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Scytinotus longinquus is a saprotrophic fungus in the family Porotheleaceae, known for its delicate, pink to grey fruiting bodies. It grows on decaying wood in temperate forests and is distributed across the Southern Hemisphere and parts of North America. Taxonomy The species was first described as Agaricus longinquus by Miles Joseph Berkeley in 1847. It has since undergone several taxonomic revisions, including placements in the genera Panellus and Pleurotopsis. In 2012, it was reclassified into the genus Scytinotus. Description The fruiting bodies of S. longinquus are small and delicate, with caps ranging from 30 to 50 mm in width. The coloration varies from grey to pink as the mushroom ages. Its gelatinous texture suggests an adaptation to moist environments, which are characteristic of its native habitats. The stipe is short and stout, with a velvety to fibrillose surface. The pileus is cream to pale orange-brown, typically growing on the underside of decaying logs. The gills are decurrent, translucent, and widely spaced. Spores are white, smooth, and amyloid, measuring approximately 6.5–9.4 × 3.3–4.5 µm. The spore print is dingy yellowish-cream. Habitat and distribution Scytinotus longinquus is found in temperate forests, growing on decaying wood. It has been recorded in New Zealand, Australia, Chile, Argentina, and parts of North America including British Columbia and Minnesota. In New Zealand, it is considered indigenous but not endemic. Ecology As a saprotrophic fungus, S. longinquus plays a role in decomposing dead wood, contributing to nutrient cycling in forest ecosystems. References Category:Porotheleaceae Category:Fungi of New Zealand Category:Fungi of Australia Category:Fungi of South America Category:Fungi of North America Category:Taxa named by Miles Joseph Berkeley
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wobbling and eventually, collapsing, 7 November, 1940, filmed by Barney Elliot. The cause has been attributed to wind conditions causing torsional instability of the bridge. Torsional instability is a mechanical phenomenon where a structural element subjected to twisting (Torsion (mechanics) Examples The Dee Bridge disaster Mitigation strategies A way to reduce the chance of torsional instability is by making cross-sections stiffer. This can be done by choosing shapes that naturally resist twisting, like hollow tubes or cross-shaped sections, instead of shapes like flat plates, which twist more easily. Stiffer cross-sections provide more resistance to the twisting force and help the structure remain stable. Another way is by implementing braces, which are structural components that provide extra stability and strength to a building or structure. For example, twisting a scaffold is harder than twisting a ladder because the scaffold has braces that resist twisting, making it much stiffer and more stable than the ladder. Similarly, bracing systems in a building distribute forces and provide resistance against torsion. In addition to modifying the shape and bracing, engineers can use materials to make structures stronger and lighter at the same time. These materials include composites like carbon fiber or hybrid materials that are better at resisting twisting forces than traditional steel or concrete. For example, bridges or buildings made with these materials can carry heavy loads and resist twisting without becoming overly bulky or heavy. Engineers also rely on mathematical models and computer simulations to predict how a structure will respond to torsional forces under different conditions, such as strong winds, earthquakes, or heavy traffic. These digital tools allow engineers to analyze and optimize their designs before construction begins, ensuring the structure can handle these forces while still being safe, functional, and cost-efficient. See also * Torsion (mechanics) * Buckling * Elastic instability * Shear modulus * Polar moment of inertia References Further reading * * *
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structure can handle these forces while still being safe, functional, and cost-efficient. See also * Torsion (mechanics) * Buckling * Elastic instability * Shear modulus * Polar moment of inertia References Further reading * * * * * * * Category:Mechanical engineering Category:Elasticity (physics)
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During the second presidency of Donald Trump, cryptocurrency was promoted by Trump and his administration, which took a series of crypto-friendly actions and decisions. His administration appointed crypto-friendly regulators, reduced crypto regulation and dropped investigations into crypto firms and crypto crime. In Second presidency of Donald Trump *Create U.S. cryptocurrency stockpile. Created by executive order, the U.S. began both Bitcoin and digital asset stockpiles. Industry political donations The cryptocurrency industry poured money into both sides of the 2024 election, becoming the largest corporate donor with $238million more than the oil, gas, and pharmaceutical lobbies. The crypto industry gave $18million to the Trump inauguration, money Trump was free to spend as he wished. In May 2025, The Economist described cryptocurrency'sembrace of Trump as "turning it into something of a partisan cause" and derailing the bipartisan GENIUS Act due to Democratic concerns over Trump'sconflicts of interest and influence-peddling with cryptocurrency companies. Policy actions Decreased regulation In February in a sharp reversal of policy, the Security and Exchange Commission (SEC) under Trump announced a new Crypto Task Force to handle regulation as it dropped lawsuits or dismissed charges against Justin Sun, Coinbase, Kraken (cryptocurrency exchange) In April, Trump disbanded the US Department of Justice U.S. stockpile In January by executive order, Trump created a Working Group on digital assets and promised to make the U.S. the “crypto capital of the planet.” On March 2 following a crypto sell-off, Trump started a $300billion global rally in cryptocurrency when he named five types on Truth Social that the US stockpile would hold: Ripple (XRP), Solana (SOL) and Cardano (ADA); and later Bitcoin (BTC) and Ethereum (ETH). On March 6 by executive order, Trump established the Strategic Bitcoin Reserve and
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the U.S. Digital Asset Stockpile. He held a Crypto Summit at the White House the following day, inviting leaders in the field to discuss the government-owned crypto stockpile. The industry was disappointed that taxpayer funds wouldn't be used to
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and the U.S. Digital Asset Stockpile. He held a Crypto Summit at the White House the following day, inviting leaders in the field to discuss the government-owned crypto stockpile. The industry was disappointed that taxpayer funds wouldn't be used to purchase crypto, and the market dropped sharply following the order. * as ''Bloomberg News * He pardoned BitMEX, the first presidential pardon of a corporation. Axios (website) The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) under Trump filed to dismiss its lawsuit against Coinbase which had charged Coinbase was "Operating as an Unregistered Securities Exchange, Broker, and Clearing Agency". The SEC requested a 60-day pause in its lawsuit against Binance that alleged mishandling of funds and securities law violations. The SEC asked that the case against Trump associate and crypto billionaire Justin Sun be put on hold. The SEC said it would not exercise any regulatory authority over Meme coin Ayanna Pressley Conflicts of interest The Trump Organization announced in January that all of the president'sbusiness was transferred to a trust and daily operations to his children. The family retained William A. Burck, global co-chair of Quinn Emanuel Urquhart & Sullivan, as ethics advisor. The president has limited access to his company'sfinances and will not enter into deals with foreign governments. He will donate to the U.S. Treasury all profits from foreign patronage of his hotels and other businesses. World Liberty Financial Through an umbrella company, Trump and some of his family members own 60 percent of the holding company that owns World Liberty Financial, a cryptocurrency and decentralized finance firm founded in 2024, with the native digital tokens $WLFI. After deductions, the Trumps receive 75 percent of the proceeds from the sale of these tokens. World Liberty Financial created its stablecoin USD1 in March 2025. In May, a firm in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates, said it would use USD1 to make a $2 billion investment in crypto exchange Binance, The Trumps will
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these tokens. World Liberty Financial created its stablecoin USD1 in March 2025. In May, a firm in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates, said it would use USD1 to make a $2 billion investment in crypto exchange Binance, The Trumps will make tens of millions of dollars each year on this deal. He directly benefited from his cryptocurrency company World Liberty Financial which engaged in an unprecedented mixing of private enterprise and government policy. It directly solicited access to Trump with secret payments and currency swaps from foreign investors, companies, and individuals with criminal records and investigations. At least one investigation was dropped after payment worth several million was made to the firm, and Trump granted an official pardon to an investor of a company World Liberty had invested in. Trump'sfamily received a cut of all transactions made through the World Liberty, and the company directly advertised its connections to Trump. Several actions taken by Trump'sadministration regarding cryptocurrency were noted to bolster the company'sassets and position. A spokeswoman for Trump stated that since his assets were in a trust managed by his children, there were "no conflicts of interest". $Trump memecoin In January 2025, Trump launched the $Trump meme coin, earning between $86–100million in trading fees in two weeks. Peaking at $75.35 the day before inauguration, the coin'svalue then declined. Creating a contest, Trump invited the top coin holders to a private dinner to be held on May 22, bringing the coin'svalue back up 70 percent and the total in circulation to $2.4billion. By April, fees collected by entities affiliated with the Trump Organization whose stake is 80 percent The Campaign Legal Center director of ethics said “criminal conflicts of interest statutes don’tapply to the president” and that the contest is most likely legal. On January 17, 2025, Trump launched, promoted, and personally benefited from a cryptocurrency memecoin, $Trump, that soared to a market valuation of over $5 billion within a few hours a
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to the president” and that the contest is most likely legal. On January 17, 2025, Trump launched, promoted, and personally benefited from a cryptocurrency memecoin, $Trump, that soared to a market valuation of over $5 billion within a few hours a total $27 billion diluted value through a Trump-owned company called CIC Digital LLC, which owned 80 percent of the coin'ssupply. Within two days, the $Trump coin became the 19th most valuable form of cryptocurrency in the world, with a total trading value of nearly $13 billion, and a total of $29 billion worth of trades based on a $64 value of each of the 200 million tokens issued by the afternoon of January 19. The New York Times reported that Trump affiliates controlled an additional 800 million tokens that, hypothetically, could be worth over $51 billion, potentially making Trump one of the richest people in the world. Trump also launched a new memecoin named after his wife, $Melania, and promoted it on Truth Social shortly before attending an inauguration rally. The crypto venture was criticized by ethics experts and government watchdogs. The venture and the possibility of foreign governments buying the coin was highlighted as possibly violating the Constitution'sforeign emoluments clause. References Category:Cryptocurrency in the United States Category:Business career of Donald Trump Category:Meme coins Category:Second presidency of Donald Trump
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The Charnwood terrane is one of five inferred fault bounded terranes that make up the basement rocks of the southern United Kingdom. The other notable geological terranes in the region are the Wrekin terrane, Fenland terrane, Cymru terrane and the Monian Composite terrane. The Charnwood terrane is bounded to the west by the Malvern lineament and to the east by the Midlands Microcraton. The geological terrane to the west is the Wrekin Terrane, whilst to the east is Fenland Terrane. This also means that it spans across two Ediacaran assemblages, with the Blackbrook Group and part of the lower Maplewell Group sitting within the Avalon assemblage, whilst the rest of the Maplewell Group sits within the White Sea assemblage. Charnwood Forest The Charnwood Forest hold the most complete and exposed outcrops within the Charnian Supergroup, covering an area of 66 km. There is more than 3.5 km of volcaniclastic strata within the area, alongside units up to 74 mthick of matrix-supported volcaniclastic breccia, which would have been deposited in an unstable deep-marine basin. The Blackbrook Group within the forest has been dated to or older, with the lowest possible date of , whilst the Maplewell Group and been dated from to , with the upper-most possible date of . Bradgatia Caldecote Volcanic Formatiom The Caldecote Volcanic Formation, or the Nuneaton quarries near Nuneaton, covers a small area of around 2.8 km, and is less than 100 m (328 ft) at its thickest. It is composed of large coarse-grained to crystal-lithic tuffs, alongside finer grained tuffs. There is also a north-south striking length of Diorite Malvern Hills The Malvern Hills lies directly on the boundary between the Wrekin and Charnwood terranes. As for the Charnwood side, the hills is dominated by the Malvern Plutonic Complex, which has been dated to , with in some parts has been affected by garnet–amphibolite metamorphism, dated at , alongside and injection
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A Retracker (also sometimes referred to as a pseudotracker) is a technology for optimizing BitTorrent traffic exchange within local area networks (LANs). A retracker enables direct BitTorrent protocol connections between subscribers of the same Internet Service Provider (ISP) (or multiple ISPs with local traffic exchange agreements), where each subscriber uses an internal (local) IP address. Technically, a retracker is a very simple BitTorrent tracker, typically anonymous, operating within the address space of an ISP's Local area network For a BitTorrent client to take advantage of a retracker, the retracker'sannounce URL must be added to the torrent'slist of announce URLs. Some trackers do this automatically, adding the addresses of authorized retrackers based on an analysis of the user's IP address. In other cases, users have to add the retracker'sannounce URL to .torrent files themselves or by using special programs called torrent patchers. Some ISPs (see below) attempt to install transparent proxy server It is important not to confuse retrackers with regular local trackers for LANs. A retracker does not aim to facilitate the exchange of .torrent files, organize them, enable searching, etc. A retracker serves exclusively as a means to increase data exchange speed between peers. Retracker support is only possible in Multitracker History of Retrackers On August 24, 2007, the idea of a retracker was described and implemented by a subscriber under the pseudonym unxed on the Corbina Telecom network (Saint Petersburg). On September 21, 2007, the administration of the tracker rutracker.org came forward with a similar initiative. However, the rutracker.org administration was highly critical of attempts by local network users to organize their own retrackers and proposed its own centralized installation of retrackers on ISP technical platforms. The first retracker from rutracker.org began operating in the peering space of the TiERA home network in Saint Petersburg on February 5, 2008. The rutracker.org approach did not satisfy users whose ISPs were unwilling to officially install retrackers. Therefore, as an alternative
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retracker from rutracker.org began operating in the peering space of the TiERA home network in Saint Petersburg on February 5, 2008. The rutracker.org approach did not satisfy users whose ISPs were unwilling to officially install retrackers. Therefore, as an alternative to "official provider" retrackers, a system of local retrackers (Re-Tracker.ru, created by an initiative group known by the nicks FreeM@N (Dmitry) and Shift (Stanislav)) was launched in September 2008, again on the Corbina Telecom network in Saint Petersburg by users of that network. From October 2008, a similar system began operating in the Moscow network of Corbina Telecom, covering almost the entire city'slocal network. Subsequently, the administration of the rutracker.org tracker abandoned the practice of adding individual retracker addresses based on the client's IP range. Instead, the address #retracker.local The retracker.local address is not supported in all local networks and, furthermore, does not work if the user uses DNS servers other than their ISP's. Therefore, the problem of creating user-run retrackers in local networks remains relevant. System of Local (User-Run) Retrackers The system of local retrackers works as follows: a .torrent file downloaded by a user is intercepted by the Torrent Patcher program, after which the modified file is passed to a torrent client, such as µTorrent. During Patch (computing) After this, the torrent client makes requests to the trackers and to the local retrackers. After a request to a local retracker, it receives a list of local peers, enabling data transfer via the BitTorrent protocol at the speed of the ISP'slocal network. The local retrackers themselves are usually set up by enthusiast users. If the network where a local retracker is installed uses dual addressing (i.e., a subscriber receives two IP addresses a public one and an internal network one), the retracker must operate on the network interface with the internal network address. Otherwise, each retracker user would need to configure a static route so that traffic to the retracker
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two IP addresses a public one and an internal network one), the retracker must operate on the network interface with the internal network address. Otherwise, each retracker user would need to configure a static route so that traffic to the retracker goes through the local interface otherwise, the retracker'sadvantages would be nullified. Advantages Advantages of creating retrackers on subscriber computers (as opposed to retrackers installed on the ISP'splatform): * Independence from both tracker administrations and ISP administrations. Consequently: ** Ability to use the benefits of retrackers in networks where official retrackers are absent. ** Ability for retrackers to work with any internet trackers (not just those with which the ISP "agrees"). Disadvantages Disadvantages of this approach: * Users are forced to add retracker addresses to torrents manually or install specialized torrent patchers. * In the event of a simultaneous failure of all user-run retrackers (which is, of course, highly unlikely), the system will cease to function, and subscribers' BitTorrent clients will generate meaningless traffic. Support for Retrackers via the retracker.local Address The original implementation of the retracker idea was published on March 10, 2009, on the nag.ru website. The essence is to automatically add an address like http://retracker.local/ to all torrents, either on the tracker side or on the BitTorrent client side. Thus, each ISP can independently specify the address of its retracker server through its DNS server settings (and if the ISP does not have a retracker server, user-run retrackers can be used by editing the hosts file). Since September 18, 2009, the popular tracker rutracker.org has been adding http://retracker.local to torrents for Russian IP addresses. Advantages * In most cases, users do not need to perform additional actions, apply special settings, or install additional programs. * Trackers do not need to maintain IP range databases or expend resources on processing torrents. * No problems when an ISP changes its external addresses (it is sufficient
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to perform additional actions, apply special settings, or install additional programs. * Trackers do not need to maintain IP range databases or expend resources on processing torrents. * No problems when an ISP changes its external addresses (it is sufficient to change the DNS record for retracker.local). Disadvantages * Using the .local TLD conflicts with Zeroconf services mDNS (e.g., Avahi (software) * If a subscriber uses third-party DNS servers (OpenDNS, Google Public DNS, etc.) instead of the ISP's DNS servers, they will need to manually specify the retracker's IP address in their Hosts (file) Other Solutions for Local BitTorrent Traffic Exchange BEP 22 A proposal for a BitTorrent protocol extension for automatic discovery of local trackers was published on bittorrent.org. The popular BitTorrent client µTorrent supports this protocol extension by enabling the isp.bep22 option in the "Advanced" section of the settings window. In the latest version as of 2011-10-14 (version 3.0.25756), this option is enabled by default. To check if this technology is supported in your network: * Determine the hostname assigned to you by your ISP (e.g., using this service). For example, let it be 12-34-56-78.clients.provider.org * Type in the command line: `nslookup -q srv _bittorrent-tracker._tcp.clients.provider.org` or `nslookup -q srv _bittorrent-tracker._tcp.provider.org` (replace the "tail" of the string with your hostname). If you receive an error message, the technology is not supported. Ozerki.net ISP Solution The Saint Petersburg ISP Ozerki.net (later acquired by the operator Summa Telecom as part of the operator Severen-Home, which operated under the brand Tsifra) used its own technology for adding a
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retracker address to .torrent files. According to a network administrator'smessage, traffic from torrent trackers was redirected using the Firewall (computing) SmartHome ISP Solution On November 13, 2009, the Saint Petersburg ISP SmartHome announced the launch of its implementation for intercepting and adding a retracker address, publishing a full description of the technology on the nag.ru forum, and
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(computing) SmartHome ISP Solution On November 13, 2009, the Saint Petersburg ISP SmartHome announced the launch of its implementation for intercepting and adding a retracker address, publishing a full description of the technology on the nag.ru forum, and also announced support for the isp.bep22 extension in its local network. Local Peer Discovery The "Local Peer Discovery" feature, present in the BitTorrent client µTorrent since version 1.7 build 1065 (released April 5, 2007), provides capabilities similar to using retrackers. Since this function uses multicast packets, which are blocked by most ISPs to protect against Computer virus IPv6 The transition to IPv6 Interesting facts * The popular BitTorrent client µTorrent has a built-in anonymous tracker that can be used as a retracker. It can be enabled in the "Settings" menu, under "Advanced," by setting "bt.enable_tracker" to true. The tracker address will be http://your_IP:uTorrent_port/announce See also * Multitracker Notes External links * Pseudotracker a free retracker implementation in PHP. * pCache P2P traffic caching system Category:BitTorrent tracker
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Comparative suffering is a psychological phenomenon in which individuals evaluate the legitimacy or significance of their own suffering by comparing it to the suffering of others. This tendency can lead people to either minimize their own pain or invalidate others’ experiences based on perceived differences in severity. Comparative suffering is discussed across disciplines including psychology, moral philosophy, religion, and mental health, with both historical and contemporary relevance. Psychological and moral basis The concept of comparative suffering has deep psychological and moral roots. One framework for understanding this is the comparative suffering hypothesis, which posits that revenge becomes emotionally satisfying when it restores a balance of suffering between the victim and the offender. This hypothesis suggests that observing the offender'ssuffering regardless of its cause should suffice to satisfy the desire for revenge. However, empirical evidence challenges this idea. Studies indicate that victims experience greater satisfaction when they personally administer punishment, particularly when the offender understands the reason for their suffering. Merely witnessing an offender suffer due to fate or unrelated circumstances does not produce the same emotional reward. This moral reasoning can explain why individuals feel satisfaction not only from retribution but from emotional equilibrium achieved when one’spain is acknowledged through symbolic or actual justice. While these comparisons may offer insight into common patterns of oppression and resilience across societies, they can also spark controversy, particularly when they are perceived to diminish the gravity of specific historical tragedies. The ethical implications of comparing suffering between groups continue to be debated in both academic and public discourse. Impact on mental health In modern psychological contexts, comparative suffering can have significant negative effects on mental health. Individuals who engage in it often downplay their own pain, feeling guilty or ashamed for experiencing distress when others “have it worse.” This mindset can lead to emotional suppression, reduced self-compassion, and a distorted sense of personal validity. Psychologist Reaghan Beaver describes this tendency as well-intentioned but ultimately
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own pain, feeling guilty or ashamed for experiencing distress when others “have it worse.” This mindset can lead to emotional suppression, reduced self-compassion, and a distorted sense of personal validity. Psychologist Reaghan Beaver describes this tendency as well-intentioned but ultimately damaging. The attempt to gain perspective through comparison frequently results in shame, emotional disconnection, and a reluctance to express vulnerability. Instead of fostering gratitude, it suppresses empathy both for oneself and others. This effect is particularly evident during periods of collective crisis, such as the COVID-19 pandemic. Many individuals dismissed their struggles as insignificant relative to others’ suffering, internalizing guilt for their distress. Yet such ranking of pain does not promote resilience; it undermines emotional health by invalidating legitimate experiences. Overcoming comparative suffering Mental health professionals emphasize the importance of validating all suffering, regardless of perceived severity. Recognizing that emotions are not a competition is key to emotional healing. As Tim Challies writes, loss and grief are inherently painful, whether due to the death of a loved one or the loss of a job. Ranking grief does not comfort it alienates. Similarly, social media trends that promote comparative suffering such as memes trivializing “first world problems” can lead to dismissal of genuine emotional pain. Charlie Brown criticizes these trends for silencing people who fear their struggles will be seen as invalid. He argues that all pain deserves acknowledgment and empathy. Sheryl Lisa Finn explores how even children internalize comparative suffering when their emotions are invalidated. A child'sdistress over a lost balloon may seem trivial to adults, but dismissing it teaches children to repress legitimate feelings. Finn encourages honoring all forms of pain as a path to healing and developing empathy. Criticism Scholars and commentators argue that comparative suffering often serves to invalidate legitimate grief. By ranking grief or hardship, people may either downplay their own sorrow or diminish others’. This can result in harmful social and emotional outcomes, particularly in contexts of
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and commentators argue that comparative suffering often serves to invalidate legitimate grief. By ranking grief or hardship, people may either downplay their own sorrow or diminish others’. This can result in harmful social and emotional outcomes, particularly in contexts of bereavement, trauma, or emotional distress. Critics advocate for a more inclusive understanding of grief that honors all forms of loss without hierarchical judgments. The widespread popularity of comparative suffering as a discourse especially on social media has also been condemned as a trend that silences emotional expression and discourages vulnerability. Critics contend that all suffering is valid and deserves acknowledgment, irrespective of its relative severity. See also * Self-compassion * Emotional validation * Empathy * Toxic positivity * Suffering * Psychological resilience * Gaslighting * Mindfulness * Backdraft (psychology) References Category:Psychological concepts Category:Emotions Category:Mental health Category:Empathy Category:Social psychology Category:Interpersonal relationships
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Marta Volonteri (born 1974) is an Italian astrophysicist known for her research on the formation and evolution of the supermassive black holes at the centers of galaxies. She is a director of research for the French National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS), affiliated with the Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris, and (by special appointment) Professor of Black Hole Formation and Growth at the University of Amsterdam. Education and career Volonteri was a student at the University of Milan, where she earned a laurea in physics (then the equivalent of a master'sdegree) in 1999, and completed a Ph.D. in 2003. After postdoctoral research positions at the University of California, Santa Cruz from 2002 to 2004, and at the Institute of Astronomy, Cambridge from 2004 to 2006, she joined the University of Michigan as an assistant professor in 2007, and was tenured there as an associate professor in 2010. In 2012 she moved to her present position as a director of research for the CNRS. She was named as Professor of Black Hole Formation and Growth, by special appointment, at the University of Amsterdam in 2019. Recognition Volonteri received the CNRS Silver Medal in 2022, "for her studies of massive black holes located at the center of galaxies using numerical simulations". She was also the 2022 recipient of the Émilie du Châtelet#Legacy Selected publications * * * * * *; corrigendum, 2019, References External links *Home page Category:1974 births Category:Living people Category:Italian astrophysicists Category:Italian women astrophysicists Category:University of Milan alumni Category:Research directors of the French National Centre for Scientific Research
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composed of nanospheres. Nanospheres are a type or class of nanostructure consisting of a solid core and matrix made from a polymeric material both organic and inorganic are common. They are not necessarily spherical in shape. In a nanoengineering context, they are generally divided into two categories: magnetic nanospherers and immune nanospheres, and can range from 10 to 200 Nanometre Structure Magnetic nanospheres are mostly inorganic and can be manipulated easily using a magnetic field. For their mass, they have very high surface area and Saturation (magnetic) Immune nanospheres are designed to induce an immune response both adaptive and innate by delivering specific nucleotides, such as CpG oligodeoxynucleotide, to the body. They may be designed to have enhanced dispersity and solubility. In nature Nanospheres are found in the natural world, such as in the amelogenin proteins found in Tooth enamel References Bibliography * * * * * * * Category:Nanotechnology
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Gumtree.com.au is an Australian online-Classified advertising#Developments History The Gumtree brand originated in London in 2000 and was acquired by eBay in May2005 during the auction company'sglobal push into local classified advertising. Gumtree's Australian version went live two years later, providing a digital-only rival to Fairfax Media’sprint-centred ''Trading Post (newspaper) In 2020, eBay moved to divest its global classifieds businesses. Gumtree Australia was bundled with CarsGuide and Autotrader.com.au (both acquired earlier that year from Cox Automotive) and sold to Adevinta in June2021. Adevinta soon began off-loading non-core assets and, in August 2022, agreed to sell Gumtree Australia, together with CarsGuide and Autotrader, to The Market Herald, a Perth-listed media company. Business model Gumtree operates as a horizontally organised, marketplace supported by optional paid upgrade. Automotive remains the second-largest category after "home & garden", a strategic focus reinforced by the integration of CarsGuide’seditorial reviews and Autotrader’sdealer-first tools. References Category:Australian companies established in 2007 Category:Australian websites Category:Online marketplaces of Australia Category:Internet properties established in 2007
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InventWood is a materials science company founded by Liangbing Hu of the University of Maryland. The company plans to mass-produce wood that'sstronger than steel for the construction industry. InventWood raised $15 million in its Series A round led by the Grantham Foundation with participation from Baruch Future Ventures, Builders Vision, and Muus Climate Partners. Liangbing Hu compresses cellulose until the fibers bond and then uses lignin to hold the cellulose in place. Superwood can be made using almost any kind of wood, including bamboo. Superwood has a 50% greater tensile strength than steel, and a strength-to-weight ratio that is 10 times better than steel. References Category:2016 establishments in Maryland See also *Pulp and paper industry in the United States Category:Timber industry Category:Agricultural economics Category:Low-carbon economy Category:Sustainable technologies Category:Resource economics Category:Wood products
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C/2014 B1 (Schwartz) is a distant List of hyperbolic comets Observational history Discovery American astronomer, Michael B. Schwartz, discovered the comet in the early evening of 28 January 2014 using an astrograph from the Tenagra Observatory near Nogales, Arizona. At the time of discovery, it was about from the Sun. Subsequent observations from several other observatories across the world confirmed its cometary nature on 29 January. Follow-up observations The comet reached perihelion on September 2017, reaching its maximum recorded brightness as a 15th-magnitude object. In 2021, the comet was already from Earth and was observed near the galaxy PGC 48046, where it was expected to remain brighter than magnitude 20.0 until 2023 at the earliest. Physical characteristics Observations from the NEOWISE mission revealed that due to the comet'slarge perihelion distance, which is too cold for water ice to sublimate, cometary activity in this object is mostly driven by carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide gases. This phenomenon is also observed from other comets with similarly distant perihelia, like C/2010 U3 and C/2017 K2. It is noted that from ground observations, the comet had a morphologically stable discus-shaped coma (comet) Initial estimates of the size of its comet nucleus Spectral and polarimetric observations of the comet from the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory (SAO) reveal the color of the jet structures is much redder than that of the ambient coma, and the nucleus itself also has a reddish color. References External links * * C/2014 B1 at Seiichi Yoshida'swebsite Category:Non-periodic comets Category:Hyperbolic comets Category:Comets in 2014 Category:Comets in 2017 Category:Comets in 2021 Category:Discoveries by Michael B. Schwartz
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The Anu ziggurat is a ziggurat in the city of Uruk. The single massive terrace makes up the area traditionally called the Anu district. It was originally proposed to have been dedicated to the Sumerian sky god Anu. Sometime in the Uruk III period (3100–2900 BC) the massive White Temple was built atop the ziggurat. Under the northwest edge of the ziggurat an Uruk VI period structure, the Stone Temple, has been discovered. It is often assumed that the so-called "White Temple," which dates back to the Uruk IV period (3500–3100 BCE) was Anu'soriginal cult center, and it is even sometimes referred to as the "Anu ziggurat" in modern literature. However, there is no evidence that Anu was actually worshipped in this structure. With a height of 13 metres, it overtook the Tower of Jericho as the History of the world'stallest structures The Stone Temple was built of limestone and bitumen on a podium of rammed earth and plastered with lime mortar. The podium itself was built over a woven reed mat called ''Giparu The Anu ziggurat began with a massive mound topped by a cella during the Uruk period (c. 4000BC), and was expanded through 14 phases of construction. These phases have been labeled L to A₃ (L is sometimes called X). The earliest phase used architectural features similar to PPNA cultures in Anatolia: a single chamber cella with a terrazzo floor beneath which bucrania were found. In phase E, corresponding to the Uruk III period (c. 3200–3000BC), the White Temple was built. The White Temple could be seen from a great distance across the plain of Sumer, as it was elevated 21m and covered in gypsum plaster which reflected sunlight like a mirror. In addition to this temple the Anu ziggurat had a monumental limestone-paved staircase and a trough running parallel to the staircase was used to drain the ziggurat. References Bibliography * Category:Ziggurats Category:Buildings
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sunlight like a mirror. In addition to this temple the Anu ziggurat had a monumental limestone-paved staircase and a trough running parallel to the staircase was used to drain the ziggurat. References Bibliography * Category:Ziggurats Category:Buildings and structures in Iraq
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Eli Rotenberg is an American physicist. He works at the Advanced Light Source (ALS) synchrotron, and was named a fellow of the American Physical Society in recognition of his work in photoemission spectroscopy. Career Rotenberg studied at Cornell University, and obtained a BS in 1987. He conducted his PhD studies at the University of California, Berkeley, and graduated in 1993 with a thesis entitled "The Relationship Between Structure and Core-Level Shifts in Thin Epitaxial Films of CaF2 and SrF2 on Si(111)". His thesis advisor was Marjorie Olmstead. Rotenberg then moved to the University of Oregon for postdoctoral work. In 1996, he became a staff scientist at ALS at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, where he has continued to work as of 2025. beamline. Awards and honors * 2001 Peter Mark Memorial Award of the American Vacuum Society for "furthering our knowledge of nanophase and reduced dimensionality systems by creative use of angle-resolved photoemission." * 2008 Fellow of the American Physical Society for "outstanding contributions to the understanding of quantum electronic properties of nanophase and reduced dimensionality systems by creative applications of angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy." * 2010 Vacuum Ultraviolet and X-ray Physics Prize * Davisson–Germer Prize with Stephen Kevan "For the development of angle resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) leading to groundbreaking surface science." References External links *Homepage of the ALS Category:University of California, Berkeley alumni Category:Fellows of the American Physical Society Category:American condensed matter physicists Category:Year of birth missing (living people) Category:Living people Category:20th-century American physicists Category:21st-century American physicists Category:Cornell University alumni
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Elena Hassinger (born 1982) is a Germans Career Hassinger studied physics at the University of Heidelberg, and graduated with a Diplom (German degree similar to a Masters) in 2007. She then did graduate studies in the group of Jacques Flouquet at the University of Grenoble and French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission. She was awarded a PhD in 2010 with a thesis entitled "Competition of ground states in URu2Si2 and UCoGe". She then moved to Canada, and worked as a postdoc in the group of Louis Taillefer at the Université de Sherbrooke until 2014. In 2016, she was appointed to a tenure-track professorship for “Quantum Materials - Experimental Solid State Physics” at the Technische Universität München In 2022, she was appointed to a new professorship, as the Chair of Low Temperature Physics of Complex Electron Systems at the Institute of Solid State and Materials Physics at TU Dresden. Since 2023, she has been a sub-project leader for the topic “Transport properties of itinerant frustrated and topological magnets” at the Collaborative Research Center SFB 1143 on “Correlated Magnetism: From Frustration to Topology”. In 2023, Hassinger was awarded a €2.7 million European Research Council References External links * Homepage at TU Dresden * Max Planck Research Group PUMAS Category:21st-century physicists Category:Academic_staff_of_TU_Dresden Category:1982 births Category:Condensed matter physicists Category:Superconductivity scientists and engineers Category:German women physicists
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Xuezhikang () is a traditional Chinese medicine formulation used for the treatment of hyperlipidemia and cardiovascular diseases. It is a partially purified extract of red yeast rice and contains a mixture of naturally occurring statins, including monacolin K, which is chemically identical to lovastatin. In clinical practice, xuezhikang is often considered a "natural polypill" due to its diverse lipid-lowering and cardiovascular protective components. Composition Xuezhikang is a modern therapeutic agent derived from red yeast rice, a traditional Chinese food and medicinal product made by fermenting rice with Monascus purpureus yeast. It was developed to retain a complex mixture of bioactive components including at least 13 types of monacolins, unsaturated fatty acids, ergosterol, flavonoids, alkaloids, amino acids, and trace elements. Each 1,200mg capsule typically contains around 10mg of monacolin K. This complex composition is believed to contribute to its multi-targeted pharmacological effects. This combination contributes to its characterization as a "natural polypill", potentially offering multiple cardiovascular benefits through synergistic mechanisms. History and traditional uses The use of red yeast rice in China dates back over two millennia. During fermentation, Monascus purpureus produces a variety of bioactive compounds, including a family of Polyketide References Category:Traditional Chinese medicine Category:Herbal and fungal stimulants Category:Cardiology Category:Drugs acting on the cardiovascular system Category:Phytochemicals Category:Alternative medicine Category:Medicinal plants Category:Botanical drugs Category:Health in China Category:Traditional Chinese medicine pills
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Volker Springel is a German astrophysicist. He is Director of Computational Astrophysics at the Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics in Garching. Springel earned a degree in Physics from the University of Tübingen in 1996 and completed his PhD at Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich in 1999. He won the Leibniz Prize the following year. References External links * Volker Springel publications indexed by Google Scholar Category:Living people Category:German astrophysicists Category:Computational physicists Category:University of Tübingen alumni Category:Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich alumni Category:Year of birth missing (living people) Category:Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Prize winners
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Pascale Launois is a French crystallography She is president of the French Neutronics Society (Société Française de la Neutronique). Education and career After earlier student work in theoretical physics, Launois turned to experimental studies. She earned a Ph.D. in physics in 1987 through the Laboratoire Léon Brillouin at Paris-Saclay University; her thesis concerned Superstructure (condensed matter)#Incommensurate cases She joined CNRS in 1988, and has been affiliated with the Laboratoire de Physique des Solides since 1993. Her early work continued the study of incommensurable phases and quasicrystals, through X-ray scattering techniques; her interests shifted to the study of carbon nanotubes in the early 2000s. Launois was very active in promoting science to the public through the International Year of Crystallography, in 2014. She was elected president of the French Neutronics Society in 2024. Recognition Launois was a recipient of the CNRS Bronze Medal in 1991. The magazine La Recherche gave her their Prix de la Recherche, for her research with Philippe Poulin and Cécile Zakri on carbon nanotubes. She was the 2024 recipient of the André Guinier Prize of the French Crystallographic Association. References Category:Year of birth missing (living people) Category:Living people Category:French physicists Category:French women physicists Category:Crystallographers Category:Research directors of the French National Centre for Scientific Research
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Ryan Cooke is an Australian physicist. He is Professor of Physics at the Durham University Department of Physics. He was awarded the 2025 Gruber Prize in Cosmology jointly with Max Pettini, his former PhD supervisor. They received the award for work improving the Big Bang nucleosynthesis model through precise measurements of the deuterium-to-hydrogen ratio using data collected on quasars. References Category:Living people Category:Australian physicists Category:Academics of Durham University Category:Year of birth missing (living people) Category:Physical cosmology
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Wikipedia:Ryan Cooke
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The Data Analysis and Real World Interrogation Network (DARWIN EU) is a European Union (EU) initiative coordinated by the European Medicines Agency (EMA) to generate and utilize real world evidence (RWE) to support the evaluation and supervision of medicines across the EU. The project aims to enhance decision-making in regulatory processes by drawing on anonymized data from routine healthcare settings. Overview DARWIN EU was officially launched in 2022 as part of the EMA'sbroader strategy to harness big data for public health benefits. The network facilitates access to real-world data from a wide array of sources, including electronic health records, disease registries, hospital databases, and biobanks. These data are standardized using the OMOP (Observational Medical Outcomes Partnership) common data model to ensure interoperability and comparability across datasets. Objectives The key goals of DARWIN EU include: * Supporting the EMA and national regulatory agencies in conducting non-interventional studies. Significance DARWIN EU plays a crucial role in the EU'sregulatory ecosystem by integrating real-world data into evidence-based healthcare policymaking. It is instrumental in advancing personalized medicine, pharmacovigilance, and pandemic preparedness through timely, data-driven insights. See also * European Medicines Agency (EMA) * Real world evidence * European Health Data Space References Category:Big data products Category:Medical statistics Category:Artificial intelligence by year Category:Health Resources and Services Administration Category:Global health
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Marianne Kathe Korten is an Argentine-German mathematician who works in the United States as a professor of mathematics at Kansas State University. Her research expertise concerns partial differential equations and particularly free boundary problems. Education and career Korten is a dual citizen of Argentina and Germany. After a licenciatura at the University of Buenos Aires in Argentina, Korten completed her Ph.D. there in 1993. Her doctoral dissertation, Soluciones generalizadas, localmente integrables, de la ecuación u_t (u-1)_+, was supervised by Julio E. Bouillet. She continued at the University of Buenos Aires as a teaching and research associate until 1998. After visiting Johns Hopkins University in the US, Marie and Louis Pasteur University in France, and the University of Louisville in the US, she became an assistant professor of mathematics at Kansas State University in 2000. At that time, and for several years following, she was the only female faculty member in the department. She was promoted to associate professor in 2006, and to full professor in 2009. At Kansas State University, Korten has organized an annual research conference, the Prairie Analysis Seminar, since 2003. She has directed the SuMAR Math Research Experience for Undergraduates since 2010 and the Center for the Integration of Undergraduate, Graduate, and Postdoctoral Research since 2013. Recognition Kansas State University gave Korten their K-State Women of Distinction Award in 2013, and the Commerce Bank and W.T. Kemper Foundation Presidential Faculty and Staff Award for Distinguished Services to Historically Under-Represented Minority Students in 2022. Korten was named a Fellow of the Association for Women in Mathematics, in the 2025 class of fellows, "for her deep commitment to diversity and access in mathematics, supporting the diverse personal lives of mathematicians as students and faculty, helping us achieve success through AWM forums, online mentoring, regional advocacy, and summer research programs". References External links *Home page * Category:Year of birth missing (living people) Category:Living people Category:Argentine mathematicians Category:Argentine women mathematicians Category:German mathematicians Category:German
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and faculty, helping us achieve success through AWM forums, online mentoring, regional advocacy, and summer research programs". References External links *Home page * Category:Year of birth missing (living people) Category:Living people Category:Argentine mathematicians Category:Argentine women mathematicians Category:German mathematicians Category:German women mathematicians Category:University of Buenos Aires alumni Category:Kansas State University faculty Category:Fellows of the Association for Women in Mathematics
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In electrochemistry, conductivity cell is crucial for measuring the solution'selectrical conductivity. The concentration and ion mobility of solution in chemistry are related to conductivity of that solution. The conductive cells are useful for determining the ionic strength and the purity of solutions. Conductivity cells are designed to work in variety of situations and measurement kinds. Conductivity cells come in variety of forms, including low and high conductivity cell types. In many cases the cells with cylindrical electrode typologies or parallel plate layouts are used. It is also used to make sure that the electrode and solution are in contact so enough that they can flawlessly conduct electricity. For accurate readings, temperature compensation is essential, since conductivity is sensitive to temperature variations. A resistance thermometer is embedded within the sample cell to detect the temperature. This reading is used to automatically adjust the measurement circuit, typically by modifying the zero level or the amplification range, so the output reflects only changes in chemical concentration and not temperature shifts. The system is calibrated using standard solutions of known conductivity at a reference temperature. Once calibrated, the unit continuously measures conductance in-line without the need for manual sampling. The output can be fed to a recorder or control system, giving real-time feedback on concentration changes in a process stream. The mechanism for temperature compensation is driven by a potentiometric adjustment linked to the recorder, ensuring that as temperature changes are detected, they immediately adjust the baseline of the conductance reading. Mathematical measurement # Conductivity cell: The cell constant is a characteristic of a conductivity cell, defined by the geometry of the electrodes and the distance between them. It is calculated using the formula: K L/A 2. Conductivity is determined by the product of the conductance and the cell constant: G * K [ G conductance and K cell constant] 3. Conductance is the reciprocal of resistance. It is the direct
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K L/A 2. Conductivity is determined by the product of the conductance and the cell constant: G * K [ G conductance and K cell constant] 3. Conductance is the reciprocal of resistance. It is the direct measurement of the strength (or ability) of an solution to conduct electricity: G 1/R 4. Calibration method: To determine the cell constant, a standard solution with known conductivity is used. Measure the resistance of this solution with the conductivity cell, then calculate the cell constant-: K *R References Category:Electrolytic cells Category:Electrolytes Category:Electrochemistry Category:Engineering
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S9632 (FEMA 4774) is a food additive which acts as a positive allosteric modulator of the TAS1R2/TAS1R3 heterodimer that is the primary sweet taste receptor in humans. It is described as a flavour modifier, having little taste of its own but causing sweet flavours to taste sweeter and enhancing certain aspects of the flavour profile. It was approved for use in food in 2012 and is used in various countries including the United States, Japan, South Korea, and Mexico. See also * S6821 * Miraculin References Category:Food additives Category:Taste modifiers Category:Isopropylamino compounds Category:Carboxamides Category:Quinolines Category:Carboxylic acids Category:Amines
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Scott Martin Croom is Professor of Astrophysics at the University of Sydney. Croom completed his PhD at Durham University in 1997. Following a postdoc at Imperial College London, he moved to Australia in 2000 to work at the Anglo-Australian Observatory, and joined the University of Sydney in 2006. In 2024, he was first author of a study that revealed age as the 'driving force' in determining how stars move within galaxies. Notes References External links *Scott Croom publications indexed by Google Scholar Category:Living people Category:Australian astrophysicists Category:Alumni of Durham University Category:People associated with Imperial College London Category:21st-century physicists Category:Year of birth missing (living people)
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Evelyn Parker was a resident of Newbury, Berkshire, England who supported the women at the Greenham Common Women's Peace Camp, which was a protest against American nuclear-armed cruise missiles being based at RAF Greenham Common. The camp lasted from 1981 to 2000. Support to the Greenham Common protest At the end of 1979 the people of Newbury were told that the cruise missiles would be based at RAF Greenham Common. The British Secretary of State for Defence, Frances Pym, spoke at a public meeting to reassure the people of the town that it would be safe. Parker joined the Newbury Campaign Against Cruise Missiles, which was started by the Labour Party (UK) The Greenham Common peace camp was established following a march by women and a few men from Cardiff, starting on 27 August 1981 and lasting for ten days. The marchers had not planned to stay at RAF Greenham Common and were ill-prepared to do so. Parker and others active in the Newbury campaign supplied them with tents, blankets and food and also enlisted support from supporters elsewhere in the south of England. A Quakers The women at Greenham camp were subjected to frequent evictions as the land on which they camped was owned by West Berkshire Council In 1984, after all the missiles have been flown in, they began to be taken out of the base at night to practice the dispersion of missiles that was planned in the event of a nuclear war. An informal group in the south of England, called “Cruise Watch”, was established to monitor the movement of the missile convoys. Parker was one of a small group of women, including Lynette Edwell, who, using the telephone tree method, would alert the surrounding peace groups when the missiles left the base so that those groups could block roads and carry out other direct action. The purpose was to make nonsense of the idea that the missiles
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telephone tree method, would alert the surrounding peace groups when the missiles left the base so that those groups could block roads and carry out other direct action. The purpose was to make nonsense of the idea that the missiles could go out in secret and disappear into the countryside without anyone knowing. The convoys were intercepted by protestors on nearly every occasion that they went out. Parker, herself, would sometimes go out with friends and interrupt the convoys and throw paint at them. In August 2000, Parker became one of the three company directors of the Nuclear Information Service (NIS), an independent, non-profit research organisation which investigates the UK nuclear weapons programme She left this role in July 2013. She was interviewed for the 2021 film Mothers of the Revolution about the Greenham camp, which was directed by Briar March and narrated by the British actress and politician, Glenda Jackson. References Category:Living people Category:English women activists Category:English anti-nuclear activists
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Atomicrops is a bullet hell roguelike farm life simulation game developed by Bird Bath Games and published by Raw Fury. Gameplay Atomicrops is a bullet hell farming roguelike. Runs are divided into four seasons, with three days per season. Players begin each day on their farm plot where they are able to sow, water, and fertilize crops, which are harvested for money. Larger, more valuable crops can be made through planting four identical crops in a square shape and fertilizing them. Players can leave the farm for surrounding areas to fight enemies and collect upgrades that improve their farming and combat capabilities. These include farm animals that perform farming actions and scrolls that do the same en masse. There are also numerous passive items such as one that slows time when weeds are cut. To progress to additional areas, players need to purchase bridge kits. Once night begins, waves of enemies start to appear on the player’sfarm, at which point they will need to defend themselves and their crops. Players can fire their weapon and perform farming actions simultaneously. At dawn, a helicopter retrieves the player, bringing them to a shop area where they can purchase items and weapons using their money. One variety consists of pickaxes, which are used to create more tiles the player can plant on. Players are also able to flirt with potential spouses using roses they’ve grown, granting additional items. If the player spends enough roses on a particular character, that spouse will join them on the farm with their own set of abilities. Roses can additionally be spent on healing. Exiting the shop area returns the player to the farm to start the next day. Every third night sees a boss appear on the player’sfarm in addition to the enemy waves. After surviving one of these fights, the next time the player returns to the shop area, their crop performance is evaluated by
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next day. Every third night sees a boss appear on the player’sfarm in addition to the enemy waves. After surviving one of these fights, the next time the player returns to the shop area, their crop performance is evaluated by the mayor. The amount of money the player made that season determines the amount of items they will be gifted. The process of going back and forth between the farm and the shop area along with a boss fight every third night repeats across all four main seasons. If the player dies at any point, then their run is over and they are forced to start from the first season again. Should they survive, then they will arrive at a single-day fifth season with the final boss. Defeating the final boss ends the run and unlocks a new difficulty tier for players to access. Players can also purchase upgrades that persist between runs after meeting ant characters. Additional playable characters can also be unlocked for the player to use in future runs. Development Atomicrops was developed by Bird Bath Games and published by Raw Fury. The game was programmed by Danny Wynne and the art was created by Toby Dixon. The farming elements of the game were inspired by Stardew Valley and the bullet hell roguelike aspects were motivated by games like Enter the Gungeon and Nuclear Throne. Atomicrops uses Unity (game engine) Reception Atomicrops received a score of 78/100 on review aggregator website Metacritic. Rock Paper Shotgun felt the farm life simulation game References Category: 2020 video games Category:Bullet hell video games Category:Farm life sim video games Category:Indie games Category:Nintendo Switch games Category:PlayStation 4 games Category:Roguelike video games Category:Single-player video games Category:Windows games Category:Xbox One games
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Primordial Soup is a creative studio founded by filmmaker Darren Aronofsky, dedicated to storytelling innovation, integrating artificial intelligence (AI) into the filmmaking process. Overview In May 2025, Primordial Soup was unveiled during Google’sannual developer conference, Google I/O, as part of a strategic partnership with Google DeepMind to explore the use of generative AI in storytelling. The company also entered into a collaboration with Google DeepMind to refine the technology company’sgenerative AI video model, including Veo. Projects Primordial Soup'sfirst announced project is ANCESTRA, a short film by director Eliza McNitt, which blends live-action performance with AI-generated visuals. The film is scheduled to premiere at the Tribeca Festival on June 13, 2025. References Category:American film studios Category:Companies based in New York Category:American companies established in 2025 Category:Entertainment companies established in 2025 Category:Generative artificial intelligence companies
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of such that f g_E_i h and h_E_i f g for all i n. The final axiom is more technical, and of importance only when X is infinite. For any E , let _E be the Binary relation#Restriction * P7: For all
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that f g_E_i h and h_E_i f g for all i n. The final axiom is more technical, and of importance only when X is infinite. For any E , let _E be the Binary relation#Restriction * P7: For all acts f, g, F and events E , we have :f _E g_ E f _E g, :f_ _E g E f _E g. Theorem '''Savage's Representation Theorem:''' Given an environment (, X, F, ) as defined above with X finite, the following are equivalent: 1) satisfies axioms P1-P6. 2) there exists a non-atomic, finitely additive probability measure p () defined on 2^ and a nonconstant function u: X R such that, for all f, g F, :f g _ [u(f())] _ [u(g())]. For infinite X, one needs axiom P7. Furthermore, in both cases, the probability measure p is unique and the function u is unique up to positive linear transformations. Notes References Category:Expected utility
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David J. Bottjer is an American paleontologist. He is Professor of Earth Sciences, Biological Sciences, and Environmental Studies at the University of Southern California. Bottjer completed undergraduate studies at Haverford College and earned his PhD in Geology from Indiana University, Bloomington in 1978. He was also the 2019 winner of the Paleontological Society Medal. References Category:Living people Category:American paleontologists Category:University of Southern California faculty Category:Year of birth missing (living people)
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William I. Ausich is an American paleontologist. He is Academy Professor of Earth Sciences at Ohio State University and Director of the Orton Geological Museum. Ausich received the Charles Schuchert Award of the Paleontological Society for early career researchers in 1990. He was awarded the Raymond C. Moore Medal by the Society for Sedimentary Geology in 2018. References Category:Living people Category:American paleontologists Category:Ohio State University faculty Category:University of Illinois alumni Category:Indiana University Bloomington alumni Category:Year of birth missing (living people)
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Nigel Charles Hughes (born 25 March 1964) is a British-American paleontologist. He is Professor of Earth Sciences at the University of California, Riverside. Hughes graduated in Geology at the University of Durham (1985) and completed a PhD at the University of Bristol (1990). He received the 2021 Raymond C. Moore Medal from the Society for Sedimentary Geology. He is the spouse of fellow paleontologist Mary L. Droser. References Category:Living people Category:British palaeontologists Category:American paleontologists Category:University of California, Riverside faculty Category:1964 births Category:Alumni of the University of Bristol Category:Alumni of St Chad's College, Durham
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Hanna Kurniawati is an Indonesian computer scientist specializing in robotics, including motion planning, uncertainty in decision making, and the applications to robotics of reinforcement learning. She works in the Australian National University School of Computing as a professor and SmartSat CRC Chair in System Autonomy, Intelligence and Decision Making. She is the former president of the Australian Robotics and Automation Association. Education and career Kurniawati grew up in Indonesia, where she became interested in robotics through watching robot-themed Japanese animation. She earned a bachelor'sdegree in computer science from the University of Indonesia in 2001, and completed a PhD at the National University of Singapore in 2008, advised there by David Hsu. After postdoctoral research in Singapore, with the Center for Environmental Sensing and Modelling of the Singapore–MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, she joined the University of Queensland in Australia as a senior lecturer in 2012. She moved to the Australian National University in 2019 as senior lecturer and ANU and CS Futures Fellow, became associate professor in 2021, and since 2023 has held her present position as professor and SmartSat CRC Chair in System Autonomy, Intelligence and Decision Making. In 2020, she was caught up in scandal involving student cheating in a 300-student class that she taught at the Australian National University, after she uncovered "evidence of widespread academic misconduct" but was unable to identify the perpetrators. Her initial decision to penalize the whole class for the incident was later reversed. Recognition In 2021, Kurniawati, David Hsu, and Lee Wee Sun at the National University of Singapore received the Robotics Science and Systems Test of Time Award for their 2008 paper, "SARSOP: Efficient Point-Based POMDP Planning by Approximating Optimally Reachable Belief Spaces". References External links *Home page *Robot Decision-making & Learning Lab * Category:Year of birth missing (living people) Category:Living people Category:Indonesian computer scientists Category:Indonesian women scientists Category:Roboticists Category:Women roboticists Category:University of Indonesia alumni Category:National University of Singapore alumni Category:Academic
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Spaces". References External links *Home page *Robot Decision-making & Learning Lab * Category:Year of birth missing (living people) Category:Living people Category:Indonesian computer scientists Category:Indonesian women scientists Category:Roboticists Category:Women roboticists Category:University of Indonesia alumni Category:National University of Singapore alumni Category:Academic staff of the University of Queensland Category:Academic staff of the Australian National University
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The UAE Strategy for Artificial Intelligence is a national initiative launched by the United Arab Emirates in October 2017 as part of its broader UAE Centennial 2071 vision. It aims to position the UAE as a global leader in artificial intelligence (AI) by 2031, integrating AI technologies across key sectors such as healthcare, education, transportation, energy, and government services. The strategy includes the development of AI-friendly legislation, promotion of AI education, investment in infrastructure, and fostering international partnerships. The UAE was the first country to appoint a Minister of State for Artificial Intelligence to lead these efforts. In 2024, Abu Dhabi announced plans to build the world’slargest AI data center cluster. See also * Artificial intelligence * Economy of the United Arab Emirates References Category:Science and technology in the United Arab Emirates Category:Artificial intelligence Category:Government of the United Arab Emirates Category:2017 in the United Arab Emirates
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Glen Penfield is a geophysicist best known for his role in the discovery of the Chicxulub crater, a massive impact structure located on the Yucatán Peninsula in Mexico. This crater is widely accepted as the impact site of the asteroid that contributed to the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event Early Life and Education Glen Penfield received his education in geophysics at Oberlin College and began his career in the petroleum industry as a geophysicist thereafter. Immediately after graduating in July 1975, he joined the Aero Service Division of Litton’s Western Atlas International in Houston. Discovery of the Chicxulub crater In the late 1970s, Penfield was working as a geophysicist for the Mexican oil company Petróleos Mexicanos (PEMEX) when he was assigned to conduct magnetic and gravitational surveys of the Yucatán Peninsula as part of oil exploration efforts. During these surveys conducted between 1978 and 1981, Penfield identified a large, roughly circular geophysical anomaly centered near the town of Chicxulub Pueblo on the northern coast of the Yucatán Peninsula. The gravitational and magnetic data collected by Penfield revealed a buried structure approximately 180 km in diameter with the characteristics of an impact crater, including a central uplift and a surrounding ring. However, due to PEMEX'sproprietary restrictions on data, Penfield was initially limited in his ability to share and publish his findings. In 1981, Penfield and Antonio Camargo, a PEMEX geologist, presented their findings at the Society of Exploration Geophysicists conference. They proposed that the circular structure could be an impact crater but received little attention from the scientific community at the time. Collaboration with Luis Alvarez and Walter Alvarez Around the same time as Penfield'sdiscovery, the father-son team of Luis Walter Alvarez It wasn'tuntil the early 1990s that the connection was made between Penfield'scrater and the Alvarez hypothesis. When Penfield'sdata was finally able to be more widely shared, scientists recognized that the Chicxulub structure matched the size and age requirements for the impact crater hypothesized
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early 1990s that the connection was made between Penfield'scrater and the Alvarez hypothesis. When Penfield'sdata was finally able to be more widely shared, scientists recognized that the Chicxulub structure matched the size and age requirements for the impact crater hypothesized by the Alvarez team. Further research confirmed that the Chicxulub crater dated to approximately 66 million years ago, coinciding with the K-Pg boundary. The crater'ssize indicated an impactor of about 10–15 km in diameter, capable of causing global catastrophic effects consistent with the mass extinction event. The Chicxulub impact is now widely accepted as a primary contributor to the extinction of approximately 75% of plant and animal species on Earth at that time, including all non-avian dinosaurs. Later Career He has spent 45 years working in hydrocarbon and mineral exploration, as well as for service companies, like PEMEX, Conoco Phillips, South Atlantic Petroleum, Western Atlas International, Carson Aerogravity, Fusion Petroleum Technologies, and his own consultancy, Chicxulub Geosciences. See Also *Luis Walter Alvarez *Chicxulub crater *Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event References Category:American geophysicists Category:Oberlin College alumni Category:Living people
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Wrekin and Charnwood terranes. As for the Charnwood side, the hills is dominated by the Malvern Plutonic Complex, which has been dated to , with in some parts has been affected by garnet–amphibolite metamorphism, dated at , alongside and injection of pegmatites, dated to . Undeformed rhyolitic tuff is also found here, and has been dated to , which is suggested to be the date of eruption. Warren House Formation The Warren House Formation'' outcrops near Malvern_Hills#The_hills Gravity anomalies There are also some Gravity anomalies of Britain and Ireland References Category:Terranes Category:Precambrian Europe Category:Cambrian Europe Category:Geology of England
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Wikipedia:Charnwood terrane
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Sabine Bögli (also published as Boegli) is a Swiss mathematician specialising in mathematical analysis, including the spectral theory of Self-adjoint operator Education and career Bögli is Swiss, and speaks Swiss German natively. After secondary education at the in Biel/Bienne, she studied mathematics at the University of Bern, receiving a bachelor'sdegree in 2010, a master'sdegree in 2012, and a Ph.D. in 2014. Her doctoral dissertation, Spectral approximation for linear operators and applications, was supervised by Christiane Tretter. After postdoctoral research at the University of Bern, Cardiff University, Imperial College London, and Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, and a Chapman Fellowship at Imperial College London, she joined Durham University as an assistant professor in 2019. She was promoted to associate professor in 2023. Recognition Bögli was a 2024 recipient of the Whitehead Prize of the London Mathematical Society, given for her research on Schrödinger operators. References External links *Home page Category:Year of birth missing (living people) Category:Living people Category:Swiss mathematicians Category:Swiss women mathematicians Category:Mathematical analysts Category:University of Bern alumni Category:Academics of Durham University
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Wikipedia:Sabine Bögli
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pCloud is a Swiss-based cloud storage provider founded in 2013. It offers Encryption History pCloud was founded in Switzerland by Tunio Zafer and Anton Titov in 2013. By 2019, it had more than 9 million users. In 2024, it counted over 19 million users. Features pCloud is compatible with Microsoft Windows pCloud uses Transport Layer Security A distinctive feature of pCloud is the creation of a Virtual disk and virtual drive The service supports integration with social media platforms such as Facebook and Instagram, allowing users to back up media directly. It also supports migration from other cloud services, including OneDrive, Dropbox, and Google Drive. Business model pCloud provides 10 GB of free storage to users, with options for additional storage through paid plans. Security pCloud holds ISO 9000 family pCloud offers an optional encryption service, providing Zero-knowledge service TechRadar rated pCloud a 4 out of 5 stars, praising its value, multimedia handling, and secure features, though noting a dated interface and lack of integrated document editing. ''ZDNET See also * Remote backup service * Comparison of file hosting services * Comparison of online backup services * List of online backup services References External links * Category:Software companies of Switzerland Category:Cloud storage Category:File hosting for Windows Category:File hosting for macOS Category:File hosting for Linux Category:Online backup services
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: : H_^p,q(X) H_A^p,q(X), : H_^p,q(X) H_A^p,q(X). Furthermore there are canonical maps H_BC^p,q(X) H_dR^n(X),H_^p,q(X),H_^p,q(X) from Bott–Chern cohomology, with all three compositions H_BC^p,q(X) H_A^p,q(X) being identical. Literature * * * References Category:Complex geometry Category:Cohomology theories
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Wikipedia:Aeppli cohomology
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, a metallic arch bridge A metallic bridge is a bridge with a structure made of metal, typically iron, cast iron, or steel. History The first metallic bridge was constructed from cast iron in England. Known as the Iron Bridge, it was built in 1779 by Abraham Darby III over the River Severn at Coalbrookdale. The bridge has a span of and a total length of , standing above the river. In France, the first metallic bridge was the Pont des Arts in Paris, constructed in 1803 by Louis-Alexandre de Cessart and Jacques Dillon. The pinnacle of cast iron bridges was reached with the Pont du Carrousel, built in Paris in 1834 by Antoine-Rémy Polonceau. Suspension bridge Materials The steels used in bridge construction are low-alloy iron-carbon Alloy For safety, steel in bridges is designed to operate well below its yield strength. Fatigue (material) Profiles Steel profiles used in bridges include: Common profiles include angle iron, U-shaped beams, and T-beams. File:Cornière2.svg File:Poutrelle.svg File:Fer-en-U.svg Assembly methods Steel assembly methods include bolting, riveting, and welding. Detailed classification See also * Suspension bridge * Cable-stayed bridge * Steel * Structural engineering * Bridge * Fatigue (material) * Welding * Iron Bridge References Bibliography * * * * * * * * * * Category:Bridges by material Category:Structural steel Category:Steel bridges Category:Metallurgy
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EN 17927, titled Security Evaluation Standard for IoT Platforms (SESIP), is a European Standard published in 2023 by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) and European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization (CENELEC). The standard provides a methodology for conducting cybersecurity evaluations of products and components within the Internet of Things (IoT) ecosystem. SESIP is listed as "one of the most relevant standards" by the European Union Agency for Cybersecurity (ENISA) for securing IoT supply chains. Overview EN 17927 defines a component-based evaluation framework tailored to IoT platforms based on the internationally recognized Common Criteria (ISO/IEC 15408). It introduces five levels of assurance SESIP Levels 1 to 5 to support scalable security assessments depending on a product’scomplexity and intended use. The SESIP methodology enables reusability of evaluation results, allowing developers to avoid repeating similar assessments across different product iterations or platforms, thereby supporting cost efficiency and faster time-to-market. The framework supports conformity assessment for multiple regulations, including the EU Cyber Resilience Act (CRA), the EU Radio Equipment Directive (RED), and global standards such as IEC 62443 and ISO/SAE 21434. The SESIP methodology is maintained and published by GlobalPlatform. Evaluations are conducted by licensed laboratories, and certificates are issued by authorized certification bodies under the SESIP certification scheme. References Category:EN standards Category:Internet of things
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Wikipedia:EN 17927
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Icy moonquakes are sudden vibrations or shaking events that occur on the surfaces of icy moons, resulting from the abrupt release of energy within their interiors. Although direct seismic measurements from these moons remain elusive, tectonic landforms such as ridges, troughs, bands, and undulations observed on Europa (moon) Current understanding of icy moonquakes is primarily based on data from spacecraft missions such as Galileo project In addition to tidal forces, several other geological processes are thought to generate moonquakes on icy satellites, including impact events, Cryovolcano Observed features and evidence Europa Europa has a young (<60 Ma), ice-covered surface shaped by a long and complex history of tectonic activity. Its crust is marked by numerous fractures and relatively few large craters, pointing to recent resurfacing. The region also contains arcuate scarps, while the older north polar cratered terrain remains largely undeformed. The Cassini spacecraft observed active plumes at the South pole of Enceladus, which gave evidence of Enceladus'sactive tectonism. The light terrain forms ridged bands through extensional processes, where a brittle upper layer over a viscous interior undulates, creating parallel ridges and grooves. High-resolution images reveal smooth, textureless areas with faint Lineation (geology) Future missions and research NASA and the European Space Agency (European Space Agency Europa Clipper Mission NASA's Europa Clipper, launched on October 14, 2024, will reach the Jupiter'sorbit and orbit Jupiter by April 2030 to study Europa's ice shell, subsurface ocean, composition, and geology. During nearly 50 flybys as low as 16 miles (25km) above the surface, it will scan the entire moon to assess its Astrobiology ESA's JUICE mission, launched April 14, 2023, from French Guiana via Ariane 5, will study Jupiter's icy moons (Ganymede, Europa, Callisto) as potential habitats and analyze Jupiter'senvironment as a model for gas giants. After an 8-year journey with flybys of Venus, Earth, and the Moon, it will enter Jupiter orbit in July 2031.
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will study Jupiter's icy moons (Ganymede, Europa, Callisto) as potential habitats and analyze Jupiter'senvironment as a model for gas giants. After an 8-year journey with flybys of Venus, Earth, and the Moon, it will enter Jupiter orbit in July 2031. The spacecraft will conduct science operations six months before orbital insertion, perform multiple moon flybys, and culminate in a dedicated orbital study of Ganymede. See also * Tectonics on icy moons References Category:Wikipedia Student Program Category:Moons Category:Planetary science Category:Geology
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The Samsung W Series is a line of foldable smartphones designed by Samsung Electronics Launch The Samsung W Series was officially launched in 2022, with the W23 and W23 Flip models marking the debut of this line. These devices were released in collaboration with China Telecom and were tailored to meet the preferences of Chinese consumers. W Series Models * W23 and W23 Flip (2022): The first models of the series, aimed at Chinese consumers. * W24 and W24 Flip (2023): Upgraded versions with enhanced specifications and design refinements. * W25 and W25 Flip (2024): The latest models featuring the Snapdragon 8 Gen 3 processor and new design, including ceramic backs and gold-plated frames. Hardware * Processor: The W Series devices are powered by the latest high-performance Snapdragon 8 Gen 2 processors in the W24 and Snapdragon 8 Gen 3 in the W25. * Display: ** The W25 features an 8-inch internal foldable display. The external screen measures 6.5 inches, providing ease of use when the device is closed. ** The W23 and W24 offer similar display sizes with slightly different refinements in terms of brightness, color accuracy, and folding mechanisms. * RAM & Storage: W Series smartphones come with high RAM configurations, starting from 12 GB and going up to 16 GB. Storage options vary, typically ranging from 512 GB to 1 TB. * Battery: The W Series includes large battery capacities, with the W23 and W24 sporting a 4,400 mAh dual-cell battery to support heavy usage throughout the day. The W25 features a 5000 mAh battery to meet the demands of the latest specifications. * Cameras: The W Series offers a 50 MP primary camera with a multi-lens camera setup. Software The Samsung W Series runs on One UI, Samsung'scustom skin for Android (operating system) Other variants The W Series includes both traditional foldable models and Flip versions: *
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primary camera with a multi-lens camera setup. Software The Samsung W Series runs on One UI, Samsung'scustom skin for Android (operating system) Other variants The W Series includes both traditional foldable models and Flip versions: * W25 Flip: The W25 Flip features a clamshell design, a compact foldable with a 6.7-inch internal display and a 1.9-inch external display. Like its bigger sibling, the W25 Flip comes with high-end specs and luxury materials, such as a ceramic back and gold-plated frame. * W24 Flip: Similarly, the W24 Flip is the compact version of the W24, offering a more portable foldable experience with premium build quality and similar high-end specs. See also * Samsung Galaxy Z Fold * Samsung Galaxy Z Flip * Samsung Electronics References Category:Samsung Electronics Category:Android (operating system) devices
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Wikipedia:Samsung W Series
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Xiaoqin Elaine Li is a Chinese and American experimental physics Education and career Li entered the physics program at Beijing Normal University intending to teach physics at the high school level, but was encouraged by a professor there to continue her studies abroad, at the graduate level. After graduating in 1997, she completed her Ph.D. in 2003, at the University of Michigan. There, she was one of many doctoral students of Duncan G. Steel. She became a postdoctoral researcher at JILA, formerly the Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, at the University of Colorado Boulder. She became a faculty member at the University of Texas at Austin in 2007, reaching the rank of full professor in 2018. Recognition Li was a 2008 recipient of a Sloan Research Fellowship, and a 2009 recipient of the Presidential Early Career Award for Scientists and Engineers. She was a Humboldt Foundation In 2015, Li was named a Fellow of the American Physical Society, "for contributions to quantum information, multidimensional coherent spectroscopy, nanophotonics based on AFM assembly, and spin dynamics in ferromagnetic nanostructures". In 2024, she was elected as a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. References External links *LiNanoLight, Li'sresearch group * Category:Year of birth missing (living people) Category:Living people Category:Chinese physicists Category:Chinese women physicists Category:American physicists Category:American women physicists Category:Beijing Normal University alumni Category:University of Michigan alumni Category:University of Texas at Austin faculty Category:Fellows of the American Physical Society Category:Fellows of the American Association for the Advancement of Science
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Wikipedia:Xiaoqin Li
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'''''Nubby's Number Factory''' is a 2025 roguelike strategy game created by developer MogDogBlog Productions. In it, players control a factory where they are tasked to launch Nubby, a living ball, into a board of pegs to continuously generate higher and higher numbers, or else the sun will explode. Reception Nubby's Number Factory released to positive reviews, with reviewers drawing favorable comparisons to Balatro, Peggle, and Ballionaire'', also complimenting its price, music, absurd setting and terminology, bizarre, Adobe Flash References Category:2025 video games Category:Roguelike video games Category:Single-player video games Category:Strategy games Category:Windows games
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Wikipedia:Nubby's Number Factory
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Natural Gas Industry is an Open access Overview and history Natural Gas Industry (Chinese name:《天然气工业》) was founded in 1981 as a quarterly journal, originating from China's Sichuan Basin. In 1989, it transitioned to a bimonthly publication, and in 2004, it adopted a monthly frequency to accommodate the growing research output. In 2014, the journal partnered with Elsevier to co-publish its English-language edition, Natural Gas Industry B, both operated by the Natural Gas Industry Journal Agency. That same year, it was included in the inaugural list of recognized academic journals (5,737 journals in total) by China’sformer National Radio and Television Administration Columns include Spotlights, Geology and Exploration, Development and Production, Drilling Engineering, Storage, Transportation and Gas Processing, Health, Safety, and Environment (HSE), Economic Management, and New Energy Sources. Notable article In 2004, the journal published its first academic paper on shale gas research, titled “Reservoiring Mechanism of Shale Gas and Its Distribution”. The paper introduced the concept of “shale gas” to China for the first time. Since then, evaluations of Shale gas in China Initiated by this research, China entered a shale gas discovery and exploration phase from 2004 to 2012. This phase primarily involved learning from international shale gas exploration and development experiences, conducting theoretical research, and evaluating target areas. It was marked by the re-evaluations of existing wells and new test drilling projects. Abstracting and indexing The journal is now indexed and abstracted by Ei Compendex, Scopus, Petroleum Abstracts (PA), and Directory of Open Access Journals See also * Journal of Petroleum Geology * Petroleum Geology & Experiment * Petroleum Geoscience References External links Category:Geology journals Category:Petroleum geology journals Category:Chinese-language journals
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Wikipedia:Natural Gas Industry
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Matthew P. Anderson is a retired United States Air Force colonel, aerospace executive, and the Chief Growth Officer of the Space Force Association. On May 6, 2025, he was nominated by President Donald Trump to serve as the Deputy Administrator of NASA, pending confirmation by the United States Senate. Early life and education Anderson graduated from the United States Air Force Academy with a Bachelor of Science degree in biology. He later earned a Master of Science in Aeronautical Science from Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University and a Master of Arts in Leadership and Counseling from the University of Colorado Colorado Springs. Military career Anderson served in the U.S. Air Force for over 24 years, retiring as a colonel in October 2021. A trained pilot and instructor, he held various roles, including Senior Aide-de-Camp to the Commander of North American Aerospace Defense Command (NORAD) and United States Northern Command from 2011 to 2013. His final assignment was as the senior liaison officer to United States Space Command, NORAD, and United States Northern Command for the United States Transportation Command from 2018 to 2021. In 2024, Anderson was recognized by Washington Exec as one of the "Top Space Execs to Watch" for his contributions to the aerospace industry. NASA Deputy Administrator nomination On May 6, 2025, President Donald Trump nominated Anderson to serve as the Deputy Administrator of NASA, the second-highest-ranking position in the agency, assisting the NASA Administrator in leading the organization. The nomination was formally transmitted to the Senate, with a confirmation hearing pending before the Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation. Acting NASA Administrator Janet Petro praised Anderson'snomination, citing his "extensive knowledge of space operations, aeronautics expertise, and industry experience" as assets for NASA'smission. Anderson'snomination was noted for its focus on external partnerships, given his limited prior direct engagement with NASA compared to predecessors like Pam Melroy. His background in national security space and
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operations, aeronautics expertise, and industry experience" as assets for NASA'smission. Anderson'snomination was noted for its focus on external partnerships, given his limited prior direct engagement with NASA compared to predecessors like Pam Melroy. His background in national security space and industry has sparked discussion within the space community about his potential to complement Jared Isaacman, the nominee for NASA Administrator, who also has limited NASA experience. References External links * Matthew Anderson's LinkedIn profile * NASA Official Website * Space Force Association Official Website Category:Living people Category:Year of birth missing (living people) Category:United States Air Force officers Category:United States Air Force Academy alumni Category:Embry–Riddle Aeronautical University Category:University of Colorado Colorado Springs alumni Category:NASA people Category:Aerospace engineers
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Wikipedia:Matthew P. Anderson
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Bella Render is a Spectral rendering Compatibility Bella for Rhino Bella has a Plug-in (computing) Bella for Maya The Bella plugin for Autodesk Maya provides real-time rendering and uses Maya'snative node graph architecture Bella for Sketchup The Bella for SketchUp plugin allows for materials and lighting from Bella right in the Sketchup environment, but does not have Node graph architecture Bella GUI Bella GUI is a stand alone application for exporting files to Bella GUI for more advanced native controls like Node graph architecture File formats supported Import file formats supported to Bella GUI include OBJ file See also * List of 3D rendering software * List of 3D modeling software * Physically based rendering * Spectral rendering References External links * Official website * Bella for Rhino * Bella for Maya * Bella for Sketchup * Bella GUI Category:3D graphics software Category:3D rendering software for Linux Category:Computer-aided design software Category:Cross-platform software Category:Software that uses Qt Category:Lists of software Category:3D graphics software Category:3D imaging Category:Computer graphics
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Wikipedia:Bella Render (software)
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JobRunr is an open-source job-scheduling library for the Java (programming language) History First released in April 2020 by Belgian developer Ronald Dehuysser, the project has become a popular alternative to Quartz (scheduler) Version 4.0 (September 2021) marked the first major milestone. InfoQ reported that the release added a job-analysis performance mode, static-method lambda support and optional byte-code caching, together with first-class starters for Spring Boot, Quarkus and Micronaut (framework) Six months later, JobRunr 5.0 shipped with default-retry configuration, cron extensions supporting "last-day" semantics and an officially supported Spring Native starter. The update also introduced Duration-based recurrent scheduling and optional MDC propagation in the dashboard logs. JobRunr 6.0 (February 2023) focused on developer ergonomics: a fluent JobBuilder API, arbitrary job labels, an opt-in Micrometer metrics bridge and performance tweaks that halved enqueue latency under load test. Features JobRunr targets common background-processing tasks, sending email batches, PDF generation, ETL pipelines or asynchronous REST callbacks, without requiring a separate service bus. Jobs are expressed as ordinary Java 8 lambdas or method references; at run time the library inspects the byte-code with ASM (library) Key functional highlights include: * Unified API: three one-liners (enqueue, schedule, scheduleRecurrently) and a more expressive fluent builder added in v 6.0 for complex triggers. References External links * * Category:Free software programmed in Java (programming language) Category:Software using the Apache license
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Wikipedia:JobRunr
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Suzan van der Lee is a Dutch-American seismologist and the Sarah Rebecca Roland Professor of Earth and Planetary Sciences at Northwestern University. Her research focuses on seismic imaging of Earth'sinterior structure, particularly the Earth'smantle Education and career Van der Lee earned her degree in Geophysics from Utrecht University and completed her Ph.D. at Princeton University in 1996 under Guust Nolet. Her academic positions include: * Postdoctoral Fellow at the Carnegie Institution for Science * Researcher at ETH Zurich * Professor at Northwestern University since 2003, named Sarah Rebecca Roland Professor in 2022 Research Van der Lee'sresearch combines seismic data analysis with computational methods to study Earth'sinterior structure. She has led several major seismic array projects: * SPREE (2010-2013): An 82-station array across north-central USA and Canada * DRIAR: A project studying the East African Rift Awards and honors * Elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences (2024) * Fellow of the American Geophysical Union (2024) * NSF CAREER Award (2007) Professional service Van der Lee has served as: * President-elect of the Seismology Section, American Geophysical Union * Board member of Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology (IRIS) Public engagement Van der Lee is active in science communication: * Featured in media outlets including BBC and WTTW * Developer of educational programs Selected publications Van der Lee has authored numerous publications including: * * References External links * * Category:American seismologists Category:Northwestern University faculty Category:Princeton University alumni Category:Utrecht University alumni Category:Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences Category:Living people Category:Women geophysicists Category:Year of birth missing (living people) Category:Dutch women scientists Category:Fellows of the American Geophysical Union Category:Women seismologists
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Wikipedia:Suzan van der Lee
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Tamara Oleksiivna Grinchenko ( born 23 February 1938 , Кочубіїв village , Khmelnytskyi Oblast ) is a Ukrainian information technology specialist . She is a Doctor of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, and Member of the Association for the Advancement of Computing in Education. Life She graduated from Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv From 1956 to 1986 she worked at the :uk:Інститут_кібернетики_імені_В._М._Глушкова_НАН_України Since 1986, she has been working at the :uk:Інститут_прикладної_інформатики In 1994, she defended her doctoral dissertation in the specialty "Technical Sciences". Under Grinchenko'sleadership, the first hypertext system was developed in Ukraine, "GYPSY" (1991), and a number of sites that first presented Ukraine on the Internet (1996), were created, and the CDs "Meet Ukraine" (1999) and "Ukraine" (2000) were produced. Since 2003, she has been a leading researcher at the Institute of Telecommunications and Global Information Space of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. She has been engaged in the development of high-level algorithmic languages for intelligent computers. She is interested in Wikipedia, in particular, in 2010, together with her husband, she wrote the article "Wikipedia as an element of the culture of the information society" for the Bulletin of the NAS of Ukraine . Works * * * * References Category:1938 births Category:Computer scientists
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Wikipedia:Tamara Oleksiyivna Grinchenko
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Ulrike K. Woggon (born 1958) is a German physicist whose research involves the use of ultrafast laser spectroscopy to study low-dimensional quantum nanostructures, including quantum dots and plasmonic nanoparticles. She is a professor of nonlinear optics in the physics department at Technische Universität Berlin. Education and career Woggon was born in Berlin, on 10 October 1958. She studied physics at the University of Jena and Humboldt University of Berlin, receiving a diploma (the German equivalent of a master'sdegree) from Humboldt University in 1982, and completing a doctorate (Dr. rer. nat.) in 1985. She continued at the University of Kaiserslautern, where she received a habilitation in 1995 with a habilitation thesis on the optical properties of quantum dots that was later published as the book Optical Properties of Semiconductor Quantum Dots (Springer, Springer Tracts in Modern Physics 136, 1997). She continued as a researcher at the University of Karlsruhe and the University of Arizona before, in 1997, taking a professorship in experimental physics at the Technical University of Dortmund. She moved to TU Berlin in 2008. Recognition Woggon was named as a Fellow of Optica (society) References External links *Fachgebiet für Nichtlineare Optik, Woggon'sresearch group at TU Berlin * Category:1958 births Category:Living people Category:German physicists Category:German women physicists Category:Humboldt University of Berlin alumni Category:Academic staff of the Technical University of Dortmund Category:Academic staff of Technische Universität Berlin Category:Fellows of Optica (society)
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)、PotterKing() MrMarmot() is a Chinese YouTuber and full-time Game art design Works The Life of a Little Pink The Life of a Little Pink () is a video uploaded by MrMarmot on October 28, 2023. Inspired by the Taiwanese video ''''(), the video tells the tragic story of a young nationalist known as "Little Pink" Wojak, who turns a blind eye to domestic problems such as unemployment and government-business collusion in China, and ultimately faces misfortune due to the harshness of reality.。 The video closes with a quote from Lu Xun's (）: References External links * Category:Chinese expatriates in the United States Category:Chinese video game designers Category:VTubers Category:YouTubers from Shanghai Category:Living people Category:Year of birth missing (living people)
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In archaeology, the Aegean chronology is a relative dating system used for the Aegean Bronze Age. It is based on the styles of pottery used in different regions at different times. The system is useful to avoid the problems of absolute dating in the Aegean region, where established methods such as radiocarbon dating and establishing chronological synchronisms between pieces of archaeological evidence give impossible or contradictory results. The Aegean chronology is divided into three sub-chronologies, respectively for the Greek mainland, Crete, and the Cyclades * Helladic chronology * Minoan chronology * Cycladic chronology Bibliography * * * Category:Aegean civilizations Category:Chronology
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The liner shipping network design and scheduling problem (LSNDSP) is a mathematical optimization problem in operations research that models maritime transport logistic problems. It is of practical interest in the shipping industry, as improvements in mathematical technoques can be directly applied to real-world problems. The problem consists of the simultaneous resolution of three sub-problems: fleet design, ship scheduling and cargo routing, while minimizing overall cost. An industry-standard benchmark dataset, LINERLIB, is used to measure the effectiveness of mathematical approaches to the LSNDSP. In 2024, resarchers from Google's Operations Research group announced that they had produced a new optimization technique which outperformed all previous solutions to the problem, and offered substantial increases in both profit and throughput for shipping companies. References See also * Transshipment * Transit route network design problem * Highway network optimization Category:Mathematical optimization Category:Operations research Category:Mathematical optimization in business Category:Maritime transport
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SU-20 is an electromagnetic isotope separation facility , in Lesnoy, Sverdlovsk Oblast, Russia. It was operated from 1950 as part of the Soviet atomic bomb project. Its original purpose further enrich 75% highly enriched uranium from the D-1 diffusion plant at Mayak to a weapons-suitable 90%. It did this by separating Uranium tetrachloride It exhibited poor performance, and in mid-1951 it was decided to reconstruct and repurpose it for light isotope separation. Following 1955, it was used for stable isotope separation, including strontium-88, thallium-203, and ytterbium-168. See also * Sverdlovsk-45 * Soviet atomic bomb project * Lev Artsimovich References Category:1950s in the Soviet Union Category:Isotope separation facilities Category:Nuclear weapons program of the Soviet Union Category:Nuclear weapons infrastructure
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Wikipedia:SU-20
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Clarice Poon is a British applied mathematician whose research lies "at the intersection of optimisation, imaging sciences, and machine learning", including research on compressed sensing and on instability in image reconstruction techniques that use deep learning. She is a reader (associate professor) in the Mathematics Institute of the University of Warwick. Education and career After reading mathematics and computer science as an undergraduate student at the University of Oxford, Poon became a student of Anders C. Hansen at the University of Cambridge. She completed her Ph.D. in 2015 with the dissertation Recovery Guarantees for Generalized and Sub-Nyquist Sampling Methods. She was a postdoctoral researcher at Paris Dauphine University and Cambridge, and a lecturer (assistant professor) position at the University of Bath. She moved to the University of Warwick in 2019 as a reader. Recognition Poon was a finalist for the 2015 Leslie Fox Prize for Numerical Analysis of the Institute of Mathematics and its Applications, receiving second prize. She was a 2024 recipient of the Whitehead Prize of the London Mathematical Society, given "for her pioneering work at the intersection of optimisation, imaging sciences, and machine learning" including "groundbreaking contributions to the design and analysis of large-scale optimisation schemes aimed at solving ill-posed inverse problems and advancing supervised machine learning techniques". References External links *Home page * Category:Year of birth missing (living people) Category:Living people Category:British applied mathematicians Category:British women mathematicians Category:Alumni of the University of Oxford Category:Alumni of the University of Cambridge Category:Academics of the University of Bath Category:Academics of the University of Warwick
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Wikipedia:Clarice Poon
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Resource Tuner is a shareware application developed by Heaventools Software for viewing and editing Resource (Windows) Overview Resource Tuner enables users to open executable files to browse, extract, add, or modify embedded resources. These resources define the graphical user interface and behavior of Windows applications, including Icon (computing) When operating in search mode, the application scans the resource sections of executable files within specified directories and extracts resources based on search criteria configured by the user. Features * Full Unicode support. * One-click extraction of selected or all resources at once. * Batch replacement of icons in ICO (file format) * Binary resources not suitable for direct editing can be replaced with external files. * Built-in filters to hide or display specific types of resources (e.g., only icons or image files); users can create custom filters. * Manifest wizard to insert application manifests specifying required privilege levels and setting the scaling of applications when using 4K resolution * Support for editing form properties in executables created with Delphi (software) * Undo/redo functionality and backup creation for modified files. * Originally available in English, the software interface has since been expanded to a total of 16 languages. Plugins Resource Tuner includes Plug-in (computing) Command-line Edition A separate product, Resource Tuner Console, is available to support automated resource editing tasks. It provides a command-line interface and utilizes the Windows Script Host (WSH) for script execution. VBScript is the default scripting language, although other WSH-compatible languages may also be used. This version is intended for use in build automation or mass resource replacement scenarios. Licensing Resource Tuner is distributed as shareware. A free trial version is available, with licensing required for continued use or access to the full feature set. See also * Resource Hacker * Portable Executable References External links * Resource Tuner homepage Category:Windows-only proprietary software
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Wikipedia:Resource Tuner
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version is available, with licensing required for continued use or access to the full feature set. See also * Resource Hacker * Portable Executable References External links * Resource Tuner homepage Category:Windows-only proprietary software Category:Shareware Category:2001 software Category:Pascal (programming language) software Category:Programming tools for Windows Category:Software-localization tools Category:Windows software
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Yedda was an Israeli community-driven question-and-answer (Q&A) web service best known for its early commercial use of semantic search and vector-based similarity to match user questions with relevant answers and experts. Founded in late 2005 and launched publicly in early 2006, the platform grew through syndication partnerships before being acquired by in November 2007. Yedda remained a wholly owned subsidiary and its technology was relaunched globally in 2010 under the brand AOL Answers, which for a period generated the highest volume of organic search traffic of any AOL property. History Foundation and launch (2005–2006) Yedda was created in 2005 by Avichay Nissenbaum (CEO), Yaniv Golan (CTO), Osher Frimerman (VP R&D), Eran Sandler and Daniel Verhovsky. The founders raised roughly US$2.5 million in seed funding and soft-launched the Q&A site in late 2006. Growth and partner network Rather than rely solely on its own domain, Yedda licensed embeddable Q&A widgets to other publishers. By late 2007 more than 50 partner sites including ePals and The Job Network contributed about 90 % of Yedda’stotal traffic. Acquisition by AOL (2007) On 11 November 2007 AOL announced it would acquire Yedda for an undisclosed (widely reported “multi-million”) amount. The deal marked AOL’s **fifth Israeli acquisition**, following Mirabilis (ICQ), Relegence, Quigo and others. AOL retained Yedda’s Tel Aviv R&D centre and the full founding team as a wholly owned, independently managed subsidiary. User accounts and historical content were migrated, while the new brand was promoted across AOL portals. Analysts noted that although revenue per page was modest, the long-tail Q&A pages brought millions of search-driven visits, briefly making AOL Answers the company’slargest organic-traffic generator. Reception and legacy Growing alongside contemporaries such as Yahoo See also * Yahoo * Quora * Aardvark (search engine) * List of acquisitions by AOL References Category:Question-and-answer websites Category:Internet properties established in 2006 Category:Semantic Web Category:Israeli companies established in 2005
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alongside contemporaries such as Yahoo See also * Yahoo * Quora * Aardvark (search engine) * List of acquisitions by AOL References Category:Question-and-answer websites Category:Internet properties established in 2006 Category:Semantic Web Category:Israeli companies established in 2005 Category:2007 mergers and acquisitions Category:AOL
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Wikipedia:Yedda
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In nonlinear functional analysis, the Krasnoselskii genus generalizes the notion of dimension for vector spaces. The Krasnoselskii genus of a linear space A is the smallest natural number n for which there exists a continuous function Krasnoselskii Genus We follow the definition given by Coffman. :(A) cases K_A &if K_A ,\\ &if K_A , \\ 0 & if A .cases In other words, if (A) nthen there exists a continuous odd function : A ^nsuch that 0 (A). Moreover n is the minimal possible dimension, i.e. there exists no such function : A ^dwith d . Properties * Let ^n be a bounded symmetric neighborhood of 0 in ^n. Then the genus of its boundary is ( ) n. * For A, B A, the following holds: # If there exists an odd function f C(A, B), then (A) (B). # If A B, then (A) (B). # If there exists an odd homeomorphism between A and B, then (A) (B). Combining these statements, it follows immediately that if there exists an odd homeomorphism between A and then (A) n. References Category:Nonlinear functional analysis Category:Calculus of variations Category:Partial differential equations
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Wikipedia:Krasnoselskii genus
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Aravind Srinivas (born 7 June 1994) is an Indian-American computer scientist and Entrepreneurship Early life and education Srinivas was born in Chennai, India. He earned dual degrees (Bachelor of Technology Career During his academic career, Srinivas held research positions at OpenAI, Google, and DeepMind focusing on machine learning and artificial intelligence. In 2022, he co-founded Perplexity AI alongside Denis Yarats, Johnny Ho, and Andy Konwinski. The company developed an Artificial intelligence Under Srinivas'sleadership, Perplexity AI has secured significant funding from investors including Jeff Bezos, Elad Gil, Nat Friedman, and Nvidia. The company has also announced partnerships aimed at expanding its AI applications into hardware by collaborating with Deutsche Telekom to develop an AI-integrated smartphone. References Category:1994 births Category:Living people Category:Indian computer scientists Category:American computer scientists Category:Artificial intelligence researchers Category:University of California, Berkeley alumni Category:American technology company founders Category:IIT Madras alumni
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Wikipedia:Aravind Srinivas
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The transit route network design problem is a mathematical optimization problem in the context of Transportation network (graph theory) The problem can be broken down into five subproblems: transportation network design, frequency setting, timetable development, vehicle scheduling, and crew scheduling. See also * Liner shipping network design and scheduling problem * Highway network optimization References Category:Mathematical optimization Category:Operations research Category:Mathematical optimization in business Category:Road transport Category:Rail transport
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Tito Ureta Aravena (1935–2012) was a Chilean biochemist, known for studies of hexokinases in many organisms. Personal life Tito Ureta was born on 10 October 1935 in Iquique, Chile, where he was educated at the Domingo Santa María School, and in the Liceo José Victorino Lastarria (Santiago). Education and early research Ureta'sfirst university studies at the University of Chile were in medicine, and he qualified as a surgeon in 1963. However, his interest turned to biochemistry and he devoted his career to research and experimental work, on hexokinases in particular. In 1960 he joined the group of Hermann Niemeyer, with whom he obtained his doctorate on the basis of a thesis on the purification and characterization of the enzyme responible for phosphorylation of glucose in the mammalian liver. He completed his training in a post-doctoral period in the laboratory of Fritz Lipmann at the Rockefeller University in New York. Research career Ureta devoted much of his career to the study of hexokinases, mainly in mammals, but also in many other organisms, such as birds, amphibians, and fungi. Ureta and colleagues determined that there were four isoenzymes of hexokinase in rat liver, and proposed the sequence A, B, C, D on the basis of the order of elution from chromatographic columns of DEAE cellulose. A little later Katzen and colleagues observed the same order for starch-gel electrophoresis and designated the isoenzymes as I, II, III and IV, a terminology that has been widely adopted, for example by Agius and colleagues. Hexokinase A (or I), predominant in brain, hexokinase B (or II), predominant in muscle, and hexokinase D (or IV), predominant in liver hexokinase (or “glucokinase”), have been extensively studied, but hexokinase C (or III) has received rather little attention, and Ureta is one of the few who have studied its properties. His study of the hexokinase isoenzymes in the rat led to a more general interest in the role of
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Wikipedia:Tito Ureta
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hexokinase C (or III) has received rather little attention, and Ureta is one of the few who have studied its properties. His study of the hexokinase isoenzymes in the rat led to a more general interest in the role of isoenzymes in metabolism. His comparison of hexokinases from a wide variety of sources stimulated a detailed study of the evolution of their structures. His interest was later devoted to the study of metabolic regulation in vivo, especially in relation to glycolysis, the pentose phosphate pathway and glycogen synthesis. For these studies he used frog oocytes as a convenient tool, and he advocated their wide use. Books In his books (in Spanish) Ureta set out to bring his ideas on protein evolution and on philosophy to a broad public. In his preface to the latter book Humberto Maturana wrote as follows: :Éste es un libro enorme, no en su tamaño físico pero sí en su contenido. Abarca todas las dilensiones humanas, tanto de la persona como objeto de la atención del autor como en lo que revela acerca de este mismo. :(This is a huge book, not in its physical size, but in its content. It covers all human dimensions, both in terms of the person as the object of the author'sattention and in what it reveals about the person.) Society and editorial activities Ureta was President of the Society of Biology of Chile in 1977–1978, and of the Society of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Chile in 1983–1984, and participated in various other societies in Europe and in the USA. In 2012 the Society of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Chile created the Tito Ureta Prize in his memory. Notable recipients include Jorge Allende, Marta Bunster, María Luz Cárdenas and Pablo DT Valenzuela References Category:1935 births Category:2012 deaths Category:Chilean biochemists Category:Chilean scientists Category:Members of the Chilean Academy of Sciences Category:20th-century biochemists Category:21st-century biochemists
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The Oslo study Study Cæsar Peter Møller Boeck In the 1940s and 1950s, Trygve Gjestland re-examined the cases of 1,404 patients, 80% of the total number of patients who were denied treatment by Boeck. He had the intention of determining the affect of untreated early-stage syphilis on mortality, and the impact of late stage syphilis. Gjestland published his findings as a thesis in 1955. Impact on the Tuskegee Syphilis Study The Oslo Study had a major impact on the Tuskegee Syphilis Study, which was conducted in the United States between 1932 and 1972. Bruusgaard'spaper on the Oslo Study was the only available study of untreated syphilis in 1931, when the United States Public Health Service While Gjestland was working on his thesis, he also attracted interest from American researchers involved in the Tuskegee study. Veneriologist Joseph Earle Moore, a consultant for the Tuskegee study, visited Oslo to review Gjestland'sdata in 1947, and J.R. Heller, head of the Venerable Disease Division of the United States Public Health Service, also expressed interest. As a result of Heller and Moore'sinfluence, Gjestland received funding from the United States Public Health Service. While Gjestland was a visiting scholar at Columbia University in New York City, he met with researchers from Tuskegee to discuss their findings. Their research was included in chapter 2 of his thesis. Based on the Oslo Study, the Tuskegee researchers determined that syphilis was more dangerous and transmissible without treatment. Moore stated that the Oslo Study should never be repeated. However, he and the other Tuskegee researchers still conducted their study of African American male patients, under the justification that African Americans were less intelligent and more promiscuous. They also believed that, outside of the study, African Americans were unlikely to seek medical treatment for syphilis. Moore stated that "Syphilis in the negro is in many respects almost a different disease from syphilis in the white." The experiment likely also
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Wikipedia:Oslo study
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believed that, outside of the study, African Americans were unlikely to seek medical treatment for syphilis. Moore stated that "Syphilis in the negro is in many respects almost a different disease from syphilis in the white." The experiment likely also influenced Hugh S. Cumming'shypothesis that the Tuskegee study might demonstrate the non-necessity of treatment for syphilis. References Category:Syphilis Category:Observational study Category:Human rights abuses in Norway Category:Human subject research Category:1891 establishments in Norway Category:1910 disestablishments in Norway
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Wikipedia:Oslo study
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Qiliqiangxin (QLQX, ) is a traditional Chinese medicine formulation used for the treatment of chronic heart failure. It was approved by the Chinese Food and Drug Administration in 2004 and included in the Chinese guidelines for the management of heart failure in 2014. Composition Qiliqiangxin consists of a standardized extract derived from eleven medicinal herbs commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), including: These components are associated with various pharmacological properties, including positive Inotrope In preclinical studies, the administration methods varied according to the model organism. In Rat model References Category:Traditional Chinese medicine Category:Herbal and fungal stimulants Category:Cardiology Category:Drugs acting on the cardiovascular system Category:Phytochemicals Category:Alternative medicine Category:Medicinal plants Category:Botanical drugs Category:Health in China
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Triveni Rao is an Indian and American physicist and an expert on physics instrumentation. She is a senior physicist at the Brookhaven National Laboratory, acting head of the Instrumentation Facilities Division at the laboratory, and an adjunct professor in the Department of Physics and Astronomy at Stony Brook University. Education and career Originally from India, Rao completed a Ph.D. in physics at the University of Illinois Chicago in 1983, after also earning a master'sdegree there. After working in industry for a year, she joined the Brookhaven National Laboratory in 1985. Formerly the head of the Laser Applications Group at Brookhaven, she subsequently became associate division head of the Instrumentation Division, and then acting head of the Instrumentation Facilities Division. In 2023 she was funded by the Indian government by a Visiting Advance Joint Research Faculty Fellowship, for a visiting position at the Inter-University Accelerator Centre in Delhi. Research Rao'sexpertise involves instrumentation for high-energy physics, including photocathodes and photoinjectors, devices for turning laser pulses into high-intensity electron beams, as well as high-energy superconducting radiofrequency sources. With David H. Dowell, Rao is the editor of the book An Engineering Guide To Photoinjectors, published as an open access work on arXiv.org. Recognition Rao was named as a Fellow of the American Physical Society, in the 2008 class of fellows, "for pioneering work on metal photo cathodes for high brightness RF injectors". In 2012, Rao was honored as a distinguished Asian American professional at the Stony Brook University Asian Pacific American Heritage Month Celebration. References Category:Year of birth missing (living people) Category:Living people Category:Indian physicists Category:Indian women physicists Category:American physicists Category:American women physicists Category:University of Illinois Chicago alumni Category:Brookhaven National Laboratory staff Category:Fellows of the American Physical Society
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Wikipedia:Triveni Rao
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Highway network optimization is the problem of configuring highway networks to maximize economic and social utility. Numerous mathematical optimization techniques have been brought to bear on the problem, including linear programming and deep learning. Recent research has included work on treating the highway optimization problem as a dynamic system. References See also * Traffic engineering (transportation) * Transit route network design problem * Liner shipping network design and scheduling problem Category:Mathematical optimization Category:Operations research Category:Mathematical optimization in business Category:Road transport
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Wikipedia:Highway network optimization
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The subcycle overvoltage condition describes the electrical generation fault mode that is associated with the inverter-based resources (IBR, like solar photovoltaics and wind turbines) and can cause a massive and instantaneous loss of electricity generation. When the overvoltage condition is detected, the IBR devices self-protect by disconnecting from the grid and can only come back online once the voltage returns to the design limits. In the meantime, a cascading failure can be triggered due to lack of generation capacity that remains online. The typical fault scenario is two-stage: # A line-to-ground fault # Once the fault clears, the line voltage might briefly reach very high level, exceeding the 1.3 Per-unit system The problem was accidentally exacerbated by a requirement to have a shunt capacitor across the connection terminals of an IBR. This feature was expected to provide the reactive power support to the grid (the typical inverter is designed for a unity power factor), yet after a short remote line fault it increased the overvoltage at the generator connection and contributed to the problem (the later designs followed the IEEE 1547-2018 standard and did not use the shunt capacitors in the MC mode). As a result, Solar farm References Sources * * Category:Electricity economics
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Wikipedia:Subcycle overvoltage
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CSS fingerprinting is a browser fingerprinting technique that allows a website to identify and track visitors using CSS. CSS fingerprinting is State (computer science) Background Browser fingerprinting is a set of techniques that leverage a browser'sunique characteristics and features to track a user. Unlike stateful Web tracking CSS fingerprinting allows a website to fingerprint a user without executing any JavaScript code, thus bypassing traditional fingerprinting defenses. Since Style sheet language Techniques CSS fingerprinting techniques are typically dependent on abusing specific features of CSS to detect attributes about the system that CSS would not ordinarily be able to access. The process usually consists of two parts: the initial access of the information on the user'ssystem, and the subsequent exfiltration of that information. While there are many ways of gaining access to data through CSS fingerprinting, exfiltrating it purely through CSS is difficult since the browser does not allow the dynamic generation of URLs in CSS. As a result, CSS fingerprinting typically relies on making a conditional networking request. Examples include using a background image on a CSS selector, a font retrieval on a media query, and using a conditional image-set directive. One particular method of CSS-based fingerprinting is font fingerprinting, which focuses on detecting the presence of specific fonts on a user'ssystem. By revealing the presence of certain fonts, a website can infer whether certain applications have been installed by the user. This involves the website loading a font using the @font-face CSS directive, or directly loading a CSS font by applying the font-family directive to a HTML element. By measuring the size of the element when the font-family directive is applied directly, a website can infer the presence of system fonts and other applications. Another font-based attack proposed by Heiderich et al. in 2017 centered around loading specially prepared fonts where the glyphs for a set of letters had been swapped out for zero-width glyphs. Once these fonts
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Wikipedia:CSS fingerprinting
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of system fonts and other applications. Another font-based attack proposed by Heiderich et al. in 2017 centered around loading specially prepared fonts where the glyphs for a set of letters had been swapped out for zero-width glyphs. Once these fonts have loaded, an attacker can apply these fonts on an element containing data they want to leak. Using a series of CSS animations and height/width queries, the attacker can infer the heights of the characters which are not zero-width characters making it possible to leak the data contained in the element character by character. Media queries are a set of CSS directives that allow a website to query different properties about a screen such as the height, width or whether if the user is in a printing interface. Media queries allow websites to conditionally apply CSS styles if a particular set of conditions are met. Other techniques include using CSS's in-built calc() functionality to perform calculations that reveal the instruction set and precision of the underlying operating system, and using CSS's @supports queries to check if particular CSS features are present in a browser, which can be used to the specific browser and version. Other features available to CSS include whether or not JavaScript is enabled and scrollbar settings, particularly on MacOS. Another technique that can be used to fingerprint users is extension detection. Extension detection is a technique that uses CSS queries to determine the presence or absence of specific attributes and elements injected by browser extensions. Certain extensions, such as Wikiwand, modify web pages by injecting CSS style sheets and additional elements to alter their behavior. An attacker can exploit this by setting up a website that employs CSS container queries to detect these modifications. By analyzing the results of these queries and comparing them against a previously compiled database of extension fingerprints, an attacker can identify which extensions a user has installed. This information can allow the attacker to
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queries to detect these modifications. By analyzing the results of these queries and comparing them against a previously compiled database of extension fingerprints, an attacker can identify which extensions a user has installed. This information can allow the attacker to uniquely identify users based on their installed extensions. CSS fingerprinting techniques can also be used to dynamically exfiltrate user-interactions. An attacker can craft code to register a CSS selector that only gets activated when a user types a specific string into an input field, areas that might reveal contextual information about the page where the CSS was loaded. The CSS selector subsequently embeds a background-image on an element that is invisible to the user, with the URL request exfiltrating the data on the user interaction to the attacker. Depending on the amount of CSS being loaded, the malicious CSS could also be used as a Keystroke logging Example The following example demonstrates how CSS fingerprinting could be used to infer information about a user'sbrowser configuration. @media (max-width: 600px) body background-image: url("https://example.com/log?device mobile"); @media (min-width: 601px) and (max-width: 1200px) body background-image: url("https://example.com/log?device tablet"); @media (min-width: 1201px) body background-image: url("https://example.com/log?screen laptop"); In the example, a set of CSS directives are declared that use media queries. The CSS directives apply different types of backgrounds on to the body element depending on the result of queries on the width of a user'sscreen. The background in turn makes a request to a remote URL for that background image, with the choice of image conveying information about the type of device. The remote URL can now collect information on which device was used based on which image was requested. References Citations References * * * * * * * * Category:Internet privacy Category:Computer_network_security Category:Fingerprinting algorithms Category:Tracking
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Wikipedia:CSS fingerprinting
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In mathematics, '''Joyal'stheorem' is a theorem in homotopy theory that provides necessary and sufficient conditions for the solvability of a certain lifting problem involving simplicial sets. In particular, in higher category theory, it proves the statement "an ∞-groupoid is a Kan complex", which is a version of the homotopy hypothesis. The theorem was introduced by André Joyal. Joyal extension theorem Let C be quasicategory and let u:X Y be a morphism of C. The following conditions are equivalent: (1)The morphism u is an isomorphism. (2)Let n 2 and let _0 : ^n_0 C be a morphism of simplicial sets for which the initial edge ^1 N_( \ 0 is equal to u. Then _0 can be extended to an Kan fibration#Definition of the standard n-simplex (3) Let n 2 and let _0 : ^n_n C be a morphism of simplicial sets for which the initial edge ^1 N_( \ n-1 is equal to u. Then _0 can be extended to an n''-simplex : ^n C. Joyal lifting theorem Let p: C D be an inner fibration (Joyal used mid-fibration) between quasicategories, and let f C_1 be an edge such that p (f) is an isomorphism in D. The following are equivalent: (1) The edge f is an isomorphism in C. (2) For all n 2, every diagram of the form admits a Kan fibration#Definition of a Kan fibration (3)For all n 2, every diagram of the form admits a lift. Notes References * * * * * * * * * * Further reading * * * Category:Theorems in homotopy theory
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Wikipedia:Joyal's theorem
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450P/LONEOS, also known by its formal designations P/2004 A1 and P/2022 Q3, is a distant List of numbered comets Observational history Discovery The comet was discovered as an 18th-magnitude object on charged couple device Follow-up observations The comet was successfully recovered from observations taken by the Gemini Observatory Orbit , 450P/LONEOS has a heliocentric orbit inclined about 10.65 degrees from the ecliptic. Its perihelion distance is about while its aphelion goes as far back as from the Sun. Orbital calculations indicated that it made a close encounter with Saturn in 1992, when it came within to the giant planet. This resulted in its semimajor axis to be significantly decreased by . A long-term orbital investigation indicated that this is likely its first sojourn to the inner Solar System as it transitions from a centaur (small Solar System body) Physical characteristics Based on its measured dust activity, the comet nucleus References P/2022 Q3 (LONEOS) External links * * 450P/LONEOS at Seiichi Yoshida'swebsite Category:Periodic comets Category:Numbered comets Category:Jupiter-family comets Category:Centaurs (small Solar System bodies) Category:Discoveries by LONEOS Category:Comets in 2022
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The Shattering Peace is an upcoming science fiction novel by American writer John Scalzi, the seventh book set in the ''Old Man's War universe, and takes place ten years after the events of The End of All Things (novel) References External links * John Scalzi's Blog on The Shattering Peace * Official website of John Harris: landscape, science fiction and marine artist Category:2025 American novels Category:2025 science fiction novels Category:American science fiction novels Category:Sequel novels Category:Old Man's War Category:Tor Books books
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Wikipedia:The Shattering Peace
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In Internet security, Signed Certificate Timestamp (SCT) Auditing is a Google-developed mechanism to verify the validity of digital certificates, specifically those used in Certificate Transparency (CT) standard. Its purpose is to validate SCTs, which are promises made by certificate log operators to certificate authorities to include their freshly made signature in their log. These promises are augmented with MMD - Maximum Merge Delay - to assure that this addition occurs within a reasonable time frame. Background In most browsers, supporting Certificate Transparency resolves to verifying the cryptographic validity of SCTs. Simply put, when the domain owners requests a certificate, the issuer (Certificate Authority, or CA) answers with two closely related digital certificates: # The CA produces a certificate assuring the ownership of the domain by the entity that made the request (alongside a chain of trust leading to a Trust anchor # The CA notifies several CT loggers of this certificate, receives promises (SCT) to include them in their logs, and relays those promises to the domain owner. SCT Auditing targets the missing link by verifying that the promises made by the loggers be fulfilled. Approaches Theoretically, the process of validating the fulfilment of the SCT promise should be played out relatively simply as it only contains querying loggers and verifying their responses, which should be a Merkle tree audit path using simple cryptographic functions. In practice, it turns out to be difficult to deploy. As a result, Google Chrome offers two approaches to SCT auditing, Opt-in and Opt-out. Both paradigm work asynchronously, namely they do not affect browser performance. This is mainly because failure to verify SCT does not necessarily mean a security breach. The Opt-in paradigm, as the name suggests, needs to be turned on explicitly and is only active in Enhanced Safe Browsing mode. In this mode, a random Sampling risk The Opt-out paradigm offers a more privacy-enhancing trade-off. This approach relies on the assumption that Google maintains a
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Wikipedia:Signed certificate timestamp
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