CEO, in the KPA newsletter. "Our farm- ers recognize the impor- tance of facilities that allow research to be completed in buildings similar to those being used in the industry." According to Joel DeR- ouchey, KSU professor and Extension specialist, the re- search done at the swine unit focuses mainly on feed and ingredient evaluation such as wheat and distiller's grains ¬– ingredients com- monly used by Kansas pro- ducers. "We also do a lot of feed processing research with the grain science group that has a brand new feed mill," he said. "Looking at particle size, pellet diets, various ways to use a feed mill and then feed it to the pigs to improve efficiency and profitability. We really spend a lot of time on the whole nutrient requirements to formulate those diets cor- rectly so ultimately the pigs perform the best they can for producers." One type of research that isn't done at the swine farm is PEDv studies, as so far the virus has not affected their herd. They do partner with the vet school and work in conjunction with Iowa State University to study the virus. "But as far as the swine farm, we're doing everything we can to keep PEDv out," De- Rouchey said. It's the ten to twelve graduate and six to eight un- dergraduate students that conduct their research at the farm each year that De- Rouchey believes will have the biggest impact on the swine industry in Kansas. "With the new unit we have the same equipment that any new, modern com- mercial-sized facility would have," he said. "So we're able to utilize it for teaching on modern equipment. Ulti- mately that research helps train those students to go out and help producers in their careers as they are in feed companies or other industry positions. Then that re- search helps our Kansas producers." KSU swine unit adds nursery facility — research will benefit Kansas producers Left: a new 140-33' nursery facility has been added to the KSU swine complex. Above, KSU professor and Ex- tension specialist Joel DeRouchey shows the pens that can hold up to five piglets. The galvanized gating and flooring are designed for extended building longevity. Food bloggers experience agriculture on Kansas Food Farm Tour Russ Loub of Little Apple Brewing Company described the locally sourced meal the bloggers were about to enjoy, which included braised shoulder of lamb from the Mertz farm, salad greens from Southside Gardens in Manhattan and bread from Radina's in Manhattan, which is made from Kansas flour. The Mertz family welcomed the bloggers to River Creek Farms for lunch as they journeyed across the state making the farm-to-fork connection.
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agronomy
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https://meritnotes.com/gk-questions/geography-soil-questions/1-77713/
| 2021-09-27T19:59:03 |
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-39/segments/1631780058467.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20210927181724-20210927211724-00662.warc.gz
| 0.921233 | 387 |
CC-MAIN-2021-39
|
webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2021-39__0__107495029
|
en
|
100+ Geography Questions and Answers for Competitive Exams - 1
Give the importance of the soil?
The plants are able to grow, extending their roots downwards only because of the presence of soil.
They absorb water and required minerals from the soil.
So the plants grow only because of the presence of soil.
It is clear that soil is responsible for the existence of plants, animals and mankind.
It is soil that makes the earth a biosphere.
What is known as soil erosion?
The process of removal of soil from one place is known as soil erosion.
What is soil?
Soil is made up of minute particles of disintegrated rocks, containing minerals, decomposed organic matter and bacteria.
What are the harms of soil erosion?
Due to erosion the fertility of soil decreases.
The yield decreases and the production also decreases.
The output of food grain, oil seeds etc diminishes.
The diminishing returns affect the standard.
How is soil formed from the rocks?
When the big rocks are broken, stones are formed.
When the stones are broken, jally is formed.
When the jally is crushed, soil is formed.
In the same way soil is formed by disintegration of rocks when they are subjected to natural resources.
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agronomy
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http://eatnabout.com/
| 2015-03-28T18:45:35 |
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-14/segments/1427131297689.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20150323172137-00050-ip-10-168-14-71.ec2.internal.warc.gz
| 0.956744 | 641 |
CC-MAIN-2015-14
|
webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2015-14__0__22780192
|
en
|
Since I moved to my own place, I’ve developed an interest and love of growing edibles. Each year I try to grow at least 5 things. This year’s no different. I’m by no means a master gardener of any sort (in fact, my attempt at growing radishes, which are supposed to be one of the easiest to grow, failed miserably), but as a speaker at a talk I once went to said, “Gardeners are eternal optimists.”, I will try and try again. Plus, there are so many things to choose from to grow, there’s got to be a few out there that will become my favorites.
I haven’t really blogged about gardening much but I thought it’s about time I do, as it does bring me a lot of joy.
This year’s gardening season has begun for me. I always enjoy starting my own seeds because then I get to watch the whole life cycle of my babies, and there’s a certain sense of accomplishment to seeing your seeds germinate to a seedling, then a young plant, then a producing mature participant of your gardening family. And eventually, you get to eat them, watch them die, clean them up, then start all over again next year!
There are usually 2-3 things I always grow, plus a few new trials. Here’s my list for this year.
5 Things I’m Growing This Year
#1: Ground Cherries
This would be my third year growing Ground Cherries. They’ve always been a success for me and despite my lack of fertilization and somewhat frequent neglect, the ground cherries have always given me a fruitful harvest.
Ground cherries are part of the genus Physalis. They are closely related to tomatoes and look more like tiny tomatillos. Ground cherries grown within a papery husk and when ripe and ready for eating, falls from the plant onto the ground, hence their name. They’re sweet and taste tropical. Some people describe their taste as between pineapples and strawberries. I personally think they taste more pineappley.
I actually always have at least 3 different types of tomatoes growing each season. There’s just so many to choose from. Since I live in a condo, I try to scope out the balcony kinds, which grow shorter and bushier, but still (or so they say) manage to give me enough tomatoes for a sandwich here and there lol. But mostly I enjoy growing the cherry type, as they’re super sweet.
This year’s rotation are Iditarod Red, Al-kufa, Hahms Gelbe Topftomate, and Mohammed (a super dwarf variety, small enough to be grown in a 1 gallon pot). Last year the hahms failed on me…I only got one measly flavorless tomato out of it. This year I’m actually going to try to fertilize and see how that fares. See? Eternal optimist =)
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agronomy
|
http://grolind.is/english/
| 2020-06-02T14:19:23 |
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-24/segments/1590347425148.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20200602130925-20200602160925-00436.warc.gz
| 0.921336 | 209 |
CC-MAIN-2020-24
|
webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2020-24__0__205432796
|
en
|
is a a long-term national vegetation and soil monitoring programme that is currently being developed in Iceland. It is managed by the Soil Conservation Service of Iceland (SCSI) and based on an agreement between the SCSI, Ministry of Industries and Innovation, the Farmers Association of Iceland and the Icelandic National Associations of Sheep Farmers.
The monitoring will focus on variables linked to ecosystem functions and structure to assess the conditions of the vegetation and soil resources and any changes over time. The programme will be based on an adaptive monitoring approach, span several spatial scales and focus on both land-use and vegetation and soil. Satellite images will provide large-scale data, while drones and on-site ecosystem analyses, by land users and specialists, will be used for obtaining higher resolution data. In addition, the project aims at developing indicators of sustainable land-use, using experiments, available information and results from the monitoring programme.
The overall goal is to use these ecological data to promote, in collaboration with stakeholders, sustainable land management in Icelandic rangelands.
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agronomy
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http://www.highview-farm.com/
| 2015-09-05T12:13:32 |
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-35/segments/1440646249598.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20150827033049-00069-ip-10-171-96-226.ec2.internal.warc.gz
| 0.954718 | 207 |
CC-MAIN-2015-35
|
webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2015-35__0__83062997
|
en
|
Dear neighbors and customers of High View Farm,
We have made the decision to down size and simplify our life . It is now time to sell our beautiful farm and in doing so, provide the opportunity for others to participate in the pleasures and joys of farm living. We want to thank you for your friendship and support over the years. It has been our pleasure to share our products with people that sincerely care about the welfare of animals and buying local, healthy food.
We will continue to support sustainable agriculture and the local, artisan food movement where ever our new adventure takes us. Our only hope is that the next owners of High View Farm will experience the same pleasure in the changing of the seasons and the satisfaction of contributing to a better world that comes with farming.
Linda Geren and Michael McKay
If you are interested in becoming the new owner of High View Farm please follow this link to see more photos of the farm and find important details about the farm: MLS# 6454651 listed at ERA Distinctive Properties
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agronomy
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http://rainwatercatchment.blogspot.com/2014/03/pumping-water.html
| 2018-04-25T14:06:56 |
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-17/segments/1524125947822.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20180425135246-20180425155246-00324.warc.gz
| 0.957325 | 238 |
CC-MAIN-2018-17
|
webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2018-17__0__22432684
|
en
|
|Sump Pump before installation into the IBC Tote|
Friday, March 28, 2014
I have to pump water in a variety of ways. First, I have to pump from the primary storage tanks to the secondary tanks. Additionally, in order to get the required pressure into the irrigation system I have to further boost the pressure of the water coming out of the secondary tanks going into the irrigation system to 30 PSI. In order to accomplish this I have installed pumps into the IBC tote and plumbed the line to the irrigation system. I have illustrated below the way I am arranging the pump.
I have now installed and plumbed in the sump pump to remove water under pressure from the tanks. I have two ball valves in the line so that I can have the irrigation water line feed shut off and use the pump with the faucets in that section of the yard, or I can open the valve to the irrigation line and pump water into my irrigation system. Alternatively, I can run water directly from my irrigation system to my faucets by closing the valve to the tank. See illustration below.
last modified 6/20/2014
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agronomy
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https://blog.impossibleroads.org/category/high-hopes-savory-relief-room/
| 2022-01-19T22:42:53 |
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-05/segments/1642320301592.29/warc/CC-MAIN-20220119215632-20220120005632-00000.warc.gz
| 0.950392 | 1,408 |
CC-MAIN-2022-05
|
webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2022-05__0__93048070
|
en
|
Impossible Roads program that has weekly interface with those in need all around the world by providing a gourmet meal.
This season gardeners are likely to grow more vegetables at home than at any time in the last century, except for the Victory Garden period of World War II.
No matter how soon or how slowly the Covid-19 crisis wanes, people will want the secure feeling that some food is growing in the yard, and they will probably want to go to the grocery store less frequently than before. In the meantime, the High Hopes Savory and Relief room community gardens are thriving and being prepped for a high yield to match the high demand that these times present.
If you would like to start you own community or backyard garden, we have compiled a list of tips and answers to frequently asked questions should you decide to join us in growing organic food for your family and community. Whatever you call your project, these tips and answers to common questions should help you to use your time and space well.
1. How much growing space do I need?
Depending on your food preferences, a 10-by-10- or 10-by-20-foot garden is enough for families of two or four. (The average American garden in much of the 1990s was 200 square feet.)
If you build raised beds and plant them intensively, you can grow a lot of food in two or three beds just 3 feet wide and 6 feet long. These sizes certainly don’t allow room for corn plots or great sprawling winter squashes, but they can give you a season of salads and vegetables.
For one person, just a few large planters can keep greens and tomatoes on your table for months.
2. Where should I make the garden or place the beds?
Most food crops grow best in full sun, with the exception of salad greens that do well in shade especially in the heat of summer. Also place the garden where you can manage to water it, and where you will see it. The eyes of the gardener are the best insurance against problems.
3. Can I plant directly into the ground?
If you have hard, compacted soil, or reason to suspect past pollution or contaminants in your yard, then the safest answer is building raised beds using commercial planting mixes or a product called “garden soil” (not just “topsoil,” which can be anything).
If you plan to plant where a lawn or former garden was growing, remove any weeds or sod (stack it for future compost), mix in some compost and plant at soil level.
4. How wide should the rows be?
Single-row gardening is inefficient, wastes space, and leaves too much room for weeds. We recommend wide rows (at least 3 feet) with foot paths between them. You can raise the beds a little higher than the paths (just add compost). Then plant thickly and interplant with herbs and flowers (especially pollinator-pleasing natives), so soil is covered. This layout also discourages walking on the bed.
5. Where can I get soil, compost, plants and tools?
Especially this year we hear worries about getting supplies if garden centers aren’t open. Maybe they will open by the time you need most supplies. (It’s too soon to plant most crops.) Meanwhile, most take credit cards by phone and will bring purchases out to the car. Businesses still deliver sod, soil and more.
Call these businesses. Many have already experienced heavy losses this season – no Plantasia, no Easter and maybe a slow Mother’s Day. They need you for survival. Personally we encourage supporting local green businesses and farmers markets.
6. Is there a seed shortage?
George Ball (now with Burpee Seed Co.) reports that seed sales always spike in times of crises, (wars, 1970s oil crises, 1987 stock market crash, dotcom bust in 2000). But “we’re being flooded with vegetable orders now,” he said.
It’s the largest and most widely spread spike he has witnessed. Still, we believe that most gardeners will be able to secure most seeds. Check with garden centers, grocery stores, hardware stores and look in your own cupboards.
Many gardeners never plant all the seeds they have. This is a very good time to share extra seeds. (Most older seeds do germinate, even if not 100%.)
7. What should we grow?
This is a very subjective question, with some obvious answers: What do you really eat, and what do you go out to buy most often? The following are popular, high-demand edibles. Try your own favorites, but in all cases read the seed packets or plant tags before you plant.
• Salad greens are easiest to grow (and since they are perishable they require more trips to the grocery store.) So plant some seeds of lettuces, spinach, arugula, kale. Swiss chard, etc., in cool soil this month.
• Tomatoes are America’s favorite “vegetable” (technically a fruit). You can plant seeds in April and plant seedlings outside when the soil is warm (usually late May). It’s easier to buy tomato seedlings in late spring from farmers. Buy a variety of types; notice their expected size and which need supports.
• Carrots are fun, but require deep, prepared soil.
• Peas are easy (from seed) in early spring, followed by beans when the soil gets warm.
• Squashes are easy to grow from seed, needing warm soil (Memorial Day), and some space. Summer squash and zucchini are prolific. Winter squashes do sprawl but make a great, late harvest. Cucumbers are another vine crop that need to climb or ramble.
• Peppers and eggplants also require warm soil; plant seedlings in late May.
• Potatoes are a staple, and fun to grow. Choose varieties that are locally available (many more tasty than grocery store choices.)
• Fruit: It’s a large topic for another day, but I recommend raspberries for every garden as delightful and expensive in the store. Analyze if you have room for them and what they need.
8. What about pests?
If you have deer or rabbits in your area, put a fence around the garden. Attract beneficial insects (that help to manage pests) and pollinators by planting flowers in and around your vegetable plants. Do not spray pesticides – for your health, and for the health of insects and birds. Well-tended plants in the right soil and right location will mostly thrive.
Gardening takes a bit of learning and effort, but the rewards are great.
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agronomy
|
http://papaspark.org/
| 2014-03-07T07:33:49 |
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-10/segments/1393999636668/warc/CC-MAIN-20140305060716-00075-ip-10-183-142-35.ec2.internal.warc.gz
| 0.946716 | 180 |
CC-MAIN-2014-10
|
webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2014-10__0__112188230
|
en
|
This year Papa’s Park has been chosen to be part of the cooperative challenge in Lambeth and have been given funding for a gardening and community project. This will enable us to buy new tools/seeds/plants for the garden as well as training for volunteers and workshops open for all.
We had a great start up meeting last weekend.
ThisSunday at 2:30pm, Fabrice Boltho, community gardener at Myatt’s Field Park will be joining us to share his experise and help sow seeds at PAPA’s, which can be grown on in the Greenhouses at Myatt’s field Park.
Please come along for a family-centred demonstration and any gardening advice from Fabrice’s encyclopedic mind!
Hope to see you there,
Papa’s Gardening team
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agronomy
|
https://www.austinsodcompany.com/product-page/centipede
| 2021-04-23T14:44:21 |
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-17/segments/1618039594808.94/warc/CC-MAIN-20210423131042-20210423161042-00539.warc.gz
| 0.964023 | 140 |
CC-MAIN-2021-17
|
webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2021-17__0__61251155
|
en
|
CENTIPEDE Sod is considered a low-maintenance warm season grass and can be an alternative to Bermuda or Zoysia. Centipede is more shade tolerant than Bermuda but not as much as Zoysia. The aesthetics of Centipede are usually considered less than that of Bermuda and Zoysia. When dormant Centipede will have burnt red color which is less attractive than Zoysia or Bermuda. The benefits are its ability to adapt too many soil types and has little need for fertilizer or pesticides. Centipede lawns are good for property owners that want very little maintenance and are not as concerned with competing neighbors.
Centipede (504 Sq. Ft.)
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agronomy
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https://madeinflavours.com/brand/quinta-dos-murcas/
| 2022-12-09T01:46:53 |
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-49/segments/1669446711376.47/warc/CC-MAIN-20221209011720-20221209041720-00352.warc.gz
| 0.84411 | 105 |
CC-MAIN-2022-49
|
webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2022-49__0__184900008
|
en
|
Vineyard Spot: Douro, Portugal
Planted vine: 300.000 Vines
Website: Quinta dos Murças
One of our favorite wines from this producer:Quinta dos Murças Reserva – Old Vines-Pisa a pé
Interesting fact:VV47 originates from a historic vineyard, the first vertical vineyard planted in the Douro. Planted more than 70 years ago, this vineyard faces southwest and has a gradient of approximately 40%.
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agronomy
|
https://doityourzelf.com/30-awesome-diy-flowers-boxes-ideas/30-awesome-diy-flowers-boxes-ideas-7/
| 2021-09-20T13:48:47 |
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-39/segments/1631780057039.7/warc/CC-MAIN-20210920131052-20210920161052-00164.warc.gz
| 0.870157 | 425 |
CC-MAIN-2021-39
|
webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2021-39__0__106366197
|
en
|
The captivating 30 Awesome DIY Flowers Boxes Ideas (7) images below, is part of 30 Awesome DIY Flowers Boxes Ideas editorial which is classed as within DO IT YOURSELF, EXTERIOR, Crafts, DIY and posted at June 17, 2019.
30 Awesome DIY Flowers Boxes Ideas : 30 Awesome DIY Flowers Boxes Ideas (7)
This is a great time to dress your home with colors. You can achieve your purpose by planting flowers, ivies, veggies, herbs, and fruits. Compared to the garden beds, container plants such as planter boxes save your space and they are easy to maintain. Whether big or small, container plants bring us closer to nature and add color to our homes. We have made a roundup that features a lot of ideas to make cool planter boxes by yourself.
I have always loved seeing window boxes on houses. They just add so much design and beauty to your windows and can really improve your curb appeal. Aren’t plants just amazing? Most species are very easy to grow and offer a multitude of advantages. They look fresh and beautiful, they purify the air and some can even be consumed. There are a lot of cool ways to display and to care for your plants. Having a garden can be pretty awesome but is not a must. Our DIY planter box ideas are quite versatile and customizable which means you’ll be able to successfully grow beautiful herbs, flowers, and even vegetables just about anywhere.
Here is crucial instruction on DO IT YOURSELF, EXTERIOR, Crafts, DIY. We have the excellent substance for DO IT YOURSELF, EXTERIOR, Crafts, DIY. Check it out for yourself! You can get 30 Awesome DIY Flowers Boxes Ideas (7) guide and look the latest 30 Awesome DIY Flowers Boxes Ideas.
|Title||30 Awesome DIY Flowers Boxes Ideas (7)|
|Caption||30 Awesome DIY Flowers Boxes Ideas (7)|
|Published Date||June 17, 2019|
|Latest Updated Date||June 17, 2019|
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agronomy
|
https://www.manaprojects.com/blogs/how-to-create-an-awesome-balcony-garden-in-your-apartment.php
| 2024-04-21T08:07:51 |
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296817729.87/warc/CC-MAIN-20240421071342-20240421101342-00843.warc.gz
| 0.937556 | 1,263 |
CC-MAIN-2024-18
|
webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__32640869
|
en
|
Gardening is one of the pastimes that helps us relax and connect with nature. It’s also a way to beautify the home, make it lively, and spread good vibes.
Cities like Bangalore are growing rapidly, engulfing the spaces that once were dotted with greenery, trees, and natural wilderness. Concrete is replacing the landscape, which is also a cause of rising pollution.
However, all hopes are not lost yet. Balcony gardening is a way out even in the restricted space available in cities. If you live in residential apartment flats in Bangalore and enjoy gardening, you can try making a balcony garden. It’s easy and you can start without much hassle and investment.
A balcony garden can be as large or as little as the gardener's imagination or the amount of the available space allows. It can be as simple as a few railing baskets to as complex as several pots and vertical gardens covering every inch of wall space.
Now let’s answer the question - how to create a balcony garden?
First thing first, check the space you have in your flat in Bangalore to work with. You must also ensure that your balcony can support the weight of the clay pots, earth, and water.
After inspecting the space, determine which direction the house balcony faces and whether it receives adequate sunshine. Plant the seedlings in accordance with the weather parameters in your area. Ascertain that your balcony receives adequate sunshine and situate the pots correctly.
North-facing balconies are a little more difficult because they don't get as much sun. Look for plants that can flourish in partial or full shade. Some plants require 6 to 8 hours of sunlight to flourish, while others can only tolerate four hours.
Learn about plants before establishing a balcony garden. Perhaps you can learn anything online or read some books. Don't plant saplings in the excitement of establishing a balcony garden and kill the plant due to a lack of information.
There are numerous planters available on the market. Purchase the planters based on your needs. Check that the containers you intend to use are suitable for your plants' development patterns. Make certain that they have proper drainage as well. Terra cotta pots must also be watered more frequently than plastic or fiberglass pots.
Use potting soil, commonly known as container mix. It is highly aerated, sterile, lightweight, and composed of organic components as well as some minerals required for plant growth. These soils are extremely light. Avoid using moss, pea gravel, or shredded cedar in dry soil. Mulch should be applied to the soil.
Compost tea is ideal for apartment dwellers. If you are unable to manufacture compost, use tea compost water instead of watering your plants. These aid in the absorption of nutrients from the soil, resulting in healthier plants and faster growth.
Don't pour water right away once you've set up the garden. Ascertain that all of the water has been drained to the container's bottom. Excessive watering will only degrade the plant's quality. That is why learning about plants is essential.
Plants can be mixed and matched. Be astute enough to put the samples. Larger-leaved plants require more sunlight. These plants can be placed alongside the sapling that needs to be shaded. Plant some flower seedlings in one corner; organic herbs can be grown with the flowers to provide a nice aroma.
Planters can be hung on the balcony railings to decorate them. Set up colorful blooming plants and creepers in ceramic pots, clay pots, plastic pots, or self-made wooden planters.
Planters can also be hanging from the balcony ceiling. When hung from robust hooks and metal rods, wicker baskets, and terracotta pots can look stunning. As a precaution, ensure that both the railing and the ceiling are solid enough to support the weight of the pots.
Bird chirping can provide life to your balcony garden in your apartment in Sarjapur. Get some bird feeders to welcome your winged visitors! You can purchase ready-made bird feeders or create your own. A bird bath will be a welcome addition for the happy birds.
Set up some seats on your balcony to unwind in the midst of nature. You can choose wicker chairs, a modest center table, and some brightly colored stools. Add some cushions to make the space more comfortable. You can also add a hammock if you have enough space!
Without illumination, any decor is incomplete. So, fill your balcony garden with relaxing chandeliers, paper lanterns, and lovely fairy lights.
Aloe Vera - Aloe Vera is one of the most common household herbs. Aloe Vera requires relatively little care. If you do not already have this herb, I recommend that you purchase one as soon as possible.
Cucumbers - Cucumbers grow well on a sunny balcony.
Philodendron Birkin - It only needs bright, indirect light. If your balcony has some shadow, perch it to balance the sunlight and coolness.
Sago Palm - This lovely plant adds a tropical touch to your home. It appreciates indirect light, thrives in humid circumstances, and does not require regular watering.
Snake Plant - It is a low-maintenance succulent plant that does well with neglect.
Devils Ivy - It is regarded as the money plant, As per legend, keeping it in your home can add to your financial prosperity.
Spider Plant - This plant provides a wild look to your balcony.
Basil - Every Indian balcony has a basil plant. Known for its medical properties and immune-boosting properties, you can place it on your balcony to have a good aroma and spiritual vibes.
Balcony gardening is definitely one of the best ways to fill your home with natural vibes and liveliness. You can also feel relaxed while having the company of different plant species on your balcony.
Work on the suggestions given in this article and you can see a thriving garden in no time. Not only you but your visitors will also love to be in the favorite place of your home.
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agronomy
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https://miellerieabbaye.comwww.fijitimes.com/a-g-urged-to-look-into-stray-dogs-issue/
| 2022-08-08T22:46:23 |
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.1/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808213349-20220809003349-00157.warc.gz
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en
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A-G urged to look into stray dogs issue
2 July, 2022, 3:54 pm
A distraught farmer who lost 45 goats and sheep to stray dogs pleaded with Attorney-General Aiyaz Sayed-Khaiyum to look into the stray dog issue in Fiji.
The request was made by a Nadi farmer Anil Goundar at the recent 2022-2023 budget consultation at the Nadi Civic Centre.
He told the A-G the stray dog population in Fiji was a huge issue for farmers and the public.
“In past 14 days, I have lost about 45 goats and sheep to wild dogs and that’s a substantial amount for a farmer like me.”
Mr Goundar claimed the Agriculture Ministry used to conduct poisoning campaign some years ago but were forced to stop because of intervention from animal rights activists and the population began to grow again.
“These animals go hungry and they end up in our farms attacking our livestock.
“Every farmer wants to protect their produce and livestock, and this is happening.
“I am requesting if this issue can be looked into because it is affecting farmers like me a lot and I am losing my livestock.”
The A-G told Mr Goundar to send an email to his office and the issue would be looked into.
He informed Nadi residents at the budget consultation that wild pigs were also a huge concern for farmers in Tavua and neighbouring areas.
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agronomy
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http://www.buildprefab.in/ripening-chamber.html
| 2018-07-21T17:41:50 |
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-30/segments/1531676592650.53/warc/CC-MAIN-20180721164755-20180721184755-00386.warc.gz
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en
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Banana Ripening Chamber
Integrated with advanced systems, this Banana Ripening Chamber is specifically constructed and engineered to simulate nature's ripening process without even altering the taste and freshness of the fruit. Well incorporated with pressurized or reverse air flow evaporators and humidity controlled rooms, it is provided with a power full refrigeration system. It assures quick pull down of field heat. Before the final installation, this chamber is stringently tested on various quality parameters like temperature, humidity, ventilation and specific gas emission levels.
Mango Ripening Chamber
Catering to diverse requirements of agriculture industry, this Mango Ripening Chamber is customized on various factors such as temperature, humidity, ventilation and specific gas emission levels, based on the clients’ specific requirements. Specifically engineered to simulate nature's ripening process, this chamber does not alter the taste or freshness of mangoes. It is well integrated with pressurized/reverse air flow evaporators and humidity controlled rooms. In this chamber, air tightness is maintained with specially designed doors that are automatic in closing and opening.
Fruit Ripening Chamber
Designed and fabricated for processing fruit pulps, this Fruit Ripening Chamber is precisely manufactured using quality assured construction materials with the help of latest machinery. It is highly demanded in food processing and agriculture industry. This Fruit Ripening Chamber is highly demanded all over the nation owing to its robust construction, compact design and weather resistance property.
Widely used for keeping raw fruits and vegetables, the offered Ripening Chamber is demanded in agricultural sector. Available at cost effective prices, this chamber is appreciated for its excellent temperature control, robustness and longer life. Further, the provided Ripening Chamber is manufactured using the best quality raw materials and sophisticated techniques under the stern guidance of our ingenious professionals.
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agronomy
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https://www.pharmachemlab.com/indole-3-butyric-acid.htm
| 2023-12-07T10:09:22 |
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en
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indole-3-butyric acid (1h-indole-3-butanoic acid, iba) is a white to light-yellow crystalline solid, with the molecular formula c12h13no2. It melts at 125 °c in atmospheric pressure and decomposes before boiling. Iba is a plant hormone in the auxin family and is an ingredient in many commercial horticultural plant rooting products.
since iba is not soluble in water, it is typically dissolved in 75% or purer alcohol for use in plant rooting, making a solution of between 10,000 to 50,000 ppm. This alcohol solution is then diluted with distilled water to the desired concentration. Iba is also available as a salt, which is soluble in water. The solution should be kept in a cool, dark place for best results.
this compound had been thought to be strictly synthetic; however, it was reported that the compound was isolated from leaves and seeds of maize and other species. In maize iba has been shown to be synthesized in vivo using iaa and other compounds as precursors. this chemical may also be extracted from any of the salix (willow) genus.
Hi! Simply click below and type your query.
Our experts will reply you very soon.
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agronomy
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http://www.civilizationsfuture.com/bsundquist/og2.html
| 2018-01-16T19:04:24 |
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| 0.916439 | 19,211 |
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webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2018-05__0__104433894
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en
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CHAPTER 2 - GRAZING BASICS
- TABLE OF CONTENTS:
(2-A) - Grazing Basics - [A1]
General, [A2] Aridity Issues, [A3] Short-duration- and Rest-Rotation Grazing, [A4] Input/ Output, [A5]~Livestock Mortality, [A6] Range Vegetation Changes, [A7] Range Soil Changes, [A8] Desertification, [A9] Riparian Habitats, [A10] Suitability/ Need for Grazing, [A11]~ Forested Grasslands, [A12] Microbiotic Crusts, [A13] Holistic Range Management, [A14]~ Grazing Animal Differences,
(2-B) - Grazing Lands Productivity - [B1] Net Primary Production, [B2] Other Estimates of Grassland Productivity, [B3]~ Grassland Burning, [B4] Wild Herbivore Productivity, [B5] Productivity Dependence on Precipitation, [B6] Analysis: Livestock Carrying-Capacity of the World's Grasslands,
NOTE: The notation (su3) means that the data is used in the document analyzing the sustainability of the productivity of the world's food, fiber and water supply systems. (See elsewhere in this website.)
SECTION (2-A) - Grazing Basics - [A1] General, [A2] Aridity Issues, [A3] Short-duration- and Rest-Rotation Grazing, [A4]~ Input/ Output, [A5]~Livestock Mortality, [A6] Range Vegetation Changes, [A7]~Range Soil Changes, [A8] Desertification, [A9]~Riparian Habitats, [A10]~Suitability/ Need for Grazing, [A11] Forested Grasslands, [A12] Microbiotic Crusts, [A13] Holistic Range Management, [A14] Grazing Animal Differences,
[A1] -Grazing Basics - General -
Livestock ownership currently supports and sustains 675 million rural poor (03A2).
In developing countries, most ruminant livestock are found in mixed farming systems. These are estimated to provide over 65% of beef, 69% of mutton and 92% of cow milk (96F1) (03S2). Comments: Mixed farming systems permit using animal wastes for cropland fertilizer, whereas in feedlot systems, the waste usually goes into large ponds that often rupture and pollute waterways.
A general discussion of over-grazing basics is given in p. 778-787 of Ref. (56D1).
Degradation scale vs. productivity-loss scale used by Dregne and Chou (Ref. 17 of Ref. (97C1))
The world's 3 billion cattle, sheep, goats and camels convert lignocelluloses (a main product of photosynthesis that is indigestible to humans) into high-quality protein (89P2). Comments: As noted below, 20 lb. of forage produces one lb. of beef containing about 0.132 lb. of animal protein. Comments: Livestock populations tend to parallel human populations so the "3 million" figure is probably closer to 4-5 million around 2005.
The world's rangelands are the source of nearly 25% of the world's meat (98H2). Comments: Other major sources of meat are fisheries, grain supplied by croplands and pasturelands (Chapter (4-H).).
In the late 1970s, the world's livestock consumed 8.71x1015 kcal or 1.74 Gt./ year of usable dry organic matter, 75% from pasture (+rangeland??), 17% from grain, and 8.5% from other agricultural products (86V2). Another estimate gives 0.5 Gt. grain (dry wt.) + 0.15 Gt. other agricultural products. If the fraction of livestock food derived from grain is slightly less than 17%, overall consumption of dry organic matter by livestock would be 2.8 Gt./ year (86V2). Pimentel estimates that 3.2 Gt./ year of forage and grain are fed to livestock in developed countries, and 1.8 Gt. in developing countries, for a total of 5.0 Gt./ year (86V2). The quantity of animal products humans consume: 0.15 Gt./ year (apparently excluding hides), so if domestic animals consume 2.2 Gt. of dry plant material/ year, the efficiency of conversion of plant material to human food via animals is 0.15/2.2 = 6.88% (86V2).
Of the estimate 2.2 Gt./ year of NPP eaten by livestock, 1.5 Gt./ year comes from natural and derived grazing lands - about half from each (Wheeler et al, 1981, in (86V2))
Cattle are passive grazers, grazing repeatedly on the same site, rarely venturing far from water. Bison are adapted to the climate, vegetation and topography of the Great Plains and Rocky Mountains. They are twice as efficient as cattle when feeding on native grasses, highly mobile, and venture far from water. They don't require supplemental feeds, e.g. corn and alfalfa (p. 56 of (94O1)).
Although heavy grazing is more profitable than conservative grazing for a few years, in the long term (5-10 years), it generally gives a lower rate of return and increases financial risk (Ref. 18, 29, 42 of (93H1)). Under heavy grazing, livestock are forced to select a diet lower in nutritional quality; they consume less forage, they eat more poisonous plants, and they spend more energy in foraging and other daily activities. These things reduce productivity (93H1).
[A2] - Grazing Basics - Aridity Issues -
Regions of semi-arid climates occupy nearly 1/3 of the earth's land area (ice-free land area?) and are home to about one billion people and are responsible for nearly 20% of the world's food production(Marco Bahe, "Brazil loses US$800 million/ year with desertification," Brazil-Arab News Agency, 6/13/06.). Comments: Is that food production in units of tonnage or dollar-value?
Nearly half of the world's poor live in dryland regions with fragile soils and irregular rainfall (03A2). Comments: Dryland soils are low in organic matter (about 0.5% carbon) and so are highly erosion-prone.
Maps of Africa, Asia, Australia, North America, and South America showing the location of extremely arid, arid, and semi-arid regions are found in Ref. (70D1). These maps can be measured planimetrically to produce the results shown in the table below. (All areas are in units of millions of km2, and include only ice-free land.) Precipitation rates on semi-arid land, arid land, and hyper-arid land are be converted to run-offs in the review of Irrigated Land Degradation.
- - - - - - |- - - - - -Areas- (la) (in millions of km2)
A National Academy of Science study found that 1/3-2/3 of all rainfall in the Sahel comes from soil- and plant-moisture evaporation (Ref. 15 of (85B1)). Comments: rather than from the oceans. Hence loss of vegetation from over-grazing and loss of water-holding capacity from soil erosion produces less evaporation and hence less rainfall. Less rainfall produces less carrying capacity that, for a constant- or growing herd size, produces more over-grazing and soil erosion - a positive feedback loop.
Much of the western US public grazing lands receive less than 10 inches of rain a year (99R1). Comments: This means it is arid land. It is doubtful that any grazing occurs on hyper-arid land.
Livestock reduce the rate at which water penetrates the soil surface by reducing vegetative and litter cover and by compacting the soil. Hence livestock grazing is associated with decreased water storage and increased runoff. Lower soil moisture (increased water stress) reduces plant productivity and vegetative cover, creating a positive feedback loop that further degrades both plant communities and soil structure. Increased water stress increases tree mortality and fire frequency (97B2).
Ref. (87G1) discusses the Sahel's climate from a historical viewpoint. The history of rainfall in the sub-Sahara is discussed in Ref. (85K1). (The author claims that albedo effects can't explain the 15-year draught (the worst since 1820-40) because "the draught is simply too big to be man-made") (85K1).
The albedo-change hypothesis of Charney et al is challenged, arguing that albedo changes have been much smaller than has been assumed (87G1). Ref. 16 and 17 of Ref. (79S1) give arguments for believing that a decline in surface density of vegetation alters the surface albedo and changes the surface-water budget, thereby inducing changes in the large-scale circulation that feeds back in a positive (unstable) sense by causing further declines in vegetation through reduced precipitation.
Ref. (76K1) discusses the application of the albedo-plant-cover-rainfall theory to the Near-East (Sinai/Negev). Otterman's rebuttal follows the article.
Desertification of the Sahelian region of West Africa may increase regional albedo by as much as 4% (Refs. 38 and 39 of (90S1)). Such changes in radiation balance are likely to affect regional climate, and potentially lead to further decreases in regional rainfall (Ref. 40 of (90S1)). The Sahel issue in relation to both rainfall and soil nutrients are discussed in much technical detail in Ref. (83B1).
Decreases in plant cover causes a decrease in rainfall that may, in turn, decrease plant cover (a positive feedback loop) (74O1), (75C1).
The rate of transpiration of soil moisture in semi-arid grassland is greater than in shrub-land or bare ground (Refs. 20 and 35 of (90S1)). As a result, there is greater cooling of grassland soil by the loss of latent heat. As grassland is replaced by shrubland and bare soil, soil-surface temperature and air temperature increase, even though the albedo of exposed desert soil is greater (Refs. 36 and 37 of (90S1)). Hot, dry soil retards accumulation of organic N in the soil (90S1). Comments: The above statement is also in "Range Vegetation statements" (below).
[A3] - Grazing Basics - Short-Duration and Rest-Rotation Grazing -
(NOTE: Also see Holistic Range Management)
A study of short-duration grazing concluded (89B1):
Ref. (79F1) claims rest-rotation grazing is not yet tested by research investigations (p. 106 of (79F1)). Rest-Rotation grazing is described and defended in (70H1) and (82R1).
Eckert and Spencer (87E2) concluded that season of use has not been found to compensate for heavy grazing at any time of the year (97B3).
Ortega et al (97O1) concluded "stocking rates a have a more significant impact on phytomass [plant biomass] than grazing systems" (97B3).
Sauer (78S1) found that standing dead litter is beneficial to bluebunch wheatgrass, which declines with overuse in the winter (97B3).
Taylor et al (97T1) concluded, "rotational stocking was not able to sustain initial species composition at any stocking rate tested" (97B3).
Clary and Webster (89C2) concluded: "recent information on grazing uplands suggests that although conventional grazing systems have great intuitive appeal, they are less effective at maintaining ecological quality and livestock production than previously thought" (97B3).
Hart et al (89H1), (93H2) found that proper stocking rates were more important than grazing systems in improving rangeland vegetation (97B3).
Mueggler (75M1) found that Idaho fescue and bluebunch wheatgrass required 3 and 6 years of rest, respectively, to recover from grazing, a longer period than any grazing system permits (97B3).
In a review of grazing systems, Herbel (74H2) concluded that grazing systems did not result in an improvement in range condition and that stocking rate is likely the overriding factor in determining whether a grazing system works (97B3).
Pieper and Heitschmidt (88P1) concluded that "stocking rate is and always will be the major factor affecting degradation of rangeland resources" (97B3).
[A4] - Grazing Basics - Input/Output -
Over the past decade, feed conversion rates for pigs and poultry have improved by 30-50%, in part through breeding and in part through the addition of enzymes to feeds. Still, in monogastrics (pigs, poultry, etc.), only 25-35% of nutrient inputs consumed are captured in final products (03S2).
Plant protein yield from US pasture and rangeland is 5.34 tonnes/ km2/ year (80P1).
Energy issues related to production of plant- and animal protein are discussed in Ref. (80P1).
In the US, 37 million tons/ year (33.6 million tonnes/ year) of plant protein are fed to livestock to produce 5.4 million tons (4.91 million t.) of animal protein for human consumption. The plant protein source is 14.8 million tons (13.45 million tonnes) from grains, 20.2 million tons (18.36 million tonnes) from forage, and 2 million tons (1.8 million tonnes) from miscellaneous plant- and animal by-products (80P1).
FAO (1983) estimated that 0.5 Gt. of grain + 0.15 Gt. (dry weight) of other agricultural products, were fed to livestock yearly (globally) in the early 1980s (86V1).
Pimentel et al (1980) estimated that 3.2 Gt./ year of forage and grain are fed to livestock in developed countries, and 1.8 Gt./ year in "developing" countries (86V1).
Wheeler et al (1980) estimated that, in the late 1970s, the world's livestock consumed 8.7x1015 kcal, or 1.74 Gt. of usable dry organic matter/ year (0.79 Gt. of carbon) - 75% from pasture, 17% from grain, and 8.5% from other agricultural products (86V1).
It takes 7 kg. of grain to produce 1 kg. of beef. The conversion is 4:1 for pork, and 2:1 for chicken. This is perhaps why beef production has stagnated in recent years, and pork- and chicken production has surged ahead (98H2). Comments: The Soils Degradation review document has a more complete table that includes the ratio of live weights to dressed weights for various meat animals.
38% of the world's grain production is fed to animals (Gary Gardner, Chapter 5 of State of the World 1996).
Domestic Consumption of Domestically grown Grain Nutrients by Humans and Animals (Mid-1990s) (USDA, "Production, Supply and Distribution" (as of 1996))
Over 20 lb. of herbage are needed to produce 1.lb. beef (p. 33 of (91J1)). 7.5 lb. of grain, fed to cattle, produce 1.lb. beef (85B2).
The average efficiency of conversion of plant materials into human food by livestock is 6.8%, i.e. (animal products humans consume as food) = 0.068 x (plant biomass livestock consume) (86V1).
About 40-50% of the weight of an average 800-lb. cow becomes beef (p. 351 of (91J1)).
An average cow consumes 700-800 lb. of vegetation/ month. An average US range steer eats 12,000 lb. of range plant material + 2850 lb. of feedlot food by slaughter time (86J1), (91J1). Sheep eat 20% as much; goats eat 75% as much as sheep (91J1). Comments: This is probably US-, not global, data.
[A5] - Grazing Basics - Livestock Mortality -
Livestock mortality from poisonous plants in the US West is 2-5%/ year (p. 347 of (91J1)). Comments: Depletion of palatable plants cause toxic plants to spread. The extent of exotic species in the US West is expanding rapidly due to various influences of globalization.)
Livestock mortality from causes other than predators is 10%/ year (e.g. toxic plants, hunters, poachers, disease, road-kill) (p. 347 of (91J1)).
[A6] - Grazing Basics - Range Vegetation Changes -
In the 4/18/96, issue of the Tucson Weekly ran a cover story by Gregory McNamee about an invasive weed called buffelgrass. "The Grass That Ate Sonora." This African grass, Pennisetum ciliare (sometimes called Cenchrus ciliare), was introduced to the Sonoran Desert as a wondergrass for cattle, was threatening the entire Sonoran Desert Upland biome. The severity and extent of the infestation has been increasing steadily since the mid-1990s, and in recent years, it has exploded - probably because of the combination of drought, warming and the sheer population density of the plant. Buffelgrass come up thicker than ever after a blaze, frustrating the return of fire-sensitive native flora. Buffelgrass is woody and grows in thick clumps. It can and does out-compete native plants - from annual wildflowers to palo verde trees - by sucking up water. It likes roadsides, watercourses and, perversely, the steep, south-facing hillsides that saguaros prefer. It invades and gradually dominates prime habitat for native vegetation. Once it matures into its dry, woody phase, it's practically inedible(Renee Downing, "Bad Grass What could be a more serious threat to the Sonoran Desert than development?" Tucson Weekly, 3/30/06. Contact: Daniel R. Patterson Ecologist & Deserts Program Director Center for Biological Diversity, Tucson AZ 85702-0710 520.623.5252 x306 / www.biologicaldiversity.org).
Cheatgrass has taken over a third of the 19 million acres (29,700 sq. miles) of sagebrush grasslands in Nevada, and more than 100 million acres (156,000 sq. miles) across the US West. Cheatgrass is an annual that easily out-competes native perennial grasses and sagebrush when the land is disturbed. It reduces the productivity of rangelands (in terms of cattle) (Jon Christensen, New York Times, 2/7/00).
Cheatgrass's dense growth makes ignite more readily than native grasses. It seeds germinate earlier than native perennial plants, and its roots go deeper to monopolize water and nutrients (Mark Robichaux, Wall Street Journal, 9/1/00).
(Juniper) The current expansion of western juniper differs significantly from prior expansions (1600, 850, and 200-400 years ago) in that this time, expansion is occurring under increasingly xeric (water-deprived) conditions. Also densities are higher (94M1).
(Juniper) Prior to introduction of livestock into the Northwest in the late 1800s, western juniper was confined by recurrent fires and competitive interactions with herbaceous species to rock outcrops, shallow soils on fractured bedrock and deep pumiced soils (78D2), (78M3), (93B2).
(Juniper) Ref. (96B2) concludes that most of the available evidence suggests that western juniper has few, if any, negative effects on water infiltration or soil erosion.
(Juniper) Ref. (96B2) contends that there is little scientific evidence supporting the belief by ranchers, rangeland managers and range scientists in the Pacific Northwest that western juniper reduces water infiltration, dries up springs and streams, increases erosion, reduces biodiversity and reduces the quality and quantity of forage for livestock and wild species.
(Juniper) Ref. (79F1) argues than pinon-juniper manipulation ("chaining") is a highly questionable practice that needs to be carefully investigated. The real issue is argued to be poor grazing practices rather than water-consumption by pinon-juniper (79F1). Programs like brush-control do little to recover over-grazed range, and can accelerate rangeland deterioration (p. 40 of (94O1)).
(Juniper) Juniper control often causes weed explosions due to nutrient enrichment from decomposing tree roots (85E2) in (97B3).
(Shrubs) Net primary productivity (NPP) is similar in native grasslands and invasive shrub communities of southern New Mexico (Ref. 26 of (90S1)). Shrubs, however, lower the economic potential of the landscape as rangeland relative to grass-cover (90S1). Comments: This statement is also in Section (2-B).
(Sagebrush) Regeneration after severe disturbances on the western grass-sagebrush region is slow. 40+ years are required for reestablishment of sagebrush communities on abandoned cropland in eastern Wyoming (81T1).
(Effects of vegetation on hydrology) The rate of transpiration of soil moisture in semi-arid grassland is greater than in shrub-land or bare ground (Refs. 20 and 35 of (90S1)). As a result, there is greater cooling of grassland soil by the loss of latent heat. As grassland is replaced by shrub-land and bare soil, soil-surface temperature and air temperature increase, even though the albedo of exposed desert soil is greater (Refs. 36 and 37 of (90S1)). Hot, dry soil retards accumulation of organic N in the soil (90S1). Comments: The above statement is also in "Aridity Issues" (above).
(Effects on soil Chemistry) Losses of soil Nitrogen (N) that result from transition from grassland to bare soil may result in an environment that favors N-fixing shrubs such as mesquite which augments local fertility (Ref. 32 of (90S1)).
(Biodiversity Changes) Reconstructed prairie hosts, at most, 10% of the 150-200 plant species typically found on virgin grassland (Stephanie Simon (Los Angeles Times) in Pittsburgh Post Gazette, 5/30/99).
(Exotic Species) Introduced weeds damage western ecosystems by:
Weed control chemicals: (99G1)
("Weed" species) In discussing invasive and noxious weeds in the interior Columbia Basin, Belsky (97B3) noted that:
(Weed eradication) Roger Sheley (94S1) (97B3) emphasized that:
("weed" species) Most grass lands and savannas are located in semi-arid areas where heavy grazing destroys the ability of plants to resist drought, and leads to eventual loss of palatable species in favor of "weed" species (Ref. 3 of (81C2)).
("Weed" species) Noxious weed control on BLM- or USFS-administered lands has "generally been ineffective" (97B3).
(Weed eradication) The overall consensus of weed professionals (e.g. the individual authors of reports in Sheley (94S1)) is that the best method for preventing weed invasions is by:
(Grazing effects) Trlica et al. (77T1) found that most species required more than two years of rest after defoliation during most seasons of the year (97B3).
(Grazing tolerance) Unlike grasses of the Great Plains, which evolved under thousands of years of intense grazing by American Bison, bunchgrasses of the Intermountain West were only lightly grazed and trampled. Consequently, these species evolved little tolerance of intense grazing and trampling, causing them to be highly sensitive to actions of introduced cattle and sheep. As a result, within 20-30 years of the beginning of intense livestock production, many western rangelands were severely damaged and completely denuded (72Y1), (91H1) in (99G1)).
(Exotic species) Exotic species are the second main cause, following loss of habitat, of species extinction in the US (94F1), (94F2) in (99G1)).
(Exotic Species) The "evil weed," that resists herbicides, blocks light and steals life from rangeland grasses (sericea lespedeza), already covers 400,000 acres in southeast KS and is "spreading rapidly." With less cattle able to graze the weed-infested range the market value of some KS pastureland could be reduced by 20% spelling economic disaster for ranchers (Wichita Eagle 2/24/00).
(Juniper Eradication) Spraying at the level necessary to kill most of the weeds also kills native plants and many soil organisms necessary for nutrient cycling (conclusions of several speakers at a conference on Rangeland Restoration, Washington State Univ., 3/24-25/97) (97B3).
[A7] - Grazing Basics - Range Soil Changes -
Ref. (70L1) cites several studies of soil erosion rates in arid lands, and gives rates in the range of 0.5-1.5 mm. soil/ year (730-2190 tonnes/ km2/ year). On the border of the desert zone, destruction of natural vegetation leads to intense wind erosion (several cm/ year on sandy soil) (3 references are cited in support of this.) (1 cm. of topsoil weighs 14,600 tonnes/ km2) (70L1). Comments: Arid land soils are low in organic matter and hence are erosion-prone.
Studies by the USDA-SCS found that range land with good palatable grasses and good vegetation-density lose topsoil at under 0.5 ton/ acre/ year (under 112 tonnes/ km2/ year). Rangelands with a mixture of weeds and grasses, and with medium vegetation-density lose topsoil at under 2.5 tons/ acre/ year (under 560 tonnes/ km2/ year). Rangeland where annual weeds make up most vegetation, and which have low vegetation-density, lose topsoil at 7.5 tons/ acre/ year (1680 tonnes/ km2/ year) (p. 89 of (71R1)).
On prairie with good sod on a 10% slope, no topsoil loss was measured after a 2.5" rain. Over-grazed land experienced a 0.1 ton/ acre soil loss, while bare soil experienced 3.4 tons/ acre soil loss for the same 2.5" rainfall (p. 89 of (71R1)).
Trampling by livestock compacts soil, reducing water infiltration rates ((78M1), Ref. 25 of (90S1)). Increased runoff increases erosion and transport of water, N, and other plant nutrients. The net effect is reduced availability of soil moisture and nutrients in the landscape and increased heterogeneity of their horizontal distribution (78M1), (90S1). Increased grazing intensity increases water-runoff (Refs. 2, 21, 27, 28, 30, 31, 39, 46, 51, 54, 56 of (78M1)). The primary causes are soil compaction and the resultant reduction in infiltration rates, as well as cover-depletion (78M1).
As grassland soils erode in arid regions, CaCO3 is exposed at the surface. This promotes volatilization of NH3 (90S1). Ammonia volatilization, denitrification of soil organic matter and wind erosion are the main contributors to losses of N from desert soils. All these processes are likely to increase when grasslands are converted to desert shrub-lands (90S1). On semi-arid soils, bursts of denitrification presumably occur during moist conditions that prevail after rain storms (Ref. 57 of (90S1)). In semi-arid grasslands, competition with grasses for available nitrate and rapid plant-uptake of soil moisture probably limit denitrification. When shrubs replace grass, and greater over-land flow transports NO3 to basin depressions, greater levels of denitrification are expected (90S1).
Eroded rangelands are particularly difficult to restore because fertilization usually is not economical in low-rainfall areas (Ref. 86 of (81N1)).
[A8] - Grazing Basics - Desertification -
Major symptoms of desertification (81S1):
Climate has not changed significantly in the past 2000 years (78D1). Comments: The basic contention being made here is that desertification is not due to long-term decreases in rainfall.
See the desertification map of the world in Ref. (78D1).
When net long-term desertification of productive grasslands occurs, a relatively uniform distribution of water, N, and other soil resources is replaced by an increase in their spatial and temporal heterogeneity. This leads to invasion of grassland by shrubs. In these new plant communities, soil resources are concentrated under shrubs, while wind and water remove material from inter-shrub spaces and transform soil materials to new positions on the landscape (Ref. 10 of (90S1)).
Worldwide, more than 23,000 square miles/ year (59,600 km2/ year) become desert (Seattle-PI-Com Desertification, 11/23/99).
[A9] - Grazing Basics - Riparian Habitats -
Cattle spend a disproportionate fraction of their time in riparian habitats (See 6 references listed in Ref. (94F2)). Comments: Bison do not do this.
In the Great Basin of southeastern Oregon, more than 75% of all wildlife species are dependent on, or use, riparian habitats (90C1).
In southeastern Wyoming more than 75% of all wildlife species depend on riparian habitats (90C1).
In Arizona and New Mexico, 80% of all vertebrates depend on riparian areas for at least half of their life cycles: more than half of these are totally dependent on riparian areas (90C1).
Riparian areas provide habitat for more species of birds than all other western US rangeland vegetation types combined. More than half of all bird species in the southwestern US are completely dependent upon riparian areas (90C1).
(Hydrologic Effects) Proper functioning riparian areas store water, reduce flooding and provide late-season flows (99W1).
(Biodiversity) As many as 80% of wildlife species in Arizona and New Mexico ((90C1) in (99B1)) and in southeastern Oregon ((79T1) in (99B1)) are dependent on riparian habitats.
(Biodiversity) Though riparian areas make up only 1% of the landscape, they shelter and feed 60-80% of species in the western US (99W1).
(Grazing Effects) Cattle spend 5-30 times as much time in riparian areas than would be predicted from surfaced area alone (82R2), (84S1) in (99B1)).
(Grazing Effects) Cattle evolved in moist woodlands in Eurasia, and are not well adapted to arid landscapes. They use more water than bison, spend more time in riparian areas, and have been bred for lack of mobility (99W1). Cattle evolved in cool, wet meadows in northern Europe and Asia (99B1). Comments: This is seen as an explanation of why cattle have a much stronger affinity for riparian areas than buffalo.
(Grazing Effects) Ref. (97H1), referring to work by Refs. (89C2), (89P3), and (94E3), state that, in riparian habitats:
(Grazing Effects) Clary and Webster's 1989 summary (89C2) (see 97B3) of research on different riparian grazing systems concluded, "Experience in riparian areas has generally failed to show an advantage to any specific grazing system". They also concluded that "the level of utilization [i.e. the percentage of the current year's crop consumed] to be the most important consideration". Platts, (89P3) (see (97B3)) recommended:
These are the best ways to restore degraded streams. Reduced levels of use and non-use were therefore his main recommendations for restoring streams (97B3).
(Riparian productivity) Streams make up 1% of the landscape in the 11 Western states, yet 70-80% of plants and animals depend on them for survival. Unlike elk or bison, which eat and roam, cows love to congregate in streams, especially in summer (99R1).
(Riparian Productivity) One study found that a riparian zone in eastern Oregon comprised 1.9% of the grazing allotment by area, but produced 21% of the available forage and 81% of the forage consumed by cattle ((82R2) in (99B1)).
(Riparian Productivity) Riparian zones typically represent 2-5% of a grazing allotment, but may supply up to 80% of forage used by cattle (94O1). Over-grazing of riparian areas causes compaction of soil, reduced water infiltration, and reduced vegetation cover (94O1).
(Riparian recovery) Ref. (97H1) admitted that exclusion of livestock for two or more years was necessary for initiation of recovery of degraded streams (see (97B3)). However, exclusion of livestock was not recommended in any of the alternatives, not even for non-functional streams or to improve highly sensitive riparian areas such as critical spawning areas for sensitive fish species. Instead, Hann et al. (97H1) repeatedly, and contrary to scientific evidence, stated that reduction in livestock numbers will typically have little positive effect on riparian systems. To support this, they cited a paper finding that salmon spawning was enhanced by the presence of livestock. This last paper was never published in a refereed journal and was severely criticized by top fisheries biologists who were studying the same stream segment (97B3).
(Grazing system validity) Refs. (78M2) and (84P1) (see (97B3)) found no grazing system that was compatible with healthy aquatic ecosystems.
(Grazing system validity) The only grazing system consistently found to restore and protect riparian habitats at an acceptable rate is "no grazing" and "corridor fencing" (94E3), (96O1), Joy Belsky et al. (in press) and most fisheries biologists) (97B3).
(Grazing effects on riparian habitats) Many studies on riparian habitats in the range science literature such as Refs. (94E3) and (89C2) report that spring-time grazing leads to loss of native bunchgrasses and serious damage to wet soils and stream banks; summer grazing leads to loss of woody species, loss of plant vigor, and loss of seed crops; autumn grazing leads to loss of woody species, long-term stream bank disturbance, and loss of vegetative cover needed to protect riparian soils; and winter grazing can lead to loss of woody species, compaction and disturbance of wet soils, and loss of litter needed to protect soils (97B3).
[A10] - Grazing Basics - Suitability/ Need for Grazing -
(Grazing impacts on exotic weeds) In the Intermountain West and Great Basin, exotic weeds have been able to displace native species partly because native grasses there are not adapted to frequent and close grazing (97B2). Comments: The large buffalo herds were on the Great Plains -not the Intermountain West and Great Basin.
Regarding bison and shrub steppe and Allan Savory's argument that it must be grazed by large herds of ungulates to survive, see Richard N. Mack and John N. Thompson, "Evolution in Steppe with Few Large, Hooved Mammals", The American Naturalist 119(6) (1982) pp. 757-73.
A study shows that Great Plains grasslands are a grazing-dependent ecosystem and need grazing to maintain their character, diversity, and vigor. This study involved the long-term resting of mixed grass prairie in the Coteau region of North Dakota and was conducted by Brian Martin in 1994. He studied an area that the Nature Conservancy had acquired. The Conservancy had grazed a portion of the area and allowed the remainder to rest for approximately 10 years. The same phenomenon that Mike Brand showed on sites with 30 years of rest occurred on the Conservancy land with only 10 years of rest, invasion by non-native species (mainly Kentucky Blue Grass) occurred on the ungrazed site. The grazed site retained native species. Litter or mulch made is difficult for native species to exist on the ungrazed site. (email@example.com 8/17/99) Comments: Great Plains grasses evolved with large herds of buffalo. The Intermountain West did not (See Section (4-D)), so it is unlikely that this result applies to any grasslands other than those on the Great Plains.
Belsky's earlier comment that "I recognize that in moister ecosystems that evolved under large herbivore grazing, carefully regulated grazing need not be harmful and some grazing is necessary and beneficial." was explained as follows: This statement probably came from my discussion of a classic paper by Professors Richard Mack and John Thompson of Washington State University (American Naturalist, 1981) that reviewed evidence that in ecosystems with large numbers of large herbivores, plants have evolved adaptations that allow them to tolerate grazing (i.e. they have asexual reproduction, ground-level buds, and are tolerant of trampling), while in ecosystems with a history of few herbivores, plants are more sensitive to grazing (i.e. they have primarily sexual reproduction, elevated buds, and are damaged by trampling). The examples Mack and Thompson used were the Great Plains grasslands, where tens of millions of bison grazed for thousands of years, and the Great Basin grasslands, which have been grazed only by small numbers of grazers since the Pleistocene (around 10,000 years ago). I stated that plants in the Great Plains are more tolerant of grazing and trampling by large herbivores such as cattle and sheep than are native herbaceous plants of the Great Basin. I did not say, and neither did I mean to imply, that domestic livestock grazing was good for these plants or benefited the grassland ecosystems of the Great Plains. In fact, a substantial body of evidence suggests that livestock grazing has damaged many ecosystems of the Great Plains and has led to the extinction of many species (00B1):
1.) Grazing and browsing never benefits grazed plants, only their non-grazed neighbors. Grazing removes plant organs needed for growth and successful competition. Loss of leaves, for example, leads to a reduction in photosynthetic surfaces necessary for the production of carbohydrates; loss of flowers and their stalks leads to a reduction in reproduction; and a reduction in the length of branches and grass shoots results in shorter plants being more liable to be shaded and out-competed by taller plants. All of these losses of plant organs to grazing animals result in reduced competitive abilities and in an increased probability that the grazed plant will be replaced by taller, less palatable plants (00B1).
2.) Bison are upland species while cattle are lowland (or riparian) species. Bison descend to streams and rivers to drink but then return to uplands where they spend most of their time grazing their preferred drier forage. In contrast, cattle, which evolved in the cool wetlands and moist forests of Europe and Asia, are riparian species. They prefer more moist plants and cooler habitats, especially in the arid West. Later in the season they move to the uplands, but only after the forage and shrubs near the streams have been consumed. Since up to 80% of wildlife species in the arid West use riparian zones during some part of their life cycles, destruction of these riparian zones by cattle has led to the reduction and loss of many native species (00B1).
3.) Cattle cause population reductions or extinction of wildlife species in the Great Plains by reducing forage supplies, fouling water supplies, and displacing wildlife that do not willingly share their habitats with cattle (such as elk). As a result, native species such as elk, deer, and pronghorn decline in number as cattle numbers rise. Cattle also reduce the numbers of native wildlife by reducing the cover and height of forage species as well as those species used for protection from predators. For example, livestock remove both the nutritious forbs necessary for the survival of sage grouse and prairie chicken chicks as well as shorten the tall plant cover necessary for concealing nests from predators. Both of these species are currently being considered for endangered species status (00B1).
4.) Livestock grazing alters essential ecosystem processes by reducing fire frequency (by consuming the grasses that provide the fine fuels necessary to carry fire), by compacting the soil (reducing water infiltration into the soil), by destroying biotic crusts on the soil surface (thus reducing soil fertility), and by disturbing the soil (increasing soil erosion and the sediment loads of streams) (00B1).
5.) Cattle and sheep introduce diseases that infect native wildlife species. For example, bighorn sheep are infected by several diseases carried by domestic sheep (00B1).
6.) The ranching industry successfully lobbies federal agencies to destroy native wildlife species that might kill or compete with their livestock. For example, Wildlife Services (formerly Animal Damage Control) and the National Park Service kill bison that leave Yellowstone National Park during severe winters in fear that the bison will infect cattle with brucellosis. The ranching industry also convinces federal agencies to poison, shoot, or trap native predators such as wolves and coyotes and competitors for forage species such as prairie dogs. When prairie dogs are extirpated by the agencies at the request of ranchers, species such as burrowing owls, blackfooted ferret, and mountain plover also decline since they use the habitat and prey base produced by the prairie dogs. In addition, species such as the swift fox are poisoned and trapped accidentally in control programs aimed at coyotes (00B1).
7.) Bison tend to move around frequently, leaving ample plant biomass on the ground while cattle will stay in one area until all forage is gone. By moving frequently, bison allow grazed plants to regrow and produce the carbohydrates needed to survive winters and long droughts. Although ranchers would improve their forage base by also moving their herds every few days, it rarely happens. The vast majority of ranchers can't afford the time and manpower necessary to move their animals frequently (00B1).
8.) During severe droughts, as now occurring throughout much of the Midwest, wildlife species such as bison will either migrate to wetter areas or will starve, reducing their pressure on the land. Ranchers, on the other hand, can seldom afford to reduce their herd sizes, resulting in their lands being overstocked and totally denuded (00B1).
9.) Cattle spread exotic weeds in their coats and in their guts. They also prepare weed beds by disturbing the soil. Since cattle mill around in confined areas for long periods, they disturb soils more than migrating wildlife such as elk, pronghorn, and bison. As a result, cattle are more responsible for the invasion of exotic weeds than are native wildlife (00B1).
West Texas was once covered by mid-grass prairies, but now is covered by prickly pear cactus and mesquite trees. This shows how damaging livestock grazing can be, in spite of relatively high rainfall and grazing-adapted plants (00B1).
Many ranches in the Midwest appear to have healthy stands of grasses and ranchers interpret these stands as a lack of damage by livestock. But they are ignoring losses of populations of wildlife species, degradation of streams, increases in weeds, and the extirpation of native species by federal agencies. These changes are not so visible, but they still signify a loss of ecosystem integrity and demonstrate that livestock grazing is not compatible with healthy American grasslands (00B1).
[A11] - Grazing Basics - Forested Grasslands -
Changes in species composition and forest dynamics in the dry and moist forests of the Interior Basin have been attributed to fire suppression and selective logging. However numerous studies show that these changes to Eastside forests began decades before fire suppression or selective logging was introduced. ((51R1), (83M1), (84Z2), (90S3), (96B1) in (97B3)). Comments: The authors argued that these changes were a result of grazing.
[A12] - Grazing Basics - Microbiotic Crusts -
Microbiotic (cryptogamic) soil crusts are delicate symbioses of cyanobacteria, lichens and mosses. These crusts perform the major share of nitrogen fixation in desert ecosystems (78R1). The availability of nitrogen in the soil is a primary limiting factor on biomass production in deserts. In the Great Basin Desert of the US, it is secondary in importance only to the lack of moisture (78J1). Microbiotic crusts in arid ecosystems have been correlated with increased organic matter and available phosphorus (77K1), increased soil stability (72K1) (78R1) and increased soil water infiltration (72L1) (78R1). Crusts also play an important role in ecological succession because they provide favorable sites for the germination of vascular plants (84S2).
Observations of recovery of crypto-biotic crusts from trampling by livestock at three sites in Utah yielded estimates for full recovery of 45-85 years. Moss recovery was much slower than that of the lichens. At two of the three sites where mosses were found, no moss recovery at all was seen. At the third site, where some recovery was seen, full recovery of moss cover would take over 250 years at the observed rate of recovery (93B3).
Prior to domestic livestock introduction common ungulates were small (e.g., pronghorn antelope versus cow/bison, 70 vs. 500 kg.) and/or present in low numbers; their localized trampling damage could be tolerated even by communities ill equipped to cope with such disturbance. It appears that herbivorous mammals are incompatible with maintenance of steppe where cryptogams (particularly crustose lichens) occupy a significant fraction of the soil surface ((82M3): p. 764).
Microbiotic crusts (also referred to as biological, cryptobiotic, cryptogamic, or microphytic crusts) typically grow on the interspaces between grasses and shrubs throughout the Great Basin Desert, the semi-deserts of the Colorado Plateau and in many pinion-juniper communities of Utah, Nevada, Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico and Wyoming. These soil crusts reduce soil erosion, act as a mulch trapping moisture in the soil, capture atmospheric nitrogen and make it available to soil and plants, and prevent the germination of seeds - particularly annuals that are typically "weeds (00G1) (82A1) (93B3) (94B5) (86J2).
Living crusts of lichens, mosses, and algae and cyanobacteria blanket exposed soils in deserts, dry grasslands and shrubland around the world (99G1).
Living crusts of lichens, mosses, algae and cyanobacteria increase soil stability, enhance soil fertility, increase plant-nutrient content, often enhance water infiltration and water-holding capacity, and contribute to mycorrhizial colonization ((88H1), (96L1) in Ref. (99G1)).
Cyanobacteria in these crusts also fix atmospheric nitrogen ((93E1) in (99G1)) and may be the main source of N input into desert- and semi-desert ecosystems (93E1), (99E1) in Ref. (99G2).
There is evidence that intact microbiotic crusts reduce or prohibit weed establish by preventing weed seed germination ((42M1), (87H1), (86E1), (89M1) in Ref. (99G1)).
Ref. (97B3) notes that 100+ scientific studies demonstrate the importance of microbiotic crusts in arid ecosystems.
In steppe environments, where they are so critical to the function of the entire ecosystem, microbiotic crusts normally require 60-100 years to re-establish once they have been destroyed (Claude Treanor, Keating Highway Allotment #2108 Allotment Evaluation, 2/6/87. Contact Vale Oregon District, BLM.).
The ecosystem component perhaps most critical to healthy rangelands, and the one most disturbed by livestock, is microbiotic crust. There is a broad consensus among botanists and range scientists that these fragile, living covers of the soil surface play a vital role in arid and semiarid rangeland ecosystems ((93S1), (88H1), (94W1), (94K1) in (97B3)).
The most important role of microbiotic crusts is considered to be:
[A13] - Grazing Basics - Holistic Range Management -
Short-duration grazing is also called rapid rotation, time-controlled, Savory grazing and holistic resource management. It was conceived in Zimbabwe by Allan Savory in the 1960s and later introduced into the US (00H1). A key feature of short-duration grazing is that a single herd of livestock is rotated through no fewer than 8 pastures (paddocks). Typically the grazing period during active forage growth should be 5 days or less, followed by 4 or more weeks of non-use (00H1). Savory et al argue that short-duration grazing can:
Researchers at 13 locations in North America have attempted to evaluate the validity of Savory's ideas. Below is a summary of findings.
Two comprehensive reviews (87S1) (92O2) of over 50 grazing experiments that consider African experiences with short-term grazing both concluded that:
North American grazing studies strongly support these conclusions (00H1).
NOTE: Also see Section (2-A) Short-duration and Rest-Rotation Grazing.
Below are a few Alan Savory statements on his "Holistic Management" approach to range management.
(While we all might agree that holistic management as applied to ranching violates what we understand from ecology, it is important to understand that agencies and ranchers who practice holistic management only extract those parts that appeal to them. For example, increasing herd size by two or three times, because that's what they want to hear. But, importantly, they omit the critical elements such as setting goals, addressing the causes (not symptoms) of problems and monitoring. These are inherent to the process and why nearly all ranchers who wish to apply the system will fail, as will the agencies. Ranchers do not want to herd their cows daily and agencies claim they can't monitor due to lack of resources.) (
Allan Savory's leap of holistic faith in matters of range management and livestock grazing (Headwaters News: Perspective, 3/13/02) belies an entire body of range science. Allan Savory once wrote "After years of working on several continents, I have been unable to find any clear evidence of competition in nature." Savory is the founder of the Allan Savory Center for Holistic Management, which promotes, among other strategies, the Savory grazing method. Savory blames wholesale degradation of watersheds in the Rocky Mountain West on "biological decay" and "too few animals" on the watersheds that feed rivers. Savory ignores or rationalizes the denuded and eroding watersheds across much of the West, where vegetative cover and production are severely depleted by livestock grazing, and where sufficient forage does not exist to support the large herds that Savory's grazing system depends on. Savory also overlooks the role of livestock grazing in the replacement of native vegetation with weeds across millions of acres of the West (02R1).
The late range ecologist Joy Belsky challenged Savory's claims about livestock management widely and often. In a paper entitled "Allan Savory's Holistic Management: Scientific Misinformation on Grazed Ecosystems," she cites a grazing study on a ranch in Zimbabwe where Savory's recommendations were applied to improve range condition and increase livestock productivity. Neither outcome occurred. Increased production only happened during periods of heavy rainfall. In periods of normal rainfall, stocking rates prescribed by Savory stifled production and severely damaged the range (02R1).
Contrary to Savory's belief, scientific studies show that bunchgrasses in arid environments such as the Rocky Mountain West are more likely to die if they are grazed. Contrary to Savory, "over-rest" of grasslands does not cause deterioration. As one of several examples, Belsky cites Dutchwoman Butte in central Arizona, a fertile, stable territory where grazing by livestock has never occurred. "Published comparisons of grazed and non-grazed lands in the western US have found that rested (protected) sites had larger and denser grasses, fewer weedy forbs and shrubs, higher biodiversity, higher productivity, less bare ground, and better water infiltration than nearby grazed areas," Belsky writes (02R1).
Experimental studies dating from 1984 by range and soil scientists conclude that Savory's principles of range management reduce water infiltration into the soil; increase erosion; reduce forage production, soil organic matter and mineral cycling; and increase soil bulk density (02R1).
In an early 2002 letter to the publication Rangelands, Savory wrote positively of the only scientific grazing research trial that he has conducted in 30 years of consultation with ranchers. All three authors who published papers on the trial reported the opposite result. Savory's method, the authors concluded, failed to improve ranch profits, failed to improve range conditions and failed to increase financial returns per head of cattle (02R1).
Savory argues that century of large-herd grazing in the West maintained healthy grasslands. In fact, until domestic livestock were introduced to the region some 150 years ago, the Great Basin and the desert southwest were not heavily grazed for 5,000-10,000 years (02R1).
The US Forest Service is currently collaborating with Savory to establish a "national learning site" in central Idaho to "heal the land." This leap of faith for Savory's services will cost American taxpayers $1 million over four years. Taxpayers pay upwards of $500 million annually in direct subsidies to support livestock grazing, the most pervasive and destructive use of federal lands in the West. Livestock grazing threatens native species, reduces water quality, spreads noxious weeds, alters natural fire regimes and accelerates soil erosion, destroying streamside and upland ecosystems (02R1).
According to Vicari and Bazely (93V1), "there is little evidence that the act of grazing per se increases the fitness of grasses or any other plant species, except under highly specific circumstances".
[A14] - Grazing Basics - Grazing Animal Differences
There is a major difference between how horses and cows graze. A bovine has no upper anterior teeth; therefore, it grazes by wrapping its long tongue around the grass and pulling on it. During a wet season, plants are uprooted. A horse has both upper and lower anterior teeth. It grazes by shearing the grass. Thus, roots are left intact and the grass continues to grow. If cattle pastures were not rotated, they soon became dirt or mud. A horse will walk around brush, bushes and young trees; a cow will trample them. Horses browse and forage. Sheep and goats also have no upper anterior teeth(Mari Dickson <firstname.lastname@example.org> 2/3/06).
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SECTION (2-B) - Grazing Land Productivity - [B1] Net Primary Production, [B2] Other Estimates of Grassland Productivity, [B3] Grassland Burning, [B4] Wild Herbivore Productivity, [B5] Productivity Dependence on Precipitation, [B6] Analysis: Livestock Carrying Capacity of the World's Grasslands,
[B1] - Grazing Lands Productivity - Net Primary Production -
Net Primary Production (NPP) and Biomass of Grassland Biota (la)
(73W1), Ref. 23 of (78W1), p. 143 and (78W2), p. 42)
(Column 6 = Area from Ref. (79A1) in millions of km2.)
(Column 7 = Area from Ref. (83O1) in millions of km2.)
(NPP (Col. 3) is in units of tonnes of carbon/ km2/ year.)
Grassland - - - - - |Area| ~NPP | NPP|Bio ~ |Area | Area
Biota Type- - - - - | ~ ~|(Gt.C/| ~ ~|mass~ |Col. | Col.
- - - - - - - - - - | ~ ~| year)| ~ ~|(Gt.C)| 6 ~ | 7
Woodland, Shrubland | 8.5| ~2.7 |318 | 22.~ | 4.5 | 12.8
Savanna ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ |15.0| ~6.1 |407 | 27.~ |22.5 | 24.6
Temperate Grassland | 9.0| ~2.4 |267 | ~6.3 |12.5 | ~6.7
Tundra/Alpine Meadow| 8.0| ~0.5 | 63 | ~2.3 | 9.5 | 13.6
Desert Shrub~ ~ ~ ~ |18.0| ~0.7 | 39 | ~5.9 |21.0 | 13.0
Grassland Totals~ ~ |58.5| 12.4 |- - | 63.5 |70.0 | 70.7
Net primary productivity (NPP) is similar in native grasslands and invasive shrub communities of southern New Mexico (Ref. 26 of (90S1)). Shrubs, however, lower the economic potential of the landscape as rangeland relative to grass-cover (90S1). Comments: This statement is also in Sect. (2-B).
[B2] - Grazing Lands Productivity - Other Estimates of Grassland Productivity -
The world's grazing lands have an average carrying capacity of 5 AU/ km2 (PSAC, 1967). Production is under 500 kg. meat/ km2/ year (78B2). Comments: This number must be in error. Since the global average grazing intensity is about 60 AU/ km2, it implies that the average grazing land is over-grazed by a factor of about 12. No data suggest an over-grazing factor of more than about 4.
Another estimate of pastureland productivity: 840 tonnes/ km2/ year (presumably dry organic matter) (Hingane, 1990) (91J2). Comments: "pastureland" is usually taken to be grassy areas in humid regions, not in semi-arid or arid regions where grassy areas are typically called "rangelands". The productivity of pasturelands is typically far greater that that of rangelands.
Values of Net Primary Productivity (NPP) of grasslands (See table above) comes from Whittaker and Likens (73W1) whose results for all global ecosystems are summarized below. Comments: Whittaker/ Likens data tend to come from more natural, undisturbed areas and, possibly for that reason, tend to be higher than all of the 6-8 other similar NPP studies.
Global Biomass Inventory Around 1950 (Ref. 23 of (78W1)) (Ref. 7 of (77B1)) ((90W1), p. 123)
(Areas are in millions of km2) (Plant carbon masses are in Gt.)
A number of other estimates have been made, and their plant carbon mass results are summarized below.
Values for the global phytomass carbon pool size (Gt. C) (87E1):
Comments: Recent studies of forest biomass show that Whittaker and Likens (73W1) significantly over-estimate global tropical-forest biomass. It seems probable then that computing grasslands carrying capacity based on Whitaker-Likens data is likely to produce a significant over-estimate of carrying capacity - perhaps by 20% or more.
(Rainforest) After 7-10 years of beef cattle grazing, the effects of overgrazing and torrential rains turn a rainforest's nutrient-poor soils into eroded wasteland (Ref. 8 of (83N1)).
(Rainforest) Stocking on newly cleared rainforest land is typically 100 AU/ km2 during Year 1, and 14-20 AU/ km2 during Years 5-10 (83N1).
On some semi-desert grasslands in Cochise County AZ, as few as one grazing cow per 50 acres is considered ecologically sound (13 cows/ sq. mile) (85C1).
[B3] - Grazing Lands Productivity - Grassland Burning -
Natural fires in grasslands are believed to occur about every 1-3 years in humid areas ((85F1), p. 232) and every 1-20 years in dry areas ((85W1), p. 85). Today the number of natural fires is insignificant relative to the number of fires caused by humans (99L1). 5 million km2 of tropical and subtropical savannas, woodlands and open forests now burn annually (Goldammer, 1995, cited in (99L1)).
Seiler and Crutzen (1980) estimate that grassland is burned at 6 million km2 of savanna yearly, mostly by human-caused fires. Aboveground biomass in the herb-grass layer of the burned area is 1.8-2.9 Gt. organic matter (Divide by 2.2 to get carbon mass.). 75% is consumed in the fires (86U1).
Hav et al (1990) estimate that, globally, savannas are burned at the rate of 7.5 million km2/ year. Half of this burning is in Africa (75%/ year?) (91A1).
African savanna burned yearly = 10 million km2. Savanna biomass = 100 tonnes/ km2 to 2500 tonnes/ km2 of dry organic matter (Menaut, 1979) (91D3).
The area under permanent pastures and other grazing grounds in India is 122,000 km2. This is burned annually. Biomass burned: 198 tonnes/ km2 (91J2). Comments: Burning improves grazing. Apparently the ash is fertilizer.
[B4] - Grazing Lands Productivity - Wild Herbivore Productivity -
The concentration of large herbivores (kg/ km2) on African savanna is plotted vs. annual precipitation for three soil-nutrient-availability groups in Ref. (93F1). Both pastoral- and natural sites are plotted. Herbivore biomass per unit-area of range is plotted vs. net primary productivity of the range for natural- and agricultural systems in South America. Agricultural stocking densities are about 10 times natural stocking densities (92O1).
[B5] - Grazing Lands Productivity - Productivity Dependence on Precipitation -
Dregne and Chou examined degradation-induced percentage losses of land productivity in the world's dry regions (Ref.17 of (97C1)). Using FAO data they found that 51 million km2 of land fell into the "dry" category (39% of the earth's ice-free land). 85% of this land was used at rangeland (43.3 million km2), 9% as rain-fed croplands, and 3% as irrigated croplands (97C1). Comments: In the Irrigation Degradation review, an analysis finds 22.09 million km2 of semi-arid land, 22.18 million km2 of arid land, and 5.86 million km2 of hyper-arid land. Total (hyper-arid+ arid+ semi-arid) = 50.13 million km2. Since it is doubtful that any hyper-arid land is grazed, it appears that 85% of rangeland is semi-arid or arid, so (15/85)*43.3 = 7.6 million km2 of rangeland is humid or semi-humid land.
Grazing more than 50% of a grass quickly curtails root growth and severely limits future yields (US Utah extension agents James Barnhill, 801-399-8208 and Dean Miner, 801-370-8469, email@example.com, 1997).
Average precipitation over the US and Alaska is mapped on p. 20 of (80U1). Comments: The capacity of grazing land is strongly dependent on rainfall or access to water (as illustrated by the high productivity of riparian habitats) as will be seen throughout this document.
In the US Great Basin, all riparian lands cover fewer than 2% of the land area, yet receive 50% of livestock pressure. Riparian meadows occupy 1-2% of the interior northwest, but account for 81% of forage removed by livestock (p. 95 of (91J1)).
Grazing land needed per cow in acres (& ha.) (91J1):
Land area (acres) needed to graze one animal-unit (AU) (80U1)
(Carrying capacity (AU / km2) is in parentheses.)
AL|3.7(67) || AZ|34.4( 7)|| CA| 5.0(49)|| CO|12.6(20)
IA|1.6(154)|| LA| 5.0(49)|| OR|11.3(22)|| TX|10.2(24)
WI|2.6(95) || WY|23.3(11)|| -
Comments: Precipitation data from Ref. (80H1), p. 452: AZ 25%@0-10", CO 10-20", WY 10-20", IA 30", WI 30-40", LA 40-60", AL 40-60", TX wide variation. For a given annual precipitation, the more northern regions are more productive.
Grazing provides 64% of feed consumed by US beef cattle, and 79% of feed consumed by US sheep (p. 275 of (80H1)). Comments: Grain allocation to livestock has been trending upward, so this figure may be quite obsolete.
An average of 13.7 acres (0.055 km2) is needed for an AUM (AU??) (18 AU/ km2) for all public lands within BLM grazing districts in the Western US. This figure ranges from 6.1 acres in Montana to 21.8 acres in Nevada (88D1).
21.8 acres/ AUM are needed on BLM lands in NV (261 acres/ AUM if grazed year-around) (89W1) (GAO estimate). Comments: This implies a capacity of 11.3 AUM/ km2 or 0.95 AUM/ km2 for year-around grazing (11 or 1 AU/ km2? - interpretation of information is difficult.).
Range grazing in the contiguous US in 1976: 217 million AUMs, a little over a third of biological potential (80H1).
The ultimate biological potential production from US rangelands is estimated to be 566 million AUMs under intensive management. The 1976 supply level was 213 million AUMs. If one assumes that only the range currently being grazed is available for intensive management, herbage and browse could potentially be increased from 169 million tons/ year to 220, and range grazing could be increased from 127 million tons/ year to 247 (by upgrading poor, fair, and very poor range to "good" range) (p. 295 of (80H1)).
US Range Land by Ecosystem and Productivity (1976) (80H2), (80H1) (la)
Ecosystem - -|-Area |Produc-|Productivity Class Production -
- - - - - - -|(1000 | tivity|(1)*| (2)*| ~(3)*| ~(4)*| (1000
- - - - - - -|Acres)| - - - |(1000 acres- - - - - - -) AUMs)-
Mountain ~ ~ | 26871| ~1661 | ~ 0| ~914| 20826| ~5131| 16597
Mtn. Meadow~ | ~3285| ~2824 | ~ 0| 2090| ~1195| ~ ~ 0| ~ 822
Plains ~ ~ ~ |175233| ~1016 | ~ 0| 1826| 80592| 92815| 54325
Prairie~ ~ ~ | 41185| ~3318 |1985| 9691| 29509| ~ ~ 0| 45350
Desert ~ ~ ~ | 24744| ~ 307 | ~ 0| ~ ~0| ~ ~ 0| 24744| ~2998
Annual ~ ~ ~ | 10153| ~2064 | ~ 0| 1987| ~5992| ~ 174| 10649
Wet land ~ ~ | ~4408| ~5139 |1317| 2459| ~ ~ 0| ~ 632| ~5425
Alpine ~ ~ ~ | ~6775| ~ 564 | ~ 0| ~ ~0| ~ 783| ~5992| ~ 216
Total (Grass)|292654|- - - -|3302|18967|138897|129488|136382
Sagebrush~ ~ |129961| ~1027 | ~ 0| ~ ~0| 61889| 68072| 24641
Desert ~ ~ ~ | 81171| ~ 249 | ~ 0| ~ ~0| ~2908| 78263| ~2809
SW shrub-steppe|43218| ~488 | ~ 0| ~ ~0| ~ 790| 42614| ~3775
Shinnery~ ~ ~ | 4726| ~1870 | ~ 8| 1689| ~ 385| ~2644| ~1848
Texas Savanna |28429| ~2142 | ~ 0| 5502| 21610| ~1317| 16493
Chaparral-Mtn. shrub #-
- - - - - - -| 14120| ~1929 | ~ 0| 4207| ~6617| ~3296| ~1612
Pinon-juniper|#47304| ~ 385 | ~ 0| ~ ~0| ~ ~ 0| 47304| ~2393
Desert ~ ~ ~ | ~7490| ~ ~ 0 | ~ 0| ~ ~0| ~ ~ 0| ~7490| ~ ~ 0
Total (Shrub)|357683| - - - | - 8|11398| 94199|251000| 53571
West. Forests - N.A.| - - - | - -|- - -| - - -|- - - | ~5213
East. Forests - N.A.| - - - | - -|- - -| - - -|- - - | 16820
Total (48 st) 650346| - - - | - -|- - -| - - -|- - - |211986
# can also be considered as forest land
*1) 5000+ lb./ acre/ year of herbage and browse
*2) 3000-4999 lb./ acre/ year
*3) 1000-2999 lb./ acre/ year
*4) 0- 999 lb./ acre/ year
Africa (northern): Productivity of browse plants: 150 kg DM/ km2/ mm rain/ year, of which 50% is actually consumed (80L1). Comments: This implies the absence of grass, i.e. a fairly desert-like environment.
Asia (Soviet Central): In sandy deserts, 6-7 km2 of grazing land are required per 100 sheep (Capacity = 3 AU/ km2) (70P1).
Australia: Arid soils are formed on, or from, erosion products of ancient, deeply weathered land. Thus they differ from soils of many other arid areas in that they have very low fertile (p. 307 of (70P2)).
China's Loess Plateau: Grassland carrying capacity dropped from 300 sheep/ km2 in 1950's to 100-140 sheep/ km2 in 1970's (89F1). Comments: These numbers seem high; loess soils are poor soils (low in organic matter, highly erodible).
Iraq: Rangelands of northern Iraq can safely sustain 250,000 sheep. (The sheep population in the 1970s was 1,000,000.) (78E1).
Latin America: Range land that is natural grass land, woodlands, and savanna where tree cover is limited by drought, fire, flooding and poor soil includes the cerrado of central Brazil, the llanos of the Orinoco River basin, the chaco of Argentina and Paraguay, the matorral of Chile and Peru, and the dry regions of north-central Mexico. These rangelands require 15-50 km2 to support 100 cows (Capacity = 2-6 AU/ km2) (See p. 113 of (90W1)).
Mexico: Livestock carrying capacity of Mexico's rangeland: 11-22 ha/ cow (4.5-9 cows/ km2) but the average livestock density is 17-33 cows/ km2, producing serious soil erosion (Ref. 97 and 98 of (90W1)).
Scotland: Most common grazing lands have about 100 sheep/ km2 (97M1). Comments: This may entail over-grazing, so carrying capacity is probably less.
US - Arizona: On average, over 240 acres are required to sustain one cow on BLM grazing lands in Arizona (99W2).
US - California's Mojave Desert: Livestock graze on 7281 mi2 (18858 km2) of BLM land of mid- to upper-elevation desert. This 5% of CA produced 103,191 AUMs in 1987 (1 cow/ mi2) (0.39 cow/ km2) (p. 64 of (91J1)).
US - Wasatch Front (Utah): A typical pasture provides a little more than 670 tonnes/ km2/ year. (Some of these pastures are irrigated.) A horse requires over 1.6 tons of feed during a 160-day grazing season. A 400-lb. steer needs slightly more than one ton. Grazing more than 50% of a grass quickly curtails root growth and severely limits future yields (U. S. Utah extension agents James Barnhill, 801-399-8208 and Dean Miner, 801-370-8469, firstname.lastname@example.org, 1997).
[B6] - Grazing Lands Productivity - Analysis: Livestock Carrying Capacity of the World's Grasslands -
Grasslands are the largest single component of the Earth's 117 million km2 of vegetated lands. Generally grasslands are too arid to support croplands or dense forests and so contribute mainly livestock to the earth's human carrying capacity. Nearly all ice-free land classed as "semi-arid" or "arid" are considered to be grasslands, though some "arid" lands are also labeled deserts. Hyper-arid lands are rarely, if ever, grazed and are never termed "grasslands". Some humid or semi-humid lands are grasslands and are grazed, but this is by human, rather than natural, design. Frequently they are too steep, or have soils too poor to cultivate, so they are maintained and used as permanent pastures. Left alone, they would usually revert to forestland. This analysis, and apparently other land classifications (see (00W1)), also considers these "permanent pastures" as grasslands.
Grazing land inventories has been difficult to measure. Some compilations such as WRI's (World Resources Institute) every-other-year reviews (See (00W1)) no longer tabulate "permanent pasture" but count some pasture as part of "agricultural land" or "agro-ecosystem" land. In the mid-1990s WRI counted about 36 million km2 as "permanent pasture" while noting that other grasslands are grazed. Their Ref. (00W1) counted 52.5 million km2 as "grassland". An analysis in Sect. (3-A) of this review calculates that 56.3 million km2 are grazed by domestic livestock. Of this, 43.3 million km2 are "drylands" - nearly equally divided between arid land (10-25 cm. precipitation/ year) and semi-arid land (25-50 cm. precipitation/ year) and 13.0 million km2 are sub-humid or humid (over 50 cm. of precipitation/ year).
In this analysis two methods are used to estimate the livestock carrying capacity of the world's grasslands. The first uses net primary production (NPP) data - essentially rates of photosynthesis. Grassland NPP data pertinent to grazing is tabulated below.
Net Primary Production (NPP) and Biomass of Grazed Grasslands (73W1), Ref. 23 of (78W1), p. 143 and (78W2), p. 42)
(Col. 3 = NPP in units of Gt. carbon/ year) (73W1)
(Col. 4 = NPP in units of tonnes of carbon/ km2/ year)(73W1)
(Col. 2 = Areas from Ref. (73W1) in units of million km2)
- - - - - - - - - - |Area| NPP | NPP|BIO-
Livestock-grazed~ ~ |Col.|(Col.|Col.|MASS
Grassland Type~ ~ ~ |(2) | (3) |(4) |(Gt. C)
Woodland, Shrubland | 8.5| 2.7 |318 | 22.
Savanna ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ |15.0| 6.1 |407 | 27.
Temperate Grassland | 9.0| 2.4 |267 | ~6.3
Agricultural Land ~ |*5.8| 1.5 |267 | ~4.1
Desert Shrub~ ~ ~ ~ |18.0| 0.7 | 39 | ~5.9
Grazing Land~ ~ ~ ~ |56.3|13.4 |- - | 65.3
* An amount of land of the same NPP per unit area as temperate grassland has been added here to bring the total grazing land inventory up to the calculated 56.3 million km2. The other inventories are those of Whittaker and Likens (73W1). This gives a mix of non-arid, semi-arid and arid grassland types roughly equivalent to the mix computed in Sect. (3-A).
To compute NPP in tonnes/ km2/ year of dry organic-matter, Col.4 should be multiplied by about 2, since plant dry organic matter is 45-50% carbon by weight. To convert the results to tonnes/km2/ year of normal (non-dry) organic matter (grass), one must divide by the ratio of dry weight to normal weight for grass. This ratio for grain is 0.8 (86V1), so for grass estimate a ratio of 0.7. Grazing over 50% of a grass quickly curtails root-growth and severely limits future yields (US Utah extension agents James Barnhill, and Dean Miner, email@example.com, 1997). For annual grasses, assuming half of the plant mass is in the roots, this means that only about 25% of NPP is to be considered usable herbage. (The part of NPP going to non-grass soil organisms is neglected here.) Globally, livestock stocking densities are about 10 times natural stocking densities of herbivores (92O1), so about 10% of NPP should be allocated to grazing wildlife and 90% to domestic wildlife. An animal-unit (AU) requires 10,800 lb/ year (4.90 tonnes/ year) of usable herbage (p. 25 of (91J1)). Some NPP occurring on woodlands, shrub lands and savanna goes into trees and other woody (inedible) plants, not grass. To allow for this, the NPPs per unit area of woodland, shrubland and savanna are taken to be the same as that for temperate grassland. (This is optimistic because savannas are known to be poor grazing lands - Section (3-C).).
The NPP data of Whittaker and Likens (73W1) used here are known to refer to ecosystems in a non-degraded state. The eight other global NPP inventory studies done since then (Ref. (87E1)) are more realistic in this regard and give an average global phytomass carbon pool size about 20% smaller. Arid grasslands are known to be degraded more than most other ecosystems however. The weighted average productivity-loss for the world's dry rangelands has been computed to be 43% (97C1). For the US, the productivity loss has been computed by range expert August Hormay to be at least 50%. Non-dry grasslands have been degraded much less. So to take account of NPP degradation, Whittaker-Likens' NPPs are multiplied by 0.8 in computing Col. 6 of the Table below.
Burning of grasslands also needs to be accounted for. Data given later in this report suggests a 5% reduction in forage and carrying capacity as a result of grassland burning.
These conversion factors enable one to compute carrying capacities of the world's grasslands in AU. The net results are tabulated in Col. 5 and 6 of the table below.
Livestock Carrying-Capacity of the World's Grazing lands (Method 1)
(Col. 2 - Areas in units of million km2)
(Col. 3 - Gross NPP in units of Gt. carbon/ year)
(Col. 4 - Gross NPP in units of tonnes of carbon/ km2/ year)
(Col. 5 - Useable NPP in units of tonnes of carbon/ km2/ year)
(Col. 6 - Carrying Capacity in units of AU/ km2 [million AU] )
Grassland - - - - -|Area|Gross|Gross|Usable| Carrying
Biota Type- - - - -| ~ ~| NPP | NPP | NPP~ | Capacity
Woodland/Shrubland | 8.5| 2.7 | 318 | 267~ | 27
Savanna~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ |15.0| 6.1 | 407 | 267~ | 27
Temperate Grassland| 9.0| 2.4 | 267 | 267~ | 27
Agricultural Land~ | 5.8| 1.5 | 267 | 267~ | 27
Desert Shrub ~ ~ ~ |18.0| 0.7 | ~39 | ~39~ | ~3.9
Totals ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ |56.3|13.4 | - - | - -~ | -
The above livestock carrying capacity of the world's grazing lands will be compared to the world's grazing livestock population below -immediately after an alternative calculation of carrying capacity.
Alternative Calculation of Grazing Lands Livestock Carrying Capacity
In Section (2-B) are lists of carrying capacity of rangelands in various regions of the US. These can be summarized in the table below (Col. 2). In Col. 3 are the areas of the grassland categories as computed in Section (3-A). From this data the livestock carrying capacity of the world's grazing lands can be computed.
Livestock Carrying Capacity of the World's grazing lands (Method 2)
(Col. 3 - Areas in millions of km2)
(Col. 4 - Livestock Carrying Capacity in millions of AU)
The discrepancy between the world's livestock carrying capacity computed here (894 million AU) and in the NPP-based analysis (1105 million AU) is probably a result of assuming that the useable NPP of a unit area of savannas and woodland/ shrubland (which are invariably semi-arid) is the same as that of temperate grasslands, a significant but unknown fraction of which are in sub-humid or humid climates and therefore significantly more productive.
Comparison with the World's Grazing Livestock Population
The world's 1996-98 population of cattle + sheep + goats represent 1680 million Animal-Units (AU). ((
The conclusion of these two analyses is that the world's grazing lands are overgrazed by 66-100%. It is doubtful that any significant portion of this overgrazing could be undone by allocating additional "surplus" grain reserves to the feeding of grazing-type livestock. Meanwhile the soils of the world's grasslands, and hence their NPP, continue to degrade.
Human Carrying Capacity of the World's Grazing Lands
It is also of interest to use the tables above to compute the human carrying capacity of the world's grasslands if they were used exclusively for grazing. To convert the results above to meat productivity, note that it takes over 20 pounds (presumably non-dried weight) of useful herbage to produce a pound of beef (p. 33 of (91J1)). About 10% of grazing animals are lost to poisonous plants, predators, hunters, poachers, disease, road-kill, etc. (US experience) (p. 347 of (91J1)). To compute protein productivity note that meat is 13.2% protein. To convert the results to human carrying-capacity note that an adequate animal-protein diet is considered to be 13.1 kg/ person/ year (US per-capita animal-protein consumption is 23.7 kg./ year). One pound of beef contains about 1120 Calories, and an adequate diet is assumed to require 2500 Calories/ day. Using these factors the human carrying capacity of the world's grasslands as grazing lands based on animal-protein- and Calorie productivity can be computed. Results are given in the table below, based on the NPP analysis above.
Human Carrying Capacity of the World's Grasslands as Grazing Lands
(Col. 2 - Areas in units of million km2)
(Col. 3,4 - Carrying Capacity in units of people/ km2 [million people] as constrained by protein production and by Calorie production)
If US animal-protein consumption is used as the standard, the above human carrying capacity of the world's grasslands drops from 2419 million to 1337 million people.
The world's 17 million km2 of tropical rainforests can be (and are) cleared and used for grazing land. However grazing lands prepared from land cleared of tropical forest lasts for only about 8 years before it must be abandoned for about 30 years to allow soil productivity to be restored. Thus the effective potential grazing land supply offered by tropical rain forests is reduced to 3.6 million km2 (neglecting the fact that over the 8 "productive" years, productivity is undergoing rapid degradation to near-zero). Data in the forest degradation review permit a detailed calculation of the potential additional livestock carrying capacity represented by rainforests.
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - og2
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agronomy
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https://www.kintera.org/site/c.qlI5IhNVJsE/b.2726673/k.C140/Donate/apps/ka/sd/donor.asp?c=qlI5IhNVJsE&b=2726673&en=kvKPJ4NSIlJTL5MVJfKTLkO6KmIUL9MNKjI5IdNOKeJ1LsI
| 2014-03-14T07:29:48 |
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| 0.919241 | 111 |
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Thank you for supporting family farmers with a gift to Farm Aid today. Your donation will help us continue to protect and preserve America's tradition of family farms, connect farmers with the resources they need to thrive on the land they work, and help them survive these difficult times.
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http://basilicus.wikia.com/wiki/Telasrin
| 2017-07-21T16:37:32 |
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-30/segments/1500549423787.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20170721162430-20170721182430-00510.warc.gz
| 0.969061 | 141 |
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Telasrin is a short shrub native to Telios Prime. A parasitical species, telasrin roots wrap themselves around the roots of other plants so as to capture nutrients and water without killing them. By this process, the telasrin is able to maintain energy reserves, allowing the plant to grow faster, and cover more ground than other plants, quickly making it the dominant plant in an area, unless physically removed. Unfortunately, telasrin sap contains a powerful irritant that protects it from the fauna of Telios Prime, which has helped to classify this plant as a nuisance more than anything. This sap has been used as an insecticide by Telian farmers for many years.
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agronomy
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https://factualhub.com/regenerative-agriculture/
| 2022-06-27T08:58:30 |
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| 0.939867 | 1,072 |
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What is Regenerative Agriculture?
Regenerative agriculture is a food and agricultural system conservation and restoration method. It focuses on topsoil regeneration, boosting biodiversity, improving the water cycle, improving ecosystem services, promoting biosequestration, increasing resistance to climate change, and improving agricultural soil health and vitality.
Regenerative agriculture is built on a variety of agricultural and ecological approaches, with a focus on minimal soil disturbance and composting. Using marine minerals, Maynard Murray had similar ideas. His research resulted in no-till developments like as slash and mulch in tropical locations. Sheet mulching is a regenerative agricultural strategy that smothers weeds while enriching the soil beneath.
The Rodale Institute coined the phrase “regenerative agriculture” in the early 1980s. In 1987 and 1988, Rodale Releasing established the Regenerative Agriculture Association, which began publishing regenerative agriculture publications.
However, the institute ceased using the phrase in the late 1980s, and it only returned intermittently between 2005 and 2008, until they produced a white paper titled “Regenerative Organic Agriculture and Climate Change” in 2014.
According to the paper’s summary, “we could capture more than 100 percent of present yearly CO2 emissions by switching to common and affordable organic management approaches, which we term regenerative organic agriculture.'” The report discussed agricultural strategies akin to organic agriculture approaches, such as crop rotation, compost application, and decreased tillage.
Storm Cunningham‘s first book, The Restoration Economy, was published in 2002, and it traced the beginnings of what he dubbed “restorative agriculture.” Restorative agriculture, according to Cunningham, is a strategy that rebuilds the amount and quality of topsoil while simultaneously restoring local biodiversity and watershed function. In The Restoration Economy, one of the eight sectors of restorative development industries/disciplines was restorative agriculture.
Principles of Regenerative Agriculture
There are several individuals, groups, and organizations that have attempted to define the principles of regenerative agriculture. In their review of the existing literature on regenerative agriculture, researchers at Wageningen University created a database of 279 published research articles on regenerative agriculture.
Their analysis of this database found that people using the term regenerative agriculture were using different principles to guide regenerative agriculture efforts. The 4 most consistent principles were found to be;
- Enhancing and improving soil health,
- Optimization of resource management,
- Alleviation of climate change
- Improvement of water quality and availability.
Improvements Over The Years
While the word has been in use for decades, regenerative agriculture has been more prevalent in academic study in the domains of environmental science, plant science, and ecology since the early to mid-2010s.
As the concept has gained popularity, several books on the subject have been produced, and various organizations have begun to promote regenerative agricultural approaches. In 2013, Allan Savory presented a TED lecture about combating and reversing climate change.
He also founded The Savory Institute, which teaches ranchers holistic land management approaches. LandStream was designed by Abe Collins to track the functioning of ecosystems in regenerative agriculture farms. In 2016, Eric Toensmeier wrote a book on the subject.
However, researchers at Wageningen University in the Netherlands discovered that there was no uniform description of what individuals meant when they said “regenerative agriculture.” They also discovered that the majority of the workarounds for this issue were the writers’ attempts to shape what regenerative agriculture meant.
In recent years, several significant firms have announced regenerative agricultural programs. General Mills launched an attempt in 2019 to promote regenerative agriculture methods in their supply chain and hired the non-profit Kiss the Ground to host educational seminars on regenerative agriculture in agricultural areas that support General Mills.
However, academic and government experiments on farming sustainability have criticized the initiative. Gunsmoke Farm, in particular, collaborated with General Mills to convert to regenerative agricultural techniques and serve as a teaching center for others. Local experts have raised worry that the farm is now causing more damage than good, with agronomist Ruth Beck claiming that “environmental marketing got ahead of what farmers can actually achieve.”
PepsiCo said in 2021 that by 2030, they will collaborate with farmers in their supply chain to implement regenerative agricultural principles throughout their approximately 7 million acres. Unilever outlined a comprehensive implementation strategy for regenerative agriculture throughout its supply chain in 2021.
VF Corporation, the parent company of The North Face, Timberland, and Vans, announced cooperation with Terra Genesis International in 2021 to establish a supply chain for their rubber that uses regenerative agriculture. Nestle announced a $1.8 billion investment in regenerative agriculture by 2021, with the goal of reducing emissions by 95 percent.
Small-scale farmers have recently taken the lead in embracing regenerative agricultural techniques. Farmer Jeff Siewicki of Regenerative Success, for example, teaches farmers how to repair the soil via effective regenerative strategies that focus on combining beneficial environmental and financial benefits. “Practical regenerative ways to assure environmental, economical, and social stability,” says Siewicki.
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agronomy
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https://ramanujadasan.wordpress.com/2008/02/26/book-divine-nature/
| 2018-07-16T03:02:29 |
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-30/segments/1531676589172.41/warc/CC-MAIN-20180716021858-20180716041858-00518.warc.gz
| 0.943844 | 1,405 |
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webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2018-30__0__15459819
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en
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Another book from ISKCON that is very interesting and relevant to present times. It deals about the environmental crisis that the world is facing now and how it can be countered by simple yet effective ways. The book showss the practicality & relevancy of the vedic way of life to the present day environmental degradation like Pollution, Global Warming, etc.
Excert from Chapter 2
Killing animals for food, fur, leather, and cosmetics is one of the most environmentally destructive practices taking place on the earth today. The Krishna consciousness movement’s policies of protecting animals, especially cows, and broadly promoting a spiritual vegetarian diet could—if widely adopted—relieve many environmental problems…
… Jeremy Rifkin warns in his widely read book Beyond Beef: “Today, millions of Americans, Europeans, and Japanese are consuming countless hamburgers, steaks, and roasts, oblivious to the impact their dietary habits are having on the biosphere and the very survivability of life on earth. Every pound of grain-fed flesh is secured at the expense of a burned forest, an eroded rangeland, a barren field, a dried-up river or stream, and the release of millions of tons of carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, and methane into the skies.”
According to Vegetarian Times, half of the annual destruction of tropical rain forests is caused by clearing land for beef cattle ranches. Each pound of hamburger made from Central American or South American beef costs about 55 square feet of rain forest vegetation.
In the United States, about 260 million acres of forest have been cleared for a meat-centered diet. Each person who becomes a vegetarian saves one acre of trees per year.
About 40% of the land in the western United States is used for grazing beef cattle. This has had a detrimental effect on wildlife. Fencing has forced deer and antelope out of their natural habitats.
About half the world’s grain is consumed by animals that are later slaughtered for meat.8 This is a very inefficient process. It takes 16 pounds of grain and soybeans to produce 1 pound of feedlot beef. If people were to subsist on grains and other vegetarian foods alone, this would put far less strain on the earth’s agricultural lands. About 20 vegetarians can be fed from the land it takes to feed 1 meat eater.
Eighty per cent of the corn raised in the United States is fed to livestock, as well as 95% of the oats. Altogether, 56% of all agricultural land in the United States is used for beef production. If all the soybeans and grain fed yearly to US livestock were set aside for human consumption, it would feed 1.3 billion people.
Soil Erosion and Desertification
Overgrazing and the intensive production of feed grain for cattle and other meat animals results in high levels of soil erosion. According to Alan B. Durning of the Worldwatch Institute (1986), one pound of beef from cattle raised on feedlots represents the loss of 35 pounds of topsoil. Over the past few centuries, the United States has lost about two-thirds of its topsoil.
In other countries, such as Australia and the nations of Africa on the southern edge of the Sahara, cattle grazing and feed-crop production on marginal lands contribute substantially to desertification.
Burning of oil in the production of feed grain results in air pollution, including carbon dioxide, the main cause of global warming. Another major source of air pollution is the burning of tropical forests to clear land for cattle grazing.
The meat industry burns up a lot of fossil fuel, pouring pollutants into the air. Calorie for calorie, it takes 39 times more energy to produce beef than soybeans. The petroleum used in the United States would decrease by 60% if people adopted a vegetarian diet.
The meat industry, in addition to producing carbon dioxide, is also responsible for other greenhouse gases, such as methane. Methane is produced directly by the digestive process of cows. This greenhouse gas is considered very dangerous because each molecule of methane traps 20 times more heat than a molecule of carbon dioxide.
How big a threat to the planet is the methane emitted by cows? Overall, the effect is not significant, certainly not enough to justify fears of cows destroying the planet by global warming. Each year about 500 million tons of methane enter the atmosphere, contributing about 18% of the total greenhouse gases. Cows account for 60 million tons of the methane, about 12%.16 Therefore, methane emitted by cows amounts to only 2% of the total greenhouse gas emissions. It should also be kept in mind that feedlot cows, because they eat more, produce more methane than range-fed cows. In India, there are about 270 million cows, but 99.9% of them are range fed. Therefore they produce less methane than an equivalent number of feedlot cows.
About 50% of the water pollution in the United States is linked to livestock. Pesticides and fertilizers used in helping grow feed grains run off into lakes and rivers. They also pollute ground water. In the feedlots and stockyard holding pens, there is also a tremendous amount of pesticide runoff. Organic contaminants from huge concentrations of animal excrement and urine at feedlots and stockyards also pollute water. This waste is anywhere from ten to hundreds of times more concentrated than raw domestic sewage. According to a German documentary film (Fleisch Frisst Menschen [Flesh Devours Man] by Wolfgang Kharuna), nitrates evaporating from open tanks of concentrated livestock waste in the Netherlands have resulted in extremely high levels of forest-killing acid rain.
All around the world, the beef industry is wasting the diminishing supplies of fresh water. For example, the livestock industry in the United States takes about 50% of the water consumed each year.
Feeding the average meat-eater requires about 4,200 gallons of water per day, versus 1,200 gallons per day for a person following a lacto-vegetarian diet. While it takes only 25 gallons of water to produce a pound of wheat, it takes 2,500 gallons of water to produce a pound of meat.
The Bottom Line
Reducing or eliminating meat consumption would have substantial positive effects on the environment. Fewer trees would be cut, less soil would be eroded, and desertification would be substantially slowed. A major source of air and water pollution would be removed, and scarce fresh water would be conserved. “To go beyond beef is to transform our very thinking about appropriate behavior toward nature,” says Jeremy Rifkin. “We come to appreciate the source of our sustenance, the divinely inspired creation that deserves nurture and requires stewardship. Nature is no longer viewed as an enemy to be subdued and tamed.”
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agronomy
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https://weeklygardeningtips.com/indoor-plant-care/
| 2024-03-02T07:56:56 |
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As we all know, winter can be a tough time for our indoor plants. The cozy, warm environment we create for ourselves during these chilly months isn’t always ideal for our plants. As someone who has navigated these challenges year after year, I want to share some insights and tips on how to keep your houseplants thriving during the winter. Let’s get started and ensure our leafy friends stay happy and healthy, even as the temperatures drop outside!
1. What Happens to Houseplants in the Winter
First things first, let’s talk about what exactly changes for our plants as winter rolls in. Our homes transform significantly – the air gets drier, daylight becomes a rare commodity, and if you’re like me, keeping the heater on becomes essential. But what’s cozy for us can be quite stressful for our plants.
For instance, the reduced sunlight during these shorter days can leave our plants struggling for that precious light they crave. I’ve noticed how some of my plants that basked in the summer sun start to look a little lackluster as winter progresses. And then there’s the dry air. I never realized how much my tropical plants, in particular, missed the humidity until I saw their leaves getting crispy at the edges. It’s all about understanding these changes and learning to adapt our plant care routines to these new conditions.
Stay tuned, as in the next sections, we’ll delve into specific tips and tricks to counter these challenges. We’ll make sure our indoor gardens not only survive but thrive this winter!
2. Light Management
Now let’s talk about light – a vital ingredient for our plant friends, and something that’s in short supply during the winter. I’ve had my fair share of trial and error in this area. My biggest lesson? Make the most of what you have. I rearrange my plants to ensure they’re near windows that get the most daylight. South-facing windows are a jackpot if you have them. But remember, no direct cold drafts on the plants – they hate that as much as we do!
On gloomy days, when the sun seems like a distant memory, I rely on grow lights. These have been game-changers for my indoor garden. They mimic natural sunlight and can really boost your plants’ mood and health. You don’t need anything fancy – a simple LED grow light does the trick. Just remember to not leave them on too long; like us, plants need their rest too.
3. Watering Wisely
Watering in winter is a bit like walking a tightrope – too much or too little, and your plants will let you know they’re not happy. I learned the hard way that plants don’t need as much water in the colder months. They’re like bears hibernating; their growth slows down, and so do their needs. I check the soil before watering – if it’s still moist from the last watering, I hold off. Overwatering can lead to root rot, a nightmare I’m sure you’d want to avoid.
Also, the type of water matters. I use lukewarm water for my plants, so I don’t shock their roots with cold water. It’s like giving them a cozy blanket in the form of water. Trust me, they’ll thank you for it!
4. Maintaining Humidity
If you’ve ever noticed your skin getting drier in winter, guess what? Your plants feel the same way! Many houseplants, especially tropical ones, crave humidity. In my home, the air gets so dry that I’ve seen my ferns practically begging for moisture. So, how do I tackle this? Humidifiers are a lifesaver. They help maintain a more plant-friendly atmosphere, especially when placed near your greenery.
Another trick I’ve picked up is the pebble tray method. Just fill a tray with pebbles and water, and place your plant on top. As the water evaporates, it creates a mini-humidity haven for your plant. And, when I’m feeling extra attentive, I give my plants a gentle misting. It’s like a mini spa treatment for them, and they love it!
5. Temperature Control
Keeping the temperature just right can be a bit tricky. Most houseplants prefer a cozy 65-75°F (18-24°C) range. Remember, if you’re comfortable in your home, your plants probably are too. But watch out for those sneaky cold drafts or hot air from heaters. They can do a number on your plants. I learned this the hard way when I found my beloved orchid with brown leaves after a winter night too close to a drafty window.
I try to keep my plants away from extremes. No placing them near heaters, radiators, or drafty windows. It’s all about finding that sweet spot in your home where the temperature is just right. It’s like finding the perfect spot on the
sofa – not too hot, not too cold, but just right. And trust me, once you find that spot, your plants will show their gratitude with lush, vibrant growth. It’s all about creating a stable environment where they can peacefully ride out the winter months.
6. Pruning and Cleaning Houseplants
Winter is the perfect time for a little plant pampering, and that includes pruning and cleaning. I always start by gently removing any dead or yellowing leaves. This not only makes your plant look better but also redirects energy to the healthier parts. And don’t be afraid to give your plant a little haircut; pruning can stimulate new growth and keep your plants looking lush.
Then there’s cleaning – yes, plants need a bath too! Dust accumulates on leaves, especially in winter when our homes are closed up. I use a soft, damp cloth to gently wipe the leaves, which not only makes them shine but also improves their ability to absorb sunlight. It’s like clearing a dusty window; suddenly, everything is brighter and better!
7. Do You Need to Fertilize Indoor Plants During Winter?
You might think winter is a good time to give your plants extra nutrients, but it’s actually the opposite. Most plants go into a dormant phase during colder months, meaning they grow slower and need less food. I used to fertilize my plants in winter, only to end up with weak, leggy growth.
So, what’s the best approach? I hold off on fertilizing until spring, when the days get longer, and my plants wake up from their winter rest. It’s all about syncing with your plant’s natural rhythm. Think of it as letting them have their beauty sleep without any disturbances.
8. Pest Prevention and Management
Winter can sometimes bring uninvited guests – yes, I’m talking about pests. I’ve had my battles with these tiny foes. It seems they like the warmth of our homes just as much as we do! The key to managing them is vigilance. Regularly inspect your plants for signs of pests, like sticky leaves or tiny webs. Catching them early is half the battle won.
I prefer natural remedies, like neem oil or a simple soap and water solution, to keep pests at bay. Remember, harsh chemicals can do more harm than good, especially in the enclosed environment of our homes during winter. Prevention is also crucial – keeping your plants healthy and stress-free makes them less attractive to pests.
9. Special Care for Specific Plant Types
Just like people, every plant has its unique personality and needs. For example, my succulents and cacti prefer a sunny spot and less water in winter, mimicking their natural desert habitat. On the other hand, my tropical plants like more humidity and indirect light.
Understanding the specific needs of your plants is vital. Do a little research on each of your plant types. I’ve learned so much by joining online plant communities and forums where fellow plant enthusiasts share their experiences and advice. This tailored care makes all the difference in helping your plants not just survive, but thrive through the winter months.
And there we have it, fellow plant enthusiasts – our guide to keeping our leafy friends happy during the chilly winter months. Remember, winter plant care doesn’t have to be daunting. It’s all about understanding the needs of your plants and adjusting your care routine accordingly. With a bit of love and attention, you’ll see your indoor garden thrive, even as the snow falls outside.
Embrace this time as an opportunity to connect with your plants. Winter care can be a peaceful, meditative activity, offering a moment of calm in our often hectic lives. So, grab your watering can, a soft cloth, and let’s give our plants the care they deserve. Spring will be here before we know it, and our plants will emerge from winter stronger and more beautiful, ready to grow alongside us into a new season.
Book Recommendations for Houseplant Care
If you’re looking to deepen your understanding of houseplant care, there are some fantastic books out there. Here are a few of my favorites:
- “The House Plant Expert” by Dr. D.G. Hessayon – This book is like the bible of houseplant care. It covers a wide range of topics and is perfect for both beginners and experienced plant owners.
- “How to Houseplant: A Beginner’s Guide to Making and Keeping Plant Friends” by Heather Rodino – A modern, easy-to-understand guide that’s great for beginners. It’s filled with practical tips and charming illustrations.
- “The New Plant Parent: Develop Your Green Thumb and Care for Your House-Plant Family” by Darryl Cheng – This book offers a fresh perspective on plant care, focusing on understanding the natural science behind plants and how to apply this knowledge in caring for them.
- “Wild at Home: How to Style and Care for Beautiful Plants” by Hilton Carter – For those who love the aesthetic aspect of houseplants, this book is a wonderful combination of style and substance, teaching you how to create stunning displays while keeping your plants healthy.
Remember, the key to great plant care is understanding and patience. So, curl up with a good book, learn a little more, and watch as your green companions flourish. Happy planting!
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agronomy
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https://eattheland.com/
| 2018-04-23T05:29:44 |
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Consultant & Garden Coach
With over a decade in the business, Hill's Edible Landscapes is dedicated to making this small little portion of our world a better place by helping Spokane residents grow their own delicious, beautiful & sustainable Edible Landscapes and Gardens.
Pruning & Orchard Maintenance Coaching
This is the perfect time of year to prune your fruit trees! One of my specialties is teaching home orchardists how to prune & organically maintain their own fruit trees and berries for optimum health and fruit production.
My prices are very reasonable and will save you a fortune compared to hiring a company to do it for you. Fruit tree pruning is different than regular old pruning and it's a lot of fun once you are comfortable with what you're doing. Did I mention it's a great excuse to get outside after a long winter of hibernation!? Well, it is!
Last season I helped a client prune his 4 old apple trees. He called me over the weekend to tell me that he had his best apple crop ever... and he's had the trees for 20+ years! I was pretty excited to hear that I'm really making a difference in the local food movement!
Garden Planning & Coaching
Years spent farming and gardening have left me with a wealth of knowledge for gardening in our area. Whether you need simple advice about which organic fertilizers would be best or where to plant your garden on you property, or if you need a full garden layout I can help.
Edible Landscape Consulting
Growing a yard full of beautiful, nutritious edible plants is a great way to bring the local food movement right to your own front, or back yard! Many people will notice how wonderful your yard looks but I'll bet they wont know that it's edible! There is a lot to consider when making such an investment and I can give you the confidence and skills to get you started!
Fruit Tree Grafting
Learn how to graft your favorite varieties of fruit trees for a fraction of the cost of buying from a nursery. My hands on coaching will walk you though the proper use of tools and the steps it takes for a successful graft. My clients have said that they're most proud of the fruit trees that they've grafted and love to show them off!
P.S. I have some great fruit trees on my property and will supply you with grafting materials while my supply lasts!
When I was young I spent a lot of time in my grandparents gardens, I'm sure I was very helpful ;) As I got older I spent less time with my grandparents so gardening sort of slipped off my radar. I grew up a bit and went to college for Architecture but wound up interning with SPVV Landscape Architects, I was fortunate to spend 9 years with them, I learned a lot about Irrigation and Landscape in general but something was missing, I didn't feel like I was making much of a difference in ways that were important to me, the crew there became my family and it was terribly hard to leave but I decided to head back to school for teaching.
Somewhere in that first year back in college I watched a video about school gardens, being reminded of my grandparents gardens I immediately knew the impact of kids being in the garden and I was hooked. I started applying for farming internships so that I could learn what I knew I wanted to teach. I ended up interning at a really neat organic farm in Sandpoint, Idaho called Greentree Naturals, that internship didn't run the whole summer so I finished off the season working at another cool little organic farm in Spokane called Urban Eden.
Very randomly as I was finishing up that summer on the farms, I was offered a job at a design/build landscape company who were known for their great designs, they specialized in high end residential landscaping and there were hopes of bringing edible landscaping to their service list and I took the job, unfortunately it never went past a raised bed here or there. I spent 3+ years there all the while taking various classes and workshops through the county extension and SCC for pruning and various edible plant care. I learned a TON during that spell but realized that I still wasn't passionate about what I was doing and still not making a difference in ways that I had hoped for, so Hill's Edible Landscapes was born!
Since the start up I've been coaching people through design, planting and managing their gardens and edible landscapes, as well as maintaining and pruning their fruit trees, I've done a lot of pruning and garden installation in the past, unfortunately I developed overuse injury's in my hands/wrist/arms so I'm taking the 'doing' part out of the business and focusing on design, teaching and training.
I am very passionate about our community as well:
I started and run the 'Audubon-Downriver Crop Swap Stand' which has really brought my neighborhood gardeners together. I am a master composter/recycler and volunteer throughout the city teaching the community about composting and recycling. I spend a fair bit of time at local schools helping with various degrees of gardening and garden planning. I volunteering some of my design time with River City Youth Ops, the program helps teach local teens job skills and helps them to improve their lives and neighborhoods through gardening and other ventures.
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agronomy
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http://www.jennandromy.com/2008/08/grilling-burgers-on-our-patiogarden.html
| 2017-04-27T22:31:44 |
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In the past few days, we've been working on the garden in back. First, we assessed the soil quality. It looked pretty bad and very very dry. It was so dry, it was as hard as a rock, like a sheet of cement was there instead of dirt. It was even the color of cement! So we said, we have to go to Home Depot and get some tools to break up the soil and start making it good to garden. There were already two old rose bushes growing back there, and they survived without watering for about a month before we got there, so maybe the soil was salvageable.
After our trip to "The Depot," we were ready to get to work. We picked the hottest day, unfortunately, so breaking up the soil was even harder (although when I say hot I mean 80s). But watering the soil while breaking it up worked well, and we realized that the soil was good underneath the top hard crust. It actually retained a lot of the moisture we put into it while breaking it up. The rose bushes were infested by some crazy green plant with white tubers. It looked at first like green onion, but it lacked the deep green color and the stem wasn't whitish at the base. But it had long finger-like whitish tubers underground. It was stubborn as hell to pull out. There were multiple green tuber plants around the rose bush, which went wild, and I suspect they were slowly killing the old rose bush, taking its nutrients away to make so many tubers! At first I thought they might be good to eat, like potatoes or something, but I got so angry at them after more than half an hour trying to pull all of the tubers out, that I though, 'screw eating them!' Now I'm afraid of the tubers. What if they will grow into more green tuber plants!?
Once the soil was all turned, we went back to The Depot the next day to get some plants. We tried to pick plants that were either native or didn't need to be watered a lot. So we found some baby Italian Cypres trees for $5 and some golden evergreen shrubs (also for $5) and some native Rosemary, and ivy. I also cut some succulents from the front of the house, and planted them in the back for ground cover. We also bought some California Red Poppy seeds and Morning Glory seeds and sowed them in the soil. Hopefully they will germinate soon! Romy found a weird looking Elephant Foot Palm, and he couldn't resist buying it. We planted that in a pot and put it on the patio.
We celebrated the end of all the work in the garden by grilling some burgers on our patio. Mmmmmmm they were good!
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agronomy
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https://savvybotanist.com/
| 2021-08-05T17:46:24 |
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Dr. Megan Wilkerson believes that everyone has an inner botanist, patiently waiting to be watered. Under optimal conditions, agriculture can be used to educate, inspire, and bring communities together. Megan created the Savvy Botanist to awaken the future generations of agricultural stewards.
Currently, Megan teaches Climate Change and Carbon Reduction at the University of District of Columbia and serves as Chief of the Pesticides Branch at the Department of Energy and Environment in Washington, DC. In the nation’s capital, Wilkerson’s team empowers DC residents by regulating toxic substances and the surrounding environment. In 2019, Megan was a Plant Scientist at Architect of the Capitol (AOC) and managed the overall plant health on Capitol Hill and the surrounding 300 acres. She brings twelve years of experience in managing programs and agricultural landscapes in domestic and international settings.
Dr. Wilkerson received two Doctorates from Penn State University (PSU), in Entomology and International Agriculture & Development. Megan also holds a Master of Science degree in Agricultural Science from Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University (FAMU). She specializes in green infrastructure, urban sustainability, knowledge transfer, integrated pest management, social impact assessment, and community capacity building.
During her career, Megan researched in India, Trinidad and Tobago, Lebanon, Burkina Faso, Côte d'Ivoire, Mozambique, and South Africa. In 2016, Wilkerson was awarded a USDA Fellowship and spent 2 years in Ghana. During her residency, Megan collaborated with local farmers to develop pesticide alternatives. Dr. Wilkerson worked directly with USAID, USDA, World Cocoa Foundation, and the Lebanese Ministry of Agriculture to examine knowledge retention and supervise training programs. She has a 100% pass rate among pesticide certification participants and is certified in CORE, Turf 3B, Ornamental 3A, Public Health 8, and Industrial, Institutional, Structural and Health Related Pest Control 7E.
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agronomy
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https://drainagesystems.co.nz/suppliers/biolytix/wasteflow/
| 2024-03-01T10:57:56 |
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Wasteflow – Advanced treated effluent dispersal
Land Dispersal via Dripline Irrigation
Biolytix exclusively utilises Wasteflow dripline which is designed specifically for dispersal of treated effluent and which has two patented technologies that no other dripline offers:
1. Emitters are protected by Rootguard technology which uses Treflan herbicide to prevent roots growing into the emitter. The herbicide is impregnated into each drip emitter during the moulding process to direct root growth away from the drip emitter which stops root intrusion.
2. Wasteflow is protected against slime growth on the inside walls by the use of Geoshield. Geoshield is the green inner lining of the Wasteflow tube which is extruded with an antimicrobial agent that inhibits organic growth inside the dripline. This allows any debris accumulating within the dripline system to be more easily flushed out during maintenance.
Subsurface disposal through pressure compensating dripline offers the following advantages:
- The wetted volume of soil around the emitter is about 40% larger compared to surface installations.
- It reduces the potential for human or domestic animal contact which is important as secondary treated effluent can still have high pathogen concentrations.
- The potential for odours evident in the disposal area is reduced.
- The potential for UV degradation or mechanical damage is reduced.
All Biolytix BioPods are supplied with a standard dripline irrigation kit to allow for the controlled dispersal of treated wastewater into or onto the topsoil in your backyard. The dripline is a flexible and easy to install polyethylene dripline with pressure compensating turbulent flow emitters which distribute effluent slowly and uniformly across the entire disposal area even in difficult soils and on hilly terrain.
The major advantages of a sub-surface irrigation system:
- Grows more with less
Have a lush garden all year. The sub-surface irrigation helps you save water. It targets the root zone, where it is needed most. Far less valuable water is lost through evaporation, spray drift and run-off.
- Safeguards your family and pets
Sub-surface irrigation is your safest option. Even though the treated water from the BioPod is better than the required secondary standard, it is safest to keep it in the soil. The soil is an effective barrier to human contact with effluent. It eliminates the hygiene risks associated with pathogens in spray and puddles from above-ground irrigation.
- Less intrusive and reduced on-going costs
The irrigation is out of sight, out of mind. No need to mow around sprinklers and pipes, as these are not exposed to damage from the mower.
- More versatile
It is also better suited for steep slopes. In contrast, spray irrigation or surface pinned dripline on steep slopes can cause soil erosion and run off, and is more likely to result in uneven distribution.
Find out how the Award Winning Biopod works and how it ticks all the boxes for the Environment and Saving Money.
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agronomy
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https://www.thereviewsnow.com/best-organic-food-products-for-maintaining-a-healthy-diet/
| 2023-12-11T03:04:04 |
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en
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The use of organic food items for enhancing the diet has been around for ages. When the population started rising and the use of organic food products became less common. Organic products, while they are high in nutrition, take a lot of time to grow.
Intense research and a targeted approach led to the invention of chemical fertilizers, pesticides, and GMOs that are extremely harmful to human health. While the chemical-based methods increased food production incredibly and resolve the food crisis, they also cause problems after continuous consumption.
After a rise in food and nutrition-related diseases, people from all over the world are realizing the importance of organic food. More than 60% of households in the upper-end segment rely on organic food items as a part of their daily diet. Organic food items are obviously better than inorganic food items. They taste better, are chemical-free, and help in the healthy preservation of the ecosystem. Today, we have compiled a list of the best organic food products that you can consume to maintain a healthy diet.
Best Organic Food Items for a Healthy Diet
1) Organic Vegetables
Vegetables are the most consumed food product in the world. Vegetables such as spinach, Tomatoes, Cauliflower, Potatoes, Carrots, Capsicum, Green chili, etc are some of the most common organic vegetables around the world.
Organic produce is mostly the exposure by humans rather than toxic chemicals which is why organic vegetables are densely planted.
2) Organic Fruits
Another common organic food item is organic fruits. Organic fruit consumption is also vastly high all over the world. Some of the most common fruits consumed are mangoes, bananas, apples, peaches, etc.
Organic fruits don’t contain any shots of Ethylene Hormones and Quick ripening chemicals. This is why organic fruits are much better tasting and healthier for the human body. The quality of organic fruits is also higher than inorganic fruits.
3) Fruit Juices
While they may not sound common, more than 5% of people around the world consume organic fruit juices. The most common examples are “coconut water, orange juice, apple juice, pineapple juice, etc. Consumption of organic juices can improve the fiber intake and nutrient intake of your body.
Milk is a widely consumed food item globally. Out of all the food items, milk is the most inorganically produced. Organic milk means that the milk is derived from cows that haven’t been fed any growth hormones and antibiotics. They are also fed organic grass and feed to make the milk as pure as possible. This is done to ensure that the produced milk is free of chemicals. Organic milk has a better consistency and contains more nutrients.
5) Organic Eggs
Just like any other food item on the list, eggs are also consumed widely worldwide. They are one of the most common breakfast items. To support this growing need for eggs, the chickens are given growth hormones and antibiotics to increase the rate of egg-laying.
Organic eggs are produced from chicken that is kept on a natural diet and contains no antibiotics. The chickens are also not raised in captivity, the difference can be easily seen between organic and inorganic eggs by the color of their yolk.
Conclusion: Best Organic Food Products
As the world is becoming digital, it is getting easier for people to get organic food items whenever they want. We suggest that you go to the nearest farmer’s market to get the freshest organic produce. Including organic food items in your diet can offer you a plethora of health benefits, why don’t you try it today?
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agronomy
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http://www.yachting-pages.com/content/an-expert-guide-on-seasonal-and-local-yacht-provisions-in-france.html
| 2017-10-23T20:41:01 |
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-43/segments/1508187826642.70/warc/CC-MAIN-20171023202120-20171023222120-00658.warc.gz
| 0.945371 | 450 |
CC-MAIN-2017-43
|
webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2017-43__0__109356294
|
en
|
Expert advice on seasonal and local yacht provisions in France
As the French Riviera remains one of the main summer luxury yacht charter destinations, Gourmet Deliveries, a yacht supplier on the French Riviera, has compiled a list of top ten seasonal fruit and vegetables grown in this corner of France to ask your local provisioning company for:
- Tomatoes can be used in numerous recipes or are delicious eaten on their own, with a subtle hint of basil. Both tomatoes and basil are grown in abundance in the South of France, and the former are particularly sweet here as they are ripened under the sun.
- A bowl of freshly picked apricots serve as an ideal snack. This popular fruit is grown in France and can be sourced locally.
- Melons in the South of France are sweet, juicy and perfect for a healthy breakfast or served at lunch with Parma ham, both products that can be ordered via a yacht supplier.
- Look at any rural scenery in the South of France at the beginning of summer and you will find cherry trees laden with ripe, juicy cherries.
- Also grown in abundance and perfect for snacks or as ingredients in sweet or savoury dishes is the fig, from another tree, which adorns the French countryside.
- Les haricots verts are a staple part of many meals in France, and local beans are perfect for a summer day’s lunch.
- Local peaches are great as a desert, snack or for that first Bellini of the evening – peach juice with champagne.
- In early summer one of the most delicious vegetables grown locally is asparagus, delicious with a dab of butter or poached egg.
- Another vegetable grown in abundance in the green houses and on the terraces on the Cote d’Azur is the radish, which the French love to eat with butter too.
- Finally, don’t forget to order from a gourmet yacht provisioning company, locally grown strawberries, which guests will never tire of. A bowl of strawberries will also make your guests happier, according to a report, which revealed that 86% of people feel more relaxed just by thinking about eating one.
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agronomy
|
https://www.actionlesotho.ie/projects/agriculture
| 2021-09-25T08:33:57 |
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-39/segments/1631780057615.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20210925082018-20210925112018-00618.warc.gz
| 0.957341 | 168 |
CC-MAIN-2021-39
|
webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2021-39__0__4827510
|
en
|
The area around Maputsoe, the town in which Action Lesotho primarily operates, has high potential for agricultural development. In a country with such limited access to food and capital this is incredibly valuable. However there are many barriers to taking advantage of this potentially arable land: poor equipment, frequent droughts and storms, and the unpredictability of planting seasons as a result of climate change. This is made yet more difficult due to a lack of agricultural knowledge in such a challenging environment.
Our Agriculture Programme seeks to bring high standard and practices of Irish agriculture to Lesotho with the goal of facilitating the agricultural needs of the local community by providing access to expertise, manpower and equipment.
The goal of the Agricultural Programme is to create a successful and self-sustaining farming model which can be replicated across the country.
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agronomy
|
http://backyardproduce.net/
| 2015-01-26T06:19:15 |
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-06/segments/1422120394037.54/warc/CC-MAIN-20150124172634-00130-ip-10-180-212-252.ec2.internal.warc.gz
| 0.935156 | 572 |
CC-MAIN-2015-06
|
webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2015-06__0__114328907
|
en
|
BackYard Produce~A Taste-bud delight & budget friendly.
Three generations have farmed the same soil and we are proud to keep up the tradition. Our parents and grand parents farmed this soil with truck farming. Now we market garden and grow a wide variety of vegetables and fruit. With season extension techniques we are able to harvest produce from the end of May thru December. All produce is picked when flavor is at it's best.
We grow produce with a combination of old fashioned horse sense, biodynamic preps, companion planting w/herbs and flowers, green cropping, tree barriers, intercropping, intense gardening methods, mulching, composting, soil amendments and love in caring for our little slice of paradise.
Where you can find us
We will have all your favorite seasonal local produce including summer squash, cucumber, tomato, pepper, melon, corn, onion, broccoli, cauliflower, kale, chard, spinach, lettuce, salad mix, potato, garlic, leek, asparagus, winter squash, pumpkin and more! We grow our produce without synthetic chemicals and use a combination of methods to deter pests including but not limited to companion planting, intercropping, home made red pepper spray and we succession plant in several plots. The growers we work with use a variety of methods including integrated pest management for produce. If you have a question about the produce just ask us when you are at the stand. Everyone loves fruit including the pests so realistically some kind of determent is used to prevent a crop loss. The level will differ and depends on what kind of growing year we have.
We are not a certified organic grower, a grower must pay a licensing fee (and fill out a 37 page application) to use that term and we do not. We grow using an assortment of non synthetic methods including ideas and principles of permaculture and biodynamic concepts.
We also work with local farmers and purchase locally grown produce so we have a larger variety for our customers. We believe it is extremely important to network with the local growing community and develop a structure that will strengthen the local food shed. We are not huge with thousands of acres at our disposal for growing everything under the sun. We are a small family farm and grow several varieties of produce on our little slice of paradise. WE look to local growers to assist us with what we do not grow(primarily orchard fruit) and we are proud to be part of the Michiana local growers network. A strong local food shed is extremely important in creating food security for our great community. To create a strong local food shed we need a more growers/farmers not less.
Sign up for our weekly produce alert to get the news on what is in season and the produce we have in stock.
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agronomy
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https://garden.xs-pets.com/info.php
| 2024-04-18T07:50:51 |
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296817200.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20240418061950-20240418091950-00295.warc.gz
| 0.932413 | 542 |
CC-MAIN-2024-18
|
webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__179099
|
en
|
About Xundra's Garden
There are hundreds of flowers to collect in Xundra's Garden, each is given randomly as a seed to another flower.
In addition to collecting seeds via flowers, there is a "Garden Point" system that awards spendable points for weeding and squishing snails that appear in garden beds, and a "Green Thumb" level system where for each seed you collect you gain a point towards the next level up - higher levels unlock more flowers.
All you need to start is a flower and a pot. Watering is free, and done via the "Pot" or "Garden" menu. If you want to collect garden points, you will also need a garden bed (large if you want snails). If you have a garden bed you don't need a pot
Plants can survive outside of garden beds / pots and can even be watered if you have a watering can (included in the starter kit), however they will not produce seeds.
Plants do not die. If their hydration reaches zero, they will stop growing and producing seeds
The Starter Kit
Included in your starter kit is a flower and a medium pot (there is also a watering can, but it is not needed)
To get started, all you need to do is:
- Rezz the Pot
- Rezz the plant near the pot
- Click the pot and select "Add Plant"
- Click the plant.
The plant is planted, and will start to grow. You will need to water your plant, watering is done by clicking the pot and selecting water.
Your plant will grow in size every day up to age 5.
At age 10, then ever 10 days after that, your plant will go into seed. Click the plant and click "Yes" to the dialog to collect the seed. A new plant will be sent to you.
A plant must be planted inside a pot, planter or garden bed to go into seed.
Pots / Planters and Garden Beds are available at Xundra's Stuff
- Pots hold 1 plant, do not grow weeds or attract snails.
- Planters hold multiple plants, do not grow weeds or attract snails.
- Half Size Garden Beds hold 6 plants, and grow weeds.
- Full Size Garden Beds hold 12 plants, grow weeds and depending on the number of flowers planted, can attract snails.
Weeds and snails last 12 hours, and when clicked on, grant garden points. Garden points can be used to purchase special plants that can not be obtained via seeds.
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agronomy
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https://pyrapod.org/category/public-diy-etc/
| 2024-02-27T18:15:33 |
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474676.79/warc/CC-MAIN-20240227153053-20240227183053-00327.warc.gz
| 0.851688 | 201 |
CC-MAIN-2024-10
|
webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-10__0__110752986
|
en
|
One day I am going to build it with the double-ring hubs as seen on this website www.ziptiedomes.com. It is
Learn more about this project here: pyrapod.org/p/pyratunnel-edmonton-sandponics
This one is slightly different from the Dixon Project in Redwater, AB, Canada. This one has less digging and smaller
Learn more about this project here https://pyrapod.org/p/pyratunnel-edmonton-sandponics
This one is slightly different from the Dixon Project in Redwater, AB, Canada. Less digging and smaller size.
For more info about the project, please go to https://pyrapod.org/p/pyratunnel-edmonton-sandponics
More info about this project at https://www.gofundme.com/f/pyratunnel-aquaponics-calgary
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agronomy
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https://angusuruguay.com/world-angus-secretariat-uruguay-2019/en/
| 2022-08-09T05:13:58 |
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570901.18/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809033952-20220809063952-00404.warc.gz
| 0.940457 | 172 |
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|
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|
en
|
Uruguay, a small corner in the world located between Argentina and Brazil, where soil fertility turns the agricultural sector into the main country’s economic income.
This small country land, with only 3 million inhabitants, has more than 12 million cattle heads, using 84% of its territory in farming, with 13 million has. of native pasture with more than 250 breeds.
Uruguay is the 7 th beef meat exporter in the world, with access to 150 markets. We produce 1 million tons of live weight per year, exporting 70% of the production,
representing 5% of the meat volume exported worldwide.
Regarding beef consumption, Uruguay occupies the 1 st position at world level with 57,8 kgs per person per year. This fact, combined with the ranking in whisky consumption, will make your visit quite an experience.
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agronomy
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http://www.monasheecommunityco-op.ca/node/81
| 2019-01-16T05:48:18 |
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-04/segments/1547583656897.10/warc/CC-MAIN-20190116052151-20190116074151-00440.warc.gz
| 0.955582 | 667 |
CC-MAIN-2019-04
|
webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2019-04__0__163264534
|
en
|
The Monashee Community Co-op has celebrated over a year of successful marketing of organic produce and groceries in Lumby. The underpinnings of this endeavor are based on such principles as expounded by world renowned organic crusader Dr. Vandana Shiva who was in Vernon this year for the conference of the Certified Organic Association of BC (Feb. 24.)
Vandana Shiva reminded us of the external costs that chemical pesticides cause to the biosphere. Any damage caused by bad farming practices are passed onto to society. Such agreements as the TPP (Trans-Pacific Partnership) indemnify our losses. The touted efficiency of industrial food production is a myth, and one that destroys bio-diversity. Data about yields are manipulated and the nutrition from such food is degraded. She mentioned our one-time environmentalist Patrick Moore who had it wrong about the nutritional benefits of Golden Rice (owned by Monsanto subsidiary Syngenta). Our animal feed consisting of corn and soy is 90% GMO and as such becomes concentrated in what humans eat—to our detriment.
The production of synthetic nitrogen uses a tremendous amount of energy, a product of post-World War II chemical surpluses, and is seen to be one of the drivers of climate change. Traditionally Indian farmers grew pulses that fixed nitrogen when combined with other crops and allowed crop diversity. This practice has declined and India has become dependent on chemical fertilizers as well as imported pulses.
In response to concerns about increasing gluten intolerance, she noted that ancient wheats had 40% more protein and were not a health problem. The advent of industrial agriculture has seen the decline of 200,000 (?) rice varieties traditionally grown in India to only 3,000—the seeds of which were conserved by Vandana Shiva’s group Navdanya. The high nutritional value of organic farming practices could feed two Indias.
Vanadana Shiva referenced Sir Albert Howard, the father of modern organic farming working in India for 25 years, who demonstrated that pests are created by bad farming practices and that traditional organic farming minimizes the dangers from pests. Correcting unsuitable conditions of the soil and unsuitable crops made the environment virtually immune to pest attack and created healthy food and livestock.
The Indian government is suing Monsanto for its bio-piracy and illegal practices. India’s cotton growing region (amongst others) underwent such an exorbitant increase in the cost of seed and chemicals that led 300,000 Indian farmers to suicide. The corporate invasion from American seed companies has hamstrung India’s food sovereignty and at last the federal government is reacting.
In a just society 50% of what the consumer pays for food should go to the farmer, as opposed to the 1% that farmers get from industrial agriculture.
All living systems are self-organized and you can’t improve upon nature by contaminating plants with a foreign gene as in food contaminated by GMOs. It’s not about precision but the organism and the entire eco-system.
This is first in a series written by Monashee Community Co-op members. These topics would elaborate on local food production, healthy soil, bee pollination, non GMOs, seed diversity, humane and ethical treatment of animals, healthy diets as well as water usage and climate change.
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agronomy
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https://surenaira.com/application-for-nirsal-loan-2023-agro-geo-cooperative-loan-application/
| 2023-09-25T02:15:50 |
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233506676.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20230925015430-20230925045430-00546.warc.gz
| 0.905675 | 726 |
CC-MAIN-2023-40
|
webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-40__0__113831409
|
en
|
Application for NIRSAL Loan 2023 – Agro Geo-Cooperative Loan Application
NIRSAL Loan 2023 – NIRSAL Agro Geo-Cooperative Loan
Are you a Nigerian farmer seeking for a loan to grow or improve your company in 2023?
If so, you now have the chance to apply for the NIRSAL Agro Geo-Cooperative Loan 2023, as we will lead you through the process and explain if you qualify.
A financial service provided by the Nigeria Incentive-Based Risk Sharing System is the NIRSAL Agro Geo-Cooperative Loan.
Nirsal Agricultural Lending supports the expansion and development of agricultural cooperatives and small-scale farmers in Nigeria.
The loan is intended to be used to pay for agricultural operations including the purchase of inputs. building of infrastructure and value chain growth.
The lender and NIRSAL share the risk of the loan. The loan is made on a risk-sharing basis (commercial bank or a microfinance bank).
Additionally, some agricultural value chains, including those for crop, livestock, and agro-processing production, are tied to credit. Only farmers and cooperatives involved in these value chains have access to it.
2023 Requirements for NIRSAL Agro Geo-Cooperative Loans
Depending on the lender and the particular agricultural value chain under consideration, the NIRSAL Agro Geo-Cooperative Loan’s specific conditions may change. Typically, the conditions listed below may be applicable:
Only small-scale farmers and agricultural cooperatives residing in certain Nigerian states are eligible for this loan.
participating in certain agricultural value chains (eg crop production, livestock production, agro-processing).
Additionally, interested farmers or cooperative societies should be eager to use the NIRSAL’s specialist technical and extension services.
Collateral may be needed for the loan.
Collateral might take the form of real estate, equipment, or other assets.
For loans, financial statements:
For a loan, you may need to provide financial records, tax clearance, audited accounts, and other financial information.
A thorough business strategy that makes use of the financing may be necessary.
This covers the particular farming operations that will be funded, the anticipated return on investment, and the payback schedule.
How to Apply for an Agro Geo-Cooperative Loan from NIRSAL in 2023
There are various stages you must complete in order to apply for the NIRSAL Agro Cooperative Loan.
Make sure you first satisfy the requirements for the loan. This can include prerequisites like being a farmer in Nigeria and having a workable business strategy for your farm.
Gather all of the necessary paperwork that must be included with your loan application next. Financial information, company strategies, and identity papers may be included.
To get an application form, either go to the NIRSAL website or the office of the bank or microfinance institution closest to you.
Fill out the application form completely, making sure to include all of the necessary details about your company and financial status.
Send the completed application form and any necessary supporting papers to the relevant authorities (such as the bank or NIRSAL office).
Wait for the outcome of your loan application, which should come in a few weeks.
You may utilize the loan money to improve or grow your agricultural company if your loan application is granted.
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agronomy
|
https://www.jdepeets.com/sustainability/stories/promoting-child-education-in-ugandan-coffee-communities/
| 2023-12-10T00:29:08 |
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100989.75/warc/CC-MAIN-20231209233632-20231210023632-00455.warc.gz
| 0.925796 | 453 |
CC-MAIN-2023-50
|
webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-50__0__315682581
|
en
|
Common Grounds Farmer Programme: Promoting Child Education in Ugandan Coffee Communities
||Kyagalani Ltd, CEFORD, Rainforest Alliance, RVO
||Greater Masaka and Rwenzori districts of Central and Western Uganda.
||At least 9,000 coffee growing households
Uganda is one of the world’s leading Robusta producers, and smaller quantities of Arabica are also grown in the Mt. Elgon and Rwenzori highlands and in the West Nile region.
More than 1.8 million smallholder farmers in Uganda depend on coffee for their livelihoods though the majority of Ugandan smallholder coffee farmers live below the poverty line and work on farms that average less than 0.2 hectares. Children continue to face educational challenges in Uganda’s coffee communities which increases the risk of child labour and the likelihood that children won’t receive quality education.
For most of 2020 and 2021, schools in Uganda were shut due to the Covid-19 pandemic and preliminary post-pandemic data shows that farmers are now more likely to be unable to afford to send their children to school due to the combination of school fee hikes and economic hardship stemming from the pandemic and from cost of living increases associated with inflation.
Without increased community awareness and community based monitoring and remediation systems this challenge is likely to continue. This project “Promoting Child Education in Ugandan Coffee Communities” is a joint initiative partnering with one of our suppliers Kyagalani Coffee Limited, Rainforest Alliance, Ugandan based Community Empowerment for Rural Development (CEFORD) and Netherlands Enterprise Agency (RVO) Fund Against Child Labour (FBK).
Together we are working at the community level in two coffee sourcing regions of Masaka and Rwenzori to tackle child labour and its root causes. The approach is to involve all stakeholders within the area including coffee exporter staff, teachers, parents, children, community groups, religious and cultural leaders and local authorities in a participatory approach to tackle this complex issue.
As we now complete the project we are in discussions with the partners and local stakeholders to align on how to scale the learnings and interventions to reach more coffee communities.
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agronomy
|
https://usareally.com/2084-kansas-farmers-in-panic-as-harvest-dies-due-to-wet-weather
| 2021-12-07T23:44:00 |
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-49/segments/1637964363420.81/warc/CC-MAIN-20211207232140-20211208022140-00261.warc.gz
| 0.979064 | 572 |
CC-MAIN-2021-49
|
webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2021-49__0__20402207
|
en
|
Kansas Farmers in panic as harvest dies due to wet weather
TOPEKA – November 19, 2018
Kansas farmers are in a true panic as they stand to lose a significant part of this year’s harvest due to wet weather this upcoming winter season, as it has presented challenges for those getting soybeans and milo out of the fields and winter wheat in the ground. As the state is considered one of the most important agricultural centers of the country, this could also affect the economy of all neighboring states as well.
“I would have planted a little bit of wheat this year, but don’t think I’m going to get any in,” said Raylen Phelon, a fifth-generation farmer. In fact, Phelon was in Topeka at a meeting at the Kansas Wheat Commission, and his son texted him that he was finally back in the fields cutting beans, yet it required much effort and time.
“He said it’s muddy and sticky, but he’s able to go,” Phelon said, adding that he typically has soybeans harvested by Halloween.
Brad Parker, spokesman for the Kansas Soybean Commission, admitted there is a significant problem in Kansas with the harvest, as just 74% of it has been completed this year, whilst the five-year average for this time of the year is close to 90%. Specialists, such as Marsha Boswell, spokeswoman for the Kansas Wheat Commission, added that the challenge, though, is that farmers who couldn’t get their soybeans harvested face issues with their wheat planting.
“There are certain deadlines that farmers have to have their wheat in by to qualify for crop insurance and keep that coverage,” she said. “We are essentially past all those deadlines for Kansas.
“If they haven’t gotten their wheat planted at this point, it’s likely that they are not going to plant it.”
Based on that likelihood, Boswell said, the Wheat Commission expects to see fewer acres planted.
The wet weather isn’t the only reason for a bad harvest, as Kansas State University researchers have also issued a report about purple seed stain, or a blight caused by a fungus that is affecting crops in the state.
“Large areas of the soybean belt have poor quality soybeans that are being either severely discounted or outright refused at the elevator,” Kansas State’s Department of Agronomy stated in their report. “In Kansas, there are confirmed reports of loads being rejected at local elevators and large terminals due to high levels of purple seed stain.”
Between trade tariffs affecting commodity prices and the wet weather, it has been a tough year for some Kansas farmers.
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agronomy
|
http://www.oasisdesign.net/greywater/SBebmudGWstudy.htm
| 2013-05-22T07:06:48 |
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368701445114/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516105045-00078-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz
| 0.959261 | 5,401 |
CC-MAIN-2013-20
|
webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2013-20__0__152632587
|
en
|
The California Department of Water Resources (DWR) with the City of Santa Barbara and East Bay Municipal Utilities District initiated the Graywater Study in the spring of 1996. Graywater is untreated waste water which has not come into contact with toilet waste. The purpose of the study was to collect data at single-family sites to determine the benefits, costs, and impacts of graywater. The project was modeled after the 1992 City of Los Angeles Office of Reclamations Graywater Pilot Project. It was hoped that there would be ten sites throughout the State to participate in this two-year project. While initial interest was great, only three sites in the cities of Santa Barbara, Danville (Contra Costa County), and Castro Valley (Alameda County) were able to obtain local permits and meet the other requirements of the study.
Because of the limited number of sites, this should not be considered a comprehensive, definitive report on graywater, either extolling or discouraging its use. Rather, it is a valuable case study with observations of the operation of these three legal graywater systems over a two-year period.
DWR provided specific sampling procedures and basic instructions to the participating agencies. Soil samples were taken from within six inches of the subsurface irrigation line. An Oakfield stainless steel tube was used to take several soil cores to seven inches deep, discarding the top one inch. The soil cores, constituting of at least 500 grams of soil, were deposited into a ziploc plastic bag.
Water samples were taken from an outlet of the surge tank and deposited directly into a sampling tube, then poured into a one-quart polyethylene container.
Samples were labeled; packed in a cooler and iced to maintain the temperature at 4 degrees Celsius for 25 hours; and sent in overnight delivery to the DWR laboratory in West Sacramento.
The water samples were analyzed immediately upon receipt at the lab. The soil samples were dried, then weighed out to 50 grams of soil. Then 500 milliliters of de-ionized water was added to the soil, and extracted after 48 hours. Finally, the water was filtered from the soil and analyzed.
The soil and water samples were tested for Boron, pH, Sodium, Chloride, Calcium, Magnesium, Specific Conductivity, and calculated Sodium Adsorption Ratio. These chemical parameters indicate conditions of the soil that may affect plant growth directly or indirectly.
The chemical composition of graywater varies greatly based on numerous factors including the original quality of the water coming to the home; personal habits of the family members; which plumbing fixtures are connected to the system; and usually most importantly, the laundry soaps used. While samples taken from the graywater tank provide important reference data, samples from the soil are better indicators of the potential effect on the soil and plants. Therefore, the following observations are based primarily on the soil-based samples.
See Table A for a complete tabulation of the laboratory reports. The laboratory reports were reviewed in terms of ranges of values of chemical parameters for plant growth conditions; upward trends over the two-year period; and obvious spikes of chemical concentrations. There were no significant, consistent upward trends or spikes in chemical concentrations from the soil samples in any of the constituents tested. However, at the Castro Valley site, there was a temporary increase in salinity in both the graywater storage tank and the soil from July 1996 until the end of 1996 (see Specific Conductance, SC.) The value of 1060 micromhos/cm indicates that salt had accumulated in the soil to a potentially lethal level for plants. Presumably, either supplemental irrigation with potable water or rainfall between November 1996 and April 1997 leached the salts from the soils.
The normal range for pH is from 6.5 to 8.4. Measurement of pH of less than 7 indicates an acidic soil; 7 is neutral; and greater than 7 indicates an alkaline soil. Sodium, Potassium, and Calcium are alkaline chemicals. Lab reports from all except one sample for all three sites showed that pH exceeded 7.1, indicating alkaline soil conditions. This supports the recommendation that gardeners avoid planting acid-loving plants such as azaleas, gardenias, camellias, and rhododendrons in landscapes irrigated with graywater.
Also, pH can be an indicator of the potential for drip irrigation emitters to clog. The combination of high pH and high Calcium can cause potential clogging problems due to a build up of precipitated lime in the emitters. According to Pestcod (FAO 47, Wastewater treatment and use for agriculture, 1992):
Degree of Restriction of Use
None Slight-Moderate Severe
pH <7.0 7.0-8.0 >8.0
Based on these criteria, pH was slightly to moderately problematic in terms of clogging emitters at all sites.
The concentration of Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3) is an indication of the capacity of water to precipitate soap (form a lather). For irrigation equipment purposes, soft water is preferred over hard water. The lower the concentration of CaCO3, the softer the water:
Concentration of CaCo3 (mg/L) Description
300 and up very hard
(from the Quality Criteria for Water, U.S. E.P.A., 1986)
Three of the soil samples were in the "moderately hard" range while all the rest were in the "soft " category.
High levels of Sodium can degrade the soils physical condition and contribute toward an alkaline soil condition. In addition, high Sodium can be toxic to certain plants and disrupt the Calcium nutrition of the plant. UNFAO (United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization Publication #29: Water Quality in Agriculture) indicates "no problems" at levels less than 69 mg/L, "increasing problems" between 69 and 207, and "severe problems" at greater than 207. Neither the Santa Barbara nor Danville sites registered Sodium readings from the soil samples that would cause problems. Castro Valley registered three readings in the "increasing problems" category, and one indicating potentially "severe problems." (Based on the soil samples being multiplied by 25 to estimate the concentration as a "saturated paste," the scientific standard by which potential plant effects are based.)
The specific conductivity (SC) or electrical conductivity (EC) of the water is an indicator of the salinity hazard. It is a measure of all dissolved salts in the water. The higher the concentration of salts and minerals, the greater the potential for adverse impacts on the soil and plants. The standard classification of soils from the National Soil Survey Handbook, NRCS, 1993, related to salinity is:
Class Specific Conductivity (Ece)
0. non saline 0-2,000 micromhos/cm
1. very slightly saline 2,000-4,000
2. slightly saline 4,000-8000
3. moderately saline 8,000-16,000
4. strongly saline > 16,000
None of the samples exceeded 2,000 micromhos/cm, indicated that non saline conditions exist in all cases tested. In nearly all cases, the EC was near or below 1 dS/m, and does not pose a salinity hazard (SP/1000=Ds/m, multiplied by 24 for an estimated EC.) In one case in Castro Valley, the EC increased in the tank to 1.9 Ds/m, but later decreased to 0.4. Should the EC in the water increase to this level on a frequent basis or remain at this level for a prolonged period of time, certain sensitive plants could suffer salt injury.
The Sodium Adsorption Ratio is an important parameter because, in combination with SC, it can indicate whether a water source will reduce the infiltration rate of water into the soil. SAR is calculated from the concentrations (in milliequivalents per liter, meq/L) of Sodium, Calcium, and Magnesium. High Sodium Adsorption Ratios reduce the infiltration rate of water into the soil. Soils with values for Sodium Adsorption Ratios of 13 or more may result in soils with reduced permeability and aeration, and a general degradation of soil structure (according to the National Soil Survey Handbook, NRCS, 1993). All SAR readings in this study were well below 13.
A look at the combined effect of SAR and EC also indicates that graywater at these three sites would not create an infiltration or permeability problem. This is based upon the following criteria from Dr. Jim Oster, Soil Specialist for the University of California Riverside Cooperative Extension:
When SAR is: Potential infiltration problem is:
Unlikely if EC is: Likely if EC is:
0-3 >0.7 <0.3
3-6 >1.0 <0.4
6-12 >2.0 <0.5
12-20 >3.0 <1.0
20-40 >5.0 <2.0
In proper amounts, Calcium is an important micronutrient for plants. In excessive amounts, Calcium could clog the emitters of a sub-surface drip irrigation system, such as is often used with graywater systems, if not properly filtered. High levels of Calcium could contribute toward an alkaline soil. The measurement of Calcium levels is used to determine Sodium Adsorption Ratios, and has no established specific level of concentration that would be damaging to the soil or plants.
In proper amounts, Magnesium is also an important micronutrient for plants. Likewise, in excessive amounts, Magnesium could clog the emitters of a subsurface drip irrigation system, such as is often used with graywater systems, if not properly filtered. The measurement of Magnesium levels is used to determine Sodium Adsorption Ratios, and has no established specific level of concentration that would be damaging to the soil or plants. Magnesium levels are relatively low and are not problematic.
This element can cause toxicity to plants at very low concentrations. UNFAO indicates "no problems" at levels less than 142 mg/L, "increasing problems" between 142 and 355, and "severe problems" at greater than 355. Chloride measurement from the soil samples at all three sites were within the "no problem" category.
This element can also cause toxicity to plants at very low concentrations. UNFAO indicates "no problems" at levels less than 0.75 mg/L, "increasing problems" between 0.75 and 2.0, and "severe problems" at greater than 2.0. All sites recorded less than 0.1 mg/L of Boron from the soil samples tested. This is well within the "no problem" range.
Based on the samples taken, there appear to be no problems related to hardness, SAR, Chlorine, or Boron. The pH was routinely alkaline. Specific conductivity results indicate non saline conditions. Sodium was slightly high in the Castro Valley site, highlighting what could be the greatest concern for the use of graywater: transient salinity conditions, especially in systems which use subsurface drip irrigation. Winter rains or occasional leaching of the soil would usually take care of this problem.
Both the City and County of Santa Barbara developed a permit system for the use of graywater during the last California drought to provide citizens a legally recognized way to use graywater to keep their landscapes alive. At that time, the City of Santa Barbara only allowed the use of graywater during a "drought emergency" condition. Many homeowners that used graywater during the drought expressed interest in using graywater after the drought was over. However, even after the State approved graywater standards in 1994, staff found problems in the process to permit and install a legal graywater system as only three permits for graywater systems had been issued by the City of Santa Barbara Building and Zoning Division since 1990. One of the Citys reasons for participating in the DWR study was to develop methods for increasing graywater use with legal permitted systems.
The study site is a single-family residential lot on the west side of the City of Santa Barbara. The property is 6,900 square feet with a 1,100 square foot home. The home has one bathroom. The home was torn down and rebuilt by the homeowners in 1992. The landscape consists of a vegetable garden, fruit trees, and low-water using plants. There are two large landscaped areas in the front of the house separated by a central path. Additionally there are small landscaped areas on the sides and back of the house. The homeowners are organic gardeners and therefore use only organic products on their landscaping. The landscape is heavily mulched and the soil is in excellent condition.
Connections to the graywater system are made from the bathtub/shower, bathroom sink and clotheswasher. This is a gravity-feed system requiring no filtering and no tank. Graywater drains through 2" ABS pipe at a slope of a minimum of _" per one foot allowing debris to be flushed through. Infiltration is switched between two zones every 2-3 weeks to allow the soil to rest and dry out. Each zone splits the water numerous times as it flows to supply water to numerous fruit trees. Splitting is achieved through precise leveling of "T" fittings. Infiltration occurs through reservoirs consisting of buried perforated five-gallon buckets surrounded by wood chips.
The two zones are in the large landscaped area in the front of the house that irrigates a mixture of citrus, stone fruit and other fruit trees. Zone 1 is 52 square feet and irrigates six fruit trees and Zone 2 is 44 square feet and irrigates four fruit trees. See diagram below of the graywater irrigation system.
The homeowners use Oasis laundry soap (1/16 1/8 cup per load of laundry) in the washing machine which appears to have no negative affects on the majority of the fruit trees. Only the guava tree seemed stressed by the use of graywater. In April 1998, homeowners began using Ultra 7 enzyme cleaning solution, a soapless water treatment disk, in the laundry. They use Oasis soap periodically with the disk. Since the use of the disk, homeowners state that the guava tree appears to be doing better.
When the homeowners rebuilt their home, they plumbed the home with the intention of installing a graywater system. Capital costs of the graywater system were low because of this foresight. The home has a raised foundation that made the plumbing changes much simpler than if the home had a slab foundation. The total materials cost of the system was $781, with $212 for the graywater system and $569 for the irrigation system. The homeowners installed the system themselves, thus reducing the labor costs substantially. The only labor costs were $350 for plumbing work. Because of the relatively basic nature of this type of system, the capital costs are significantly lower than for other types of graywater systems.
Operating costs are minimal due to the very simple, gravity system that was installed. The homeowners estimate that one hour per month is spent on maintaining the system.
Homeowners irrigate Zone 1 for 2-3 weeks and then switch to Zone 2 for the same period of time. A separate meter measures the graywater use to evaluate the potable water saved. Because the site has a gravity graywater system, it was necessary to use a meter that could operate at atmospheric pressure. A tipping bucket meter is used to measure the graywater that works by filling and tipping every 1.5 gallons and then records the tips on a digital counter. The homeowners kept a monthly log which included recording the readings of the graywater meter. The first winter the homeowners turned the graywater system off for most of January and February. From November 1996 to March 1997 the total graywater use was only 3.5 hundred cubic feet (hcf). The 1997 spring/summer graywater use (April 1997 to October 1997) was 12 hcf. From November 1996 to June 1997 there were three people living in the home, after that time there were only two people living in the home.
Graywater use for the second winter of the study was minimal. For November and December 1997 the graywater use was only 1 hcf. The graywater system was turned off for January through the end of March 1998 due to heavy rainfall. The 1998 spring/summer graywater use (April 1998 to September 1998) was 8 hcf.
Because the homeowners were continuing to landscape their property with additional plantings irrigated with potable water during the study, one cannot compare the historical potable water use of the property to calculate potable water saved. However, it is the assumption of the author that a significant percentage of the graywater used offset potable water use that otherwise would have been necessary to irrigate the fruit trees.
Based upon an estimated life of the graywater system of 20 years, the total water savings is approximately 190,740 gallons. This is equal to 0.6 acre feet or 255 hcf. At an average cost of $3.50 per hcf in the City of Santa Barbara service area, the customer water savings is $893. Since the cost of the system was $1131, the net cost to the homeowner over 20 years would be around $238.
Since there are only two people living in the home, the amount of graywater produced was just enough for the fruit trees on the system. However, this type of system could be expanded to irrigate larger landscaped areas with more graywater at a home with an increased number of residents, which would increase the cost effectiveness of the system.
Overall, the homeowners are very happy with their graywater system. The homeowners are organic farmers with a strong conservation ethic and had a positive attitude towards graywater. Installation of the gravity run system was somewhat difficult because the slope of the system had to remain at _" drop per 1 foot. However, once installed the simple nature of the system allowed it to be basically maintenance free.
The homeowners were pleased with the health of their fruit trees. The only problem they had was with the large amount of slugs that congregated in the reservoirs. Due to the set up of the system, fruit trees are irrigated for 2-3 weeks in Zone 1 and then graywater is switched to Zone 2. The homeowners noticed that the citrus trees appeared to do well with the continued watering for 2-3 weeks without a drying out period, however the stone fruit trees seemed to be slightly stressed by the long irrigation periods.
Permitting of the graywater system by the local regulatory agencies was a lengthy process mainly due to a lack of knowledge on the graywater standards. When the homeowner and the author first approached the City of Santa Barbara Building and Zoning Division (Building Division) with a request for a graywater permit, the inspectors had no knowledge of the California Graywater Standards. There was also confusion on who had jurisdiction to permit a graywater system. The Building Division referred us to the Santa Barbara County Environmental Health Department, who after having the plans for six weeks, informed us that they had no jurisdiction for review. Once this confusion was cleared up, the permit process was resumed at the Building Division and went very smoothly, as we then received the permit in three days. The cost of the permit was $80. The study site permitting process was an educational process for the regulatory agencies in Santa Barbara and they now know how to handle graywater permits.
The type of graywater system at the City of Santa Barbara site works well for that particular size of property and the type of landscaping that is irrigated with graywater. It is a small system with low capital costs. Installing the system was simplified because this site was pre-plumbed for graywater when it was rebuilt. Homeowners completed the majority of the installation of the system themselves which reduced the labor costs substantially.
It is the authors opinion that until the permitting process with the regulatory agencies is streamlined and uniform for the State, it will deter citizens from permitting their graywater systems. Because of the confusion and lack of knowledge of the regulatory agencies, the permitting process delayed the installation of the graywater system at the study site by almost two months. A simple, straight-forward process will encourage citizens to apply for a permit.
A mailing was sent to 500 randomly selected East Bay Municipal Utility District (EBMUD) single family customers seeking participation in the graywater study. The mailing included a qualifying survey whereby participants had to have at least four members in the family and be living in a dwelling with a raised foundation. Two sites were selected from 15 site inspections.
Both of the selected sites involved two story detached single-family dwelling with approximately 10,000 square feet of irrigated landscaping. Both sites also have four family members, three bathrooms, a clothes washer, and an automated irrigation system.
The installed graywater systems both included the following components:
Connections to the graywater system in both residences are made from the clothes washer, and two out of three of the bathrooms. All three bathrooms are full bathrooms, in that they contain a wash basin and either a bath or shower. The reason one bathroom at each site was not connected to the graywater system was due to cost concerns. Adding the remaining upstairs bathroom to the graywater system would have involved extensive work to get into the walls to make the plumbing changes.
At one site, the graywater irrigation system is used to irrigate a lawn area and at the other site a sloped shrub area is irrigated.
The capital cost for each graywater system was $1250, which included the cost of plumbing connections. The labor cost for the two sites averaged $4150 each. Approximately $1,000 of the installation cost was for the installation of the irrigation system, which was required to be buried to a depth of about 9 inches in a 17 inch trench. Irrigation lines needed to be 14 inches apart and cover approximately 1200 square feet. The installation of the graywater systems was labor intensive due to the difficulty incurred in making the drain line plumbing connections from the various household fixtures. The total system capital and installation cost averaged $5400 for each site.
The quality of the landscape was reviewed monthly during the study and no noticeable negative impacts were noted. At one home, where the graywater irrigation system irrigated a lawn area, supplemental water was needed on occasion.
The estimated per capita flow from the graywater system was expected to be around 30-35 gallons per person per day or about 50% of indoor use. A water meter was installed on the graywater line running to the landscape to measure water flows from the graywater system. The average annual discharge to the landscape at one home was 74 gallons per day and was 89 gallons per day at the other home for a per capita annual average of 20.4 gallons per day. One obvious reason that the measured use was lower than expected could be due to the fact that one bathroom was not connected to the graywater drain line system in both of the homes.
Based upon an estimated life of the graywater system of 15 years, the total water savings is about 446,200 gallons. This is equal to 1.37 acre feet or 596 hcf. At an average cost of $1.50 per hcf in the EBMUD service area the customer water savings is $895. Since the cost of the system was $5400, the net cost to the homeowner over 15 years would be around $4500. The energy cost to operate the pump was not calculated but would add to the total cost. The cost for water to back-flush the filter system (six times a year and for 10 minutes each time) over a 15 year period was calculated to be around $20.
Homeowners were required to maintain a monthly log and note any maintenance problems or absences from the site of several days or more. Study participants were satisfied with the graywater systems and incurred no maintenance problems during the study period. Both homeowners plan to keep using the graywater system. However, they also indicated that they would not be willing to pay for these systems without a significant financial incentive.
The permitting and inspection process was somewhat involved at the two permitting agencies: the Town of Danville and the County of Alameda. The Town of Danville permit cost $140 and the County of Alameda permit cost $125. Neither agency was excited about permitting a graywater system. However, after several letters and several telephone calls, both agencies issued permits. Both agencies were concerned about the proper venting of the drain line system, the plumbing of an overflow return line from the surge tank to the sanitary sewer system, and the proper drain line connections. Neither agency, on the other hand, inspected the irrigation system. The County of Alameda also required that the surge tank be strapped down in case of an earthquake. Both agencies required proper labeling of the waste stream which involved a note that said "Danger- Graywater- Do Not Drink". Both agencies required a site plan showing the layout of the drain lines and the irrigation system.
The following comments are offered based upon observations of the author made during this graywater study:
The graywater study concludes in November 1998. Soil and water quality analysis are forthcoming and will be presented at the Conserv 99 Conference.
Drawing from the results of the study, the following recommendations are proposed to promote the use of graywater in California: 1. Provide the public with information on the different types of systems and their associated costs and potential benefits; 2. Improve the graywater permitting process establish statewide guidelines that will streamline the process for a homeowner to obtain a permitted legal system; 3. Provide incentives for residences to use graywater, including dual plumbing in new construction; and 4. Encourage graywater system manufacturers to work with large hardware stores to have training on graywater systems for customers.
Special thanks to Stephen Grattan, Plant and Water Relations Specialist at the Department of Land, Air, and Water Resources of the University of California, Davis who contributed generously to the design and analysis of this project.
www.oasisdesign.net Copyright © Art Ludwig 1997 -2013
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agronomy
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http://www.fauzihashim.com/harvested/
| 2019-09-17T21:10:40 |
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-39/segments/1568514573121.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20190917203354-20190917225354-00160.warc.gz
| 0.929605 | 149 |
CC-MAIN-2019-39
|
webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2019-39__0__129661888
|
en
|
“The farmer had harvested the padi in the field”.
to pick and collect crops, or to collect plants, animals, or fish to eat: In the US, winter wheat is harvested in the early summer.
the time of year when crops are cut and collected from the fields, or the activity of cutting and collecting ..
gather (a crop) as a harvest. “after harvesting, most of the crop is stored in large buildings”
synonyms:gather in, gather, bring in, take in; reap, pick, collect; raregarner, ingather, glean, cull
“once he’s harvested the wheat crop, there are still the beans”
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agronomy
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http://bentgrass.org/tag/bentgrass-seed/
| 2015-09-03T12:47:44 |
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-35/segments/1440645315227.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20150827031515-00096-ip-10-171-96-226.ec2.internal.warc.gz
| 0.943585 | 606 |
CC-MAIN-2015-35
|
webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2015-35__0__106314775
|
en
|
L93 bentgrass seed has not been readily available for the longest time. We have access to approximately 175 pounds of immediately available L93 bentgrass seed. It is being sold by the pound, or in five, ten and 25 pound increments. This is fresh, high germination L93 bentgrass seed, and it’s first come first serve. No way to know how the l93 bentgrass seed Spring harvest is going to do, so you might want to grab some L93 bentgrass seed while it’s still available. Again, since it’s such a short supply, no complaining if you go to take advantage of this opportunity, and it’s all sold out.
L93 Bentgrass Seed – Why should you use it?
One of the reasons that L93 Bentgrass is so popular is because it is ailment and infestation tolerant and requires a lower number of pesticides or herbicides, L93 bentgrass, which happens to be extremely temperature resistant and doesn’t have to have the similar air movement and sunlight as a number of the more common grasses.
Greens that utilize L93 bentgrass, result in putts that move more true and locate the bottom of the cup on a regular basis!
L93 bentgrass seed is by far, one of the best choices for putting greens and tee boxes.
L-93 bentgrass originated as a result of propagation initiatives involving Rutgers University and Lofts Seed for a decade and launched in 1995. Parental product and beginning choices have been determined by qualities including color, advancement behavior and sickness opposition. Chosen product was taken care of with no fungicide programs using a perspective to discovering materials together with the maximum degrees of sickness opposition.
L-93 bentgrass seed continues to be most popular bentgrass seed selection in the united states as well as in South Africa. Its putting characteristics along with its easier managing helps it be commonly known as the best new technology bentgrass seed to keep. A reduced fungicide need tends to make L-93 bentgrass seed a fundamental element of an IPM (integrated pest management) process and decreases operations expenses.
Even though this assortment features a fine and thick consistency, it doesn’t need an extraordinarily higher level of thatch managing. Typical hollow tining procedures and top dressing procedures are adequate.
Because it doesn’t experience anthocyanin build-up (leaf-purpling) in fall months, L-93 bentgrass seed retains its eye-catching shade in the winter months. Because of its temperature level of resistance and cold hardiness, L-93 bentgrass seed is commonly used, executing effectively through the entire United states and South Africa.
It truly is ideal for use on greens, tees and fairways, despite the fact that L93 bentgrass seed isn’t presently utilized as being a fairway turf in South Africa. It may also be utilized on bowling greens as well as on grass tennis courts.
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agronomy
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http://youxianseed.com/e_profile.html
| 2021-09-21T23:28:10 |
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-39/segments/1631780057274.97/warc/CC-MAIN-20210921221605-20210922011605-00409.warc.gz
| 0.935194 | 336 |
CC-MAIN-2021-39
|
webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2021-39__0__37241913
|
en
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Shouguang Youxian Seed Co., Ltd. was founded in 2005, is located in Shandong Chinese town of vegetables - Shouguang City, office covers an area of 30 acres, with new varieties display, screen breeding base of more than 100 acres, is a collection of scientific research, experiment and demonstration, to promote the integration of vegetable seed companies.
Company introduction and the accumulation of a large number of germplasm resources at home and abroad, the operation mode of modern seed enterprises, R & D, mainly engaged in high-grade tomato seed introduction, testing, promotion, sales, at the same time the company from Australia, Holland, Israel, the United States, Japan and other foreign institutions to introduce a large number of excellent breeding tomato varieties, testing, screening, and according to the different climate and cultivation conditions, promotion of choice. After the outbreak of tomato TY virus, the company launched a series of anti-virus varieties, well received by growers.
The company has always been the spirit of "service first, customer first" principle, and adhere to the "professional, innovation, integrity, win-win" business philosophy, and colleagues, work together, common development, service in the vegetable industry. For the new and old customers to provide professional, first-class service, customer cultivation, management in place, to provide first-class management, cultivation techniques, so that customers do not worry.
The company has a factory seedling base, perennial high-quality book all kinds of vegetable seedlings, are exported to all over the country.
Main products: domestic and international famous, Hitt tomato varieties of nearly 200
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agronomy
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https://environmentnetworkstore.ca/products/red-hive-bee-pollen
| 2021-02-25T02:01:22 |
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-10/segments/1614178350706.6/warc/CC-MAIN-20210225012257-20210225042257-00450.warc.gz
| 0.949162 | 242 |
CC-MAIN-2021-10
|
webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2021-10__0__48637241
|
en
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Pollen is the male seed of flowers. It is required for the fertilization of the plant. The tiny particles consist of 50/1,000-millimeter corpuscles, formed at the free end of the stamen in the heart of the blossom. Every variety of flower in the universe puts forth a dusting of pollen. Many orchard fruits and agricultural food crops do, too.
Bee pollen is the food of the young bee and it is approximately 40% protein. It is considered one of nature's most completely nourishing foods. It contains nearly all nutrients required by humans. About half of its protein is in the form of free amino acids that are ready to be used directly by the body. Such highly assimilable protein can contribute significantly to one's protein needs.
The Benefits of Bee Pollen
Bee pollen contains all the essential components of life. The percentage of rejuvenating elements in bee pollen remarkably exceeds those present in brewer's yeast and wheat germ. Bee pollen corrects the deficient or unbalanced nutrition, common in the customs of our present-day civilization of consuming incomplete foods, often with added chemical ingredients, which expose us to physiological problems as various as they are numerous.
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agronomy
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https://www.tdrl.net/increase-more-in-less-space-by-using-a-lightweight-greenhouse-for-sale/
| 2023-09-28T05:19:13 |
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233510358.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20230928031105-20230928061105-00731.warc.gz
| 0.953855 | 405 |
CC-MAIN-2023-40
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webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-40__0__34974948
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en
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Will you really like garden but don’t have plenty of area to get it done in your back garden? Or maybe you wish to start garden earlier around or later to the drop, although the weather conditions isn’t cooperating. A greenhouse might be the perfect option to suit your needs! In this particular blog post, we will talk about some tips and tricks for constructing your very own greenhouse.
Idea Top: Plan In Advance
Before starting creating your greenhouse, it is important to take time to plan ahead. You have got to choose the size of the greenhouse, and also the spot. Additionally it is crucial that you take into account what type of vegetation you would like to develop, simply because this will affect the kind of greenhouse you develop.
Tip #2: Select The Right Place
The area of your respective greenhouse is important for a couple of motives. First, you need to make sure that this place becomes enough sunshine. When the spot is way too dishonest, your vegetation is not going to develop well. Second, you have to be sure the area is stage. A levels surface area will make it easier to develop your greenhouse and keep it levels after it really is built.
Hint #3: Select The Right Materials
If you are choosing the materials to your greenhouse, you should pick materials that may endure the weather conditions problems in your town.
Tip #4: Create A Greenhouse
While you are building your greenhouse, it is very important develop a greenhouse that fits your needs. You should consider how big the greenhouse, and also the form of plant life you want to increase. If you would like increase huge vegetation, you might need a larger sized greenhouse. If you wish to increase fragile plants, you will need a more compact greenhouse.
When you are constructing your own personal greenhouse, you should take time to make plans and choose the best supplies. If you do this, your greenhouse will be sturdy and definately will last for several years.
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agronomy
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https://www.letsgo2morocco.com/1-day-trek-imi-oughlad-tinzert-asni
| 2021-06-14T14:17:59 |
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-25/segments/1623487612537.23/warc/CC-MAIN-20210614135913-20210614165913-00358.warc.gz
| 0.945113 | 458 |
CC-MAIN-2021-25
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webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2021-25__0__214015721
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en
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You can start in Marrakech and enjoy the early morning drive or stay locally and start fresh for your hike.
The trek starts from the village of Imi Oughlad in Imlil Valley and you ascend through the village to Tagadirt n´Ait Ali village.
Here you see the lifestyle of these mountain people and how they use the land around them to grow fruit trees and crops.
The hike continues to ascend to reach the pass and then descends to the hidden village of Tinzert where you see a typical unspoilt adobe village stacked up along the mountainside with steep terraced sides.
Lunch will be in the vicinity of the village before taking the high trail up out of the village with superb views.
The trail crosses woodlands and plateaus to bring you down to Asni market town.
This is a peaceful trek with full immersion in nature, green woodlands and the sound of birds; a great way to de-stress and enjoy the local lifestyle.
1 Day Hike from Imi Oughlad - Tagadirt nÄit Ali - Tinzert - Asni
You can start from Marrakech with an early morning drive up to the village of Imi Oughlad, or Asni if you are doing it in reverse.
The hike takes you through the villages of Imi Oughlad and Tagadirt nÄit Ali where you can see how these mountain people live and take care of their crops and animals. Fruit trees fill the terraced fields with fodder for animals growing between them, vegetables are also be grown. Leaving these two villages you leave the Imlil Valley below and ascend through woodlands of juniper, wild oaks and wild herbs. From the top, you descend to the small valley where you find the hidden village of Tinzert amongst terraced fields of wheat. Goats graze on shrubbery and children can be heard playing. This is a beautiful unspoilt region with adobe houses clinging to the mountainsides. After a lunch break, which may be either a picnic or perhaps in a local house, you ascend out of the village and cross plateaus and woodlands to emerge in Asni Valley.
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agronomy
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https://anticoborgo.terretruria.it/en/
| 2023-09-28T13:49:38 |
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233510412.43/warc/CC-MAIN-20230928130936-20230928160936-00224.warc.gz
| 0.954327 | 509 |
CC-MAIN-2023-40
|
webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-40__0__228146614
|
en
|
Terre Etruria, Farming Cooperative between producers, extends along the Etruscan Coast, starting from Pisa until to Grosseto. It pays particular attention to the production of Extra Virgin Olive Oil, where tradition meets innovation to offer a genuine, authentic and certified Toscano PGI oil, appreciates on the typical tuscan dishes.
This oil on each bite tells the story of those who have worked with passion and pride to product it and, at the same time, it lets taste the image of the land where it was born and matured. The olives of Terre Etruria derived only from the land of the cooperative producers and the cold pressing takes place in mills business.
The result is an Extra Virgin Olive Oil that ensures Quality and Personality, Passion and Commitment, needed to reach the certification and the guarantee by the Consortium for the Protection of extra virgin olive oil PGI. This authority, in more than 15 years of activity, with more than 11,000 members, was able to protect and promote the Tuscan extra virgin olive oil in Italy and abroad, certifying compliance with the product specification on all stages of processing extra virgin olive oil PGI, from harvesting and milling of olives and packaging of the product, which must necessarily take place within Tuscany.
This oil is also subject, in order to be certified, to chemical and sensory tests (taste by commissions paid by the Ministry of Agriculture) to check its compliance with the specification. That's how you get an excellence that was born and raised in Tuscany, an Extra Virgin Olive Oil PGI guaranteed by consortium.
Antico Borgo is a brand of Terre dell'Etruria, a product range that revolves around Tuscany, the places and the men it stands for.
We make our Tuscan extra-virgin olive oil from olives picked and ground in Tuscany, through a careful selection of the best oils brought by the coop members, based on the results of the best oils brought by the coop members, based on the results of the chemical and organoleptic tests the oil undergoes once the olives have been ground.
Additional documental and organoleptic tests are conducted on the product by Consorzio per la tutela dell'Olio Extravergine di oliva Toscano IGP, (protection geographical indication consortium) as a further guarantee of the origin of the oil and its compliance with production specifications.
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agronomy
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https://jeanne-gallagher-iq6g.squarespace.com/long-beach-organic-and-bayk-shore-home-garden/
| 2019-03-22T19:03:18 |
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-13/segments/1552912202688.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20190322180106-20190322202106-00263.warc.gz
| 0.948705 | 220 |
CC-MAIN-2019-13
|
webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2019-13__0__90628232
|
en
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"I believe one of the ways to save the sea is to manage the land organically"
I began growing organic produce at my home farm in Belmont Shore, California, in 1974. Since that time, I have shared my knowledge and success with many other urban farmers. Twenty years later, I founded Long Beach Organic (LBO), to make organic produce available throughout the City by turning vacant lots into organic community gardens. I currently sell county-inspected organic produce from my home garden to the surrounding neighborhood. The garden also serves as the major provision source for my expeditions.
Other than my passion for, and dedication to, the sea, turning vacant lots into community gardens is my dream
April 30, 2018. At home from the Shanghai Symposium in time to harvest Coriander Seed and plant Cilantro.
It's wonderful to be back with my hands in the soil and to enjoy making things grow and to share the fruits of the soil with the neighborhood and friends.
2017. Bounties from the soil all year round. Christmas baskets for friends and neighbors.
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agronomy
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https://wormcomposting.weebly.com/index.html
| 2019-04-24T02:38:40 |
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-18/segments/1555578624217.55/warc/CC-MAIN-20190424014705-20190424040705-00545.warc.gz
| 0.96249 | 701 |
CC-MAIN-2019-18
|
webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2019-18__0__123078602
|
en
|
Worm Composting and it’s Immediate Needs
This, just like any other process requires certain things. Number one of course is the composting worm. Without this, then you can never even begin with step one. So how do we choose the best worm for our compost?
First, forget about the earthworms in your garden. You may think that they will do but the truth is, they won’t be of great help. We recommend Eisenia fetida or commonly known as Red Wiggler worms.
You would also need of course a shelter for these worms which we will call the worm bin and for a better home, you have to give them moist bedding. We will discuss the following as we move along.
Preparing the Bedding
Well, you do not want to just place your worms inside the bin without proper bedding, do you? It is important that before you even transfer the Red worms, everything is perfectly fine. To begin with, look for materials such as frazzled newspapers, moistened stripped cardboards and leaves that are not fully decomposed. With all those, be reminded to keep the bedding moist. Never leave it dry or too wet because it may endanger your worms. Also, know that you should have different kinds of beddings for your bin because it will make your red worms more comfortable. Remember to change the bedding regularly. Never ever crowd the bin with too much beddings; it will make your worms irritable.
Having the Right Food for Worm Composting
Use this as a guide in feeding your worms. Research shows that red wiggler composting worms do eat as much as their body weight. So from that, measure the organic wastes that you are to give them everyday. Never over feed them. Giving them too much food scraps may eventually lead to their death. They can adjust to small amount of foods sometimes but giving them too much is not a good idea.
Also, know what to feed and not to feed them. Know-how with regards to this matter is very vital. First take note of the things that are not good for them. This includes vegetables and fruits that were sprayed with insecticide or pesticide. Second, please spare your worms from plastics, meat and meat bones. Never attempt to try feeding them with dairy products or anything that may also cause insects to attack the bin.
Put these things in your list though. Speed up the process of worm composting by chopping or cutting into strips your kitchen scraps like vegetables and fruit peelings. If these are no longer available, you can resort to grass clippings rather than throwing them in the garbage. Tea bags and corn husks will also do.
Successful Worm Composting with the Perfect Temperature
To make the know-how procedure perfect, learn the right temperature for your worm bin. Don’t expose them with too much sunlight or with too much rain. Keep it at 40-90 degrees to ensure proper ventilation. You may have the worm composting process inside or outside your house. What matters is you know how to manage. If indoor, all you need to do is keep the bin in your garage, kitchen or your basement.
So there we go! You are now prepared to have your vermicomposting at home. You may buy red worms to start with this. Enjoy and be productive with your worm composting trip!
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agronomy
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https://how-what-do.com/13161519-how-to-store-potatoes-9-steps-with-images
| 2022-11-29T12:26:26 |
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-49/segments/1669446710691.77/warc/CC-MAIN-20221129100233-20221129130233-00249.warc.gz
| 0.940041 | 1,120 |
CC-MAIN-2022-49
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Compared to other vegetables, potatoes are easy to store. With the right techniques, they can last a few months without any problems. Below, you will find many tips on how to make the most of the potatoes you have at home, whether they come from the supermarket or from your own backyard. Come on?
Method 1 of 2: Storing Potatoes
Step 1. Sort the potatoes
When you arrive from the market or garden, take a moment to organize everything. See if there are any with cut bark, bruises or visible damage, as they should not be stored long term because of the accelerated rotting process. In this case, you have a few options:
- Use the damaged parts within a maximum of two days, cutting the damaged parts first.
- Cure the potatoes to reverse damage and extend their shelf life.
- Discard very bruised or rotten potatoes.
Step 2. Store healthy potatoes in a dark, dry environment
After separating the pieces, store the whole ones in a place away from light and moisture, as these things can end up promoting rot. The pantry and kitchen cabinets are good places to store potatoes.
- It's also good to take care of the ventilation. Potatoes are usually sold in mesh bags that allow breathing, which is ideal. Do not transfer them to sealed jars or bags.
- If you pick the potatoes yourself, arrange them in layers in well-ventilated baskets or boxes. Place sheets of newspaper between the layers, covering the last one with another sheet.
Step 3. Keep temperatures low
Potatoes tend to last longer when kept in environments below 10 °C - although it is ideal to keep them between 2 °C and 4 °C, this is not always possible. A cool, dark pantry is often a great option.
The fridge is too cold for the potatoes and can spoil their taste. Check out the steps below for more information
Step 4. Check potatoes periodically for signs of damage
If you follow the steps above, you will probably have fresh potatoes for a while. After a few weeks, check the inventory and see if you find any signs of a problem, as one rotten unit can end up contaminating the others and it's best to dispose of it as soon as possible. Some "symptoms" to look for:
- greenish spots. Over time, the potatoes begin to soften and turn greenish due to exposure to light. If the problem is mild, just cut off the stained parts before cooking.
- sprout formation. If your potatoes start to show sprouts accompanied by green spots and softening, cut them right before cooking. If the plant is too soft or green, throw it away.
- decay. If the potato looks visibly rotten, has a bad smell, has a soft texture or musty, it is best to throw it away and replace the paper from the storage location.
Step 5. Cure the potatoes to store them longer
The procedure is a good option for those who would like to have potatoes that last longer or who would like to "recover" plants vulnerable to decay, as the cure ends up closing small cuts and superficial "bruises" in the potatoes. For such:
- Place the potatoes on a few sheets of newspaper in a cool, dark environment.
- Raise the room temperature to about 10°C to 15°C.
- Let the potatoes rest for two weeks. Thus, the husks will be thicker and drier. Now, remove surface dirt and follow previous storage instructions, lowering the room temperature again.
Method 2 of 2: Avoiding Common Mistakes
Step 1. Do not wash potatoes before putting them away
As much as cleaning gives the impression that the potato will be less vulnerable to rot, in fact, the effect is the opposite. Exposing plants to moisture reduces their lifespan and increases the likelihood of premature rot. Keep potatoes dry whenever possible.
If you've bought dirt-soaked potatoes, let them dry naturally and clean them with a blunt brush to remove the most visible dirt. Wash them only when cooking
Step 2. Do not store in refrigerator
The refrigerator is too cold to store potatoes well, as low temperatures will cause starches to convert to sugars, affecting the color and taste of food.
If you have stored them in the refrigerator, allow them to gradually return to room temperature before cooking them. Thus, you reduce the sweet effects, but be aware that the results will not be perfect
Step 3. Do not store potatoes open
After cutting a potato, cook it as soon as possible, as the inside does not hold very well. If it is not possible to cook everything immediately, store what is left submerged in cold water for a day. After that time, it's better to throw it away.
Step 4. Do not store potatoes near fruit
Fruits like apples, bananas and pears release a substance called ethylene, which speeds up the ripening process - you've probably noticed that fruits ripen faster when stored next to each other, right? Ethylene can cause potatoes to sprout earlier, so separate them from the fruit.
- If you plant potatoes and have leftovers during the spring, use them for next year's crop. For more information click here.
- If your potatoes are sweet, move them to a warmer but still dark and dry corner for a week. Thus, sugars will turn back into starches, reducing the sweet taste.
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agronomy
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https://pearlehospitality.ca/news/54-joel-labute-bringing-connection-based-cuisine-to-cambridge-mill
| 2019-09-18T16:10:09 |
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| 0.978369 | 576 |
CC-MAIN-2019-39
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|
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|
Cambridge Mill is thrilled to announce the appointment of Joel LaBute to the role of Executive Chef. In addition to bringing with him a fresh culinary perspective, Joel is deeply committed to using sustainable, organic and ethical food sources – so much so that he and his wife run their very own farm.
Born in Windsor, ON, Joel was unaware that acquiring part-time job in the industry would blossom into a full-fledged passion. “I knew I wanted to be doing something with my hands where I could be creative, where I could feel proud at the end of the day,” LaBute recalls. He spent the next 15 years honing his craft in some of the province’s best kitchens, soaking up all he could under the tutelage of such renowned Chefs as Stephen Treadwell and Keith Frogget. “I paid attention as much as possible. The more you focus and observe, the more you learn.” From Queens Landing Inn and Scaramouche to Langdon Hall and Pangaea, Joel dedicated himself to developing his techniques and educating himself on good ingredients.
Organically raised, locally sourced and ethically handled food became so important to Joel that he built a network with resident farmers and crafted his menus based on their harvests. Not only is local produce fresh and delicious, he maintains, but it supports the growth and wellness of a community. Farm fresh became even more literal when he and his wife started their very own farm as a side project. “We wanted to raise our three kids on a farm to ensure they had a great understanding of where food comes from and how it gets to our plate.” Together they farm organically on 9 acres of land in the Niagara region, which he says gives them, “the ultimate connection to food that makes us feel whole in our lives. Living on the farm means constant inspiration.”
Providing both nourishment and incredible dining experiences are the pillars on which Joel builds his menus. Referring to his culinary style as “connection-based cuisine,” Joel wants his food to reflect the journey from farmer to chef to guest. Cambridge Mill guests can expect a clean, refined approach to rustic farm-to-table cuisine. “Simple flavours prepared with care and technique will allow ingredients to steal the show,” he says.
LaBute says the most exciting part of this new chapter is being a part of the Pearle Hospitality family. “I’ve been watching this company grow and expand of the years with the core values I believe in. It’s great to coming on board with a company that truly cares.”
Chef Joel Labute's new Autumn menu is now available. Check out the menus on Cambridge Mill's website here.
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agronomy
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http://www.calciumrichfoods.org/calcium-rich-vegetables/
| 2016-02-12T12:12:13 |
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-07/segments/1454701163729.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20160205193923-00152-ip-10-236-182-209.ec2.internal.warc.gz
| 0.93222 | 190 |
CC-MAIN-2016-07
|
webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2016-07__0__144366675
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en
|
Vegetables in general do not tend to be rich in iron, however some garden greens are calcium-rich. Grape leaves and lambs quarters top the list, though grape leaves are used more as a condiment and lambs quarters is not commercially available, though can be foraged in many areas in the wild. Collards, spinach, and kale are widely available greens that are high in calcium.
However, keep in mind that with all of these calcium-rich greens, your best strategy is to prepare them to reduce the calcium inhibitors, notably oxalic acid. Boiling them and discarding the boiling water is your best bet. You will discard some other nutrients in the boiling water, but you will absorb more calcium in your greens. Check out our article on reducing oxalic acid in your food.
Calcium in Common Vegetables
For information on the calcium content of common vegetables, explore these pages on our website:
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agronomy
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http://axhomeworkpkzz.hyve.me/seed-germination-lab-report.html
| 2018-09-25T21:22:36 |
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| 0.896888 | 511 |
CC-MAIN-2018-39
|
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Seed germination lab report
Bio lab report germination - download as word doc (doc), pdf file (pdf), text file (txt) or read online. View lab report - lab report germination pg 5 from science 101 at millbrook high school analysis: 1 yes, there is a relationship between the number of seeds. Seed germination lab report outline due: friday, sep 28 question: what question will your experiment answer research: three reliable sources with authors. View notes - abstract and intro of seed germination lab report from biol 2107 at georgia state abstract in this lab, an experiment was designed to test whether the. Extracts from this document introduction biology lab report seed germination by: john abarshi (figure one: cress seed germination) introduction this term, we.
Biology germination experiment introduction: germination is the resumption of growth of the embryo plant inside the seed requirements for germination:. Question/purpose: the question or purpose of our lab is to answer the question “how is the germination of a seed affected by sunlight” experimental hypothesis. Germination lab report- laura the purpose of this lab experiment is to compare the amount of time taken to germinate seeds with water and seeds with coffee two. 1 problem: what is the effect of acid on the seed germination of green bean seeds 2 research: this section should be a minimum of two paragraphs and include.
Seed germination lab report look greener than the plant emerges from the first step for naturally simple harmonic motion lab report national seed germinator. Daily procedures 1 get petri dish 2 take picture of seeds 3 write down on data table about growth observations 4 use dropper to add water to seeds. Abiotic factors that you send grass seed germination and experiments compose a seed germination manager of agriculture's plant propagation efforts challenging by.
- Seed germination procedure worksheet lab report guidelines worksheet after the seeds germinate, growth will be determined by measuring the height of the.
- Biology lab report seed germination (figure one: cress seed germination) introduction this term, we embarked upon our first biology experiment.
Students set up the experiment and submit a lab report the process by which an organism grows from a seed into a plant is called germination the seed of a. Seed germination lab report - experienced writers working in the service will do your assignment within the deadline 100% non-plagiarism guarantee of custom essays.
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agronomy
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https://www.naturalbulbs.co.uk/collections-springflowering/444-bee-buffet-sunbath-bio.html
| 2020-02-23T05:09:08 |
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-10/segments/1581875145746.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20200223032129-20200223062129-00268.warc.gz
| 0.775202 | 166 |
CC-MAIN-2020-10
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|
en
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Bee Buffet Sunbath - ORG
Bees enjoy the sun and this mix of organic bulbs will bring the sun to your garden. They are great for naturalising.
Muscari armeniacum (20)
Tulipa linifolia (10)
Tulipa bakeri ‘Lilac Wonder’ (10)
Allium sphaerocephalon (20)
1 bag contains 60 organic bulbs
End of season, new harvest available for ordering from March 2020 and delivery from Mid Sept 2020.
Happiness guaranteed. Shipping £ 5.90 free on orders from £ 39
- Flowering period
- Middle-Late Spring
- Planting period
- ORGANIC NL-BIO-01
- Preferred location
- Sun or partial shade
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agronomy
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https://www.findingpheno.eu/post/stakeholder-synergy-meeting
| 2023-12-06T03:54:05 |
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100583.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20231206031946-20231206061946-00516.warc.gz
| 0.956465 | 1,328 |
CC-MAIN-2023-50
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en
|
Our first external event!
Preparations are in full swing here at FindingPheno for our first external meeting to be held next week. This is our first real opportunity as a consortium to start connecting with other EU projects, academics or companies working in the intersection of big data and microbiome research. We see this as an important chance to help facilitate knowledge sharing across the research community, bringing new ideas to FindingPheno in the process, and also as an opportunity for all attendees, not just FindingPheno, to build relationships and maybe even new collaborations.
Planning this event has been a huge amount of fun for me because I was able to take the time to learn about all the really cool research going on, then actually reach out to all kinds of interesting people and ask them to come meet with us. Our aim was to get a bunch of relevant people in the same room for a day of presentations, discussions and brainstorming to see how our ideas and technologies can work together to make a difference in the world.
And I think it worked! We have a really great list of attendees, with 53 people representing 16 publicly funded projects and 11 companies coming from 11 countries across Europe. In particular, we have eight speakers coming to talk about challenges and opportunities in their projects and subject areas. I am genuinely really excited about them all so the aim of this post is to share with you why I am looking forward to each one.
Integration and application of multi-omics data
HoloFood: Often called our “sister project”, HoloFood is also coordinated out of the UCPH Center for Evolutionary Hologenomics and has been running since 2019. They focus on measuring molecular interactions across the full holobiont (host animal and its associated microbiota) after dietary interventions in chickens or salmon in order to develop better animal feed products. They are starting to really generate results by now so it will be great to get an update of where they are and what they are finding, giving a strong case study of how hologenomics can be used to make food production more efficient and sustainable,
ELIXIR: The leading EU-wide infrastructure for big data analysis, ELIXIR provides services, computational platforms, research projects and subject-specific communities aimed at making the most of the bioinformatics data being generated in the EU. ELIXIR Food and Nutrition has been grappling with problems of how to manage, store, integrate and analyse all different types of data, both from omics studies and also physiological and even behavioural data, in order to improve food availability and nutrition. I am looking forward to hearing how they are approaching this problem as FindingPheno has a scaled down version of the same thing.
PROMICON: This H2020 RIA has just started and is super interesting to us as they are using some of the same technologies as FindingPheno such as machine learning, systems biology, and bacterial ecology to study microbial communities, but focussed on the totally different problem of how to optimise biotechnology applications such as large-scale fermentation. I am really interested to hear their take on how these technologies can be applied in their field, both because it’s really cool and also to maybe spark ideas of new ways of looking at the problems we are interested in too.
Better and more sustainable agriculture
ECOSTACK: What drew me to this H2020 RIA is the way they focus on multiple levels, from developing and optimising new technologies or methods for use on the farm, to considering biodiversity and the ecosystem around the farm, through to even figuring out the best way to support farmers in actually applying their findings. ECOSTACK includes a work package looking at microbiome-based products to enhance plant protection and I look forward to hearing about their views on how the microbiome can be used in agriculture given their deep understanding of the entire food production value chain.
EXCALIBUR: This H2020 RIA focusses specifically on the interactions between the soil microbiome and plants for improved crop production. They are currently running field trials with strawberries, apples and tomatoes to test microbiome-based biofertilisers, and have been posting so many fun photos on twitter from their field studies and sample preparation. I think that soil has so much potential for not just improving crop production but also for trapping excess carbon and protecting the environment, so am keen to hear more about how EXCALIBUR is going and what they see as the main areas of impact for this type of technology.
ROOTPHENOBIOME: This Marie Skłodowska-Curie Fellowship project aims to understand how the maize root microbiome can affect, and be affected by, the plant genome and environmental conditions. The microbal community associated with roots differs from just the overall plant or soil in general and can have a strong influence on overall plant health or crop yeild. This link between microbiome/host metabolism and overall phenotype is the main purpose of FindingPheno as well, although we are taking different methodological approaches, so we see strong synergies between our projects and are looking forward to hearing more about ROOTPHENOBIOME.
Industrial application of microbiome research
Cargill Animal Nutrition: Cargill is a large multi-national company working in the areas of food production and nutrition and their Animal Nutrition department develops and sells innovative animal feeds or feed additives. Their research includes understanding interactions between microbiota and gut health of food production species, and I am really interested to hear how this knowledge can be used in a real world setting – getting us out of the academic bubble.
Novozymes Human Health: Novozymes are the world leaders in biotech-produced enzymes, holding around 50% of the market, and with a strong history of innovation and new product development in this area. Their talk will focus on the use of microbes and the microbiome in human health applications, looking at unmet needs in this industry and where we could go in the future. While FindingPheno does not include any human health applications it is the obvious next step for our technology, so I am looking forward to hearing a commercial perspective of this area from such a successful company.
So there you have it, the exciting speaker list we have managed to assemble for our first event and, incidentally, the reason why the blog has been so quiet recently while we work on this. I am sure that many new posts will be stimulated by these discussions so there will be more to come!
Written by Shelley Edmunds
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agronomy
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https://buckhorn.org/cornerstone-draft/
| 2023-09-24T18:10:07 |
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233506658.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20230924155422-20230924185422-00222.warc.gz
| 0.970855 | 201 |
CC-MAIN-2023-40
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|
en
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BUCKHORN – Recently, female residents on the campus of Buckhorn Children’s Center have been reaping the rewards of their therapeutic gardens.
Each cottage on the Buckhorn campus has its own garden, and over the last several months, the girls have been maintaining and tending to these garden beds every day as part of recreational therapy. In the program, the girls learn how to grow their own produce and prepare it for meals, but more importantly, they are taught keys to a healthy lifestyle, stress management, and responsibility.
And now, they have been seeing results!
According to cottage staff, the girls picked the lettuce they had grown and turned it into a fresh salad for dinner.
“This speaks volumes for these kids,” staff said. “Away from Buckhorn, most of them would never get the chance to learn such a great life skill.”
For more information about BCFS’s Recreational Therapy Program, click here.
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agronomy
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https://www.toyota.co.nz/about-toyota/toyota-news/2021/june/small-business-driver-soter-rural-compliance/
| 2024-02-23T13:53:36 |
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474412.46/warc/CC-MAIN-20240223121413-20240223151413-00160.warc.gz
| 0.949923 | 490 |
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Select your preferred store for a more customised experience.
Soter Rural Compliance was a one-woman business operating out of Waipukurau, Hawke’s Bay, when selected for the Toyota Small Business Driver initiative. Managing Director Emma Buchanan spends her days working with farmers to help them understand the rural regulations in their region and balance sustainability efforts with running a profitable business. As a result of the help from Toyota and MediaWorks, Emma has been able to hire two local farmers to help part time to grow the business.
Soter Rural Compliance was created to provide a high quality, low-cost farm environmental planning service for farmers. Emma is regional council approved, qualified, and has delivered hundreds of workshops for industry organisations – she knows rural compliance rules like the back of her hand and is passionate about helping famers succeed.
At the same time, Emma recognises farmers need to understand how trees on-farm are key to improving New Zealand’s emission profile and a natural environment generating carbon income for the farm. An important element of her work is helping farmers improve their environmental and greenhouse gas performance whilst maintaining a profitable business.
The first lockdown in March 2020 was a crazy time for Emma as she balanced working from home, caring for her children, and home-schooling, all while helping farmers deal with the major stresses caused by the drought and deadlines for resource consents to farm.
Helping farmers in need is a huge part of Emma’s work, and she does a lot of pro-bono work in the farming community to offer support to struggling Kiwis. Whether it’s taking hay to a farm that is severely drought affected, babysitting horses, or finding holiday homes for clients’ cows and other animals, Emma is constantly out and about in the Hawke’s Bay farming community.
As a recipient of Toyota’s Small Business Driver initiative, Soter Rural Compliance has received a Toyota Highlander and Mediaworks advertising package to ensure Emma can continue to fulfil the needs of her rural community. As farming is an industry that is increasingly copping flack, Emma is passionate about helping farmers navigate the changing landscape.
For all your rural compliance needs or advice in the Hawke’s Bay, contact Emma at Soter Rural Compliance for a hassle-free, professional experience. Emma can be contacted through her website: www.soter.co.nz
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agronomy
|
http://alspolkadotsandpaisley.blogspot.ca/2012/05/eggshell-seedlings-and-happy-mothers.html
| 2017-04-24T15:08:16 |
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| 0.982843 | 472 |
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|
Being that it is Mother’s Day, I debated writing a post about my wonderful mama. Instead, I thought I’d post about one of our shared hobbies – gardening. In the past I have had a flower garden which is mostly perennials and a couple pots of annuals. This year I decided to add some vegetables to the mix. I wanted to start from seed (because I’m
cheap frugal) and had seen lots of eggshell planters floating around Pinterest so I decided to give them a try. I planted tomato, cucumber and green pepper, as well as some Morning Glory for a pot.
After eating nothing but eggs for two days I had a dozen shells. I filled them about 2/3s with soil, sprinkled some seeds, and then covered with more soil. In order to remember what I planted in each egg, I labeled them with a marker. I put them back in the carton, watered them, and placed them in the window.
By day 14, I had some plants thriving and others, well, I wouldn’t even call them plants. Two of my cucumber eggshells were growing like crazy and my Morning Glory were doing well. I wanted to get them into something bigger so I went and bought some bigger plantable pots, filled them with soil, and added the eggshells. I also planted some more tomato and pepper seeds in bigger pots because I was worried about my eggs.
By day 21 I had some tomatoes growing as well as one egg of peppers. Nothing from the second round of pots can be seen yet. I decided that my cucumber and Morning Glory were ready and moved them outside.
What I learned:
- It’s not fun to eat eggs for a whole weekend
- Not all seeds actually grow
- It doesn’t take long for some plants to outgrow their eggs
- Having to buy more seeds and pots meant this really wasn’t much cheaper.
Was it fun watching them grow? Yes. Was it successful? I don’t know yet. Will I do it again? Probably not. I think I’ll stick to buying plants.
Take A Look Tuesday @ Sugar Bee Crafts
Wow Me Wednesday @ Ginger Snap Crafts
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agronomy
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https://1053rnb.com/3045392/little-known-black-history-fact-matthew-and-althea-raiford/
| 2021-12-08T08:41:23 |
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-49/segments/1637964363465.47/warc/CC-MAIN-20211208083545-20211208113545-00114.warc.gz
| 0.972032 | 311 |
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|
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|
en
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Matthew and Althea Raiford, siblings in Brunswick, Georgia, are black farmers who care for the Gilliard Farm, a farm that’s been in their family for over 100 years. Spreading across 25 acres, the Raifords’ land has survived six generations and been free from pesticides and chemicals since 1876. The Gilliard Farm is the only organic farm within 100 miles of Brunswick.
The landowners, Matthew and Althea, are military veterans. Matthew was present when the Berlin wall came down and Althea was an MP at Guantanamo Bay. Althea holds two degrees in Forensic Psychology and Matthew is an executive chef. The Gilliard Farm is only one of two black-owned organic farms listed in the Georgia Centennial Family Farm register.
In the 1920’s, the number of black farmers was at 14.3 percent, which was significantly higher than it is today at 1.4 percent. The major decrease has been due to several factors: the processing of cotton changing to more mechanical methods, farm programs that were said to favor white landowners and the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s policies that worked against black farmers in the1980’s. Today, black farmers are also grossly underrepresented in organic farming. An organization called the Southeastern African-American Farmers Organic Network was formed to create more opportunities, education and resources for black farmers.
Little Known Black History Fact: Matthew and Althea Raiford was originally published on blackamericaweb.com
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agronomy
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https://friendsforsyria.com/2020/06/02/9000-dunums-of-jordan-valley-agricultural-land-burnt-in-israeli-military-training/
| 2021-02-25T01:38:29 |
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-10/segments/1614178350706.6/warc/CC-MAIN-20210225012257-20210225042257-00478.warc.gz
| 0.9561 | 182 |
CC-MAIN-2021-10
|
webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2021-10__0__32344457
|
en
|
Ramallah (QNN)- Israeli military training on Tuesday caused a wide area of agricultural and pastoral land in the Jordan Valley to burn.
Local sources said Israeli military training caused fire to engulf 9000 dunumns of agricultural land, cultivated for wheat and barley, as well as pastoral land.
The Israeli use of live ammunition caused fire to burn nearly 180 dunums of agricultural land and 8200 dunums of pastoral land.
The Jordan Valley has been targeted by the Israelis, displacing hundreds of its native population, in order to grab as much land as possible to annex the area.
Experts estimated the lands that will be affected by the Israeli annexation plan at 51,000 dunums of agricultural land in addition to 46,000 dunums of the borders with Jordan, and 400 dunums of the valley’s land that was grabbed and has been used by the Israelis as a military training zone.
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agronomy
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https://about.sprouts.com/sprouts-foundation/melissas-world-variety-produce/
| 2023-03-25T05:39:11 |
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-14/segments/1679296945315.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20230325033306-20230325063306-00671.warc.gz
| 0.932576 | 347 |
CC-MAIN-2023-14
|
webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-14__0__22298019
|
en
|
Foundation Donor/Partner Since 2015
Melissa’s World Variety Produce is the largest distributor of specialty produce in the United States. From amber jewel plums to zebra tomatoes, Melissa’s offers fresh fruits and vegetables from around the globe. Annually, the company donates to nonprofits and local food banks, distributing food to those in need and helping to create positive attitudes towards healthy living. Melissa’s has also supported numerous schools by donating fresh produce, building school gardens, and teaching kids how to identify and prepare fresh fruits and vegetables. By providing education and access to nutritious foods, Melissa’s seeks to make a positive impact on the health of kids across our country.
In the fall of 2018, the Sprouts Healthy Communities Foundation and Melissa’s Produce teamed up to host a “Freaky Fruits” fruit decorating station at the Desert Botanical Garden’s annual Strange Gardens event. The purpose of the event activity was to get kids excited about fresh fruits as an healthy alternative to Halloween candy. Over 1,200 children and their families participated in the two-day event, and decorating “freaky fruits” was a hit with parents and children alike! The Freaky Fruits decorating and sampling stations included rambutans and kiwano horned melons, as well as the more familiar apples and bananas.
Freaky Fruits can be a fun and engaging way to elicit curiosity in children year-round — visit Melissa’s list of exotic fruits and recipes for family-friendly ideas!
Kids showing off their creativity, making silver-legged rambutan spiders and ghoulish green apple zombies.
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agronomy
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https://shadowgirlcoffee.com/products/colombia
| 2021-05-08T02:14:13 |
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-21/segments/1620243988831.77/warc/CC-MAIN-20210508001259-20210508031259-00003.warc.gz
| 0.814118 | 136 |
CC-MAIN-2021-21
|
webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2021-21__0__196727722
|
en
|
Raktajino (Klingonese) - a popular hot or iced coffee, a favorite of Jadzia Dax and Julian Bashir. We're almost certain it was originated with these fine bean blends.
Tasting Profile: Dried orange, berry, chocolate
Grower: Smallholder farmers from Medellin
Variety: Castillo, Caturra, Colombia, & Typica
Region: Medellin, Antioquia, Colombia
Altitude: 1300-1500 M
Soil Type: Volcanic Loam
Process: Fully washed and dried in solar dryers to protect the coffee from rain.
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agronomy
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http://metrogatesanjose.com/business/chemical-vs-organic-deciphering-pest-control-methods-for-pubs-and-clubs/
| 2024-04-17T15:58:52 |
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296817158.8/warc/CC-MAIN-20240417142102-20240417172102-00114.warc.gz
| 0.910568 | 457 |
CC-MAIN-2024-18
|
webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__80616455
|
en
|
Pest control is an essential aspect of agriculture and maintaining a healthy living environment. Chemical and organic pest control methods are two distinct approaches with varying principles and outcomes. Safe Pest Control prioritizes environmentally friendly methods, ensuring effective pest management without compromising the safety of inhabitants.Understanding the key differences between these methods is crucial for making informed decisions in pest management.
Substance Vermin Control:
Compound vermin control depends on manufactured pesticides and bug sprays to annihilate or control bothers. These substances are much of the time intense and effective, giving fast outcomes. The synthetic substances target bothers straightforwardly, upsetting their physiological cycles and prompting their disposal. Be that as it may, the utilization of synthetic pesticides raises worries about ecological effect, including expected mischief to non-target organic entities, soil wellbeing, and water quality.
Natural Irritation Control:
Natural vermin control, then again, utilizes normal and reasonable techniques to oversee bother populaces. This approach stresses the utilization of organic controls, like hunters, parasites, and microorganisms, to keep an equilibrium in the environment. Moreover, natural strategies frequently include the utilization of organic concentrates, neem oil, and other normal substances that are less hurtful to the climate, people, and useful bugs.
One of the essential differentiations among substance and natural vermin control strategies lies in their ecological effect. Synthetic pesticides can meaningfully affect environments, prompting issues like pesticide opposition and hurting non-target life forms. Natural techniques, being more supportable, mean to limit these unfortunate results by working with nature instead of against it.
Buildup and Human Wellbeing:
Compound vermin control might leave buildups on crops, presenting likely dangers to human wellbeing. Conversely, natural strategies focus on the utilization of substances with lower poisonousness, lessening the probability of hurtful buildups on food. This goes with natural nuisance control a good decision for those worried about the wellbeing of their produce.
Picking either compound and natural vermin control strategies includes gauging the quick adequacy of synthetic arrangements against the drawn out manageability and ecological effect of natural techniques. With Safe Pest Control, you can trust in safe, reliable solutions to rid your space of unwanted pests effectively.
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agronomy
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http://eapd.btck.co.uk/
| 2016-02-12T05:32:06 |
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-07/segments/1454701163438.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20160205193923-00012-ip-10-236-182-209.ec2.internal.warc.gz
| 0.930619 | 330 |
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|
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|
en
|
EAST ANGLIA POTATO DAY
Potatoes expected for 2016
Potato Day 2016
Potatoes ordered in recent years
Blight has changed
Potato Day Poem
Just days to go and we will be in the thick of East Anglia's 21st Potato Day (February 13th 2016).
We expect approximately 90 varieties to be available at this event.
So you can expect things to be much the same as you are used to ... side stalls offering tools, seeds, information, chip tasting, and so on. And we are offering insect-excluding mesh, to keep your carrots free of fly, at a competitive price. Oh, nearly forgot, also deep root trainers for getting your plants well under way before planting out.
Here's wishing for a really fine day. Look forward to seeing you again ... if it will be your first visit, we will make you equally welcome.
The East Anglia Potato Day
is an annual event that has
been running since 1996.
It is organised and run
entirely by volunteers from
three organic gardening groups:
Norfolk Organic Group
Suffolk Organic Gardeners
Ipswich Organic Gardeners Group.
We try to make available up to
100 varieties of seed potatoes,
which are sold as individual
tubers, so that you can buy as
many or as few as you require.
We also aim to offer as many
organic varieties as possible,
usually about 25%.
**** The next East Anglia Potato Day is Saturday, 13th February 2016 ****
Community Web Kit provided free by BT
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agronomy
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http://cropcareassociates.com/our-people-SaraSavary.html
| 2017-02-23T20:41:14 |
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-09/segments/1487501171232.43/warc/CC-MAIN-20170219104611-00436-ip-10-171-10-108.ec2.internal.warc.gz
| 0.91864 | 405 |
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|
webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2017-09__0__58895608
|
en
|
- Tom Prentice, Founder / Chairman
- Bob Gallagher, President
- Sara Savary, Vice President
- Mark Merzoian, Field Representative
- Gabriel Macias, Field Representative
- Jesus Romero, Field Representative
- John McLaughlin, GIS / Soil Specialist
- Leonard Sergi, Soil Scientist
Sara Savary, Vice President
Sara Savary fills several different roles at Crop Care Associates, Inc., consulting in the fields of pest, irrigation and fertility management while running the company's Human Resources function as Vice President. Sara has been with Crop Care Assoicates, Inc. since 1987, and has advanced through the ranks of field and regional management positions consulting throughout California.
Sara is a licensed Pest Control Advisor and her crop expertise in cotton, tomatoes, melons, beans, alfalfa, tree fruit, table and wine grapes, almonds and walnuts has sent her on assignments in Fresno, Madera, Merced, San Joaquin, Yolo, Sacramento, Amador, and El Dorado counties. As a Human Resources professional, she is also well versed in legal requirements, government regulations, compliance, training, performance assessment and current health and safety issues. Sara is also a member of the Crop Care Assoicates, Inc. Executive Committee, helping to develop and review the company's strategic plan.
Serving on the Board of Directors for two professional organizations: California Agriculture Production Consultants Association and California Women for Agriculture, Sara brings her knowledge of agriculture and management to both groups. Sara is also a member of American AgriWomen, where she completed the Leadership Academy, and is one of the founding members of an online farmwomen's support group, Ag-Sisters.
Sara completed her undergraduate work at Cal Poly Pomona with a Bachelor of Science degree in Zoology, and holds a Master's of Science degree in Agriculture from Cal Poly San Luis Obispo with a specialization in International Development.
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agronomy
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http://www.abc6.com/story/23886206/a-way-to-recycle-your-old-pumpkins
| 2014-04-16T22:35:12 |
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-15/segments/1397609525991.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20140416005205-00067-ip-10-147-4-33.ec2.internal.warc.gz
| 0.940906 | 271 |
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|
webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2014-15__0__114634140
|
en
|
Your pumpkins may be looking a little weary by now, we are five days past Halloween. Instead of throwing out your carved pumpkins, why not do something better with it.
For the third year in a row, Whole Foods in Rhode Island is collecting any decaying pumpkins and donating them to a secret garden of sorts in the backyard of the Pawtucket Housing Authority. It's a place where hundreds of inner city kids can grow and learn. Emily Jodka explains, "Kind of preserving the nature of our urban
landscape, I mean we have a farm in the heart of a housing authority."
Although the growing season is winding down at the farm, a lot is still going on for the New Urban Farmers. Jodka goes on about the farms composting, "Starting with the pumpkins or maybe some of the
weeds we pull, it all gets blended together it all gets re purposed and ends up
being really valuable black gold for us."
The composting and repurposing is all part of the learning experience for local kids. "We can really close the loop on what we add into our farm
and into our soil."
Whole Foods is collecting pumpkins until 8PM Tuesday night. For more on the New Urban Farmers click here: http://www.newurbanfarmers.org/
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agronomy
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https://andersonprairie.org/garden-fence-idea/
| 2019-01-18T04:06:19 |
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-04/segments/1547583659677.17/warc/CC-MAIN-20190118025529-20190118051529-00407.warc.gz
| 0.952967 | 1,632 |
CC-MAIN-2019-04
|
webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2019-04__0__189875322
|
en
|
Garden is a place which represents your personality and efforts. At a certain time of the day, you will keep a period of time for gardening. You can divide your garden into different sections like the flower, vegetables, seedbed, fruit etc. After establishing all the garden, the next thing will come into your mind is maintenance. You will never want that any unexpected animals can enter into your garden and damage the plants. So, fencing around the garden is your best solution for it. Fencing will not only protect your garden but also give the garden a very fancy looks to your garden.
There are several types of DIY fencing system that you can make very easily and it will cost you very minimal. Among them, you can choose your convenient type of fences and customize them as per your requirement. This article will provide you with all the necessary ideas about how you can fence your garden.
Rail Horse Fence
This type of fence made of wood. You will just need the sized lumbers. The fence needs to have 2 posts at both the ends. Take 4 logs and make the frame in your convenient size. Then take 3-4 lumbers and attach them with nails. Now, dig holes and infix into them. You can use clamps to make the attachment to each other. Now make the door by following the same way. But in addition, you will need to make a beam type structure. It will support to maintain the strength of it. Attach the hinge to stick with the fence and nail a hook to the other side.
Split Rail Fence with Mesh
In this process, you will need some timber logs and metal mesh. At first, you have to make the frame and position it to the borderline of your garden. This framing system is a little bit different than the others. Here you have to stick the posts in position. The posts need to have a hole at the same height. Now, the horizontal logs will attach through the hole of the posts. Then take a roll of mesh wire and cover the whole frame. Adding a gate will make extra benefits for your entrance. After all these the fence will become ready to protect your garden.
The Hog Wire Privacy Fence
This type of fence is very effective to protect the garden from small height animals. This fence type needs to have a number of wooden logs to make solid fence at a certain height of 3.5-4 feet. Up of that there you should make a square box with hog wire. This type of fence may cost higher than any other fence, but it will look very fancy that will increase the beauty of your garden.
The Prefab Fence
You will be like to have the prefab fence that may give a decent look with higher strength. First, you have to make a metal frame to support the fence. Now, place the logs 5×5 inched sized and 5×10 inched sized lumber side by side. Once you are done attaching them with the frame you can feel the security of your garden. Make a wooden gate for your entrance. You can paint it if you want and that might add a new point to your garden.
DIY Garden Fence
This type of garden fence is very easy to make. You just need some 1×1 sized lumber to make the frame and a roll of chicken wire. Make square frames with the logs and set up the chicken wire by attaching with the post by nails. You can make it with your own way as per your height, and shape. The interesting thing is you can make it more decorative by attaching a differently shaped fence. You can replace the chicken wire with GI (Galvanized Iron) sheet. You can change the number of it as per your wish.
DIY Wooden Fence
This type of fence is actually an option. It may not look so much pretty but you can make it only with wood. 1st You need to place two logs as the stump. Then nail the wooden sized logs by horizontal orientation one side. At the other side, the orientation of the woods will be the same. In this way, the stumps will be concealed that will be more appealing.
The wooden pallet Fence
Wooden pallet fencing is a very ancient idea that had been invented very long ago. It can be made with a very simple method, but they are very much effective. You only need wooden timbers and some edging tools to make it. First, you need to take 2 timber to make 1 post. The two wooden logs need to be trimmed in such a way that have only one pointy end upright to the fence. Now, orient them side by side and attach them with two logs and nail them parallelly. You dig through the borderline and fix them into the hole. You can make a chicken wire door that will be more convenient for the maintenance of your garden.
Modern metal privacy fence
This is an exceptional fence type. If your garden in the backyard of the house and you want to have the fence then it should be looked more gorgeous. Not to worry! For this fence type, you have a make a frame in random shape you choose. If you choose hardwood for this, the fence will be more durable and stronger. Now, the outer portion of the fence needs to be covered with a metal sheet or Tin. This fence will work as a shield and protect both your home and garden from all types of animals. You can decorate inside the fence and the frame can also be used as the shelf.
Inexpensive Fence Ideas
You can think of a very easy and inexpensive fencing idea then here is a great solution for you. Make the square shaped frame with 4 wooden timber and inside it, you need to keep filling the gaps with role boxed shaped foil. You can use the iron box at the root of the posts that give more stability. At last, attach all the parts of the fence together with largely sized nails. Now, your garden fence will be ready.
The Galvanized Perimeter Fence
The galvanized perimeter fence is a type of fence that is made of wood and galvanized metal. The process you have to follow is almost the same as the other. To make this fence, you need to frame the galvanized metal. the You can make a flexible height of the fence you desire. Now place the fence all around your garden and attach them with the metal hook or extra wooden posts. It will keep unwanted animals away from your beautiful garden.
Wattle fencing is a very interesting and peculiar fencing system. Softwood materials are perfect for this fencing. If you cut 5-6 trees, then whole the tree stumps and their branches. The large stumps will be used as posts. The soft branches will be more flexible that can easily be overlapped. You have to put 15-20 branches overlapped with each other. Here is an interesting thing that this fence doesn’t need to use any extra materials for attachment. Wattle fencing can be a great solution of protecting your garden or seedbeds.
The Log Fence
The log fence is very simple and the most flexible thing. One thing you just need a number of logs. You can first orient them according to the line of the border. Then just place the rest of the logs up of the logs. This fence is as strong that can protect your garden from any types of ferocious carnivores or Large size herbivores.
If you love gardening, then fencing your garden is a must! Otherwise, the natural beauty of your garden will be disturbed by people & animals. It takes a really long time and patience to make your own garden. For me, my garden is one of the greatest things of your creativity. Fencing will need you a little effort but it will protect your garden from every disturbance. So put that effort to maintain the mesmerizing beauty of your garden. Hope you have found your convenient fencing technique in this article. So, just build a fence and enjoy the bundle of joy!
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agronomy
|
https://www.landscapingstgeorge.com/
| 2021-07-30T07:45:51 |
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-31/segments/1627046153934.85/warc/CC-MAIN-20210730060435-20210730090435-00251.warc.gz
| 0.948928 | 674 |
CC-MAIN-2021-31
|
webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2021-31__0__137196073
|
en
|
Thank you for visiting our website. DC Landscape & Maintenance of Southern Utah has been serving Washinton County since 2005. We specialize in plant and lawn fertilizing, weed control, lawn aeration and lawn and yard maintenance. We service the Coral Canyon and Green Springs areas for yard maintenance, and offer our weed control and fertilizer packages to the greater St George Utah area.
We understand that you are busy! Let us free up your time by maintaining your yard. We are licensed and insured and can provide you with a list of happy clients as a referral.
We use only walk behind mowers which helps your lawn to look it's best. Ride on mowers while effecient, can cause damage to the lawn if opperated impropertly. The heavy weight of the ride on mower can create ruts in your grass.
The owner of our company is onsite most of the time and can answer any of your questions. We have excellent communication skills. as a home owner, you want to be able to voice your ideas and opinions about your yard. We understand the importance of communication and also guarantee a 24 hour call back period.
We charge by the visit and not by the month. Each yard is different and some require more attention at certain times of the year. Lawns and yards in Southern Utah need more water and attention during the summer months. We feel like it makes more sense to home owners to charge per visit. We are very confident that you will love our service and offer a month to month agreement rather than contracts.
In order to maintain a healthy Southern Utah lawn, certain steps should be taken to ensure proper nutrients, a strong root system and efficient and effective watering. It is very important that nutrients can reach the soil beneath your grass. Lawn aeration is a key element to a healthy lawn because it allows air and water to penetrate beneath built-up grass or thatch.
Aeration involves perforating the soil with small holes to allow air, water and nutrients to penetrate the grass roots. This helps the roots grow deeper and produce a stronger, more sustainable lawn.
The main reason for aerating is to alleviate soil compaction. Much of the soil in St George and Southernutah has a high clay content which is dense and doesn't allow water to seep. Compacted soils prevents proper air, water and nutrient circulation within the soil. Excess lawn thatch or debris buried under the grass surface can also prevent the roots from obtaining these vital elements.
The best time for aeration is during the growing season. It is ideal to aerate your lawn in the early spring or fall after the compaction of winter months or the summer growth period.
At DC Landscape and Maintenance, we recommend aerating your lawn with a plug aerator. Our aerating machines
removes plugs of soil which allows proper water, air and nutrients to your lawns root system. Simply poking holes with strap on shoe aerators is less effective and can actually cause additional compaction in the areas around the holes. Our lawn aerating machines remove soil plugs approximately 2-3 inches deep and 0.5-0.75 inches in diameter, and about 2-3 inches apart. Please give us a call with any questions in regards to lawn aeration in St George and Southern Utah.
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agronomy
|
https://eco-flex.com/blogs/news/natural-rubber-production
| 2020-03-29T03:43:24 |
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-16/segments/1585370493684.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20200329015008-20200329045008-00267.warc.gz
| 0.906332 | 178 |
CC-MAIN-2020-16
|
webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2020-16__0__51287610
|
en
|
Natural rubber production.
Rubber is produced naturally from the latex obtained from rubber trees.
The top producers of natural rubber in the world is a number of nations in Southeast Asia and India.
Rubber is useful because of its high resilience, waterproof properties, and large stretch ratio.
They are various sources of rubber, but the most common is the Pará rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis). Another one is the vines in the genus Landolphia yield the Congo rubber or dandelion milk.
In 2013, nearly 28 million tons of rubber was produced in the world and natural rubber accounted for 44% of this production. The most popular countries are Thailand, Indonesia, and Malaysia, together accounted for 72% of the natural rubber produced in the world.
The leading natural rubber producing countries in the world are Thailand, Indonesia, Vietnam, India and China.
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agronomy
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http://bltermpapernryd.musikevents.us/frey-farms.html
| 2018-08-17T22:32:32 |
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| 0.937693 | 402 |
CC-MAIN-2018-34
|
webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2018-34__0__115298050
|
en
|
We are a family run farm we offer a wide assortment of products for the professionals and also for the homeowner no order is too smallwe cater to the smaller businessesplease check us. Sarah frey-talley, chief executive officer of frey farms llc, headquartered in keenes, il, founded the company 20 years ago — when she was 16. Want to work for frey farms get the best facts on frey farms's employee reviews, salaries, interviews, and even the culture overview here.
Frey farms, keenes 3,626 likes 6 talking about this frey farms is a family owned multi-state grower of fresh produce with a reputation built on. Get directions, reviews and information for frey farms in rossville, in.
Frey farms is a family owned multi-state grower of fresh produce with a reputation built on service and integrity we have been supplying the nation with quality produce for nearly 20 years.
See what employees say it's like to work at frey farms salaries, reviews, and more - all posted by employees working at frey farms.
Frey produce llc available loads 111 county hwy 15 suite a keenes, il 62851 ph: (618) 835-2536. Sarah frey-talley is the founder of tsamma™ watermelon juice, and president and ceo of frey farms sarah was raised on a small, 100-acre farm in southern illinois, where at age eight, she.
Frey farms is a multi-state certified woman owned business that is one of the nation's largest growers and shippers of pumpkins. 111 county highway 15, suite a | keenes, il 62851 | sales: 8128743373. Frey farms show pigs, upper sandusky, oh 743 likes call or text for more info: nathan frey 419-294-7138 ashton frey 419-310-7244.
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agronomy
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https://www.euroasiafruit.nl/
| 2023-06-09T00:23:25 |
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-23/segments/1685224655244.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20230609000217-20230609030217-00441.warc.gz
| 0.949032 | 391 |
CC-MAIN-2023-23
|
webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2023-23__0__100933111
|
en
|
Euroasia Fruit BV
Providing fresh and healthy fruits and vegetables throughout Europe
The headquarter of Euro Asia fruit is based in Madrid, Founded in 2008, sinds december 2020 we started our Branch office (Warehouse) in Poeldijk in the Netherlands, a Country known as the "Vegetable Garden of Europa˝. Thanks to the excellent location, the good port resources and the close contacts of The Netherlands with Asia and Latin America, as well as the professional operations and scientific management of our company, Euroasia Fruits has extended its sales network to several European countries and has become the main supplier for the vegetable and fruit market of the Asian community in Europe. In addition to being the first choice for Chinese supermarkets, our brand is increasingly trusted and preferred by end consumers.
During all these years in the fruit and vegetable wholesale industry, the group of Euroasia Fruits never forgets its initial mission. We have always been aiming to bring the taste of the homeland to the Chinese in Europe and to provide fresh fruits and vegetables of Asia and Latin America for the European market at reasonable prices. Our distribution categories include edible mushrooms, tropical fruits, fresh green leafy vegetables and root vegetables.
Currently, Euroasia Fruits has established a long-term strategic alliance with partners in many Asian and Latin American countries, including China, Colombia, Mexico, Vietnam, Thailand, Indonesia, Dominica, Honduras, South Korea, Japan, etc., to thus form an efficient and high quality supply chain system and to improve its market share and control. Likewise, our company has created several own or cooperative perennial planting bases of leafy vegetables in Europe, so that we are able to satisfy European consumers with vegetables and fruits as quickly as possible.
In the future, Euroasia Fruits will continue to work hard to provide fresh and healthy fruits and vegetables throughout Europe and to achieve its development plan for the next period.
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agronomy
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https://yogasamaadhi.com/conscious-living-sustainability-activities/
| 2024-04-15T10:03:43 |
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| 0.959262 | 662 |
CC-MAIN-2024-18
|
webtext-fineweb__CC-MAIN-2024-18__0__74857855
|
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Yoga Samaadhi is in collaboration with Mae Paew (our Farm Mother) to preserve and support Mother Nature by doing our best to live and spread the ways of a conscious and sustainable life. Mae Paew is a local Thai organic farm owner who believes in sustainability and sufficient economy as promoted by our late King Rama the 9th. The word “Mae” in Thai language means “Mother” and “Paew” is her short name that she is commonly known by. Although not family by blood, our Farm Mother and Hope (our Founder) has a strong mother and daughter bond and lives with the same love and appreciation for nature. Mae Paew now has embraced Yoga Samaadhi and all its team members as part of her family and has supported us in all our efforts and activities.
Over 10 years ago, our Farm Mother purchased and settled on her small piece of 5 rais land. It was a land with sands, rocks and some little poor soil. Within less than 2 years of constant care and nurture to the land, the land is slowly becomes rich with fertile soil. Now called “Sailom Natural Farm, all plants, herbs and fruits grown on Mae Paew’s farm are free of chemicals and is an abundant source of food for our Farm Mother and her husband. The farm is maintained as what is called as a “Food Forest” by allowing many plants to grow naturally without excessive interference and control. Seasonal vegetables and fruits are planting in a small plots within the Food Forest for convenience during harvest season. Mae Paew also takes part in the Village Organic Group, where other organic farmers gather together to open up a small organic product shop near Baan Kaad fresh market.
As a way to support sustainable and conscious living, Yoga Samaadhi gives a helping hand to our Mother by being and finding volunteer labor workings for her farm work. Mae Paew continues to be an important supporter and advisor of Yoga Samaadhi. She shares her love and knowledge to Yoga Samaadhi, as well as provides homemade fresh fruit juice and herbal drinks for our center in the months when we hold the yoga teacher trainings.
Upcoming dates for activities to be announced.
FIND OUR MORE ABOUT SAILOM NATURAL FARM:
We are open for those who would like to learn more about living a mindful life. Volunteering opportunity will be based on personal discussion, as well as on the season of the year and availability. At the moment, You have opportunity to
• Learn about Basic Thai Medicine Herbs
• Make Herbal tea
• Fresh chlorophyll juice
• Planting/harvesting organic plant & fruits
• Feeding earthworms
This is a precious time to be a little free from electronics, to spend some quality and contemplative time with yourself and nature, to learn to enjoy the moments of peaceful silence (internal & external), to be present in the now and to let go of the sense of control over what should happen or how things should be.
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agronomy
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