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6,100 | [This is a slightly revised version of a talk presented at Brown University in the fall of 1999, which was filmed by C-SPAN and televised on their Book TV program.]
Later this evening, when we adjourn to the Beinecke Library, we will view an exhibition that commemorates the contribution a determined group of collectors and librarians made toward building the research collections now available at Yale. On one hand, this show is an exercise in local patriotism. It demonstrates how a disparate group of individuals, connected by a love of books and manuscripts, and reacting alternately to seeds of learning planted as undergraduates and to the blandishments of the keepers of the Yale Collections, added extraordinary things to the University’s holdings of the raw material of scholarship. It reminds us that great research libraries come into being through persistence, commitment, determination, and the generosity of donors.
To that noble string of superlatives we can add another essential: the marketplace. Without a market and without what the Internal Revenue Service calls "a willing buyer and a willing seller, neither party being under any compulsion to buy or sell," the books and manuscripts that make up this unique collection could not have found their way here, and this institution could not have been created. The history of the market is the central, if submerged, element, in the story of every great library and collection.
Apart from the content of books and manuscripts there is no more intriguing question in the rare book world than "What is it worth?" In 1864, when the great Americana collector, George Brinley of Hartford, bought a Bay Psalm Book, the first book printed in English North America, from the dealer, Henry Stevens, he offered "one thousand dollars in greenbacks" on the condition that Stevens not reveal the details of the transaction. "Among Yankees," Brinley observed, "the first question, when you have bought something, is ‘What did you pay?’" Brinley’s Bay Psalm Book now resides in the Beinecke Library at Yale. When Yale very publicly purchased it at auction in 1947, it paid $151,000, then the highest price ever paid for a printed book. It is not exactly priceless today, in the sense that the market would place a value on it if it were for sale; but it is priceless in the sense that Yale has no plans to sell it. In fact, the Yale copy was the last to trade publicly, and the final privately held copy was given to the Library of Congress in 1955. Its rarity in the marketplace is now absolute. A collector today who wanted one of the eleven surviving copies of the Bay Psalm Book would be frustrated because they are all in institutional libraries.
The sales history of the Bay Psalm Book is an extreme example of the single most important factor in the market today: the essential scarcity of material. Without understanding the history of the marketplace, we cannot grasp the modern world of rare books.
* * * * *
At the end of World War II, one might say that rare books were common. The rare book market, like every kind of antiques market, had suffered a prolonged depression through the 1930s. The glamorous prices of the famous Jerome Kern sale of 1929 looked as foolish a speculation as stocks; there were many books and few buyers. The war further retarded the market in the United States and Britain, while its upheavals literally turned Europe upside down and shook it. Not since the catastrophes of the Napoleonic Wars were so many great fortunes brought low, so many ancient libraries overturned. The result was a vast outpouring of material from private and institutional hands into the marketplace. The late Lawrence Thompson, who built extraordinary collections for the University of Kentucky, told me that in the harsh winter of 1945-46, he sent several boxes of canned goods to a friend from before the war, the head of the Austrian National Library. In return, the librarian sent Larry a set of Haebler’s monumental collection of incunabula leaves, worth tens of thousands of dollars today, as a thank-you for saving his family from starvation.
In retrospect, 1945 probably marks the greatest buying opportunity for rare books in history, an opportunity that in fact extended to every sphere of the antiques and fine arts market. Buyers with deep pockets could be discriminating in what they bought and hard-nosed about what they paid. The wealth of material also broadened the marketplace, because books were so plentiful and cheap that even an academic salary, carefully applied, could build a major collection in some fields. A wealth of supply always broadens a market, while a dearth constricts it.
What changed the market was institutional acquisition. The 1950s and ‘60s saw explosive growth of major libraries, mainly in the United States. Huge research libraries, notably at such schools as the University of Texas and the University of Illinois, were created in a remarkably short period of time by wholesale methods. It was easier to buy whole private collections and sort out duplicates later, than to acquire book by book. The gifts of major private collections to universities added to the speed of this rearrangement of resources. Within twenty years, a vast number of books had been absorbed into institutions and the first twinges of scarcity began to be seriously felt. As a well-known dealer of the period, Richard Wormser, noted at the height of the institutional market, "Rare books are becoming scarce."
The best contemporary reviews of the rare book market in the 1960s and ‘70s were made by the late scholar, collector, and long-time president of the Guggenheim Foundation, Gordon Ray, in his studies, The Changing World of Rare Books, in 1965, and nine years later in 1974, The World of Rare Books Re-examined. These can be found in his posthumous collection of essays, Books as a Way of Life, co-published by The Grolier Club and the Morgan Library. Ray’s essays are a touchstone, which I will refer back to in my discussion of the modern market, because of his acute insider’s view of the period and his quotation of a number of contemporaries. Like him, I have sought opinions from several dozen acquaintances with long experience in the book market; and, like him, I will quote their views anonymously.
In retrospect, 1965 roughly marks the point when the rare book market shifted from a buyer’s to a seller’s market. As one of Ray’s correspondents noted then, "…it only needed a relatively small increase in demand to tip the scale from ‘ample supply’ to ‘extreme unavailability.’" There was, he thought, "a narrow margin between glut and scarcity." While Ray was quick to perceive the role the institutional acquisition binge had played in altering the market, few of his interlocutors saw it that way. They generally blamed the dealers for the unprecedented run-up in prices. One collector demanded a boycott on buying until the thieving dealers saw reason; and another moaned that the very "meaning of value" had been destroyed.
The glory days of the institutions lasted another decade. Their decline as the major consumers of rare books began in the early 1970s, when the successive blows of oil-shock inflation and loss of government funding slowed their growth. In the 1980s, their ability to compete with private collectors was increasingly undermined. By this time, however, most of the rare books of the world had moved into libraries. The float (those rare books in private hands which can be bought and sold) is only a very small part of the pie.
The resulting scarcity of supply is the essential issue in the modern rare book market. Collectors feel that the chance to buy an important rarity may be their last. Dealers wonder how they can replace stock once it is gone. Librarians wonder how they can fund purchases, or if the needs of their institution justify holding a fortune in little used special collections. One of my more neurotic colleagues oscillates like alternating current, depending on his day’s sales, between the conviction that there is no one left who will pay his prices and the fear he won’t be able to buy any more books himself. Everyone feels the limitation of the shortage of material, and reacts accordingly.
* * * * *
A discussion of the modern international rare book and manuscript market must begin by speculating on its actual size. Speculation it must be, because the only reliable figures available from which to compile a total are those published by the auction houses, who release figures either because they are publicly traded or because they voluntarily choose to do so. A number of Continental houses do not advertise their annual sales numbers. There are no publicly held rare book firms, and although a few have multiple owners or are held by employee trusts, the majority are single-owner or family concerns with less than no interest in divulging their finances. The vast majority of the world’s rare book business is conducted in the United States, Great Britain, and Western Europe, with smaller centers in Japan and Australia, but the clientele is truly international.
My estimate of the world rare book market today is an annual sale total of $400-$500 million. I hasten to repeat that this is a guess, although an informed one based on close scrutiny and several decades of almost non-stop gossip. The actual number is not as important as the understanding that, compared to the larger art and antique markets, it is not that big, and in terms of the private capital in the world today, minuscule. If one major art collector eschews Impressionists for books, it is enough to seriously affect the market. Within any specific sub-genre, waves can be generated with much smaller resources. The market of scarcity is a small and easily distorted pool.
Estimating the rise in prices in the rare book market is also a difficult enterprise. When people disagree widely and broadly on what constitutes fair value for something, and there is conflicting or contradictory evidence on which to draw, you have what Wall Street calls an "imperfect market." The rare book market is a very imperfect market because there are literally millions of out-of-print and rare books, and only partial published or cyberspace guides to asked or obtained prices. This is changing rapidly, because of the Internet, but there is certainly no accurate index. Historically, the consistency of prices in the market was supplied primarily by dealers’ memories and their comparative views of value, with some reference to auction records. On common books, this has often created a surprising degree of consensus; but the rarer the piece, the more the price becomes a matter of opinion. Besides individual book prices, while interesting, are no more indicative of the overall market than individual stock prices. The fact that a nice copy of the first edition of the Lewis and Clark expedition has gone up one hundred times since 1965 is really no more informative than knowing that you should have bought Microsoft when it went public. A broader index is needed.
In 1993, I issued a catalogue entitled The Streeter Sale Revisited. Its basis was the auction of the Americana collection of Thomas W. Streeter, which took place at Parke-Bernet Galleries in New York between 1966 and 1969. Streeter was one of the greatest American collectors of the 20th century, and a long-time friend and benefactor of the Yale library. His Texas collection was sold to Yale in 1955 and is one of the pillars of the Western Americana Collection. The sale of his general collection, with 4421 lots, realized $3.1 million, at that point the largest dollar total of any book sale in the United States. At the time, it was viewed as a premier example of the madness of modern prices that Gordon Ray’s correspondents had deplored. But it has proven to be a market baseline rather than a peak, and remains the effective measuring stick of Americana.
My catalogue listed 380 items in my stock of which copies had appeared in the Streeter sale. With about eight percent of the items in the sale, I had a decent statistical sample. Between the mid-point of the sale in 1968, until 1993, my average price was seven times the Streeter price. Over that period, inflation was about four times. Individual items varied radically, from being listed at the same price as Streeter, to 120 times the Streeter price. Some of this variation had to do with the vagaries of the sale itself, but most reflected shifting interest in specific genres and the general increase in rare book prices.
Using the books in my stock in January 1999, I recalculated across the board figures, and found the average book was now priced at ten times the Streeter figure. However, in such strong areas of present-day interest as Pacific voyages or cartography, figures of twenty and thirty times Streeter were not at all uncommon. There are even larger multiples. In April 1999 at Christie’s East the Streeter copy of Samuel Lewis’ 1818 map of the United States sold for $12,650, or 253 times its price of $50 at the Streeter sale. This is all very unscientific, and limited to my own specialty of Americana; but again, the specifics matter less than the overall lesson: the price of rare books in the market has generally continued to rise sharply, and no one today would suggest that a boycott could stop it.
A chance to make a somewhat more scientific analysis of the market came in May 1999, with the sale of the library of Dr. Frank T. Siebert, long known as one of the great specialist collectors of Americana. Siebert’s collection is certainly the greatest group of Americana to be sold at auction since Streeter, and not surprisingly many of the same titles appear in each. The similarity of circumstances and materials make the comparison a particularly apt one. Both were landmark auctions of notable collections staged in periods when the economy was strong and the mood of the market was optimistic.
Of the 548 lots in the Siebert sale at Sotheby’s on May 21, 1999, seventy-one were titles which also appeared in the Streeter sale, and which were essentially similar (I eliminated from the sample books lacking maps or which had elements that made them unfair comparisons). In the Streeter sale these realized $70,200. At Siebert, the same books went for $1,136,490, or 16.19 times the Streeter prices. Individual items ranged from one book that sold for slightly less than its price at Streeter to 109 times the Streeter price, for Joseph Howard’s map of Ohio published in Delaware, Ohio in 1824, $70 at Streeter, $8625 at Siebert.
Looking at the seventy-one items at the Siebert sale, one is immediately struck that half of the value was realized by four books, all of which are famous rarities and monuments of colonial cartography. They had been four of the five most expensive books in the Streeter sample. These were John Smith’s Description of New England, $5500 at Streeter and $211,500 at Siebert, both copies notable for having the nearly impossible to obtain first state of the Smith map of New England; the famous Popple map of British North America of 1733, $5250 at Streeter and $112,500 at Siebert; the 1632 collected edition of Champlain’s Voyages, $2700 at Streeter and $134,500 at Siebert; and the 1755 Lewis Evans map of British North America printed in Philadelphia and accompanying pamphlet, $2400 at Streeter and $112,500 at Siebert. These four stellar pieces totaled $15,850 at Streeter and an extraordinary $571,000 at Siebert, or thirty-six times the Streeter price.
If we take the remaining sixty-seven items in the sample, the Streeter cost was $54,350 against a Siebert cost of $565,490, a growth of 10.4 times across a broad range of material which I think accurately reflects the general market. The most expensive single item of the group at Streeter was Philip Vincent’s 1638 pamphlet on the Pequot War. At Siebert it went to the Mashantucket Pequot Museum for $46,000, or seven times Streeter. Some Streeter books, in retrospect, went so strongly at that sale that it was hard for them to achieve a large multiple at Siebert: Josselyn’s account of New England was overpriced at Streeter at $4250, but on the money at Siebert at $12,650. Of course, this went the other way, such as Hubbard’s History of the War in New England of 1676, cheap at Streeter at $1100 and on the money at Siebert at $40,250. Across the sample these average out, and many of the items fall in the 10:1 or 11:1 ratio, which matches the overall figures with the great rarities removed.
As much as these multiples may seem like huge jumps forward, they are not necessarily that large in terms of other indexes of asset growth or, to take a contemporary buzz term, "asset inflation." Compared to some areas of art and antiques, and many areas of real estate, there is nothing out of the ordinary in the growth of book prices. No one would be surprised if I told them a piece of prime Hamptons real estate was worth thirty-six times what was asked in 1966. Indeed, if we look further back, to the 1920s, there was much closer parity between the rare book and fine arts markets than there has been in the post-World War II era. In this sense, there is a good argument that rare books as a class have been undervalued and out of favor, and that some of the leaps forward of recent times reflect new buyers recognizing this and restoring books to something like their old position in the overall framework of value.
* * * *
When Ray reviewed the role of institutions in 1974, the first cracks were appearing in their dominance of the rare book marketplace, and it was generally conceded that they had steadily lost ground from 1970 on. Nonetheless, his survey of leading dealers placed institutional purchasing at roughly 40% of the market. This was already a significant decline from some of his 1965 figures, which had suggested that libraries accounted for 60% at that time. Today, the role of institutional buying has sunk dramatically. One leading dealer described it to me as "diminished almost to non-existent" for his firm, while another reported it accounted for only 5% of sales. Both of these dealers are carriage-trade generalists, and so have stocks less suited, perhaps, to institutional buying. Specialist dealers probably have a larger percentage of institutional business, but even here the level seems to be 15% plus or minus, the level at which I find myself in Americana. In a few instances, private angels for specific collections have allowed a few institutions to compete beyond their own means. Without such support, sometimes dramatically summoned for a specific icon such as the Declaration of Independence by Williams College, and later by the Morgan Library, virtually all of the institutional buyers would be shut out of the top end of the market entirely.
What happened? The first blow was the loss of federal funding for retrospective book purchases, which greatly enhanced budgets until such programs ended during the Ford administration. The soaring cost of maintaining physical plants and the inroads of inflation through the early 1980s lost ground which was never recovered. Rare book purchases were an easy line item to trim from a budget. For many institutions, straitened finances revealed an essential lack of faith in the role of special collection, or a belief that their potential function was better served in alternative formats such as microfilm or CDs. The decline in institutional buying stems from a three-fold loss: decline in funds available to buy, the acceleration of the market away from remaining funding, and a smaller pool of libraries participating in the market at all.
The ability of institutions to attract gifts of books from private donors has also declined. Changing tax laws are the foremost reason for this. From the 1930s through the 1970s, the marginal tax rate stood at 90% and then 70%. Given the enormous capital appreciation many collectors of this era had in their collections, and the tax bracket major donors found themselves in, the gift of a collection had immense tax advantages. The new tax structure of the Reagan years onward made such gifts far less appealing, although the retention of a 28% capital gain rate on the sale of "collectibles" – that horrible word – encourages possible gifts slightly. The post-Nixon Papers revision of the laws governing the deductibility of personal papers was another blow. Prior to 1976, writers had substantial incentives to donate their personal archives to libraries. After the change in the law, they could only deduct the cost of paper and materials. The effect has been to radically diminish the number of archives given, and has often caused them to be broken up in the market.
Another reason for declining gifts has to do with the cost of books to private buyers. Many collectors today are forced to think of their books as capital assets, not because of an investment strategy, but because of their sheer price. It may be much harder for them to reconcile the gift of a collection which represents a significant asset with estate planning for their heirs. The frequently stated view that many modern collectors are simply investors must be weighed against their outlay.
Friends groups are not a new idea in the library world, and to a degree they have subsidized collection growth. In recent years, several libraries, notably the Library of Congress and the Huntington Library, have created super-friends groups with the specific goal of funding major acquisitions. These are distinctly different than the tiers of "friends" created by such institutions as The New York Public Library for massive campaigns aimed at bricks and mortar or endowment funding. While the Library of Congress and the Huntington programs seem to work well, both have ceded part of the decision-making process on what to buy to the donors, who sometimes have a magpie-like fascination with large shiny objects over substantive texts, the same preference for high spots which dominates the private market.
Although institutional buying has slowed tremendously, and more and more libraries are deaccessioning duplicates or what they deem "out of scope" materials, the net flow of books and manuscripts into permanent homes is still slightly positive, and so their participation continues to reduce the float in private hands. However, there are few libraries that are major forces in the acquisition of material. I doubt there are ten institutions in the United States today spending a million dollars a year on rare book and manuscript acquisitions from budgeted funds. In the rare book market of today, the once dominant institutions are only sporadically able to compete with the private market.
The decline of this portion of the market has affected some areas of books much more than others. Since they are building on existing collections and often aiming at comprehensive holdings in a particular field, libraries are equally interested in the obscure and the ephemeral as the famous standard works. This tended to keep prices more uniform, and encouraged the rise of the specialist dealers, who built stocks and careers filling in the gaps. Some of this esoterica has now returned to its historic state of unsalability, as the private market focuses on the more famous titles.
A more subtle aspect of the shifting market structure is its effect on the book trade. There was no easier time to enter the book business than the 1950s and ‘60s, because it was far easier to establish oneself with institutions as customers. They were essentially democratic in their buying, and their addresses and wants were readily obtainable. A bookseller could enter the business without the background of working for an older firm, and sell mainly to libraries while building up an acquaintance with collectors. It takes time to develop the stature and reputation that leads to strong private customers. The loss of these public consumers has raised another barrier to entry into the book trade, whose preceding generation came of age in the institutional heyday.
* * * * *
It is collectors, then, who have come to dominate the modern rare book market. Who are the collectors of today? Almost uniformly, my correspondents among dealers, librarians and collectors shared the same view. All felt there were more collectors, but that the majority of them were casual in their approach, without "staying power," as one dealer put it, and with a tendency to collect high spots and not attack subjects in detail, which was seen as the hallmark of an older school of collecting. One auctioneer wrote, "There are ‘more’ new collectors in my view. The majority of new collectors entering the market appear to be chasing the same books in their chosen area of specialization (‘nifty fifty’ titles). New collectors taking the ‘in depth’ approach are very rare in themselves." A librarian saw "two distinct generations. The older (sixty-five and over) tend to be better educated, more disciplined, more focused, more serious, less given to regarding books as (re)salable commodities."
These remarks have to be taken with a grain of salt, I think. In 1974, seeing the tide turning in favor of the collector, Ray was concerned with the supposed invasion of the market by "investors," the same generation now viewed as the tried and true veterans. In fact, the book market, like every area of antiques and art, has always had its speculators, its high-spot buyers, and its flashes in the pan who joined the fray for a few years and then went on to other things. It has also had its Jay Gatsbys, who liked the look of a room full of books more than the books themselves. I recommend Edwin Wolf’s biography of the great bookseller, Dr. Rosenbach, to anyone who thinks there was a golden age of knowledgeable, scholarly collectors with no investors, high spot fanciers, or imperious moguls to keep them company.
Having said this, I think there is much truth in my colleagues’ view of the high end of the present market. The focus on high spots is undeniable. The major Printing and the Mind of Man titles, the key books in every field from science and medicine to Americana, the large color plate books and atlases, have leapt far ahead of the rest of the market. Furthermore, these books are far more salable for both dealers and auctions. They don’t stay in stock. Price, when it comes to a prime example of a major book of this sort, is less and less of an issue. An important modern collector commented, "Big money will pay any price for something they want."
If I drew a profile of the major collector who drives this market, it would be this: First of all, well educated and very bright, although seldom specifically knowledgeable in his or her collecting field. Second, an entrepreneur, often someone who has made a great deal of money either through creating a company or in finance. Third, an extremely busy person, who is fitting collecting activities in between hard-driving business. Fourth, someone who does not necessarily look on their collecting purchases as an investment, but who is extremely conscious of the market and comparative values, and does view the books they buy as a capital asset. Fifth, as a net result, a quick study who can be convinced to go after a major piece but cannot afford the time to become deeply involved in the details of a field; or, as one dealer put it to me, "rich and cultured but no longer passionate."
Time to work at collecting seems a key element here, and of course, this is what all of us have the least of in the modern world. I know one major collector who budgets several hours one morning a week to review his collecting activities with his curator. How can one become deeply engaged on such a schedule? Collecting is (or can be) a very time consuming thing to do. It takes time to read books, look at books, and think about books, and as we all know, "book openeth book." Without the investment of time and involvement, the gravitation to high spots is not surprising. To quote another dealer, "Much of what is out there to be bought requires more time and knowledge than most current collectors want to devote. People all seem in such a hurry."
In the 1980s, the art market was a scene of public and flamboyant excess in collecting, followed by a dramatic crash and burn in the recession at the end of the decade. The fine and decorative arts markets are quite healthy now, but they contend with the same issues of scarcity of the best material. They market in contemporary art has never recovered the roaring character of a decade ago. The ‘90s have been characterized by less showy and more sophisticated pleasures, including book collecting, which I think has generally enjoyed a revival in interest compared with other possible outlets for the collecting urge. No doubt some have sensed more intrinsic value in rare books than modern art. Those who collect books today might well have chosen paintings as a theme to pursue a decade ago. This has brought some very wealthy people into the high end of the book market.
Because of this, I think, some of the attitudes of the art market have come with them. The concept of the masterpiece, of a collection as a series of dramatic statements, is intimately connected with the high-spot urge. The contextuality of the old in-depth style collection is far less fashionable than the diverse juxtaposition of memorable sound-bites. One well known mogul to whom I was showing an extremely expensive book told me he would buy it if I could explain its importance in twenty-five words or less. I made it in twelve, but not because there wasn’t a great deal more to say. Another said that he wanted to collect items he could show to his friends that involved historical figures they had heard about, and so could appreciate. This is indeed book collecting as art collecting, a series of objects to be viewed and discussed.
I don’t have the slightest problem with people collecting exactly what they want. It is a voluntary activity and the collector’s money. But I do believe that a collection of books in context is greater than the sum of the parts, and that there is a good deal of pleasure to be gained from the exercise of putting such a collection together. In my experience, there are many book collectors who operate on these principles to the extent they can afford. I do not think that the high spot mania is universal, but the intensive collector is becoming rarer. Another dealer commented, "It seems that the definitive, in-depth collection is on its way out. Collecting a single author’s complete works and ephemera has been replaced, to a great extent, by focusing on the key one hundred books or so in each field."
Increasingly, the rare book market seems two-tiered: the world of major trophy books, famous authors and famous titles; and the remainder of the market. There are certainly collectors with a foot in both camps, and as a prominent bookseller reminded me, collectors are as diverse as those selling books. Thoughtfulness and intelligence can be found at every level. The difference now is that, given the relatively small pool of the market and the immense wealth generated in the world in the ‘90s, it only takes a few new buyers with sums moderate in the terms of the art market, to turn the little old book market on its head. A man with a million dollars a year to spend will not make any real impression in the painting world, but in the book market such a sum will command a great deal of respect. Aim to spend ten million a year (one medium size Impressionist) and the buyer in a hurry is almost necessarily limited to grand books and high spots in order to spend the money.
* * * * *
Let us turn to the sellers of books.
I believe that the dominant factor in setting the pace and style of the modern market has been the auction houses, primarily the two largest, Christie’s and Sotheby’s. By my guesstimates, the auction markets in rare books are a quarter or less of the total market, but the impact of the two major houses on the high end of the market, and its tone, have been greater than their actual market share.
Auctions have always played a significant role in the rare book market, traditionally this was largely as a wholesaler to the trade. Even sales aimed more directly at a retail market (generally dispersals of well known individual collections) were dominated by booksellers bidding for customers. Auction catalogues typically provided a minimum of information, and no estimates of value, requiring all but the most knowledgeable bidders to seek professional advice on their bids. While acknowledging their role in a general way, Gordon Ray found auctions such a small factor in shaping the book world that he devoted only a paragraph to them in the one hundred pages of his 1965 and 1974 overviews. At that time, Sotheby’s was still Parke-Bernet Galleries and holding frequent shelf sales of books, mainly aimed at the trade, in their old Madison Avenue premises, while Christie’s had yet to establish an American operation.
The last twenty-five years have seen sweeping changes in the auction world that have radically affected all antiques markets. In a nut shell, the big houses have decided to go retail and aim their wares directly at collectors, rather than working through dealers as essentially wholesale operations. Many observers see the crucial moment in this history as the 1983 purchase of Sotheby’s by shopping mall magnate Alfred Taubman, and the subsequent application of modern marketing techniques to a business that had been financially moribund. Equally important was the decision to begin publishing estimates, thus providing a guide of sorts to non-professionals and encouraging direct collector bidding, and the imposition of the buyer’s premium, originally 10% and now 15% on lots up to $50,000, on the buyer. The premium allowed the houses to charge the seller a smaller commission on the nominal sale, or "hammer," price, giving the houses more room to compete with booksellers who were trying to buy collections privately. In the words of a veteran auctioneer, "As sellers, they are aiming to retail their wares, by-passing the dealers, with elaborate and puffed-up descriptions, often with unrealistically high pre-sale estimates. In many instances nowadays they take a capital position in the articles they offer for sale and they are willing to bankroll potential purchasers."
The intense struggle between Sotheby’s and Christie’s for the top of the auction market has developed two extraordinary marketing machines, moving in lockstep to counter each other’s innovations. Their multi-million dollar promotional efforts make it common for major properties to take a world tour, moving from views in Los Angeles, Tokyo, and London to a New York sale. The elaborateness and presentation of their catalogues exceeds that of all but a few dealers. An important sale can immediately command major media attention. There are no dealers who can compete with this kind of marketing muscle.
Ironically, within the houses, one of which began in the 18th century as a book auction firm, the book departments are the odd parties out. Nowadays, the economics of Sotheby’s and Christie’s are geared to big individual lots. The rainmakers of both are Impressionist paintings, where one important canvas can make more money in a minute than all the book sales for the year, and jewelry, which compacts great value in a small space. The new owner of Christie’s, who made his fortune in managing productivity per square foot in his French department stores, is as aware of these formulae as those who remade Sotheby’s. It is significant that both houses, in the United States, are run by former chief financial officers who built their reputations on controlling the bottom line, not by experts in the wares for sale, as in the past.
The major houses want to sell items with a minimum value of $5000 per lot. In the book market, this immediately excludes the vast majority of medium range rare books, those priced from $250 to $5000. It places an emphasis on the promotion of high spots and the kind of colorful, visually appealing material that most readily crosses the line with the art markets, or on well-known authors and titles. Even with this sort of material, the labor intensive, space intensive needs of the book departments puts them at a disadvantage within the organization. Neither major house could ever abandon books and manuscripts, of course, even if they failed to be cost effective, because that would cede a whole genre to the rival, and the ability to handle an entire estate may be the key to more profitable consignments. For example, at the sale of Mrs. John Hay Whitney’s estate in April, there were over 150 book lots, and about 1400 lots in all; but two paintings, a Seurat and a Cezanne, were estimated at $25 to $35 million each, and the Cezanne realized $60 million. For such plums, both houses will gladly handle whole house loads of comparative knick-knacks.
The success of the major houses in pumping up the high end of the market is undeniable, and to veteran dealers like myself, often disconcerting. Illogical as it may seem, experience shows repeatedly that buyers will pay prices at auction that they will refuse to pay in cold blood, so to speak, from a dealer’s stock. Whether it is the excitement of the chase, the feeling that a bargain may be had (and there are bargains at times), the impression that auctions represent some form of "perfect market," or simply the advertising muscle that gets the most competitors into one arena, the auction markets in recent times have produced some unaccountable results. In the end, it only takes a few bidders to make a horse race. The Peter Hopkirk sale of Asian travel, held by Sotheby’s in the fall of 1998, was a case in point. The single owner sale of a popular author who collected in his field of authority was, as ever, a good starting point. The sale became a battle between three bidders who virtually shut out all others in the sale room, paying prices that were frequently multiples of the copies available in the trade. Two of the bidders had never bought from dealers, and one of them rejected advances by dealers after the sale, stating that he bought only at auctions because he knew he was paying the "right" price.
The Hopkirk sale is perhaps an extreme example, and naturally the auction magic does not always work. In general, however, the major houses have put the dealers on the defensive, especially at the high end of the market, and to a large degree have defined the high end. This is true in every area of art and antiques. They have helped to expand the market, but they have also contributed to its narrowing and increased focus on high spots and trophy books in general.
* * * * *
The book trade, the traditional supplier of rare books, has also evolved.
In 1965 and again in 1974, Gordon Ray was struck by the degree to which the affluence and prestige of the trade had increased after the long drought of the ‘30s, ‘40s and ‘50s. He attributed this to the rise in prices, the general affluence of the market, and the degree to which increased scarcity had "put dealers in the driver’s seat." He also noted the decline of the general antiquarian store in favor of specialists, and the rise of the book fair, a new phenomenon at the time.
In many respects, the trends noted by Ray have continued. If anything, to judge by the professional trade organizations and the tone of the larger book fairs, at least as many people are making a decent career in the antiquarian book business as ever did. The leading dealers are certainly doing far better than that, both in terms of income and the growth of their capital investments in their inventories. But it would be inaccurate to view even the top of the trade as "in the driver’s seat." Looking over one shoulder at the scarcity of supply and another at the competition of the auction houses, and struggling to come to grips with the potentials and pitfalls of the Internet, I cannot think of any of my colleagues who feel complacent about their situation.
The trend from generalist open stores to specialists, often operating from their homes or by appointment, has now reached a point where there are virtually no generalists left. Everyone agrees this is a loss and a pity. The access to browsing amidst a large general stock of antiquarian books was a traditional beginning point for many book collectors. One could get a feeling for different fields, comparative ideas of price and condition, and a general sense of the way the book world worked without any real outlay of cash. One by one, such stores have closed, the victims of urban deterioration, high rents, staffing costs, and the difficulty of obtaining stock. Their departure has made it far more difficult for beginning collectors to find a foothold in the market. This is another reason for turning to auctions, where large and diverse groups of books can be viewed in what is now a retail setting.
Most antiquarian booksellers are now specialists to some degree. Typically, they have not had open shops, but have aimed at a national or international market by catalogue or personal contact. The era of institutional domination did much to foster this transition, but it has remained the most effective way for most booksellers to operate. In an imperfect market, knowledge is both power and money, and specialization allows a dealer to become the master of some domain, no matter how small, that they may know as well as or better than anyone else. It also concentrates the investment in a reference collection and inventory. The up side of this evolution is that a good specialist dealer can bring unprecedented levels of skill and expertise to their topic. The down side is the difficulty of connecting with the potential buyers, or for the nascent customer to attain the confidence level in the dealer that grows from personal contact. It requires that the buyers already know to some degree what they want.
Book fairs sought to solve this problem, by providing a forum where collectors, librarians and dealers could meet, become acquainted, and hopefully do business. Certainly the concept has grown in popularity. From two large and several small fairs a year in 1974, the enterprising attendee could now visit at least one fair per weekend, featuring as many as the 250 exhibitors at the last San Francisco book fair. Fairs are now an integral part of the business, although few large dealers report them accounting for any significant part of their annual sales. For many dealers, they are at least as much a buying opportunity as a place to make sales, and attendance at the smaller regional fairs a more effective form of book scouting than trying to visit a number of booksellers in their homes and shops. The impact and excitement of fairs, however, has certainly been diluted by their ubiquity. The New York book fair in its early days was an event with a capital "E," with a sense that everybody who was anybody in the rare book world was there. It is still an event, and the best such in the world, but there is little opening night glamour to it. On the lower end of the circuit, especially the Provincial Booksellers’ fairs in England, many dealers simply move the same stock from venue to venue, and the attendance at several in succession leaves the visitor with an odd sense of déjà vu.
The paramount problem for most of the trade is inventory: how to find it, how to buy it, how to fund it. These days the right kinds of books sell themselves, especially if they fit the high spot profile. The most difficult aspect of the book business is buying good material at a price that leaves some room for profit. Equally crucial is paying for it. The rare book business is capital intensive. It takes a significant sum of money to build and maintain a large inventory, and most booksellers are badly under-funded. This has always been true to some extent, but the trade is more stratified than ever between the well-capitalized dealers and those who are not.
The cost of building a large inventory has made it harder for young persons to enter the trade. For decades, there has been concern about where the next generation of booksellers will come from. The answer, increasingly, has not been youngsters coming up in the business, but either collectors turning their hobby into an occupation, or persons in middle age entering bookselling as a second career. Both types are more likely to have some capital, but neither are they best suited to insure the continuity of knowledge and tradition that the trade, happily, has still managed to maintain. Having myself started in the business at nineteen, I am deeply conscious of the privilege I had in knowing elder statesmen in the trade whose memories went back to the period of the First World War, and who had known those who preceded them in the late 19th century. Certainly, there are few rare book dealers under forty, and it seems to me entry into the trade has become comparatively more difficult every year since I began selling books in 1975.
Overall, I believe that the rare book trade is healthy, with a broad range of talents and levels, and with a predominance of leading dealers who are still in mid-career. But pressures of supply, competition from the auctions, and capital needs press in and there is little room for complacency.
* * * * *
Finally, I turn to the new frontier of bookselling, the Internet. The potentials and pitfalls of online bookselling and auctions are closely tied to the future of the rare book market. Much has happened already, although the eventual impact of these new markets is still a matter of speculation.
Much of the antiquarian book world embraced computers a long time ago, and the ability to catalogue and arrange a book inventory in a database was a huge step in efficiency. This, and the use of online union catalogues such as the ESTC, made the trade much more prepared to leap with both feet into online selling. No area of the antiques or fine arts business has moved as swiftly to use the Internet as the rare book business.
I think the Internet has been a tremendous boon to the out-of-print and less expensive end of the antiquarian trade. In fact, it has remade those businesses. In the past, the hardest thing to find was an out-of-print but inexpensive book, because it was not worth anyone’s time to look for it. Likewise, the general out-of-print shops suffered from the same malaise that killed the urban general antiquarian business. The online revolution has revitalized many businesses and opened a whole new potential market for rare books.
Last summer I was returning from looking at a book collection in northern Vermont and stopped to see a used book dealer in a small resort town in mid-state. He was busily loading his stock onto one of the online services. In the past, he told me, his store had been barely viable, and virtually dead except for the two months’ windows in summer and winter when the resort was in season. Now he was making fifty sales a day on the Internet, was always busy, and could expand and prosper, while living where he chose in rural Vermont. The Internet had not hurt his open store, it had saved it.
Virtually every bookseller I have talked to has been pleased with their Internet sales. For many, it has been a means of moving almost forgotten inventory, although not without hidden cost in staff time. A major West Coast dealer wrote to me, "We’ve had our stock up for less than a year, but it already represents 50% of our invoices. However, these receipts total less than 5% of our gross sales; an interesting comparison. There is a lot more work involved than it appears in answering the various queries…it has helped us clear out a lot of old stock, a lot of odd-ball, very specific pieces…." Similar comments came from others. The Internet has unquestionably added immensely to the liquidity of the market, moving millions of items from static stock. It has also greatly enhanced the ability of booksellers to connect with customers, especially valuable to the specialists without stores.
Another potential benefit of the Internet is the possibility of acquainting millions of people with the very existence of the out-of-print and rare book markets. Certainly, only a limited number of these will ever participate, but for those that do, the online listings may operate as a single vast generalized antiquarian store. The degree of success of this market so far, as well as the growth of the new book market via Amazon.com and the superstore book chains, can only be heartening to those who value books and literacy. Whether this sense of an expanding market carries into the more expensive antiquarian market remains to be seen. I hear anecdotes of single sales of upper range material, but the vast bulk of transactions are unquestionably in the $500 and under range. My feeling is that the higher end of the market will always require personal contact and the confidence of the buyer in the expertise of the seller. Contacts may be made on-line, but major sales will only come with cultivation.
One aspect of the Internet explosion, and the online listing of millions of books in a few sources, has been to create a far larger source of pricing information than has ever previously existed. The effect of this on the highly imperfect book market will be enormous. Buyers can easily comparison shop, and sellers can deliberately undersell other listings. The individual dealer operating from home will here have the advantage over larger firms with payrolls, rents, and other overhead. Vastly more part-time booksellers will operate on the marginal edge of the business. The result will be an increasingly perfect market on the lower end. To what degree this will affect more expensive books is hard to say. Many dealers do not list the top material in their stock in order to protect their cataloguing information and their prices asked. The Internet is a two-way street, and controlling information will become as important as posting it as the market evolves.
The greatest unknown is the impact of online auctions. Books appear with regularity on eBay, often misdescribed and uncollated. The advent of the amateur bookseller will bring its share of confusion. Sotheby’s promises to launch their first online book sale, after many delays, in January 2000, but is limiting the sellers to an invited group of established dealers. The trade seems deeply divided in their opinions on whether this is a great opportunity or yet another way for the auction houses to do in the dealers. Only actual experience will begin to show us the direction these sales will take. We should remember that playing around with online auctions is time consuming for buyers, too. eBay has already developed a group of junkies who treat it as a giant, endless yard sale.
The Internet and its potentials certainly represent an important aspect of the future of the rare book market, a future that seems inevitably more fast-paced and more competitive. Once again, fewer books are being pursued more quickly by more people. To many of us, this may seem the antithesis of what we seek in the world of rare books.
* * * * *
Let me summarize the market today as I have reviewed it. The dominant theme is the scarcity of material, which has led to ever-sharpening competition, especially for the best pieces. The institutional buyers who led the market from 1945 to 1975 have been largely displaced over the last quarter century by the resurgence of private collectors, who now command the vast majority of the market. This shift, and the changing tastes of the collectors at the top end, have advanced the prices of the best known "high spot" books far more rapidly than the rest of the market, as private buyers tend to focus on a narrower spectrum of material. Changing fashions in collecting have been influenced by the style and nature of the auction houses, who have become important retail outlets over the last twenty years. Their activity, particularly the two major houses, has threatened the traditional role of dealers as vendors and advisors to the collectors who are now the heart of the market. Dealers, in their turn, have generally chosen to concentrate their talents in specialties, where they still possess more knowledge than the rest of the market, and have embraced technology and the Internet to make themselves more efficient and broaden their customer base. All parties are embarking, with gusto or trepidation, on the wide new world of the Internet, whose potential to alter and evolve the rare book market is vast. The traditional market place in rare books is a rapidly changing world.
Amid this swift-paced scene, however, I still find that the elements which drew me to rare books in the first place remain with us. There are vast areas to explore, fields still comparatively undervalued, and great pleasure to be had in assembling a group of related books and learning from their text and format. The rare book market continues to thrive, despite less material, higher prices, and a more competitive world for all concerned. All of us who love the world of books must hope it can continue to do so. | {
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6,101 | Win-Raid Forum (Drivers - Firmware - Modding) » General & Forum related Topics » Off Topic » NSA Starts Contributing Low-Level Code to UEFI BIOS Alternative
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#1 NSA Starts Contributing Low-Level Code to UEFI BIOS Alternative by hancor 22.06.2019 20:16
A delightful article on how the NSA is helping you secure your computer systems....HA! Oh joy...
NSA Starts Contributing Low-Level Code to UEFI BIOS Alternative
https://www.tomshardware.com/news/nsa-co...boot,39704.html
The NSA has started assigning developers to the Coreboot project, which is an open source alternative to Windows BIOS/UEFI firmware. The NSA's Eugene Myers has begun contributing SMI Transfer Monitor (STM) implementation code for the x86 processor. Myers works for NSA’s Trusted Systems Research Group, which according to the agency’s website, is meant to “conduct and sponsor research in the technologies and techniques which will secure America's information systems of tomorrow.”
Can The NSA Be Trusted With Such Low-Level Code?
NSA has worked on security projects embraced by the public before, including Security-Enhanced Linux, a security module for Linux. More recently, the NSA released the Ghidra reverse engineering tool as open source, which has also been adopted by Coreboot developers so that they can more easily reverse-engineer hardware firmware.
Myers published a paper about STM last year on how NSA’s STM implementation could work. All Coreboot code, including all the STM contributions from the NSA, are open source, so anyone could verify that there is no backdoor in there -- in theory.
In practice, the NSA could have also written the code in a less-than-secure way with vulnerabilities that are hard to detect without more experienced security researchers. Alternatively, the NSA could also update this implementation years later, when there are less eyes on the STM implementation and the update would no longer make headlines.
This wouldn’t be completely out of the question for an agency like the NSA. After all, the NSA succeeded in pushing a backdoor through the NIST standardization process years ago. The agency was also accused by EFF co-founder John Gilmore of sabotaging the IPsec protocol by making it too complex to ever be secure (something that would benefit an espionage agency).
More recently, it also tried to push two encryption algorithms through the ISO standardization process, but the reviewers overwhelmingly rejected the algorithms based on trust concerns and NSA’s failure to answer some technical questions.
NSA Low-Level Code In Coreboot
Intel released the STM specification and documentation of the SMT firmware security feature in 2015, six years after the discovery of bypasses against the company’s Trusted Execution Technology, which can be used to ensure that an operating system starts in a trusted environment.
The STM is a hypervisor that launches inside the System Management Mode, which is a “ring -2” isolated environment that offers protected execution against tampering of low-level services, such as power management, security functions, calls to the Trusted Platform Module and so on. STM was initially supposed to work with an Intel TXT launch, but the latest specification allows the STM to work with Intel Virtualization Technology (VT) only. The TXT was not enough to protect these services against attacks, and STM is meant to do that.
Enjoy
#2 RE: NSA Starts Contributing Low-Level Code to UEFI BIOS Alternative by Lost_N_BIOS 22.06.2019 21:07
It wont be long before we're all connected via our minds, and long before that gov will have internal doors anyway, we can only resist so long before it's futile
#3 RE: NSA Starts Contributing Low-Level Code to UEFI BIOS Alternative by hancor 22.06.2019 21:24
Zitat von Lost_N_BIOS im Beitrag #2
It wont be long before we're all connected via our minds, and long before that gov will have internal doors anyway, we can only resist so long before it's futile
Notably, More recently, it also tried to push two encryption algorithms through the ISO standardization process, but the reviewers overwhelmingly rejected the algorithms based on trust concerns and NSA’s failure to answer some technical questions.
So some of the developers are getting wise to this 'help' in securing your system.
In the meantime, whilst on computer act as if you inhabit the old communist East Germany where the "walls have ears"!!
Cheers
#4 RE: NSA Starts Contributing Low-Level Code to UEFI BIOS Alternative by Lost_N_BIOS 22.06.2019 21:36
I don't think anyone should have EVER approved a spying agency to "help" with anything like this, in any way shape or form!
The fact that someone let them "help" with anything at all is a bad sign and it will only get worse now, no matter how much people try to minimize and check it.
@hancor - I just realized, this is in regards to "alternative" BIOS, so now targeting those who are already trying to be secure/off the grid/hidden/encrypted etc.
This makes me wonder how much they're already "Helping" with "mainstream" BIOS
#5 RE: NSA Starts Contributing Low-Level Code to UEFI BIOS Alternative by davidm71 20.07.2019 18:39
Zitat von Lost_N_BIOS im Beitrag #2
It wont be long before we're all connected via our minds, and long before that gov will have internal doors anyway, we can only resist so long before it's futile
I just read that Elan Musk is about to start live human trials of wetware integrated microchips in human beings for the purpose of controlling technology with our minds. So not long at all. Its like already here. | {
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6,102 | Mercedes Benz C-Class W205 Sedan C 200 BlueTEC / d (205.037) 2014 RWD Diesel 1.6L 4cyl 100kW OM 626.951 1598cc 100kW (Diesel)
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If you believe that any information we are holding on you is incorrect or incomplete, please write to or email us as soon as possible at the above address. We will promptly correct any information found to be incorrect. | {
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6,103 | While Microsoft's FY2016 Q2 earnings have been exceptionally high and beating most expectations, their phone division was hit hard. None of that should be surprising for reasons we covered yesterday, but at least, we have an idea of just how bad things are for mobile.
Microsoft reported a 49 percent drop in devices revenue from the last quarter. That brings the number to an estimated 4.5 million Lumias sold for the quarter down from the 10.5 million Lumias from one year ago.
Windows Phone sales in the US plummet to all-time low
While the Lumia 950, Lumia 950 XL and Lumia 550 hit some store shelves this holiday season, there is little argument that most consumers are unaware of the product.
How Microsoft stops their nosediving smartphone story in 2016 remains to be seen. At this time, there does not seem like there is much that can turn this division around. Whatever mobile products are in the pipeline better blow the doors off of anything we have seen thus far.
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RTX Off
FTC obstructs NVIDIA's Arm acquisition with lawsuit
Yet another obstacle has come between NVIDIA's and Arm's pending merger. This time around, it's a full-on lawsuit from the FTC.
Another incomplete Halo game
Halo Infinite multiplayer is fun, but where's the content?
Halo Infinite's core multiplayer gameplay is stellar, but where are the playlists and game modes that Halo fans have come to know and love? Where's the content?
Buyer's guide
Complement your Intel Core i5-12600K with the right RAM for the job
Building new or upgrading to Intel's new 12th Gen Intel Core i5-12600K CPU? Be sure you get the right RAM, whether it's DDR4 or DDR5.
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No spam, we promise. You can unsubscribe at any time and we'll never share your details without your permission. | {
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6,104 | Yeah, it’s true. I ate a complete strangers sh*t (don’t you wish you could’ve smelled my breath afterwards lol joking and EW!). It was the only cure for a terrible illness I contracted just weeks after having my daughter (Ella). Have you ever heard of Clostridium difficile (klos-TRID-e-um dif-uh-SEEL, often referred to as C. difficile or C. diff)? I bet you haven’t, and before this happened, neither had I. It’s a bacterium that attacks the good bacteria in your gut and can cause symptoms ranging from severe diarrhea to life-threatening inflammation of the colon. Clostridium difficile is often contracted amongst the elderly in hospitals or long term care facilities. It can also be contracted through antibiotic use. I personally had exposure to both the hospital (while delivering the baby) and antibiotic use (that began just days following the delivery). So how exactly I contracted C.diff will always remain a mystery (was it the hospital, or the antibiotics?).
It all began with having an upset stomach and puking unexpectedly during one of Ella’s night feedings. I thought it was just my body adjusting and recovering from the sheer hell that was her labour and delivery. However, my mystery illness (at the time) was progressing RAPIDLY & AGGRESSIVELY each and every day. Puking turned into diarrhea, which turned into uncontrollable diarrhea (let’s just say Ella wasn’t the only one wearing diapers for the first four months of her life), which turned into EXTREMELY PAINFUL diarrhea (it honestly felt like I was going through labour every single time I had to drop a load), which turned into pooping STRICTLY blood and mucus (I was having 10-15 instances of diarrhea in one day) and insane weight loss in a very short period of time (every time I ate, I had to run to the restroom...or just sh*t in my diaper...whichever happened first).
P.S. Do you know how unsexy it is to….
Have your husband buy you depends?
Uncontrollably sh*t in the car with your husband and have him lay down a plastic bag for you to sit on until you get home?
Uncontrollably sh*t your pants in his presence on several different occasions and have him bring your bagged dirty diaper and soiled pants/underwear to the garbage out back?
Have him bring several containers of your dump (on numerous occasions) to be tested at medical laboratories?
Just. Horrifying.
Not to get too off topic, but to be completely transparent, postpartum depression was very present. I was terrified of spreading this illness to my newborn baby (as it is very contagious if you aren’t cautious). I couldn’t even care for her properly, bond with her, or really enjoy my time as a new mom because I would spend most of my days in the washroom.
Anyways, back to how and why I had to eat someone else’s feces…
I had sent in samples of my poop to be tested hoping to get some answers. My first diagnostic testing came back negative for C.diff...but people, it was a FALSE NEGATIVE. Undiagnosed and unable to determine what was wrong, I went for months without knowing what it was. It never got better. Finally, I was admitted to the hospital because WE NEEDED ANSWERS. After days and several different methods of testing, it was finally determined that I had C.diff with colitis (extreme inflammation of the inner lining of the colon). Finally! We knew what was wrong. We instantly began treatment (ironically a special type of antibiotic) that supposedly works for the majority of those suffering from C.diff. But it never worked for me. I did 3 rounds of treatment (two, 2-week treatments and one 8 week taper). It was time for me to do my own research and figure out WTF was happening and how to get rid of this so I can start living a normal life again. I discovered what’s called a fecal transplant. A fecal transplant is when a doctor transplants feces from a healthy donor into another person to restore the balance of bacteria in their gut. Fecal transplants can be done through your bum by method of colonoscopy or you can consume the feces in pill form.
One day, after crying for the millionth time (and that getting me absolutely nowhere but more dehydrated), I wrote a very compelling letter to the leading researchers and Doctors of fecal transplants at a hospital in London, Ontario. They wrote me back within minutes saying that cases like mine were very rare and they would be open to treating me as soon as possible as long as they received a referral from my doctor. It took several visits to the London hospital before I could receive my fecal transplant. Since I’m a nice Catholic girl (hehe), I opted for the poop pills instead of the rectal insertion method. The poop pills are made right there in the London hospital with a good old fashioned blender and pill capsules. The day of my transplant, I consumed 20 pills filled with sh*t in one sitting. I was instructed to take one after the other as quickly as I could handle, and with just water. After months of not being able to leave my house and take care of my daughter the way I had hoped and wanted, I took those pills like I was eating a delicious slice of chocolate cake for the first time ever. I would do anything at that point!
Here are some FAQ’s I get from people;
1. Did you taste the poop?
Nope! The Doctor was kind enough to double encapsulate them “just incase”.
2. Did you have poop burps afterwards?
Nope! Not one (thank goodness!).
3. Did you go home and try to french kiss your husband as a cruel joke?
SURE DID!
4. Were the results instant?
YES THEY WERE (praise the Lord!). I went to Chipotles right after leaving the hospital to celebrate ;) Not the safest decision...but it had been off limits for far too long… | {
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IDENTITY
Dan Choi sounds off at Boston gala
by Chuck Colbert
2010-05-01
This article shared 2776 times since Sat May 1, 2010
In the nearly six weeks since his arrest for civil disobedience, Lt. Dan Choi, an Army infantry officer turned gay-rights activist, soldiers: From coast to coast, Choi preservers—speaking out on college campuses and other public venues. His is a one-man advocacy campaign, pressing the president to show more leadership to repeal "don't ask, don't tell."
Despite some criticism for handcuffing himself in uniform to the wrought iron fence surrounding the White House gates, Choi remains unapologetic in taking aim at the commander-in-chief. Choi's beef with the president is this: Obama is not using his bully pulpit strong enough in pressuring Congress to lift the ban on openly gay military service.
What should the president do? Choi insists that the president include repeal language in the Defense Authorization Act of 2010. At the same time, Choi believes the commander-in-chief must immediately issue a "stop-loss" order, thereby putting in place a de facto moratorium on all discharges from the armed forces.
The 28-year-old West Point alumnus served "under don't ask, don't tell ( DADT ) " for 10 years before self-identifying as gay on the Rachel Maddow Show in March 2009. For saying out loud three words, "I am gay," Choi faces a very real possibility any day now, of being discharged.
New guidelines recently announced by Defense Secretary Robert Gates and designed to make implementation of DADT more humane, don't apply in Choi's case. In fact, 80 percent of all gay-related discharges are for telling—not because of jilted lovers or third parties, snitching on ex-partners or buddies. The decorated Army infantryman, an Iraq War veteran and Arabic language specialist, has indeed laid it all on the line, including his career. And no one, he says, will silence Choi, who holds place as a national poster man for repeal-the-ban efforts on Capitol Hill.
In Boston recently, Choi discussed his one-man advocacy. "Some people were pretty nervous, "Choi told a packed ballroom at a black-tie gala fundraiser. "Nervous when I returned to serve with my unit. They thought maybe the Army is trying to get [ me ] to shut up."
"Some people were nervous," he continued, "when I found myself in prison for protesting 'don't ask, don't tell,' in front of the White House." Nervous, Choi continued, "because they thought maybe the federal government was trying to prevent me from coming to such a wonderful event."
"Well, for those of you are nervous—look around," Choi said, referring to the 1,300 ( mostly ) males in attendance at Fenway Health's annual Men's Event.
"I am still standing in front of you today. I am still speaking up, still telling the truth. I am still proud of who I am and still serving my country. And yes, I am still gay."
The audience roared with approval.
Choi traveled to Boston April 10 to receive the prestigious Congressman Gerry Studds Visibility Award from LGBT medical center Fenway Health for Choi's outspoken leadership on the national level.
During an interview afterwards, Choi discussed what he calls "pernicious" the nearly 17-year-old federal law and Defense Department policy that boots gay soldiers who tell the truth about themselves.
Choi has grown impatient, he said, explaining his activism. "Any civil disobedience has to be tied to strategy," he said, referring to his peaceful White House protest on March 18. "As I understand it, the president is the only person right now who can take the lead this year," Choi said.
That's why Choi refuses to let Obama off the hook. The president, he insists, has to include repeal language in the defense bill. It's a strategy that Democrats employed successfully last year to enact hate crimes legislation.
And yet Sen. Carl Levin, D-Mich., chairman of the Senate Armed Services Committee, can also slip repeal language into the defense bill. But, "if Sen. Levi does not have cover through executive action with the defense authorization bill," Choi believes, "it's going to be very difficult for him, particularly this year" to lift the ban.
Because it is federal law, as well as Pentagon policy, repeal of DADT must come legislatively. "Of course, Congress has to repeal the law," Choi said. "We know that." Meanwhile, President Obama could put an end to discharges of gay soldiers by issuing a "stop-loss" order, Choi insists.
Under federal law ( specifically, 10 U.S.C. Sec. 12305 ) , the president, as the commander-in-chief, fact holds power to issue a "stop-loss" an order that would halt, at least temporarily, all pending DADT discharges, including Choi's. As a May 2009 Palm Center report explains, "Congress grants the president authority to suspend the separation of military members during any period of national emergency," such as Iraq and Afghanistan.
Meanwhile, the time clock for congressional action to repeal DADT this year keeps on ticking. Accordingly, Choi's activism gains heightened urgency.
Sure enough, Choi has his critics. In fact, one gay activist called the White House protest "politically unsophisticated beyond belief," adding "It's a shame that our community needs to be educated about the political process and they don't get it," Phil Attey told local gay media in Washington, D.C., "They don't understand that Congress needs to be moved on this issue and that people across the country have the power to do that. And if they're going to get them to yell and scream at the president, we're going to fail, we're going to lose."
But Choi takes exception. "The president said it's our responsibility to keep the pressure on leaders like him," he said, adding that is why "I've got to keep talking and educating people."
Other critics admonish Choi for being arrested in combat fatigues. "The [ military ] uniform is for a purpose," he said. "If we are not using it to stand up to those who are oppressing us, the we are desecrating it."
And yet Choi has strong defenders. Richard Socarides, former White House advisor to President Bill Clinton, offered this perspective: "The president has been slow to act despite his promise to the contrary. To those who complain about Dan's actions, I would say, put yourself in his shoes. He has been mislead by his commander-in-chief, treated as a second class citizen by the country he was willing to give his life for, then told to wait indefinitely for justice, while he faces the loss of his job. I'd say his actions were quite measured under the circumstances."
This article shared 2776 times since Sat May 1, 2010
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6,106 | Michael David 2010 Lust Zinfandel (Lodi) - Shelf Talkers - Wine Enthusiast Buying Guide Michael David 2010 Lust Zinfandel (Lodi)
Designed to be printed in landscape orientation.
84 Points
Michael David 2010 Lust Zinfandel (Lodi)
This wine calls itself “a bit slutty” in its marketing materials and yes, like a high-priced call girl, it's long on perfume and smoke. From there, this gigantic, mind-stopping wine is mouth-filling in vanilla, blackberry, oak and chocolate. You'll need a cigarette after you're done.
— V.B. Published 6/1/2013
84 Points
Michael David 2010 Lust Zinfandel (Lodi)
This wine calls itself “a bit slutty” in its marketing materials and yes, like a high-priced call girl, it's long on perfume and smoke. From there, this gigantic, mind-stopping wine is mouth-filling in vanilla, blackberry, oak and chocolate. You'll need a cigarette after you're done.
— V.B. Published 6/1/2013
84 Points
Michael David 2010 Lust Zinfandel (Lodi)
This wine calls itself “a bit slutty” in its marketing materials and yes, like a high-priced call girl, it's long on perfume and smoke. From there, this gigantic, mind-stopping wine is mouth-filling in vanilla, blackberry, oak and chocolate. You'll need a cigarette after you're done. | {
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6,107 | An Institutional Review Board (IRB) is a committee designated by an institution to review, approve the initiation of, and conduct periodic review of research involving human participants. The primary purpose of such review is to assure the protection of the rights and welfare of the human participants.
After ethically questionable biomedical studies, such as the Tuskegee study in the 1930s, IRBs have been implemented around the world to prevent unethical treatment of human participants. IRBs are currently regulated by the Food and Drug Administration and the National Institutes of Health's (NIH) Office for Human Research Protections (OHRP).
The purpose of the IRB is to inform and protect human participants used in research. This means that the IRB, during its review of a research project and the informed consent, has the right and responsibility to ensure that the research participant is fully informed of the procedures involved in the study as well as the risks and alternative treatments that are available if participation in the study is refused.
What is the Assurance (FWA) number for the IRB?
FWA00000384
Is a Pre-review required?
Yes. All new projects that are requesting Full-Board review must go through the pre-review process before submission will be accepted.
Is the Principal Investigator required to be present at the IRB meeting to present his project?
The principal investigator is required to attend to present his project for the initial review. The PI is not required to attend for amendments, adverse events, continuing reviews or any other submissions unless requested by the IRB.
What is considered "less than minimal risk"?
Minimal risk means that the probability and magnitude of harm or discomfort anticipated in the research are not greater in and of themselves than those ordinarily encountered in daily life or during the performance of routine physical or psychological examinations or tests. If you have specific questions about classifying less than minimal risk please contact the IRB office at (321) 841-5895.
What is the turn-around-time for an expedited review?
A response to the review is usually sent within 7 working days from the date of a complete submission.
Serious Adverse Events and Protocol Deviation Reporting
I just found that a serious adverse event (SAE) occurred to an enrolled research participant. How soon do I need to report this to the IRB?
All serious (e.g., death, life threatening events needing medical intervention, inpatient hospitalization or prolongation of hospitalization) unexpected adverse events attributed to the research intervention must be reported to the IRB within 5 working days from when you found out.
I just found that a protocol deviation occurred. How do I know if it's a major deviation?
A major protocol deviation is defined as a deviation that:
affected the safety of the research participants
violated ethical principles
affected the integrity of the study data
affected the scientific design of the study
How soon do I need to report a major protocol deviation to the IRB?
The protocol deviation must be reported to the IRB within 5 working days from when you found out. If this it is a minor deviation, then the deviation is to be reported in the next continuing review for this study.
Required Training
What are the required training documents for new investigators?
The investigator's most current Curriculum Vitae with the appropriate CITI training (for more information about CITI, click on the link found in the navigation panel on the left) must be required prior to IRB approval of the study the investigator is involved in. NIH Protecting Human Research Participants training (http://phrp.nihtraining.com/users/login.php) will be required for NIH-funded studies.
I did CITI training at another institution. How do I affiliate my training with Orlando Health?
This question is answered on the CITI training page on this website. Click on the link found in the navigation panel on the left.
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6,108 | Be the first to receive special offers, promotions, and other information from WinterKids & WinterWomen! | {
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6,109 | Monkeys may be next in line to receive successful head transplants that enable them to survive "at least for a little while" -- possibly paving the way for similar surgery on humans.
Researchers at China's Harbin Medical University, led by surgeon Xiaoping Ren, are looking to perform the pioneering transplants on long-tailed macaque monkeys after performing similar surgery on more than 1,000 mice.
According to the Wall Street Journal, who shadowed Dr Ren during a 10-hour operation, a mouse was able to move and even open its eyes a few hours after receiving its new head -- although it was unable to survive unaided much longer.
However, Ren and his team claim to be in the process of refining the highly complex and painstaking procedure, using tiny tubes to allow oxygenated blood to travel from the rodents' brains to their new bodies, and monkeys look set to be next under the knife. The surgery will only connect a tiny amount of the primates' spinal nerve fibres, but it's hoped that it should be enough to retain voluntary muscle movement and other of the monkeys' vital functions.
It remains to be seen just how successful the transplants will be, but Ren hopes that his primate patients will enable to survive a short while without life support. But it won't be the first time that such a procedure has been carried out. Back in the 70s, brain surgeon Robert J. White successfully attached one monkey's head to another's body. The measure of the operation's success? When the monkey woke up, it (reportedly...) tried to bite off a doctor's finger.
However, Ren wants to go one step further. He hopes that the research might one day be able to help humans with otherwise healthy brains who have suffered spinal-cord injuries or muscle-wasting conditions that have left them wheelchair bound.
The debate around head transplants has been long-running and dogged by controversy -- from questions surrounding the fairness of such animal testing to the ethical implications if a successful transplant is carried out on humans. Italian neurosurgeon Sergio Canavero has already outlined plans to carry out a full human head transplant in the next two years, on a Russian patient with Werdnig-Hoffmann disease -- although it would technically be more accurate to refer to this as a bodytransplant, as it's the person with the head receiving the new body part. (This isn't to be confused with a whole body transplant, in which an organism's brain is transplanted into the skull of another.)
Beyond the predictable 'Frankenstein' headlines, there are also various obstacles to overcome before the surgery becomes practical for humans, from funding to medical issues, such as how to prevent the human immune system from rejecting a new head.
Speaking to the Wall Street Journal, Robert Truog, director of Harvard Medical School's Center for Bioethics, said he sees head transplants as "something we're going to see over the next however many years".
TopicsScience
WIRED is where tomorrow is realised. It is the essential source of information and ideas that make sense of a world in constant transformation. The WIRED conversation illuminates how technology is changing every aspect of our lives—from culture to business, science to design. The breakthroughs and innovations that we uncover lead to new ways of thinking, new connections, and new industries. | {
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6,110 | A great camera, screen and battery are all wrapped up in a sleek phone that has some great features not seen on handsets four times the price
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Rating: 9/10 | Price: From $279
WIRED
The best camera and screen for the price; giant battery, impressive stereo speakers
TIRED
No 5G, wireless charging or flagship power; adverts within UI
Xiaomi
Xiaomi's launch event for the Redmi Note 10 series must have been an awkward watch for anyone at Samsung. It kitted out the headline features of Xiaomi's latest Redmi: a 108MP Samsung camera sensor and a 120Hz Samsung screen, but the Xiaomi announcement was pretty much a Galaxy A71 bash-a-thon.
Indeed, the Xiaomi Redmi Note 10 outclasses Samsung's mid-ranger in virtually every respect, all the while costing less, with a global price of $279 (around £200). But we seldom see such laser-focused take-downs of just one smartphone at launch events.
A quick look at some numbers, though, and Xiaomi's clearly done its homework. The Galaxy A51 was the best-selling Android phone in Q1 2020 worldwide while the Galaxy A21s was the best-selling Android phone in Germany that year — Germany is a key untapped market for Xiaomi.
The real opportunity, therefore, isn’t to create a £1,000+ S21 Ultra beater; but to create strategic budget wins that look like familiar flagships, and are more likely to steal Samsung Galaxy A-series sales.
This backdrop tidily explains the Redmi Note 10 Pro, a phone that starts from $279 but delivers highlights missing from some $1,000+ flagships — a 120Hz AMOLED display, a huge 5,020mAh battery, fast charging and stereo speakers. Most surprising is the fact it isn't a beast to look at — far from it.
We know Xiaomi handicaps its smartphones with overbearing software, and the Redmi Note 10 Pro misses out on 5G, but do either of those drawbacks really matter when you’re watching Wandavision in all its HDR10 glory and snapping silly-resolution 108MP photos?
Who's it for
Xiaomi
If you don’t mind using a brand of smartphone most people haven’t heard of, then, whatever you’re doing on it, the Xiaomi-made Redmi Note 10 Pro will probably impress you, unless you’re an iPhone user who’s set in their ways.
In particular, the 10 Pro is a great buy for photography fans on a budget; teens and adults alike who fancy something capable but not too costly. Its macro camera opens up creative snapping, while its main 108MP sensor can grab exquisite detail when fed good light and/or a steady hand.
With such a standout screen and stereo speakers, The Redmi Note 10 Pro is a streamer’s dream. Its 20:9 aspect ratio makes it a perfect fit for new cinematic widescreen movies and shows like Mandalorian, and the quality is beyond reproach for the price.
Anyone who needs an Android phone to tide them over between pricey flagships, the Redmi Note 10 Pro is also perfect for you.
Design
At its price, you’re kidding yourself if you’re expecting the Redmi Note 10 Pro to be a fancy glass and metal mix. Instead, it’s one of the best plastic phones we’ve tested.
The fingerprint scanner, for example, is curved to match the rounded frame, and it feels considered; the stepped camera bump is also a clear sibling of that of the flagship Xiaomi Mi 11; the frame’s dual-texture has a buffed flat top, and high-gloss sides.
The Note 10 Pro also has some weight to it at 193g, unsurprising given the huge battery fitted inside. But this actually helps it feel more premium and less plasticky, making for a confident in-hand fit and feel.
With a pre-fitted screen protector atop a Gorilla Glass 5 display, a case in the box and IP53 dust and splash protection, the Redmi Note 10 Pro is also relatively hardy. Its 6.67-inch screen will be too big for some, but if you can learn to love its size, that display is also one of its best features.
Living with it
Xiaomi
You wake up in the morning, it’s a duvet day. Still in bed, you grab the Note 10 Pro and its screen’s crusty-morning-eye-friendly low minimum brightness starts the day wince-free.
You know you shouldn’t first thing after waking up, but you still open Twitter for a morning fix — swipe, scroll, swipe, scowl, swear after being duped by a promoted tweet. And as your feed glides across the screen at 120Hz, you forget you’re on a budget phone.
Out of bed, think about meditating or exercising, but then decide to keep your brain wired with a podcast. Bluetooth speaker? Naah, let’s get full-on lazy and listen on the Redmi Note 10 Pro’s teeny tiny speakers. Against all odds, its stereo sound isn’t ear-splitting. It’s actually good for the size and price.
Eating breakfast and you fire up Disney+. HDR 10 means shows like Wandavision look brilliant, with the Samsung-made screen’s contrast ratio being on-point. Even if you decide to read, the Redmi Note 10 Pro’s monochromatic reading mode can add a subtle paper texture to the inky AMOLED screen, making it feel more eReader than smartphone — wonderful stuff.
Mask up, pop to the post office, and there’s a queue. Bored, you pull out Bluetooth headphones, but they’re out of battery. Rummage through your bag and there’s a tangled old pair of original iPhone SE wired buds — victory. Plug’em into the Redmi Note 10 Pro’s 3.5 mm jack (nostalgia), and Susie Dent’s in your ear in podcast form making you feel instantly smarter.
On your way home, you snap a photo of the postal receipt, and it isn’t a blurry grainy mess.
A few days with the Redmi Note 10 illustrates how Xiaomi’s made something of an all-purpose phone. It doesn’t even sink when gaming, with Genshin Impact playing back smoothly on default low-graphic settings.
Killer feature
Xiaomi
The Redmi 10 Pro excels when it comes to imaging. From its screen and that air-hockey-puck-gliding 120Hz refresh rate floatiness to its camera, which climbs up to a staggering 108MP.
Getting into specs for a second, $279 gets you a wide Full HD 1080 x 2400 screen, which is sharper than an iPhone 11, but not quite as sharp as an iPhone 12. It’s AMOLED, which is usually a mark of greatness, and won the Realme 7 Pro a glowing recommendation given its budget price.
Powered by a Snapdragon 732G, the phone doesn’t have a rockstar chipset, but it still keeps the UI snappy and the swipes and taps fluid. The only slowdown we experienced was when the phone saved big-pixel-count photos, which kept us waiting a second before viewing an image we’d just taken.
In addition to its 108MP main camera, the Redmi Note 10 Pro features an 8MP ultra-wide lens for action-cam-a-like shots, and a 5MP macro camera, which, thanks to autofocus, isn’t a massive waste of space. There’s also a depth sensor for good measure.
It’s a shame the main camera lens isn’t optically stabilised, as occasional handshake can scupper potentially stunning shots in middling light. If you’ve got a steady hand, though, you’ll be blown away by the photos you can get for $279. Solid hardware is also backed up by impressive shooting modes: manual photo and video with RAW capture; a comprehensive portrait mode; 108MP mode (photos are taken at 12MP by default), and the list goes on.
Even nice-to-haves, like the selfie camera and 4K video recording, perform very well at the phone’s price, instantly making it our favourite affordable camera phone. The Note 10 Pro also starts with 64GB storage, and has an SD slot, so tonnes of potential space for photos and videos, or you can pay extra for the 128GB version.
Why oh why...
The best camera in the world can’t detract from the Redmi Note 10 Pro’s adverts. Yep. Ads for third-party apps pop up when you install a new app. They’re pretty gross, but you can turn them off. Nevertheless, to get away with such an eye-sore, the Note 10 Pro would have to be the best phone money can buy at its price, which, as you’ve probably gathered by now, it is.
So, should I buy it?
If Xiaomi wanted to break the West, they picked a perfect Trojan Horse. We can see the (on the surface) unremarkable Redmi Note 10 Pro quietly crop up as people search for their next phone, wooing potential buyers with its accessible price, great reviews and fantastically curated features compared to the establishment — the Samsung Galaxy A-series.
Optional extras that, practically speaking, are useless to many right now (we’re looking at you 5G) are missing from Xiaomi’s latest Redmi phone. Instead, it’s got a best-in-class screen and camera, excellent battery life with fast charging, not to mention standout design for the price.
We can’t think of a more compromise-free budget phone than the Note 10 Pro, it really is that simple.
The Xiaomi-made Redmi Note 10 Pro is available to buy from Amazon.
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TopicsPhonesGear
WIRED is where tomorrow is realised. It is the essential source of information and ideas that make sense of a world in constant transformation. The WIRED conversation illuminates how technology is changing every aspect of our lives—from culture to business, science to design. The breakthroughs and innovations that we uncover lead to new ways of thinking, new connections, and new industries. | {
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6,111 | Yahoo is clawing its way back from the grave with style. Today it introduces two apps to its mobile repertoire, Yahoo! Weather and a tablet version of its Yahoo! Mail app.
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Yahoo is clawing its way back from the grave with style. Today it introduces two apps to its mobile repertoire, Yahoo! Weather and a tablet version of its Yahoo! Mail app.
Before you yawn at yet another mail app and yet another weather app, give them a gander. Yahoo is taking a completely user-centric approach to product creation, mobile chief Adam Cahan said. After looking at what users have been doing with its current mobile apps and figuring out why they're doing it, Yahoo has honed in on new ways to optimize user experience -- and make them look pretty darn good in the process.
Take Yahoo! Mail's tablet app, for instance. The team found most tablet owners spend a lot of time reading email in the morning, in the evening and on weekends. Despite the amount of time spent reading email, it is surprising so few tablet email apps offer full-screen viewing. Yahoo! Mail offers a chrome-less fullscreen viewing mode that gives way to iBook- or Flipboard-style page flipping, allowing you to flick through your email page by page, as it were. If page flipping isn't your style, you can tap the edge of the screen to navigate from one email to the next.
For those of us whose inboxes are inundated with hundreds of new emails each morning, Yahoo! Mail's tablet app offers a convenient list view for managing the sorting of emails into folders, archives and the trash bin. It shows you how many emails you've received from a particular contact (Foursquare, your boss, your mom) by sender, and with a swipe and a tap, you can remove it from your inbox. It makes me want to start using my Yahoo email address for more than just spam.
Yahoo also managed to spruce up the traditional interface of a weather app. Yahoo! Weather, available only on iOS for now, uses images sourced from the company's Flickr community to tell you and show you what the weather is like in your town with a luscious fullscreen image. It's a bit reminiscent of Weather HD, but with an ever-growing source of high-quality images (each of which is tagged with the weather conditions, time of day, and location) instead of generic animation of sunshine or storm clouds.
The decision to use Flickr content is a clever way of using some of Yahoo's best user-provided resources while getting people more involved with Flickr by taking and submitting their own photos for the app.
Of course, the app also provides your usual weather stats. The current temperature is shown in the lower left corner of the main app interface, and more detailed information like hourly conditions, humidity, and a precipitation map can be accessed with a swipe upwards. You can also save favorite locales besides where you are currently, accessed by swiping sideways.
Yahoo! Mail is available from the App Store and Google Play. Yahoo! Weather is iOS only and available in the App Store.
Yahoo! Mail arrives for iOS and Android tablets. Image courtesy Yahoo
TopicsAppsiosYahoo
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US, Russia seal Syria cease-fire, new military partnership
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Updated: 6:53 PM CDT Sep 9, 2016
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U.S. Secretary of State John Kerry and Russian Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov hold a press conference following their meeting in Geneva, where they discussed the crisis in Syria.
SOURCE: Kevin Lamarque/Pool Photo via AP
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Updated: 6:53 PM CDT Sep 9, 2016
The United States and Russia early Saturday announced a breakthrough agreement on Syria that foresees a nationwide cease-fire starting next Monday, followed a week later by an unlikely new military partnership between the rival governments targeting the Islamic State and al-Qaida. U.S. Secretary of State John Kerry said shortly after midnight that the plan could reduce violence in Syria and lead to a long-sought political transition, ending more than five years of bloodshed. He called the deal a potential "turning point" in a conflict that has killed as many as 500,000 people, if complied with by Syria's Russian-backed government and U.S.-supported rebel groups. The cease-fire begins at sundown Sept. 12, Kerry said, coinciding with the Muslim Eid al-Adha holiday. Kerry's negotiating partner, Russian Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov, confirmed the agreement and said it could help expand the counterterrorism fight and aid deliveries to Syrian civilians. He said Syrian President Bashar Assad's government was prepared to comply. "This is just the beginning of our new relations," Lavrov said. The deal culminates months of frenetic diplomacy that included four meetings between Kerry and Lavrov since Aug. 26, and a lengthy face-to-face in China between Presidents Barack Obama and Vladimir Putin. The arrangement hinges on Moscow pressuring Assad's government to halt all offensive operations against Syria's armed opposition and civilian areas. Washington must persuade "moderate" rebels to break ranks with the Nusra Front, al-Qaida's Syria affiliate, and other extremist groups. Both sides have failed to deliver their ends of the bargain over several previous truces. But the new arrangement goes further by promising a new U.S.-Russian counterterrorism alliance, only a year after Obama chastised Putin for a military intervention that U.S. officials said was mainly designed to keep Assad in power and target more moderate anti-Assad forces. Russia, in response, has chafed at America's financial and military assistance to groups that have intermingled with the Nusra Front on the battlefield. Kerry said it would be "wise" for opposition forces to separate completely from Nusra, a statement Lavrov hailed. "Going after Nusra is not a concession to anybody," Kerry said. "It is profoundly in the interests of the United States." The military deal would go into effect after both sides abide by the truce for a week and allow unimpeded humanitarian deliveries. Then, the U.S. and Russia would begin intelligence sharing and targeting coordination, while Assad's forces would no longer be permitted to target Nusra any longer; they would be restricted to operations against the Islamic State. The proposed level of U.S.-Russian interaction has upset several leading national security officials in Washington, including Defense Secretary Ash Carter and National Intelligence Director James Clapper, and Kerry only appeared at the news conference after several hours of internal U.S. discussions. At one point, Lavrov said he was considering "calling it a day" on talks, expressing frustration with what he described as an hours-long wait for a U.S. response. He then presented journalists with several boxes of pizza, saying, "This is from the U.S. delegation," and two bottles of vodka, adding, "This is from the Russian delegation." The Geneva negotiating session, which last more than 13 hours, underscored the complexity of a conflict that includes myriad militant groups, shifting alliances and the rival interests of the U.S. and Russia, Saudi Arabia and Iran, and Turkey and the Kurds. Getting Assad's government and rebel groups to comply with the deal may now be more difficult as fighting rages around the divided city of Aleppo, Syria's most populous and the new focus of a war that has killed as many as 500,000 people. Assad's government appeared to tighten its siege of the former Syrian commercial hub in the last several days, seizing several key transit points. Forty days of fighting in Aleppo has killed nearly 700 civilians, including 160 children, according to a Syrian human rights group. Volunteer first responders said they pulled the bodies of nine people, including four children, from rubble following air raids Friday on a rebel-held area. Kerry outlined several steps the government and rebels would have to take. They must now pull back from demilitarized zones, and allow civilian traffic and humanitarian deliveries. But as with previous blueprints for peace, Saturday's plan appears to lack enforcement mechanisms. Russia could, in theory, threaten to act against rebel groups that break the deal. But if Assad bombs his opponents, the U.S. is unlikely to take any action against him given Obama's longstanding opposition to entering the civil war. In addition to those killed, Syria's conflict has chased millions of people from their homes, contributing to Europe's worst refugee crisis since World War II. Amid the chaos of fighting between Syria's government and rebels, the Islamic State group has emerged as a global terror threat.
GENEVA —
The United States and Russia early Saturday announced a breakthrough agreement on Syria that foresees a nationwide cease-fire starting next Monday, followed a week later by an unlikely new military partnership between the rival governments targeting the Islamic State and al-Qaida.
U.S. Secretary of State John Kerry said shortly after midnight that the plan could reduce violence in Syria and lead to a long-sought political transition, ending more than five years of bloodshed. He called the deal a potential "turning point" in a conflict that has killed as many as 500,000 people, if complied with by Syria's Russian-backed government and U.S.-supported rebel groups.
The cease-fire begins at sundown Sept. 12, Kerry said, coinciding with the Muslim Eid al-Adha holiday.
Kerry's negotiating partner, Russian Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov, confirmed the agreement and said it could help expand the counterterrorism fight and aid deliveries to Syrian civilians. He said Syrian President Bashar Assad's government was prepared to comply.
"This is just the beginning of our new relations," Lavrov said.
The deal culminates months of frenetic diplomacy that included four meetings between Kerry and Lavrov since Aug. 26, and a lengthy face-to-face in China between Presidents Barack Obama and Vladimir Putin. The arrangement hinges on Moscow pressuring Assad's government to halt all offensive operations against Syria's armed opposition and civilian areas. Washington must persuade "moderate" rebels to break ranks with the Nusra Front, al-Qaida's Syria affiliate, and other extremist groups.
Both sides have failed to deliver their ends of the bargain over several previous truces.
But the new arrangement goes further by promising a new U.S.-Russian counterterrorism alliance, only a year after Obama chastised Putin for a military intervention that U.S. officials said was mainly designed to keep Assad in power and target more moderate anti-Assad forces.
Russia, in response, has chafed at America's financial and military assistance to groups that have intermingled with the Nusra Front on the battlefield. Kerry said it would be "wise" for opposition forces to separate completely from Nusra, a statement Lavrov hailed.
"Going after Nusra is not a concession to anybody," Kerry said. "It is profoundly in the interests of the United States."
The military deal would go into effect after both sides abide by the truce for a week and allow unimpeded humanitarian deliveries. Then, the U.S. and Russia would begin intelligence sharing and targeting coordination, while Assad's forces would no longer be permitted to target Nusra any longer; they would be restricted to operations against the Islamic State.
The proposed level of U.S.-Russian interaction has upset several leading national security officials in Washington, including Defense Secretary Ash Carter and National Intelligence Director James Clapper, and Kerry only appeared at the news conference after several hours of internal U.S. discussions.
At one point, Lavrov said he was considering "calling it a day" on talks, expressing frustration with what he described as an hours-long wait for a U.S. response. He then presented journalists with several boxes of pizza, saying, "This is from the U.S. delegation," and two bottles of vodka, adding, "This is from the Russian delegation."
The Geneva negotiating session, which last more than 13 hours, underscored the complexity of a conflict that includes myriad militant groups, shifting alliances and the rival interests of the U.S. and Russia, Saudi Arabia and Iran, and Turkey and the Kurds.
Getting Assad's government and rebel groups to comply with the deal may now be more difficult as fighting rages around the divided city of Aleppo, Syria's most populous and the new focus of a war that has killed as many as 500,000 people.
Assad's government appeared to tighten its siege of the former Syrian commercial hub in the last several days, seizing several key transit points. Forty days of fighting in Aleppo has killed nearly 700 civilians, including 160 children, according to a Syrian human rights group. Volunteer first responders said they pulled the bodies of nine people, including four children, from rubble following air raids Friday on a rebel-held area.
Kerry outlined several steps the government and rebels would have to take. They must now pull back from demilitarized zones, and allow civilian traffic and humanitarian deliveries.
But as with previous blueprints for peace, Saturday's plan appears to lack enforcement mechanisms. Russia could, in theory, threaten to act against rebel groups that break the deal. But if Assad bombs his opponents, the U.S. is unlikely to take any action against him given Obama's longstanding opposition to entering the civil war.
In addition to those killed, Syria's conflict has chased millions of people from their homes, contributing to Europe's worst refugee crisis since World War II. Amid the chaos of fighting between Syria's government and rebels, the Islamic State group has emerged as a global terror threat.
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6,113 | Are you looking to find Can I Use Grammarly Offline In Microsof Word?…One of the transcription platforms that I recommend you use a tool called Grammarly to help you check your work for any punctuation or spelling errors.
In today, I’m going to compare Free Online Writing support with their premium membership plan. To download, Free Online Composing assistant and follow in addition to me in this tutorial, click my recommendation link in the description below. Of all, I desire to say that I am astonished at how much this complimentary tool has to use. I’m not even talking today about the premium variation. I’m talking about the totally free variation which is free permanently. I constantly assumed that you could only take advantage of. If you had the premium subscription, and I was wrong. Their totally free tool is incredible. And I 100% advise that you download it. You can utilize this both as an extension for Firefox and for Google Chrome. Again, go to the description below and click on my link. And as soon as you click the link, it’ll direct you to this page and will inform you to click to add it either to Firefox or to Chrome. So I’m going to click Contribute to Firefox it’s free. Click Continue to installation and click Include. And now we can click okay got it. I am going to show you the complimentary variation first and then I’m going to compare it with the premium version and see what you get what you do not get and which one I recommend for you. I’m going to click got it trigger and then you’re going to go ahead and install it by putting in your email and your password. You can likewise join Facebook or Google or your Apple account. Okay, so right here is the app.
Is Grammarly for free?
And when you click on it, they’re informing you that you require to write work, not where to just click and it fixes it for you. Here, they’re informing you that there ought to be an apostrophe it should be I’m so you click that and they’ve remedied it. Now, if you click here, they’re informing us that really is unneeded in the sentence, think about eliminating it.
The next one, they are going to start offering raises to the accounting department. I click on that, they’ve told me that we require to alter this to there are they are, so we’re going to use their by the way. We’re going to click here, Kyle’s retirement party, I require you to bring napkins, cups and paper plates.
Does it steal your data?
I will bring them if I am feeling better and able to go, I have to see what Dr. Thompson says first. Okay, here, they haven’t acknowledged that this ought to be capitalized Dr. Thompson. So they have actually missed that. I hope you feel better soon. Keep in mind to get great deals of rest. Thanks for the advice. Okay, here, we’re going to click on suggestions. Okay, so now that we’ve gone through that, they’re informing us that there are a couple of little other things that they will only inform us about if we get the premium. So they’re stating to us, they understand that this is a problem that we need to repair. Possibly, this is a problem, maybe this maybe this and possibly this. They’re providing you a clue that there are six other writing issues that are only readily available for premium users, but on the whole, they have actually fixed a lot of various mistakes for us already, simply based in the free version. Okay, I want to reveal you something else that’s actually cool in the complimentary variation of once you have set up the extension, either on Chrome or Firefox, and let’s say I’m writing an e-mail to someone. You can see here that will be assisting you anytime you’re typing in anything while you’re utilizing your browser. Let’s say for example, I am sending out in an e-mail, I’m trying to get a task, or maybe I’m using Upwork or Fiverr. And I’m attempting to draw up something in English and I wish to make certain it’s perfect will assist you and you don’t have to copy and paste. For example, to your hiring manager. See here, I was going to put statement and they’re instantly informing me that that’s the word I’m most likely going to utilize. I can go ahead and click the arrow button over.
Is Grammarly really worth it?
And as you can see, if we go back here to Firefox, even though they haven’t informed us what these mistakes are, what I do like is that they are sort of directing you telling you that there is an error there. Even if you don’t buy the premium subscription, however you state, alright, something’s wrong with this, I’m going to have to look at this and see what requires to be changed, or, fine, they’re telling me there’s an error here, I need to figure out what this mistake is. And I’m going to go into my premium account and see what other errors they’re informing us that they have actually found here to see if it’s worth it to get premium.
7 Day Free Trial
Like that would be an actually rude thing to say. So something like this is extremely valuable for someone whose native language is not English. I’m simply going to go on and click Done. Due to the fact that for us, we’re not really thinking about changing the text. We just wish to make certain the punctuation and whatever is right. Let’s go to back to the top here, says hey, john, how are you feeling? They desire us to add a comma, which is right after you state hi, john, or Hey, anyone, you should put a comma there? How are you feeling? And now they’re letting us understand that we require to capitalize john as well since it is a proper noun. Hey, john, how are you feeling? So the something they have not caught the premium here, I put the letter R instead of AR t due to the fact that I was checking if they would inform me that this is incorrect. I’m going to alter that myself to R and see if they will capture that this must be a question mark. Okay, as quickly as I did that, they caught it They want you to put an enigma. So that’s good. Thanks for asking jack. I’m okay, but have been feeling pretty rough the last week, Did I miss anything at work? Now here I would wish to put a comma. I’ve added that comma here myself. We had a huge meeting last Friday. Okay, here they want us to put a comma, it appears that you are missing a comma prior to the coordinating combination, and in a substance sentence, consider adding a comma. So we’ll include the comma. And they told us that they’re going to offer us a race and they’re informing us we require to include a punctuation mark at the end. When we ‘d get the race, I can’t believe it did they tell you. So here I was hoping they would tell me that we need an apostrophe here since I’m this need to be wheat as in we would. I’m going to add that in myself. extra money would actually impact my household, they’re going to begin providing raises to the accounting department first, by the way, next week is called retirement celebration, I require you to bring napkins, cups and paper plates. Again, here, they’re informing us we need to put a comma, which is right. You might also include a comma here. And it appears that this sentence includes a series of 3 or more clauses, expressions or words, consider inserting a comma to separate the elements. Okay, I will bring them if I am feeling much better and able to go, I have to see what Dr. Thompson says first. Here, they have not caught that we require to capitalize the D or put up or put a duration after Dr. Since this is the title. I’m going to put it myself. Dr. Thompson, let’s see if they capture. Okay, so when I capitalized the D, they were letting me understand, I need to put a punctuation mark there. I hope you feel better soon. Keep in mind to get lots of rest. If I click on that, here, they’re saying you appear to have 2 independent stipulations incorrectly joined with a comma, consider correcting the comma splice. They are letting me understand that I require that this is a comma splice, and this is not an appropriate the correct usage of a comma. I have to put a duration and capitalize R. Or I might likewise use a semi colon here, I’m going to put a period and put an R Keep in mind to get lots of rest. What would take place out of interest, if I put a semi colon. Excellent, a semi colon would also be correct. Now if I click on accuracy, it’s saying looking great, whatever’s great. Here, if I click on clarity, it’s informing me that it’s very clear. If I click on engagement, saying it’s extremely engaging, delivery, just right, design guide all excellent. And if for whatever factor you wished to inspect plagiarism, you could click on this link plagiarism.|They want us to add a comma, which is correct after you state hey, john, or Hey, anyone, you should put a comma there? Okay, here they desire us to put a comma, it appears that you are missing out on a comma before the coordinating combination, and in a substance sentence, think about adding a comma. They are letting me know that I need that this is a comma splice, and this is not an appropriate the proper use of a comma.}
Download the chrome extension
And it will do a search and it says appears like your text is 100% original, we discovered no matching text in our databases or on the internet. That’s fantastic to understand. If you you understand paid somebody to do a writing for you and you desired to examine that it was initial, particularly. Okay, I likewise want to rapidly reveal you a demo using the e-mail of the premium. Let’s say I composed this fast little email and I wished to check whatever was okay. Go on and click Open. And it’ll inform you everything about it. It says you nailed it sounds positive. If you click on that the tone detector it states you sound positive, positive and friendly and they provided me a score of 100. You can also click on their demonstration file if we go back to. And here it will show you all of the various things that it helps you with it assists you with grammatical mistakes. highlighted in blue show the has actually spotted a sentence that is needlessly long-winded. So this would be handy if you were a writer and you wished to fix your sentences and make them sound more concise and more clear. Now we’re back here at my grammar demonstration for premium. Therefore total my impression of is that it is an excellent tool, both the complimentary version and the premium version. Now neither were ideal. As you can see, I still had a few various errors that I had to correct myself in the premium version. But that is simply essentially due to the fact that I don’t believe we’re at that level right now where a computer can be 100% perfect. Due to the fact that I purposefully made these errors, there were a few things that they didn’t catch. The complimentary version was amazing. It assisted me with all sorts of different mistakes that I made. And even if you do not have the premium version, they will still inform you that there are additional errors you need to look out for. They just will not tell you what they are. So what I like about that is they inform you where the errors are. You can sort of think for yourself, all right, do I need to include a period or include a punctuation mark or semi colon? Can I Use Grammarly Offline In Microsof Word
And this is also why it is so important to study the right punctuation rules in English so that you can be aware of what these mistakes might be. If you are a transcriptionist or a writer, I suggest 100% that you download. Now who do I recommend premium for premium is not low-cost. For example, if I return here and I click go premium, you can see that it offers you whatever included in complimentary and after that also clarity focused sentence rewrites tone adjustments, plagiarism detection, word option, procedure level, fluency and extra innovative ideas. You can see here that they have premium and likewise service and they start at 1166 a month. You’ll see that that is just if you are interested in paying for a complete year if you click get started. So other smart it’s 26 euro or $30 a month. Nevertheless, the complimentary strategy is complimentary forever. When would I recommend someone get premium. If you are a transcriptionist and you are working for a company like transcribe me, or rev or QA world or scrivi, you will understand that it takes a great deal of time to earn even $1 even $5 not to mention $30 a month. So unless you are transcribing a lot of files and you are making over $100 a month as a transcriptionist, I would not advise you get the premium because it might not be worth it for you. However, if you are a transcriptionist, and you have ongoing transcription work, perhaps you are a freelance transcriptionist and you get your customers from Upwork or Fiverr. Or you simply have a client that you work with that you found on YouTube and you do all their subtitles for them. Paying an additional 11 a month if you were able to get the year long membership or the quarterly membership might be worth it. | {
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Apartment building gets council support over neighbor opposition
Published
8 months ago
on
April 9, 2021
By
Brad Williams
It looks like apartments will replace the former Big Brothers Big Sisters office on 5th Avenue in La Crosse, despite opposition from neighbors.
The city council has approved a zoning change to allow an apartment complex to be built there.
Council member Chris Kahlow points out many vocal objections have come from the Washburn neighborhood.
“More than 20 per cent of the neighbors did file legal objections, and I’ve had quite a few phone calls on this issues as well,” said Kahlow, “and I think that we should just support the neighbors on this item since I feel and trust that they know what’s best for their neighborhood.”
Another member of the council, Doug Happel,
is concerned about reducing homelessness.
“The people who are working at the restaurants downtown who are not making a lot of money need to have a place to live,” said Happel. “Otherwise, we have homeless people.”
The 10-to-2 vote by the council on the re-zoning marked a turnaround at City Hall. In March, one council committee had opposed the zoning change, only to reverse itself this month.
Councilman Gary Padesky says people were opposed to building the La Crosse Center 40 years ago, and he suggests La Crosse “wouldn’t have a downtown” any more without that civic center.
Padesky, from the 7th district, did not seek another term in this week’s election, and he chose to resign after last night’s council session instead of staying until the new council members are sworn in April 20th. He will continue to represent the same neighborhood on the La Crosse County Board.
Related Topics:5th Avenueapartment complexBig Brothers Big Sistershomelessnessla crosse city councillow-incomewashburn neighborhood
Brad Williams
A native of Prairie du Chien, Brad graduated from UW - La Crosse and has worked in radio news for more than 30 years, mostly in the La Crosse area. He regularly covers local courts and city and county government. Brad produces the features "Yesterday in La Crosse" and "What's Buried on Brad's Desk." He also writes the website "Triviazoids," which finds odd connections between events that happen on a certain date, and he writes and performs with the local comedy group Heart of La Crosse. Brad been featured on several national TV programs because of his memory skills. | {
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6,115 | One of the five Houston pastors subpoenaed by his city for sermons and other communications regarding homosexuality told WND he's a little surprised by the national attention given the dispute.
Dave Welch, executive director of the Houston area U.S. Pastor Council, said it was "just one of those God things."
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"I don't think anyone could have remotely predicted the level of response from the nation," Welch told WND on Monday.
"It just hit a nerve. It was just one of those 'ah-ha' moments where the veil of how far we are down the road to tyranny was pulled back," he said. "For some reason, thankfully, it still reveals some reverence for the church and religion."
TRENDING: Watch: Fed-up small business owner has 2 words for Biden when asked what president needs to do
WND broke the story a week ago of the city's response to a lawsuit against an ordinance passed in May that allows "gender confused" people to use public facilities designated for the opposite sex. Opponents of the Equal Rights Ordinance sued when their apparently successful petition drive to place the issue on the election ballot was tossed out. They charge City Attorney Dave Feldman and Mayor Annise Parker, a lesbian, summarily dismissed thousands of valid signatures. In the discovery process for a scheduled January trial, the city subpoenaed Welch and four other pastors for any sermons or church communications that mention the ordinance or the mayor. Though they have been active opponents of the law, the five pastors are not party to the lawsuit.
WND reported outrage from across the nation ensued, and lawyers with the Alliance Defending Freedom asked a court to throw out the subpoenas. Amid the protest, city officials at first doubled down, with Parker stating, "If the 5 pastors used pulpits for politics, their sermons are fair game." But Houston officials then said they would narrow the scope of their demand to "speeches" instead of sermons, a move ADF legal counsel Joe La Rue said was "wholly inadequate."
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Christiana Holcom, ADF litigation counsel, dismissed the notion that the city had in any way backed off.
"The shame that the city of Houston has brought upon itself is real, but the claim that it has changed course is not. The city has so far taken no concrete action to withdraw the subpoenas. Furthermore, the subpoenas themselves are the problem – not just their request for pastors' sermons," she said.
Monday was the due date for a city response to an order by the state Supreme Court to justify the rejection of thousands of signatures. Welch also said the pastors were awaiting a ruling on whether or not the subpoenas would be canceled by the courts.
Welch said the city's demand for the sermons is generating a huge wave of opposition. Rallies are being planned, including one two days before the mid-term elections, and local officials are facing protest from their friends, neighbors and business acquaintances.
"This is not just a traditional, religious conservative issue," he said. "It hits home for [many] people."
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He said even civil libertarians who might not otherwise be on the side of churches are coming forward in support of free speech and religious rights.
"We've been fighting to expose the highjacking of the civil rights movement, to stop them from gaining this ground," Welch said.
Flood of sermons
Former Arkansas Gov. Mike Huckabee suggested every pastor across America send Houston Mayor Annise Parker a sermon and urged others to send her Bibles. Several pastors reported to WND they were sending sermons.
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Martial arts champion, film and television star and now social activist Chuck Norris wondered how government officials could not realize "a sermon is a speech."
"Such action reminds me of the words of Forrest Gump and his mother, 'Stupid is as stupid does,'" he wrote.
He provided the mayor's contact information for those who want to voice their opposition:
Mayor Annise D. Parker
City of Houston
P.O. Box 1562 Houston, Texas 77251
Phone: (713) 837-0311
Email: [email protected]
Members of Congress and pastors from other cities have expressed alarm.
In a weekend statement, Senior Pastor Wilfredo De Jesus of New Life Covenant Church in Chicago said: "It's a sad day in the United States of America, in the land of the free, when the First Amendment rights of religious leaders are being trampled on by a mayor for political gain and/or exposure."
He said pastors have an obligation to share the Gospel.
"I accept the fact that what I preach may be considered by some as controversial and not accepted as popular. What I will not accept is a government body deploying bullying tactics that perpetuate an environment of hate toward Christians and bigotry toward our Christian beliefs," he said.
Huckabee wants to see Parker receive "thousands and thousands of sermons and Bibles."
Several petitions have been launched in support of the pastors, including one from Faith Driven Consumer that calls for an end to the "aggressive bullying" of the pastors. It set a goal of 10,000 signatures.
Founder Chris Stone said he wants the city "to unequivocally reverse course and end their harassment of five respected area pastors."
A petition by Family Research Council had more than 35,000 signatures heading into the weekend.
WND columnist Rev. Jesse Lee Peterson called Parker's actions an "unprecedented attack against religious freedom and free speech rights."
"Christian pastors threaten the LGBT's scheme to normalize abhorrent behavior. If we don't stop the attack on these Houston pastors, the left will surely be emboldened to use their Gestapo-like tactics against any other group that opposes them, and we'll end up like Canada," he said.
Norris said: "If [City Attorney David] Feldman and Parker need a primer on the First Amendment, then let them know that America's founders drafted it even to protect political speech by preachers!"
He continued: "I'm a Texan and it chaps my hide when some homegrown kibosh of the U.S. Constitution originates in the Lone Star State. We, above all, should be leading the way in liberty. I respect all people and persuasions, but Parker and Feldman's move is nothing but a political maneuver to suppress dissenting voice and religious opinion.
"I dislike vulgar, profane and hate language as much as anyone. But America has a protection for its expression: It's called the First Amendment, and I am tired of people trampling it by wrongly interpreting it as a right for only feel-good expression. Even hate language is protected under that leading tenet of our Bill of Rights."
One of the other subpoenaed pastors is Khanh Huynh of the Vietnamese Baptist Church in Houston, who lived under the communist regime in Vietnam before participating in the great boatlift.
In an interview, he told WND he left Vietnam because of the repression and absence of freedom of religion, speech and association.
Describing the city's move as an "intimidation tactic," Huynh told WND that as a pastor and Christian, he must express perspectives on moral issues "without government oversight."
"We voice our opinion. We're standing for righteousness on a moral issue. The issue is that we have got to stand up for our belief," he explained. "We will not back down."
Sen. Ted Cruz, R-Texas, called the subpoenas "unbefitting of Texans, and it's un-American."
Sen. Rand Paul, R-Ky., joined him.
"I stand with the pastors and churches in Houston against government interference and harassment," he said.
Paul noted the First Amendment "doesn't exist to keep religion out of government."
"It exists to keep government out of religion."
Enabling sexual predators
The lawsuit challenging Houston's Equal Rights Ordinance alleges the city violated its own charter in its adoption of the law, which in May designated homosexuals and transgender persons as a protected class.
Critics say the measure effectively enables sexual predators who dress as women to enter female public bathrooms, locker rooms and shower facilities. A coalition of activists that includes area pastors filed suit Aug. 6 against the city and Parker after officials announced a voter petition to repeal the measure didn't have enough signatures to qualify for the election ballot.
According to a deposition from Houston city Secretary Anna Russell, her office had counted 19,177 signatures in the petition to repeal the measure and then stopped, because the qualifying number of 17,269 signatures already had been reached, with a margin.
The pastors' coalition explained, "Her position is that it would be a waste of resources to continue to count when we clearly and easily had met the city charter standard."
However, the deposition revealed that the mayor and the city attorney, Feldman, then simply overturned the result.
Russell said she was told to add the following statement to her count: "According to the city attorney's office and reviewed by the city secretary the analysis of the city attorney’s office, 2,750 pages containing 16,010 signatures do not contain sufficient acknowledgment as required by the charter. Therefore, according to the city attorney’s office only 2,449 pages containing 15,249 signatures can lawfully be considered toward the signatures required."
WND has reported similar measures in other jurisdictions across the country. Opponents point to incidents such a man in Indianapolis who allegedly went into a women's locker room at a YMCA and watched girls, ages 7 and 10, shower.
Opposition in Houston was led by a coalition including the Baptist Ministers Association of Houston, the Houston Area Pastor Council, the Houston Ministers against Crime, AME Ministers Alliance of Houston/Gulf Coast, the Northeast Ministers Alliance, the South Texas Full Gospel Baptist Fellowship, the South Texas District of the Assemblies of God and the National Hispanic Christian Leadership Conference.
Critics dubbed the Houston law the "sexual predator protection act," claiming that by designating transgender or gender-confused persons as a protected class, women and children are threatened by predators seeking to exploit the ordinance's ambiguous language.
Similar cases also have erupted in Maryland, Florida and Colorado, which adopted a radical "transgender nondiscrimination" bill in 2008 that makes it illegal to deny a person access to public accommodations, including restrooms and locker rooms, based on gender identity or the "perception" of gender identity. One consequence of the law is a ruling forcing authorities to permit 6-year-old Coy Mathis – a boy who says he thinks he's a girl – to use the girls' bathroom at his elementary school.
Nationwide, 17 states and the District of Columbia have embraced the transsexual agenda. Rhode Island added "gender identity and expression" to its anti-discrimination law in June with the support of Gov. Jack Markell, and Delaware Attorney General Beau Biden announced his support in an Equality Delaware video.
Bob Unruh
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6,116 | Popular culture includes anything that has become widely accepted in society at a specific point in time. It may consist of activities or feelings that people experience when interacting with particular items.
A part of this culture is pop vinyl figures made out of the likelihood of comic book heroes, anime figures, or well-known celebrities.
What Are They Exactly?
Vinyl figures often come from smash-hit movies and TV series characters, and they may even include characters from famous video games. These figures are usually made from suitable vinyl and painted with intricate details. These figures often look cartoonish in appearance, having a large head and a slightly smaller body.
How to Buy Authentic Figures
If you are buying a vinyl figure, check if there is a serial number either on the foot, or base. The absence of serial numbers means it is fake. If there is a serial number on any of the locations mentioned above, verify that with the one on the box.
Check the licensing information on the figures themselves if it is there or not. If it is missing, then it is fake. The quality of the figure itself is an indicator if the figure is fake or not.
Are They Worth Collecting?
The question that needs answering first is, are they valuable? They do follow the law of supply and demand. That is, if the figure is part of a limited batch and was made way back then or had a particular reason why there are limited, then a figure from that batch would most certainly be valuable. As long as they are considered collector items, they are worth collecting.
Not all pop vinyl figures are valuable though; As mentioned before, it is the numbers manufactured that may get a figure into the relevant category.
Types of Rare Pop Vinyl Figures
Chase pop vinyl
Compared to standard vinyl figures, the chase variant will always have something different about it. It’s either a piece of clothing, or items that are part of the character, or the size of the figure itself.
Convention exclusive pop vinyl
These figures are often made for a convention. But not all are rare except for the ones created years back. A manufacturer can create a figure depending on how deep the fan base of a franchise may be.
Last Points to Remember
It may be challenging to determine what type of character figures are rare, so if you plan to collect figures for selling them, that may take you a while to get it moving. But when you get to find, a rare pop vinyl is an excellent welcome. So always check if you have something hidden away that can be a literal goldmine.
Will vinyl figures ever go out of style? Right now, with the profits that are rolling in whenever these figures are made and up for purchase in the market, these pop vinyl figures are here to stay. They are fun to collect, and are often seen as unique, and are a joy for kids and adults alike.
Author Bio: Kellie is a copywriter and content strategist. She helps businesses stop playing around with content marketing and start seeing the tangible ROI. She loves writing as much as she loves cake. | {
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6,117 | Alright, sure. There may be times when she weighs in her opinion when you didn’t ask. But whether it’s through verbal advice or living by example, mothers have a lot of wisdom to offer. Tell her about times when you thought, “What would my mom do in this situation?” She’ll be grateful that she made a difference.
Call her . . . and let her know when you’ll call again
Mom probably won’t call at an inconvenient time for you if you tell her you’ll call her again. And try to use video messaging whenever you can.
Help her with chores
How many times did she cave and pick up your toys after asking you a dozen times? Now that you’re older, let her know you’ve finally learned to do chores by helping her around the house. Wash the car, make dinner, mow the lawn, or help her organize a closet to pay back for the years that she did that for you.
Gather the family
As children grow older, getting the whole family together can be difficult. Still, parents love seeing everyone together, if only for a few days here and there.
Write it down
Your mother will keep a heartfelt letter from you showing your appreciation just like she kept your art projects from when you were five years old. If you’re not much of a writer, write a list of things you love about her or print out some quotes that remind you of her.
Go on a girls trip
Travel somewhere with just each other. You’ll make memories that will actually make you healthier.
Say “thank you” the moment she does something for you
Instead of waiting until Mother’s Day to show gratitude, recognize the moments where she tries to help and let her know you appreciate what she does for you.
Tags: mom, Mother's Day, mother's day ideas, mothers, mum, women
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6,123 | Online poker gambling is an improvement of control, system, nature, cutoff, and like most various games, it requires a hint of karma and a lot of resistance. A game can be played between two people and among relative number of people as ten. Unmistakable mixes of online poker gambling call for different degrees of players to be at the table to play an affirmed game. Most club online poker gambling games require eight players for Seven Card Stud or Razz, yet nine or ten players are fundamental for play the social affair of online poker gambling games. Notwithstanding the sort of online poker gambling you are learning, the objective of the game returns as ahead of time. Definitively when you plunk down to play online poker gambling your irrefutable target is to be the player with the most grounded hand that will win you the pot. In any case, to accomplish this achievement, a dazing level of status and arranging is basic to ensure about your victory.
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6,125 | M'kela "Sefarana" Lus is a famous escort, once employed by the Zanga Brotherhood. She's considered to be one of the most beautiful individuals alive currently and because of her divine beauty, she is dearly sought after by everyone with the money to hire her services. These days, she's freelancing and chooses her clients carefully. She is known for breaking hearts right, left and center, taking in ungodly amounts of money. But despite her heart-crushing reputation, most people seem to think they will be "the one" to finally make her open her heart to them. Fools.
C E N S O R E D
— ...no.
Personality
M'kela, better known by her artist name Sefarana, leans very hard into the nartaz stereotype of them being "cute" and adorable. There is no doubt she has sex appeal oozing about her, but she will draw you in with an innocent and cute look and behaviour. But make no mistake, she's in charge and you are nothing more than a stepping stone on her way to fame and glory.
The Temptress
M'kela was born in the outer rim of Majorna, a perimeter district to the southeast of Fusion City. She was born into povery with parents that both heavily abused drugs and spent most of their days either performing criminal activities or lost in a drug-fuelled stupor. M'kela's mother was an unregistered prostitute and her father a minor member of a local gang.
After her father ended up in trouble with his gang, they fled to to the western border of Shinzen Heights, trying to hide in the slums. This is where M'kela's mother came into contact with the Zanga Brotherhood.
The Crimson Triangle
The Zanga operated the Crimson Triangle, a thriving sex-business in the east of Shinzen Heights. In spite of decades of drug abuse, M'kela's mother was a beautiful woman and the Zanga saw potential in using her for their business. She was more or less kidnapped by the Zanga to work for them. The brotherhood "offered" her and M'kela a decent apartment in the Crimson Triangle in exchange for her services in a local brothel. M'kela's father was not allowed to stay with them, and over time, the brotherhood saw to it that they never got to meet at all. Her father died in a street shootout after her not having seen him for almost three years.
The Sex industry
Once M'kela passed puberty and became old enough, the Zanga introduced her to the sex business of the Triangle. Her mother disapproved and wanted M'kela to "have a better life", but the Zanga wouldn't have it. M'kela herself had seen her mother spend her entire adult life performing one sexual service after the other, sometimes in their very home, so she was numb to the abuse-
However, M'kela knew that she had something her mother did not. M'kela was well aware that her appearance fell into a very narrow sweet spot of being attractive to just about anyone and after having spent the last three years in a crime-ridden hellhole, she had the street smarts to talk her way through anything.
While she did agree to work for the Zanga, she quickly established a reputation as a sophisticated and unmatched sex-worker and escort. She turned her body into a weapon with which to defeat anyone who came to abuse it. She didn't stop there. She learned how to understand people, how to manipulate them. How to make them think, feel and do as she wished. It was her way to regain some semblance of control over her life.
What she didn't know herself until recently was that she is a psion and her abilities beautifully complement her social skills. Subtle, but powerful, her psionics are able to help amplify her natural charm and beauty. However, M'kela has not made public knowledge of the fact that she is a psion. She fears that in spite of her popularity and wealth, she would be shunned and rejected by society if they found out.
Indoctrination
The last people to want to get involved with the "Queen of Sex" would've been the Children of the Cataclysm, but since being recruited by them, she has become one of the primary advertisers for the Children. It is a subject that seems to come up in just about every interview where she will talk about reconciling her beliefs with her work and how she came to be a believer.
M'kela has long since broken free from the oppressive yoke of the Zanga Brotherhood, and while they would love to still have her working for them, she is, as she herself puts it, "above their paygrade".
Crimson Triangle
Settlement | Jul 25, 2021
Situated in the eastern parts of Shinzen Heights. Owned and run by the criminal syndicate, the Zanga Brotherhood, it is a place where you can get your every sexual desire, no matter how depraved, satisfied.
Children of the Cataclysm
Organization | Jul 2, 2021
The Children of the Cataclysm is a controversial, transorganist religion that seeks to restore the old gods to power. They have been the focus of controversy in the last decade with accusations of cult-like organisation and shady financial practices.
Mood Music
Current Location
Shinzen Heights
Species
Nartaz
Conditions
Psionicism
Ethnicity
Psion
Other Ethnicities/Cultures
Fusion City: Citizens
Year of Birth
86 PC 31 Years old
Birthplace
Majorna
Children
Biological Sex
Female
Eyes
Pink (cosmetic cybernetics)
Skin Tone/Pigmentation
Pale gray
Height
176 cm
Weight
67 kg
Aligned Organization
Children of the Cataclysm
Other Affiliations
Zanga Brotherhood
Related Reading
Psionicism
Condition | Jul 6, 2021
Psionicism is a complex mutation to the mind and body of a gestating child, resulting in viable mutation that grants them psychokinetic abilities, and a bucketload of problems...
Nartaz
Species | Nov 16, 2021
The nartaz are a dying species of bunnymen. While they look adorable, they are often anything but, carrying a grim view on life beneath their fluffy exterior.
Nartaz
Entry for Worldbuilding Summer Camp 2021
Answering: "a Romancer, Paramour, or other amorous individual"
Visit Toblin's Competition Page Check all other answers to this prompt Competition Homepage
Join Cinders of the Cataclysm Discord!
Celenia and Cinders of the Cataclysm © 1998 - 2022 Tobias Linder. All rights reserved.
Any art displayed on the page is credited to the original artist and belongs to them, with the exception of art created by Nina Lanfer and Mizomei, which are specifically commissioned for the CotC project and are © 1998 - 2022 Tobias Linder.
Cover image: by CC BY, Modified by Tobias Linder
Metadata
Tags
SummerCamp2021 Nilvan NPC Character Fusion City M&039;kela Sefarana
Article template
Character
World
Cinders of the Cataclysm
Author
Toblin
Publication Date
28 Jul, 2021
Creation Date
28 Jul, 2021
Last Update Date
3 Sep, 2021
Visibility
Public
Views
135
Favorites
7
Comments
1
Work In Progress
Comments
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Grandmaster of the Inner Sanctum Serukis
Dr Emily Vair-Turnbull
27 Aug, 2021 22:16
"Censored". XD I don't think I would like to be friends with Sefarana, but I'm proud of her for breaking out from the Zanga andd taking control of her own body and destiny. | {
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6,126 | Living Near Woodlands Is Good For Children And Young People's Mental Health | Worldhealth.net Anti-Aging News Living Near Woodlands Is Good For Children And Young People's Mental Health
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Mental Health Brain and Mental Performance Cognitive Environment
Living Near Woodlands Is Good For Children And Young People's Mental Health
4 months, 2 weeks ago
4558 0
Posted on Jul 19, 2021, 6 p.m.
Children and young people’s proximity to woodlands has been linked with better cognitive development and a lower risk of emotional and behavioural problems, in a study led by UCL and Imperial College London scientists that could influence planning decisions in urban areas.
In what is believed to be one of the largest studies of its kind, researchers used longitudinal data relating to 3,568 children and teenagers, aged nine to 15 years, from 31 schools across London. This period is a key time in the development of adolescents' thinking, reasoning and understanding of the world.
The study, published in Nature Sustainability, looked at the links between different types of natural urban environments and the pupils' cognitive development, mental health and overall well-being.
The environments were divided into what planners call green space (woods, meadows and parks) and blue space (rivers, lakes and the sea), with green space separated further into grassland and woodland. Researchers used satellite data to help calculate each adolescent's daily exposure rate to each of these environments within 50m, 100m, 250m and 500m of their home and school.
After adjusting for other variables, the results showed that higher daily exposure to woodland (but not grassland) was associated with higher scores for cognitive development, and a 16% lower risk of emotional and behavioural problems two years later.
A similar but smaller effect was seen for green space, with higher scores for cognitive development, but this was not seen for blue space. The researchers note though that access to blue space in the cohort studied was generally low.
Examples of other explanatory variables considered included the young person's age, ethnic background, gender, parental occupation and type of school, e.g., state or independent. The level of air pollution might have influenced adolescents' cognitive development, but researchers did not feel these observations were reliable or conclusive, and these require further investigations.
It is already estimated that one in 10 of London's children and adolescents between the ages of five and 16 suffer from a clinical mental health illness and excess costs are estimated between £11,030 and £59,130 annually for each person. As with adults, there is also evidence that natural environments play an important role in children and adolescents' cognitive development and mental health into adulthood, but less is known about why this is.
The results of this study suggest that urban planning decisions to optimise ecosystem benefits linked to cognitive development and mental health should carefully consider the type of natural environment included. Natural environments further away from an adolescent's residence and school may play an important role too, not just their immediate environment.
Lead author, PhD student Mikaël Maes (UCL Geography, UCL Biosciences and Imperial College London School of Public Health) said: "Previous studies have revealed positive associations between exposure to nature in urban environments, cognitive development and mental health. Why these health benefits are received remains unclear, especially in adolescents.
"These findings contribute to our understanding of natural environment types as an important protective factor for an adolescent's cognitive development and mental health and suggest that not every environment type may contribute equally to these health benefits.
"Forest bathing, for example (being immersed in the sights, sounds and smells of a forest), is a relaxation therapy that has been associated with physiological benefits, supporting the human immune function, reducing heart rate variability and salivary cortisol, and various psychological benefits. However, the reasons why we experience these psychological benefits from woodland remain unknown."
Joint senior author Professor Mireille Toledano (Director, Mohn Centre for Children's Health and Wellbeing and Investigator, MRC Centre for Environment and Health and Principal Investigator of the SCAMP study, Imperial College London) said: "It's been suggested previously that the benefits of natural environments to mental health are comparable in magnitude to family history, parental age and even more significant than factors like the degree of urbanisation around you, but lower than your parents' socio-economic status. Sensory and non-sensory pathways have been suggested as potentially important for delivering cognition and mental health benefits received from exposure to nature.
"It's critical for us to tease out why natural environments are so important to our mental health throughout the life course -- does the benefit derive from the physical exercise we do in these environments, from the social interactions we often have in them, or from the fauna and flora we get to enjoy in these environments or a combination of all of these?"
Joint senior author Professor Kate Jones (UCL Centre for Biodiversity & Environment Research, UCL Biosciences) said: "One possible explanation for our findings may be that audio-visual exposure through vegetation and animal abundance provides psychological benefits, of which both features are expected in higher abundance in woodland. Even though our results show that urban woodland is associated with adolescent's cognitive development and mental health, the cause of this association remains unknown. Further research is fundamental to our understanding of the links between nature and health."
To arrive at the findings, researchers analysed a longitudinal dataset of 3,568 adolescents between 2014 and 2018, whose residence was known, from the Study of Cognition, Adolescents and Mobile Phones (SCAMP) across the London metropolitan area. They assessed adolescents' mental health and overall well-being from a self-reported Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) -- covering areas such as emotional problems, conduct, hyperactivity and peer problems -- and the KIDSCREEN-10 Questionnaire taken by each adolescent for SCAMP.
Limitations of the study include an assumption that living or going to school near natural environments means more exposure to them, which may not always be the case due to how easily they can be accessed by a child or young person or how usable they are.
Also, a considerable proportion of the participants (52.21%) were in the group whose parents had a managerial/professional occupation, so adolescents in less favourable socio-economic groups may be underrepresented and pupils requiring special needs may be differently affected compared with their peers. Crime rates, which may have influenced the results too, were not taken into account.
The study was supported by the Natural Environment Research Council, the Medical Research Council and the National Institute for Health Research, and involved researchers from UCL, Imperial College London and Birkbeck, University of London.
As with anything you read on the internet, this article should not be construed as medical advice; please talk to your doctor or primary care provider before making any changes to your wellness routine.
Content may be edited for style and length.
Materials provided by:
https://www.ucl.ac.uk/news/2021/jul/living-near-woodlands-good-children-and-young-peoples-mental-health
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41893-021-00751-1
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6,127 | Vissla Sydney Surf Pro, Men's Qualifying Series - Round 5 Heat 4 - Full Heat Replay | World Surf League | {
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6,128 | The WPA is the global association representing 145 psychiatric societies in 121 countries, and bringing together more than 250,000 psychiatrists. It promotes collaborative work in psychiatry through its 70+ scientific sections, education programs, publications and events. | {
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6,129 | I am sure you all are past your 4th of July hangover. If you aren’t, make sure you are all sobered up because I am about to bring you some exciting WordPress news that you shouldn’t be missing. Also, don’t forget to check out this awesome compilation of all the 4th of July WordPress deals.
In this week’s WordPress Weekly News, we will discuss Gutenberg 0.3.0, WordCamp Europe analysis, and much more!
Let’s start!
WordCamp Europe 2017 – Early tickets sale and expensive location lead to 24% absenteeism.
WordCamp Europe 2017 was said to be the biggest WordPress event in history. But the attendance and budget data painted a gloomy picture as it showed a 24% no – show rate. The event anticipated more than 3000 attendees but ended up falling short with 1900 people. The 24% no show rate on WCEU 2017 is more than double of that of the previous 4 WCEUs which was 10%. The data also revealed that the attendees were 5% less than the last year’s WCEU, that was held in Vienna.
Event organizers came up with multiple reasons for the disappointing turnout. One of the straightforward ones was that some of the ticket holders were denied Visas. Early ticket sales, expensive location, and higher local sales were some of the other reasons that were put forth by the organizers. More than 60% of the attendees were from nearby locations which included most that were from parts of France, Great Britain, Germany and the Netherlands.
Tickets for 2017 were put on sale as soon as the 2016 event came to a close. People bought tickets because they were under pressure of the event being sold out without confirming their availability. Tickets bought in the early stages of the sale had a 34% no – show rate as compared to the 20% no show rate of the tickets bought in the later stages.
Gutenberg 0.3.0
Gutenberg is moving in one direction only since its addition in the WordPress repository. Gutenberg 0.3.0 was released last week with a number of impressive updates. The released version is being shipped on a weekly basis. The update includes 50 improvements in the changelog but we will cover the most interesting additions to this update.
Cover images and other content will now appear the same as they appear in the editor after developers have added front end style for core blocks in this update. This also applies to the demo content that now display a full-width cover image.
Inserting texts and images is now made more easier with the new quick text and image inserter. This will appear while you are hovering over the blank space beneath the content. This apparently makes it faster to insert content that is used more frequently.
WordPress Plugins Slow To Add Meta Box Support For Calypso
Authors of plugins that are active on more than 1M websites were sent an email from Andy Peatling, product lead at WordPress, to start support for Calypso. In the State of the Word at WordCamp 2016 in the US, Matt Mullenweg announced that Calypso is now plugin-aware.
“Calypso is now plugin-aware,” Mullenweg said. “This pull request was merged today, and as a way to bootstrap this, we’re opening up for what I just described for plugins to create Calypso interfaces for what they’re doing.”
“Basically saying, if you’re using Calypso on a site that has one of these plugins, let’s say WooCommerce, all of a sudden in the interface, there will be all the WooCommerce stuff. It’ll talk to the API, it will run on the desktop just like the rest of Calypso, and it will only be loaded if the plugin is active.”
The problem is that after seven months of the announcements, popular WordPress plugins have failed to add meta box support. WordPress SEO, one of the most popular WordPress plugins, was picked to take part in the experiment. The response has been disappointed as Joost de Valk, founder of Yoast, refused to talk when asked about the progress of this initiative.
That’s all from this week’s WordPress Weekly News. If you come across some WordPress news, do mention it in the comments.
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Moeez is ‘The’ blogger in charge of WPblog. He loves to interact and learn about WordPress with people in the WordPress community. Outside his work life, Moeez spends time hanging out with his friends, playing Xbox and watching football on the weekends. You can get in touch with him at moeez[at]wpblog.com.
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6,133 | Two Billionaires Spent Nearly $1 Million in Portland Trying to Tax Soda. Here’s Why They Have to Start Over.
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Two Billionaires Spent Nearly $1 Million in Portland Trying to Tax Soda. Here’s Why They Have to Start Over.
Political consultants are better at working out-of-town billionaires than taxing sweet drinks.
Expand
(Daniel Stindt)
By Nigel Jaquiss
December 06, 2017 at 5:31 am PST
For nearly a year, two billionaires have been throwing money around Portland to raise the price of soda.
The billionaires: former New York City Mayor Michael Bloomberg and John Arnold, a Houston-based former energy trader. Their cause: a tax on sugary drinks that would have added 18 cents to the price of each 12-ounce can of Coke.
The two men spent $915,000 to gather signatures to place the $28.4 million-a-year tax on the Multnomah County ballot in May 2018.
But last week, the soda tax backers admitted they needed a do-over.
The pro-tax committee, the Coalition for Healthy Kids and Education, announced it would delay going to the ballot until at least November 2018. That means starting from scratch to gather 17,381 signatures for a 1.5 cent-per-ounce tax.
There are plenty of reasons to change the date on a ballot measure. For one, November voters tend to look more favorably on taxes.
But observers say Bloomberg and Arnold failed to do the kind of groundwork that marks a successful campaign. Although they spent big on political consultants, most of them were either from elsewhere or politically inexperienced.
"Soda taxes are a hard thing to just pour money into because both sides have a lot," says Carol Butler, a Portland political consultant not involved in the campaign. "The way they passed a tax in Oakland was instructive: lots of earned media and serious coalition-building with advocates. That goes better if you have local consultants with relationships and a history."
(Daniel Stindt)
One sign of how ineffective the soda tax backers were: Multnomah County Chairwoman Deborah Kafoury, who oversees Oregon's largest county health program and has long advocated local taxes to promote wellness, never received a phone call from them.
"They didn't do the basics, like lining up support from community members and elected officials," Kafoury says. "I have never talked to anyone from the campaign."
The campaign's top consultant, Christian Sinderman, lives in Seattle. His team—Washington, D.C.-based Fieldworks and Portland's Brink Communications—have a short track record in local races. Nonetheless, Fieldworks made $400,000, and Brink, a PR firm, made $104,000—its top campaign payday ever.
Terri Steenbergen, campaign manager for the pro-tax effort, says the issue was simply timing.
"We always felt May would be favorable for our campaign, and continue to believe this," she says. "However, the watershed elections this November demonstrate that future electorates provide even better landscapes for success."
Sinderman and Brink declined to comment.
The new delay marks the latest setback for an idea that's been kicking around Multnomah County since at least 2010. In the meantime, left-leaning cities like Berkeley (2014); Philadelphia, Oakland and San Francisco (2016); and Seattle (2017) have passed their own soda taxes.
Last year, Upstream Public Health, a Portland nonprofit, revived the idea but then collapsed under financial mismanagement.
Bloomberg and Arnold have stubbed their toes in Oregon before. In 2014, they spent nearly $5 million on a measure to make primaries nonpartisan. It got 32 percent of the vote.
The billionaires should expect massive spending by Big Soda here: Insiders say $6 million to $10 million.
Even without a set date for a vote, the "no" campaign polled heavily, papered low-income and minority neighborhoods with fliers, and skewered the tax on social media.
(Daniel Stindt)
"As long as the tax is a possibility, we are going to want to talk to every Multnomah County resident we can," says Felicia Heaton, a spokeswoman for the "no" side. "That's going to take a lot of resources and a lot of boots on the ground."
The prospect of a big payday led one political consultant, Jake Weigler, to seek work with the "yes" side—then go to work for the "no" camp.
Though he's long worked on progressive issues, Weigler says the proposed tax is unfair.
"Beverage taxes place a larger share of the tax burden on people who can least afford it," he says, "and the latest iteration of this tax is no different."
For now, there's no way of knowing how much Big Soda paid Weigler or his successors. Campaign finance rules don't require an opposition group to disclose spending until a measure qualifies for the ballot. | {
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6,134 | Acquiring shares under an employee share scheme (ESS) via your self managed superannuation fund (SMSF) may appear attractive but greater uncertainty has arisen following the ATO’s recent ruling, LCR 2021/2, on the application of the non-arm’s length income (NALI) rules to such a transaction.
This ruling focuses on NALI arising from the non-arm’s length expenditure (NALE) changes to s 295-550 of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 (Cth) (ITAA 1997) which were effective from 1 July 2018.
Typical employee share schemes
Many employers (including small, medium and large employers) seek to encourage their employees to work in the best interests of the company by offering an ESS to align their employees’ interests with the business. Research suggests that companies having an ESS generally perform better than companies that do not offer such plans.
Companies typically offer employees the opportunity to acquire shares in the company at a discounted price via an ESS.
There are also a range of tax rules that cover the taxation of ESS interests and certain employees may qualify for some tax relief, such as the ability to defer the taxing point or obtaining a more favourable tax treatment compared to ordinary income (s 83A-115 of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 (Cth)).
Under many ESSs, employees can nominate a related entity, such as a family member, a family company, a family trust or an SMSF to acquire the shares on offer to the employee . Naturally, s 66 of the Superannuation Industry (Supervision) Act 1993 (Cth) (SISA) needs to be considered if an SMSF acquires an asset from a member or related party. Since we have previously covered s 66 rules in a prior article we focus solely on the potential application of NALI in this article. For access to our prior article please click here.
Note that the tax rules generally assess the employee on any discount granted via an ESS even if the employee nominates another family member or related entity such as an SMSF that ends up acquiring the shares.
How have discounts on ESSs been treated prior to LCR 2021/2?
The ATO generally treats discounts on shares as assessable income to the employee.
Where the shares are nominated to an SMSF, the ATO has also treated any discount as a contribution. This is confirmed on the ATO webpage QC 26221 where the ATO states:
A super contribution is anything of value that increases the capital of a super fund and is provided with the purpose of benefiting one or more particular members of the fund, or all of the members in general.
For example, when shares acquired under an ESS are transferred to an SMSF at less than market value, the acquisition results in a super contribution because the capital of the fund increases and the purpose of the acquisition is to benefit a member, or members, of the fund.
See also: Taxation ruling TR 2010/1 Income tax: superannuation contributions
How does LCR 2021/2 impact shares acquired by SMSFs under ESSs?
The ATO state in LCR 2021/2 that:
[18] [NALE] incurred to acquire an asset (including associated financing costs) will have a sufficient nexus to all ordinary or statutory income derived by the complying superannuation fund in respect of that asset. This includes any capital gain derived on the disposal of the asset …
It therefore appears that an SMSF that purchases an asset like a share at a discount will result in all future dividends and net capital gain on disposal being NALI and broadly taxed at 45%. Moreover, the amendments introducing the NALE changes to s 295-550(1)(b) and apply retroactively regardless of when the ‘scheme’ was entered into.
Thus, it appears that SMSFs may be exposed to NALI on dividends and net capital gains for shares acquired at a discount under ESSs despite those shares being acquired prior to 1 July 2018.
Does TR 2010/1-DC have any relevance?
The ATO also recently issued a revised draft for consultation ruling on what is considered a contribution (ie, TR 2010/1-DC). This revised ruling seeks to clarify the divide between what is a ‘contribution’ versus what is ‘NALI’. In particular, the ATO’s broad view is that an asset purchased for less than its market value gives rise to NALI. In contrast, an in specie contribution that is recorded for less than its market value is to be treated as a contribution. The relevant draft paragraphs that appear in TR 2010/1-DC state:
25A. The acquisition of an asset by a … [SMSF] … is not a contribution … (an in specie contribution) where the asset is purchased from an entity under a sale contract. However, an in specie contribution may be made in conjunction with the purchase of an asset. This may occur, for example, where 50% of the asset is purchased with the remaining 50% of the asset being subject to an in specie contribution.
25B. An in specie contribution is required to be reflected at its market value in the fund’s accounts and the member’s superannuation interest. …
25C. In circumstances where a … [SMSF] … purchases an asset under a contract at less than market value, the superannuation provider has incurred [NALE] under a non-arm’s length dealing for the purposes of applying the ‘[NALI]’ provisions in section 295-550. We do not consider that the difference between the consideration paid (if any) and the market value represents an in specie contribution being made as the asset has been acquired under the terms of the contractual agreement and not through an in specie contribution.
An SMSF typically purchases ESS shares by paying the company directly. The company provides the discount to the SMSF as part of the ESS provisions. These provisions form part of the contractual terms and conditions relating to the SMSF acquiring the ESS shares as the nominated purchaser.
Thus, it appears the ATO’s latest view is that discounts offered to SMSFs on ESS shares are no longer contributions. This is a major change to the long-established practice based on TR 2010/1 which has been a binding public ruling that has been relied on for the past 11+ years. The ATO’s latest draft view also differs from the ATO’s current view reflected on its website at QC 26221.
Is there any further analysis that may assist?
Let’s examine a typical ESS example:
John is offered $10,000 worth of shares in his employer’s company via an ESS for $9,000.
John nominates his SMSF as the purchaser.
John’s SMSF pays $9,000 to the company for the shares.
Subject to any tax concession, John accounts for the $1,000 discount in his personal tax return.
John’s SMSF records $1,000 as a non-concessional contribution (NCC).
John’s SMSF has a cost base of the shares of $10,000 reflecting the $9,000 payment and John’s $1,000 NCC.
Arguably, there should be no NALI to John’s SMSF in respect of the shares as the correct amount has been provided (ie, payment of $9,000 under the ESS contract and a contribution of $1,000). However, the ATO’s latest commentary appears to provide that unless the purchase contract specifies the relevant part of the asset being acquired to the part that is being contributed by way of in specie contribution, then NALI will apply where part of the asset being purchased is purchased at a discount. This theory is reflected in LCR 2021/2 at [28] and [29] as follows:
In situations where the terms of a contract between the complying superannuation fund and the seller of the asset make it clear that the asset is being purchased by the fund, the difference between the consideration paid (if any) by the fund and the market value of the asset purchased under the contract cannot represent the value of an in specie contribution made by the other party.
An in specie contribution can be made in conjunction with a complying superannuation fund purchasing part of an asset where a contract makes it clear the fund is only acquiring part of the asset. In such situations, the fund:
purchases the interest in the asset specified under the contract, and
receives the in specie contribution of the remaining interest in the asset.
… However, if the fund pays less than market value for the part of the asset purchased under the contract, then the non‑arm’s length expenditure provisions apply for the reasons outlined in paragraph 27 of this Ruling. This would be the case even if the in specie contribution relating to the other part of the asset is recorded at market value in the fund’s accounts and is allocated to the member’s superannuation interest.
Is there a concession for certain discounts in LCR 2021/2?
The further argument that may be open to John’s SMSF is that even though there is a ‘scheme’, the parties to that scheme (eg, John, his employer and the SMSF) have acted at arm’s length, however the ATO’s view regarding discounts is not satisfied in this case if the discount is not available to all employees of John’s employer. In particular, LCR 2021/2 at [51] states:
A complying superannuation fund might enter into arrangements that result in it receiving discounted prices. Such arrangements will still be on arm’s length terms where they are consistent with normal commercial practices, such as an individual acting in their capacity as trustee (or a director of a corporate trustee) being entitled to a discount under a discount policy where the same discounts are provided to all employees, partners, shareholders or office holders.
Many ESSs are only offered to a particular class of employee, eg, senior managers and executives rather than to all employees and, in certain cases, shares may be offered to greater than say 75% of permanent employees who have completed at least 3 years of service (for example, as required by s 83A-105 of the ITAA 1997).
Thus, unless ESS discounts are offered to all employees or all office holders or all shareholders, as relevant, the SMSF is unlikely to be able to rely on the discount concession in paragraph 51 of LCR 2021/2.
Nevertheless, the argument that the parties have dealt with at arm’s length has merit. However, this argument is only likely to be accepted by the ATO if the correct market value is reflected in relation to John’s in specie contribution (ie, John’s SMSF has recorded $1,000 as an NCC).
In this instance, arguably, there is no scheme that the SMSF is involved with that should invoke NALI as the full market value of the shares is accounted for.
However, the ATO’s latest view expressed in TR 2010/1-DC appears to preclude this argument as the sale contract does not specify the part of the shares that are acquired under the sale contract and the part that is being made by way of in specie contribution as required pursuant to the ATO’s new views outlined in paragraphs 28 and 29 of LCR 2021/2.
This article highlights some shortcomings in the ATO’s latest views on NALE which do not appear to be supported by any case law or legislative basis. The ability to recognise ESS discounts as a contribution (ie, the $1,000 discount recognised as an NCC) has been the acceptable position for many years and we consider it is likely to be the better and simplest approach to administer. Moreover, this is the position that numerous professional and industry bodies submitted as being the preferred approach that should be applied.
Conclusions
SMSFs that do not acquire shares at market value via ESSs risk NALI being applied to future dividends (including any franking credits) and any net capital gain on future disposal of the shares. We recommend that given the uncertainty that currently exists as outlined above, before an SMSF acquires any further ESS shares, expert advice from a tax expert with superannuation experience in dealing with the latest NALI developments be obtained. Indeed, advice should be sought before any dealing with shares previously acquired under an ESS as the tax impact is not yet clear.
Shaun Backhaus and Daniel Butler
28 September 2021
smsfadviser.com
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Tess Uncle
B.Sc, M.Com, CA, DipFP
Tess has over 15-years experience in Chartered Accounting Firms and in this time has had a broad range of experience in superannuation, taxation, business services, and financial strategy.
Over the last two-years, Tess has turned her attention to Financial Planning, earning a Diploma of Financial Planning in 2015 and leading the newly established financial division of the Wybenga Group as a director of Wybenga Financial.
Tess’s mission is to bring the ethics and integrity of her Chartered Accounting background to the area of wealth management.
As a woman in a male dominated field, Tess is active in promoting gender equality in the industry through various programs and mentoring opportunities.
Using her depth of knowledge and experience in tax and accounting Tess is able to demonstrate a level of competence that is unique in the Financial Planning sector.
2001 – Commenced employment with Wybenga & Partners and part-time accountancy studies
2004 – Graduated Masters of Commerce from the University of New South Wales
2005 – Admitted as an Associate Member of the Institute of Chartered Accountants Australia
2007 – Promoted to Manager at Wybenga & Partners
2012 – Appointed as Associate Director
2015 – Awarded a Diploma of Financial Planning
2016 – Appointed as Partner of Wybenga Group and Director of Wybenga Financial
Adam Roberts
B.Bus, B.Sc, CA, DipFP
Adam has over 13-years experience in Chartered Accounting Firms and in this time has had a broad range of experience in superannuation, taxation, business services, and financial strategy.
Over the last two-years, Adam has turned his attention to Financial Planning, earning a Diploma of Financial Planning in 2015 and leading the newly established financial division of the Wybenga Group as a director of Wybenga Financial.
Adam’s mission is to bring the ethics and integrity of his Chartered Accounting background to the area of wealth management.
Combining traditional accounting and financial services has been a welcome move for Adam, allowing him to operate and advise in the financial sector that has been a long time personal passion.
Using his depth of knowledge and experience in tax and accounting Adam is able to demonstrate a level of competence that is unique in the Financial Planning sector.
2005 – Graduated Bachelor of Science from the University of Western Sydney
2005 – Commenced employment with Wybenga & Partners and part-time accountancy studies
2007 – Graduated Bachelor of Business from the University of Western Sydney
2010 – Admitted as an Associate Member of the Institute of Chartered Accountants Australia
2010 – Promoted to Manager at Wybenga & Partners
2012 – Appointed as Associate Director
2015 – Awarded a Diploma of Financial Planning
2016 – Appointed as Partner of Wybenga Group and Director of Wybenga Financial
Advisory Cadetships
What is an Advisory Cadetship?
An Advisory Cadetship enables you to commence your career whilst attaining the necessary university qualifications by studying part-time.
How does it work?
Generally, our cadets complete a relevant business or accounting degree at the University of New South Wales, the University of Technology Sydney, Macquarie University, or the University of Western Sydney.
The Firm provides 3-hours paid study leave per week to attend university. This can either be taken at the one time or broken between days depending on the individual’s requirements. In addition, the Firm provides paid study leave for both mid-semester and end-of-year exams.
We take the work life balance very seriously at Wybenga Financial and our cadets are encouraged to have a fulfilling life outside the office. A typical day will have you arriving at the office at around 8.30am with most days concluding at 5.30pm.
What are the benefits of an Advisory Cadetship with Wybenga Financial?
Our cadets benefit from the following:
Career path – on completion of their degree our cadets have significant practical experience which will assist them in advancing their careers
Work helps your studies – by working full-time our cadets are able to apply their practical knowledge in the university subjects
Camaraderie with other cadets – the Firm has a number of cadets at various stages of their career
Mentoring – cadets are paired with a senior staff member who oversees their progress and training both at work and with their studies
Communication and feedback – the Firm has an open door policy which enables all cadets to interact with all members of staff including Directors
Culture – the Firm promotes a friendly social culture with a number of functions throughout the year
Modern environment – including ‘socialising’ areas such as pool table and break out area
Training – ongoing support and technical training. We also provide internal and external training on a monthly basis
Remuneration – working full-time provides a market salary and independence with salaries being reviewed every 6-months
What happens when I complete my degree?
The completion of your degree is the first step of what we hope to be a long and successful career with us. The next step is the commencement of a Diploma of Financial Planning followed by completing the requirements to become a Certified Financial Planner (CFP).
There are always progression opportunities for the right cadets and we are dedicated to the long term development of our staff.
Who should apply?
Current Year 12 students or first/second year University Students who:
want to commence their career in financial advisory;
are due to commence or are currently completing a part-time business or commerce degree at university with an advisory major;
want to gain valuable hands-on experience while completing their qualifications;
are looking for a friendly working environment;
are team players who display initiative;
have a commitment to self-development;
possess excellent personal presentation and communication skills; and
are motivated and mature minded.
How do I apply for an Advisory Cadetship?
To apply for a Cadetship position at Wybenga Financial send us your details. Please also include in your covering letter why you wish to do a cadetship, include relevant qualities you possess, main interests / achievements, and any previous employment.
Interested candidates should initially forward a resume/covering letter of no more than 3-pages. Please provide full details of contact information (telephone or e-mail).
What if I have more questions?
For further information about our Cadetship program, please send your enquiry to info@wybengagroup.com.au | {
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]
} | 827.2 | 32,998 | https://www.wybengafinancial.com.au/2021/10/18/smsfs-employee-share-schemes-nali/ | www.wybengafinancial.com.au | 1.00103 | [
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6,135 | As a family man, I know the importance of trust, especially when it comes to your home and family. My motto in life is simple, treat others as I would like to be treated myself. The business reputation has been built on this mantra, and we are growing as a result. Please see below for some feedback from our satisfied customers
Would like to say a big thank you to the team at wye valley home improvements who have installed some lovely bi fold doors on the back of my property they look fantastic and definitely exceeded my expectations highly recommended company will definitely use again
Mr S Luff - Tintern, Monmouthshire
Facebook
A perfect experience from start to finish, Jon came out as agreed measured, gave me a price and a date for fitting. He then confirmed the date and the windows were fitted perfectly. We are so happy with the service and quality.
Mrs J. Price - Kington, Herefordshire
Facebook
Jon and his employees are complete professionals, Jon arrived to give me the price, he was quick and efficient and so polite. The fitting teams came on the day agreed, did the job and left the house spotless.
Mr Paul T - Hereford
Facebook
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6,136 | In light of the COVID-19 crisis, we highly encourage meeting with your tutor online. Read more about Wyzant’s response.
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The Best Botany Tutoring Online
83 private Botany tutors / Find the best Botany tutor
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David S.
115/hour
Skilled Biology Tutor well versed in all Science/Medical Subjects.
I am well versed in Botany, my understanding derived from my B.S. in Biology from Purdue University and then adding post-graduate studies from ISU, where I enrolled in more Botany-related coursework. At Purdue, I majored in Ecology for two... read more
115/hour
5.0 (3646)
7,529 hours tutoring
Offers online lessons
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I am well versed in Botany, my understanding derived from my B.S. in Biology from Purdue University and then adding post-graduate studies from ISU, where I enrolled in more Botany-related coursework. At Purdue, I majored in Ecology for two... read more
Angela W.
70/hour
Biologist With a Passion for Botany
I am well-versed in cladistics (the study of classifying plants/organisms on an evolutionary tree), botanical terminology, plant structures and function, and conservation issues that are the focus of a Botany course. Many botany... read more
70/hour
5.0 (51)
151 hours tutoring
Offers online lessons
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I am well-versed in cladistics (the study of classifying plants/organisms on an evolutionary tree), botanical terminology, plant structures and function, and conservation issues that are the focus of a Botany course. Many botany... read more
Timothy R.
40/hour
Chemistry, Math and the other Sciences
I have taught aspects of botany within the advanced biology course I have instructed. As a biology major at Colby College in Waterville, Maine I passed a basic botany course read more
40/hour
5.0 (176)
1 hours tutoring Botany out of 476 hours
Offers online lessons
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I have taught aspects of botany within the advanced biology course I have instructed. As a biology major at Colby College in Waterville, Maine I passed a basic botany course read more
Barry M.
45/hour
Advanced degree from the Dept. Botany, Louisiana State University
I have completed several dozen hours in botany from both my graduate and undergraduate schools and taught botany for twenty years to advanced high school students. I have undertaken consulting contracts that entailed detailed surveys... read more
45/hour
5.0 (133)
4 hours tutoring Botany out of 250 hours
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I have completed several dozen hours in botany from both my graduate and undergraduate schools and taught botany for twenty years to advanced high school students. I have undertaken consulting contracts that entailed detailed surveys... read more
Cybil C.
35/hour
Ph.D. (cand) biology, MS in zoology, BS in wildlife and fisheries ecol
Have completed coursework and fieldwork in botany including field botany. Have help herbaria collect and preserve specimens as well as designed field projects. Competent in identifying plants east of the Rockies in the U.S.... read more
35/hour
5.0 (72)
4 hours tutoring Botany out of 167 hours
Offers online lessons
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Have completed coursework and fieldwork in botany including field botany. Have help herbaria collect and preserve specimens as well as designed field projects. Competent in identifying plants east of the Rockies in the U.S.... read more
Andrea M.
90/hour
BS in Ecology and Evolutionary Biology
3+ years research experience in Ecology/Botany with non-native species, focus on breeding systems read more
90/hour
4.9 (54)
119 hours tutoring
Offers online lessons
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3+ years research experience in Ecology/Botany with non-native species, focus on breeding systems read more
Gabrielle F.
55/hour
Certified Biology Teacher and Professor
I am a certified full time high school Biology teacher and part time college professor. I have over 18 years of experience in education at the middle school, high school, and collegiate levels. I specialize in Biology, AP Biology, and College... read more
55/hour
5.0 (45)
152 hours tutoring
Offers online lessons
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I am a certified full time high school Biology teacher and part time college professor. I have over 18 years of experience in education at the middle school, high school, and collegiate levels. I specialize in Biology, AP Biology, and College... read more
Tina T.
70/hour
Improve Your Science and Math Skills!
Hi there! My name is Tina! Teaching and learning are at the core of my identity. As a child and young adult, I would play school with my siblings and cousing. The topic didn't matter to me. As long as I was the teacher! To this day, my cousins... read more
70/hour
5.0 (6)
12 hours tutoring
Offers online lessons
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Hi there! My name is Tina! Teaching and learning are at the core of my identity. As a child and young adult, I would play school with my siblings and cousing. The topic didn't matter to me. As long as I was the teacher! To this day, my cousins... read more
David H.
40/hour
Experienced biologist with a passion for discovery
Hi, I'm David! I have a Master's of Science degree (specializing in avian ecology) and enjoy learning about the natural world every day. During college, I learned that critical thinking is the most important tool for success. Raw memorization can... read more
40/hour
5.0 (30)
124 hours tutoring
Offers online lessons
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Hi, I'm David! I have a Master's of Science degree (specializing in avian ecology) and enjoy learning about the natural world every day. During college, I learned that critical thinking is the most important tool for success. Raw memorization can... read more
Cynthia M.
45/hour
Patient, creative and knowledgeable biology, math and study tutor
I have completed several undergraduate level courses in botany including general botany, plant physiology, plant morphology, identification and mounting and preserving of specimens. I keep plants as pets and often bring them to... read more
45/hour
4.9 (256)
30 hours tutoring Botany out of 756 hours
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I have completed several undergraduate level courses in botany including general botany, plant physiology, plant morphology, identification and mounting and preserving of specimens. I keep plants as pets and often bring them to... read more
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Jasmine F.
1 Botany lesson
I'm taking a botany class for the summer and have been struggling. Ed was my tutor and he did an amazing job teaching me the material. He is very patient and knowledgeable. Will recommend to my friends.
Dan R.
1 Botany lesson
Janet reviewed my college botany/biology laboratory write up and reviewed the topic with me. She taught me aspects of the subject that I wasn't aware, provided understandable explanations and thoughtful recommendations. She was not too simplistic and was not overbearing to be confusing. Knew exactly what was expected. Just right in what I needed. Highly recommended.
Patrice F.
9 lessons
She is a business professional and does an amazing job at delivering an encouraging learning experience, for my son. 1/8/2014: Tonight was my son's final lesson with Carole before his SSAT, which will be in two days. We feel so fortunate that we had Carole and my son is feeling a lot more confident in his ability to perform well in the exam. couldn't ask for a better tutor!! She genuinely cares about her students and is truly committed and encouraging!!
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How much for private Botany tutoring lessons
Botany Tutors Cost $35 - 65 per hour on average
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Private Teachers Prepared to Help You Learn Botany
Question
How would you define Botany in your own words?
Botany is the study of plants (their physiology, structure, genetics, ecology, distribution and economic importance). Students who take a course (or courses) in botany will be fascinated by the complexity of the floral world which surrounds us.
Botany is the study of plants (their physiology, structure, genetics, ecology, distribution and economic importance). Students who take a course... read more
Answered • 03/21/18
Question
How would you define Botany in your own words?
The study of plants is critical for understanding nature, and our place in the world. The class has some heavy vocabulary and some chemistry. Hire me and I will ensure that you have the tools needed to succeed here and beyond.
The study of plants is critical for understanding nature, and our place in the world. The class has some heavy vocabulary and some chemistry. ... read more
Answered • 03/19/18
Question
How would you define Botany in your own words?
Botany is a branch of biology that deals w/the study of non-animals. Its the study of simple to complex plants, their environments, diseases of said plants and how they function homeostatically.
Botany is a branch of biology that deals w/the study of non-animals. Its the study of simple to complex plants, their environments, diseases of... read more
Answered • 03/19/18
Question
How would you define Botany in your own words?
Do you know the anthers in Botany? You will, once you study how plants work. Like the human body they have veins, networks that deliver the nutrients from the roots to all points afterward. Unlike the human body, they get their energy through a process called photosynthesis.
Do you know the anthers in Botany? You will, once you study how plants work. Like the human body they have veins, networks that deliver the... read more
Answered • 06/30/18
Asked • 03/01/18
How would you define Botany in your own words?
Answered • 03/21/18
Botany is the study of plants (their physiology, structure, genetics, ecology, distribution and economic importance). Students who take a course (or courses) in botany will be fascinated by the complexity of the floral world which surrounds us.
Asked • 03/01/18
How would you define Botany in your own words?
Answered • 03/19/18
The study of plants is critical for understanding nature, and our place in the world. The class has some heavy vocabulary and some chemistry. Hire me and I will ensure that you have the tools needed to succeed here and beyond.
Asked • 03/01/18
How would you define Botany in your own words?
Answered • 03/19/18
Botany is a branch of biology that deals w/the study of non-animals. Its the study of simple to complex plants, their environments, diseases of said plants and how they function homeostatically.
Asked • 03/01/18
How would you define Botany in your own words?
Answered • 06/30/18
Do you know the anthers in Botany? You will, once you study how plants work. Like the human body they have veins, networks that deliver the nutrients from the roots to all points afterward. Unlike the human body, they get their energy through a process called photosynthesis.
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The Wyzant community of private tutors spans nationwide, making it easy to find an instructor nearby who can teach 1:1 Botany lessons online or in person. Pass the class, ace the test, or learn a new job skill. Compare tutor costs and qualifications and find your Botany tutor today.
Houston Botany tutors | Queens Botany tutors | San Antonio Botany tutors | Phoenix Botany tutors | Dallas Botany tutors | San Jose Botany tutors | Atlanta Botany tutors | Seattle Botany tutors | San Francisco Botany tutors | Tampa Botany tutors | Washington Botany tutors | Aurora Botany tutors | Raleigh Botany tutors | Anaheim Botany tutors | Westminster Botany tutors | Hartford Botany tutors | Plano Botany tutors | Garland Botany tutors | Lakeland Botany tutors | Boca Raton Botany tutors | Long Island City Botany tutors | Warren Botany tutors | {
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6,137 | There are two views in the Domains dashboard - the Card and List views. Click on the view icons to switch to your preferred view.
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6,138 | Learn how to apply new technologies for use in the classroom. Understand how the learning design process works for online teaching. Practice teaching case studies online.
Purpose
This three-workshop series is aimed at faculty who are looking to leverage technology in their online and face-to-face teaching, and to understand the basic principles of designing courses for the online environment. Learning designers, instructional technologists and other EdTech staff could also benefit from the workshops.
After the workshop, participants should be able to
choose from a wider range of technologies to enhance students’ learning in face-to-face and online management programs
use learning design principles to better structure their online courses
improve their effectiveness in teaching case studies online.
Read more...
To achieve these aims, the facilitators will share real-world best practices regarding the use of technology in management programs. Specifically, participants will be introduced to technologies which are used in the classroom and online and how online learning is structured at schools such as ESMT Berlin and its partners in the FOME (Future of Management Education) network. Together, workshop participants will reflect on this experience in terms of adopted online learning approaches/tools, achieved results, suggestions regarding the design & delivery process, etc.
The workshop series does not aim to make faculty members entirely autonomous in creating online courses. Instead, we aim to help faculty to understand which technologies can be implemented effectively in the classroom and online, and how learning design processes can assist with the delivery of any course or program.
Approach
This series of three workshops will provide participants with examples of technologies, an opportunity to apply these, as well as practical tools required to design an effective online or blended learning experience based on contemporary learning design principles, best practices and current trends in management education. Participants will gain value by exploring current trends and innovations and relating them to their own teaching. Participants will be surveyed about their experience and expectations before the workshops and the sessions will be tailored accordingly.
The workshops will be delivered by practitioners from the management education industry with extensive experience in high quality online learning. The workshop leader, Nick Barniville, is the Founder and Director of the EdTech Lab at ESMT Berlin. Prior to taking this position, he ran the school’s degree programs for 11 years.
Programme
Additional hands-on workshops in small groups can be designed according to the needs of the client.
Workshop #1 – Technology ideas to use in the classroom
Sharing the experience of Technology Enhanced Learning at ESMT Berlin, we will focus on how to integrate technology in business and management programmes.
Key questions
How can a school train and develop faculty in the use of technology in the classroom and online?
Which technologies can be incorporated in business or management programs?
How can these technologies assist in the learning process?
Which of these technologies would make sense for your faculty? How could they be implemented?
Workshop #2 – Design principles when moving from face-to-face to online: An introduction to the principles of learning design
Identify the key challenges in online and blended learning and discuss strategies and tools for potential solutions. Learn how to integrate appropriate media and other interventions to engage online learners, including different types of functionality to choose on your learning experience platform, assessments, discussion boards, feedback, analytics, as well as how best to make use of teaching assistants when available.
Key questions
How are learning design principles applied at course and session level?
How can technology be used effectively to create a balanced experience for students across the 3 Ps (presentation, practice and production)?
What added value can a learning designer, media specialist or instructional technologist offer throughout the design/delivery of an online course?
How to approach learning analytics and develop a continuous improvement processes
What tools are available for faculty and the technology support team?
Workshop #3 – Teaching cases online
The workshop aims to prepare participants to run effective online case discussions by offering experience-based best practices for each step in the process of designing and delivering high-impact online courses with the use of case studies.
Key questions
The workshop will address the fundamental questions that course instructors must consider in course and session design and delivery:
What’s different from traditional face-to-face format in online delivery for the student and for the professor? What are the constraints to prepare for; what are the opportunities and positive effects we can leverage for learning impact?
How to design case-based courses for blended delivery (combining on-campus and online, synchronous and asynchronous)?
How to deliver online sessions with case discussions?
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6,139 | Nobody ever proveen that live is a serious thing - thus I would advise You to sit back, relax and enjoy the my company in the a private room, I have a strong feeling You won't regret it. | {
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6,140 | Watch current porn videos in hd quality.Enjoy watching hot sex videos of young and horny women, asian and european teen girls, hot american women and lots of porn for free.
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6,141 | Ajay's music defies categories. That's why we like him. His music is upbeat, downbeat and sidebeat. There is a slight hint of his Indian roots combined with an interesting mix of Americana and good ol' rock 'n' roll.
Ajay writes, composes and mixes his own material. He has a knack for getting great musicians involved and turning every single one of his songs into something really special.
Latest album
The best way to describe the thread that runs through the genre-bending songs on Ajay Mathur’s newest album Little Boat is ‘resilience’. The songs are inspired by Ajay’s own life experiences and are about growing stronger in the face of adversity, bouncing back after going through tough situations and coming out the other side stronger and better. | {
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6,142 | By clicking Register, you agree to the Terms and Conditions set out by this site, including our Cookie Use. | {
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6,143 | We use technologies, such as cookies, on this site as described in our Cookie Policy. Some of these cookies are essential for the website to function. Other cookies are used for analysing the performance of the site, gaining insights and personalising adverts to your interests – we won’t set these without your consent. You can accept all cookies or set your own preferences using the buttons below.
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6,144 | A couple stories caught my attention on the news today, firstly a bull has destroyed an antiques shop in Lancashire – not quite a china shop but still unfortunate.
Then there’s a story about an ambulance driver in West Yorkshire who has been charged with speeding for doing 104 mph. He was driving with blue flashing lights and was performing an emergency transport of a liver at the time.
East Anglia Ambulance service have been sent 1,050 tickets in a year by police for their drivers clocked (a lot by speed cameras outside the local hospital).
Interesting stuff for those that don’t realise that the laws concerning police, ambulances and other emergency vehicles breaking the speed limit for emergencies is fairly ambiguous, and I feel sorry for the drivers themselves (particularly in life-threatening emergencies) who are put in this sort of situation. | {
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6,145 | Searching for "mysql database versioning" (see next post…) gives results with ‘databases’ and ‘version’ highlighted as well. Of course they might just be highlighting the alternative words but not actually using them, I’m not entirely sure yet! | {
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6,146 | Enterprise growth requires a multi-disciplinary method and there’s no ‘one size suits all’ technique. Although gross sales and enterprise improvement are different groups and functions, it is easy to see how essential it’s for each strategies to work in lock-step: efficient promoting isn’t doable with out dedicated enterprise growth, and business growth relationship-constructing can solely be achieved if a business has an answer and popularity for having the ability to assist meet a need out there.
If you happen to hope to cultivate strong relationships with prospects and prospects alike, having robust communication and other people skills—like the power to guide a friendly negotiation from begin to finish in order that the brand new prospects you bring on are happy with their choice, is essential.
A job of a sales person is to promote to prospects and potential clients. It’s certainly one of many high-compensating jobs in the market, which is just commensurate to the role and features of a enterprise growth professional. Tasks include designing & executing global recruiting methods, participating in strategic headcount planning & management, analyzing enterprise targets, and organizing recruitment occasions.
Beginning a new enterprise is way over simply hanging a sign out and waiting for purchasers to pour through the door and I am sure anyone willing to invest in a new enterprise is properly conscious of this truth. After gaining business experience and familiarity with the sector, professionals also can increase their resumes by acquiring Stage 3, four, and 5 diplomas in sales and advertising courses. A company spends varying quantities of time in an incubation program depending the kind of enterprise and the entrepreneur’s level of business expertise.
As an illustration, for those who run a SaaS enterprise in some instances, it would make sense to create a free model of the product (the so-known as freemium mannequin ) that turns into an important a part of the lead technology course of. As industries all over the world have develop into extra specialised, more and more individuals are mustering the courage to start their very own businesses.
Throughout this part of its existence, businesses expertise enlargement of its activities and enhancement of its customer base. Asking the correct questions will make sure that your new enterprise enterprise in retail sales will probably be part of the continuing development of retail businesses.
Every business, massive or small, has limitless scope to develop if it plans and implements proper business development strategies. Take a look at the growth of the enterprise over time. The slight slide in direction of gross sales is just because of the tactics business improvement employs to realize those objectives.
There are occasions when a company must work together on a particular enterprise opportunity. In short, they don’t seem to be typically simply folks that mastered the gross sales process; they are more like renaissance men and fast learners. In begin-ups or scale-ups, often a big a part of the each day enterprise is coping with customers and sales.
What’s enterprise development? A Business Growth Supervisor works to enhance a company’s market place and achieve financial growth. This role includes finding new clients and persuading current ones to buy additional companies. Failing to do that a common problem with companies and their sales groups and much more so with enterprise improvement professionals because the relationships they’ve and bringing to the table are sometimes held tightly and not given up simply.
Our group is dedicated to connecting you to the fitting folks and assets on the proper time — which is why you need to consider them an extension of your personal team. Assist drive the advertising and marketing technique fo the procure to play application suite, develop and personal product positioning, and assist in guiding market and aggressive evaluation.
Find all types of details about small businesses, proper from beginning a small enterprise, to getting government grants, analyzing the market, and many others. You will work intently with teams within Driivz and at clients to close deals leading to long-term partnerships.
Though you might be on the lookout for a straightforward definition of what business development is, you want to understand that this can be a self-discipline in continuous evolution, which has as a major driver enterprise development On this context, an excellent place to begin is to outline what enterprise development is just not.
21 Skills Each Business Growth Professional Should Have (Or Work On)
If you’re starting your own business it is important to provide you with a business improvement plan. As a substitute, have your salespeople spend part of their time doing sales canvassing or contacting with cold calls or emails people that don’t know your model When they grasp this process, they’ll also uncover insights about why your business didn’t manage to be recognized among beneficial segments of the market as effectively.
2. Excessive Chance Potential Shoppers: concentrating on three-5 specific companies which meet the core standards for being an excellent consumer ( when it comes to their measurement, sector, location, management, cultural match, and so forth.) and where they have the relationships already in place to face a great likelihood of profitable work.
Market Research
On common, incubator shoppers spend 33 months in a program.1 Oftentimes, graduation requirements are set by development benchmarks quite than time, equivalent to revenues or variety of staff.
One of many fundamental requirements for business development is to assess the current market worth, as is extra related to the growth and maintenance of the company. Business improvement professionals need to stay educated in regards to the current market in an effort to successfully target opportunities for progress. Their precedence is to help their firms acquire new customers and sell further products or services to current ones; this implies the role is a crucial one for any business with the ambition to expand or the necessity to diversify its clientele.
Nonetheless, automation, if finished with no coordination between the advertising and gross sales teams, it doesn’t add any value. Companies that do their homework properly and be part of collectively their enterprise mannequin with good infrastructure and finest practices create the potential to grow.
You have no obligation to observe by means of on their recommendations, but if you’re willing to take their recommendation you might well end up with a enterprise development technique that can work wonders for your small business. Most instances ending may be probably the most tough part of finishing a professional improvement plan.
This stems primarily, I consider, from the shift in titles of salespeople to business improvement – which has been accomplished in an effort to keep away from the unfavorable connotation that surrounds it. Doing some half-time or trip work in a enterprise that has a give attention to business growth will come in useful, but any expertise gained inside sales or enterprise administration shall be good for your CV and skill set.
Vogue Merchandising
Sales Government B2B will assist Marketplace for the Business division. An excellent business developer is able to constantly adjusting and high-quality-tuning the strategy primarily based on altering (market) situations and alternatives. In the case of generating or stimulating progress it will be a advertising and sales led course of that can start with positioning the enterprise and guaranteeing the products and services are proper for the market.
Business development professionals are also obligated to put in writing studies and provide feedback to upper management about what is and is not working. Will place Driivz as a strategic provider and emphasize the corporate’s superior worth proposition, whereas growing gives to satisfy the needs of such strategic prospects.
Environmental Points
A business improvement plan is a necessary device for all prudent entrepreneurs if they wish to remain in enterprise. Enterprise improvement is a time period that always might be fairly unclear and change in which means depending on who you are talking to. Almost everyone seems to be conversant in the essential capabilities of different teams across an organization — gross sales, engineering, finance, and many others.
This may also help to stop a standard situation that causes the business improvement individual to fail: Once gross sales start climbing, they’re pulled into account management to handle the additional workload. Although the sales group works to broaden the company as well, business developers work with other potential partners and businesses, somewhat than direct prospects.
business development executive multi bintang, business development executive job description, business development manager job desc
Crunchbase is the leading vacation spot the place you may uncover revolutionary corporations, join with the folks behind them, and uncover new opportunities. That’s when sales and advertising come collectively to create a customer-centric journey. Market development entails promoting extra of your service or product to repeat customers. This strategy works properly as a result of it creates an inner comparison amongst your merchandise and clients choose the cheaper ones, considering that they’re getting a very good deal.
12 Nov, 2021
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By Nelly
business development
business for beginners
December 2021
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6,147 | A cultural staple in the Toledo area since 1869. Please join us on Wednesday evenings at 7:00 at Oak Shade Grove.
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November 09, 2021
Join us Dec. 11 for our concert, ‘A Holiday to Remember’
The Toledo Swiss Singers, one of the area’s oldest singing groups, will join the Teutonia Chor for the holidays at their concert Dec. 11.
Holiday concert flyer
The concert, titled “A Holiday to Remember,” will feature familiar and classic holidays tunes, along with traditional Swiss and German songs. The special Saturday evening concert begins at 7:30 p.m. with delicious desserts sold à la carte before and after the performance at The Chalet at Oak Shade Grove, 3624 Seaman Road in Oregon.
Concert tickets are $15. For tickets, call Nancy Waters at (419) 666-7878 or (419) 290-3229. Deadline is Monday, Dec. 6.
Strudel Sale
The Swiss Singers are also holding a Strudel Sale this fall. Pre-order by calling (419) 698-8704 by Nov. 29. All sales will be available for pick-up at the concert. Cost is $10.
About the Singers
Currently under the direction of Micah Graber, the choir has been a cultural staple in the Toledo area since 1869 — that’s 152 years of celebrating Swiss culture in the area. The chorus in its current form has been around since 1924. Its aim is to retain and preserve the culture and songs of Switzerland, to live up to the singers’ ancestors’ tenets of faith and behavior, help others, and to be good citizens.
The Singers perform two concerts annually, including a wide variety of traditional Swiss, Broadway, Gospel and American music, as well as a special performance in February.
The group is part of the North American Swiss Singing Alliance (NASSA), made up of 14 choirs from Canada and the U.S. Singers compete internationally every three years; the next competition will be held in June 2021 in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
The nonprofit organization is also part of the larger German American Festival (GAF) Society, which most people associate with the festival held annually in August. The society consists of seven German-speaking societies. During the festival, the Singers set up and operate the Swiss Cheese Haus, along with the Stein Stossen contest. The GAF Festival draws more than 30,000 people on an average weekend and is the largest ethnic festival in this part of the country. | {
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6,148 | (Italy).- Merkur Gaming, a subsidiary of German Gauselmann Group, and supplier of Server-Based Gaming (SBG) terminals, Inspired Gaming Group, announced a special partnership for the Italian VLT market.
2010-09-17
Italy
Reading time 2:40 min
Inspired’s Open VLTTM platform is one of only three approved by AAMS for the Italian VLT market and the second to be installed in the country. The exciting collaboration between the two companies will combine the power of Inspired’s cutting-edge Open VLTTM platform with Merkur Gaming’s popular casino-style cabinets and extensive library of games, developed especially for the Italian VLT market.
Both companies have significant strengths to offer Italian operators and concessionaires. Merkur Gaming is a leading manufacturer and supplier of AWPs and casino slots for the international market, bringing to the strategic partnership a range of ultra-modern cabinet variants and decades of experience in designing top-performing games. Merkur Gaming is a trusted supplier of Comma 6a machines to the Italian market, offering the best choice of high quality cabinets and games. The same standard of high quality cabinets and games will now be available as VLT (Comma 6b) products on Inspired’s powerful Open VLTTM platform.
Inspired, the SBG specialist recently acquired and refinanced by leading London private equity firm Vitruvian Partners, is one of only three companies authorized to supply VLTs in Italy and was the second supplier to go live in venues in Italy. As well as its proven Open VLTTM platform, Inspired also has a leading range of High Definition VLT games and cabinets to bring to the partnership, including ‘Storm’ - the first and only HD GamingTM machine in the marketplace.
VLTs from “Merkur Inspired” are the most content focused in the marketplace. Merkur Gaming is launching a new range of VLT games: a mix of Merkur Gaming’s best performing Comma 6a games, modified for VLTs, and plenty of exciting new releases. As well as quality content from Merkur Gaming, Inspired’s Open VLTTM system also has top games from Inspired’s game development team and other leading content providers including Magic Dreams, Max Gaming, Psiclone and Blueprint.
The “Merkur Inspired” collaboration therefore offers an unprecedented range of cabinets and games, all available on Inspired’s Open VTLTM platform. The range of cabinets includes Inspired’s HD GamingTM widescreen ‘Storm’ and casino-style ‘Prospero’, and Merkur Gaming’s elegant ‘WB4’ upright casino-style cabinet and innovative ‘Slant Top’ with special chrome features and lighting effects, both exclusively manufactured by adp Gauselmann GmbH in Luebbecke, Germany.
Jens Stradtmann, CEO of Merkur Gaming, commented: “Merkur Inspired is a winning combination of innovative Open VLTTM technology, the most successful and exciting games especially developed for the Italian VLT market and state of the art cabinets. Merkur Gaming is already very successful in the Comma 6a market and our focus has always been to deliver the best games and cabinets to the Italian gaming industry. With the birth of VLTs in Italy, we are convinced that our experience in the Comma 6a market and the high quality of all our products will be very popular with operators and players, guaranteeing the success of Merkur Inspired in the Italian VLT market.”
Luke Alvarez, CEO of Inspired, commented: “The future of VLT has arrived in Italy – this partnership will dramatically shake up the market, setting a new standard for VLTs. Italy is a key market for Inspired and we are already making an impact with the strength of our VLT system and range of compelling VLT products. Because we believe in always excelling the competition, our Open VLT platform is built to be ‘open’ to partnerships with the industry’s best companies. Merkur Gaming is the perfect hardware and content partner for us on this project and we are very excited about the results of our collaboration. We’re proud to be one of only three approved suppliers and now we’re looking to strengthen our position by increasing our customers’ access to a range of cabinets and content from Europe’s leading manufacturer and games developer.”
The two companies will be exhibiting the compelling results of their VLT partnership at the ENADA show in Rome from 6th- 8th October, where they will be sharing Stand 67 in Hall Four.
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6,149 | The poppy-themed illumination, designed by Sarah Atkinson, Executive Assistant to the Vice Chancellor, was commissioned in remembrance of the University's eighty-four former students who were amongst the thousands who fought and died in the First World War.
Professor Karen Stanton, Vice Chancellor of York St John University, said “It is fitting that we commemorate Armistice Day by also honouring our distinguished alumnus John ‘Jack’ Harrison VC, MC at our graduation ceremony this year, 100 years after his extraordinary achievements and sacrifice. I am delighted that Jack’s family will be at our graduation ceremony in York Minster to receive the honorary award on his behalf”.
2017 marks the centenary of Jack’s death, when on 3 May 1917, during the capture of Oppy Wood, he lost his life during an attack by the East Yorkshire Regiment in the third year of the war. A 2nd Lieutenant, Jack silenced an enemy machine-gun post single-handedly for which he was posthumously awarded a Victoria Cross. He had already received a Military Cross for successfully leading a patrol into no-man’s land in February 1917.
Jack Harrison trained to be a teacher at St John’s College, the precursor to York St John University, before serving in the East Yorkshire Regiment. He represented the College at rugby, cricket and swimming and was captain of the rugby team.
On completing his studies, Jack returned to his native Hull to teach at Lime Street Council School. He also continued to play rugby and his first game for the rugby league club, Hull FC, took place on 5 September 1912. Becoming a popular local celebrity, he scored 52 tries in the 1914-1915 season, a record which has never been surpassed.
Jack Harrison will be awarded a posthumous Honorary Fellowship on Tuesday 14 November.
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6,152 | ‘I hope they can sleep tonight’: Fresno residents disappointed after city council votes on redistricting map recommendation
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Brazil businesses lean on government to shift climate stance
News
by: FRANK JORDANS and DÉBORA ÁLVARES, Associated Press
Posted: Nov 9, 2021 / 11:21 AM PST / Updated: Nov 9, 2021 / 01:21 PM PST
FILE – In this Nov. 30, 2019 file photo, a section of Amazon rainforest stands next to soy fields in Belterra, Para state, Brazil. Powerful businesses are urging Brazil’s President Jair Bolsonaro to give up its long-standing resistance on key issues at this year’s U.N. climate talks, arguing the country can’t afford to pass up the chance to use its vast natural wealth in the fight against global warming. Last week, Brazil surprised observers by joining an international pledge to halt and reverse deforestation by 2030. (AP Photo/Leo Correa, file)
GLASGOW, Scotland (AP) — Powerful businesses are urging Brazilian President Jair Bolsonaro to give up the country’s long-standing resistance on key issues at this year’s U.N. climate talks, arguing that Brazil can’t afford to pass up the chance to use its vast natural wealth in the fight against global warming.
The Brazilian Business Council for Sustainable Development, which says it represents companies behind almost half of the Latin American nation’s economy, has called upon the government to clamp down on illegal deforestation and ease its hardline stance over carbon markets.
Those efforts, which echo similar demands by international investors and U.S. lawmakers, appeared to be bearing fruit.
Last week, Brazil surprised observers by joining an international pledge to halt and reverse deforestation by 2030. And a speech Wednesday by Brazil’s environment minister is expected to see the country lay out a new position on carbon markets that could help break long-running deadlock on the issue.
“We have positive signs from the government,” said Marina Grossi, president of the business group known by its Portuguese acronym CEBDS and includes mining giants Anglo American and Vale, and oil firms Petrobras and Shell.
Grossi said Brazil’s private sector believes the country can achieve its target of reaching net zero emissions by 2050 — a date recently brought forward from 2060 — by protecting the huge carbon-absorbing Amazon.
“It’s a great opportunity,” she told The Associated Press in an interview Tuesday. “Our big elephant in the room is illegal deforestation.”
Brazil’s government has paid little heed to similar demands from environmental groups. But Grossi said big businesses may be better placed to win over Bolsonaro’s right-wing government, which faces an election next year.
“The private sector was saying it’s good for business, it’s not ideological,” she said.
In addition to being able to boost its emissions reduction efforts by saving the Amazon, Brazil could benefit greatly if countries at this year’s U.N. climate talks reach agreement on the issue of carbon markets. Known as ‘Article 6,’ efforts to resolve the issue have eluded negotiators for years, but officials are optimistic that a breakthrough might be possible in Glasgow.
Brazil would likely have to compromise on its demands to hold onto questionable carbon credits it amassed under a previous agreement. But a deal that provides rigorous rules for carbon markets could make Brazil a prime destination in the future for countries and companies hoping to offset their own excess emissions.
There are signs that Brazil’s government will relinquish its claims to old carbon credits. One minister and an environment ministry aide involved in the negotiations in Glasgow told the AP that the decision to do so has already been made. Brazil would likely seek to leverage the reversal of its position to extract benefits, they said. Both spoke on condition of anonymity because talks are private and ongoing.
Speaking in a panel discussion, Brazil’s Environment Minister Joaquim Leite highlighted the need for developing countries to receive more than the $100 billion in financial support promised by rich nations to help achieve a global green transition.
“A study came out days ago from a bank saying $5 trillion per year, both public and private,” Leite said, adding that Brazil needs to have clear policies and incentives to foment green development.
But some investors remain skeptical whether the current Brazilian government will change its approach to deforestation, climate change and the rights of indigenous people.
Kiran Aziz, head of responsible investments at Norway’s biggest pension fund, KLP, said there were signs that “smokescreens are being put forward instead of genuine measures to tackle deforestation, trace supply chains and promote sustainable agriculture which protects local communities’ rights.
“As a global investor, we have to be honest and open that the head of the country is repelling foreign investment by his path towards the destruction of its forests,” he said. “Whatever environment minister Leite says, it is Bolsonaro who calls the shots.”
___ Álvares reported from Brasilia. ___
Follow AP’s coverage of the climate talks at http://apnews.com/hub/climate
Copyright 2021 The Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.
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1 dead after multiple collisions near Chowchilla
by John Houghton / Dec 3, 2021
MADERA COUNTY, Calif. (KSEE/KGPE) — One person is dead after a multiple-vehicle crash in extremely foggy conditions Friday morning on Highway 152, according to California Highway Patrol officers.
CHP officers said they received a call around 8:30 a.m. of a two-vehicle crash involving a semi-truck on eastbound Highway 152 and Road 9.
Read the Full Article
Woman hospitalized after fiery crash over Fresno County cliff
by Justin Walker / Dec 3, 2021
FRESNO COUNTY, Calif. (KSEE/KGPE) — A woman has been hospitalized after her vehicle crashed in a mountainous region of Fresno County Friday.
Around 8:30 a.m., fire officials say a woman was driving a vehicle eastbound on Highway 168 near Auberry where the highway becomes four lanes. For an unknown reason, crews say the woman drove off the highway, over the edge, and into the valley below.
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1 dead, 2 injured in crash near Kerman, CHP says low visibility a factor
by John Houghton / Dec 3, 2021
KERMAN, Calif. (KSEE/KGPE) — A van collided with a big rig killing a man near Kerman in thick fog Friday morning, according to California Highway Patrol officers.
The crash happened around 7:00 a.m. near Jensen Avenue and Highway 145.
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‘I hope they can sleep tonight’: Fresno residents disappointed after city council votes on redistricting map recommendation | {
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6,153 | ‘I hope they can sleep tonight’: Fresno residents disappointed after city council votes on redistricting map recommendation
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Laurent Gbagbo launches new political party in Ivory Coast
U.S. & World
by: TOUSSAINT N'GOTTA, Associated Press
Posted: Oct 16, 2021 / 09:26 AM PDT / Updated: Oct 16, 2021 / 09:26 AM PDT
ABIDJAN, Ivory Coast (AP) — Former Ivorian President Laurent Gbagbo launched a new political party Saturday, formally breaking ties with those who ran his former party while he spent years facing war crimes charges at the International Criminal Court.
Gbagbo, 76, who returned home in June after his acquittal was upheld, announced a few months later that he would be setting up a new party in order to avoid legal battles with his former ally, Pascal Affi N’Guessan.
Gbagbo was extradited to The Hague in 2011 and his Ivorian Popular Front party splintered three years later — with one faction led by N’Guessan, while former first lady Simone Gbagbo played a prominent role in the other.
Organizers say the proposed name of Gbagbo’s new party is the African People’s Party — Ivory Coast, shortened to its French acronym, PPA-CI.
On Saturday, Gbagbo greeted a crowd of more than 1,600 delegates in Abidjan, many holding small flags bearing his image. The ex-president is expected to address his supporters on Sunday, organizers said.
The creation of Gbagbo’s political new party comes amid lingering questions about his future political aspirations. He served as president from 2000 until his arrest in 2011 after he refused to concede defeat to Alassane Ouattara. The post-election conflict left more than 3,000 people dead and brought the country back to the brink of civil war.
Ouattara ultimately prevailed and has been the president of Ivory Coast ever since. Ouattara won a controversial third term late last year after the opposition claimed many of its candidates were disqualified, including Gbagbo.
On Saturday, the executive director of the ruling party, Adama Bictogo, was among those in attendance at the party congress.
“For us, coming to witness the birth of a new party led by President Laurent Gbagbo reinforces the existing democratic vitality and it will help with the advancement of democracy,” he said.
Notably absent, though, was the former first lady, Simone Gbagbo, who had traveled to Congo. Charles Ble Goude, Gbagbo’s former youth leader who also was acquitted at the ICC, also did not attend.
Laurent Gbagbo spent eight years awaiting trial on the war crimes charges. A judge acquitted him in 2019, saying prosecutors failed to prove their case. The verdict was appealed but upheld in late March, clearing the way for Gbagbo to leave Belgium, where he had spent the past two years.
While some had feared his return could set off new unrest, Gbagbo was received by Ouattara himself and has mostly maintained a low profile. Some of Gbagbo’s opponents, though, maintain he should have been jailed in Ivory Coast upon his return and not given a statesman’s welcome.
___
Associated Press writer Krista Larson in Dakar, Senegal contributed.
Copyright 2021 The Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.
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6,156 | Although your chiropractor at Schroeder Family Chiropractic utilizes spinal adjustments as the main method of treatment, he or she may add certain adjunctive therapies to provide the most effective care.
Spinal Adjustments
The chiropractic spinal adjustment represents the cornerstone of your treatment.
A spinal adjustment is the process of applying a quick and gentle pressure to "subluxated", or fixated, vertebrae in a corrective manner. The adjustments are not and should not be painful. In fact, most patients look forward to their chiropractic adjustments as they usually provide immediate relief from discomfort. Many years of study and practice have been acquired to master the skills of providing an effective and safe spinal adjustment.
Research has shown spinal adjustments to be the most effective treatment in numerous conditions including back pain. This is because spinal adjustments correct many of the structural, biomechanical, and neurological dusfunctions origniating at the spine which cause or contribute to a high number of back, neck and other non-spinal ailments.
Extremity Adjustments
Depending on your condition, you may benefit from extremity adjustments. The doctors are trained in extraspinal care, ranging from shoulders to ankles, wrists, elbows, knees, etc. Speed up the healing of an injury or simply increase the range of motion in a joint to improve function and relieve pain.
Myofacial Release
This movement-based therapy helps loosen localized tightness in a muscle. You and Dr. Schroeder will work together to release scar tissue and fascial adhesions to restore normal function and range of motion.
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Instrument-Assisted Soft Tissue Mobilization
A tool is used to realign muscle fibers, freeing them from overuse adhesions or fibrotic scar tissue. Clearing out these adhesions and scar tissue will help your muscles move freely, increasing range of motion and decreasing tightness.
Rocktape
Rocktape application benefits athletes and non-athletes alike. Improve your posture at work or on the road with postural taping. Decompress overloaded tissues. Stimulate muscles to better perform, balancing muscle tension. Relieve the stress of the extra baby weight for pregnant women.
Rehabilitation Exercise
We will assess your condition and may prescribe specific strengthening and stabilizing exercises and stretches to support your rehabilitation. As we progress in your healing, strengthing exercises will be focused on increasing stability around the injury, while normalizing proprioception to protect from new injuries and recurrences of past problems.
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Stretching
Therapeutic stretching is important to prevent scar tissue and adhesion formation following injury. Stretching is most effective when initiated early on in the treatment plan before scar tissues become permanent. Dr. Schroeder will determine what needs to be stretched, then the appropriate form of stretching will be incorporated into care. You may be taught and assigned helpful static stretching and/or dynamic stretching. She will also stretch you out during your visit. PNF (Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation) is an active form of stretching, where you and the doctor will be working together to release adhesions by alternating between muscle contraction then relaxation.
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Ergonomics
If appropriate, your doctor may address ergonomic training and education to reduce work or school-related injuries. Optimal workstation setup, proper lifting techniques, adequate physical conditioning, and the employment of appropriate safety precautions all play important roles in your health and injury prevention.
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Diet & Nutritional Counseling
The doctors at Schroeder Family Chiropractic have received thorough training in diet and nutrition. They can offer advice, nutritional support, and/or a nutritional program to assist in your personal healing process. Along with chiropractic care, this nutrtional focus will help to assist your body in achieving and maintaining optimal health and superior wellness.
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Lifestyle Modification Counseling
Good health is much more than the absence of pain or discomfort. Health exists along a very wide scale and where you lie on that scale largely depends on the lifestyle choices you make on a daily basis. Years of many small unhealthy choices can manifest into very serious health problems. Unhealthy choices include habitual poor posture, improper lifting techniques, excessive alcohol consumption, smoking, excessive reliance on medication, excessive soda and energy drink consumption, excessive sugar consumption, lack of nutritious fruits and vegetables, and excessive mental stress. These slowly chip away at your good health. We can help you sort through and identify those unhealthy decisions and provide you with practical strategies to deal with and effectively manage them.
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6,157 | The Washington State Senate just approved a BPA ban in a 36-to-9 vote, the Seattle Times just. <"https://www.yourlawyer.com/practice_areas/toxic_substances">Bisphenol A—BPA—will be banned in baby bottles and sippy cups, as well as food containers intended for children aged three and younger, added the paper.
According to the Seattle Times, the House also passed another, similar measure last week that included a BPA ban on reusable-plastic sports bottles. Although the Senate and House need to iron out the two bills’ differences, it is believed that Washington State will be the third state—following Connecticut and Massachusetts—to ban BPA in some products, reported the Seattle Times. Other states are scheduled to undergo similar debates.
The bills passed by both houses would take effect in the summer of 2011 and could result in fines for retailers and manufacturers violating the ban, explained the Seattle Times. Senator Karen Keiser (Democrat-Kent), head of the Health and Long-Term Care Committee, said, “This is not a huge step”; however, “It is a first step. It’s a statement,” quoted the Seattle Times.
Most recently, said Science Daily, a research team from Peninsula Medical School and the University of Exeter, United Kingdom, found a link between the estrogenic chemical and cardiovascular disease and that urinary BPA levels were one-third lower than those reported in 2003-2004; however, higher BPA concentrations in urine were connected with cardiovascular disease in 2005-2006, as well as to some liver enzymes, said Science Daily. The team’s 2008 paper was the first to link BPA and heart diseases, said Science Daily, noting that this new information confirms those findings.
A different, recently published study just linked the chemical to intestinal problems. That study, published in the Proceedings of the National Academy Sciences Journal revealed the hormone mimicker does, in fact, cause harm to intestines, said MLive.com, which noted that intestines are the first organ in contact with the chemical following ingestion of BPA. Another study, conducted by the Yale School of Medicine, found that “nonhuman primates†exposed to BPA levels deemed safe by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) experienced “interference with brain cell connections†that appeared to be BPA-associated, said Daily Finance previously.
BPA was developed in the 1930s as an estrogenic mimicker and appears to cause significant disruption to the body’s endocrine system. In urine tests, BPA is found in the overwhelming majority of Americans, more than 93 percent and, significantly, the chemical is found in 90 percent of all newborns. Given that BPA has been connected to increased risks of brain, reproductive, cardiac, and immune system diseases and disorders; problems with liver function testing; interruptions in chemotherapy treatment; and links with serious health problems, this is a serious issue.
Studies have overwhelmingly found BPA to have negative effects at doses lower than current Food & Drug Administration standards; retention in the body longer than was previously believed; leeching into liquids being held in containers regardless of the containers’ temperature; and longer lasting damage, which some feel can be passed to future generations. Recent reports link high levels of exposure to BPA to erectile dysfunction and other sexual problems in males.
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Butterfly Palm Tree, 150cm (Artificial)
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Glamorous Fusion
Butterfly Palm Tree, 150cm (Artificial)
$149.95
$127.46
Create a sensational look in your interior with the lush look of the Butterfly Palm Tree, 150cm (Artificial) from Glamorous Fusion. read more
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description
Create a sensational look in your interior with the lush look of the Butterfly Palm Tree, 150cm (Artificial) from Glamorous Fusion.
Crafted with a combination of fabric, plastic, and wire to create a true-to-life plant replica for your home
Features intricate detailing on the leaves and stems for a vibrant touch of greenery
Botanically accurate to provide a hyper-realistic look in your home
Nested in a black pot which complements the faux plant and keeps it standing
Great for a busy household with its easy maintenance compared to the short lifespan of a real plant
Perfect for creating a focal point in your living room, dining area, or entryway for an added feature
NOTE: To maintain the natural long-lasting qualities of your plant, keep them out of direct sunlight
specifications
SKU
GL551HS65BNIZANUI
Product Range
Butterfly Palm
Size(s)
105W x 82D x 150H cm
Colour
Green
Production Country
China
Materials
Plastic
Material Details
Polyester, plastic, wire
Box Contents
1 x artificial plant
Assembly
Fully assembled
Care Instructions
Dust regularly
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In the unlikely event that your item arrives damaged or faulty, please notify Zanui as soon as possible for a replacement (if available), store credit or a full refund. Please submit a damage / faulty return request to our Customer Care Team to assist you with your return.
about the brand
Glamorous fusion aims to inspire with their diverse range, offering beautiful trendy pieces to invigorate your home. | {
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6,160 | Free shipping is available only on selected products to selected areas. The following postcodes are excluded from all free shipping offers: 0800 - 0999, 2880 - 2889, 2898 - 2899, 4454 - 4499, 4694 - 4999, 5201 - 5749, 6215 - 6799, 7151 - 7154 and 9920 - 9998.
Further postcode exclusions may apply depending on the selected product and in some cases may be limited to Sydney, Melbourne, Brisbane and Canberra metro areas. To see if free shipping on a selected product to a postcode is available, please use the shipping estimator on the product page.
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Please note that we cannot guarantee these products will come back in stock or will be at the same price as advertised due to supplier stock availability and currency fluctuations. We will always try to provide you with the best price.
Homewares
Tableware
Plates & Bowls
Bowls
Dark Blue Porcelain Round Bowl
Save this for later by adding it to your Wishlist!
vtwonen
Dark Blue Porcelain Round Bowl
from
$19.95
Serve your favourite recipes using the aesthetically pleasing Dark Blue Porcelain Round Bowl from vtwonen. read more
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details & specifications
delivery & returns
description
Serve your favourite recipes using the aesthetically pleasing Dark Blue Porcelain Round Bowl from vtwonen.
Made from pure, premium porcelain for supreme quality to withstand daily use
Features an elegant, sleek design which adds a modern flare to your table setting
Glossy finish exudes a mark of elegance which looks and feels exquisite every time
Perfect for serving your delicious dishes and recipes and adds a pop of colour to keep them looking appetizing
specifications
SKU
VT503HS54AYJZANUI
Product Range
Dark Blue
Size(s)
15W x 15D x 8H cm
20.5W x 20.5D x 10H cm
23.5W x 23.5D x 12H cm
Colour
Dark blue
Production Country
China
Materials
Porcelain
Box Contents
1 x bowl
Assembly
Fully assembled
Warranty Information
1 year Manufacturer's Warranty
Care Instructions
Dishwasher Safe
delivery information
This item is shipped via Australia Post or a similar carrier. Service included:
Dispatch notification
Online tracking
Authority to leave (if selected)
Delivery to ground floor entrance
All Zanui orders are delivered during business hours. If you order multiple items from our website, you may receive multiple deliveries shipped by multiple carriers since items may be sent from different warehouse locations.
For more information on our delivery process, please check our Help Centre.
Christmas returns
All orders placed between the 1st November and the 25th December in a calendar year can be returned up until the 31st January of the following calendar year.
Change of mind
If you change your mind about a purchase, you can return the item and opt for a store credit or a refund.
Please note that a 5% restocking fee along with your return freight cost will be deducted from the final refund or store credit amount.
We require the item to be unused and in its original packaging. If the item is not returned to us in the original packaging and in original condition, we reserve the right to not accept the return and you will be responsible for the cost of receiving your returned goods back to you. This also includes not packing the item up sufficiently to avoid damage in transit back to us.
Please note that not all the products are eligible for change of mind returns.
Eligibility for change of mind return is outlined in Products Details and Specifications.
The following categories are not eligible for a “Change of Mind” return:
Mattresses, bedding, pillows and sofa covers
Cushions and throws
Home appliances
All forms of clearance stock
Personalised items
Gift Cards
Orders for commercial or non-domestic use
Items that have been assembled, used, damaged, altered, washed or laundered
“Made to order” products
Damaged or Faulty
In the unlikely event that your item arrives damaged or faulty, please notify Zanui as soon as possible for a replacement (if available), store credit or a full refund. Please submit a damage / faulty return request to our Customer Care Team to assist you with your return. | {
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6,161 | Tom is a technology reporter for ZDNet.com, writing about all manner of security and open-source issues.Tom had various jobs after leaving university, including working for a company that hired out computers as props for films and televisio…n, and a role turning the entire back catalogue of a publisher into e-books.Tom eventually found that journalism was for him, and after a period of freelancing, landed a job as security reporter for ZDNet UK. He covers the security beat, writing about everything from hacking and cybercrime to threats and mitigation. He also focuses on open source and emerging technologies, all the while trying to cut through greenwash.
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6,162 | Construction Materials Institute 278 followers on LinkedIn Construction Material Institute (CMI) at the University of Tehran facilitates the transfer of academic insight to the construction industry and addresses the need for knowledge-based solutions in the construction sector. CMI has successfully conducted numerous industrial research projects that have led to the resolution of several
Institute of Construction Materials University of Stuttgart
The Institute of Construction Materials deals with the topics "Construction Materials" and "Fastenings and Strengthening". The Insitute offers a broad range of research from production and processing of high performance building materials, topics of energy optimised building constructions, construction maintenance, energetic retrofitting and modernization up to innovative methods of fastening
CII Home Construction Industry Institute
Construction Technology 30-45% Adoption of proven technology can improve construction industry productivity by 30-45%, as well as improve material predictability and reliability.
Construction Materials ICE Virtual Library
17-11-2020· Construction Materials is a journal covering the procurement, specification, application, development, performance and evaluation of materials.
CMI Construction Materials Institute
What is the abbreviation for Construction Materials Institute? What does CMI stand for? CMI abbreviation stands for Construction Materials Institute.
ICONSMAT Institute of Construction Materials
Special Issue on Sustainable Materials in Petroleum and Chemical Engineering . Arash Fellah Jahromi, the lead guest editor from the University of Ottawa, Canada, and his team are inviting you to submit your papers for publication in the next Special Issue of the Journal of Construction Materials.
Home Institute of Construction Materials & Technologies
ICOMAT, Institute for Construction Materials & Technologies Pvt Ltd. A company incubated by IIT Madras. "ICOMAT has received NABL Accreditation in accordance with ISO/IEC 17025:2005 for its first set/scope of Testings"
Laboratory of Construction Materials ‐ EPFL
The Laboratory of Construction Materials (LMC) is a competence centre for all construction materials and carries out testing on demand for partners of the construction industry . The Power Technology Group. The LMC is also home of the Powder Technology Group (PTG) led by Prof. Paul Bowen. The PTG joined the LMC in 2018 .
MATERIALS OF CONSTRUCTION Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt
Turkey Turkish Standards Institute (TSE) England British Standards Institute (BSI) Germany Deutsche Institute Norm (DIN) U.S. American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) Europe European Committee for Standardization (CEN) Standardization Institutes
Institute of Materials, Minerals and Mining IOM3
Welcome to the Institute of Materials, Minerals & Mining. The global network for the materials cycle, promoting sustainability in the extraction, processing and use of materials across all sectors . See our special interest sectors.
Home Institute of Construction Materials & Technologies
ICOMAT, Institute for Construction Materials & Technologies Pvt Ltd. A company incubated by IIT Madras. "ICOMAT has received NABL Accreditation in accordance with ISO/IEC 17025:2005 for its first set/scope of Testings"
Institute of Construction Materials University of Stuttgart
The Institute of Construction Materials deals with the topics "Construction Materials" and "Fastenings and Strengthening". The Insitute offers a broad range of research from production and processing of high performance building materials, topics of energy optimised building constructions, construction maintenance, energetic retrofitting and modernization up to innovative methods of
CII Materials Management Construction Industry
Materials and related services account for a large percentage of a capital project’s total installed cost (TIC). Decisions made in the early stages of a project are critical to project success and there is considerable opportunity for cost savings if materials are properly planned and controlled.
Construction Specifications Institute Wikipedia
The Construction Specifications Institute (CSI) is a United States national association of more than 8,000 construction industry professionals who are experts in building construction and the materials used therein. The Institute is dedicated to improving the communication of construction information through a diversified membership base of allied professionals involved in the creation and
Home [mpa.tu-braunschweig.de]
The Civil Engineering Materials Testing Institute (MPA BS) in Braunschweig is an independent institution in the construction sector, with a focus on fire safety, structural integrity as
LCI Databases Athena Sustainable Materials Institute
The Athena Institute has developed data not only for building materials and products but also for energy use, transportation, construction and demolition processes including on-site construction of a building’s assemblies, maintenance, repair and replacement effects
Athena Sustainable Materials Institute
Life cycle assessment (LCA) is the science behind environmental footprinting. The Athena Institute works with sustainability leaders in product manufacturing, building design, construction, and green labelling programs to enable smaller footprints in the production and consumption of construction materials.
The Steel Construction Institute (SCI) UK Global Steel
SCI (the Steel Construction Institute) has been a trusted, independent source of information and engineering expertise globally for over 30 years, and remains the leading, independent provider of technical expertise and disseminator of best practice to the steel construction sector.
VietNam Institute For Building Materials. > Home
VietNam Institute For Building Materials. VIETNAM INSTITUTE FOR BUILDING MATERIALS. VIỆN VẬT LIỆU XÂY DỰNG. Established on 04/11/1969. Hotline: 024 Organic materials and construction chemicals. Cement and concrete. Products & Services. VIBM activities. Vol.1/2015.
Material Institute
Material Institute is a progressive arts center in New Orleans’ 9th Ward providing resources to a new generation of New Orleans’ artists. It is a project of the Museum of Old and New Art (MONA). Material Institute is a learning environment that serves as a space
Home Institute of Construction Materials & Technologies
ICOMAT, Institute for Construction Materials & Technologies Pvt Ltd. A company incubated by IIT Madras. "ICOMAT has received NABL Accreditation in accordance with ISO/IEC 17025:2005 for its first set/scope of Testings"
CII Materials Management Construction Industry
An integrated process for planning and controlling all necessary efforts to make certain that the quality and quantity of materials and equipment are appropriately specified in a timely manner, are obtained at a reasonable cost, and are available when needed.
Staff — Institute of Construction Materials — TU Dresden
this institute WebCMS; Internal Institute of Construction Materials; Research Show submenu. Reasearch area; Forschungsprojekte; SPP 2005; Graduiertenkolleg 2250/1; abgeschlossene Promotionen; Publications; abgeschlossene Forschungsprojekte; Graduiertenkolleg 2250/1 Show submenu. Program;
Construction Specifications Institute Wikipedia
The Construction Specifications Institute (CSI) is a United States national association of more than 8,000 construction industry professionals who are experts in building construction and the materials used therein. The Institute is dedicated to improving the communication of construction information through a diversified membership base of allied professionals involved in the creation and
Athena Sustainable Materials Institute
Life cycle assessment (LCA) is the science behind environmental footprinting. The Athena Institute works with sustainability leaders in product manufacturing, building design, construction, and green labelling programs to enable smaller footprints in the production and consumption of construction materials.
Buildings & Construction NIST
15-01-2021· Disaster resilience of a building or a community is the capability to quickly restore full functionality following an extreme event. Buildings play a critical When people ask NIST employees what they do, we often rely on the somewhat nebulous term “measurement science.” To
Wood: renewable construction material of the future
It's even being touted as our only significant renewable construction material. Secondary forests, sustainably managed. To assess sustainability, the entire life cycle of a product must be considered.
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An Inside Look at Special Inspections and Materials Testing. Jan 20, 6:30 PM 8:00 PM (ET) Board Blog From the Institute Board October 2020 Read More. Construction Specifier BIG Finishes Designing the Smile in NYC. Read More. construction specifier
Building and Construction CSI Specifications ARCAT
Free Building Product Specifications All of ARCAT specs are written by CSI Fellows. ARCAT Specs are complete, accurate, and in the CSI 3-part and the Canadian CSC formats for building and construction professionals. Our building product and material specifications are free to view and download in DOC, RTF or Text.
National Institute for Materials Science NIMS
National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS) 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0047, JAPAN TEL.+81-(0)-29-859-2000 FAX.+81-(0)-29-859-2029 NIMS Twitter; NIMS Facebook; NIMS YouTube; NIMS Instagram; Contact About NIMS. Our Profile
CII Materials Management Construction Industry
An integrated process for planning and controlling all necessary efforts to make certain that the quality and quantity of materials and equipment are appropriately specified in a timely manner, are obtained at a reasonable cost, and are available when needed.
Staff — Institute of Construction Materials — TU Dresden
this institute WebCMS; Internal Institute of Construction Materials; Research Show submenu. Reasearch area; Forschungsprojekte; SPP 2005; Graduiertenkolleg 2250/1; abgeschlossene Promotionen; Publications; abgeschlossene Forschungsprojekte; Graduiertenkolleg 2250/1 Show submenu. Program;
Publication Archive Institute of Construction Materials
Journal of Construction Materials. ISSN 2652-3752. DOI 10.36756 . Search for articles:
Construction Materials Testing Concrete NICET
The Construction Materials Testing Concrete certification program was designed for field and laboratory technicians engaged in the testing and inspection of construction materials. Knowledge of engineering properties of construction materials used in buildings, roads, and related civil engineering projects and knowledge of testing specifications, practices, methods, and materials evaluation is
Construction Materials Testing Soils NICET
The Construction Materials Testing Soils certification program was designed for field and laboratory technicians engaged in the testing and inspection of construction materials. Knowledge of engineering properties of construction materials used in buildings, roads, and related civil engineering projects and knowledge of testing specifications, practices, methods, and materials evaluation is
Athena Sustainable Materials Institute
Life cycle assessment (LCA) is the science behind environmental footprinting. The Athena Institute works with sustainability leaders in product manufacturing, building design, construction, and green labelling programs to enable smaller footprints in the production and consumption of construction materials.
Buildings & Construction NIST
15-01-2021· Disaster resilience of a building or a community is the capability to quickly restore full functionality following an extreme event. Buildings play a critical When people ask NIST employees what they do, we often rely on the somewhat nebulous term “measurement science.” To
Home Construction Specifications Institute
An Inside Look at Special Inspections and Materials Testing. Jan 20, 6:30 PM 8:00 PM (ET) Board Blog From the Institute Board October 2020 Read More. Construction Specifier BIG Finishes Designing the Smile in NYC. Read More. construction specifier
National Institute for Materials Science NIMS
National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS) 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0047, JAPAN TEL.+81-(0)-29-859-2000 FAX.+81-(0)-29-859-2029 NIMS Twitter; NIMS Facebook; NIMS YouTube; NIMS Instagram; Contact About NIMS. Our Profile
IOM3 Materials World
Materials World is the flagship IOM3 members' magazine, specifically devoted to the engineering materials cycle, from mining and extraction, The Institute is a body incorporated by Royal Charter and a charity registered in England & Wales (269275) and in Scotland (SC050586). | {
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6,163 | cement crusher for sale. Ball Mill For Sale, Used Ball Mills For Sale, Cement Ball Mills Ltd is a credible manufacturer in grinding mill and crusher, it has the .
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A cement mill (or finish mill in North American usage) is the equipment used to grind the hard, nodular clinker from the cement kiln into the fine grey powder that is cement.Most cement is currently ground in ball mills and also vertical roller mills which are more effective than ball mills.
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6,164 | The aim of endodontic therapy is to remove the infection and root out the bacteria from the root canal system (Sjogren U, Fidgor D, Persson S, Sundqvist G. Influence of infection at the time of root filling on the outcome of endodontic treatment of teeth with periapical periodontitits Int. End. J 1997; 30(5): 297-306).
The instrumentation is unable to root out the bacterial load by itself (Bystrom A, Sundqvist G. Bacteriologic evaluation of the efficacy of mechanical root canal instrumentation in endodontic therapy. Scan J Dent Res 1981; 89(4): 321-8).
These findings have been confirmed by subsequent works, as well, such as Dalton et Al.’s (Dalton BC et Al. bacterial reduction with nickel-titanium rotary instrumentation. J Endod 1998; 24(11): 763-7), which pointed out that there is no noticeable difference in root canal cleaning when rotary or manual instruments are used.
During the instrumentation phase the main function of the irrigants is to remove the debris from the root canal: thanks to the synergy between instrumentation and irrigation the number of bacteria inside the root canal is significantly reduced (Siqueira JF, et al. Mechanical reduction of the bacterial population in the root canal by three instrumentation techniques. J Endod 1999; 25(5): 332-5).
As Radcliffe pointed out (Radcliffe CE et Al: Antimicrobial activity of varying concentrations of sodium hypochlorite on the endodontic microrganisms Actinomices Israelii, A. naeslundii Candida Albicans and Enterococcus Faecalis Int. Endod. J 2004; 37: 438-46) the action of sodium hypochlorite is made difficult by the anatomical complexity of the endodontium (pic 1), by the polymicrobial nature of the bacterial flora (pic 2), by the presence of the biofilm (pic 3) and by the presence of the smear layer (pic 4) produced by our instruments.
Moreover the endodontic environment proves to be very hostile to the irrigants.
Haapasalo and colleagues (Haapasalo M, Qian W, Portenier I, Waltimo T. Effects of Dentin on the antimicrobial properties of endodontic medicaments. J Endodon 2007; 33(8): 917-925) indicated the interactions between irrigants and intermediate medications used in vivo.
Collagen, hydroxyapatite, serum proteins and dentin can strongly inhibit the action of various substances used in the cleaning of the root canal system. Dentin, for example, acts as a buffer both with acid and basic substances.
Sodium hypochlorite is unable to remove any bacterial load, after a one-hour incubation, if the irrigant has been preincubated with dentin powder 24 hours before use.
Other substances, such as the organic ones, can interfere with the action of the irrigants. 20% of the dentin biomass is made up of Type I Collagen; remaining necrotic pulp tissue and inflammatory secretion, which can accumulate in the root canal from the various foramina, are to be added.
Another aspect, connected to the decrease in the action of the disinfectants, is linked to their very mechanism of action. In order to remove the bacterial load there must be contact between the bacterial wall and the irrigant.
The dynamics of the action contemplates on the one hand a reduction of the bacterial load but, at the same time, a progressive inactivation of the used substances. Moreover, a decrease in the results is always observed when switching from in vitro to in vivo experimentations. There are several possible reasons that may explain this (Haapasalo M. et Al. 2007): in addition to the already mentioned inactivation mechanisms of the drugs inside the canals, the irrigants have a short exposition time and a reduced total volume: this means that only a very limited amount of irrigant comes into contact with the bacteria and for a time that is always too limited.
Inside our canals most of the bacteria are linked together in a highly organized structure, the biofilm (pics 5,6), able to resist the removal action in various ways.
The bacteria in the biofilm are immersed in a matrix, called glycocalyx, that acts as a mechanical barrier against antibacterial agents. During its evolution, the biofilm releases bacteria that infect, in planktonic form, the surrounding space.
The biofilm is more resistant to the action of antibiotics like doxycycline, amoxycycline and metronidazole. The final result of all these actions is that the biofilm turns out to be 1000 times more resistant than the bacteria in planktonic form (Svensater G, Bergenholtz G. Biofilms in endodontics infections. Endodontic Topics 2004; 9: 27-36).
In 2003 Torabinejad suggested to use a universal irrigant which, used with 1.3% Sodium Hypochlorite, would be able to remove the smear layer from the root canal walls (Torabinejad M et Al A new solution for the removal of smear layer. J Endod 2003; 29: 170-5) and make it easier to get rid of the Enterococcus Faecalis from the infected dentin (Shabahang S, Torabinejad M. Effects of MTAD on Enterococcus Faecalis –contaminated root canals of extracted human teeth. J Endod 2003; 29: 576-9).
This irrigant is a mixture of Doxycycline (an antibiotic of the tetracycline group), Citric Acid and a surfactant (Tweed 80). Citric acid acts as a chelating agent, assisted by a weak action of the antibiotic, while the surfactant should make its penetration in the root canal system easier.
Despite a long series of articles promoted by Torabinejad’s team stressed its efficiency, other articles showed important limitations.
Tay and colleagues (Tay et Al Ultrastructure of smear layer – covered intraradicular dentin after irrigation with BioPure MTAD J. Endod 2006; 32(3): 218-21) showed that the composite is too aggressive on the intertubular dentin, resulting in a marked reduction of the exposed collagen matrix .
Ruff and colleagues underlined its complete inefficiency against fungi (Ruff ML, McClanahan SB, Babel BS. In vitro antifungal efficacy of four irrigants as a final rinse. J Endod 2006; 32(4): 331-3) while Dunavant (Dunavant TR et Al. Comparative evaluation of endodontic irrigants against Enterococcus Faecalis biofilms. J Endodon 2006; 32(6): 527-31) noticed that Sodium Hypochlorite was more efficient in eliminating the biofilm while Clegg and colleagues (Clegg MS et Al. The effects of exposure to irrigants solution on apical dentin biofilm in vitro. J Endodon 2006; 32(5): 434-7) underlined the inability of this product to remove the biofilm from the third apical.
A study carried out on a biofilm model published by Giardino and colleagues (Giardino L, Ambu E, Rimondini R, Savoldi E, Cassanelli C, Debbia EA Comparative evaluation of antimicrobial efficacy of Sodium Hypochlorite, MTAD and Tetraclean against Enterococcus faecalis biofilm. J Endodon 2007; 33(7): 852-5) confirmed the very poor action of MTAD on this structure (pic 7) .
In 2004 Luciano Giardino patented an irrigant prototype, always antibiotic-based, called Tetraclean. It is similar to MTAD, although showing important differences:
· the amount of doxycycline is reduced to a third (50mg/5ml vs. 150mg/5ml of MTAD)
· Polypropylene glycol
· Citric acid and cetrimide
The researches to validate the effectiveness of the product were conducted in cooperation with the University of Genoa, with the team from the University of Modena-Reggio Emilia, with Dr. Emanuele Ambu, holding the Chair of Endodontics at the same University and his team, with Professors Mario and Renato Leonardo and Dr. Fernanda Pappen from Araraquara University of Sao Paulo, Brazil , Prof. M. Haapasalo Dean of British Columbia University, Professors Sandro Rengo, P. Ausiello, A. Valletta, F. Riccitiello, M. Amato, M. Simeone, Dr. F.A. D’Apolito, Dr. G. Spagnuolo, Dr. V. D’Antò, Dr. C. D’Ambrosio, Dr. P. Carratù of the Department of Odontostomatologic and Maxillofacial Sciences, Department of Endodontics, University of Naples “Federico II”.
The base research made it possible to verify that Tetraclean is active, in agar, on the bacteria responsible of primary endodontic infections, such as Prevotella Intermedia and the Porphyiromonas Gingivalis (pics 8,9) (L. Giardino, E. Ambu, R. Rimondini, E.A. Debbia Antimicrobial effect of MTAD, Tetraclean, Cloreximid and Sodium Hypochlorite on three common endodontic pathogens. IJDR 2009 in press) and on the Enterococcus Faecalis causing an inhibition area larger than the one determined by Sodium Hypochlorite (Giardino L, Ambu E, Generali L, Savoldi E. Effetto antimicrobico di due nuovi irriganti nei confronti dell’Enterococcus faecalis: studio comparativo in vitro. G It Endo 2006; 20(2); 91-94).
The trials were also performed in “dirty” conditions (Tab 1) and also in these cases Tetraclean passed the European validation tests (Test for the Evaluation of Bactericidal Activity Dilution-Neutralization Method EN 1276 – 1997) (Neglia R, et Al. Comparative in vitro and ex vivo studies on the bactericidal activity of Tetraclean, a new generation endodontic irrigant, and sodium hypochlorite. New Microbiologica: 2008; 31, 57-65).
The advanced research made it possible to find out that Tetraclean is able to eliminate the biofilm in 60 minutes and that after 5 minutes (pic 10) there is a 90% reduction (Giardino L, Ambu E, Rimondini R, Savoldi E, Cassanelli C, Debbia EA Comparative evaluation of antimicrobial efficacy of Sodium Hypochlorite, MTAD and Tetraclean against Enterococcus faecalis biofilm. J Endodon 2007; 33(7): 852-5).
These results were also confirmed by the Haapasalo team (Pappen FG, Shen Y, Qian W, Leonardo MR,Giardino L, Haapasalo M . In vitro Antibacterial Action of Tetraclean, MTAD and formula modifications: direct exposure test and effect on the biofilm. Submitted to Int Endod J 2009). Samples of dental biofilm were incubated in anaerobic conditions on hydroxyapatite discs. After a 14 day incubation, the biofilms were exposed to the irrigant solutions for 30 seconds, 1 minute and 3 minutes. The Live/Dead Baclight staining was used (Molecular Probes, Europe BV) to distinguish live (green) from dead (red) cells (pics 11,12).
The samples were observed using the Confocal Laser Microscope. The 3D biofilm pictures were transferred to the Imaris 5.0 software for a quantitative analysis to assess the green live cells percentage. After 3 minutes the percentage of live bacterial cells exposed to Tetraclean was 0.44 lower than MTAD (Tab 2).
The subsequent step was to observe the behaviour in time of the irrigant against the Enterococcus Faecalis in an “ex vivo” model, i.e. on an extracted tooth. Also in this case the action of Tetraclean was compared to that of Sodium Hypochlorite and that of the nutrient broth (Neglia R, et Al. Comparative in vitro and ex vivo studies on the bactericidal activity of Tetraclean, a new generation endodontic irrigant, and sodium hypochlorite. New Microbiologica: 2008; 31, 57-65).
The samples were contaminated with E. Faecalis using the “overnight” method and then irrigated. Samplings and seedings at fixed time spans made it possible to evaluate the behaviour of the irrigants in the 144 subsequent hours.
As one can see in Tab 3, the mere mechanical action of irrigating using the nutrient broth is able to reduce the bacterial load of nearly 4 logarithms: obviously, the bacterial load will go back to its peak levels after 24 hours due to the total absence of any antibacterial action of this “irrigant”.
Sodium hypochlorite, on the other hand, reduces the bacterial load to zero immediately after the irrigation. This supports what was previously noticed, that is to say that this irrigant is the only one which is able to completely get rid of the surface load, arranged in the biofilm.
Unfortunately, however, in the subsequent 96 hours the load starts to rise again, until it gets back to the pre-treatment infection levels in at least 70% of the examined samples. These data were also confirmed in vivo as proved by this clinical case (pic 13 – 13bis).
Tetraclean, vice versa, seems to have no action at all after the irrigation (its behaviour being similar to the nutrient broth), but exerts its action progressively during the subsequent 72 hours until it completely eradicates the bacterial loads in all the examined samples.
The hypotheses on this behaviour are partially linked to the bacteriostatic action of the doxycycline and partially to its substantivity, i.e. it quickly binds to the dentin and is subsequently released without losing its antibacterial activity; this property creates a reserve of active antibacterial agent which is slowly and steadily released from the dentinal surface.
However the problem seems to be more complex. During the speculative phase, the authors have conjectured that the behaviour of Sodium Hypochlorite is quite linear: its antibacterial action is very strong because it completely eliminates the bacterial load from the root canal surface.
However, due to the difficulties to penetrate into dentinal tubules, as showed by Elio Berutti and colleagues (Berutti E, Marini R, Angeretti A. Penetration ability of different irrigants into dentinal tubules. J Endodon 1997, 23(12), 725-7), Sodium Hypochlorite is not able to reach the deepest areas of the root canal system: for this reason these areas represent reservoirs of infection for the recontamination of the root canal system.
Tetraclean is probably able to penetrate these structures and exert its action over the time, thus eliminating the bacterial strains under development.
In order to confirm this hypothesis another study was carried out – its preliminary findings were presented by Ambu and Giardino at the 2007 SIE Congress held in Naples while the final results, in publishing, were presented for the first time at the SIE National Congress held in Turin in November 2008. In this research the authors investigated the tubular penetration of 5.25% Sodium Hypochlorite and Tetraclean, marking the irrigants and observing the samples with a polarized optical microscope and a confocal laser microscope. The findings of this experience confirm that Tetraclean is able to penetrate deep into dentinal tubules (6-700µ) (pics 14,15) while the action of Sodium Hypochlorite is usually confined to the root canal surface (pic 16).
The better tubular penetration is also due to a low surface tension of Tetraclean compared to the other tested irrigants (Giardino L, Ambu E, Becce C, Rimondini L, Morra S. Surface tension comparison of four common root canal irrigants and two new irrigants containing antibiotics. J Endodo 2006; 32(11): 1091-3) (Tab 4).
In an in vitro study, 10 single rooted teeth were instrumented at the apex using manual Protaper files till file F2, the canals were irrigated with 2ccs of Sodium Hypochlorite when switching instruments and at the end of the preparation the canals were irrigated with Tetraclean for 4 minutes.
The teeth were subsequently fractured in 2 and examined using SEM in order to verify the degree of cleanliness in the medium and apical coronal third. The results confirm a good degree of cleanliness at all the examined levels (pics 17-21).
The cleaning action of Tetraclean was also evaluated using SEM (pics 22-24) and histologically (pics 25,26) in the necks of the mandibular molars by means of a 30 second final passive ultrasonic activation of the irrigant in the root canals.
The passive ultrasonic activation makes it possible to effectively clean anatomical areas otherwise difficult to reach using just root canal instruments (pics 27,28).
The effectiveness and clinical safety of Tetraclean was evaluated in two microbiological and clinical studies.
In the Department of Endodontics – University of Modena-Reggio Emilia – headed by Dr. Ambu, 10 patients suffering from chronic apical periodontitis and periapical radiotransparency were selected. After isolating with a dam and opening the pulp chamber a first microbiological sampling was carried out using a paper cone. After the shaping each root canal was irrigated with 5ccs of Thiosulfate to neutralize the action of Sodium Hypochlorite and finally irrigated with Tetraclean. After drying each root canal a second microbiological sampling was carried out.
The microbiological exams carried out at the Department of Microbiology of the same University, headed by Prof. Blasi, showed a 90% decrease of the total microbial load on all the treated root canals (pic 29 ).
The clinical results of the pilot study on 200 patients treated with periodical checkups for a year by Prof Rengo’s team on behalf of the Ministry of Health suggest that Tetraclean is clinically efficient and safe and confirm that the risks associated with the use of this irrigant are almost absent.
Endodontic therapy is solely a microbiological treatment. From what has been discussed so far the difficulty of providing a scientific rationale to our root canal cleaning clearly emerges.
Sodium Hypochlorite does not always work on Enterococcus Faecalis, but it always works on Gram-negative bacteria and on the ones responsible for primary infections. Intermediate medications, such as Calcium Hydroxide and Iodoformic paste, are often useless in the therapy of the post treatment endodontic pathology since the Enterococcus Faecalis, true protagonist in 70% of these occurrences, can easily survive despite their presence.
It is however common knowledge, as Nair demonstrated, that a one-visit therapy leaves many areas that cannot be reached by irrigants and instruments infected. For sure, nowadays there is no “magic liquid” or “magic device” able to sort all our problems out. There are protocols that can be used and proposed.
We are suggesting one, to be considered as a summary of what has been discussed so far:
– Generously irrigate using 5.25% NaOCl during instrumentation in order to remove the smear layer while it is building up
– Widen the root canal to a preparation with at least a .06 conicity and 25 apical diameter (or shape at greater conicity)
– Use devices (e.g. ultrasonic or sonic systems) to make the break-up of the biofilm and the deepest possible penetration of the irrigants easier
– Use EDTA for a minute at the end of the instrumentation to get rid of the organic part of the smear layer
– Replace the last step with the use, for 5 minutes, of antibiotic-based irrigants, as soon as they are available
As Gary Doern, Professor of Microbiology – University of Iowa – wrote: Gram-negative bacteria appeared on Earth 3.5 billion years ago, Gram-positive 3.4 billion years ago, fungi 2.7 billion years ago and Homo Sapiens Sapiens just 250,000 years ago. We have been in the antibiotic era for just 70 years. If we were to compare the time from the appearance of bacteria up to now to a year, the bacteria would have appeared the first second of January 1st while men at 11:56 pm of December 31st. We would have had antibiotics since 23:59:59.5 pm of New Year’s Eve. Having established who will win the war, let’s try and win some battles!
I sincerely thank Dr Ambu and all his team for the highly scientific and brotherly contribution lavished during these 5 years.
Many thanks also to Dr L. Generali and Prof Cavani for the pictures on the study on penetration using fluorescence and confocal microscopes and Dr. C. Rimoldi for the valuable contribution in the microbiological part, object of her degree thesis.
For information:
Dr. Luciano Giardino
Surgeon, Dentist
12, Via Marinella
88900 Crotone
Phone/fax 0962 21249
e-mail: lucianogiardino@libero.it
Author of over 70 articles on national and international magazines.
CLOPD Confirmed Contract Professor – Chair in Periodontology – University of Brescia – AY 2002-2007, confirmed AY 2007-08
He holds the Chair of Histopathological Aspects of Periodontal Disease – Additional Periodontal I MED/28
CLOPD Contract Professor – Chair in Endodontics – University of Turin AY 2000-2004
Speaker in National and International Congresses dealing with Endodontic and Periodontal Histology and Microbiology
Visiting Scientist Researcher Dept of Endodontology UConn University 1988
Visiting Researcher Dept. Microbiology and Virology “Cotugno” Hospital, Naples 1992
Winner of Garberoglio Prize, 2002 and SPE Turin, 2002
Ordinary Member SIE, ESE, Active Member IADR and New York Academy of Sciences
Editorial Board “Giornale Italiano di Endodonzia”
Revisor “Indian Journal of Dental Research”
5846 Views
Luciano Giardino
Dr. Luciano Giardino Surgeon, Dentist 12, Via Marinella 88900 Crotone Phone/fax 0962 21249 e-mail: lucianogiardino@libero.it Author of over 70 articles on national and international magazines. CLOPD Confirmed Contract Professor – Chair in Periodontology – University of Brescia – AY 2002-2007, confirmed AY 2007-08 He holds the Chair of Histopathological Aspects of Periodontal Disease – Additional Periodontal I MED/28 CLOPD Contract Professor – Chair in Endodontics – University of Turin AY 2000-2004 Speaker in National and International Congresses dealing with Endodontic and Periodontal Histology and Microbiology Visiting Scientist Researcher Dept of Endodontology UConn University 1988 Visiting Researcher Dept. Microbiology and Virology “Cotugno” Hospital, Naples 1992 Winner of Garberoglio Prize, 2002 and SPE Turin, 2002 Ordinary Member SIE, ESE, Active Member IADR and New York Academy of Sciences Editorial Board “Giornale Italiano di Endodonzia” Revisor “Indian Journal of Dental Research”
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If you are at an office or shared network, you can ask the network administrator to run a scan across the network looking for misconfigured or infected devices. | {
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6,166 | Stafford, D., White, R.J., Kinkel, M.D., Linville, A., Schilling, T.F., and Prince, V.E. (2006) Retinoids signal directly to zebrafish endoderm to specify insulin-expressing {beta}-cells. Development (Cambridge, England). 133(5):949-956.
FIGURES
ABSTRACT
During vertebrate development, the endodermal germ layer becomes regionalized along its anteroposterior axis to give rise to a variety of organs, including the pancreas. Genetic studies in zebrafish and mice have established that the signaling molecule retinoic acid (RA) plays a crucial role in endoderm patterning and promotes pancreas development. To identify how RA signals to pancreatic progenitors in the endoderm, we have developed a novel cell transplantation technique, using the ability of the SOX32 transcription factor to confer endodermal identity, to selectively target reagents to (or exclude them from) the endodermal germ layer of the zebrafish. We show that RA synthesized in the anterior paraxial mesoderm adjacent to the foregut is necessary for the development of insulin-expressing beta-cells. Conversely, RA receptor function is required in the foregut endoderm for insulin expression, but not in mesoderm or ectoderm. We further show that activation of RA signal transduction in endoderm alone is sufficient to induce insulin expression. Our results reveal that RA is an instructive signal from the mesoderm that directly induces precursors of the endocrine pancreas. These findings suggest that RA will have important applications in the quest to induce islets from stem cells for therapeutic uses.
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6,169 | British Art Medal Society (BAMS), Student Medal Project 2016. Tin Plate Workers Prize for 'It is July on the Moorlands: Took the wrong path when descending a 520 metre high sandstone hill'. | {
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6,170 | It’s NEW, it’s FRESH, it’s OPEN! Ta Da ! I am so thrilled to welcome you to browse my online shop! It has been a real creative and hard working journey to get here ! I am so happy to offer you vibrant, colourful, products of the highest quality and I wish you all HAPPY SHOPPING!
Do make sure that you sign up to my news letter to stay bang up to date with my WORK, SPECIAL OFFERS and LOT’S OF ARTY GOODNESS, there is so much more to come!
Love Zoe x
A huge thank you to the very talented Fiona Millington Pipe for shooting my products with me! I loved styling the shots of my products with you and I am so happy with the profile shots that you captured for my site!
Zoe Potter Posted in My Blog Leave a comment
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All products and images on this website are Copyright © Zoe Potter.
No reproduction without prior written permission from the artist. Portrait, product & homewares photography by Fiona Millington-Pipe. Styling by the artist. | {
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6,171 | The prime minister has said he will 'probably miss' the upcoming Oprah Winfrey interview with Meghan Markle and Prince Harry, due to be broadcast at 1am UK time on Monday morning. Johnson said that he will be focusing on the coronavirus vaccine rollout instead. | {
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6,172 | Demi Lovato is making a life-changing announcement. The singer came out as non-binary on Wednesday during the first of their new podcast, '4D with Demi Lovato.' 'Over the past year-and-a-half, I've been doing some healing and self-reflective work,' they said. 'And through this work, I've had the revelation that I identify as non-binary. With that said, I'll be officially changing my pronouns to they/them.' | {
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6,173 | Unfortunately your browser isn't supported by MRBS. You will need to upgrade to a more recent version, or else use another browser.
UBC Department of Zoology
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You do not have access rights to modify this item. If you have a UBC Zoology username and password, please log in below to book your room directly.
If you do not have a Zoology username and password, and would like to book a room in the Biological Sciences Building, please email your desired date, time, room, and booking description to info@zoology.ubc.ca.
For the Biodiversity Building, please email your desired date, time, room, and booking description to room_booking@biodiversity.ubc.ca | {
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6,175 | Sort by Featured Best selling Alphabetically, A-Z Alphabetically, Z-A Price, low to high Price, high to low Date, old to new Date, new to old
High quality teaware can add a great deal to the experience of drinking tea. One of the main things teaware adds is aesthetic; some teaware is truly breathtaking and, like all fine piece of art, can add a great deal to our lives even when sitting on a shelf. Exquisite teaware can be used in our daily lives which makes it a great investment for the tea lover. Teaware can enhance the quality of tea that we drink beyond the apparent aesthetic affect. Conversely, poor quality or improperly used teaware can be detrimental to the tea experience. One clear example of this, which is prevalent in the tea market today, is poor quality/ fake Yi Xing pottery that has toxic chemicals mixed into the clay for visual and tactile effect. These checmials not only negatively impact the taste/smell of the tea, but of course can be hazardous to our health. This situation is easy to avoid if we are careful and educated.
One way to completely avoid worrying about the quality of material in our teaware is to simply buy inert teaware (i.e. glass or porcelain). Regardless of quality considerations, we recommend glassware or porcelain for people just getting into tea. There are a few main reasons. First, glass/porcelain is relatively cheap compared to handmade stoneware or Yi Xing pottery. Thus, making our first teaware purchase will be more affordable. Another very important reason to start with glass/porcelain is that the material is virtually inert and will not add or take away much from the tea we brew. When we are learning the basics of tea it helps to simplify the process, and using simple, inert teaware is a great way to remove an extra variable.
As we progress on the path of making and drinking tea, the next major step is investing in stoneware, Yi Xing teapots and other kinds of teaware made with material that will directly impact the tea the teaware interacts with. Handmade teaware is a work of art in itself, and can be one reason why people first become intrigued by the tea lifestyle. For more information on our top of the line teaware, please go to the individual categories for more information. Each category is unique, and even within the category of "Yi Xing pottery" there is a wide range of materials that complement some kinds of tea very well, while actually having the potential to detract from other types of tea. | {
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6,177 | Scientists often solve this by writing most numbers using scientific notation. 9.876543210 x 10^4 versus 9.9 x 10^4. The number of significant figures is always decimal places + 1.
Indeed.
But I didn't want to go into too much details and introduce even another notation
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#102 Zelandakh
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Posted 2020-March-10, 04:16
pran, on 2020-March-09, 01:29, said:
or 123.45 is a figure which has 5 significant digits and 2 decimal places.
No pran, we are talking here about mathematical terms and the correct term is significant figures, not digits. Have you ever corrected someone to say that Double is a call and not a bid? Same thing.
(-: Zel :-)
Happy New Year everyone!
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#103 Trinidad
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Location:Netherlands
Posted 2020-March-10, 11:46
Zelandakh, on 2020-March-10, 04:16, said:
pran, on 2020-March-09, 01:29, said:
or 123.45 is a figure which has 5 significant digits and 2 decimal places.
No pran, we are talking here about mathematical terms and the correct term is significant figures, not digits. Have you ever corrected someone to say that Double is a call and not a bid? Same thing.
Go figure.
Rik
I want my opponents to leave my table with a smile on their face and without matchpoints on their score card - in that order.
The most exciting phrase to hear in science, the one that heralds the new discoveries, is not “Eureka!” (I found it!), but “That’s funny…” – Isaac Asimov
The only reason God did not put "Thou shalt mind thine own business" in the Ten Commandments was that He thought that it was too obvious to need stating. - Kenberg
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#104 barmar
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Posted 2020-March-11, 09:14
Zelandakh, on 2020-March-10, 04:16, said:
No pran, we are talking here about mathematical terms and the correct term is significant figures, not digits. Have you ever corrected someone to say that Double is a call and not a bid? Same thing.
I never have. There are a small number of Laws where the distinction is important, so it's important when discussing those situations. But in ordinary conversation at the bridge table, I consider them synonymous.
It always grates me when my partner asks "Is it my call?" or "Whose call is it?". Practically everyone else uses "bid" in phrases like this. But of course I won't say anything because he's technically correct.
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#105 pescetom
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Posted 2020-March-11, 12:24
barmar, on 2020-March-11, 09:14, said:
It always grates me when my partner asks "Is it my call?" or "Whose call is it?". Practically everyone else uses "bid" in phrases like this.
It would grate me because he should know, irrespective of which term he chooses.
Although I'm grateful (isn't language odd) when he occasionally reminds me that it is (or is not) my turn.
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#106 barmar
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Posted 2020-March-12, 08:58
pescetom, on 2020-March-11, 12:24, said:
It would grate me because he should know, irrespective of which term he chooses.
Yes, the fact that he loses track also annoys me, although not as much as when he forgets agreements we've had for nearly 2 decades.
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#107 sanst
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Posted 2020-March-13, 02:28
barmar, on 2020-March-12, 08:58, said:
Yes, the fact that he loses track also annoys me, although not as much as when he forgets agreements we've had for nearly 2 decades.
Could be an indication that there’s something badly wrong with him. Dementia is becoming an issue in bridge clubs over here, at least there’re discussions about how to handle it.
Rarely I’ve seen a topic changing as much as this one.
Joost
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#108 PeterAlan
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Posted 2020-March-13, 07:29
pran, on 2020-March-09, 08:51, said:
Examples:
98765,43210 is a 10-digit number with 5 decimals.
98765,4321 is the same number with only 4 significant decimals (note the omission of the last zero!).
98765 is the same number with 5 significant digits.
and 99000 is again the same number with only 2 significant digits. (note the rounding of the thousands!)
No. Both 98765 and 99000 are different numbers (and differ from each other), being the (different) results of rounding the same number (98765.4321 to use UK / US style) to different amounts of precision.
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#109 pran
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Posted 2020-March-13, 08:42
PeterAlan, on 2020-March-13, 07:29, said:
No. Both 98765 and 99000 are different numbers (and differ from each other), being the (different) results of rounding the same number (98765.4321 to use UK / US style) to different amounts of precision.
maybe I should have written "state the same quantity with different precision"?
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#110 barmar
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Posted 2020-March-13, 08:42
PeterAlan, on 2020-March-13, 07:29, said:
No. Both 98765 and 99000 are different numbers (and differ from each other), being the (different) results of rounding the same number (98765.4321 to use UK / US style) to different amounts of precision.
"amounts of precision" is essentially the same as "significant digits" -- the latter is a numeric description of the former.
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#111 Trinidad
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Posted 2020-March-13, 12:57
pran, on 2020-March-09, 08:51, said:
Indeed.
A significant number to me refers to one (or more) 'significant' number(s) within a set of numbers, not to the internal properties of any particular number.
So if you for instance consider the population (expressed as a number) of the US states you might end up ranking the states according to their significance.
There you have an example of significant numbers.
Examples:
98765,43210 is a 10-digit number with 5 decimals.
98765,4321 is the same number with only 4 significant decimals (note the omission of the last zero!).
98765 is the same number with 5 significant digits.
and 99000 is again the same number with only 2 significant digits. (note the rounding of the thousands!)
And how would you write a number that is between 98999.5 and 99000.5?
99000 has 5 significant figures. Round numbers do occur, from time to time. If you want to write a number with 2 significant figures that lies between 98500 and 99500, you write "99 k" or "99.103".
Rik
I want my opponents to leave my table with a smile on their face and without matchpoints on their score card - in that order.
The most exciting phrase to hear in science, the one that heralds the new discoveries, is not “Eureka!” (I found it!), but “That’s funny…” – Isaac Asimov
The only reason God did not put "Thou shalt mind thine own business" in the Ten Commandments was that He thought that it was too obvious to need stating. - Kenberg
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#112 pran
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Posted 2020-March-13, 14:58
Trinidad, on 2020-March-13, 12:57, said:
And how would you write a number that is between 98999.5 and 99000.5?
99000 has 5 significant figures. Round numbers do occur, from time to time. If you want to write a number with 2 significant figures that lies between 98500 and 99500, you write "99 k" or "99.103".
Rik
In a forum where this is relevant I would use the scientific notation 0,99000E+5
(I cannot imagine better than 1% precision being relevant in any bridge relation and then write 0.99E+5)
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#113 Trinidad
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Posted 2020-March-14, 07:37
pran, on 2020-March-13, 14:58, said:
I cannot imagine better than 1% precision being relevant in any bridge relation
I will tickle your imagination: Why do you think MP scores for a typical bridge club evening are reported with 4 significant figures?
Your 1% precision will be good for 24 boards at 3 tables (96 top). Bigger events will need better precision.
I can easily imagine that in a big XIMP tournament one pair beats another with 99000 over 98999... (or the equivalent accuracy when the scores are normalized).
Rik
I want my opponents to leave my table with a smile on their face and without matchpoints on their score card - in that order.
The most exciting phrase to hear in science, the one that heralds the new discoveries, is not “Eureka!” (I found it!), but “That’s funny…” – Isaac Asimov
The only reason God did not put "Thou shalt mind thine own business" in the Ten Commandments was that He thought that it was too obvious to need stating. - Kenberg
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} | 2,325.9 | 10,450 | https://www1.dal10.sl.bridgebase.com/forums/topic/81748-interesting-bit-appeal/page__pid__991492__st__100#entry991492 | www1.dal10.sl.bridgebase.com | 0 | []
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6,178 | COWEN: Let’s say the current Michael Kremer sets up another high school in Kenya. What is it that you would do that the current high schools in Kenya are not doing? What would you change? You’re in charge.
KREMER: Right. We’ve learned a lot in education research in recent years. One thing that we saw in Kenya, but was also seen in India and many other places, is that it’s very easy for kids to fall behind the curriculum. Curricula, in particular in developing countries, tend to be set at a fairly high level, similar to what you would see in developed countries.
However, kids are facing all sorts of disadvantages, and there are all sorts of problems in the way the system works. There’s often high teacher absence. Kids are sick. Kids don’t have the preparation at home, often. So kids can fall behind the curriculum.
Whereas we’ve had the slogan in the US, “No Child Left Behind,” in developing countries, education system is focused on kids at the top of the distribution. What’s been found is, if you can set up — and there are a whole variety of different ways to do this — either remedial education systems or some technology-aided systems that are adaptive, that go to where the kid is . . . I’ve seen huge gains from this in India, and we’re starting to see adoption of this in Africa as well, and that can have a very big impact at quite low cost.
Quote
Michael Kremer is best known for his academic work researching global poverty, for which he was awarded the Nobel Prize in 2019 along with Esther Duflo and Abhijit Banerjee. Less known is that he is also the founder of five non-profits and in the process of creating a sixth. And Kremer doesn’t see anything unusual about embodying the dual archetypes of economist and founder. “I think there’s a lot of relationship between the experimental method and the things that are needed to help found organizations,” he explains.
If you lose all hope, you can always find it again -- Richard Ford in The Sportswriter
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#62 y66
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Posted 2020-November-25, 08:23
David Lipomi and Tyler Cowen discuss aspects of remote learning in covid times that will stay with us after on-site learning returns: https://youtu.be/cFcvzbJKWgw?t=1931 (starting at 32:11)
If you lose all hope, you can always find it again -- Richard Ford in The Sportswriter
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#63 pilowsky
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Interests:Writing, Learning, History, Politics
Posted 2021-May-05, 03:32
Elsewhere, there was a discussion about maths training and Bayes theorem.
I referenced a site that ranked countries according to success in a standardised maths test.
Here is a graph that compares rank in maths (Y-axis) against the number of Bridge players per 1,000,000 of population.
Turns out there is quite a decent relationship!
http://bit.ly/MathEdBridge
For added fun, here is a Geo Heat map of where Bridge is most popular/1,000,000 of population.
The data was taken from the WBF.
https://bit.ly/BridgePopularity
Obviously, the data from the WBF could underestimate some countries that do not pay subs for their full WBF membership - I note that Russia has exactly 1000 members - which suggests that the numbers are not completely reliable.
non est deus ex machina; även maskiner behöver lite kärlek, J'ai toujours misé sur l'étrange gentillesse des robots.
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#64 barmar
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Posted 2021-May-08, 09:37
I refuse to take seriously a graph that pluralizes "math".
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#65 hrothgar
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Posted 2021-May-08, 10:28
FWIW, I heard back from my nephew about Bayes theorem.
He did encounter it during his high school curriculum, but not until his multivariate calculus class (I have no idea why it showed up here).
For the sake of reference, he went to one of the top public high schools in New Jersey and will be attending Princeton next year. So, my guess is that most high school students in the US never receive any formal instruction on this topic.
Alderaan delenda est
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#66 barmar
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Posted 2021-May-08, 10:35
hrothgar, on 2021-May-08, 10:28, said:
He did encounter it during his high school curriculum, but not until his multivariate calculus class (I have no idea why it showed up here).
When I was in high school (late 70's), my guess is that less than half the students took any calculus at all. And this was in an upper middle class school district.
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#67 kenberg
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Posted 2021-May-08, 11:29
barmar, on 2021-May-08, 10:35, said:
When I was in high school (late 70's), my guess is that less than half the students took any calculus at all. And this was in an upper middle class school district.
I can't resist using this to illustrate just how much things have changed.
Brad Efron and I grew up in St. Paul, both finishing high school in 1956. We were not close but we both belonged to a teen-age discussion group (The Philosophers) and he was at my house a couple of times. He went to Central HIgh, the best public high school in St. Paul, I went to Monroe, which was, well, not the best. By my senior year, most of my friends went to Central. Greg (another Central friend, we still see each other) and I were talking about Brad and he told me that the math teacher (a trig course) brought in a calculus book, handed it to Brad, and said, here, read this, you are finding trig too easy.
I knew of no other high school senior anywhere who was involved with calculus. Greg and I had taken a non-calculus based physics course at the University of Minnesota the summer before (his parents paid for his enrollment, I asked the prof to sit in for free, permission granted). Greg, I, and others attended a free lecture series at the U of M, given by Paul Rosenbloom on Saturdays. But none of us knew any high school kid, except Brad, that was studying calculus.
What a difference, then and now.
It's great that kids are taking calculus now, or I suppose it is. I enjoyed working on cars, my car and cars that my friends owned, if I had to pick I think I would stick with the cars. But it would be nice to do both.
One problem that really bugs me. In the 50's, Monroe and Central were not all that much different. Central was better, a fair amount better, but today the gap between the good public high schools and those that are not so good is a chasm.
My apologies to Brad for telling this story w/o asking if it is ok to do so. Seems harmless enougjh.
Ken
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#68 hrothgar
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Posted 2021-May-08, 15:32
So, here's MY Brad Efron story
Back when I was working at The MathWorks, I wrote up an amusing little app that I called "FitIt".
It used cross validation to select the optimal span for a smoothing spline and then used a bootstrap to generate confidence bounds. (Cleve Moler - one of the company's founders) was doing a walk about and really liked the application. he stopped to talk to me and asked me how I figured this all out. I explained that I had been reading a book called "An Introduction to the Bootstrap" by Brad Efron and it contained a very similar use case. The only thing that I had done was re-implement this all using MATLAB, added in GUI, and included an object to store the results of the fitting operation so folks could use it for interpolation.
Cleve gave a chuckle and said that Brad had been his roommate back in the day and that he knew the book and the example quie well. (He just wanted to see if I was dumb enough to try to claim credit for someone else's work)
Alderaan delenda est
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#69 pilowsky
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Posted 2021-August-19, 23:57
When I finished high school research looked like a good choice.
And it was.
Every decade that followed publications where Australia was included as an Affiliation Country the start to the end of decade percentage of papers either stayed the same or increased.
In the last decade, it collapsed to 1970's levels.
non est deus ex machina; även maskiner behöver lite kärlek, J'ai toujours misé sur l'étrange gentillesse des robots.
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#70 Cyberyeti
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Posted 2021-August-20, 02:16
barmar, on 2021-May-08, 09:37, said:
I refuse to take seriously a graph that pluralizes "math".
Maths is the standard word in the UK, math is an Americanism
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#71 kenberg
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Posted 2021-August-20, 06:45
Cyberyeti, on 2021-August-20, 02:16, said:
Maths is the standard word in the UK, math is an Americanism
A relaxing early morning exercise.
I guess we could say maths is short for mathematics in the same way that langs could be short for languages. But while a person might study languages he might also study a language. The word "mathematics" is more like "civics". A person might study civics but I have never heard of a person studying a civic. Nor have I ever heard of a person studying a mathematic. Of course a person could study algebra and geometry at the same time, just as another person might study French and Spanish at the same time, so a plural form could have its uses. But that is not how "mathematics" is used. We don't say that a person taking a course in federal and state government is taking a civics course while the person studying only the federal government is taking a civic course. Same with algebra, geometry, mathematic and mathematics.
Or maybe I am wrong. Maybe in the UK a student could take a mathematic course and has to take two courses if he is to be studying mathematics.
This issue has not been disturbing my sleep.
A guy I once knew of English descent had to keep it straight which members of his extended family pronounced their name one way and which pronounced it in a very different way. That could be a crisis.
Ken
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#72 y66
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Posted 2021-August-20, 09:28
I learned this word yesterday from Kim Stevenson (food writer): whatevs.
If you lose all hope, you can always find it again -- Richard Ford in The Sportswriter
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#73 Cyberyeti
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Posted 2021-August-20, 11:15
kenberg, on 2021-August-20, 06:45, said:
A relaxing early morning exercise.
I guess we could say maths is short for mathematics in the same way that langs could be short for languages. But while a person might study languages he might also study a language. The word "mathematics" is more like "civics". A person might study civics but I have never heard of a person studying a civic. Nor have I ever heard of a person studying a mathematic. Of course a person could study algebra and geometry at the same time, just as another person might study French and Spanish at the same time, so a plural form could have its uses. But that is not how "mathematics" is used. We don't say that a person taking a course in federal and state government is taking a civics course while the person studying only the federal government is taking a civic course. Same with algebra, geometry, mathematic and mathematics.
Or maybe I am wrong. Maybe in the UK a student could take a mathematic course and has to take two courses if he is to be studying mathematics.
This issue has not been disturbing my sleep.
A guy I once knew of English descent had to keep it straight which members of his extended family pronounced their name one way and which pronounced it in a very different way. That could be a crisis.
Mathematic is never used as something you study here or as "a mathematic" it is occasionally used as an alternative to mathematical.
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#74 kenberg
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Posted 2021-August-20, 11:56
Cyberyeti, on 2021-August-20, 11:15, said:
Mathematic is never used as something you study here or as "a mathematic" it is occasionally used as an alternative to mathematical.
I majored in mathematics in the US. In Minnesota to be more precise. If I had pursued the same course of study at a college in England and I was asked "What are you studying?" my answer would be?
Let's assume I wanted a more formal answer than "I am studying maths". Or is that the preferred answer?
This is interesting. I had always assumed that I would just say "mathematics". I spent a month long ago at a maths conference (that's the correct usage?) in England once (the University of Warwick, a great place) and I cannot recall the issue ever coming up. Of course we all knew why we were there.
My memory focuses on strange things. While I was there I saw the movie version of Cabaret at the Lady Godiva theater. Yeah, I also did other things.
Ken
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#75 Cyberyeti
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Posted 2021-August-20, 13:35
kenberg, on 2021-August-20, 11:56, said:
I majored in mathematics in the US. In Minnesota to be more precise. If I had pursued the same course of study at a college in England and I was asked "What are you studying?" my answer would be?
Let's assume I wanted a more formal answer than "I am studying maths". Or is that the preferred answer?
This is interesting. I had always assumed that I would just say "mathematics". I spent a month long ago at a maths conference (that's the correct usage?) in England once (the University of Warwick, a great place) and I cannot recall the issue ever coming up. Of course we all knew why we were there.
My memory focuses on strange things. While I was there I saw the movie version of Cabaret at the Lady Godiva theater. Yeah, I also did other things.
I have a maths degree also, and that's how I would say it in almost all circumstances.
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#76 pilowsky
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Posted 2021-October-18, 19:25
From last years Advanced mathematics paper for final year students in NSW:
Quote
Question 21 (6 marks)
Hot tea is poured into a cup. The temperature of tea can be modelled by
T = 25 + 70 (1.5)−0.4 t,
where T is the temperature of the tea, in degrees Celsius,
t minutes after it is poured.
(a) What is the temperature of the tea 4 minutes after it has been poured?
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1
(b) At what rate is the tea cooling 4 minutes after it has been poured?
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2
© How long after the tea is poured will it take for its temperature to reach 55°C?
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For Americans living outside Boston, this applies to coffee as well.
non est deus ex machina; även maskiner behöver lite kärlek, J'ai toujours misé sur l'étrange gentillesse des robots.
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#77 kenberg
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Posted 2021-October-19, 11:21
pilowsky, on 2021-October-18, 19:25, said:
From last years Advanced mathematics paper for final year students in NSW:
For Americans living outside Boston, this applies to coffee as well.
I am not seeing what you have in mind. Is this copied verbatim? The first question is listed as (a), the next as 1 (b), the last as 2 . But I'll move on.
I am guessing some on this thread can work this, some can't. A good pre-calc class should prepare a student for the first and the third question, the middle question involves calculus. Calculus usually begins with polynomials but gets to exponentials (as here) fairly quickly. A teacher's view: They should be able to do this ("they" means the students in a calculus class meant for those who will be using calculus seriously) but the reality is that in any class I taught there would be somewhere between a few and several that cannot.
As far as I know modeling the temperature as an exponential decay is reasonable. It's a cup filled with fluid so that can have an effect on theory I suppose, but basically, Newton says temperature decays exponentially and who am I to disagree with Sir Isaac?
I guess they should stipulate the expected form of the answer. How many digits in the numerical answer? Or, if an exact answer is desired, can it be in the form of a logarithm to the base 1.5? Assuming no, then we want natural logs? e always gets into the act.
I guess I must be missing something. I am prepared to be embarrassed when you say what I missed.
Ken
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#78 pilowsky
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Posted 2021-October-19, 15:35
No, you aren't missing anything. I should have been less oblique.
The numbers are the marks (totals 6).
I was discussing STEM literacy with a colleague yesterday and looked up the proportion of final year high school students in NSW undertaking various levels.
The maths that you and I probably took is called Maths Extension 1 and 2 - taken by only 16% of students.
Physics and chemistry by 24%.
The question was copied from a lower level maths called maths advanced (38%) - the majority of students take a lower form called 'standard'.
Only 42.49% took any form of science at all.
This is only a percentage of those students that get to the final level of high school.
There was almost nothing in the exam that would suggest a big emphasis on being able to work out whether or not one group was significantly different from another.
I suspect this explains the unwavering belief that so many people have in things that make no sense at all.
Agree about Isaac - it's hard enough trying to be a shoulder upon which he might have stood.
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#79 thepossum
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Posted 2021-October-29, 01:45
Something that concerned me once in a recent STEM course (as a very mature age student) was being described as the Maths genius (or words to that effect) having not progressed beyond honours almost 40 years ago. I actually don't think they have a clue what being a maths genius would entail. I could vaguely remember notation and how to do rather elegant proofs (if I say so myself), but that's all. Also, I struggle immensely with the Maths plugin to Word. It took me hours to format a few lines of maths and make them look elegant. I did my Maths degree with the contents of a pencil case
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#80 kenberg
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Posted 2021-October-30, 07:00
thepossum, on 2021-October-29, 01:45, said:
Something that concerned me once in a recent STEM course (as a very mature age student) was being described as the Maths genius (or words to that effect) having not progressed beyond honours almost 40 years ago. I actually don't think they have a clue what being a maths genius would entail. I could vaguely remember notation and how to do rather elegant proofs (if I say so myself), but that's all. Also, I struggle immensely with the Maths plugin to Word. It took me hours to format a few lines of maths and make them look elegant. I did my Maths degree with the contents of a pencil case
I can't say about Australia but here the default package for math typing is LaTeX. It's a command language if that's the right way to phrase it, meaning that after writing it you then click on typeset to get what you want, but it comes up as a pdf and just about everyone can open a pdf. It would surprise me if things are different in Australia, I think of LaTeX as the universal choice.
It's hard to know what prompted the "math genius" reference. Perhaps a way of saying "Are you sure you registered for the right course?". imagine a person registering for a course called "Learn better bridge". The instructor is discussing how to plan the play so that all necessary finesses can be taken in the right order, and a student suggests that an overtrick can be made by running a progressive double squeeze. He might not be a bridge genius but he is probably in the wrong course. But who knows. I have taken a couple of off-the-shelf courses, one in HTML, one in life-saving techniques, I would not suggest trusting me in using what I learned from either of them.
Of course another explanation could be that you are a math genius. Why rule it out?
Ken
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} | 183.9 | 25,106 | https://www1.dal10.sl.bridgebase.com/forums/topic/83265-education/page__st__60__p__1028437 | www1.dal10.sl.bridgebase.com | 1.001952 | [
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"
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6,179 | New York City’s Department of Buildings (DOB) says registration is open for its upcoming virtual construction innovation and safety industry conference from Nov. 15 to 19. “This weeklong virtual event will feature a series of educational seminars for industry professionals, with a focus on development and building regulations in our city,” DOB says in a statement.
October
NYC City Council OKs Hundreds of ‘Major’ Building Code Updates
Engineering News-Record
October 11, 2021
A major update to New York City’s construction and building regulations includes more than 600 “major” changes and thousands of smaller ones as the city looks to improve safety and adapt to new technologies. The City Council passed the legislation updating the codes Oct. 7. Construction safety updates include allowing the use of netting, low barriers and chain link fencing instead of requiring solid fencing that can create “blind tunnels” for pedestrians; the creation of a new type of license for advanced crane technology, to ensure that equipment such as articulating boom cranes and roto-telehandlers are operated safety; and improved consistency for underpinning existing buildings.
September
New York City Issues 1,500 Stop Work Orders at Construction Sites
Engineering News-Record
September 14, 2021
New York City’s “zero tolerance” safety sweeps resulted in thousands of violations and nearly 1,500 stop-work orders issued at construction sites across the five boroughs to prevent worker falls and other injuries. City Buildings Commissioner Melanie E. La Rocca announced the results of the three-month sweep on Sept. 13, saying department inspectors visited about 7,500 building construction sites since the drive started June 1. Inspectors issued more than 3,600 violations to contractors and site safety professionals for failing to keep sites safe, according to La Rocca. They also issued 1,499 stop-work orders at sites.
Fine Tuning New York City's Green Roof Tax Abatement Program
Living Architecture Monitor, a Green Roofs for Healthy Cities Publication
September 27, 2021
New York City’s Current Green Roof Tax Abatement (GRTA) Program is the result of an ongoing 13-year stakeholder advocacy effort. The Tax Abatement Program provides property owners with a reduction of taxes payable to the city so that these funds can help to offset the costs of implementing a green roof. Thanks to sustained advocacy of community stakeholders and collaboration with city and state elected officials, the GRTA has evolved and been renewed every five years since it was first adopted into law. This integrated, long term collaboration amongst a wide array of stakeholders is the cornerstone of meaningful policy-making.Most recently; stakeholders, municipal agencies, and elected officials worked together to identify priority community districts where a higher tax abatement should be made available because the need for green roofs is greatest. The criteria for the priority community district designations was finalized by the NYC Mayor’s Office of Long-term Planning and Sustainability (MOS) in 2020. One of the key criteria is heat vulnerability, which also coincides with marginalized communities.
June
NYC Buildings Chief Shuts 322 Jobsites, Seeks 'Culture of Accountability'
Engineering News-Record
June 30, 2021
Creating a new “culture of accountability” is why work at 322 construction sites—and counting—across all five New York City boroughs were shut down over risky conditions last month, the city buildings department chief told ENR on June 30. The Dept. of Buildings began new “zero tolerance” safety sweeps June 1. According to the agency, the crackdown is in response to seven construction site deaths so far this year, with three occurring within two weeks in May.
April
DOB goes live with ‘bad landlords list’
Real Estate Weekly
April 15, 2021
The New York City Department of Buildings (DOB) has published a new, real-time interactive map showing the location of apartment properties facing restrictions on what construction permits they can obtain, due to high proportions of hazardous violations issued by DOB and the New York City Department of Housing Preservation and Development (HPD). The Department of Buildings is releasing the map to further assist with the implementation of Local Law 104 of 2019 and provide a new level of transparency for the public, by calling out specific properties for their continued failure to keep their buildings in a safe and code-compliant condition.
Three landlords slapped with six-figure fines for carving up buildings
The Real Deal
April 2, 2021
Three landlords trying to pack people into residences like sardines were hit with big fines by New York City’s Department of Buildings, the agency announced Wednesday. The fines, each exceeding $100,000, were part of nearly $2 million in penalties handed down for illegal building and construction in February.
March
DOB Fines Four Bronx Construction Companies in February for Non-Compliance
Norwood News
March 31, 2021
The New York City Department of Buildings (DOB) released its February 2021 enforcement bulletin on Wednesday, March 31, which provides highlights of the agency’s actions to sanction and deter bad actors in the construction industry through the enforcement of safety laws and codes of conduct for construction professionals. The bulletin includes summaries of DOB-imposed disciplinary actions, including penalties and license suspensions and revocations.
Advierten que nadie podrá trabajar en obras de construcción grandes en NYC sin capacitación en seguridad
El Diario
March 29, 2021
Desde el pasado 1 de marzo, cuando entró en vigencia una norma en la Ciudad de Nueva York, que se había aplazado, y que exige que todos los trabajadores de la industria de la construcción que laboren en sitios grandes, se entrenen sobre normas de seguridad, nadie que no tenga las llamadas tarjetas SST de capacitación, temporal o permanente, podrá trabajar en sitios de obra. Así lo advirtió el Departamento de Edificios de Nueva York (DOB), recordando que por ley, ahora todos los obreros y constructores de obras a gran escala deben demostrar que tomaron por lo menos 40 horas de capacitación en asuntos de seguridad, que son totalmente obligatorias. El 87% de los sitios de construcción en la ciudad no requieren esa capacitación.
Benchmarking Season Is Here for Co-ops and Condos
Habitat
March 23, 2021
It’s that time of year again – benchmarking season – time for co-op and condo boards and their property managers to compile and report their building’s 2020 water and energy usage data, which will be the basis for each building’s energy efficiency letter grade that will be issued later this year. All properties on the city’s newly released 2021 Covered Buildings List must submit their benchmarking report by May 1. The Department of Buildings' website also offers Benchmark Compliance Instructions.
The 2021 Real Estate Power 100
City & State
March 22, 2021
City & State’s Real Estate Power 100, which was reported and written in collaboration with journalist Sydney Kashiwagi, highlights the key industry actors, public officials, advocates and others who are navigating the crisis and positioning New York for a robust recovery. [At number] 24. Melanie La Rocca, Commissioner, NYC Department of Buildings. Melanie La Rocca heads the agency responsible for overseeing about 1.1 million buildings in New York City and more than 45,000 construction sites. When non-essential construction resumed over the summer, the Department of Buildings issued safety guidelines for construction sites and sent out teams of inspectors to ensure workers were in compliance. La Rocca also led the city’s rapid response “situation room” to respond to coronavirus cases in public schools.
City Dept. of Buildings launches remote video inspection pilot program on Staten Island
SI Advance
March 16, 2021
The Department of Buildings (DOB) will allow Staten Islanders in need of Construction Final Inspections to receive one via digital video technology instead of the traditional in-person inspection. Remote Video Inspections (RVI) will be offered to eligible applicants and owners from March 19 to April 30.
DOB finding few Covid violations at job sites as city restarts construction projects
Crain’s
March 8, 2021
Covid-19 violations have remained a fairly uncommon problem at construction sites as the city restarts $17 billion worth of its projects, according to data from the Department of Buildings. The agency has issued 851 violations for noncompliance with its Covid-19 protocols as of March 1, spokesman Andrew Rudansky said. It had issued 550 violations between July 8 and Sept. 2, indicating that the amount of violations inspectors have found at construction sites has dropped off dramatically since the summer of 2020. The Building Department began inspecting construction sites for Covid noncompliance violations July 8.
City Conducting Surprise Sweeps of Facade-Repair Projects
Habitat
March 4, 2021
Co-op and condo boards in the midst of mandated facade repairs, beware! The city’s Department of Buildings (DOB) is conducting surprise sweeps of facade projects to make sure that all work is being performed in compliance with city regulations and the Facade Inspection and Safety Program (FISP), formerly known as Local Law 11. “We have teams of inspectors who will be conducting surprise inspections of 1,100 of these construction sites across the city to ensure that the supervisors and contractors are properly protecting their workers and the public,” says Lisa Wood, deputy press secretary at DOB. “We are constantly pushing to establish a culture of safety in this industry,” says DOB Commissioner Melanie E. La Rocca.
New NYC Department Of Buildings Regulation Aims To Keep Landlords Accountable For Dangerous Conditions
CBS 2
March 2, 2021
There’s a new push by New York City to keep landlords accountable for dangerous conditions. A new Department of Buildings regulation bars owners of residential buildings with a high proportion of hazardous violations from getting new construction permits. The buildings will be put on a list by the DOB and won’t be able to obtain a permit until violations are resolved. The permit restriction applies to violations issued on or after Jan. 4, 2020.
Crane operator fined $10K for playing with his cellphone also probed for role in NYC hardhat’s 2019 death
Daily News
March 2, 2021
A crane operator fined $10,000 for using his cellphone while hoisting steel on a Bronx job site is also under investigation for his role in the death of a Manhattan construction worker in 2019, the Daily News has learned. Michael Chichester was fined the $10,000 in January for the Bronx violation — as investigators continue to examine his role in the gruesome death of hardhat Gregory Echeverria during the construction of a luxury building at 570 Broome St. in SoHo on April 13, 2019. “Mr. Chichester was one of the parties involved in the 2019 fatal crane incident,” Buildings Department spokesman Andrew Rudansky said Tuesday. “That incident is still under investigation by the Department of Buildings and our partners in law enforcement. Further enforcement actions related to that incident are pending the conclusion of that joint investigation.
February
DOB launches facade, scaffold safety blitz
Real Estate Weekly
February 19, 2021
The Department of Buildings has launched a seven-week façade and scaffold safety blitz. The campaign includes direct educational outreach to construction workers and industry professionals on scaffold safety, as well as inspection sweeps on façade work sites across the five boroughs. Inspectors will also now provide a detailed check list to construction contractors for any deficiencies found with their scaffolding set up following required corner/angle scaffold safety inspections. The campaign builds upon DOB’s efforts, announced in December of 2019, to strengthen our existing Façade Inspection & Safety Program (FISP) program, which aims to improve work site safety, and hold bad actors accountable for not properly maintaining their buildings’ façades.
The 2021 Construction Power 50
City & State
February 11, 2021
Undercutting the stereotype that New York City government is completely bogged down by red tape, Buildings Commissioner Melanie La Rocca and Mayor’s Office of Contract Services Director Dan Symon have prioritized streamlining the bureaucracy that historically had hampered the private sector. La Rocca’s Buildings Department has also spent years moving its processes online, which has proved invaluable during the coronavirus pandemic.
Council Extends Moratorium on Retail Sign Violations
Bklyner
February 11, 2021
The City Council voted unanimously today to extend a moratorium on sign violation fines that briefly sent small retail business owners into a panic in 2018. The new bill adds an additional two years to a recently expired two-year moratorium on Department of Buildings (DOB) violations related to accessory signs. It also revives a temporary DOB assistance program designed to help businesses owners properly install signs outside their storefronts, and increases the waiver covering installation costs to 100%.
Carbon Emissions and the Recent Climate Mobilization Act of New York City
JD Supra
February 9, 2021
The Climate Mobilization Act constitutes a profound shift in the regulation of commercial real estate in New York City—and all stakeholders including building owners, investors, sellers and purchasers, tenants, and lenders will need to consider how to quantify and allocate the costs of compliance (or non-compliance). Buildings that have emissions exceeding the “target emissions” by 40 percent or more can apply for an adjustment with the New York City Department of Buildings (DOB) no later than July 1, 2021, but the adjustments are only given for cause and where special circumstances can be established. Adjustments are also not indefinite in duration. Rather, they are designed to allow enough time to permit compliance by the next set of targets, in 2030.
Navigating New York’s new TCO process
Real Estate Weekly
February 9, 2021
The pinnacle of any construction project is the issuance of the Certificate of Occupancy (CO), albeit temporary or final. These documents, distributed by the NYC Department of Buildings (DOB), grant the legal occupation of a new development or an existing building under construction in NYC. The process can be daunting and lengthy, but extremely necessary to not only protect residents and workers, but also to make the project financially viable. Developers do not see any money until the building is occupied. On December 10, 2020, the New York City Council passed Intro. 2033 creating Interim Certificates of Occupancy (ICOs) for NYC buildings.
NYC’s Wealthy Enclaves Lost Housing in Past Decade as Combining of Apartments Outpaced New Construction
The City
February 8, 2021
New York is a city that’s seemingly always under construction. But for all that building, some richer neighborhoods haven’t added a single new home overall in the past decade — and have even lost units. That’s because so many people combined apartments or homes into one dwelling, the total for new housing dipped below zero, according to a new analysis by the Department of City Planning. The department analyzed the figures using its new database of all housing construction and demolition jobs approved by the Department of Buildings in the five boroughs since Jan. 1, 2010.
January
Deadline looms for construction worker safety training
Real Estate Weekly
January 29, 2021
The New York City Department of Buildings (DOB) is reminding the construction and development industry of the upcoming deadline for construction workers on large work sites in New York City to obtain Site Safety Training (SST) cards, signifying the successful completion of at least 40 hours of mandatory construction safety training. “Site Safety Training is key to preventing unsafe conditions on construction sites, and has been instrumental in helping us achieve the historic drop in injuries these last two years,” said Buildings Commissioner Melanie E. La Rocca.
Bklyn Lawmakers on the Move Jan. 29, 2021: Diaz Bill Extending Deadline for Basement Apartment Applicants Passes Council
King’s County Politics
January 29, 2021
City Council Member Darma Diaz (D-Bushwick, East New York) yesterday saw her legislation, 2204-A, establishing a six-month extension for applicants to the City’s basement apartment legalization pilot program. Applicants were originally required to submit the required construction documents to the Department of Buildings (DOB) by January 2, 2021 (18 months after the effective date of Local Law 49 for the year 2019), but the impact of the COVID-19 crisis has caused significant delays, making compliance with the deadline difficult and affecting DOB’s ability to review applications and conduct necessary in-person inspections.
New York City building department rolling out safety credential system
Construction Dive
January 27, 2021
myComply, a tech company that uses hardware and software to verify safety training, has been selected by the New York City Department of Buildings to build and administer the software behind a new training credential database.
Badri Hiriyur: Developed AI-based Visual Analysis Tool for Façade Inspection
Engineering News-Record
January 20, 2021
The challenges of maintaining facades often come down to a matter of time, cost and effort. Regular inspections are time-consuming, with professional engineers having to review photographs or perform in-person inspections before they can render judgment. But what if some of the process could be automated, allowing for better warning of decaying facades? That was the hypothesis of Badri Hiriyur, director of Thornton Tomasetti’s CORE.AI lab and the inventor of T2D2—or Thornton Tomasetti Damage Detector—a machine-learning-based, image-analysis algorithm that can identify and categorize damage to building facades from photo and video alone.
New Class Of Certificate Of Occupancy Coming Soon To NYC
JD Supra
January 19, 2021
At the end of last year, the New York City Council voted to approve Intro. 2033, legislation which will create a new class of certificate of occupancy: the Interim Certificate of Occupancy (“ICO”). The Department of Buildings is permitted to begin issuing ICOs as early as mid-April. Like a Temporary Certificate of Occupancy (“TCO”), an ICO will be available for portions of a project which are deemed safe for occupancy even though the remainder of the project has not been completed. Unlike TCOs, ICOs are not required to be renewed every 90 days – they expire only on issuance of a final Certificate of Occupancy by the DOB. This new option will provide more stability for developers and building owners by providing a secure certificate that can be offered to prospective tenants without the risk of a renewal denial every 90 days and no additional required DOB interaction. It will further reduce red tape and unnecessary interactions between developers and the City.
DOB says site of deadly wall collapse lacked safeguards and permits
Brooklyn Reporter
January 14, 2021
An investigation into the deadly wall collapse at a construction site in Sunset Park found that the site lacked adequate safeguards and that required permits had not been issued for the work. The collapse took place Dec. 28 in the rear of a two-family residential building on 43rd Street between Fourth and Fifth Avenues, trapping two workers under the debris. One worker, Jasim Mia, was pronounced dead at the scene. The other sustained moderate injuries. The NYC Department of Buildings said, “Our investigation determined that workers were excavating the area adjacent to a retaining wall in the backyard, between 454 42nd St. and 453 43rd St., without first implementing adequate shoring safeguards. As a result, the retaining wall collapsed into the backyard at 454 42nd St. and onto the two workers.”
Lenders' Role Will Be Key In NYC Green Building Loans
Law 360
January 14, 2021
In May 2019, the NY City Council passed the Climate Mobilization Act. One of the most important parts of the act, Local Law 97, requires all new and existing buildings larger than 25,000 sq. ft. to reduce their carbon emissions by 40% by the year 2030, and by 80% by the year 2050. The first deadline for compliance with the act is soon. On or prior to July 1, building owners may apply to the NYC Department of Buildings for adjustments to the building emissions limits set forth in the act. To qualify for an adjustment, building owners are obligated to take advantage of any available loan or grant opportunities for energy-efficient retrofits, such as C-PACE loans.
City Pilot to Combat Tenant Harassment Should Be Improved and Made Permanent, Advocates Say
City Limits
January 11, 2021
Housing advocates say a city initiative to protect tenants from landlord harassment is working, and should be permanently expanded across the five boroughs—but with improvements. The City Council passed the legislation behind the Certificate of No Harassment (CONH) pilot program in 2017. The three-year initiative, administered under HPD, requires landlords of select buildings with a history of violations and tenant harassment to apply for certification from the city before they can obtain building permits for construction work. The program was aimed to prevent landlords from harassing and pushing tenants out of apartments in order to renovate the units and hike rents. Advocates say construction can be a form of tenant harassment itself, with landlords who do work at all hours to disturb residents or who cut off essential services during renovations, such as heat or hot water. If HPD determines there has been no harassment, the CONH is issued and the property owners can receive their Department of Buildings permit.
Update On New York City Gas Piping System Inspection And Certification Deadlines
JD Supra
January 5, 2021
As a result of a bill approved by the New York City Council on December 17, 2020, which is expected to become law on January 18, 2021, the December 31, 2020 deadline for gas piping inspections for Community Districts 1, 3 and 10 in all boroughs has been extended to June 30, 2021. The NYC Department of Buildings has issued a Service Notice summarizing the impact of this change.
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6,180 | Validation of Online Cohort of Eosinophilic Gastrointestinal Disorder (EGID) Patients Enrolled in RDCRN CEGIR Contact Registry
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CEGIR Study 7807
Get Involved > Studies > CEGIR Study 7807
7807: Validation of Online Cohort of Eosinophilic Gastrointestinal Disorder (EGID) Patients Enrolled in RDCRN CEGIR Contact Registry - COMPLETED
Status: RECRUITING
Study Summary
The purpose of this study is to determine the accuracy of self-reported Eosinophilic Gastrointestinal Disorders (EGID) information provided by Consortium of Eosinophilic Gastrointestinal Disease Researchers (CEGIR) Contact Registry (CR) participants compared to their physician’s report. Another purpose of this study is to determine the agreement between pathology report confirming EGID diagnosis and both physician and patient report.
For Diseases
Eosinophilic Esophagitis (EoE)
Eosinophilic Gastritis (EG)
Eosinophilic Gastroenteritis (EGE)
Eosinophilic Colitis (EC)
Background
EGIDs are rare disorders characterized by elevated white blood cells (called eosinophils) in the gastrointestinal tract. The 4 types of EGIDS are: EoE, EG, EGE and EC. Patients with EGIDs can join the CEGIR CR where they provide information about their disorder/s. The purpose of this study is to see if the CR participants’ reported disease information matches with the information reported by their physicians.
The research questions are:
Do the CR participants’ self-reported EGID information match their physicians’ reports?
Do the EGID diagnostic pathology reports match both the physician and patient reports?
About this Study
This is a cross sectional survey study involving CEGIR CR participants and their physicians. As of August 16, 2018, there were 1,448 patients in the CEGIR CR. The number of CR participants that are involved in this study will be dependent upon the number that are enrolled in the CR on the study start date. On the study start date, the Data Management and Coordinating Center (DMCC) will send Contact Registrants an introduction email that contains a link to the consent form. If the Contact Registrant provides consent to both participate in the study and for the DMCC to contact their physician, and provides their physician’s contact information, the individual will be directed to complete an online survey, and their physician will be sent an introductory email with a survey link.
The study participant will answer questions on demographics, disease type and activity, medications, medical history and treatment/therapies. The physician will provide relevant information as documented in the patient’s clinical records. Physicians will also be requested to upload their patient’s pathology reports as part of the survey.
Both Contact Registrants and physicians will receive up to 4 e-mails total (1 invitation email and 3 follow-up/reminder e-mails). After 4 e-mails have been sent, the individual will not be contacted about the study again. Both Contact Registrants and physicians will have the option to opt out and to stop being contacted about the study.
Targeted Enrollment
To be eligible to participate, you must:
Have a diagnosis of EGID (EoE, EG, EGE, and/or EC)
Be enrolled in the CEGIR Contact Registry
Be any age. A parent or guardian of children < 18 years of age will respond to the questionnaire on behalf of their child.
Be any gender
Have Internet access
You are not eligible to participate if:
You are unable to provide informed consent and complete the survey.
How to Join
You can join if you are a member of the CEGIR Contact Registry and meet the above Inclusion/Exclusion Criteria.
If you have any questions about this study or how to join, please contact:
Florida
University of South Florida, Tampa
Study Coordinator: Kimberly Bray, MPH, CPH
Phone: 813-396-9719
Email: Kimberly.Bray@epi.usf.edu
Please Note: The Rare Diseases Clinical Research Network will make every effort to enroll all the patients we can, but we cannot make any guarantees that we will be able to enroll everyone in a particular study who wants to participate.
Copyright (c) 2021 CEGIR | Privacy Statement | Terms Of Use
Website Policies | Research Members Login | Rare Diseases Clinical Research Network
The Consortium of Eosinophilic Gastrointestinal Disease Researchers (CEGIR) is part of the Rare Diseases Clinical Research Network (RDCRN), which is funded by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and led by the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS) through its Office of Rare Diseases Research (ORDR). CEGIR is funded under grant number U54AI117804 as a collaboration between NCATS, the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), and the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK).
This website is hosted by the network’s Data Management and Coordinating Center at Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, which is funded by NCATS and the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) under grant number TR002818. | {
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6,181 | Tech startup Square, which is led by Twitter co-founder Jack Dorsey , announced Monday that it's working to turn the iPad, iPhone and Android devices into portable payment systems .
At a news conference in San Francisco, the company unveiled two mobile applications designed to let shoppers and stores use digital devices instead of a cash register or credit card terminal when conducting transactions.
Square Register, a new free app for Apple's iPad, turns the device into a modern-day cash register.
Square Register, a new free app for Apple's iPad, is designed to speed up the checkout process, track sales and make it easy for businesses to communicate with customers on their mobile devices. The touch-enabled point-of-sale and checkout app essentially replaces stores' cash registers.
The application can also generate digital receipts, update pricing and maintain virtual storefronts.
The company also unveiled Card Case, an app designed to help iPhone and Android users find local businesses and track and store digital receipts. The Card Case app also lets users set up tabs for their favorite merchants, making purchasing instant and easy. Card Case, according to Square, can be activated through a text message invitation from Square after the user makes a credit card purchase at a participating merchant.
"Cash registers and credit card terminals are relics of an expensive, complicated, and impersonal commercial transaction system," said Dorsey, CEO of Square. "With Register and Card Case, we're transforming everyday transactions between buyers and sellers into something special."
The Square Register app for iPad is available for free in Apple's App Store.
Read more about mobile apps and services in Computerworld's Mobile Apps and Services Topic Center.
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Copyright 2021 IDG Communications. ABN 14 001 592 650. All rights reserved. Reproduction in whole or in part in any form or medium without express written permission of IDG Communications is prohibited. | {
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6,182 | Hiring in Information, Communication & Technology remains strong across New Zealand with 37.8% of employers looking to increase permanent headcount and one in three (33.3%) hiring managers intending to increase contract headcount in their ICT teams.
More News »
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6,183 | Upload/Download has been moved to the https/ssl protocol. Everything should work stable now. Please report any encountered bugs. ...
Zippyuploader update, Docs and Videos encoding performance boost
03 Dec 2017 23:38
Hey folks, <strong>A quick update:</strong> - Today a new version (0.0.16.0) of the Zippyuploader was released. The only change is related to an increased file size limit of 500MB. If something ...
500MB - We just increased the file size limit.
13 Nov 2017 00:08
This is probably a long-awaited update, but I assure you that this is not the last change prepared by us for the next 3 months. Let us know if everything with the new limit works as intended. Cheers! ...
To upload a file just follow these simple steps:
Benefits of using Zippyshare:
1) Select a file to send by clicking the "Browse" button. You can then select photos, audio, video, documents or anything else you want to send. The maximum file size is 500 MB.
2) Click the "Start Upload" button to start uploading the file. You will see the progress of the file transfer. Please don't close your browser window while uploading or it will cancel the upload.
3) After a succesfull upload you'll receive a unique link to the download site, which you can place anywhere: on your homepage, blog, forum or send it via IM or e-mail to your friends. | {
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6,184 | Update Required To play the media you will need to either update your browser to a recent version or update your Flash plugin.
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Zippyshare.com News:
HTTPS/SSL activation
03 Apr 2018 20:48
Upload/Download has been moved to the https/ssl protocol. Everything should work stable now. Please report any encountered bugs. ...
Zippyuploader update, Docs and Videos encoding performance boost
03 Dec 2017 23:38
Hey folks, <strong>A quick update:</strong> - Today a new version (0.0.16.0) of the Zippyuploader was released. The only change is related to an increased file size limit of 500MB. If something ...
500MB - We just increased the file size limit.
13 Nov 2017 00:08
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Benefits of using Zippyshare:
1) Select a file to send by clicking the "Browse" button. You can then select photos, audio, video, documents or anything else you want to send. The maximum file size is 500 MB.
2) Click the "Start Upload" button to start uploading the file. You will see the progress of the file transfer. Please don't close your browser window while uploading or it will cancel the upload.
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6,185 | A best selling styles, this dress will have you covered from day to night. Cut to be worn loose and features side pockets with shell buttons and a covered placket.
We love wearing ours with the matching wide leg palazzo pants, as a dress or as a duster jacket. Either way, just add shoes and you’re ready to go.
Lightweight, ultra soft and breathable, the Tencel is made from Lenzing Modal®, sourced from European beechwood trees, harvested from sustainably managed forests. | {
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6,186 | x-worldcomics - UFABET999 สมัคร เว็บแทงบอลออนไลน์ ยูฟ่าเบท ที่ได้มาตรฐานระดับโลก เว็บ UFABET มือถือ ที่ดีที่สุดในประเทศไทย แทงบอลออนไลน์ คาสิโน บาคาร่า สล๊อต
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World Trigger anime season 3.
World Trigger anime season 3. The World Trigger 3rd Season. TV anime will premiere on October 9, 2021. The official website has released a new trailer for fans to watch. The series’ first music event was also announced. It will be called World Trigger. The Music Expo
Nov 08, 2021 by admin in BOOKS
Kyoukai Senki.
Kyoukai Senki. A new robot-themed original anime created by a collaboration between Bandai Spirits and new company Sunrise Beyond. Bandai Spirits official YouTube channel has released a preview of the first 11-minute episode. A new visual has also been revealed. The premiere is scheduled for October 4,
Nov 05, 2021 by admin in BOOKS
Attack on Titan and Baki
Attack on Titan and Baki. Come to anime, it’s good for people who like to watch long stuff because there are 5 seasons together. Based on a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Hajime Isayama. It tells the story in a world where humanity lives
Sep 15, 2021 by admin in BOOKS
Demon Slayer and Pokemon Journeys
Demon Slayer and Pokemon Journeys. Another must-see anime from Netflix that is currently the hottest hit right now with the Demon Slayer, which launched its first season last year. Based on the popular comic book that has sold over 40.3 million copies worldwide. When it comes to
Aug 31, 2021 by admin in BOOKS
Monster Hunter: Legends of the Guild
Capcom has announced that Monster Hunter: Legends of the Guild. It is an animated CG previously announced in July 2018, is from Studio Pure Imagination. The setting of the film is set in a world where humans, nature and giant monsters coexist. Which must maintain the ecological
Jul 21, 2021 by admin in BOOKS
Naruto
Naruto. Finally, the legendary anime of all time. I believe that many people do not know this cartoon for sure. Naruto, the magic ninja. The story of Uzumaki Naruto, an orphan boy born with the power of a nine-tailed fox. causing him to be disgusted by the
Jun 24, 2021 by admin in BOOKS
Howl’s Moving Castle
Howl’s Moving Castle is The story of Sophie, a woman making a hat. She built a hat shop after her father. A young woman works every day. Unlike girls of his age who often hang out and play. Dress up for love and beauty, or have some love for
Jun 17, 2021 by admin in BOOKS
The Writer Mr. Nozaki-kun
The Writer Mr. Nozaki-kun. Let’s come together at a fun cartoon. The story of Sakura Chiyo, a high school girl who secretly falls in love with a wild young man like her classmate Nozaki. Chiyo gathered the courage to ask him to be his girlfriend. But Nozaki gave
Jun 10, 2021 by admin in BOOKS
Noragami the wandering angel
Noragami the wandering angel is Another must-see net-fiction manga. The story of Yato, the underdog deity that even his own court doesn’t have. He had to travel to work for hire to collect money. Dreaming that one day you will have to build your own shrine with a
Jun 03, 2021 by admin in BOOKS
Fruit basket
Fruit basket Is an anime that is famous and will remain in the hearts of many people. But last year, the manga was reworked about the charm of the rice ball girl. Both the pictures and lines look more modern, but the story is still
May 25, 2021 by admin in BOOKS
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Anime Anime Great fun on Netflix Attack on Titan and Baki A whisker away cartoon Demon Slayer and Pokemon Journeys. disney Disney cartoons hits of all time Howl’s Moving Castle Monster Hunter: Legends of the Guild Naruto netflix RAYA AND THE LAST DRAGON Star Wars The Rise of Skywalker The Writer Mr. Nozaki-kun Tom and Jerry 2021 ufabet Violet Evergarden | {
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6,187 | Oct 31, 2016 ... To Reach Gloucester, Gloucester, Massachusetts— the place you come back ... The Aborn Hotel and Cottages are located at Magnolia, Mass., ...
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6,188 | The EXALT Heavy is a unit encountered early in EXALT missions that is armed with a rocket launcher and LMG. It is the equivalent of a XCOM Heavy with a lower Aim stat.
Abilities[]
Ability
Description
Fire Rocket Fire a rocket using an equipped launcher. This ability can not be used after moving, nor more than once per mission.
Holo-Targeting Shooting at or suppressing enemies also confers +10 Aim to any allies' attacks on those enemies.
Suppression Fire a barrage that pins down a target, granting reaction fire against it and imposing a 30 penalty to Aim.
Capturing[]
EXALT members cannot be captured, and will instead commit suicide if stunned with an Arc Thrower, granting the Pain in the Neck achievement. Their weapons can be recovered and sold on the Gray Market.
Multiplayer[]
EXALT Heavies are the most expensive basic EXALT unit, more so than Elite Medics
Use them for their rockets first, then their frag grenade, and finally their LMG
The LMG should be used for suppression, as the EXALT Heavy's aim stat is fairly terrible
They are cheaper than an equivalent XCOM Heavy, but cannot be customized and have poorer stats
Holo-Targeting is useful if running a full EXALT squad, because it gives a much-needed boost to the squad's accuracy
Their health is roughly average; expect them to survive a few rifle shots, perhaps a plasma pistol or two, and a single Light Plasma Rifle shot. Anything more will instantly kill them.
Tactics[]
Killing EXALT Heavies should be the squad's first priority when encountered. Their rocket launcher can do a good amount of damage and will destroy cover, leaving your squad exposed to any other EXALT forces, and it is not disabled by hacking comm relays. It should be noted that like XCOM Heavies, EXALT Heavies cannot fire their launcher after moving.
Employing stealth is advised when facing EXALT Heavies, given that, despite possessing AoE abilities, said enemies will only use them if the target is within their LoS. Staying at least one tile away from corners, for example, will force EXALT Heavies to move in an attempt to locate the squad, possibly exposing themselves to reaction fire and/or flanking maneuvers, to say nothing about the fact that, as aforementioned, rockets can't be fired after moving, which effectively means that executing this tactic successfully renders Heavies even less dangerous than enemies equipped with grenades.
Rockets used by EXALT Heavies can only be fired in a straight trajectory, meaning that they are susceptible to collisions. This allows a soldier to safely lure enemies by using Hunker Down in full cover even when Heavies are present, as they will not fire against a soldier within their LoS if a large enough object is located between them. | {
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6,189 | Commodities are among the oldest trading elements and they are here to stay forever. People are trading commodities before stocks, bonds, ETFs, and forex. If you are a beginner and planning to invest in commodities, we are here to help.
In this article, we will have a detailed overview of commodity trading along with ways to trade them. One thing you need to keep in mind while trading commodities is market volatility. As compared to stocks, bonds, and mutual funds, commodity fluctuations are higher.
So, you need to spend more time monitoring them as compared to other trading assets. Earlier, trading commodities was not that straightforward, but today, there are several options.
Why Commodities trading
For any investor, commodities are a way to diversify the portfolio along with other assets. The prices of commodities and shares move in opposite directions and it brings safety. Safety in the sense of a commodity provides an extra cushion to the investor's money.
Some common commodities for trading are metals, energy, livestock, and agriculture. This trading sector gives you the opportunity to make profits in a quick way. Some of the major exchanges dealing with commodity trading are:
Chicago Mercantile Exchange (CME)
New York Mercantile Exchange (NYMEX)
Intercontinental Exchange (ICE) in Atlanta
Kansas City Board of Trade
Characteristics:
The complete commodity market depends on the supply and demand balance. Anything that makes changes in supply will impact the demand and vice versa. If the commodity supply is higher, then the prices will be on the lower side. And on the other side, if the supply is low, then the prices will go up in no time. This thing applies to all four major categories.
Along with supply and demand, there are many commodity market movers. For example, growing countries like India, and China are consuming a higher volume of it. So, due to the high consumption, the supply and availability of metals are less in other countries.
Available Types
Commodities are easy to categorize in four major areas which are as below:
Metals:
Metals are the most common commodities trading that beginners and experts can do in the market. Some of the popular commodity trading metals are gold, platinum, silver, and copper. These metals can go bearish or bullish in an unexpected way.
Due to the unpredictable nature of the market, people prefer to trade gold instead of others. As gold is reliable, available, and of high value— people prefer to trade it. Many traders also prefer to hold for a long time because of its good return as compared to others.
Energy
Energy commodities are running the world and they are always in demand. No matter if the economy crashes or goes up, all need these commodities. Some of the high-demand items are crude oil, natural gas, heating oil, gasoline, and more. The energy market is also very volatile and it could be more risk-sensitive for traders.
Higher development across economies and fewer supplies of oil is the reason for the surge. OPEC is a major factor influencing the prices of energy commodities. On the other side, more technologies like wind energy and solar energy also impact them.
Livestock commodity
As the name suggests, meat and livestock commodities have pork bellies, live cattle, and more. But, in this commodity trading, only a certain set of investors jump into it.
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Agriculture
Agriculture is also a very popular category and many investors take interest in them. This category involves soybean, wheat, corn, coffee, and more. In this particular sector, the grains are volatile and they get affected by any situation.
Any kind of unexpected weather or political impact can bring volatility to it. Investors can take advantage of a growing population and limited production in this sector. But, one thing every investor needs to keep in mind is that the volatility is higher in this sector.
Ways to trade:
Now, on this note, let's have a look at how to begin with commodity trading and what are the ways to do it.
Future contracts
Most of the traders that have experience opt for futures trading in commodities. It's kind of an authorized contract between two parties of commodity buy and sells. The buyer party promises to buy the commodity when the contract expires.
And on the other side, the selling party premises that they will deliver the contract when it expires. This feature of futures contracts is available for all types of commodities trading worldwide. And, when it comes to the investor types that take interest in this activity are of two types.
First are the institutional investors and the second are the speculative investors. Many manufacturing companies use futures contracts to reduce their expenditure.
The service providers and manufacturers take positions in the commodity market. For example, the airline industry can deal with oil companies to get fuel at some special prices. And, these special prices are only valid till the contracts are not expired. This contract lets companies save money for a specific time.
Stocks
Another most popular way of trading commodities is by investing in stocks. This method has less risk as compared to futures trading and this is the reason why it's popular.
It's the best way for beginners to trade commodities in a safe way. You can invest in any company whose core business is in commodity and related stuff. For example, you can invest in oil companies, crops companies, oil drilling firms, and more.
If you want to invest in gold, you can go for gold mining companies or refineries. These commodity companies will give a good return on your investments. If you are a beginner and you find futures contracts very volatile, stocks are the best options to pick.
Stocks in the market do not have that many price swings as contracts. And, another major advantage is that you can buy, sell, trade, or hold them as per your needs.
ETFs
ETFs and Exchange-traded notes (ETNs) are two other popular options for trading commodities. They are the same as stocks but it also lets the investors take benefits from the market fluctuations. Investors can take these benefits without investing in futures contracts.
Traders use ETFs to keep a track of a particular group of commodities or a single entity. Sometimes, the traders use the ETFs to support the commodities that are held in storage.
Mutual Index Funds
There is no such rule that will allow you to use mutual funds to invest in commodities. But, there are some commodity index mutual funds that allow you to invest in future contracts. Along with them, you can also invest in other commodity-linked derivative financial instruments.
Summary
Commodities trading is rewarding, you only need to be aware of the ways of doing it. Earlier it used to be very difficult, but now you have many options. If you are a beginner, you can pick the stock options for investing in the commodity market. On the other side, you can also go for futures contracts once you gain some experience.
Like the other investment options, commodities bring in a good opportunity to invest. You can get started with any of the available commodity trading options and make profits.
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6,190 | Worldwide biggest escort directory of independent escorts, escort agencies and strip clubs … You find here the best female and male escorts providing massage and … that you may access following links, email or phone contacts from this portal.
An escort agency is a company that provides escorts for clients, usually for sexual services. The agency typically arranges a meeting between one of its escorts and the client at the customer’s house or hotel room (outcall), or at the escort’s residence (incall). Some agencies also provide escorts for longer durations, who may stay with the client or travel along on a holiday or business trip. While the escort agency is paid a fee for this booking and dispatch service, the customer must negotiate any additional fees or arrangements directly with the escort for any other services that are not provided by the agency involved, such as providing sexual services (regardless of the legality of these services). Escorte Bucuresti .
Once an agency decides to hire an escort, she or he will provide photographs or pose for a photographer. These pictures are posted on the agency’s website or circulated among clients to promote business.
Some larger escort agencies maintain websites with photo galleries of their escorts. Clients contact agencies by telephone and offer a description of what kind of escorts are sought. The agency will then suggest an escort who might fit that client’s need. Escorte Timisoara .
I’m in my mid-30s now. I am not one of those “This is my calling!”, “I can quit anytime I want to!”, or “I can choose my clients and I would never work with the unpleasant ones!” Not at all. I do not want to belittle their experiences, part of it may be true for them, but after many years of hearing from them – hearing how my negative experiences in prostitution are all my own fault and should not be spoken of, I have started to question their truth as well, not just my own truth.
I was also one of those who told all the clients how lovely it is to see them, how happy I am to work with them, how they are my favourite clients. I really tried to make myself believe it too. ESCORTS FROM UNITED ARAB EMIRATES.
The truth is, of course, I was very happy to see their money, and I was also very happy to see them leave me alone after our sessions. Cheerfully shouting at them as they left: “Thanks! I had a great time! Welcome back!”
Which in fact meant: “Thanks for the money so I can survive another day, I’m so happy that it’s over for today. But I will never get out of this miserable job, so I must try to keep my regulars happy to avoid the risks that come with meeting new clients.” Escorts from italy .
And I was often told by clients that my “Girlfriend Experience” was awesome, almost perfect. “Just an illusion or was it real, Jo?” This was asked sometimes. I was often told that I was wholeheartedly involved with my clients in our sessions. That my pleasure was not fake, that I really seemed to love sex. ESCORTS FROM DUBAI .
What sex? I have no memories of the sex part at all, they are all supressed under the well-practiced performance. The performance that helped me survive in this world since I was a kid.
The clients wondered if there were actually some real, hot feelings between us. Many messages from them, thanking me for the experience. And I never even remembered what had happened. I felt like a robot every day. But seems that I really was a good actress. ESCORTS FROM UNITED KINGDOM .
The clients of course wouldn’t know better, because I was always on drugs (which none of them even noticed, I hid it all so well), very addicted to painkillers and benzodiazepines to handle the inhumane working conditions, and I had blocked my mind from remembering too much, to protect my inner self, like most of us do in prostitution.
I would just sit on my bed afterwards, looking at the money, focusing on it, counting my savings every day to keep myself motivated, and counting how much more I would have to save to retire. To never return, to leave and to forget all that had happened in prostitution. Ever. Escorte Premium . To erase every single detail of my past.
I was one of those who never had many choices. At times I tried to get disability, but the bureaucracy failed me over and over again – my mental health had been extremely shattered all my life, I couldn’t even go to a grocery store alone anymore. But I also had no one to help me, no actual safety net.
My self-esteem was very low, starting from the childhood abuse, continuing well into adulthood, a never ending cycle. No education whatsoever. No work experience in any other industry than the sex industry, not even a day.
I had given up my beloved child, simply not to ruin her life as I was slowly ruining mine – I knew as a fact I would have ruined her life just by being me, even if it was the last thing I wanted to happen no matter how I would have tried to protect her, I felt like I ruined everything I touched. ESCORTS FROM TOKYO .
All I could focus on every minute of my life, was to get the motivation to go on living at all, to breathe, and to go on serving my self-centred, demanding, wife-cheating, clinging, stalking, haggling, disrespectful clientele. I saw no escape.
I still see no escape before I have saved up enough for the rest of my life, but I have thought about all this through and through. No more lies! I have tried everything to get out, but I keep falling back. ESCORTS FROM TURKEY .
I have started to treat my clients with as much disrespect as they have for me to begin with, involuntarily. Out of tiredness to serve them. I never saw any respect from them. I was always happy for the small things they did or didn’t do. Such as, if a client actually showed up to our appointment – I was “in heaven”! If a client actually paid the full price, I was so thankful for his extra kindness for the needy! If a client didn’t verbally or physically assault me too badly, I saw him as a keeper! ESCORTS FROM BELGIUM .
There is so much disrespect in the world of prostitution that relatively normal human behaviour from clients felt like a gift from God. This is how it is for those of us, who didn’t choose this job out of pleasure. Whose choices were extremely limited ever since we were children. The children who were always told we are not worth anything. ESCORTS FROM SWITZERLAND .
As for the prostitutes that chose this job out of many, and are happy with it. I am genuinely happy for your pleasant experience in prostitution, and the fact that you don’t suffer from PTSD caused by it. I’m happy that you had the actual choice to do or not to do this. You are the lucky ones, “the upper class” indeed. But please do not continue to sweep us under the rug out of convenience. We are human beings too. We feel and think, too. And we are silent because of you.
. ESCORTS FROM NORWAY .
We are lonely, we are ashamed, and we feel like this is all our own fault. Our traumas, our negative feelings, the flashbacks – all our own fault. Because there’s absolutely nothing wrong with prostitution itself, you keep saying.
We, the more marginalized, are often too scared to speak out. Whenever we tell you about our struggles in the sex industry, you keep telling us: “Oh well, you’re just not suited for the job! Get a new one!” But what you fail to see when you say this, is that it was never the dream career choice for us – “the lower class of prostitutes.” It’s not a matter of choice for us, so we cannot simply just “get another job”, like most of you say you can. It’s you who can do that, or at least that is what you tell us.
The agency collects the client’s contact information and calls the escort. Usually, to protect the identity of the escort and ensure effective communication with the client, the agency arranges the appointment. Sometimes, it may be up to the escort to contact the client directly to make arrangements for the location and time of an appointment. Generally, the escort is also expected to call the agency upon arrival at the location and upon leaving, to ensure the safety of the escort.
ESCORTS FROM NETHERLANDS
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Publicat octombrie 6, 2018 De admin73ep
Din categoria Uncategorized Etichetat call girl, escort agency, escort directory, hire an escort, independent escorts, luxury escorts, sex escorts, sexy escorts, sexy girls, worldxxxescorts, worldxxxescorts.com, xxx escorts
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6,191 | It's sometimes difficult to critique a band as accomplished and as influential as U2. And it must be equally as challenging to be a band of that stature and continue to create music as stimulating as your earliest works. On their 12th studio album, No Line On The Horizon, U2 has yet again crafted an album that is expansive, and at the same time attentive to that familiar U2 spirit.
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U2 - How To Dismantle An Atomic Bomb - Interscope Records
Rapidly approaching their 30th anniversary as a band, and now almost 25 years since the release of their debut, Boy, I can think of few bands who have not only continued to impact popular culture and music but who continue to make great recorded music. Undeniably, U2 is one of those bands. | {
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6,192 | YARN | I can't get involved 'cause of journalism. | Family Guy (1999) - S08E14 Comedy | Video clips by quotes | d8776acc | 紗
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6,193 | Each approx. 4 oz skein contains about 420 yards of richly dyed sock joy. Of course, this yarn also makes lovely hats, cowls, shawls, and sweaters. Fiber content is 80% superwash merino, 10% cashmere, and 10% nylon for strength and durability. Gauge is 7-8 stitches to the inch on US 1-3 needles; your mileage may vary. | {
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6,194 | Listings in Rent a Space, Young Actor Organizations, On-Set Tutoring, Fitness Clubs, Modeling Classes, Playwrighting and Screenwriting, Tax Services and Headshots and Photography in Mount Laurel, Bergenfield and Cherry Hill | Backstage Yellowpages
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6,195 | I was disappointed to find that some people were handing around a petition against the building of the Crystal Brook Wind Farm at a recent working bee. The main objection, it seems, is NIMBY, they didn’t want them ‘all over our hills’. I wrote a new Net page in response. (http://ramblingsdc.net/WhySupportWindPower.html)
Why should we all be supporting wind power? Simply because the results of climate change are almost unimaginatively dire and wind-generated electricity is one way we can quickly and easily cut the CO2 emissions that are largely driving climate change.
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August 3, 2011 Dave Clarke
37 thoughts on “NIMBY strikes at Crystal Brook”
Blair Donaldson says:
August 4, 2011 at 3:13 pm
Your page is excellent Dave, it’s loaded with handy information. Let’s hope the NIMBYs bother to read it – assuming they want to be informed.
Reply
nath says:
August 5, 2011 at 8:09 pm
Why shouldnt locals be able to keep things their way? im appalled at this sort of behaviour from out of towners who think they should be able to tell others how to live.
How about trying to tell your neighbours how to live and see how they like it you weak pricks.
Reply
Blair Donaldson says:
August 14, 2011 at 10:26 am
I doubt any reasonable person would have any problem with locals keeping things “their way” so long as the reasons are based on evidence rather than selfishness or misinformation dolled up as fact.
In any case I’d be interested if you could point to any place in Australia that has remained unchanged? People enjoy their mod cons which frequently require electricity. The “locals” might have some credibility in their opposition to a wind farm if the area was also free of power lines conducting electricity to their properties, generated out of somebody else’s backyard.
Trying to tell a neighbour how to live is very different to windfarm opponents threatening those landholders who wish to host turbines on their property.
Try being a little objective next time Nath.
Reply
addy says:
August 10, 2011 at 12:39 pm
wow what comment to dave and blair I wonder what the response will be as they appear to be blowins?
certainly giving a clear cut message
Reply
Blair Donaldson says:
August 14, 2011 at 10:35 am
Addy, given that many “out-of-towners” didn’t refrain from coming to the area I live in to demonstrate against wind farms, you might want to rethink your statement.
Fortunately common sense prevailed and the windfarm was constructed, it’s now a non-issue now that people see it operating and that all the dire predictions have failed to be realised.
It’s disappointing you and so many other people have allowed themselves to be manipulated by Chicken Little’s running around the countryside spreading lies and disinformation.
No doubt you and your smug climate change denialist buddies believe renewable energy is a waste of time and money but I’m willing to bet anything, you’re on the wrong side of the argument as time will show.
You’re entitled to your own opinions but you’re not entitled to your own facts.
Reply
David Clarke says:
August 10, 2011 at 3:20 pm
Nath, I’m not an ‘out of towner’. What do you think I was doing at the working bee if I wasn’t a local? If built, the Crystal Brook Wind Farm will come within 4 or 5km of my home, and I will welcome it; partly for the greater good, partly because I like the look of wind turbines.
Reply
addy says:
August 10, 2011 at 8:40 pm
ah! the old chestnut “for the greater good”!
Reply
David Clarke says:
August 11, 2011 at 5:37 am
Yes addy. Is it a concept you are unable to understand?
Reply
addy says:
August 11, 2011 at 12:43 pm
this concept is the catch cry of the ill fated Rudd now Gillard gov’t that is seeing them hit all time lows in the polls Dave
Reply
David Clarke says:
August 11, 2011 at 2:35 pm
Addy. I’m not terribly worried about popularity in the polls. I’m more concerned with what is right?, what is ethical?, what needs to be done for the good of the planet?
If you find that difficult to understand, might I suggest reading some philosophy? Peter Singer’s book, ‘How are we to live?’, would be a good place to start.
Reply
addy says:
August 11, 2011 at 3:13 pm
I find it rather strange that the implementation of a complex network of wind turbines would deliver the necessary stategic requirements of bass load energy to enable the up take of power requirements by heavy industry. Such a uniformed approach would create such issues as visual pollution whilst also enhancing the key aspect of health impacts upon neighbouring landholders
Reply
Ben Courtice says:
August 11, 2011 at 3:27 pm
Addy, what health impacts? And visual pollution, really? What about phone towers, transmission lines, land clearing, road building? There is a common double standard where wind turbines are concerned.
As to “bass load energy” we prefer flexible, dispatchable-on-demand power such as that provided by solar thermal power plants with heat storage. Wind power, being much cheaper (at this early stage) is a very practical complement to such a flexible power source. And we hope that geothermal power will soon get to the stage where it is able to play some role as well, as a dispatchable-on-demand power supply. But solar thermal is capable of doing the job and it’s definitely available now.
Reply
David Clarke says:
August 11, 2011 at 5:44 pm
Addy. The fact that wind power is only available when the wind blows means that no power grid could run on wind power alone. So what? As Ben pointed out, solar thermal is capable of providing power on demand. All power stations stop at times due to routine maintenance or breakdowns; the system copes, it is set up to cope. Pumped hydro is another way of balancing generation with demand.
If you are interested in the health impacts I suggest you read the piece that Dr Sarah Edelman, who’s a clinical psychologist, wrote in the comments to the Four Corners program. You can read it at “http://ramblingsdc.net/Australia/WindHealth.html#Opinion_from_clinical_psychologist”.
Would you rather look at a coal-fired power station or nuclear power station than a wind farm? Or would you prefer to go without electricity?
Reply
addy says:
August 12, 2011 at 7:35 pm
very poor agruments Ben and Dave, to say would you prefer to look at ………….. what a complete take on such an issue
Wind energy appears to be caught in a vortex of pressures that is slowly destroying its integrity
and families are only to well aware of increasing power bills to stabilise this industry
Reply
Blair Donaldson says:
August 14, 2011 at 10:39 am
Just keep on believing your own unfounded justifications Addy, just don’t be surprised when you’re carefully nurtured fictions unravel.
There is plenty of evidence and research to show that increasing power bills are primarily due to the need to upgrade infrastructure because of a lack of investment over recent decades.
But of course you would know that if you had bothered to learn anything about the subject.
Reply
Alex Grew says:
August 12, 2011 at 10:07 pm
Addy, don’t try the increased power bills line around here. The LRET, which supports the development of large scale renewables (wind for now), is costing you and me just 0.15 cents per kWh. That’s not even 1% of your energy bill. By 2020 that’ll increase to about 1c. Not much to create 9000+ jobs (more than the domestic coal industry) and kickstart our transition to a safe climate. Alan Jones and the Australian might be able to fool Joe Public, but you are not fooling anyone here.
Reply
peter masters says:
August 16, 2011 at 10:39 am
Whos going to pay for gillards “clean energy future” ? would that be the taxpayers? so yes it does and will add further to the costs of electricity.
The simple fact that if we are going to deploy renewables means that there is a greater mix of production and therefore much more capital outlay that has to be payed for.
The price of electricity is not the only factor, it is the cost of the generating infrastructure which companies will want to recoup.
Lets not be simplistic here, private enterprise is about profit and the renewables industries are always crying out for greater assistance in way of pricing mechanisms to make them more profitable, prices will not be coming down anytime soon.
Reply
Ben Courtice says:
August 16, 2011 at 11:20 am
Beyond Zero Emissions’ plan for zero emissions electricity (including no more gas heating, electrified public transport etc) costs $37bn per year for ten years. That’s a huge amount of moolah, right? But over 30 years conservative estimates of increases in oil, gas and carbon tax costs would actually have their plan coming out cheaper than business as usual, because it plans to rapidly phase out oil and gas use, in particular. That’s without factoring in costs of random climate-related disasters, too, I believe.
Reply
russtafarian says:
August 23, 2011 at 8:29 am
The self important Dave Clarke has not reproduced Dr Edelmans 4 Corners Anxiety comment piece in its original form, so for him to refer to its reproduction on his ramblings site is rather misleading.
Dr Edelman made some revealing edits. Perhaps Dave Clarke (or Dr Edelmans) could tell us why if he is ‘more concerned with what is right… what is ethical’. See the link for Dr Edelmans original article, without her subsequent self censoring. http://www2b.abc.net.au/tmb/Client/Message.aspx?b=37&t=1&ps=50&dm=1&pd=2&am=14899#m14899
Reply
Dave Clarke says:
August 24, 2011 at 5:12 pm
Russtafarian. I repeat what I wrote when you made this same comment on another thread. Dr Edelman’s original post, on the Four Corners site, referred to a post by Prof. Wittert, also on the Four Corners site. That post by Wittert was not on my page, so readers whould not have known to what Dr Edelman was referring.
She disagreed with a statement that Prof. Wittert wrote. So what?
No conspiricy involved I’m afraid. Sorry to disapoint you.
Reply
Pingback: The J Edgar Hoover of Crystal Brook – STOP THESE THINGS
chris says:
March 24, 2013 at 7:41 am
the same david that opposed a cell site nimby!!!!!!
Reply
David K Clarke says:
March 27, 2013 at 8:04 am
In response to Stop These Things; what I wrote to the council was “I believe the antennas would be better placed outside Crystal Brook, perhaps on top of Cemetery Hill, because that would provide a better coverage of the district and tall towers do not improve the appearance of a town.” Mr Stop These Things (who lacks the courage to use his own name), I think you’ll have to do better than that if you want to dig up dirt on me. http://ramblingsdc.net/Australia/stopthesethings.html
What is NIMBYism about?; ramblingsdc.net/Australia/WindProblems.html#NIMBY
Reply
The Callous Wind says:
April 5, 2013 at 10:08 pm
The game is up Mr. Clarke, you can’t have it all your own way, it seems your ‘NIMBY, ‘truth’ and ‘ethics’, all have different meanings to every one else’s view of them. A NIMBY is a NIMBY whether it is related to wind turbines, or mobile phone towers and no matter how many excuses you come up with, you are a NIMBY. I don’t know what your problem is, mobile phone towers don’t emit any noise or infra sound, unlike wind turbines seem to do, as we are finding out more and more every day.
http://stopthesethings.com/2013/03/24/cape-bridgewater-sonia/
http://stopthesethings.com/2013/04/04/cape-bridgwater-melissa-and-rikki/
As I have said before, you and your blog have no credibility whatsoever.
Reply
Dave Clarke says:
April 6, 2013 at 6:38 am
I have dealt with your pathetic personal attack at ramblings/Australia/HeartlandFarmers.html#Facts_win_arguments_not_personal_attacks, it is not worth any more attention than that.
On that same page I have pointed out many of your lies. In return you have not provided any evidence in support of your false claims; all you can manage is an ad hominem attack. Heartland Farmers cannot provide any honest arguments showing that their predictions of disaster to the local grain industry will follow building of the Ceres wind farm. On the other hand, if the world does not move away from burning fossil fuels toward renewable energy, such as the Ceres wind farm, the grain industry on Yorke Peninsula will definitely suffer.
In regard to your links to Stop These Things:
1. Sonia’s situation is sad, she is obviously suffering. But, while I am certainly not an expert on psychology or health, it seems to me to be a classic case of psychogenic illness brought on by fear and anxiety (see http://psycnet.apa.org/psycinfo/2013-07740-001/ by Fiona Crichton et. al.)
2. Melissa and Rikki. They were recorded sitting in their home speaking and at the same time measuring sound levels. During these segments no sound from the turbines could be heard at all, yet Melissa was reading up to 68 to 79dBc and attributing it to the wind turbines. If these levels of sound were coming from the turbines they would have been clearly audible on the video recording. I don’t know what Melissa’s sound level meter was reading, perhaps it was the breeze blowing over the microphone, possibly low frequency sound from the breeze blowing around the house, but it seems impossible that it had anything to do with the wind turbines.
I have recorded sound levels within 100m of wind turbines many times. Under wind conditions of anything less than a gale I have not recorded higher sound levels than about 55dB
Reply
The Callous Wind says:
April 8, 2013 at 4:51 am
It seems that it is perfectly acceptable for Mr. Clarke to call people liars, NIMBY’s, unethical, hypocrites, anything you like, in various locations on the internet, but if anyone including myself, questions Mr. Clarke’s integrity, it is a pathetic personal attack. It seems Mr. Clarke is easily offended, well then, maybe the internet isn’t the place for him to air his views.
Mr. Clarke has chosen to denigrate everyone involved in the opposition of the Ceres Wind Turbine Project for reasons only known to himself. This is not opposition to wind turbines, this is opposition to where they are being placed, they must not be put in prime agricultural land and right alongside numerous coastal communities where a few thousand people live and come for recreation. It is also opposition against the violation of people’s basic human rights. This project was the brain child of three people, the community has never been consulted, the proponents then managed to get 36 property owners on side by offering them buckets full of money. These projects must not impact on their neighbours, this project is going to have huge impacts on it’s neighbours, which immediately makes it non compliant with all of the planning rules. The District Council has opposed this development, because of the totally incompetent development submissions the proponents presented and nearly the whole community opposes it.
Not only that, at the few meetings that the developers did hold, they treated the community with absolute contempt, that is why we are opposing this development. Now if Mr. Clarke has a problem with this, then that is his prerogative, but quite frankly, it is none of his business, he has not acquainted himself with the facts and he doesn’t even live here.
He also has the audacity to insult people like Sonia Twist, Rikki , Melissa who appear in the videos above and many who others around the country who are having genuine problems living near turbines, dismissing their problems as the nocebo effect. He quotes the Fiona Crichton study, which has been dismissed by STT for the the sham that it is.
Mr. Clarke then wonders why we question his credibility, well, I am sorry Mr. Clarke, as your title suggests, the NIMBY has struck at Crystal Brook.
Reply
David K Clarke says:
April 8, 2013 at 5:59 am
The Callous Wind; I certainly did not intend to insult Sonia Twist, Rikki or Melissa. I don’t believe that I did insult them. Perhaps you should read what I wrote again.
Fiona Crichton’s study was published in a peer-reviewed science journal. If you think that the fact that someone on STT dismissed it has any significance you don’t understand science.
You have written a number of unsubstantiated claims about how the Ceres wind farm will harm the grain industry and the people of Yorke Peninsula. I have provided arguments and evidence showing, I believe, the fallacies in your claims. So long as you are unable or unwilling to provide evidence that there is any factual basis to your claims I will continue to call them lies. (http://bit.ly/13UaBjo)
Why do you not address my arguments TCW? I suggest it is because you cannot.
Reply
The Callous Wind says:
April 11, 2013 at 10:38 pm
Mr. Clarke, for some reason or other, you seem to think I am the voice of Heartland Farmers, while I am an active member of Heartland Farmers, I am by no means their representative, they are doing very well on their own and the views I state are mine alone. I have my own reasons for opposing the Ceres Project, as do all of the members of Heartland Farmers Group, where we have come together for a common cause.
As for addressing your arguments, that would be a total waste of time, because whatever is said, you would contradict it and call it lies, I don’t have the time and it would achieve nothing, we are concentrating on the DAC and the Government, where it counts. We are now finding out on a daily basis, that it is not us telling the lies, but people like you Mr. Clarke, are the ones telling the lies. There are reports coming in every day of people suffering from sleep deprivation and many other problems, where they are in close proximity to wind turbines, both here and around the world. You also said turbines don’t make any noise Mr. Clarke, that is not the impression I get here, I do not want to be listening to this 24 hours a day.
Sounds like another lie to me Mr. Clarke.
I don’t understand science Mr. Clarke, because what you are telling me the science is, bears no relation to what is happening in the real world, hence the Fiona Crichton study. She is a university student, never went near a wind farm, never spoke to any people affected by wind turbines, subjected some students to 10 minutes of infra sound, others to 10 minutes of sham infra sound, after watching a video on wind farms and then declared that people suffering from wind turbine syndrome are really only suffering from the nocebo effect. You call that science, come on Mr. Clarke. The real science is being undertaken by the EPA at Waterloo.
Perhaps you could answer a question for me, Mr. Clarke. How much are the Ceres mob paying you to run the Heartland ‘hate’ page on your blog?
Reply
David K Clarke says:
April 12, 2013 at 7:51 am
The Callous Wind; My apologies on being under the impression that you were a spokesman for Heartland Farmers. You have much the same attitudes as they do, and of course, since none of you give your real names it is easy to develop the wrong impression.
I have covered most of what you have written elsewhere. You seem to be very selective in the science that you accept, but since you like the EPA you could read this report:
“http://www.epa.sa.gov.au/xstd_files/Noise/Report/infrasound.pdf” “Infrasound levels near windfarms and in other environments” released in January 2013
If I was being paid by any of the wind farm businesses I suspect that some of the antis would have ‘dug up the dirt’ on me by now. They are certainly trying their best.
Reply
The Callous Wind says:
April 13, 2013 at 10:18 pm
Apology accepted Mr. Clarke. I use TCW for several reasons, most of which you would not be aware, if I were to give you my name, you would only vilify me all over the internet, as you have done with Sarah Laurie, Mary Morris, Heartland Farmers and others.
I don’t know what gives you the impression that I like the EPA, quite the opposite actually, if that report was accurate, why are they conducting new tests in Waterloo over the next two months, obviously that report is inconclusive, you know that, why do you keep quoting it. Hopefully they will also get Dr. Alec Salt and Steven Cooper to conduct tests as well.
‘On the grapevine
I heard on the grape vine on 2013/04/11:
A house has very recently been sold at Black Point for around a million dollars – so no indications of a land price crash there;
A local farmer has just bought another farm that is to have turbines built adjacent to it – he is plainly not concerned about the impact of nearby turbines;’
I see your Ceres snitch has been hard at work Mr. Clarke, it is a pity they didn’t give you all of the facts, it makes you and your blog on the Heartland Farmers ‘hate’ page look rather foolish. Not knowing the particular house that was sold, that is a rather ambiguous statement. Most of the newer house and land packages at Black Point are valued up around $1.3 million, so that could represent a 23% loss.
The local farmer who bought the farm, just happens to be a host, he does not live anywhere near there, and he bought the land hoping the turbines he is having on his land will pay for it, unfortunately for him, it is not going to happen, certainly not in the immediate future, anyway. You should check the facts, Mr. Clarke.
‘The other 190 or so people have been very quiet.’
They are the ones that are hitting on the Heartland Farmers ‘hate’ page every day, to see what crap you have been writing about them.
David K Clarke says:
April 14, 2013 at 7:06 am
TCW; I have not vilified Sarah Laurie, Mary Morris, Heartland Farmers. I have pointed out their errors and lies in relation to wind power; I believe that I have every right to do so, even a moral responsibility to do so, considering the harm that they are doing. I suggest you look up the definition of vilify.
You said on 11th April; “The real science is being undertaken by the EPA at Waterloo.” You said on 13th April; “I don’t know what gives you the impression that I like the EPA, quite the opposite actually”. Is that consistent?
The Callous Wind says:
April 19, 2013 at 10:11 pm
Vilify – to speak ill of; defame; slander
Defame – to attack the good name or reputation of, as by uttering or publishing maliciously or falsely anything injurious
You need to get yourself a new dictionary Mr. Clarke, deny it if you will, but that is exactly what you have been doing to Sarah Laurie, Mary Morris and Heartland Farmers, to the extent that defamation proceedings against you, have been considered. You have no right to vilify any of these people, who are putting themselves out there, to be ridiculed by people like yourself, when they are just trying to help other people, who are experiencing problems, which they never ever had before, until wind turbines were placed alongside of their properties. If that is your idea of moral responsibility, well then Mr. Clarke, you are a very sad man.
I see you completely ignored my response to the Ceres snitch’s grapevine information and your response relating to property sales here on Yorke Peninsula. That is fairly typical of people like yourself, when they are challenged. By the way, where is the Ceres snitch, the Heartland Farmers ‘hate’ page has been very quiet lately? While we are talking property values, you put up a convenient graph of property prices in Waterloo. I guess you haven’t heard about the four blocks of land the Council tried to sell in Waterloo, they were offered $1 for one block.
‘You said on 11th April; “The real science is being undertaken by the EPA at Waterloo.” You said on 13th April; “I don’t know what gives you the impression that I like the EPA, quite the opposite actually”. Is that consistent?’
I’m not sure what you are on about there and what consistency has to do with it, Mr. Clarke. I do not not have much time for the EPA and some of their decisions relating to other areas, but they are the responsible authority charged with the testing at Waterloo and they will be held accountable. There is also independent testing being done at the same time.
I thought perhaps I should address another one of your furphy’s, Mr Clarke. You go to great lengths on the Heartland Farmers ‘hate’ page, about aerial spraying. I quote;
‘Heartland Farmers would have us believe that a pilot who can fly safely like this, avoiding Stobie poles, trees, aerials and SWER lines stretching hundreds of metres between poles and only a few millimetres thick, cannot safely go within 3km of a big, conspicuous, wind turbine. Pull the other leg!’
The only leg you are pulling, Mr. Clarke, is your middle one!
I have no doubt there are pilots who can fly between the blades when they are turning, but all of that is totally irrelevant. Aerotech Australia, who are the only aerial spraying contractors for this area, have stated that their safety parameters are 500 meters flying parallel to wind turbines and 3 kilometers flying towards wind turbines. So say what you like Mr. Clarke, you are totally out of your tree on that one.
I think we can challenge most of your other arguments as time goes on, not that it will achieve anything.
I mean, sand dunes at Port Broughton for Christ’s sake, what has that got to do with the Ceres Wind Turbine Project?
Reply
David K Clarke says:
April 20, 2013 at 7:33 am
Had you considered asking why your aerial spraying contractor can’t go closer than 500m when flying parallel to a line of turbines? I can’t imagine any good reason. The sand dunes at Port Broughton point relates to climate change; I would have thought that was obvious. Perhaps you are aware that adopting renewable energy is a way of slowing climate change?
Reply
The Callous Wind says:
April 21, 2013 at 11:30 pm
Mr. Clarke, it is not for us to question how Aerotech Australia run their business. They have planes worth well over a million dollars each, loaded with chemical, the safety of their pilots would be paramount, so they are not going to take unnecessary risks flying close to turbines, because David K. Clarke of Crystal Brook says they should be able to. Besides, there is no information to my knowledge, on the turbulence around wind turbines, which could affect both the safety of the planes and spray drift.
I’m not even going to start on Climate change Mr. Clarke, for every argument promoting it, there is an argument denying it, even the scientists can’t agree. As I have said before, 199 turbines on Yorke Peninsula are going to make very little difference to Climate Change. The farmers burning off their paddocks would probably put more Co2 into the atmosphere in one year, than the Ceres Wind Turbine Project would ever save. I am not saying they can’t be built, they are not going to build them here, there are plenty of areas in marginal country where they can be built. Has anyone actually worked out, how much Co2 is produced in the manufacture, transport and erection of wind turbines and how much power they actually have to produce to negate their own Co2 emissions?
‘”There are plenty of sparsley populated areas in South Australia, not that far from the grid, where wind turbines can be placed.”
Perhaps you should list these on your Net site TCW? I’m sure many in the wind power industry would love to know where they are. I’d love to know! If such sites existed that’s where the wind farmers would go; it would be so much easier than having to deal with people like you.’
I’ll get in first on this one, Mr. Clarke. Try north of Adelaide, south of the proof range, behind the dump, it is close to Adelaide, marginal country, plenty of wind. The top end of the gulf, north west of Port Wakefield, marginal land, plenty of wind, close to the grid. North of Port Augusta, station country, close to the grid. There was even a wind turbine project proposed for Silverton, someone must have thought there was enough wind out there, if so, that means the whole north of the state could have wind turbines.Everyone of those makes more sense than the Ceres Wind Turbine Project, because putting the cable under the sea, is going to cost $100,000,000 more, than building a transmission line around to Halbury, go figure, Mr. Clarke.
Reply
The Callous Wind says:
April 26, 2013 at 10:49 pm
You must be feeling particularly proud of yourself, Mr. Clarke.
http://stopthesethings.com/2013/04/26/the-campaign-of-hate-against-sarah-laurie/#comments
Reply
The Callous Wind says:
April 29, 2013 at 8:52 pm
You seem to have run out of puff, Mr. Clarke, either that, or you have gone into hiding. You should be hiding in shame, after what you have done to Sarah Laurie.
Reply
David K Clarke says:
April 30, 2013 at 6:39 am
I haven’t run out of puff; it was more that I didn’t think you had made any points worth responding to and was otherwise occupied.
Your point about alternative locations are quite reasonable, TCW. I congratulate you on what I believe to be the first point that you have made against my arguments based on reason and truth rather than sarcasm, abuse and lies.
On Sarah Laurie; I know nothing about a campaign of hate, and certainly have not been involved in one. I am not particularly proud of pointing out many of her errors, but someone needed to do it. Dr Laurie is doing a great deal of harm to many people and to the fight against climate change.
Unlike you and the others in Heartland Farmers, who were willing to oppose a $1.3 billion development that will bring in $3 million per year to the local people of Yorke Peninsula rather than question the statement from Aerotech about not flying within 3km of turbines, I did question them. Their Managing Director, Sam McCabe was either unwilling or unable to provide any justification for this statement. (See ramblingsdc.net/Australia/HeartlandFarmers.html#Aerotech).
Finally, I am not surprised to find that you deny climate science. If you had made any effort at all to inform yourself you would have discovered that a huge majority of climate scientists are agreed (see ramblingsdc.net/Australia/Greenhouse.html#What_is_the_science_telling_us)
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6,196 | I was disappointed to find that some people were handing around a petition against the building of the Crystal Brook Wind Farm at a recent working bee. The main objection, it seems, is NIMBY, they didn’t want them ‘all over our hills’. I wrote a new Net page in response. (http://ramblingsdc.net/WhySupportWindPower.html)
Why should we all be supporting wind power? Simply because the results of climate change are almost unimaginatively dire and wind-generated electricity is one way we can quickly and easily cut the CO2 emissions that are largely driving climate change.
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August 3, 2011 Dave Clarke
37 thoughts on “NIMBY strikes at Crystal Brook”
Blair Donaldson says:
August 4, 2011 at 3:13 pm
Your page is excellent Dave, it’s loaded with handy information. Let’s hope the NIMBYs bother to read it – assuming they want to be informed.
Reply
nath says:
August 5, 2011 at 8:09 pm
Why shouldnt locals be able to keep things their way? im appalled at this sort of behaviour from out of towners who think they should be able to tell others how to live.
How about trying to tell your neighbours how to live and see how they like it you weak pricks.
Reply
Blair Donaldson says:
August 14, 2011 at 10:26 am
I doubt any reasonable person would have any problem with locals keeping things “their way” so long as the reasons are based on evidence rather than selfishness or misinformation dolled up as fact.
In any case I’d be interested if you could point to any place in Australia that has remained unchanged? People enjoy their mod cons which frequently require electricity. The “locals” might have some credibility in their opposition to a wind farm if the area was also free of power lines conducting electricity to their properties, generated out of somebody else’s backyard.
Trying to tell a neighbour how to live is very different to windfarm opponents threatening those landholders who wish to host turbines on their property.
Try being a little objective next time Nath.
Reply
addy says:
August 10, 2011 at 12:39 pm
wow what comment to dave and blair I wonder what the response will be as they appear to be blowins?
certainly giving a clear cut message
Reply
Blair Donaldson says:
August 14, 2011 at 10:35 am
Addy, given that many “out-of-towners” didn’t refrain from coming to the area I live in to demonstrate against wind farms, you might want to rethink your statement.
Fortunately common sense prevailed and the windfarm was constructed, it’s now a non-issue now that people see it operating and that all the dire predictions have failed to be realised.
It’s disappointing you and so many other people have allowed themselves to be manipulated by Chicken Little’s running around the countryside spreading lies and disinformation.
No doubt you and your smug climate change denialist buddies believe renewable energy is a waste of time and money but I’m willing to bet anything, you’re on the wrong side of the argument as time will show.
You’re entitled to your own opinions but you’re not entitled to your own facts.
Reply
David Clarke says:
August 10, 2011 at 3:20 pm
Nath, I’m not an ‘out of towner’. What do you think I was doing at the working bee if I wasn’t a local? If built, the Crystal Brook Wind Farm will come within 4 or 5km of my home, and I will welcome it; partly for the greater good, partly because I like the look of wind turbines.
Reply
addy says:
August 10, 2011 at 8:40 pm
ah! the old chestnut “for the greater good”!
Reply
David Clarke says:
August 11, 2011 at 5:37 am
Yes addy. Is it a concept you are unable to understand?
Reply
addy says:
August 11, 2011 at 12:43 pm
this concept is the catch cry of the ill fated Rudd now Gillard gov’t that is seeing them hit all time lows in the polls Dave
Reply
David Clarke says:
August 11, 2011 at 2:35 pm
Addy. I’m not terribly worried about popularity in the polls. I’m more concerned with what is right?, what is ethical?, what needs to be done for the good of the planet?
If you find that difficult to understand, might I suggest reading some philosophy? Peter Singer’s book, ‘How are we to live?’, would be a good place to start.
Reply
addy says:
August 11, 2011 at 3:13 pm
I find it rather strange that the implementation of a complex network of wind turbines would deliver the necessary stategic requirements of bass load energy to enable the up take of power requirements by heavy industry. Such a uniformed approach would create such issues as visual pollution whilst also enhancing the key aspect of health impacts upon neighbouring landholders
Reply
Ben Courtice says:
August 11, 2011 at 3:27 pm
Addy, what health impacts? And visual pollution, really? What about phone towers, transmission lines, land clearing, road building? There is a common double standard where wind turbines are concerned.
As to “bass load energy” we prefer flexible, dispatchable-on-demand power such as that provided by solar thermal power plants with heat storage. Wind power, being much cheaper (at this early stage) is a very practical complement to such a flexible power source. And we hope that geothermal power will soon get to the stage where it is able to play some role as well, as a dispatchable-on-demand power supply. But solar thermal is capable of doing the job and it’s definitely available now.
Reply
David Clarke says:
August 11, 2011 at 5:44 pm
Addy. The fact that wind power is only available when the wind blows means that no power grid could run on wind power alone. So what? As Ben pointed out, solar thermal is capable of providing power on demand. All power stations stop at times due to routine maintenance or breakdowns; the system copes, it is set up to cope. Pumped hydro is another way of balancing generation with demand.
If you are interested in the health impacts I suggest you read the piece that Dr Sarah Edelman, who’s a clinical psychologist, wrote in the comments to the Four Corners program. You can read it at “http://ramblingsdc.net/Australia/WindHealth.html#Opinion_from_clinical_psychologist”.
Would you rather look at a coal-fired power station or nuclear power station than a wind farm? Or would you prefer to go without electricity?
Reply
addy says:
August 12, 2011 at 7:35 pm
very poor agruments Ben and Dave, to say would you prefer to look at ………….. what a complete take on such an issue
Wind energy appears to be caught in a vortex of pressures that is slowly destroying its integrity
and families are only to well aware of increasing power bills to stabilise this industry
Reply
Blair Donaldson says:
August 14, 2011 at 10:39 am
Just keep on believing your own unfounded justifications Addy, just don’t be surprised when you’re carefully nurtured fictions unravel.
There is plenty of evidence and research to show that increasing power bills are primarily due to the need to upgrade infrastructure because of a lack of investment over recent decades.
But of course you would know that if you had bothered to learn anything about the subject.
Reply
Alex Grew says:
August 12, 2011 at 10:07 pm
Addy, don’t try the increased power bills line around here. The LRET, which supports the development of large scale renewables (wind for now), is costing you and me just 0.15 cents per kWh. That’s not even 1% of your energy bill. By 2020 that’ll increase to about 1c. Not much to create 9000+ jobs (more than the domestic coal industry) and kickstart our transition to a safe climate. Alan Jones and the Australian might be able to fool Joe Public, but you are not fooling anyone here.
Reply
peter masters says:
August 16, 2011 at 10:39 am
Whos going to pay for gillards “clean energy future” ? would that be the taxpayers? so yes it does and will add further to the costs of electricity.
The simple fact that if we are going to deploy renewables means that there is a greater mix of production and therefore much more capital outlay that has to be payed for.
The price of electricity is not the only factor, it is the cost of the generating infrastructure which companies will want to recoup.
Lets not be simplistic here, private enterprise is about profit and the renewables industries are always crying out for greater assistance in way of pricing mechanisms to make them more profitable, prices will not be coming down anytime soon.
Reply
Ben Courtice says:
August 16, 2011 at 11:20 am
Beyond Zero Emissions’ plan for zero emissions electricity (including no more gas heating, electrified public transport etc) costs $37bn per year for ten years. That’s a huge amount of moolah, right? But over 30 years conservative estimates of increases in oil, gas and carbon tax costs would actually have their plan coming out cheaper than business as usual, because it plans to rapidly phase out oil and gas use, in particular. That’s without factoring in costs of random climate-related disasters, too, I believe.
Reply
russtafarian says:
August 23, 2011 at 8:29 am
The self important Dave Clarke has not reproduced Dr Edelmans 4 Corners Anxiety comment piece in its original form, so for him to refer to its reproduction on his ramblings site is rather misleading.
Dr Edelman made some revealing edits. Perhaps Dave Clarke (or Dr Edelmans) could tell us why if he is ‘more concerned with what is right… what is ethical’. See the link for Dr Edelmans original article, without her subsequent self censoring. http://www2b.abc.net.au/tmb/Client/Message.aspx?b=37&t=1&ps=50&dm=1&pd=2&am=14899#m14899
Reply
Dave Clarke says:
August 24, 2011 at 5:12 pm
Russtafarian. I repeat what I wrote when you made this same comment on another thread. Dr Edelman’s original post, on the Four Corners site, referred to a post by Prof. Wittert, also on the Four Corners site. That post by Wittert was not on my page, so readers whould not have known to what Dr Edelman was referring.
She disagreed with a statement that Prof. Wittert wrote. So what?
No conspiricy involved I’m afraid. Sorry to disapoint you.
Reply
Pingback: The J Edgar Hoover of Crystal Brook – STOP THESE THINGS
chris says:
March 24, 2013 at 7:41 am
the same david that opposed a cell site nimby!!!!!!
Reply
David K Clarke says:
March 27, 2013 at 8:04 am
In response to Stop These Things; what I wrote to the council was “I believe the antennas would be better placed outside Crystal Brook, perhaps on top of Cemetery Hill, because that would provide a better coverage of the district and tall towers do not improve the appearance of a town.” Mr Stop These Things (who lacks the courage to use his own name), I think you’ll have to do better than that if you want to dig up dirt on me. http://ramblingsdc.net/Australia/stopthesethings.html
What is NIMBYism about?; ramblingsdc.net/Australia/WindProblems.html#NIMBY
Reply
The Callous Wind says:
April 5, 2013 at 10:08 pm
The game is up Mr. Clarke, you can’t have it all your own way, it seems your ‘NIMBY, ‘truth’ and ‘ethics’, all have different meanings to every one else’s view of them. A NIMBY is a NIMBY whether it is related to wind turbines, or mobile phone towers and no matter how many excuses you come up with, you are a NIMBY. I don’t know what your problem is, mobile phone towers don’t emit any noise or infra sound, unlike wind turbines seem to do, as we are finding out more and more every day.
http://stopthesethings.com/2013/03/24/cape-bridgewater-sonia/
http://stopthesethings.com/2013/04/04/cape-bridgwater-melissa-and-rikki/
As I have said before, you and your blog have no credibility whatsoever.
Reply
Dave Clarke says:
April 6, 2013 at 6:38 am
I have dealt with your pathetic personal attack at ramblings/Australia/HeartlandFarmers.html#Facts_win_arguments_not_personal_attacks, it is not worth any more attention than that.
On that same page I have pointed out many of your lies. In return you have not provided any evidence in support of your false claims; all you can manage is an ad hominem attack. Heartland Farmers cannot provide any honest arguments showing that their predictions of disaster to the local grain industry will follow building of the Ceres wind farm. On the other hand, if the world does not move away from burning fossil fuels toward renewable energy, such as the Ceres wind farm, the grain industry on Yorke Peninsula will definitely suffer.
In regard to your links to Stop These Things:
1. Sonia’s situation is sad, she is obviously suffering. But, while I am certainly not an expert on psychology or health, it seems to me to be a classic case of psychogenic illness brought on by fear and anxiety (see http://psycnet.apa.org/psycinfo/2013-07740-001/ by Fiona Crichton et. al.)
2. Melissa and Rikki. They were recorded sitting in their home speaking and at the same time measuring sound levels. During these segments no sound from the turbines could be heard at all, yet Melissa was reading up to 68 to 79dBc and attributing it to the wind turbines. If these levels of sound were coming from the turbines they would have been clearly audible on the video recording. I don’t know what Melissa’s sound level meter was reading, perhaps it was the breeze blowing over the microphone, possibly low frequency sound from the breeze blowing around the house, but it seems impossible that it had anything to do with the wind turbines.
I have recorded sound levels within 100m of wind turbines many times. Under wind conditions of anything less than a gale I have not recorded higher sound levels than about 55dB
Reply
The Callous Wind says:
April 8, 2013 at 4:51 am
It seems that it is perfectly acceptable for Mr. Clarke to call people liars, NIMBY’s, unethical, hypocrites, anything you like, in various locations on the internet, but if anyone including myself, questions Mr. Clarke’s integrity, it is a pathetic personal attack. It seems Mr. Clarke is easily offended, well then, maybe the internet isn’t the place for him to air his views.
Mr. Clarke has chosen to denigrate everyone involved in the opposition of the Ceres Wind Turbine Project for reasons only known to himself. This is not opposition to wind turbines, this is opposition to where they are being placed, they must not be put in prime agricultural land and right alongside numerous coastal communities where a few thousand people live and come for recreation. It is also opposition against the violation of people’s basic human rights. This project was the brain child of three people, the community has never been consulted, the proponents then managed to get 36 property owners on side by offering them buckets full of money. These projects must not impact on their neighbours, this project is going to have huge impacts on it’s neighbours, which immediately makes it non compliant with all of the planning rules. The District Council has opposed this development, because of the totally incompetent development submissions the proponents presented and nearly the whole community opposes it.
Not only that, at the few meetings that the developers did hold, they treated the community with absolute contempt, that is why we are opposing this development. Now if Mr. Clarke has a problem with this, then that is his prerogative, but quite frankly, it is none of his business, he has not acquainted himself with the facts and he doesn’t even live here.
He also has the audacity to insult people like Sonia Twist, Rikki , Melissa who appear in the videos above and many who others around the country who are having genuine problems living near turbines, dismissing their problems as the nocebo effect. He quotes the Fiona Crichton study, which has been dismissed by STT for the the sham that it is.
Mr. Clarke then wonders why we question his credibility, well, I am sorry Mr. Clarke, as your title suggests, the NIMBY has struck at Crystal Brook.
Reply
David K Clarke says:
April 8, 2013 at 5:59 am
The Callous Wind; I certainly did not intend to insult Sonia Twist, Rikki or Melissa. I don’t believe that I did insult them. Perhaps you should read what I wrote again.
Fiona Crichton’s study was published in a peer-reviewed science journal. If you think that the fact that someone on STT dismissed it has any significance you don’t understand science.
You have written a number of unsubstantiated claims about how the Ceres wind farm will harm the grain industry and the people of Yorke Peninsula. I have provided arguments and evidence showing, I believe, the fallacies in your claims. So long as you are unable or unwilling to provide evidence that there is any factual basis to your claims I will continue to call them lies. (http://bit.ly/13UaBjo)
Why do you not address my arguments TCW? I suggest it is because you cannot.
Reply
The Callous Wind says:
April 11, 2013 at 10:38 pm
Mr. Clarke, for some reason or other, you seem to think I am the voice of Heartland Farmers, while I am an active member of Heartland Farmers, I am by no means their representative, they are doing very well on their own and the views I state are mine alone. I have my own reasons for opposing the Ceres Project, as do all of the members of Heartland Farmers Group, where we have come together for a common cause.
As for addressing your arguments, that would be a total waste of time, because whatever is said, you would contradict it and call it lies, I don’t have the time and it would achieve nothing, we are concentrating on the DAC and the Government, where it counts. We are now finding out on a daily basis, that it is not us telling the lies, but people like you Mr. Clarke, are the ones telling the lies. There are reports coming in every day of people suffering from sleep deprivation and many other problems, where they are in close proximity to wind turbines, both here and around the world. You also said turbines don’t make any noise Mr. Clarke, that is not the impression I get here, I do not want to be listening to this 24 hours a day.
Sounds like another lie to me Mr. Clarke.
I don’t understand science Mr. Clarke, because what you are telling me the science is, bears no relation to what is happening in the real world, hence the Fiona Crichton study. She is a university student, never went near a wind farm, never spoke to any people affected by wind turbines, subjected some students to 10 minutes of infra sound, others to 10 minutes of sham infra sound, after watching a video on wind farms and then declared that people suffering from wind turbine syndrome are really only suffering from the nocebo effect. You call that science, come on Mr. Clarke. The real science is being undertaken by the EPA at Waterloo.
Perhaps you could answer a question for me, Mr. Clarke. How much are the Ceres mob paying you to run the Heartland ‘hate’ page on your blog?
Reply
David K Clarke says:
April 12, 2013 at 7:51 am
The Callous Wind; My apologies on being under the impression that you were a spokesman for Heartland Farmers. You have much the same attitudes as they do, and of course, since none of you give your real names it is easy to develop the wrong impression.
I have covered most of what you have written elsewhere. You seem to be very selective in the science that you accept, but since you like the EPA you could read this report:
“http://www.epa.sa.gov.au/xstd_files/Noise/Report/infrasound.pdf” “Infrasound levels near windfarms and in other environments” released in January 2013
If I was being paid by any of the wind farm businesses I suspect that some of the antis would have ‘dug up the dirt’ on me by now. They are certainly trying their best.
Reply
The Callous Wind says:
April 13, 2013 at 10:18 pm
Apology accepted Mr. Clarke. I use TCW for several reasons, most of which you would not be aware, if I were to give you my name, you would only vilify me all over the internet, as you have done with Sarah Laurie, Mary Morris, Heartland Farmers and others.
I don’t know what gives you the impression that I like the EPA, quite the opposite actually, if that report was accurate, why are they conducting new tests in Waterloo over the next two months, obviously that report is inconclusive, you know that, why do you keep quoting it. Hopefully they will also get Dr. Alec Salt and Steven Cooper to conduct tests as well.
‘On the grapevine
I heard on the grape vine on 2013/04/11:
A house has very recently been sold at Black Point for around a million dollars – so no indications of a land price crash there;
A local farmer has just bought another farm that is to have turbines built adjacent to it – he is plainly not concerned about the impact of nearby turbines;’
I see your Ceres snitch has been hard at work Mr. Clarke, it is a pity they didn’t give you all of the facts, it makes you and your blog on the Heartland Farmers ‘hate’ page look rather foolish. Not knowing the particular house that was sold, that is a rather ambiguous statement. Most of the newer house and land packages at Black Point are valued up around $1.3 million, so that could represent a 23% loss.
The local farmer who bought the farm, just happens to be a host, he does not live anywhere near there, and he bought the land hoping the turbines he is having on his land will pay for it, unfortunately for him, it is not going to happen, certainly not in the immediate future, anyway. You should check the facts, Mr. Clarke.
‘The other 190 or so people have been very quiet.’
They are the ones that are hitting on the Heartland Farmers ‘hate’ page every day, to see what crap you have been writing about them.
David K Clarke says:
April 14, 2013 at 7:06 am
TCW; I have not vilified Sarah Laurie, Mary Morris, Heartland Farmers. I have pointed out their errors and lies in relation to wind power; I believe that I have every right to do so, even a moral responsibility to do so, considering the harm that they are doing. I suggest you look up the definition of vilify.
You said on 11th April; “The real science is being undertaken by the EPA at Waterloo.” You said on 13th April; “I don’t know what gives you the impression that I like the EPA, quite the opposite actually”. Is that consistent?
The Callous Wind says:
April 19, 2013 at 10:11 pm
Vilify – to speak ill of; defame; slander
Defame – to attack the good name or reputation of, as by uttering or publishing maliciously or falsely anything injurious
You need to get yourself a new dictionary Mr. Clarke, deny it if you will, but that is exactly what you have been doing to Sarah Laurie, Mary Morris and Heartland Farmers, to the extent that defamation proceedings against you, have been considered. You have no right to vilify any of these people, who are putting themselves out there, to be ridiculed by people like yourself, when they are just trying to help other people, who are experiencing problems, which they never ever had before, until wind turbines were placed alongside of their properties. If that is your idea of moral responsibility, well then Mr. Clarke, you are a very sad man.
I see you completely ignored my response to the Ceres snitch’s grapevine information and your response relating to property sales here on Yorke Peninsula. That is fairly typical of people like yourself, when they are challenged. By the way, where is the Ceres snitch, the Heartland Farmers ‘hate’ page has been very quiet lately? While we are talking property values, you put up a convenient graph of property prices in Waterloo. I guess you haven’t heard about the four blocks of land the Council tried to sell in Waterloo, they were offered $1 for one block.
‘You said on 11th April; “The real science is being undertaken by the EPA at Waterloo.” You said on 13th April; “I don’t know what gives you the impression that I like the EPA, quite the opposite actually”. Is that consistent?’
I’m not sure what you are on about there and what consistency has to do with it, Mr. Clarke. I do not not have much time for the EPA and some of their decisions relating to other areas, but they are the responsible authority charged with the testing at Waterloo and they will be held accountable. There is also independent testing being done at the same time.
I thought perhaps I should address another one of your furphy’s, Mr Clarke. You go to great lengths on the Heartland Farmers ‘hate’ page, about aerial spraying. I quote;
‘Heartland Farmers would have us believe that a pilot who can fly safely like this, avoiding Stobie poles, trees, aerials and SWER lines stretching hundreds of metres between poles and only a few millimetres thick, cannot safely go within 3km of a big, conspicuous, wind turbine. Pull the other leg!’
The only leg you are pulling, Mr. Clarke, is your middle one!
I have no doubt there are pilots who can fly between the blades when they are turning, but all of that is totally irrelevant. Aerotech Australia, who are the only aerial spraying contractors for this area, have stated that their safety parameters are 500 meters flying parallel to wind turbines and 3 kilometers flying towards wind turbines. So say what you like Mr. Clarke, you are totally out of your tree on that one.
I think we can challenge most of your other arguments as time goes on, not that it will achieve anything.
I mean, sand dunes at Port Broughton for Christ’s sake, what has that got to do with the Ceres Wind Turbine Project?
Reply
David K Clarke says:
April 20, 2013 at 7:33 am
Had you considered asking why your aerial spraying contractor can’t go closer than 500m when flying parallel to a line of turbines? I can’t imagine any good reason. The sand dunes at Port Broughton point relates to climate change; I would have thought that was obvious. Perhaps you are aware that adopting renewable energy is a way of slowing climate change?
Reply
The Callous Wind says:
April 21, 2013 at 11:30 pm
Mr. Clarke, it is not for us to question how Aerotech Australia run their business. They have planes worth well over a million dollars each, loaded with chemical, the safety of their pilots would be paramount, so they are not going to take unnecessary risks flying close to turbines, because David K. Clarke of Crystal Brook says they should be able to. Besides, there is no information to my knowledge, on the turbulence around wind turbines, which could affect both the safety of the planes and spray drift.
I’m not even going to start on Climate change Mr. Clarke, for every argument promoting it, there is an argument denying it, even the scientists can’t agree. As I have said before, 199 turbines on Yorke Peninsula are going to make very little difference to Climate Change. The farmers burning off their paddocks would probably put more Co2 into the atmosphere in one year, than the Ceres Wind Turbine Project would ever save. I am not saying they can’t be built, they are not going to build them here, there are plenty of areas in marginal country where they can be built. Has anyone actually worked out, how much Co2 is produced in the manufacture, transport and erection of wind turbines and how much power they actually have to produce to negate their own Co2 emissions?
‘”There are plenty of sparsley populated areas in South Australia, not that far from the grid, where wind turbines can be placed.”
Perhaps you should list these on your Net site TCW? I’m sure many in the wind power industry would love to know where they are. I’d love to know! If such sites existed that’s where the wind farmers would go; it would be so much easier than having to deal with people like you.’
I’ll get in first on this one, Mr. Clarke. Try north of Adelaide, south of the proof range, behind the dump, it is close to Adelaide, marginal country, plenty of wind. The top end of the gulf, north west of Port Wakefield, marginal land, plenty of wind, close to the grid. North of Port Augusta, station country, close to the grid. There was even a wind turbine project proposed for Silverton, someone must have thought there was enough wind out there, if so, that means the whole north of the state could have wind turbines.Everyone of those makes more sense than the Ceres Wind Turbine Project, because putting the cable under the sea, is going to cost $100,000,000 more, than building a transmission line around to Halbury, go figure, Mr. Clarke.
Reply
The Callous Wind says:
April 26, 2013 at 10:49 pm
You must be feeling particularly proud of yourself, Mr. Clarke.
http://stopthesethings.com/2013/04/26/the-campaign-of-hate-against-sarah-laurie/#comments
Reply
The Callous Wind says:
April 29, 2013 at 8:52 pm
You seem to have run out of puff, Mr. Clarke, either that, or you have gone into hiding. You should be hiding in shame, after what you have done to Sarah Laurie.
Reply
David K Clarke says:
April 30, 2013 at 6:39 am
I haven’t run out of puff; it was more that I didn’t think you had made any points worth responding to and was otherwise occupied.
Your point about alternative locations are quite reasonable, TCW. I congratulate you on what I believe to be the first point that you have made against my arguments based on reason and truth rather than sarcasm, abuse and lies.
On Sarah Laurie; I know nothing about a campaign of hate, and certainly have not been involved in one. I am not particularly proud of pointing out many of her errors, but someone needed to do it. Dr Laurie is doing a great deal of harm to many people and to the fight against climate change.
Unlike you and the others in Heartland Farmers, who were willing to oppose a $1.3 billion development that will bring in $3 million per year to the local people of Yorke Peninsula rather than question the statement from Aerotech about not flying within 3km of turbines, I did question them. Their Managing Director, Sam McCabe was either unwilling or unable to provide any justification for this statement. (See ramblingsdc.net/Australia/HeartlandFarmers.html#Aerotech).
Finally, I am not surprised to find that you deny climate science. If you had made any effort at all to inform yourself you would have discovered that a huge majority of climate scientists are agreed (see ramblingsdc.net/Australia/Greenhouse.html#What_is_the_science_telling_us)
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6,197 | Yi-Hsuan Chen, London based Taiwanese flautist, graduated from the Royal Academy of Music with First Class Honours….Read More
She is currently studying at the Alexander Technique Training School to become an Alexander Technique practitioner.
Infution
INFUSION is a transnational musical journey spanning three continents, curated and performed by Taiwanese flautist Yi-Hsuan Chen featuring special guests Fabricio Mattos (Creative director & Guitarist) and Joseph Havlat (Pianist), and culminating in a world premiere by Brazilian composer Lucas F. Jordan. Performed at the St. Pancras Clock Tower in London.
Sylva Winds
Yi-Hsuan is one of the founding members of Sylva Winds, a wind ensemble comprised of current and graduated students founded in 2018.
The video below is Sylva Winds performing Martin Butler’s Down Hollow Winds as part of Marés Series at the Embassy of Brazil in London. | {
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6,198 | Discover our training experience and improve your e-commerce to loyalize your customers and increase your sales. view our courses
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< Back to blog
WooCommerce TutorialsHow to create different membership plans or levels using WooCommerce
February 22, 2016 1 comment
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As we have seen in previous articles, WooCommerce offers great potential which allows you to sell products in many different ways.
I have shown you how to sell images by creating a credits based subscription on your e-commerce store and how add a donation service where customers themselves chose the value of the products they are buying, in previous articles.
I have also shown you how to create a learning course, but what if we want to create different types of courses? And maybe link them together?
For instance let’s say I want to sell a writing course to my customers, but since this is such a broad topic, I have decided to divide this course into three levels:
A Base Course: Which is about the basics of writing for different targets: novels, journalism and advertisement.
An Advanced Course: It contains the basics of writing, journalism writing for websites and copy writing.
A Complete Course: It contains the basics and the advanced content, plus advanced copy writing with interviews to the big names of this field
Once all the content is created, you want to be able to sell these three courses, adding three specific features to them:
Each course has a monthly cost and lasts three months.
Each course has a higher cost than previous one.
Each course contains its own materials plus the content of the other lesser courses.
So, to make things clear, in case customers buys the Complete Course they will pay a slightly higher amount and they are going to get access to the content included in the other two courses as well, saving a lot of money on the total amount of the three courses together (which will incentivize customers to buy the most expensive of the three levels, raising the average transaction value on your store)
How can you set up this sales system on your WooCommerce based store then? Well, by using the WooCommerce Membership and the WooCommerce Subscription plugins.
Let’s see how.
Required Plugins
WooCommerce Membership
WooCommerce Subscription
Plugin Settings – WooCommerce Subscription
The first thing you should do is to create the courses you wish to sell. To do this, you should use the WooCommerce Subscription plugin.
Once the plugin is installed and activated, create the first course, just like you would with any other item in your website, by going to WooCommerce > Products. In this case, I have named mine “Basic course – Writing”.
In the product creation page, lower down, you find the WooCommerce Subscription options.
You need to check the Virtual box (implying this is a virtual product that doesn’t need shipping) and Subscription.
Lower down you see the subscription settings. My base course costs 50£ per month, however, you are free to set your price of choice.
Regular price – £50 (The price of each subscription renewal).
Price is per – 1 month (The amount of time before the automatic renewal occurs. I have set it to 1 month since my course has a monthly cost. It could also be weekly, bimonthly, annual…).
Max Lenght – 3 (Shows how many times the subscription is going to automatically renew, leave it to 0 keep it renewing for an indefinite amount of times).
Once your product is ready to be put on display, let’s create its content.
Create your own lessons
We can do this two ways:
By creating posts that will contain the lessons and the downloadable materials, which will be visible only by those who purchased the related course.
By creating products (both physical and digital) that will be given to customers once they have purchased the related course.
In this tutorial we are going to use the posting method, but it is a very similar process in both cases.
The first thing we need to do is creating three different categories of posts, one for each level of your course. This one is not a mandatory step, but it is highly recommended, especially if you are willing to offer many different lessons in your courses.
Let’s go to Post > Categories and create three categories. The image below shows the first one, they are all done using the same procedure.
Once your three categories are created, let’s create the related posts. You decide how many posts and lessons there will be. Remember to add each lesson to its corresponding course category.
Once this step is completed for each article, you should then have a list of lessons, each one in its own category. Assuming there will be 5 specific lessons in each course, then you will have:
5 articles in the “Basic Course” category
5 articles in the “Advanced Course” category
5 articles in the “Complete Course” category
Now let’s create our courses and arrange them as follows:
Basic Course – 5 articles
Advanced Course – 10 articles (5 + 5 from the Basic Course)
Complete Course – 15 articles (5 + 10 from the Advanced Course)
Plugin Settings – WooCommerce Membership
Let’s go to Membership > Add Plan and create a membership plan for each of our three courses. Starting from the Basic Course:
Lower down you will find two tabs: Items in Plan e Settings.
The first one is used to set which products and/or articles are going to belong into the membership plan. These settings also allow you to add a single object or the whole category it belongs into (which is why I suggest you create categories, which speeds up the whole process).
Let’s add the previously created Basic Course category which contains our articles.
Now explore the second tab in this page called Settings and select the product through which your membership is going to be put on sale.
Set the same duration we have entered in the Subscription tab (3 months – 90 days) and your basic course is ready to be distributed.
So what else needs to be done in order to create the two more advanced courses?
Well, all you need is one extra step.
You need to create the Advanced Course and then link it to the corresponding category:
After this, go to the Setting tab and add the “Basic Course” membership plan we have previously created to the Linked Plans list.
By doing this, the Advanced Course is going to contain its own specific materials plus all that belongs into the lesser course. Now, enter the selling item for this course in the Select membership product section.
Follow the same steps for the Complete Course and you are set!
Two final endpoints before concluding this tutorial:
If you wish for the content of your course to be released gradually – the first part right away, the second part after a month and the third one after two months – you need to go back to its specific post and click Set access in the upper right corner, which will allow you to include your article into a membership plan (which you have actually already done by including its whole category) and we can set a given amount of days of delay before this content is made available
Finally, I recommend you allow a credit card payment option on your store, so that customer that will buy your courses will be able to benefit of several ways of performing their payment.
It might seem like a small detail, but considering that only 14% of the the worldwide customer base for online services uses PayPal as their default payment system, it would be a good idea to offer alternative ways of payment in order to avoid losing customers.
Posted by Andrea Presenti in WooCommerce Tutorials. - Last update on 2017-04-05
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6,199 | Since taijiquan is an internal qigong martial style, correct posture is essential. Incorrect postures can cause many problems: a tight posture can stagnate the internal qi circulation, wrong postures may expose your vital points to attack, and floating shoulders and elbows will break the jing and reduce jing storage.
Tai Chi for Women
Helen Liang
November 18, 2016
Tai chi originated in China as a martial art, and has been known for centuries as a mind-body practice that brings practitioners fitness, health, and wellness.
Analysis of Taijiquan Techniques
Dr. Yang, Jwing-Ming
August 22, 2016
It is important to understand how martial sequences are created and what purposes they serve. Sometimes people who lack this understanding tend to view the taijiquan sequence as a dance or abstract movement. A proper understanding of the root of the art will help you practice in the most effective way.
Reflections on Taijiquan—A Complex Art
Dr. Yang, Jwing-Ming
June 6, 2016
One of the best decisions I ever made in my life is to learn Taijiquan. It is one thing that has always brought me great happiness. I cannot deny how much health I have gained, how balanced my mind has become, and how deeply I have pondered life since I began training it at 16 years old. Taijiquan enabled me to not only live a healthy life, but also a calm and peaceful one.
Some Remarks About Sparring
Dr. Yang, Jwing-Ming
April 18, 2016
Taijiquan is an internal style of Chinese martial arts. All Chinese martial styles, after a thousand years of practice and experience, understand that in order to have an effective way of fighting, they must acquire the four skills of kicking, striking, wrestling, and Qin Na.
Tai Chi Sword Techniques Dr. Yang, Jwing-Ming - April 4, 2016
Generally speaking, due to geographical differences, northern Chinese martial artists have developed techniques, which emphasize long and middle range fighting, while southern martial artists focus on firm root, and specialize in short and middle range fighting. Sword techniques, which emerged, therefore differed according to this developmental influence.
Key Points in Taiji Pushing Hands Dr. Yang, Jwing-Ming - March 21, 2016
Almost every Chinese martial style, both external and internal, has its own hand-matching training similar to Taiji's pushing hands. In southern external styles it is commonly called Qiao Shou (Bridge Hands) or Pan Shou (Coiling Hands), while in northern external styles it is called Da Shou (Folding Hands) or Dui Shou (Opposite Hands.)
Tai Chi 48-Form Movements Helen Liang - February 29, 2016
The Tai Chi 48-form is traditionally taught divided into six sections, so you may focus on adding a small number of movements to your overall form gradually. The first section stresses basic hand and foot movements and the essential Peng, Lu, Ji, An (Ward Off, Rollback, Press, and Push).
Tai Chi 24-Form Movements Helen Liang - February 19, 2016
These are the movements of the official Tai Chi 24-form, which is often referred to as the "Simplified" form. This list and the video included show this traditional form as it was originally intended to be performed correctly.
Celebrating Chinese New Year, the Year of the Monkey Dr. Aihan Kuhn, CMD, OBT - February 8, 2016
For thousands of years, celebrating the New Year in China is always the biggest event of the whole year. During the lunar New Year celebration, every family makes the best food, wears their best clothes, and shoes, and keeps up their best spirit and mood. Family and friends get together to enjoy eating, laughing, chatting, and friendship. Another very important element of the celebration: fire crackers.
Discover the Tai Chi 48 Form Helen Liang - February 1, 2016
The Tai Chi 48-movement form is ideal for those interested experiencing in the true essence of tai chi chuan, because it combines powerful techniques from all styles into a sequence embodying the spirit of relaxation and softness with circular, continuous movements. There are over 250 million people worldwide that practice tai chi daily for health benefits.
FULL 30 DAY TRIAL GUARANTEE
If you are not satisfied for any reason, just email us to make arrangements for your return, and you will receive a quick and hassle-free refund. | {
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