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Context: Armenia established a Church that still exists independently of both the Catholic and the Eastern Orthodox churches, having become so in 451 AD as a result of its stance regarding the Council of Chalcedon. Today this church is known as the Armenian Apostolic Church, which is a part of the Oriental Orthodox communion, not to be confused with the Eastern Orthodox communion. During its later political eclipses, Armenia depended on the church to preserve and protect its unique identity. The original location of the Armenian Catholicosate is Echmiadzin. However, the continuous upheavals, which characterized the political scenes of Armenia, made the political power move to safer places. The Church center moved as well to different locations together with the political authority. Therefore, it eventually moved to Cilicia as the Holy See of Cilicia. Question: When did Armenia's church become independent? Answer: 451 AD Question: What is Armenia's church called? Answer: Armenian Apostolic Church Question: What type of Catholicism is Armenia's church part of? Answer: Oriental Orthodox Question: Where was the Armenian Catholicosate located at first? Answer: Echmiadzin Question: Where did the Armenian Catholicosate move to? Answer: Cilicia Question: When did the Echmiadzin church gain independence? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Why did the Echmiadzin church become independent? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What church is part of the Eastern Orthodox communion? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did the Council of Chalcedon depend on the church to do? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where did Echmiadzin move to because it was safer? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: A desire to be closer to the urban scene has also attracted some young professionals to reside in inner ring suburbs such as Grosse Pointe and Royal Oak, Detroit. Detroit's proximity to Windsor, Ontario, provides for views and nightlife, along with Ontario's minimum drinking age of 19. A 2011 study by Walk Score recognized Detroit for its above average walkability among large U.S. cities. About two-thirds of suburban residents occasionally dine and attend cultural events or take in professional games in the city of Detroit. Question: Which city has a lower than usual drinking age? Answer: Windsor, Ontario Question: How many suburban residents take in Detroit's entertainment options? Answer: two-thirds Question: Who conducted a study about Detroit's walk-ability? Answer: Walk Score
Context: Under German control, and even before then, Japanese traders and fishermen from time to time visited the Marshall Islands, although contact with the islanders was irregular. After the Meiji Restoration (1868), the Japanese government adopted a policy of turning the Japanese Empire into a great economic and military power in East Asia. Question: What notable historical event occurred in Japan in 1868? Answer: the Meiji Restoration Question: In what region did the Japanese attempt to build up their power after 1868? Answer: East Asia Question: Along with fishermen, what sort of Japanese people visited the Marshalls? Answer: traders
Context: After Laporta's departure from the club in June 2010, Sandro Rosell was soon elected as the new president. The elections were held on 13 June, where he got 61.35% (57,088 votes, a record) of total votes. Rosell signed David Villa from Valencia for €40 million and Javier Mascherano from Liverpool for €19 million. In November 2010, Barcelona defeated their main rival, Real Madrid 5–0 in El Clásico. In the 2010–11 season, Barcelona retained the La Liga trophy, their third title in succession, finishing with 96 points. In April 2011, the club reached the Copa del Rey final, losing 1–0 to Real Madrid at the Mestalla in Valencia. In May, Barcelona defeated Manchester United in the 2011 Champions League Final 3–1 held at Wembley Stadium, a repeat of the 2009 final, winning their fourth European Cup. In August 2011, La Masia graduate Cesc Fàbregas was bought from Arsenal and he would help Barcelona defend the Spanish Supercup against Real Madrid. The Supercup victory brought the total number of official trophies to 73, matching the number of titles won by Real Madrid. Question: Who was elected as president of the Barcelona club in 2010? Answer: Sandro Rosell Question: What percentage of the votes for president did Rosell get? Answer: 61.35% Question: What was Rosell's record number of votes he received for president? Answer: 57,088 Question: How much did Barcelona pay to sign David Villa? Answer: €40 million Question: What team did Barcelona beat in El Clasico in 2010? Answer: Real Madrid
Context: Central Tucson is bicycle-friendly. To the east of the University of Arizona, Third Street is bike-only except for local traffic and passes by the historic homes of the Sam Hughes neighborhood. To the west, E. University Boulevard leads to the Fourth Avenue Shopping District. To the North, N. Mountain Avenue has a full bike-only lane for half of the 3.5 miles (5.6 km) to the Rillito River Park bike and walk multi-use path. To the south, N. Highland Avenue leads to the Barraza-Aviation Parkway bicycle path. Question: Where does E.University Blvd. lead to? Answer: Fourth Avenue Shopping District Question: What neighborhood has historic homes? Answer: Sam Hughes neighborhood Question: What mode of transport is encouraged in Central Tuscon? Answer: bicycle Question: Of the 3.5 miles from N. Mountain Avenue to Rillito River Park, how many are bike-only? Answer: half Question: Which Tucson street is devoted to bicycles? Answer: Third Street Question: How long does N Mountain Ave have a bike lane? Answer: half of the 3.5 miles (5.6 km) to the Rillito River Park Question: Which park has a multi-use path? Answer: Rillito River Park Question: Which bike path does Highland lead to? Answer: Barraza-Aviation Parkway Question: Which shopping area is on East University? Answer: Fourth Avenue Shopping District
Context: The main sports Ottomans were engaged in were Turkish Wrestling, hunting, Turkish archery, horseback riding, Equestrian javelin throw, arm wrestling, and swimming. European model sports clubs were formed with the spreading popularity of football matches in 19th century Constantinople. The leading clubs, according to timeline, were Beşiktaş Gymnastics Club (1903), Galatasaray Sports Club (1905) and Fenerbahçe Sports Club (1907) in Istanbul. Football clubs were formed in other provinces too, such as Karşıyaka Sports Club (1912), Altay Sports Club (1914) and Turkish Fatherland Football Club (later Ülküspor) (1914) of İzmir. Question: When did European sport clubs begin to form in the Ottoman empire? Answer: 19th century Question: Where did football matches become to be popular in the Ottoman empire? Answer: Constantinople Question: What was the leading sport club in 1905? Answer: Galatasaray Sports Club Question: In what year did the Altay Sports Club form? Answer: 1914 Question: What was the football club known as Ülküspor formerly known as? Answer: Turkish Fatherland Football Club
Context: The distinctive characteristic of Gothic cathedrals of the Iberian Peninsula is their spatial complexity, with many areas of different shapes leading from each other. They are comparatively wide, and often have very tall arcades surmounted by low clerestories, giving a similar spacious appearance to the 'Hallenkirche of Germany, as at the Church of the Batalha Monastery in Portugal. Many of the cathedrals are completely surrounded by chapels. Like English cathedrals, each is often stylistically diverse. This expresses itself both in the addition of chapels and in the application of decorative details drawn from different sources. Among the influences on both decoration and form are Islamic architecture and, towards the end of the period, Renaissance details combined with the Gothic in a distinctive manner. The West front, as at Leon Cathedral, typically resembles a French west front, but wider in proportion to height and often with greater diversity of detail and a combination of intricate ornament with broad plain surfaces. At Burgos Cathedral there are spires of German style. The roofline often has pierced parapets with comparatively few pinnacles. There are often towers and domes of a great variety of shapes and structural invention rising above the roof. Question: What is the distinctive design element of Gothic cathedrals of the Iberian Peninsula? Answer: their spatial complexity Question: What size are the arcades of Gothic cathedrals of the Iberian Peninsula? Answer: very tall arcades Question: What type of architecture is a prominent influence on the design and form of Gothic cathedrals from the Iberian Peninsula? Answer: Islamic architecture Question: What type of West front does the Leon Cathedral resemble? Answer: a French west front Question: What style are the spires at Burgos Cathedral? Answer: German style Question: What is the distinctive design element of Gothic cathedrals of the Iberian continent? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What size are the arcades of Gothic malls of the Iberian Peninsula? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What type of West front does the Leon Cathedral resent? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What style are the spirals at Burgos Cathedral? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What type of architecture lost influence on the design and form of Gothic cathedrals from the Iberian Peninsula? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Chopin's études are largely in straightforward ternary form. He used them to teach his own technique of piano playing—for instance playing double thirds (Op. 25, No. 6), playing in octaves (Op. 25, No. 10), and playing repeated notes (Op. 10, No. 7). Question: What pieces of his did Chopin use to teach his technique? Answer: études Question: What form are most of Chopin's études in? Answer: straightforward ternary Question: Chopin often taught his piano technique using what form of music he wrote? Answer: études
Context: Though pesticide regulations differ from country to country, pesticides, and products on which they were used are traded across international borders. To deal with inconsistencies in regulations among countries, delegates to a conference of the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization adopted an International Code of Conduct on the Distribution and Use of Pesticides in 1985 to create voluntary standards of pesticide regulation for different countries. The Code was updated in 1998 and 2002. The FAO claims that the code has raised awareness about pesticide hazards and decreased the number of countries without restrictions on pesticide use. Question: Is the trade of pesticides and pesticide treated goods limited to the United States? Answer: traded across international borders Question: What commitee deals with differences in rules governing the use of pesticides among different countries? Answer: United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization Question: When was the international code which governs the distribution and use of pesticides established? Answer: 1985 Question: How recently were voluntary standards of pesticide regulation updated? Answer: 2002 Question: When was the UN Food and Agriculture Organization founded? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Why was the UN food and Agriculture Organization created in 1985? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When were pesticides first able to be traded across international borders? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what areas do agriculture methods differ? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where are agriculture methods traded? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: In many countries, national and regional poultry shows are held where enthusiasts exhibit their birds which are judged on certain phenotypical breed traits as specified by their respective breed standards. The idea of poultry exhibition may have originated after cockfighting was made illegal, as a way of maintaining a competitive element in poultry husbandry. Breed standards were drawn up for egg-laying, meat-type, and purely ornamental birds, aiming for uniformity. Sometimes, poultry shows are part of general livestock shows, and sometimes they are separate events such as the annual "National Championship Show" in the United Kingdom organised by the Poultry Club of Great Britain. Question: Is there a pplace where lovers of the chicken are able to see some of its best attributes ? Answer: In many countries, national and regional poultry shows are held where enthusiasts exhibit their birds Question: In such competitions what are the chickens juged on? What attibutes are considered viable? Answer: birds which are judged on certain phenotypical breed traits as specified by their respective breed standards Question: Are there breed standards used for the competitions? Answer: Breed standards were drawn up for egg-laying, meat-type, and purely ornamental birds, aiming for uniformity Question: What are some of the most widely known poultry tournaments? Answer: the annual "National Championship Show" in the United Kingdom organised by the Poultry Club of Great Britain. Question: From where does the idea of a poultry tournament orginate? Answer: The idea of poultry exhibition may have originated after cockfighting was made illegal, as a way of maintaining a competitive element in poultry husbandry Question: Where are national and regional poultry shows banned? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was never made illegal that involves birds fighting? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What are never part of general livestock shows? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What are the unknown poultry tournaments? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Why are poultry shows not allowed in most countries? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: However, most of the major FBS teams annually schedule early season non-conference preseason home games against lesser opponents that are lower-tier FBS, Football Championship, or Division II schools, which often result in lopsided victories in favor of the FBS teams and act as exhibition games in all but name, though they additionally provide a large appearance fee and at least one guaranteed television appearance for the smaller school. These games also receive the same criticism as NFL exhibition games, but instead it is targeted to schools scheduling low-quality opponents and the simplicity for a team to run up the score against a weak opponent. However, these games are susceptible to backfiring, resulting in damage in poll position and public perception, especially if the higher ranked team loses, although the mere act of scheduling a weak opponent is harmful to a team's overall strength of schedule itself. Games an FBS team schedules against lower division opponents do not count toward the minimum seven wins required for bowl eligibility, and only one game against an FCS team can be counted. With the start of the College Football Playoff system for the 2014 season, major teams are now discouraged from scheduling weaker opponents for their non-conference schedule because of a much higher emphasis on strength of schedule than in the Bowl Championship Series era. Question: Major FBS teams can have lopsided victories against what kinds of lesser opponents? Answer: lower-tier FBS, Football Championship, or Division II schools Question: Why do smaller schools want to play against major FBS teams? Answer: a large appearance fee and at least one guaranteed television appearance Question: How many wins are required for an FBS team to be eligible for the bowl? Answer: seven Question: How many games between FBS and FCS teams count towards the FBS's bowl eligibility? Answer: one Question: When did the College Football Playoff System begin? Answer: 2014 Question: Who schedules early-season conference home games? Answer: Unanswerable Question: I what provides a small appearance fee and a guaranteed television appearance for small schools? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many losses before FBS team is ineligible for the ball Answer: Unanswerable Question: When did the college football playoff system and? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Why are major teams now encouraged to schedule weaker opponents further nonconference schedule? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Gherman Titov became the first Soviet cosmonaut to exercise manual control of his Vostok 2 craft on August 6, 1961. The Soviet Union demonstrated 24-hour launch pad turnaround and the capability to launch two piloted spacecraft, Vostok 3 and Vostok 4, in essentially identical orbits, on August 11 and 12, 1962. The two spacecraft came within approximately 6.5 kilometers (4.0 mi) of one another, close enough for radio communication. Vostok 4 also set a record of nearly four days in space. Though the two craft's orbits were as nearly identical as possible given the accuracy of the launch rocket's guidance system, slight variations still existed which drew the two craft at first as close to each other as 6.5 kilometers (3.5 nautical miles), then as far apart as 2,850 kilometers (1,540 nautical miles). There were no maneuvering rockets on the Vostok to permit space rendezvous, required to keep two spacecraft a controlled distance apart. Question: What first person from the USSR controlled their own spacecraft? Answer: Gherman Titov Question: Gherman Titov from the USSR drove his own spacecraft on what date? Answer: August 6, 1961 Question: Radio communication was possible between which two spacecrafts in August 11 and 12, 1962? Answer: Vostok 3 and Vostok 4
Context: Napoleon's coronation took place on December 2, 1804. Two separate crowns were brought for the ceremony: a golden laurel wreath recalling the Roman Empire and a replica of Charlemagne's crown. Napoleon entered the ceremony wearing the laurel wreath and kept it on his head throughout the proceedings. For the official coronation, he raised the Charlemagne crown over his own head in a symbolic gesture, but never placed it on top because he was already wearing the golden wreath. Instead he placed the crown on Josephine's head, the event commemorated in the officially sanctioned painting by Jacques-Louis David. Napoleon was also crowned King of Italy, with the Iron Crown of Lombardy, at the Cathedral of Milan on May 26, 1805. He created eighteen Marshals of the Empire from amongst his top generals to secure the allegiance of the army. Question: On what date did Napoleon's coronation occur? Answer: December 2, 1804 Question: How many crowns were used in Napoleon's coronation ceremony? Answer: Two Question: Other than France, what country was Napoleon crowned king of? Answer: Italy Question: When was Napoleon crowned King of Italy? Answer: May 26, 1805 Question: Where was Napoleon crowned King of Italy? Answer: at the Cathedral of Milan
Context: Gorton maintained good relations with the United States and Britain, but pursued closer ties with Asia. The Gorton government experienced a decline in voter support at the 1969 election. State Liberal leaders saw his policies as too Centralist, while other Liberals didn't like his personal behaviour. In 1971, Defence Minister Malcolm Fraser, resigned and said Gorton was "not fit to hold the great office of Prime Minister". In a vote on the leadership the Liberal Party split 50/50, and although this was insufficient to remove him as the leader, Gorton decided this was also insufficient support for him, and he resigned. Question: Which continent did Gorton wish to pursue closer ties with? Answer: Asia Question: Who commented that Gorton was not fit to be Prime Minister? Answer: Defence Minister Malcolm Fraser Question: Was Gorton impeached, voted out, or did he resign? Answer: he resigned Question: Which countries did Gorton maintain close relationships with? Answer: United States and Britain Question: Which continent did state Liberal leaders wish to pursue closer ties with? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who commented that Gorton was not fit to have voter support? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which countries did Fraser maintain close relationships with? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When did the Fraser government experience a decline in voter support? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who saw Fraser's policies as too Centralist? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Also, other human rights were advocated for by some Protestants. For example, torture was abolished in Prussia in 1740, slavery in Britain in 1834 and in the United States in 1865 (William Wilberforce, Harriet Beecher Stowe, Abraham Lincoln - against Southern Protestants). Hugo Grotius and Samuel Pufendorf were among the first thinkers who made significant contributions to international law. The Geneva Convention, an important part of humanitarian international law, was largely the work of Henry Dunant, a reformed pietist. He also founded the Red Cross. Question: When did Prussia stop torture? Answer: 1740 Question: When did Britain end slavery? Answer: 1834 Question: Who were the first men to make large contributions to international law? Answer: Hugo Grotius and Samuel Pufendorf Question: Who founded the Red Cross? Answer: Henry Dunant Question: What international law was Henry Dunant mostly responsible for? Answer: The Geneva Convention
Context: Electrocution was the preferred method of execution during the 20th century. Electric chairs have commonly been nicknamed Old Sparky; however, Alabama's electric chair became known as the "Yellow Mama" due to its unique color. Some, particularly in Florida, were noted for malfunctions, which caused discussion of their cruelty and resulted in a shift to lethal injection as the preferred method of execution. Although lethal injection dominates as a method of execution, some states allow prisoners on death row to choose the method used to execute them. Question: What was a common nickname for the electric chair? Answer: Old Sparky Question: What color was Alabama's electric chair? Answer: Yellow Question: What state notably had electric chair malfunctions? Answer: Florida Question: Due to electric chair malfunctions, what method of execution became preferred? Answer: lethal injection Question: Prior to the popularity of lethal injection, what was the preferred method of executing criminals in America? Answer: Electrocution Question: What was an uncommon nickname for the electric chair? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What color was Arkansas's electric chair? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What state never notably had electric chair malfunctions? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Due to electric chair malfunctions, what method of execution was not preferred? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Prior to the popularity of lethal injection, what was the preferred method of executing criminals in South America? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Arsenal was the first club from the south of England to join The Football League, in 1893. They entered the First Division in 1904, and have since accumulated the second most points. Relegated only once, in 1913, they continue the longest streak in the top division. In the 1930s, Arsenal won five League Championships and two FA Cups, and another FA Cup and two Championships after the war. In 1970–71, they won their first League and FA Cup Double. Between 1988 and 2005, they won five League titles and five FA Cups, including two more Doubles. They completed the 20th century with the highest average league position. Question: What was the first football club from southern England to join The Football League? Answer: Arsenal Question: When did Arsenal join the Football League? Answer: 1893 Question: In what year did Arsenal qualify to be in the First Division? Answer: 1904 Question: How many league championships did Arsenal win in the 1930s? Answer: five Question: What was Arsenal's league position ranking at the end of the last century? Answer: highest average Question: Who was the second club from the south of England to join The Football League? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who has accumulated the most points? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what division was Arsenal in 1893? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many League Championships has Arsenal won in all? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many FA Cup Doubles has Arsenal won since 2005? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The Dominican friars quickly spread, including to England, where they appeared in Oxford in 1221. In the 13th century the order reached all classes of Christian society, fought heresy, schism, and paganism by word and book, and by its missions to the north of Europe, to Africa, and Asia passed beyond the frontiers of Christendom. Its schools spread throughout the entire Church; its doctors wrote monumental works in all branches of knowledge, including the extremely important Albertus Magnus and Thomas Aquinas. Its members included popes, cardinals, bishops, legates, inquisitors, confessors of princes, ambassadors, and paciarii (enforcers of the peace decreed by popes or councils). The order was appointed by Pope Gregory IX the duty to carry out the Inquisition. In his Papal Bull Ad extirpanda of 1252, Pope Innocent IV authorised the Dominicans' use of torture under prescribed circumstances. Question: What European country did the Dominican Friars quickly expand to? Answer: England Question: What British university did the Dominican Friars appear in? Answer: Oxford Question: What did the Dominican Order fight against? Answer: paganism Question: What is one branch of knowledge that the Dominican Order created works in? Answer: Thomas Aquinas Question: Who appointed the Dominican Order to begin the inquisition? Answer: Pope Gregory IX Question: What order did not quickly spread through England? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What happened to the order in the 14th century? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What French university did the Dominican friars appear in? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What are the three branches of knowledge that the Dominican Order created works in? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who appointed the Benedictine Order to begin the inquisition? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: To the south, the Sahara is bounded by the Sahel, a belt of dry tropical savanna with a summer rainy season that extends across Africa from east to west. The southern limit of the Sahara is indicated botanically by the southern limit of Cornulaca monacantha (a drought-tolerant member of the Chenopodiaceae), or northern limit of Cenchrus biflorus, a grass typical of the Sahel. According to climatic criteria, the southern limit of the Sahara corresponds to the 150 mm (5.9 in) isohyet of annual precipitation (this is a long-term average, since precipitation varies annually). Question: What is to the south of the Sahara? Answer: Sahel Question: What kind of climate does the Sahel have? Answer: dry tropical Question: What is the long term precipitation average of the Sahara? Answer: 150 mm Question: What type of Savanah is north and south of the Sahara Answer: Unanswerable Question: What drought tolerant plant grows south of the Sahara? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What type of grass grows on the northern Shara? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How much rain does the Sahara get? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is to the north of the Sahara? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the Cenchrus biflorus a member of? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the short term southern limit of the Sahara's precipitation? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What extends across Africa from north to south? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What type of grass is atypical to the Sahel? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The Paris region hosts France's highest concentration of the grandes écoles – 55 specialised centres of higher-education outside the public university structure. The prestigious public universities are usually considered grands établissements. Most of the grandes écoles were relocated to the suburbs of Paris in the 1960s and 1970s, in new campuses much larger than the old campuses within the crowded city of Paris, though the École Normale Supérieure has remained on rue d'Ulm in the 5th arrondissement. There are a high number of engineering schools, led by the Paris Institute of Technology which comprises several colleges such as École Polytechnique, École des Mines, AgroParisTech, Télécom Paris, Arts et Métiers, and École des Ponts et Chaussées. There are also many business schools, including HEC, INSEAD, ESSEC, and ESCP Europe. The administrative school such as ENA has been relocated to Strasbourg, the political science school Sciences-Po is still located in Paris' 7th arrondissement and the most prestigious university of economics and finance, Paris-Dauphine, is located in Paris' 16th. The Parisian school of journalism CELSA department of the Paris-Sorbonne University is located in Neuilly-sur-Seine. Paris is also home to several of France's most famous high-schools such as Lycée Louis-le-Grand, Lycée Henri-IV, Lycée Janson de Sailly and Lycée Condorcet. The National Institute of Sport and Physical Education, located in the 12th arrondissement, is both a physical education institute and high-level training centre for elite athletes. Question: How many centres of higher education are in Paris? Answer: 55 Question: During which time frame were most grandes ecoles relocated? Answer: 1960s and 1970s Question: Where is ENA located? Answer: Strasbourg, Question: Where is CESLA located? Answer: Neuilly-sur-Seine
Context: In the 20th century, Portugal engaged in two major conflicts: World War I and the Portuguese Colonial War (1961–1974). After the end of the Portuguese Empire in 1975, the Portuguese Armed Forces have participated in peacekeeping missions in East Timor, Bosnia, Kosovo, Afghanistan, Somalia, Iraq (Nasiriyah) and Lebanon. Portugal also conducted several independent unilateral military operations abroad, as were the cases of the interventions of the Portuguese Armed Forces in Angola in 1992 and in Guinea-Bissau in 1998 with the main objectives of protecting and withdrawing of Portuguese and foreign citizens threatened by local civil conflicts. Question: In what two major conflicts did Portugal engage in during the 20th century? Answer: World War I and the Portuguese Colonial War Question: During which years was the Portuguese Colonial War fought? Answer: 1961–1974 Question: In what countries have the Portuguese Armed Forces participated in peacekeeping missions? Answer: East Timor, Bosnia, Kosovo, Afghanistan, Somalia, Iraq (Nasiriyah) and Lebanon Question: What are two examples of independent Portuguese unilateral military operations conducted abroad? Answer: Angola in 1992 and in Guinea-Bissau in 1998
Context: The first task of a database designer is to produce a conceptual data model that reflects the structure of the information to be held in the database. A common approach to this is to develop an entity-relationship model, often with the aid of drawing tools. Another popular approach is the Unified Modeling Language. A successful data model will accurately reflect the possible state of the external world being modeled: for example, if people can have more than one phone number, it will allow this information to be captured. Designing a good conceptual data model requires a good understanding of the application domain; it typically involves asking deep questions about the things of interest to an organisation, like "can a customer also be a supplier?", or "if a product is sold with two different forms of packaging, are those the same product or different products?", or "if a plane flies from New York to Dubai via Frankfurt, is that one flight or two (or maybe even three)?". The answers to these questions establish definitions of the terminology used for entities (customers, products, flights, flight segments) and their relationships and attributes. Question: What should a conceptual data model do? Answer: reflects the structure of the information to be held Question: What makes a successful data model? Answer: accurately reflect the possible state of the external world being modeled Question: What must one understand in order to create a successful data model? Answer: the application domain Question: Asking questions about an organization's needs will help to create what? Answer: definitions of the terminology used for entities Question: What does a conceptual data model never do? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What data model is no longer a popular approach? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What must one have no knowledge of in order to create a successful data model? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who is not allowed to produce a conceptual data model? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What involves asking shallow questions to improve a data model? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The first web browser was invented in 1990 by Sir Tim Berners-Lee. Berners-Lee is the director of the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), which oversees the Web's continued development, and is also the founder of the World Wide Web Foundation. His browser was called WorldWideWeb and later renamed Nexus. Question: When was the first browser created? Answer: 1990 Question: Who invented the first browser? Answer: Sir Tim Berners-Lee Question: What was Berners-Lee a director of? Answer: the World Wide Web Consortium Question: What organization did Berners-Lee create? Answer: World Wide Web Foundation Question: When did Sir Tim Berners Le invent the WWW? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was the W3C later renamed? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What does WordWideweb oversee? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What group did Nexus start? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did Nexus invent in 1990? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Stepper motors can be rotated to a specific angle in discrete steps with ease, and hence stepper motors are used for read/write head positioning in computer floppy diskette drives. They were used for the same purpose in pre-gigabyte era computer disk drives, where the precision and speed they offered was adequate for the correct positioning of the read/write head of a hard disk drive. As drive density increased, the precision and speed limitations of stepper motors made them obsolete for hard drives—the precision limitation made them unusable, and the speed limitation made them uncompetitive—thus newer hard disk drives use voice coil-based head actuator systems. (The term "voice coil" in this connection is historic; it refers to the structure in a typical (cone type) loudspeaker. This structure was used for a while to position the heads. Modern drives have a pivoted coil mount; the coil swings back and forth, something like a blade of a rotating fan. Nevertheless, like a voice coil, modern actuator coil conductors (the magnet wire) move perpendicular to the magnetic lines of force.) Question: Why were stepper motors abandoned in computer drive designs? Answer: precision and speed limitations Question: What do newer computer drives use instead of stepper motors? Answer: voice coil-based head actuator systems Question: In what direction do modern coil actuators move? Answer: perpendicular to the magnetic lines of force Question: To what device does the term, "voice coil" historically refer? Answer: the structure in a typical (cone type) loudspeaker Question: Why weren't stepper motors abandoned in computer drive designs? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What don't newer computer drives use instead of stepper motors? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what direction don't modern coil actuators move? Answer: Unanswerable Question: To what device does the term, "voice coil" not historically refer? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Chinese characters are primarily morphosyllabic, meaning that most Chinese morphemes are monosyllabic and are written with a single character, though in modern Chinese most words are disyllabic and dimorphemic, consisting of two syllables, each of which is a morpheme. In modern Chinese 10% of morphemes only occur as part of a given compound. However, a few morphemes are disyllabic, some of them dating back to Classical Chinese. Excluding foreign loan words, these are typically words for plants and small animals. They are usually written with a pair of phono-semantic compound characters sharing a common radical. Examples are 蝴蝶 húdié "butterfly" and 珊瑚 shānhú "coral". Note that the 蝴 hú of húdié and the 瑚 hú of shānhú have the same phonetic, 胡, but different radicals ("insect" and "jade", respectively). Neither exists as an independent morpheme except as a poetic abbreviation of the disyllabic word. Question: What are primarily morphosyllabic? Answer: Chinese characters Question: What are written with a single character? Answer: Chinese morphemes Question: What have the same phonetic, but different radicals? Answer: 蝴 hú of húdié and the 瑚 hú of shānhú
Context: The fauna in the state is just as diverse as the flora and varies greatly due to the large contrast in climates. In the mountain zone of the state the most observed mammals are: Mexican fox squirrel (Sciurus nayaritensis), antelope jackrabbit (Lepus alleni), raccoon (Procyon lotor), hooded skunk (Mephitis macroura), wild boar (Sus scrofa), collared peccary (Pecari tajacu), white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus), mule deer Odocoileus hemionus, American bison Bison bison, cougar (Puma concolor), eastern cottontail Sylvilagus floridanus, North American porcupine Erethizon dorsatum, bobcat Lynx rufus, Mexican wolf Canis lupus baileyi, and coyote Canis latrans. American black bear Ursus americanus is also found but in very small numbers. The Mexican wolf, once abundant, has been extirpated. The main cause of degradation has been grazing. Although there are many reptilian species in the mountains the most observed species include: Northern Mexican pine snake, Pituophis deppei jani, Texas horned lizard (Phrynosoma cornutum), rock rattlesnake (Crotalus lepidus), black-tailed rattlesnake (Crotalus molossus), and plateau tiger salamander Ambystoma velasci, one of possibly many amphibians to be found in the mountains. Question: Canis latrans is what animal? Answer: coyote Question: Ursus Americanus is what animal that is found in relatively small numbers? Answer: American black bear Question: The main cause of degradation has been what? Answer: grazing Question: What type of snake is most popular in the region with many different species? Answer: rattlesnake
Context: Three of Europe's major languages are official in Switzerland. Swiss culture is characterised by diversity, which is reflected in a wide range of traditional customs. A region may be in some ways strongly culturally connected to the neighbouring country that shares its language, the country itself being rooted in western European culture. The linguistically isolated Romansh culture in Graubünden in eastern Switzerland constitutes an exception, it survives only in the upper valleys of the Rhine and the Inn and strives to maintain its rare linguistic tradition. Question: What culture is linguistically isolated from the rest of Switzerland? Answer: Romansh Question: Where is the Romansh culture located? Answer: in Graubünden in eastern Switzerland Question: How many of Europe's major languages are official in Switzerland? Answer: Three
Context: Hokkien /hɒˈkiɛn/ (traditional Chinese: 福建話; simplified Chinese: 福建话; pinyin: Fújiànhuà; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Hok-kiàn oē) or Quanzhang (Quanzhou–Zhangzhou / Chinchew–Changchew; BP: Zuánziū–Ziāngziū) is a group of mutually intelligible Min Nan Chinese dialects spoken throughout Southeast Asia, Taiwan, and by many other overseas Chinese. Hokkien originated from a dialect in southern Fujian. It is closely related to the Teochew, though mutual comprehension is difficult, and is somewhat more distantly related to Hainanese. Besides Hokkien, there are also other Min and Hakka dialects in Fujian province, most of which are not mutually intelligible with Hokkien. Question: Where is Hokkien spoken? Answer: Southeast Asia Question: Where did Hokkien originate? Answer: southern Fujian Question: What language is Hokkien closely related to? Answer: Teochew Question: What language is Hokkien distantly related to? Answer: Hainanese Question: Min and Hakka dialects are found where? Answer: Fujian province Question: What language is only spoken in Southeast Asia and Taiwan? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What language developed in southern Fuji? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What language is Hokkien unrelatated to? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What language is Hainanese closely related to? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What type of dialects are found in Fuji Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where did Hainese originate? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What dialect is Min closely related to? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where is the Fujian dialect spoken? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What happens if you speak Hokkien and its close relative Hakka? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What language is Min Nan distantly related to? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Its mission is to provide high quality education, training and research in the areas of science and technology to produce qualified professionals that can apply their knowledge and skills in the country's development. Question: If the mission is achieved, professionals will apply what they've learned to what goal? Answer: the country's development
Context: Poland's nobility were also more numerous than those of all other European countries, constituting some 10–12% of the total population of historic Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth also some 10–12% among ethnic Poles on ethnic Polish lands (part of Commonwealth), but up to 25% of all Poles worldwide (szlachta could dispose more of resources to travels and/or conquering), while in some poorer regions (e.g., Mazowsze, the area centred on Warsaw) nearly 30%. However, according to szlachta comprised around 8% of the total population in 1791 (up from 6.6% in the 16th century), and no more than 16% of the Roman Catholic (mostly ethnically Polish) population. It should be noted, though, that Polish szlachta usually incorporated most local nobility from the areas that were absorbed by Poland–Lithuania (Ruthenian boyars, Livonian nobles, etc.) By contrast, the nobilities of other European countries, except for Spain, amounted to a mere 1–3%, however the era of sovereign rules of Polish nobility ended earlier than in other countries (excluding France) yet in 1795 (see: Partitions of Poland), since then their legitimation and future fate depended on legislature and procedures of Russian Empire, Kingdom of Prussia or Habsburg Monarchy. Gradually their privileges were under further limitations to be completely dissolved by March Constitution of Poland in 1921. Question: How much of the total population was polish common wealth? Answer: 10–12% Question: IN 1791 how much did the szalchta comprimise the total population? Answer: 8% Question: Polish szlachta usually incorporated who? Answer: most local nobility from the areas that were absorbed by Poland–Lithuania Question: How many nobilities made up other European countries besides poland lithuania? Answer: 1–3% Question: What dissolved the priveleges of Russian Empire, Kingdom of Prussia or Habsburg Monarchy? Answer: March Constitution of Poland
Context: Another extreme case of impedance matching occurs when using a small loop antenna (usually, but not always, for receiving) at a relatively low frequency where it appears almost as a pure inductor. Resonating such an inductor with a capacitor at the frequency of operation not only cancels the reactance but greatly magnifies the very small radiation resistance of such a loop.[citation needed] This is implemented in most AM broadcast receivers, with a small ferrite loop antenna resonated by a capacitor which is varied along with the receiver tuning in order to maintain resonance over the AM broadcast band Question: What magnifies the small radiation resistance of a loop? Answer: a capacitor at the frequency of operation Question: What is used in most AM broadcaster receivers? Answer: loop Question: What is resonated by a capacitor along with the receiver tuning that maintains resonance over the AM broadcast band? Answer: small ferrite loop antenna Question: When using a small loop antenna at a low frequency, what may occur? Answer: impedance matching
Context: In his 2004 presidential campaign, Kerry criticized George W. Bush for the Iraq War. He and his running mate, North Carolina Senator John Edwards, lost the election, finishing 35 electoral votes behind Bush and Vice President Dick Cheney. Kerry returned to the Senate, becoming Chairman of the Senate Committee on Small Business and Entrepreneurship in 2007 and then of the Foreign Relations Committee in 2009. In January 2013, Kerry was nominated by President Barack Obama to succeed outgoing Secretary of State Hillary Clinton and then confirmed by the U.S. Senate, assuming the office on February 1, 2013. Question: When did Kerry run for president? Answer: 2004 Question: Who was Kerry's running mate? Answer: John Edwards Question: How much did Kerry lose by? Answer: 35 electoral votes Question: Who was Bush's running mate? Answer: Dick Cheney
Context: Jan Joosten van Lodensteijn (1556?–1623?), a Dutch colleague of Adams' on their ill-fated voyage to Japan in the ship De Liefde, was also given similar privileges by Tokugawa Ieyasu. It appears Joosten became a samurai[citation needed] and was given a residence within Ieyasu's castle at Edo. Today, this area at the east exit of Tokyo Station is known as Yaesu (八重洲). Yaesu is a corruption of the Dutchman's Japanese name, Yayousu (耶楊子). Also in common with Adam's, Joostens was given a Red Seal Ship (朱印船) allowing him to trade between Japan and Indo-China. On a return journey from Batavia Joosten drowned after his ship ran aground. Question: What nationality was Jan Joosten van Lodensteijn? Answer: Dutch Question: Around when was Jan Joosten van Lodensteijn born? Answer: 1556 Question: What was Jan Joosten van Lodensteijn's Japanese name? Answer: Yayousu Question: What permission allowed trade between Japan and Indo-China? Answer: a Red Seal Ship Question: How did Jan Joosten van Lodensteijn die? Answer: drowned after his ship ran aground
Context: Many major battles of the American Civil War were fought in Tennessee—most of them Union victories. Ulysses S. Grant and the U.S. Navy captured control of the Cumberland and Tennessee rivers in February 1862. They held off the Confederate counterattack at Shiloh in April. Memphis fell to the Union in June, following a naval battle on the Mississippi River in front of the city. The Capture of Memphis and Nashville gave the Union control of the western and middle sections; this control was confirmed at the Battle of Murfreesboro in early January 1863 and by the subsequent Tullahoma Campaign. Question: Which side won more Civil War battles in Tennessee? Answer: Union Question: Which Union commander seized control of the Tennessee River in February 1862? Answer: Ulysses S. Grant Question: During which month in 1862 did Union forces capture Memphis? Answer: June Question: Union control of Middle Tennessee was reaffirmed by what battle in January 1863? Answer: Battle of Murfreesboro
Context: The 1-mile-long (2 km) Breakwater in Plymouth Sound was designed by John Rennie in order to protect the fleet moving in and out of Devonport; work started in 1812. Numerous technical difficulties and repeated storm damage meant that it was not completed until 1841, twenty years after Rennie's death. In the 1860s, a ring of Palmerston forts was constructed around the outskirts of Devonport, to protect the dockyard from attack from any direction. Question: In kilometers, how long was the Plymouth Sound Breakwater? Answer: 2 Question: Who was the designer of the Plymouth Sound Breakwater? Answer: John Rennie Question: In what year did construction finish on the Plymouth Sound Breakwater? Answer: 1841 Question: When did construction commence on Plymouth Sound Breakwater? Answer: 1812 Question: Near which settlement were Palmerston forts built in the 1860s? Answer: Devonport
Context: The importation of slaves was made illegal in 1792. Governor Robert Patton (1802–1807) recommended that the company import Chinese labour to supplement the rural workforce. The coolie labourers arrived in 1810, and their numbers reached 600 by 1818. Many were allowed to stay, and their descendents became integrated into the population. An 1814 census recorded 3,507 people on the island. Question: What was made illegal in 1792? Answer: importation of slaves Question: What year did Coolie labourers arrive? Answer: 1810 Question: How many coolie labourers were on the island by 1818? Answer: 600 Question: What was the population of the island in 1814? Answer: 3,507
Context: Primary resistance occurs when a person becomes infected with a resistant strain of TB. A person with fully susceptible MTB may develop secondary (acquired) resistance during therapy because of inadequate treatment, not taking the prescribed regimen appropriately (lack of compliance), or using low-quality medication. Drug-resistant TB is a serious public health issue in many developing countries, as its treatment is longer and requires more expensive drugs. MDR-TB is defined as resistance to the two most effective first-line TB drugs: rifampicin and isoniazid. Extensively drug-resistant TB is also resistant to three or more of the six classes of second-line drugs. Totally drug-resistant TB is resistant to all currently used drugs. It was first observed in 2003 in Italy, but not widely reported until 2012, and has also been found in Iran and India. Bedaquiline is tentatively supported for use in multiple drug-resistant TB. Question: If a person has TB that's resistant to rifampicin and isoniazid, which type of the disease do they have? Answer: MDR-TB Question: What's the minimum number of second-line medication classes your TB would have to resist to make it count as "extensively drug-resistant"? Answer: three Question: In what country was the first case of totally drug-resistant tuberculosis? Answer: Italy Question: What's the only antibiotic that might be effective against totally drug-resistant TB? Answer: Bedaquiline Question: Cases of totally drug-resistant TB have been found in what country in addition to Italy and India? Answer: Iran Question: Someone who is not susceptible to MTP develops what? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is low-quality medication an example of a lack of? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was first reported in Iran? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When was MDR-TB first observed? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where was bedaquiline created? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The first favours a primordialist approach which takes the sense of self and belonging to a collective group as a fixed thing, defined by objective criteria such as common ancestry and common biological characteristics. The second, rooted in social constructionist theory, takes the view that identity is formed by a predominantly political choice of certain characteristics. In so doing, it questions the idea that identity is a natural given, characterised by fixed, supposedly objective criteria. Both approaches need to be understood in their respective political and historical contexts, characterised by debate on issues of class, race and ethnicity. While they have been criticized, they continue to exert an influence on approaches to the conceptualisation of identity today. Question: What approach takes the sense of self and belonging as a fixed thing? Answer: a primordialist approach Question: The view that identity is based on a political choice of characteristics is rooted in what theory? Answer: social constructionist theory Question: Primordialist and social constructionist views need to be understood in what contexts? Answer: political and historical contexts Question: What approach takes the sense of self and as a changing thing? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What theory says that political choice is based on identity characteristics? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What influences primordalist and social constructionist views Answer: Unanswerable Question: primordalist and social constructionist views need to be viewed outside of what? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What have primordalist and social constructionist views stopped exerting influence on? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The word "emotion" dates back to 1579, when it was adapted from the French word émouvoir, which means "to stir up". The term emotion was introduced into academic discussion to replace passion. According to one dictionary, the earliest precursors of the word likely dates back to the very origins of language. The modern word emotion is heterogeneous In some uses of the word, emotions are intense feelings that are directed at someone or something. On the other hand, emotion can be used to refer to states that are mild (as in annoyed or content) and to states that are not directed at anything (as in anxiety and depression). One line of research thus looks at the meaning of the word emotion in everyday language and this usage is rather different from that in academic discourse. Another line of research asks about languages other than English, and one interesting finding is that many languages have a similar but not identical term Question: When did the word emotion enter the English language? Answer: 1579 Question: From what French word is emotion derived? Answer: émouvoir Question: What does émouvoir mean in English? Answer: to stir up Question: Prior to the introduction of the word emotion, what word was used in its place? Answer: passion Question: Along with anxiety, what is an example of directionless emotion? Answer: depression Question: When did the word emotion leave the English language? Answer: Unanswerable Question: From what English word is emotion derived? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What does émouvoir mean in Italian? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Prior to the introduction of the word emotion, what word wasn't used in its place? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Along with anxiety, what is not an example of directionless emotion? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: In 2010, Forbes evaluated Barcelona's worth to be around €752 million (USD $1 billion), ranking them fourth after Manchester United, Real Madrid, and Arsenal, based on figures from the 2008–09 season. According to Deloitte, Barcelona had a recorded revenue of €366 million in the same period, ranking second to Real Madrid, who generated €401 million in revenue. In 2013, Forbes magazine ranked Barcelona the third most valuable sports team in the world, behind Real Madrid and Manchester United, with a value of $2.6 billion. In 2014, Forbes ranked them the second most valuable sports team in the world, worth $3.2 billion, and Deloitte ranked them the world's fourth richest football club in terms of revenue, with an annual turnover of €484.6 million. Question: What did Forbes say Barcelona was worth in 2010? Answer: €752 million Question: In what place does the Forbes ranking put Barcelona? Answer: fourth Question: Besides Real Madrid and Arsenal,what other team is ahead of Barcelona in worth ranking? Answer: Manchester United Question: What was Barcelona's revenue in 2010? Answer: €366 million Question: Where in 2014 did Forbes rank Barcelona as to how valuable a sports team they are? Answer: second
Context: Florey and Chain succeeded in purifying the first penicillin, penicillin G, in 1942, but it did not become widely available outside the Allied military before 1945. Later, Norman Heatley developed the back extraction technique for efficiently purifying penicillin in bulk. The chemical structure of penicillin was determined by Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin in 1945. Purified penicillin displayed potent antibacterial activity against a wide range of bacteria and had low toxicity in humans. Furthermore, its activity was not inhibited by biological constituents such as pus, unlike the synthetic sulfonamides. The discovery of such a powerful antibiotic was unprecedented, and the development of penicillin led to renewed interest in the search for antibiotic compounds with similar efficacy and safety. For their successful development of penicillin, which Fleming had accidentally discovered but could not develop himself, as a therapeutic drug, Ernst Chain and Howard Florey shared the 1945 Nobel Prize in Medicine with Fleming. Florey credited Dubos with pioneering the approach of deliberately and systematically searching for antibacterial compounds, which had led to the discovery of gramicidin and had revived Florey's research in penicillin. Question: When was penicillin G first purified? Answer: 1942 Question: When did penicillin G become available outside of military use? Answer: 1945 Question: Who came up with a way to quickly produce penicillin? Answer: Norman Heatley Question: When was the chemical make-up of penicillin discovered? Answer: 1945 Question: Who discovered the chemical structure of penicillin? Answer: Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin Question: When was the Nobel Prize first Purified? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When did penicillin G become available as a therapeudic drug? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who came up with a way to quickly produce pus? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When was the chemical make-up of bacteria discovered? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who discovered the chemical structure of bacteria? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: In 1901, the Federation of Australia was the process by which the six separate British self-governing colonies of New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria and Western Australia formed one nation. They kept the systems of government that they had developed as separate colonies but also would have a federal government that was responsible for matters concerning the whole nation. When the Constitution of Australia came into force, the colonies collectively became states of the Commonwealth of Australia. Question: What is the federation of Australia? Answer: six separate British self-governing colonies of New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria and Western Australia formed one nation. Question: What was the federal Government responsible for? Answer: matters concerning the whole nation. Question: When did the colonies collectively become a part of the Commonwealth of Australia? Answer: When the Constitution of Australia came into force
Context: During the early 2000s, the USAF fumbled several high profile aircraft procurement projects, such as the missteps on the KC-X program. Winslow Wheeler has written that this pattern represents "failures of intellect and – much more importantly – ethics." As a result, the USAF fleet is setting new records for average aircraft age and needs to replace its fleets of fighters, bombers, airborne tankers, and airborne warning aircraft, in an age of restrictive defense budgets. Finally in the midst of scandal and failure in maintaining its nuclear arsenal, the civilian and military leaders of the air force were replaced in 2008. Question: When did the USAF have several missteps of aircraft procurement projects? Answer: early 2000s Question: Who wrote that these aircraft procurement projects were a failure of intellect and ethics? Answer: Winslow Wheeler Question: When were the military leaders replaced after a scandal over failure to maintain its nuclear arsenal? Answer: 2008
Context: Historians trace the earliest church labeled Baptist back to 1609 in Amsterdam, with English Separatist John Smyth as its pastor. In accordance with his reading of the New Testament, he rejected baptism of infants and instituted baptism only of believing adults. Baptist practice spread to England, where the General Baptists considered Christ's atonement to extend to all people, while the Particular Baptists believed that it extended only to the elect. In 1638, Roger Williams established the first Baptist congregation in the North American colonies. In the mid-18th century, the First Great Awakening increased Baptist growth in both New England and the South. The Second Great Awakening in the South in the early 19th century increased church membership, as did the preachers' lessening of support for abolition and manumission of slavery, which had been part of the 18th-century teachings. Baptist missionaries have spread their church to every continent. Question: Where was the earliest Baptist church founded? Answer: Amsterdam Question: Who was the pastor of the first Baptist church? Answer: John Smyth Question: Who believed that Christ's atonement was for everyone? Answer: General Baptists Question: Who founded the first Baptist group in what is now the United States? Answer: Roger Williams Question: Who has spread the teachings of the Baptists to each continent? Answer: Baptist missionaries
Context: The older 78 format continued to be mass-produced alongside the newer formats using new materials until about 1960 in the U.S., and in a few countries, such as India (where some Beatles recordings were issued on 78), into the 1960s. For example, Columbia Records' last reissue of Frank Sinatra songs on 78 rpm records was an album called Young at Heart, issued November 1, 1954. As late as the 1970s, some children's records were released at the 78 rpm speed. In the United Kingdom, the 78 rpm single lasted longer than in the United States and the 45 rpm took longer to become popular. The 78 rpm was overtaken in popularity by the 45 rpm in the late 1950s, as teenagers became increasingly affluent. Question: When did the 45 rpm gain popularity over the 78 rpm Answer: 1950s Question: With which crowd did the 45 rpm gain popularity? Answer: teenagers Question: At which time were the 79 rpm no longer mass produced? Answer: about 1960 Question: On which date did Columbia release it's last 78? Answer: November 1, 1954. Question: What was the last country to phase out the 78 rpm? Answer: United Kingdom
Context: Under the doctrine of Erie Railroad Co. v. Tompkins (1938), there is no general federal common law. Although federal courts can create federal common law in the form of case law, such law must be linked one way or another to the interpretation of a particular federal constitutional provision, statute, or regulation (which in turn was enacted as part of the Constitution or after). Federal courts lack the plenary power possessed by state courts to simply make up law, which the latter are able to do in the absence of constitutional or statutory provisions replacing the common law. Only in a few narrow limited areas, like maritime law, has the Constitution expressly authorized the continuation of English common law at the federal level (meaning that in those areas federal courts can continue to make law as they see fit, subject to the limitations of stare decisis). Question: What states that there is no general federal common law? Answer: the doctrine of Erie Railroad Co. v. Tompkins Question: When was the doctrine of Erie Railroad Co. v. Tompkins put into effect? Answer: 1938 Question: Why can't federal courts just make up law? Answer: lack the plenary power possessed by state courts Question: When are states allowed to use plenary power? Answer: absence of constitutional or statutory provisions replacing the common law Question: Who won Erie Railroad Co. v. Tompkins? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When was the Erie Railroad Co. v. Tompkins rescinded? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What type of power do Federal courts have that state courts do not? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is an example of a law that is not an extension of English common law? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Maritime law is not subject to what limitation? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Nakamura was awarded the 2006 Millennium Technology Prize for his invention. Nakamura, Hiroshi Amano and Isamu Akasaki were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 2014 for the invention of the blue LED. In 2015, a US court ruled that three companies (i.e. the litigants who had not previously settled out of court) that had licensed Mr. Nakamura's patents for production in the United States had infringed Dr. Moustakas's prior patent, and order them to pay licensing fees of not less than 13 million USD. Question: What Nobel Prize did Nakamura, Amano, and Akasaki receive in 2014? Answer: Physics Question: What award did Nakamura receive in 2006 for his invention? Answer: Millennium Technology Prize Question: How many companies did a judge say infringed on Dr. Moustakas's prior blue light patent in 2015? Answer: three Question: What was the fine given to the three companies? Answer: not less than 13 million USD Question: What Nobel Prize did Nakamura, Amano, and Akasaki receive in 2013? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What award did Nakamura receive in 2016 for his invention? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many companies did a judge say infringed on Dr. Moustakas's prior red light patent in 2015? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was the fine given to the four companies? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: On September 27, 2010, Public Safety Canada partnered with STOP.THINK.CONNECT, a coalition of non-profit, private sector, and government organizations dedicated to informing the general public on how to protect themselves online. On February 4, 2014, the Government of Canada launched the Cyber Security Cooperation Program. The program is a $1.5 million five-year initiative aimed at improving Canada’s cyber systems through grants and contributions to projects in support of this objective. Public Safety Canada aims to begin an evaluation of Canada's Cyber Security Strategy in early 2015. Public Safety Canada administers and routinely updates the GetCyberSafe portal for Canadian citizens, and carries out Cyber Security Awareness Month during October. Question: When did Public Safety Canada partner with Stop.Think. Connect? Answer: September 27, 2010 Question: When was the Cyber Security Cooperation Program launched by the Government of Canada? Answer: February 4, 2014 Question: Who routinely updates the GetCyberSafe portal for Canadian citizens? Answer: Public Safety Canada Question: What month is Cyber Security Awareness Month? Answer: October Question: How much does the Cyber Security Cooperation Program cost? Answer: $1.5 million Question: STOP.THINK.CONNECT is what kind of organization? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What type of grants were given out by the Canadian Government? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What does the Cyber Security Cooperation monitor? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Why is there a cyber security month? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How are people protected online? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When was STOP.THINK.CONNECT created? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How expensive is the GetCyberSafe portal? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When was the Cyber Security Cooperation Program shut down? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When was the GetCyberSafe portal created? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When is the international Cyber Security Awareness month? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Numerous indigenous peoples occupied Alaska for thousands of years before the arrival of European peoples to the area. Linguistic and DNA studies done here have provided evidence for the settlement of North America by way of the Bering land bridge.[citation needed] The Tlingit people developed a society with a matrilineal kinship system of property inheritance and descent in what is today Southeast Alaska, along with parts of British Columbia and the Yukon. Also in Southeast were the Haida, now well known for their unique arts. The Tsimshian people came to Alaska from British Columbia in 1887, when President Grover Cleveland, and later the U.S. Congress, granted them permission to settle on Annette Island and found the town of Metlakatla. All three of these peoples, as well as other indigenous peoples of the Pacific Northwest Coast, experienced smallpox outbreaks from the late 18th through the mid-19th century, with the most devastating epidemics occurring in the 1830s and 1860s, resulting in high fatalities and social disruption. Question: Which President allowed Tsimshian settlers to inhabit Annette Island? Answer: Grover Cleveland Question: In what year did the Tsimshian people arrive in Alaska? Answer: 1887 Question: What epidemic resulted in numerous deaths between the 1830s and 1860s? Answer: smallpox Question: Which Alaskan indigenous group is now well-known for their art? Answer: the Haida Question: Which President disallowed Tsimshian settlers to inhabit Annette Island? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which President allowed Tsimshian settlers not to inhabit Annette Island? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what year didn't the Tsimshian people arrive in Alaska? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What epidemic resulted in numerous deaths between the 1830s and 1870s? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which Alaskan indigenous group is not well-known for their art? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The appearance of more systematic, abstract thinking is another notable aspect of cognitive development during adolescence. For example, adolescents find it easier than children to comprehend the sorts of higher-order abstract logic inherent in puns, proverbs, metaphors, and analogies. Their increased facility permits them to appreciate the ways in which language can be used to convey multiple messages, such as satire, metaphor, and sarcasm. (Children younger than age nine often cannot comprehend sarcasm at all.) This also permits the application of advanced reasoning and logical processes to social and ideological matters such as interpersonal relationships, politics, philosophy, religion, morality, friendship, faith, democracy, fairness, and honesty. Question: Do adolescents or children understand puns, proverbs, metaphors, and analogies most effectively? Answer: adolescents Question: Children under what age often cannot comprehend sarcasm? Answer: nine Question: Are puns, proverbs, metaphors, and analogies lower-order or higher-order logic? Answer: higher-order Question: The appearance of more systematic, abstract thinking is a notable aspect of what type of development during adolescence? Answer: cognitive
Context: Beginning in 1979, Nigerians participated in a brief return to democracy when Olusegun Obasanjo transferred power to the civilian regime of Shehu Shagari. The Shagari government became viewed as corrupt and incompetent by virtually all sectors of Nigerian society. The military coup of Muhammadu Buhari shortly after the regime's fraudulent re-election in 1984 was generally viewed as a positive development. Buhari promised major reforms, but his government fared little better than its predecessor. His regime was overthrown by another military coup in 1985. Question: Which Nigerian leader transferred power in 1979? Answer: Olusegun Obasanjo Question: Which Nigerian leader received power in 1979? Answer: Shehu Shagari Question: How did Nigerians view the Shagari administration? Answer: corrupt and incompetent Question: Who led a military coup against Shagari? Answer: Muhammadu Buhari Question: When did another military coup overthrow Buhari? Answer: 1985
Context: After an initial loss to Labor at the 1946 election, Menzies led the Liberals to victory at the 1949 election, and the party stayed in office for a record 23 years—still the longest unbroken run in government at the federal level. Australia experienced prolonged economic growth during the post-war boom period of the Menzies Government (1949–1966) and Menzies fulfilled his promises at the 1949 election to end rationing of butter, tea and petrol and provided a five-shilling endowment for first-born children, as well as for others. While himself an unashamed anglophile, Menzies' government concluded a number of major defence and trade treaties that set Australia on its post-war trajectory out of Britain's orbit; opened Australia to multi-ethnic immigration; and instigated important legal reforms regarding Aboriginal Australians. Question: How many years did the Liberals stay in office after the 1949 election? Answer: a record 23 years Question: What promises did Menzies make in the 1949 election? Answer: end rationing of butter, tea and petrol and provided a five-shilling endowment for first-born children Question: During what period did Australia experience long-term economic growth? Answer: the post-war boom period of the Menzies Government (1949–1966) Question: How many years did the Liberals stay in office after the 1966 election? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What promises did Menzies make in the 1966 election? Answer: Unanswerable Question: During what period did Australia experience long-term legal reforms regarding children? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who was an ashamed anglophile? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who fulfilled his promised at the 1966 election? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: In the United States, new pharmaceutical products must be approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as being both safe and effective. This process generally involves submission of an Investigational New Drug filing with sufficient pre-clinical data to support proceeding with human trials. Following IND approval, three phases of progressively larger human clinical trials may be conducted. Phase I generally studies toxicity using healthy volunteers. Phase II can include pharmacokinetics and dosing in patients, and Phase III is a very large study of efficacy in the intended patient population. Following the successful completion of phase III testing, a New Drug Application is submitted to the FDA. The FDA review the data and if the product is seen as having a positive benefit-risk assessment, approval to market the product in the US is granted. Question: The safety and efficacy of new drugs must be approved by what organization in the US? Answer: Food and Drug Administration Question: What type of filing is used before beginning human trials? Answer: Investigational New Drug Question: How many phases of human trials may be done after IND approval? Answer: three Question: What type of application is filed after completing three phases of human trials? Answer: New Drug Application Question: What type of risk assessment results in approving the drug to go on the market? Answer: positive benefit-risk Question: What organization in the US must approve the safety and efficacy of testing? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What type of filing is used before beginning risk assessment? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many phases of human trials may be done after review? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What type of application is filed after completing three phases of products? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What type of risk assessment results in approving the drug to go on to studies? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: In 2007, GameTrailers named the SNES as the second-best console of all time in their list of top ten consoles that "left their mark on the history of gaming", citing its graphic, sound, and library of top-quality games. In 2015, they also named it the best Nintendo console of all time, saying, "The list of games we love from this console completely annihilates any other roster from the Big N." Technology columnist Don Reisinger proclaimed "The SNES is the greatest console of all time" in January 2008, citing the quality of the games and the console's dramatic improvement over its predecessor; fellow technology columnist Will Greenwald replied with a more nuanced view, giving the SNES top marks with his heart, the NES with his head, and the PlayStation (for its controller) with his hands. GamingExcellence also gave the SNES first place in 2008, declaring it "simply the most timeless system ever created" with many games that stand the test of time and citing its innovation in controller design, graphics capabilities, and game storytelling. At the same time, GameDaily rated it fifth of ten for its graphics, audio, controllers, and games. In 2009, IGN named the Super Nintendo Entertainment System the fourth best video game console, complimenting its audio and "concentration of AAA titles". Question: Which publication said Nintendo's best console ever was the SNES? Answer: GameTrailers Question: Which writer said the SNES was the best console ever from any company? Answer: Don Reisinger Question: Where did GameTrailers rank the SNES among all consoles? Answer: second-best Question: Who said the SNES was "simply the most timeless system ever created"? Answer: GamingExcellence Question: Where did IGN rank the SNES? Answer: fourth best Question: Why did GameTrailers name the SNES second-best console of all time in 2008? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did Will Greenwald proclaim about the Playstation in 2009? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who said the Playstation was simply the most timeless system ever created? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Why did Big N. Technology rate the Playstation fifth of ten? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In 2007 how did GamingExcellence rate the NES? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The term financial innovation refers to the ongoing development of financial products designed to achieve particular client objectives, such as offsetting a particular risk exposure (such as the default of a borrower) or to assist with obtaining financing. Examples pertinent to this crisis included: the adjustable-rate mortgage; the bundling of subprime mortgages into mortgage-backed securities (MBS) or collateralized debt obligations (CDO) for sale to investors, a type of securitization; and a form of credit insurance called credit default swaps (CDS). The usage of these products expanded dramatically in the years leading up to the crisis. These products vary in complexity and the ease with which they can be valued on the books of financial institutions. Question: What term refers to the ongoing development of financial products? Answer: financial innovation Question: What is an example of financial innovation pertinent to the financial crisis? Answer: adjustable-rate mortgage Question: What is the abbreviation for a form of credit insurance called credit default swaps? Answer: CDS Question: What is the financial innovation that bundles subprime mortgages? Answer: mortgage-backed securities (MBS) Question: What happened to the usage of financial innovation products in the years leading up the financial crisis? Answer: expanded dramatically
Context: With an educational system made up of public school districts and independent private institutions, Oklahoma had 638,817 students enrolled in 1,845 public primary, secondary, and vocational schools in 533 school districts as of 2008[update]. Oklahoma has the highest enrollment of Native American students in the nation with 126,078 students in the 2009-10 school year. Ranked near the bottom of states in expenditures per student, Oklahoma spent $7,755 for each student in 2008, 47th in the nation, though its growth of total education expenditures between 1992 and 2002 ranked 22nd. Question: How many students were in Oklahoma's public schools in 2008? Answer: 638,817 Question: How many school districts are in Oklahoma? Answer: 533 Question: How many Native American students are in Oklahoma's public schools? Answer: 126,078 Question: What does Oklahoma spend per student in public schools as of 2008? Answer: $7,755 Question: How many public schools does Oklahoma have? Answer: 1,845
Context: Acting on State Secretary Acheson's recommendation, President Truman ordered General MacArthur to transfer matériel to the Army of the Republic of Korea while giving air cover to the evacuation of U.S. nationals. The President disagreed with advisers who recommended unilateral U.S. bombing of the North Korean forces, and ordered the US Seventh Fleet to protect the Republic of China (Taiwan), whose government asked to fight in Korea. The United States denied ROC's request for combat, lest it provoke a communist Chinese retaliation. Because the United States had sent the Seventh Fleet to "neutralize" the Taiwan Strait, Chinese premier Zhou Enlai criticized both the UN and U.S. initiatives as "armed aggression on Chinese territory." Question: What general provided material to the Republic of Korea and evacuated US nationals? Answer: General MacArthur Question: Who disagreed with the idea of unilaterally bombing the North Korean military? Answer: President Truman Question: What fleet was sent to the Taiwan Strait? Answer: US Seventh Fleet Question: Fearing the provocation of Communist China, what country's request for combat troops did the US deny? Answer: Republic of China Question: Who is the Chinese premier that called the actions of the US and the United Nations an act of aggression? Answer: Zhou Enlai
Context: Police development-aid to weak, failed or failing states is another form of transnational policing that has garnered attention. This form of transnational policing plays an increasingly important role in United Nations peacekeeping and this looks set to grow in the years ahead, especially as the international community seeks to develop the rule of law and reform security institutions in States recovering from conflict (Goldsmith and Sheptycki, 2007) With transnational police development-aid the imbalances of power between donors and recipients are stark and there are questions about the applicability and transportability of policing models between jurisdictions (Hills, 2009). Question: Where has transnational policing become more important? Answer: in United Nations peacekeeping Question: What kind of countries get assistance with policing? Answer: weak, failed or failing states Question: Who wrote about police development-aid in 2007? Answer: Goldsmith and Sheptycki Question: What concern did Hills raise about police models? Answer: there are questions about the applicability and transportability of policing models between jurisdictions Question: What concern did Hills raise about power imbalances? Answer: With transnational police development-aid the imbalances of power between donors and recipients are stark Question: Where has transnational policing become less important? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What kind of countries get no assistance with policing? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who wrote about police development-aid in 2006? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What concern did Hills ignore about police models? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What concern did Hills ignore about power imbalances? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: These statistics point to the complexities surrounding the lack of health/nutrition literacy and reveal the degree to which they are embedded in the social structure and interconnected with other problems. Among these problems are the lack of information about food choices, a lack of understanding of nutritional information and its application to individual circumstances, limited or difficult access to healthful foods, and a range of cultural influences and socioeconomic constraints such as low levels of education and high levels of poverty that decrease opportunities for healthful eating and living. Question: What did the studies show there was a lack of understanding of by the population? Answer: nutritional information Question: The studies indicated that there was a lack of information in the area about what kind of choice? Answer: food Question: What was found to be limited or at least difficult to get access to in the studied region? Answer: healthful foods Question: What kind of constraint was found to have a significant effect on the nutritional literacy? Answer: socioeconomic Question: Aside from large people living in poverty, what else is considered a socioeconomic constraint that resulted in a decrease in opportunity for healthy food choices? Answer: low levels of education
Context: The Alps are split into five climatic zones, each with different vegetation. The climate, plant life and animal life vary among the different sections or zones of the mountains. The lowest zone is the colline zone, which exists between 500 and 1,000 m (1,640 and 3,281 ft), depending on the location. The montane zone extends from 800 to 1,700 m (2,625 to 5,577 ft), followed by the sub-Alpine zone from 1,600 to 2,400 m (5,249 to 7,874 ft). The Alpine zone, extending from tree line to snow line, is followed by the glacial zone, which covers the glaciated areas of the mountain. Climatic conditions show variances within the same zones; for example, weather conditions at the head of a mountain valley, extending directly from the peaks, are colder and more severe than those at the mouth of a valley which tend to be less severe and receive less snowfall. Question: How many zones are the Alps split into? Answer: five climatic zones Question: What is the lowest zone of the Alps called? Answer: colline zone Question: Where does the lowest zone of the Alps exist? Answer: between 500 and 1,000 m Question: Where does the montane zone extend from? Answer: from 800 to 1,700 m Question: Where does the sub-Alpine zone extend from? Answer: from 1,600 to 2,400 m
Context: Other legal factors that have been implemented to end and reduce child labour includes the global response that came into force in 1979 by the declaration of the International Year of the Child. Along with the Human Rights Committee of the United Nations, these two declarations worked on many levels to eliminate child labour. Although many actions have been taken to end this epidemic, child labour in Africa is still an issue today due to the unclear definition of adolescence and how much time is needed for children to engage in activities that are crucial for their development. Another issue that often comes into play is the link between what constitutes as child labour within the household due to the cultural acceptance of children helping run the family business. In the end, there is a consistent challenge for the national government to strengthen its grip politically on child labour, and to increase education and awareness on the issue of children working below the legal age limit. With children playing an important role in the African economy, child labour still plays an important role for many in the 20th century. Question: What country is still an issue today with regards to child labour? Answer: Africa Question: What is an issue in Africa with child labour definitions? Answer: unclear definition of adolescence Question: In Africa what is a cultural acceptance with regards to child labour? Answer: children helping run the family business.
Context: The system was originally targeted for release in the spring of 1985, but the release date was pushed back. After test-marketing in the New York City area in late fall, retailers had reportedly stated the system "failed miserably".[contradictory] While others stated that Nintendo had an excellent nine-week market test in New York last fall Due to the moderate success launch in New York City, Nintendo tried a second time; the system was test-marketed further beginning in February 1986, with the nationwide release occurring in September 1986. Question: When was the system originally supposed to be released? Answer: spring of 1985 Question: Retailers in what test area reported a miserable failure of sales? Answer: New York City Question: When was the second time Nintendo test marketed the NES? Answer: February 1986 Question: When was the nationwide release of the NES? Answer: September 1986 Question: When was the system originally not supposed to be released? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Retailers in what test area reported a success of sales? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When was the first time Nintendo test marketed the NES? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When was the non-nationwide release of the NES? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The most important French fort planned was intended to occupy a position at "the Forks" where the Allegheny and Monongahela Rivers meet to form the Ohio River (present day Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania). Peaceful British attempts to halt this fort construction were unsuccessful, and the French proceeded to build the fort they named Fort Duquesne. British colonial militia from Virginia were then sent to drive them out. Led by George Washington, they ambushed a small French force at Jumonville Glen on 28 May 1754 killing ten, including commander Jumonville. The French retaliated by attacking Washington's army at Fort Necessity on 3 July 1754 and forced Washington to surrender. Question: Where did the French build Fort Duquesne? Answer: the Forks" where the Allegheny and Monongahela Rivers meet to form the Ohio River Question: What city is now located where Fort Duquesne was built? Answer: Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Question: Were the British successful in stopping the building of Fort Duquesne? Answer: British attempts to halt this fort construction were unsuccessful Question: Who led the British militia to drive the French out of Fort Duquesne? Answer: Led by George Washington Question: Where did the French for General George Washington's surrender? Answer: Fort Necessity
Context: The USAF's KC-135 and KC-10 aerial refueling aircraft are based on civilian jets. The USAF aircraft are equipped primarily for providing the fuel via a tail-mounted refueling boom, and can be equipped with "probe and drogue" refueling systems. Air-to-air refueling is extensively used in large-scale operations and also used in normal operations; fighters, bombers, and cargo aircraft rely heavily on the lesser-known "tanker" aircraft. This makes these aircraft an essential part of the Air Force's global mobility and the U.S. force projection. The KC-46A Pegasus is undergoing testing and is projected to be delivered to USAF units starting in 2017. Question: What kind of aircraft is the USAF's KC-135? Answer: aerial refueling aircraft Question: How does the aerial refueling aircraft supply fuel during flight? Answer: tail-mounted refueling boom Question: When is air-to-air refueling primarily used by the US Air Force? Answer: large-scale operations Question: What aircraft will be available for use by the US Air Force in 2017? Answer: KC-46A Pegasus
Context: At the start of John's reign there was a sudden change in prices, as bad harvests and high demand for food resulted in much higher prices for grain and animals. This inflationary pressure was to continue for the rest of the 13th century and had long-term economic consequences for England. The resulting social pressures were complicated by bursts of deflation that resulted from John's military campaigns. It was usual at the time for the king to collect taxes in silver, which was then re-minted into new coins; these coins would then be put in barrels and sent to royal castles around the country, to be used to hire mercenaries or to meet other costs. At those times when John was preparing for campaigns in Normandy, for example, huge quantities of silver had to be withdrawn from the economy and stored for months, which unintentionally resulted in periods during which silver coins were simply hard to come by, commercial credit difficult to acquire and deflationary pressure placed on the economy. The result was political unrest across the country. John attempted to address some of the problems with the English currency in 1204 and 1205 by carrying out a radical overhaul of the coinage, improving its quality and consistency. Question: What happened at the start of John's reign? Answer: sudden change in prices Question: How long did the inflationary pressure continue? Answer: 13th century Question: When did John address problems with the English currency? Answer: 1204 and 1205 Question: How did he address the problems with the English currency? Answer: carrying out a radical overhaul of the coinage
Context: Plants uptake essential elements from the soil through their roots and from the air (consisting of mainly nitrogen and oxygen) through their leaves. Green plants obtain their carbohydrate supply from the carbon dioxide in the air by the process of photosynthesis. Carbon and oxygen are absorbed from the air, while other nutrients are absorbed from the soil. Nutrient uptake in the soil is achieved by cation exchange, wherein root hairs pump hydrogen ions (H+) into the soil through proton pumps. These hydrogen ions displace cations attached to negatively charged soil particles so that the cations are available for uptake by the root. In the leaves, stomata open to take in carbon dioxide and expel oxygen. The carbon dioxide molecules are used as the carbon source in photosynthesis. Question: How do plants absorb essential elements that are present in the soil? Answer: through their roots Question: Having leaves allows plants to absorb nutrients through which medium? Answer: air Question: What is the process that plants undergo in order to obtain carbohydrates? Answer: photosynthesis Question: What is the process called in which plants gather nutrients from the soil around their roots? Answer: cation exchange Question: What part of the leaf in a plant takes in carbon dioxide and releases oxygen? Answer: stomata
Context: Modern font technology provides a means to address the practical issue of needing to depict a unified Han character in terms of a collection of alternative glyph representations, in the form of Unicode variation sequences. For example, the Advanced Typographic tables of OpenType permit one of a number of alternative glyph representations to be selected when performing the character to glyph mapping process. In this case, information can be provided within plain text to designate which alternate character form to select. Question: what tables of OpenType allow permit the selection of alternative glyph representations? Answer: Advanced Typographic Question: Where is information provided to designate which character form to select? Answer: plain text Question: How does modern font technology address the issue of depicting a Han character in alternate glyph representations? Answer: Unicode variation sequences Question: What has worsened the practical aspects of unification? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What prevents OpenType from having alternative glyphs? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What designates which alternate character to select? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Most mature clitellates (the group that includes earthworms and leeches) are full hermaphrodites, although in a few leech species younger adults function as males and become female at maturity. All have well-developed gonads, and all copulate. Earthworms store their partners' sperm in spermathecae ("sperm stores") and then the clitellum produces a cocoon that collects ova from the ovaries and then sperm from the spermathecae. Fertilization and development of earthworm eggs takes place in the cocoon. Leeches' eggs are fertilized in the ovaries, and then transferred to the cocoon. In all clitellates the cocoon also either produces yolk when the eggs are fertilized or nutrients while they are developing. All clitellates hatch as miniature adults rather than larvae. Question: What annelid group includes leeches and earthworms? Answer: clitellates Question: What type of sex are most earthworms? Answer: hermaphrodites Question: Where are leeches' eggs fertilized? Answer: in the ovaries Question: Where do leeches move their eggs to? Answer: the cocoon Question: What type of annelids hatch as miniature adults? Answer: clitellates Question: What annelid group dislikes leeches and earthworms? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What type of creature are most earthworms? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where are leeches' gardens fertilized? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where do leeches eat their eggs? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What type of annelids hatch as giant adults? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The development of the Bronx is directly connected to its strategic location between New England and New York (Manhattan). Control over the bridges across the Harlem River plagued the period of British colonial rule. Kingsbridge, built in 1693 where Broadway reached the Spuyten Duyvil Creek, was a possession of Frederick Philipse, lord of Philipse Manor. The tolls were resented by local farmers on both sides of the creek. In 1759, the farmers led by Jacobus Dyckman and Benjamin Palmer built a "free bridge" across the Harlem River which led to the abandonment of tolls altogether. Question: When did farmers build a bridge over the Harlem River? Answer: 1759 Question: Why did farmers build a bridge over the Harlem River? Answer: tolls were resented Question: What strategic advantage did the Bronx's location have? Answer: between New England and New York Question: When was Kingsbridge built? Answer: 1693 Question: Who owned Kingsbridge? Answer: Frederick Philipse
Context: Diagnosing active tuberculosis based only on signs and symptoms is difficult, as is diagnosing the disease in those who are immunosuppressed. A diagnosis of TB should, however, be considered in those with signs of lung disease or constitutional symptoms lasting longer than two weeks. A chest X-ray and multiple sputum cultures for acid-fast bacilli are typically part of the initial evaluation. Interferon-γ release assays and tuberculin skin tests are of little use in the developing world. IGRA have similar limitations in those with HIV. Question: Is active TB difficult or easy to diagnose by patients' symptoms alone? Answer: difficult Question: If a patient has some symptoms associated with TB, after what time period should tuberculosis be diagnostically considered? Answer: two weeks Question: What part of the body would be X-rayed to check for TB? Answer: chest Question: What sign of TB infection would a lab be looking for in a sputum culture? Answer: acid-fast bacilli Question: Along with interferon-y release essays, what other tests aren't useful in TB diagnosis in developing countries? Answer: tuberculin skin tests Question: What is usually diagnosed using just signs and symptoms? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How long do symptoms in someone who is immunosuppressed last? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What kind of cultures test for HIV? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What kind of tests are common in developing countries? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What type of bacilli do interferon-y release assays look for? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Consequently, steam reforming typically employs an excess of H 2O. Additional hydrogen can be recovered from the steam by use of carbon monoxide through the water gas shift reaction, especially with an iron oxide catalyst. This reaction is also a common industrial source of carbon dioxide: Question: How can it be recovered through steam? Answer: use of carbon monoxide through the water gas shift reaction
Context: The earliest evidence of cotton use in South Asia has been found at the site of Mehrgarh, Pakistan, where cotton threads have been found preserved in copper beads; these finds have been dated to Neolithic (between 6000 and 5000 BCE). Cotton cultivation in the region is dated to the Indus Valley Civilization, which covered parts of modern eastern Pakistan and northwestern India between 3300 and 1300 BCE The Indus cotton industry was well-developed and some methods used in cotton spinning and fabrication continued to be used until the industrialization of India. Between 2000 and 1000 BC cotton became widespread across much of India. For example, it has been found at the site of Hallus in Karnataka dating from around 1000 BC. Question: Where in Southeast Asia has early use of cotton been discovered? Answer: Mehrgarh, Pakistan Question: To what period has cotton been dated in Pakistan? Answer: Neolithic Question: When did the Indus Valley Civilization cover parts of India and Pakistan? Answer: 3300 and 1300 BCE Question: Until what event did the ancient methods of spinning and fabrication of cotton last? Answer: industrialization Question: During what time did cotton become widely used in India? Answer: 2000 and 1000 BC Question: Where in Southeast Asia has early use of industry been discovered? Answer: Unanswerable Question: To what period has industry been dated in Pakistan? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When did cotton cover parts of Inida and Pakistan? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Until what event did the ancient methods of bead spinning last? Answer: Unanswerable Question: During what time did copper beads become widely used in India? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: During this period, Roman soldiers seem to have been modelled after those of the Etruscans to the north, who themselves seem to have copied their style of warfare from the Greeks. Traditionally, the introduction of the phalanx formation into the Roman army is ascribed to the city's penultimate king, Servius Tullius (ruled 578 to 534 BC). According to Livy and Dionysius of Halicarnassus, the front rank was composed of the wealthiest citizens, who were able to purchase the best equipment. Each subsequent rank consisted of those with less wealth and poorer equipment than the one before it. Question: Who introduced the phalanx formation into Rome's army? Answer: Servius Tullius Question: Were Roman soldiers expected to purchase their own equipment? Answer: wealthiest citizens, who were able to purchase the best equipment Question: Who were contained in the first rank of the phalanx formation? Answer: wealthiest citizens Question: From what people did it appear the Etruscans had model their form of warfare on? Answer: Greeks Question: Where did Dionysius hail from? Answer: Halicarnassus
Context: In 1954, major Serbian and Croatian writers, linguists and literary critics, backed by Matica srpska and Matica hrvatska signed the Novi Sad Agreement, which in its first conclusion stated: "Serbs, Croats and Montenegrins share a single language with two equal variants that have developed around Zagreb (western) and Belgrade (eastern)". The agreement insisted on the equal status of Cyrillic and Latin scripts, and of Ekavian and Ijekavian pronunciations. It also specified that Serbo-Croatian should be the name of the language in official contexts, while in unofficial use the traditional Serbian and Croatian were to be retained. Matica hrvatska and Matica srpska were to work together on a dictionary, and a committee of Serbian and Croatian linguists was asked to prepare a pravopis. During the sixties both books were published simultaneously in Ijekavian Latin in Zagreb and Ekavian Cyrillic in Novi Sad. Yet Croatian linguists claim that it was an act of unitarianism. The evidence supporting this claim is patchy: Croatian linguist Stjepan Babić complained that the television transmission from Belgrade always used the Latin alphabet— which was true, but was not proof of unequal rights, but of frequency of use and prestige. Babić further complained that the Novi Sad Dictionary (1967) listed side by side words from both the Croatian and Serbian variants wherever they differed, which one can view as proof of careful respect for both variants, and not of unitarism. Moreover, Croatian linguists criticized those parts of the Dictionary for being unitaristic that were written by Croatian linguists. And finally, Croatian linguists ignored the fact that the material for the Pravopisni rječnik came from the Croatian Philological Society. Regardless of these facts, Croatian intellectuals brought the Declaration on the Status and Name of the Croatian Literary Language in 1967. On occasion of the publication’s 45th anniversary, the Croatian weekly journal Forum published the Declaration again in 2012, accompanied by a critical analysis. Question: Which agreement was signed in 1954 by writers, linguists, and literary critics? Answer: Novi Sad Agreement Question: On what principle did the Novi Sad Agreement focus upon? Answer: equal status Question: Who was given the task of creating a dictionary in the Novi Sad Agreement? Answer: Matica hrvatska and Matica srpska Question: What did Serbian writers and linguists sign in 1967? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was the conclusion of the agreement backed by Matica srpska and Matikca hrvatska in 2012? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did use of the latin alphabet insist upon? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In official contexts what should be the name of the Dictionary? Answer: Unanswerable Question: During 1967 how many books were published at the same time? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The Arctic tern holds the long-distance migration record for birds, travelling between Arctic breeding grounds and the Antarctic each year. Some species of tubenoses (Procellariiformes) such as albatrosses circle the earth, flying over the southern oceans, while others such as Manx shearwaters migrate 14,000 km (8,700 mi) between their northern breeding grounds and the southern ocean. Shorter migrations are common, including altitudinal migrations on mountains such as the Andes and Himalayas. Question: Which birds migrate the furthest? Answer: The Arctic tern Question: Where does the Arctic tern migrate each year? Answer: between Arctic breeding grounds and the Antarctic Question: which bird migrates by circling the earth? Answer: albatrosses Question: Where do Manx shearwaters migrate? Answer: between their northern breeding grounds and the southern ocean Question: What is an example of a shorter migration? Answer: altitudinal migrations on mountains such as the Andes and Himalayas
Context: There are a number of proposals to redefine certain of the SI base units in terms of fundamental physical constants. This has already been done for the metre, which is defined in terms of a fixed value of the speed of light. The most urgent unit on the list for redefinition is the kilogram, whose value has been fixed for all science (since 1889) by the mass of a small cylinder of platinum–iridium alloy kept in a vault just outside Paris. While nobody knows if the mass of the International Prototype Kilogram has changed since 1889 – the value 1 kg of its mass expressed in kilograms is by definition unchanged and therein lies one of the problems – it is known that over such a timescale the many similar Pt–Ir alloy cylinders kept in national laboratories around the world, have changed their relative mass by several tens of parts per million, however carefully they are stored, and the more so the more they have been taken out and used as mass standards. A change of several tens of micrograms in one kilogram is equivalent to the current uncertainty in the value of the Planck constant in SI units. Question: What measurement is deemed most important to redefine in terms of physical constants? Answer: the kilogram Question: What is the shape of the object that establishes the base unit of the kilogram? Answer: cylinder Question: What alloy is the base unit of the kilogram made from? Answer: platinum–iridium Question: Where is the base unit for the kilogram kept? Answer: in a vault just outside Paris Question: What measurement is deemed least important to redefine in terms of physical constants? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the shape of the object that establishes the base unit of the kilometer? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What value has consistently changed since 1889? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where is the top unit for the kilometer kept? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What kind of alloy is never used to measure a kilogram? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: In October 2012 the number of ongoing conflicts in Myanmar included the Kachin conflict, between the Pro-Christian Kachin Independence Army and the government; a civil war between the Rohingya Muslims, and the government and non-government groups in Rakhine State; and a conflict between the Shan, Lahu and Karen minority groups, and the government in the eastern half of the country. In addition al-Qaeda signalled an intention to become involved in Myanmar. In a video released 3 September 2014 mainly addressed to India, the militant group's leader Ayman al-Zawahiri said al-Qaeda had not forgotten the Muslims of Myanmar and that the group was doing "what they can to rescue you". In response, the military raised its level of alertness while the Burmese Muslim Association issued a statement saying Muslims would not tolerate any threat to their motherland. Question: In 2012 what was the the disturbance with the government running smoothly ? Burma? Answer: the number of ongoing conflicts in Myanmar Question: Were any religious groups involved in the scrimmages ? Answer: Pro-Christian Kachin Independence Army a Question: Were any terrorist groups involved in the Burmese conflicts ? Answer: al-Qaeda Question: Does al-Qaeda believe that Muslims in Burma are in danger? Answer: Ayman al-Zawahiri said al-Qaeda had not forgotten the Muslims of Myanmar and that the group was doing "what they can to rescue you". Question: Did Muslims in Burma give a repose to statements made by al-Qaeda? Answer: the Burmese Muslim Association issued a statement saying Muslims would not tolerate any threat to their motherland.
Context: There are also many large plants under construction. The Desert Sunlight Solar Farm under construction in Riverside County, California and Topaz Solar Farm being built in San Luis Obispo County, California are both 550 MW solar parks that will use thin-film solar photovoltaic modules made by First Solar. The Blythe Solar Power Project is a 500 MW photovoltaic station under construction in Riverside County, California. The California Valley Solar Ranch (CVSR) is a 250 megawatt (MW) solar photovoltaic power plant, which is being built by SunPower in the Carrizo Plain, northeast of California Valley. The 230 MW Antelope Valley Solar Ranch is a First Solar photovoltaic project which is under construction in the Antelope Valley area of the Western Mojave Desert, and due to be completed in 2013. The Mesquite Solar project is a photovoltaic solar power plant being built in Arlington, Maricopa County, Arizona, owned by Sempra Generation. Phase 1 will have a nameplate capacity of 150 megawatts. Question: Where is Desert Sunlight Solar Farm currently under construction? Answer: Riverside County, California Question: Where is Desert Sunlight Solar Farm? Answer: San Luis Obispo County, California Question: Who is building The Califoria Valley Solar Ranch? Answer: SunPower Question: Where is Desert Sunlight Solar Farm no longer under construction? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where is Desert Sunlight State Farm? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who is building The Califoria Valley State Ranch? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is a 200 megawatt solar plant? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: During this period the practice of manuscript illumination gradually passed from monasteries to lay workshops, so that according to Janetta Benton "by 1300 most monks bought their books in shops", and the book of hours developed as a form of devotional book for lay-people. Metalwork continued to be the most prestigious form of art, with Limoges enamel a popular and relatively affordable option for objects such as reliquaries and crosses. In Italy the innovations of Cimabue and Duccio, followed by the Trecento master Giotto (d. 1337), greatly increased the sophistication and status of panel painting and fresco. Increasing prosperity during the 12th century resulted in greater production of secular art; many carved ivory objects such as gaming-pieces, combs, and small religious figures have survived. Question: Who noted that 14th century monks bought books in shops? Answer: Janetta Benton Question: What form of art had the most prestige in this era? Answer: Metalwork Question: When did Giotto die? Answer: 1337 Question: What were many pieces of secular art carved from in this period? Answer: ivory Question: Along with Duccio, what Italian artist was a noted innovator in this period? Answer: Cimabue
Context: Miami's heavy-rail rapid transit system, Metrorail, is an elevated system comprising two lines and 23 stations on a 24.4-mile (39.3 km)-long line. Metrorail connects the urban western suburbs of Hialeah, Medley, and inner-city Miami with suburban The Roads, Coconut Grove, Coral Gables, South Miami and urban Kendall via the central business districts of Miami International Airport, the Civic Center, and Downtown. A free, elevated people mover, Metromover, operates 21 stations on three different lines in greater Downtown Miami, with a station at roughly every two blocks of Downtown and Brickell. Several expansion projects are being funded by a transit development sales tax surcharge throughout Miami-Dade County. Question: What is the name of Miami's heavy-rail system? Answer: Metrorail Question: How many miles long is Metrorail? Answer: 24.4 Question: How many stations does Metrorail have? Answer: 23 Question: How many lines does Metromover have? Answer: three Question: How much does it cost to use Metromover? Answer: free Question: What is the name of Miami's light-rail system? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many yards long is Metrorail? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many stations doesn't Metrorail have? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many lines doesn't Metromover have? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How much doesn't it cost to use Metromover? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: West is among the most critically acclaimed artists of the twenty-first century, receiving praise from music critics, fans, fellow musicians, artists, and wider cultural figures for his work. AllMusic editor Jason Birchmeier writes of his impact, "As his career progressed throughout the early 21st century, West shattered certain stereotypes about rappers, becoming a superstar on his own terms without adapting his appearance, his rhetoric, or his music to fit any one musical mold." Jon Caramanic of The New York Times said that West has been "a frequent lightning rod for controversy, a bombastic figure who can count rankling two presidents among his achievements, along with being a reliably dyspeptic presence at award shows (when he attends them)." Village Voice Media senior editor Ben Westhoff dubbed him the greatest hip hop artist of all time, writing that "he's made the best albums and changed the game the most, and his music is the most likely to endure," while Complex called him the 21st century's "most important artist of any art form, of any genre." The Guardian has compared West to David Bowie, arguing that "there is nobody else who can sell as many records as West does (30m-odd album sales and counting) while remaining so resolutely experimental and capable of stirring things up culturally and politically." Question: How is Kanye viewed as a 21st century artist? Answer: among the most critically acclaimed Question: What famous English artist was Kanye compared to by The Guardian? Answer: David Bowie Question: What reporter compared Kanye West to a lightning rod? Answer: Jon Caramanic Question: Who said Kanye West was the greatest hip hop artist of all time? Answer: Ben Westhoff Question: What magazine compared Kanye to David Bowie? Answer: The Guardian
Context: In the US, dietitians are registered (RD) or licensed (LD) with the Commission for Dietetic Registration and the American Dietetic Association, and are only able to use the title "dietitian," as described by the business and professions codes of each respective state, when they have met specific educational and experiential prerequisites and passed a national registration or licensure examination, respectively. In California, registered dietitians must abide by the "Business and Professions Code of Section 2585-2586.8". Anyone may call themselves a nutritionist, including unqualified dietitians, as this term is unregulated. Some states, such as the State of Florida, have begun to include the title "nutritionist" in state licensure requirements. Most governments provide guidance on nutrition, and some also impose mandatory disclosure/labeling requirements for processed food manufacturers and restaurants to assist consumers in complying with such guidance. Question: What is the abbreviation for licensed dietitians in the US? Answer: LD Question: Who do dietitians have to register with other than the American Dietetic Association in order to be recognized as such in the US? Answer: Commission for Dietetic Registration Question: Which specific term is unregulated but still oft associated with professionals when it comes to food and diets? Answer: nutritionist Question: Which state has started to regulate the word "nutritionist"? Answer: Florida Question: What are restaurants and food manufacturers required to follow in order to assist consumers looking to follow dietary guidelines? Answer: disclosure/labeling requirements
Context: Time appears to have a direction—the past lies behind, fixed and immutable, while the future lies ahead and is not necessarily fixed. Yet for the most part the laws of physics do not specify an arrow of time, and allow any process to proceed both forward and in reverse. This is generally a consequence of time being modeled by a parameter in the system being analyzed, where there is no "proper time": the direction of the arrow of time is sometimes arbitrary. Examples of this include the Second law of thermodynamics, which states that entropy must increase over time (see Entropy); the cosmological arrow of time, which points away from the Big Bang, CPT symmetry, and the radiative arrow of time, caused by light only traveling forwards in time (see light cone). In particle physics, the violation of CP symmetry implies that there should be a small counterbalancing time asymmetry to preserve CPT symmetry as stated above. The standard description of measurement in quantum mechanics is also time asymmetric (see Measurement in quantum mechanics). Question: What laws do not specify an arrow of time? Answer: the laws of physics Question: The direction of the arrow of time is sometimes what? Answer: arbitrary Question: Which law states that entropy must increase over time? Answer: the Second law of thermodynamics, Question: The violation of what implies that there should be a small counterbalancing time asymmetry? Answer: CP symmetry Question: The standard description of measurement in quantum mechanics is what? Answer: time asymmetric Question: In what directions do the laws of entropy allow light to go? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What does quantum mechanics determine about entropy? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What needs to be preserved according to quantum mechanics? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which law says that CPT symmetry must increase over time? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In particle physics what should there be to preserve entropy? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What laws specify as an arrow of time? Answer: Unanswerable Question: The direction of the past is sometimes what? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which law states that entropy must increase in the past? Answer: Unanswerable Question: The violation of what implies that there should be a small counterbalancing difection asymmetry? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the standard description of direction in quantum mechanics? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: All students and faculty, regardless of religion, are required to agree to adhere to an honor code. Early forms of the Church Educational System Honor Code are found as far back as the days of the Brigham Young Academy and early school President Karl G. Maeser. Maeser created the "Domestic Organization", which was a group of teachers who would visit students at their homes to see that they were following the schools moral rules prohibiting obscenity, profanity, smoking, and alcohol consumption. The Honor Code itself was not created until about 1940, and was used mainly for cases of cheating and academic dishonesty. President Wilkinson expanded the Honor Code in 1957 to include other school standards. This led to what the Honor Code represents today: rules regarding chastity, dress, grooming, drugs, and alcohol. A signed commitment to live the honor code is part of the application process, and must be adhered by all students, faculty, and staff. Students and faculty found in violation of standards are either warned or called to meet with representatives of the Honor Council. In certain cases, students and faculty can be expelled from the school or lose tenure. Both LDS and non-LDS students are required to meet annually with a Church leader to receive an ecclesiastical endorsement for both acceptance and continuance. Various LGBT advocacy groups have protested the honor code and criticized it as being anti-gay, and The Princeton Review ranked BYU as the 3rd most LGBT-unfriendly school in the United States. Question: What group did President Maeser create that sent teachers to student's homes to verify they were following the school's moral rules? Answer: Domestic Organization Question: When was the BYU Honor Code actually created? Answer: about 1940 Question: What was BYU's Honor Code mainly used for upon its creation? Answer: cases of cheating and academic dishonesty Question: In what year was the Honor Code expanded to include other school standards, such as rules regarding drug use? Answer: 1957 Question: Who must sign a comitment to live by the honor code as part of the application process? Answer: all students, faculty, and staff Question: What organization did Brigham Young create? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did Young's Domestic Organization do? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was first created in 1957? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was expanded in 1940? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did the Princeton Review rank BUY for LGBT-friendliness? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: In January 2009 President Barack Obama restored US funding to UNFPA, saying in a public statement that he would "look forward to working with Congress to restore US financial support for the UN Population Fund. By resuming funding to UNFPA, the US will be joining 180 other donor nations working collaboratively to reduce poverty, improve the health of women and children, prevent HIV/AIDS and provide family planning assistance to women in 154 countries." Question: Which president began funding UNFPA again? Answer: Barack Obama Question: In what year did U.S. funding of UNFPA resume? Answer: 2009 Question: In what month did U.S. funding of UNFPA resume? Answer: January Question: The president said the U.S. would be joining how many donor nations? Answer: 180 Question: The president said funding the U.N. Population Fund would help in how many countries? Answer: 154 Question: Which president never funded UNFPA again? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what year did U.S. funding of UNFPA end? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what month did U.S. funding of UNFPA end? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who said funding the U.N. Population Fund would not help 154 countries? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What program funded in 2009 does not help women? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The term Muslim world, also known as Islamic world and the Ummah (Arabic: أمة‎, meaning "nation" or "community") has different meanings. In a religious sense, the Islamic Ummah refers to those who adhere to the teachings of Islam, referred to as Muslims. In a cultural sense, the Muslim Ummah refers to Islamic civilization, exclusive of non-Muslims living in that civilization. In a modern geopolitical sense, the term "Islamic Nation" usually refers collectively to Muslim-majority countries, states, districts, or towns. Question: Islamic World is another way to refer to what? Answer: Muslim world Question: When speaking of religion, what does Ummah refer to? Answer: those who adhere to the teachings of Islam Question: When speaking about culture, what does Ummah refer to? Answer: Islamic civilization Question: Community, or Nation are direct translations of what word in reference to Islam? Answer: Ummah Question: World and group are the same as what Aribic word? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What civilization does Ummah refer to when used in a religious sense? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What teachings does Ummah refer to when used in a cultural sense? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What term refers to all countries where Muslims live? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: During the Middle Ages Aristotle's theory of tabula rasa was developed by Islamic philosophers starting with Al Farabi, developing into an elaborate theory by Avicenna and demonstrated as a thought experiment by Ibn Tufail. For Avicenna (Ibn Sina), for example, the tabula rasa is a pure potentiality that is actualized through education, and knowledge is attained through "empirical familiarity with objects in this world from which one abstracts universal concepts" developed through a "syllogistic method of reasoning in which observations lead to propositional statements which when compounded lead to further abstract concepts". The intellect itself develops from a material intellect (al-'aql al-hayulani), which is a potentiality "that can acquire knowledge to the active intellect (al-'aql al-fa'il), the state of the human intellect in conjunction with the perfect source of knowledge". So the immaterial "active intellect", separate from any individual person, is still essential for understanding to occur. Question: Whose idea was 'tabula rasa'? Answer: Aristotle Question: What religion was Al Farabi? Answer: Islamic Question: What does al-'aql al-hayulani mean? Answer: material intellect Question: What does al-'aql al-fa'il mean? Answer: active intellect Question: What is crucial for understanding? Answer: the immaterial "active intellect" Question: What was Aristotle's religion? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did Al Farabi say tabula rasa was? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who developed the syllogistic method? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did Aristotle call the active intellect? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What does tabula rasa mean? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: In May 2008, Dell reached an agreement with office supply chain, Officeworks (part of Coles Group), to stock a few modified models in the Inspiron desktop and notebook range. These models have slightly different model numbers, but almost replicate the ones available from the Dell Store. Dell continued its retail push in the Australian market with its partnership with Harris Technology (another part of Coles Group) in November of the same year. In addition, Dell expanded its retail distributions in Australia through an agreement with discount electrical retailer, The Good Guys, known for "Slashing Prices". Dell agreed to distribute a variety of makes of both desktops and notebooks, including Studio and XPS systems in late 2008. Dell and Dick Smith Electronics (owned by Woolworths Limited) reached an agreement to expand within Dick Smith's 400 stores throughout Australia and New Zealand in May 2009 (1 year since Officeworks — owned by Coles Group — reached a deal). The retailer has agreed to distribute a variety of Inspiron and Studio notebooks, with minimal Studio desktops from the Dell range. As of 2009[update], Dell continues to run and operate its various kiosks in 18 shopping centres throughout Australia. On March 31, 2010 Dell announced to Australian Kiosk employees that they were shutting down the Australian/New Zealand Dell kiosk program. Question: What year did Dell make an agreement with Officeworks? Answer: 2008 Question: What computer model did Dell ask Officeworks to carry? Answer: Inspiron Question: In which country did Dell partner with Harris Technology? Answer: Australian Question: What company did Dell team with in late 2008? Answer: Dick Smith Electronics Question: What year did Dell's Australian program end up shutting down? Answer: 2010 Question: What year did Dell make a disagreement with Officeworks? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What computer model didn't Dell ask Officeworks to carry? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In which country did Dell cut ties with Harris Technology? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What company did Dell team with in late 2009? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What year didn't Dell's Australian program end up shutting down? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Comandante general Simón Elías González, was nominated governor and military command was given to Colonel J.J. Calvo, whose firmness had earned well-merited praise. The state was in the midst of a war with the Apaches, which became the focus of all their energy and resources. After a review of the situation, Simón Elías González declared that the interests of the territory would be best served by uniting the civil and military power, at least while the campaign lasted. He resigned under opposition, but was renominated in 1837. Question: Military command was given to whom based on his firmness? Answer: Colonel J.J. Calvo Question: The state was in a war with what group? Answer: Apaches Question: Who declared the state's civil and military forces should be combined during the campaign? Answer: Simón Elías González Question: In which year did Gonzalez receive renomination? Answer: 1837
Context: The Lophotrochozoa, evolved within Protostomia, include two of the most successful animal phyla, the Mollusca and Annelida. The former, which is the second-largest animal phylum by number of described species, includes animals such as snails, clams, and squids, and the latter comprises the segmented worms, such as earthworms and leeches. These two groups have long been considered close relatives because of the common presence of trochophore larvae, but the annelids were considered closer to the arthropods because they are both segmented. Now, this is generally considered convergent evolution, owing to many morphological and genetic differences between the two phyla. The Lophotrochozoa also include the Nemertea or ribbon worms, the Sipuncula, and several phyla that have a ring of ciliated tentacles around the mouth, called a lophophore. These were traditionally grouped together as the lophophorates. but it now appears that the lophophorate group may be paraphyletic, with some closer to the nemerteans and some to the molluscs and annelids. They include the Brachiopoda or lamp shells, which are prominent in the fossil record, the Entoprocta, the Phoronida, and possibly the Bryozoa or moss animals. Question: What are two of the most successful animal phyla? Answer: Mollusca and Annelida Question: What are some of the animals in Mollusca? Answer: snails, clams, and squids Question: What are some of the animals in Annelida? Answer: earthworms and leeches Question: Why are the Mollusca and Annelida considered to be close relatives? Answer: common presence of trochophore larvae Question: What are the phyla that have a ring of ciliated tentacles around the mouth called? Answer: lophophore
Context: In 2006 Apple presented a special edition for iPod 5G of Irish rock band U2. Like its predecessor, this iPod has engraved the signatures of the four members of the band on its back, but this one was the first time the company changed the colour of the metal (not silver but black). This iPod was only available with 30GB of storage capacity. The special edition entitled purchasers to an exclusive video with 33 minutes of interviews and performance by U2, downloadable from the iTunes Store. Question: In what year was a special edition of the iPod produced? Answer: 2006 Question: For what musical group was a special edition of the iPod first made? Answer: U2 Question: What color was the metal on the U2 version of the iPod? Answer: black Question: What type of media was included with purchase of the U2 version of the iPod? Answer: video Question: Of what band did Apple present a special edition iPod 5G? Answer: U2 Question: What color was the special U2 iPod model? Answer: black Question: In what year did apple release the special U2 model of the iPod? Answer: 2006
Context: Because rebroadcast transmitters were not planned to be converted to digital, many markets stood to lose over-the-air coverage from CBC or Radio-Canada, or both. As a result, only seven of the markets subject to the August 31, 2011 transition deadline were planned to have both CBC and Radio-Canada in digital, and 13 other markets were planned to have either CBC or Radio-Canada in digital. In mid-August 2011, the CRTC granted the CBC an extension, until August 31, 2012, to continue operating its analogue transmitters in markets subject to the August 31, 2011 transition deadline. This CRTC decision prevented many markets subject to the transition deadline from losing signals for CBC or Radio-Canada, or both at the transition deadline. At the transition deadline, Barrie, Ontario lost both CBC and Radio-Canada signals as the CBC did not request that the CRTC allow these transmitters to continue operating. Question: When was CBC's anologue upgrade extension set to expire? Answer: August 31, 2012 Question: At the deadline, which area lost broadcast entirely? Answer: Barrie, Ontario Question: Did Barrie, Ontario lose signal for CBC, Radio-Canada, or both? Answer: both Question: How many of the transmitters were purchased by the CRTC in order to be converted to digial? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did the complete loss of service prompt the CRTC to grant? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What city in Canada started a new network after losing all coverage from the CBC and Radio-Canada? Answer: Unanswerable Question: The CRTC realized that it needed to break up the CBC's monopoly after it extended the deadline in order to prevent what? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Recent research supports Jefferson's claim. Brunetti and Weder found "evidence of a significant relationship between more press freedom and less corruption in a large cross-section of countries." They also presented "evidence which suggests that the direction of causation runs from higher press freedom to lower corruption." Adserà, Boix, and Payne found that increases in newspaper readership led to increased political accountability and lower corruption in data from roughly 100 countries and from different states in the US. Question: Who found evidence that where the media had freedom there was less political corruption? Answer: Brunetti and Weder Question: Who discovered that more people reading newspapers resulted in higher political accountability? Answer: Adserà, Boix, and Payne Question: About 100 countries and what else was information gathered from to show that more people reading newspapers had higher political accountability? Answer: different states in the US.
Context: Caesar was now the primary figure of the Roman state, enforcing and entrenching his powers. His enemies feared that he had ambitions to become an autocratic ruler. Arguing that the Roman Republic was in danger, a group of senators hatched a conspiracy and assassinated Caesar at a meeting of the Senate in March 44 BC. Mark Antony, Caesar's lieutenant, condemned Caesar's assassination, and war broke out between the two factions. Antony was denounced as a public enemy, and Caesar's adopted son and chosen heir, Gaius Octavianus, was entrusted with the command of the war against him. At the Battle of Mutina Mark Antony was defeated by the consuls Hirtius and Pansa, who were both killed. Question: Who was now considered to be the primary figure in the Roman state? Answer: Caesar Question: Which group of people conspired against Caesar in order to have him assassinated? Answer: senators Question: When did Julius Caesar die? Answer: March 44 BC Question: Which former lieutenant of Caesar was considered a public threat after Caesar was assassinated? Answer: Mark Antony Question: Why did the Roman senators wish to have Caesar assassinated? Answer: the Roman Republic was in danger
Context: The United States joined World War II in December 1941 after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. On the European front, U.S. Army troops formed a significant portion of the forces that captured North Africa and Sicily, and later fought in Italy. On D-Day, June 6, 1944, and in the subsequent liberation of Europe and defeat of Nazi Germany, millions of U.S. Army troops played a central role. In the Pacific War, U.S. Army soldiers participated alongside the United States Marine Corps in capturing the Pacific Islands from Japanese control. Following the Axis surrenders in May (Germany) and August (Japan) of 1945, army troops were deployed to Japan and Germany to occupy the two defeated nations. Two years after World War II, the Army Air Forces separated from the army to become the United States Air Force in September 1947 after decades of attempting to separate. Also, in 1948, the army was desegregated by order of President Harry S. Truman. Question: What month and year did the U.S. join World War II? Answer: December 1941 Question: Which military force attacked Pearl Harbor? Answer: Japanese Question: What is the month, day and year of "D-Day"? Answer: June 6, 1944 Question: What war lead to the capture of the Pacific Islands by the U.S.? Answer: Pacific War Question: Who was responsible for the desegregation of the army? Answer: Harry S. Truman Question: What month and year did the Chinese join World War II? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which military force aided during Pearl Harbor? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is month, day, and year V-Day? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who was responsible for the segregation of the army? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who participated along with U.S. Army soldiers in the French-Indian War? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: From 1920 leaders such as Mahatma Gandhi began highly popular mass movements to campaign against the British Raj using largely peaceful methods. The Gandhi-led independence movement opposed the British rule using non-violent methods like non-cooperation, civil disobedience and economic resistance. However, revolutionary activities against the British rule took place throughout the Indian subcontinent and some others adopted a militant approach like the Indian National Army that sought to overthrow British rule by armed struggle. The Government of India Act 1935 was a major success in this regard. All these movements succeeded in bringing independence to the new dominions of India and Pakistan on 15 August 1947. Question: What leader started a mass movement against British rule? Answer: Mahatma Gandhi Question: What means did Gandhi espouse to gain self-rule? Answer: peaceful Question: What group wanted to use violent means to over throw the British rule? Answer: Indian National Army Question: On what date did India gain its independence? Answer: 15 August 1947 Question: What action did the movements combine to produce? Answer: Government of India Act 1935
Context: There are over three thousand islands along the rugged coastline of Zhejiang. The largest, Zhoushan Island, is Mainland China's third largest island, after Hainan and Chongming. There are also many bays, of which Hangzhou Bay is the largest. Zhejiang has a humid subtropical climate with four distinct seasons. Spring starts in March and is rainy with changeable weather. Summer, from June to September is long, hot, rainy, and humid. Fall is generally dry, warm and sunny. Winters are short but cold except in the far south. Average annual temperature is around 15 to 19 °C (59 to 66 °F), average January temperature is around 2 to 8 °C (36 to 46 °F) and average July temperature is around 27 to 30 °C (81 to 86 °F). Annual precipitation is about 1,000 to 1,900 mm (39 to 75 in). There is plenty of rainfall in early summer, and by late summer Zhejiang is directly threatened by typhoons forming in the Pacific. Question: How many islands are along the rugged coastline of Zhejiang? Answer: over three thousand Question: What is the largest island near Zhejiang? Answer: Zhoushan Island Question: What is the largest bay of Zhejiang? Answer: Hangzhou Bay Question: How many distinct seasons does Zhejiang have? Answer: four Question: When does Spring start in Zhejiang? Answer: March Question: How many islands are not along the rugged coastline of Zhejiang? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the smallest bay of Zhejiang? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many seasons does Zhejiang never have? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: A minibus offers a basic service to carry people around Saint Helena, with most services designed to take people into Jamestown for a few hours on weekdays to conduct their business. Car hire is available for visitors. Question: What kind of vehicle offers basic transportation to people in Saint Helena? Answer: A minibus Question: Where does the minibus travel to? Answer: Jamestown Question: On what days does the minibus take people into Jamestown? Answer: weekdays
Context: On 18 June 1953, the monarchy was abolished and the Republic of Egypt declared, with Naguib as its first president. According to Aburish, after assuming power, Nasser and the Free Officers expected to become the "guardians of the people's interests" against the monarchy and the pasha class while leaving the day-to-day tasks of government to civilians. They asked former prime minister Ali Maher to accept reappointment to his previous position, and to form an all-civilian cabinet. The Free Officers then governed as the Revolutionary Command Council (RCC) with Naguib as chairman and Nasser as vice-chairman. Relations between the RCC and Maher grew tense, however, as the latter viewed many of Nasser's schemes—agrarian reform, abolition of the monarchy, reorganization of political parties—as too radical, culminating in Maher's resignation on 7 September. Naguib assumed the additional role of prime minister, and Nasser that of deputy prime minister. In September, the Agrarian Reform Law was put into effect. In Nasser's eyes, this law gave the RCC its own identity and transformed the coup into a revolution. Question: Who was the first president of the Republic of Egypt? Answer: Naguib Question: Who did Nasser want to handle the day-to-day operations of the government? Answer: civilians Question: Who did Nasser recruit to be Prime Minister? Answer: Ali Maher Question: What new name did the Free Officers take? Answer: Revolutionary Command Council Question: What law did Nasser view as the culmination of his revolutionary efforts? Answer: Agrarian Reform Law
Context: The Romans held off Hannibal in three battles, but then Hannibal smashed a succession of Roman consular armies. By this time Hannibal's brother Hasdrubal Barca sought to cross the Alps into Italy and join his brother with a second army. Hasdrubal managed to break through into Italy only to be defeated decisively on the Metaurus River. Unable to defeat Hannibal on Italian soil, the Romans boldly sent an army to Africa under Scipio Africanus to threaten the Carthaginian capital. Hannibal was recalled to Africa, and defeated at the Battle of Zama. Question: What was the name of Hannibal's family member that wanted to join his army in battle? Answer: Hasdrubal Barca Question: At what river was Hasdrubal Barca defeated at? Answer: Metaurus River Question: In which battle was Hannibal clearly defeated at? Answer: the Battle of Zama Question: Who had led the army that the Romans had sent to Africa? Answer: Scipio Africanus Question: Why did the Romans send an army to Africa? Answer: to threaten the Carthaginian capital