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26929_HurricaneKlaus(1984) | hurricane article hurricane retired atlantic hurricane season north_atlantic hurricane hit leeward_islands west november atlantic hurricane season forming broad area low pressure november maintained northeast movement path making landfall extreme eastern puerto_rico passed north leeward_islands resulting strong southwesterly winds rough seas attained hurricane status reached peak winds mph extratropical cooler waters november storm dropped heavy rainfall puerto_rico causing minor flooding light damage caused heavy marine damage leeward_islands including ships experienced heavy damage meteorological history broad area low pressure gradually developed extreme southeastern caribbean_sea november moved slowly westward steadily organized november system stalled north followed turn northeast convection slowly organized surface circulation formed november system developed initially weak mph winds depression steadily organized moved northeastward mission confirmed existence cyclone november located midway puerto_rico late 6th depression strengthened located short distance south puerto_rico tropical storm continued northeastward landfall extreme eastern puerto_rico early november storm passed short distance north lesser antilles tropical cyclone recorded history affect islands west favorable conditions allowed storm continue strengthening attained hurricane status early november hurricane accelerated northeast reached peak intensity mph late november maintaining peak strength hours weakened slightly interaction upper level low turned hurricane westward november approaching trough low pressure turned hurricane northeast cold air cooler waters weakened convection center november degenerated subtropical storm accelerated northeast degenerated extratropical storm november located miles south southeast newfoundland hours later absorbed extratropical system preparations shortly forming gale warnings issued puerto_rico leeward_islands tropical cyclone record hit leeward_islands west result unprepared strong winds rough seas southwest impact moving past puerto_rico tropical storm dropped heavy rainfall peaking inches southeastern island southern half puerto_rico reported inches received inches precipitation experienced inches heavy rainfall resulted freshwater flooding strongest winds storm remained offshore wind gusts peaked mph winds rainfall island resulted downed trees power lines damage minimal struck island election day causing slight process reported inches rainfall association received inches rainfall remained inches tropical storm caused severe flooding extensive damage strong southwesterly winds resulted gale force winds rough seas southwestern portions leeward_islands rough waves caused considerable damage marine interests area ships wrecked mile rough seas wrecked cruise ship passengers crew members swam safely shore person hospitalized rough seas damaged local coral reefs people affected island storm caused million usd million usd damage resulted fatalities antigua strong waves hurricane produced severe beach erosion endangered highway eroded beach beach erosion reported nearby sustained moderate damage totaling million usd million usd saw coastal damage resulting storm worst impact destruction town port aftermath ships including wrecked hurricane intentionally sunk create artificial reef month storm passed president ronald_reagan declared major disaster area declaration permitted use federal funds recovery provided average relief fund usd usd affected person smallest return rate declared disaster damage significant retired year different hurricane retired replaced kyle | Hurricane Klaus (1984) | Natural sciences | Earth science | Tropical cyclones: Atlantic |
27092_TropicalStormFelice | modest tropical cyclone lightly impacted parts gulf_coast united_states mid september spawned upper level trough bahamas system crossed entered gulf_of_mexico gradually began strengthen disorganized storm entire duration plagued dry air lack deep thunderstorm activity ill defined center circulation managed peak high end tropical storm winds category hurricane strength tracking northwestward storm brushed southern louisiana september making landfall northeast galveston texas late day ashore quickly deteriorated central united_states southeastern oklahoma remnants closely resembled formidable tropical cyclone advance cyclone officials prompted residents vulnerable communities leave homes temporary storm shelters established effects generally light beneficial rains fell parts southern florida sections coastal louisiana experienced minimal gale force winds normal tides winds mph galveston estimated near mph caused scattered power outages minor tree damage heavy rainfall totaling triggered street flooding delayed local rice harvest damaged hay cut storm significant precipitation gusty winds accompanied system northern texas oklahoma overall storm left fatalities widespread property damage path meteorological history developing tropical depression near nassau bahamas september origins persistent upper level trough area nascent depression tracked slowly west southwest intensification ultimately passing north florida entered gulf_of_mexico open waters gulf system accelerated west northwest southern periphery large ridge high pressure north reconnaissance aircraft data storm suggested depression strengthened tropical storm midday september official atlantic tropical cyclone database known indicates disturbance attained tropical storm status utc september despite continued gradual intensification remained disorganized approached northern gulf_coast forward speeds mph storm center came range weather radar site new_orleans louisiana resulting close observation storm progress suffered restricted outflow circulation marked appearance centers near september distinct center apparently formed west northwest storm initial core reportedly dissipated operationally forecasters national_hurricane_center believed surge southerly transported significant atmospheric away old center low pressure allowing new surface based circulation form special hour advisory issued identify storm new location post season analysis determined cyclone nature technical problems time observation center relocation proven result official storm path reflect significant moved nearly parallel southern coast louisiana began signs improved structure reached peak intensity high end tropical storm winds mph utc september located south dry continental air north likely prevented reaching category hurricane strength strong tropical storm lacked deep convection typical mature tropical cyclones shortly peaking moved ashore texas northeast galveston evening hours september local time storm rapidly deteriorated land slowed forward speed curving northwest passed near houston weakened tropical depression diminishing system turned northward north central texas late september entered southeastern oklahoma september officially dissipated utc september remnants retained structure similar healthy tropical cyclone depicted radar imagery norman distinct rainbands noticeable eye feature passed southeast norman aircraft flew area collect data unique storm notably found system warm core compared environment day september remnants continued weaken surface low east northeast oklahoma arkansas fully dissipating september preparations impact neared coast gale warnings effect louisiana galveston hurricane watch extended port connor texas small craft advisories posted light vessels remain port coastal advisories discontinued early hours september residents path storm generally evacuated timely manner fled storm louisiana half residents low lying southern parish left mandatory evacuation ordered farther west evacuation routes texas rendered days storm bridge damaged maritime accident remaining highway considered susceptible coastal flooding officials quickly worked evacuate people pass storm approach converted public schools temporary storm shelters shelters set houston louisiana generally went unused post offices port transferred money orders class parcels postage stamps office safety precaution crossing september depression dropped modest beneficial rainfall generally totaling southern florida peninsula highest tides associated ran normal cameron louisiana rainfall louisiana light peaking areas closest storm path coastal locations experienced gusty winds occasionally blowing gale force recorded northeasterly gusts mph evening september winds impact quality sugar cane crops extreme southern areas state flooding property damage reported crossed coast accompanied rainfall gusty winds heightened tides near landfall reportedly distinct wind rain coinciding storm poorly defined eye weather observers humble estimated gusts mph east southwest respectively galveston endured sustained winds mph gusts high mph storm uprooted newly planted palm trees city tree struck parked car isolated power outages affected parts area including east galveston electrical hit lightning brought numerous tree limbs damaged utility lines north storm damaged trees shrubs winds mph houston heavy rains accumulating triggered minor urban flooding downtown galveston moderate heavy rainfall affected broad area storm path reports precipitation resulted instances flooding proved beneficial helped relieve dry conditions eastern texas rice hay crops sustained minor damage harvest delayed week coast storm tides peaked normal reports weakening storm proceeded inland continued drop heavy rainfall rain fell northern texas southeastern oklahoma remnants produced rainfall rates hour contributing totals relatively strong winds peaking mph occurred near remnant center circulation system continued generate showers thunderstorms central producing inch greater rainfall totals northern arkansas | Tropical Storm Felice | Natural sciences | Earth science | Tropical cyclones: Atlantic |
27151_HurricaneFaith | hurricane faith hurricane faith reached northernmost latitude longest track atlantic tropical cyclone sixth named storm fifth hurricane atlantic hurricane season faith developed area disturbed weather cape west coast africa august tracking westward depression gradually intensified tropical storm faith following day moving westward atlantic_ocean continued slowly strengthen reaching hurricane status early august hours later faith reached initial peak winds mph weakening slightly august located near lesser antilles outer bands faith produced gale force winds region especially puerto_rico antigua minor coastal damage occurred far south trinidad august storm began intensify curving north northwestward near bahamas utc following day faith peaked mph category hurricane saffir simpson hurricane scale eventually storm weakened category hurricane curved northeast person drowned western atlantic ship sank heavy rainfall strong winds bermuda damage occurred storm maintained nearly intensity category hurricane days tracking northeastward far faith finally weakened north scotland extratropical near september drowning deaths occurred north_sea near denmark fifth death occurred man succumbed injuries sustained boating incident related storm meteorological history television infrared observation satellite imagery indicated presence area disturbed weather august system moved slowly westward eventually reached atlantic_ocean estimated tropical depression developed utc august located miles southeast cape_verde continuing westward depression intensified upgraded tropical storm faith following day gradual intensification persisted tropical storm faith headed nearly westward mph august faith upgraded category hurricane curving slightly west northwestward storm reached category intensity briefly peaked sustained winds mph hurricane faith curved northwest weakened category hurricane approaching northeastern leeward_islands august initially faith scheduled seeded scheduled cancelled faith approaching bahamas bypassing leeward_islands faith remained nearly intensity strengthening category hurricane august near turks islands storm quickly intensified category hurricane hours later utc august faith attained maximum sustained winds mph reaching maximum sustained winds late august faith began gradually weaken decreased category hurricane intensity early august time storm turned northeast periphery atlantic subtropical anticyclone located midway bermuda florida faith remained offshore east_coast united_states atlantic_canada eastward september began accelerate eventually curved northeastward approaching europe faith forward speed increased mph utc september minimum barometric pressure mbar inhg recorded lowest relation storm remaining category hurricane august faith weakened slightly category hurricane early september neared crossing north_sea faith finally transitioned extratropical storm utc later day centered miles east northeast extratropical remnants faith headed eastward affected norway winds high mph tracking scandinavia extratropical storm weakened tropical depression entering soviet_union present day russia eventually storm degenerated extratropical low pressure area curved northward retained identity september roughly miles impact records leeward_islands approach faith caused tracking station antigua monitoring rocket launched nasa shut minutes rocket lifted faith produced gale force winds puerto_rico minor damage fatalities injuries reported south faith brought rough seas trinidad waves ranging feet conditions inflicted minor damage small boats turks islands sea defenses suffered damage faith passed miles east northeast east_coast united_states storm produced rough seas high tides florida additionally weather_bureau warned possible gale force winds carolinas virginia noted area experience fringe effects storm bermuda outer rainbands hurricane faith produced heavy rainfall wind gusts mph people died result storm land rough seas western atlantic battered pitching man overboard drowned near denmark attempting cross atlantic_ocean man missing presumed dead heavy seas forced abandon boat northern coast denmark property damage minimal mainly areas impacted faith sparsely populated ton norwegian car ferry known began sink headed region denmark waves flooded engine room causing ship disabled large scale search operation conducted rescue passengers aboard passengers rescued treated injuries person later died hospital norway remnants faith impacted areas storm brought heavy rainfall resulted melting turn caused rampant flooding locations discharge glaciers reached record high melt remnants faith duration faith traveled miles making longest track atlantic hurricane second longest worldwide hurricane john faith traveled northernmost latitude atlantic tropical cyclone reaching far north | Hurricane Faith | Natural sciences | Earth science | Tropical cyclones: Atlantic |
27159_TropicalStormAlma(1974) | tropical storm alma named storm develop atlantic hurricane season short lived tropical cyclone rare landfall storm formed august east windward_islands advisories issued day alma peak intensity subsequently alma moved unusually pace mph mph southeastern caribbean_sea causing numerous watches gale warnings issued caribbean alma moved quickly trinidad continued westward storms cross northeastern venezuela storm dissipated august high terrain venezuela storm left heavy damage trinidad amounting million usd making destructive cyclone 20th century island time alma damaged buildings leaving people homeless storm wrecked acres crop fields deaths trinidad including struck flying debris alma responsible plane crash offshore venezuela killing people board heavy rainfall meteorological history disturbance associated left coast africa august reporting mid level winds mph weak circulation formed august area thunderstorms disturbance moved slowly westward atlantic_ocean developing tropical depression utc august north latitude latitude remain lifetime august depression intensified tropical storm alma east trinidad indicated hurricane hunters flight reporting winds mph flight reported circular eye diameter report eye storm center alma elongated causing gale force winds extend north extending miles south august hurricane_hunters reported gusts mph storm weakened initial peak alma continued westward mph national_hurricane_center nhc director noted unusually rapid tropical cyclone time location alma able maintain low latitude movement west strong subtropical ridge unusually lower latitude expected august august storm landfall trinidad winds mph southernmost landfall island storm storm moved trinidad hours circulation disrupted storm crossed second final landfall venezuela storms record high mountains venezuela took toll storm circulation causing alma downgraded tropical depression august utc day circulation passed near convection rapidly diminished presence satellite imagery faded nhc noted potential redevelopment reached open waters late august nhc issued final advisory circulation dissipated near border venezuela colombia remnants alma continued westward reaching pacific_ocean intensify hurricane preparations impact aftermath alma landfall gale warnings hurricane watch issued trinidad barbados alma progressed westward gale warnings issued venezuela peninsula abc islands initially trinidad weather service anticipated alma strike storm approached trajectory trinidad apparent moving trinidad alma produced sustained winds mph gusts reached mph rainfall reached inch storm passage strong winds downed trees power lines damaged buildings including hundreds households inside left people homeless widespread damage agriculture sugar amounting acres damaged fields storm damaged highways country damaged schools hospitals winds debris roof house struck woman killing indirect death island injuries damage island estimated million usd alma considered destructive storm trinidad 20th century according american embassy country storm local red_cross chapter provided meals clothing thousands storm victims government allocated million relief work coordinated established following damaging hurricane flora helped rebuild damage houses clear roads assist affected farmers sent usd assistance country ambassador sent formal request washington oil company sent usd donation country red_cross moving windward_islands alma produced strong wind gusts outer rainbands alma spread venezuela center trinidad utc august rains caused vickers crash airport aircraft struck summit people aboard died impact pilot survived days dying severe brain damage venezuela alma produced landslides heavy rainfall | Tropical Storm Alma (1974) | Natural sciences | Earth science | Tropical cyclones: Atlantic |
27519_HurricaneDean(1989) | fourth named storm second hurricane atlantic hurricane season dean formed july reached tropical storm status following day east leeward_islands dean brushed northern leeward_islands category hurricane saffir simpson hurricane scale bringing light rain producing damage turning northward striking bermuda category hurricane dean continued northward making landfall southeastern newfoundland dean initially difficult forecast posed possible threat lesser antilles result evacuations occurred hurricane watches warning issued dean turned northward watches warnings lesser antilles discontinued dean approached bermuda hurricane watch issued later upgraded hurricane warning dean tracked away island hurricane warning discontinued addition hurricane warning briefly effect nova scotia storm left million usd million usd sixteen injuries bermuda fatalities reported atlantic_canada dean dropped light rain nova_scotia meteorological history tropical wave moved coast africa july detected imagery july tropical wave began classified dvorak technique satellite analysts national_hurricane_center persistent deep convection shortly system organized national_hurricane_center began classifying roughly halfway cape_verde lesser antilles depression moved westward mph intensifying eventually intensified upgraded tropical storm named dean national_hurricane_center continuing generally westward dean continued gradually intensify hurricane august air_force reconnaissance flight recorded hurricane force winds following day decreasing ridge high pressure north trough low pressure forming east_coast united_states caused dean slow forward motion turn northwest trough low pressure forming east_coast united_states deepening causing dean curve northward remaining nearly stationary remaining nearly stationary dean began accelerate forward speed mph headed bermuda dean intensified category hurricane whilst eastern half eyewall brushed bermuda dean continued intensify slightly passing island bermuda category hurricane august dean category hurricane attained peak intensity winds mph minimum pressure mbar hpa inhg peak intensity forward speed dean continued increase approached atlantic_canada weakening category hurricane approaching southern newfoundland dean weakened downgraded tropical storm august shortly dean landfall south coast newfoundland winds mph later day dean emerged far north atlantic rapidly transitioned extratropical cyclone following day preparations hurricane dean difficult forecast early stages storm approached eastern caribbean forecast models predicted dean skirt leeward_islands track prediction models consistent result uncertainty existed posting watches warnings leeward_islands puerto_rico track predicted dean threaten south florida days regardless national_hurricane_center issued hurricane warnings guadeloupe august rest leeward_islands extending uncertainty hurricanes forecast track forced residents tourists lesser antilles evacuate american canadian tourists evacuated hotels puerto_rico residents advised secure away loose objects stock emergency supplies million residents city san_juan went needed supplies anticipation storm hit puerto_rico national_guard evacuated people living coastal highway islands placed hurricane watch warning guadeloupe discontinued utc hurricane posed threat island simultaneously hurricane watches effect martinique discontinued dean continued westward national_hurricane_center issued hurricane watch turks islands watch soon canceled dean northward turn bermuda bermuda national_hurricane_center issued hurricane watch august hurricane watch later changed hurricane warning following day dean approach island canceled numerous flights atlantic_canada national_hurricane_center issued hurricane warning nova scotia canadian forecasters issued high wind advisory impact outer bands produced heavy rainfall winds mph antigua reported damage leeward_islands hurricane turned northward atlantic bound bermuda caught guard hurricane boat carried radio equipment spotted hurricane hunter plane occupants boat suffered injuries bermuda hurricanes eastern eyewall produced mph sustained winds gusts mph bermuda highest rainfall total dean parts island received rain strong winds hurricane dean caused considerable power line damage leaving residents electricity winds caused minor roof damage pleasure boats damaged sent rough seas flooding hurricane damaged houses sixteen people injured hurricane injuries considered reports fatalities impact bermuda damage bermuda amounted million usd million usd dean remained away united_states coastline produced storm tides north_carolina atlantic_canada hurricane force winds reported nova scotia newfoundland reported winds mph moderate rainfall reported newfoundland areas island experiencing precipitation rainfall newfoundland peaked south coast island near location dean landfall majority rainfall reported west dean minimal precipitation recorded east storm high winds reported eastern storm lighter winds western dean offshore waves reported reported rainfall reports damage atlantic_canada hurricane dean sailors rescued boat got storm | Hurricane Dean (1989) | Natural sciences | Earth science | Tropical cyclones: Atlantic |
27524_HurricaneGert(1999) | hurricane hurricane fourth major hurricanes moderately active atlantic hurricane season cape_verde type hurricane formed september coast africa heading west northwest reached peak wind speed mph september open central atlantic east northeast leeward_islands gradually curved northwest later north weakness subtropical ridge created hurricane floyd passed east bermuda september began steady weakening trend time turned northeast september transitioned extratropical cyclone southeast atlantic_canada absorbed larger storm days threatened strike bermuda prompting evacuation tourists center landfall passed short distance east island producing hurricane force winds left people power high waves swept people sea maine later strong waves struck newfoundland left heavy marine damage meteorological history tropical wave moved coast africa september evidence low level circulation convective banding moved west northwestward located south subtropical ridge based satellite imagery estimated system organized tropical depression utc september south cape_verde islands formation center poorly defined restricted easterly outflow easterly wind shear hours remaining somewhat disorganized convection concentrated september banding features outflow improved consequently national_hurricane_center nhc upgraded depression tropical storm seventh named storm season tropical storm quickly intensified presence anticyclone aloft warm water temperatures exceeding following development warm spot near center intensified hurricane september strengthened developing eye briefly dissipated reforming early september attained major hurricane strength category saffir simpson scale moving west northwestward continued steady intensification trend developing defined outflow circulation described outstanding reaching category status september strengthened peak winds mph early september estimated satellite imagery dvorak technique satellite intensity estimates reached high mph category hurricane time hurricane located east northeast guadeloupe lesser antilles time peak intensity maintained round central dense overcast hurricane_hunters investigated hurricane september indicated slight weakening trend eyewall replacement cycle turned northwest weakness subtropical ridge created hurricane floyd west hurricane intensified briefly resuming weakening trend increased wind shear upper level trough west restricting outflow weakening winds mph strengthened category status september eye organized surrounding convection following eyewall replacement cycle september hurricane approaching bermuda appearance ragged intrusion unfavorable dry air early september weakened category intensity time turned northward later day passed east bermuda producing hurricane force winds island steady weakening continued accelerated northeastward influence approaching trough convection decreased center cooler water temperatures september weakened tropical storm status approached newfoundland nearly convection dissipated system longer met characteristics tropical cyclone result declared extratropical utc september southeast newfoundland hours later remnants absorbed larger extratropical storm fourth category hurricanes form season highest number storms record later season tied record preparations impact bermuda days away bermuda nhc advised residents monitor progress storm future forecast size strength tropical storm warning hurricane watch issued island september days prior closest approach moved closer island watch warning replaced hurricane warning september maintained following day moved away passed island officials closed schools converted emergency shelters police workers advised families leave houses cruise lines diverted ships away hundreds tourists took flights leave island passing east bermuda produced minute sustained winds mph bermuda international airport island wind gusts peaked mph coast minute sustained winds reached mph harbor rainfall island light totaling rough surf battered island resulting extensive beach erosion known natural arches damaged house collapsed sea severe damage reported southern shore island approximately residents suffered temporary power outages roads flooded intense winds downed trees storm worst effects remained offshore united_states canada september hurricane attributed generating rogue wave swept people sea coast maine crew boat later found bodies storm approached united_states seas area generally ran normal late duration passed southeast newfoundland extratropical producing wave heights offshore onshore peninsula large wave severely damaged wharf destroying boats damaging wharf wave swept people ocean wharf required million million usd repairs forcing closure west high waves damaged fish plant lord cove gale force winds extended southeastern newfoundland grand banks station reported winds mph onshore winds downed trees caused power outages primarily area addition adverse conditions prompted cancellation flights international airport | Hurricane Gert (1999) | Natural sciences | Earth science | Tropical cyclones: Atlantic |
27702_HurricaneJosephine(1984) | hurricane hurricane long lived atlantic hurricane threatened east_coast united_states days october fifteenth tropical cyclone tenth named storm hurricane season developed area disturbed weather near bahamas october forming subtropical characteristics quickly organized gained tropical characteristics strengthened tropical storm october gradual intensification occurred reaching hurricane status october storm headed northward remaining offshore eastern united_states strengthened peaked moderately strong category hurricane saffir simpson hurricane scale october following day weakened category hurricane nearly stationary later headed northeastward paralleled coast offshore nova scotia october weakened tropical storm shortly beginning execute cyclonic loop south newfoundland executing cyclonic loop extratropical october remained offshore eastern united_states effects storm area high pressure produced strong winds high seas coast north_carolina high tides caused severe beach erosion minor damage ocean houses minor coastal flooding occurred new_york new_jersey addition fatality occurred man drowned falling boat sailing river massachusetts meteorological history frontal trough moved eastward southeastern united_states september stationary north haiti trough developed area disturbed weather interacted upper level low pressure area resulting development subtropical depression october formation system consisted broad subtropical low poorly defined surface circulation subtropical depression drifted westward organized midday october air_force reconnaissance aircraft flight indicated subtropical depression intensified acquired tropical characteristics considered tropical storm national_hurricane_center named storm intensification slow large existed relatively cool environment shortly curved northward northeast bahamas october strengthened hurricane continued north northeastward category hurricane october winds increased slightly reached maximum sustained winds mph october weakened category hurricane october day area high pressure moved northeastern united_states caused abruptly curve northeastward eventually southeastward october began accelerate east northeastward later day reached minimum barometric pressure mbar inhg continued east northeastward weakened tropical storm influence area high pressure north nearby area low pressure began executing cyclonic loop north approaching atlantic_canada cyclonic loop transitioned extratropical cyclone october shortly remnants merged broad mid latitude trough remnants tracked southward completed cyclonic loop october system eventually curved east northeastward moved direction october preparations impact shortly system declared tropical storm gale warnings issued central bahamas starting october slightly hours later hurricane watch issued early october discontinued later day gale warnings issued north_carolina virginia warning area extended far north massachusetts october warning area north_carolina virginia discontinued late october simultaneously gale warnings issued massachusetts addition gale warning issued boston massachusetts october gale warnings discontinued early hurricane duration nasa developed plan delaying landing space shuttle challenger day event passed near kennedy space center shuttle crew filmed hurricane orbit camera footage storm featured documentary dream alive remained offshore eastern united_states storm produced strong winds high seas combination area high pressure strong winds reported october october sustained winds mph gusts high mph damage caused high tides east_coast united_states tides mean sea level addition wave heights reported island tides wash occurred highways turn caused roads close coastal erosion occurred area notably tides washed away nearly protective sand dunes built great depression especially area absence protective sand dunes vulnerable future storms produce high tides minor damage houses reported high tides near kill devil hills damage detachment steps effects somewhat lighter virginia gale force winds observed state winds mph reporting respectively high tides occurred virginia waves reported tidal flooding reported delaware response hurricane united_states_coast_guard activated extra workers event storm high winds new_jersey washed abandoned cabin cruiser coast town officials closed portion helicopters evacuated coast light light tides normal resulted minor coastal flooding long_island new_york parts new_jersey officials closed road southampton deep flooding massachusetts man fell boat drowned sailing amidst large swells produced outer fringes storm produced wind rainfall newfoundland dropped light rainfall peaking slightly caused major effects marine interests high waves estimated exceeded disabled crew quickly rescued issuing distress signal nearby tanker vessel storm caused loss bags water damage freighter encountered route baltimore maryland major shipping lanes north_america severely impacted ships reporting winds mph period days furthermore ships reported hurricane force winds period days highest wind speed reported ship mph observed october | Hurricane Josephine (1984) | Natural sciences | Earth science | Tropical cyclones: Atlantic |
27727_HurricaneKaren(2001) | hurricane karen hurricane karen hurricane non tropical origin formed october atlantic hurricane season developed interaction cold upper level trough october located south bermuda quickly strengthened extratropical storm storm passed near bermuda october producing hurricane force winds island organized subtropical cyclone 12th tropical cyclone 13th karen strengthened reach mph winds category hurricane saffir simpson hurricane scale weakening cooler waters landfall nova scotia tropical storm quickly extratropical bermuda winds precursor extratropical storm produced moderate damage primarily power lines marine interests island power subscribers left power worst storm boats sank ran aground high winds damage bermuda totaled million usd million usd atlantic_canada tropical storm karen produced light winds rain caused minimal damage meteorological history cold stalled couple miles southeast bermuda october day strong upper level trough moved southeastward southeast coast united_states factors including upward motion strong rate fluid moves area unstable caused interaction trough develop extratropical low miles southeast bermuda october low moved quickly northward northwestward strengthening quickly instability atmosphere late october system slowed upper level circulation aligned low level circulation extratropical storm began develop tropical characteristics late october including surface temperatures warmer surrounding environment vertical wind characteristics tropical cyclone based organization system developed subtropical storm early october located miles south bermuda passing south bermuda subtropical storm maintained winds mph wind gusts island surpassing mph system turned northward began develop convection center addition frontal characteristics subtropical storm continually weakened october based advanced microwave sounding unit observation stated warm core present system national_hurricane_center designated system tropical storm gave karen point karen located miles north bermuda karen slowly strengthened warm waters storm intensified hurricane later october convection continued develop organized ring eye karen reached peak intensity mph october located miles south halifax nova scotia karen quickly weakened moved cooler waters late october degenerated tropical storm accelerated northward convection gradually decreased karen landfall southwestern nova scotia winds mph october karen retained tropical characteristics making landfall based research flight halifax intended study early stages extratropical transition flight reported bands warm core system transitioning typical mid latitude system influence mid latitude system storm turned sharply northeast losing remaining convection extratropical shortly landfall continuing northward remnant low quickly weakened dissipated absorbed larger extratropical storm preparations october precursor extratropical storm forming issued gale later storm warning island expecting winds mph radio interviews television stations issued information expected storm residents believed warned acknowledged emergency managers citizens pay attention gale warnings tropical cyclone warnings october storm passing south island officials closed schools government offices private businesses closed time karen landfall gale warnings issued coastal waters inland wind warnings effect addition heavy rainfall warnings issued large portions nova_scotia including halifax southeastern new_brunswick impact bermuda passing south island tight pressure gradient precursor extratropical storm high pressures resulted strong winds island including sustained winds hurricane status fort george gusts island officially peaked mph cruise ship anchored harbor reported wind gust mph caused storm dropped moderate rainfall inches resulting minor flooding streets storm developed quickly wave induced beach erosion minor strong winds left considerable tree damage worst storm island power subscribers electricity damage power lines totaled usd usd strong winds caused considerable damage vegetation cruise ships storm saint george harbour powerful winds ripped post snapped line leaving ship drifting harbor crew member injured dozen boats broke free resulting running aground sinking boats affected degree marine damage totaling usd usd winds caused minor damage properties island primarily houses damage houses amounted usd usd overall damage moderate totaling million usd million usd fatalities reported storm related injuries occurred canada tropical storm karen produced light moderate winds atlantic_canada peaking mph gust mph nova scotia mph report rainbands storm dropped light rainfall inches nova scotia inches new_brunswick fell short time left transitioning storm rainfall beneficial drought stricken areas nova_scotia new_brunswick fast moving nature storm areas reported half inch rain reported wave heights feet causing breaking waves docks white caps ocean damage canada minor storm limited uprooted tree nova scotia trees damaged branches injuries fatalities canada | Hurricane Karen (2001) | Natural sciences | Earth science | Tropical cyclones: Atlantic |
27733_HurricaneChantal(1989) | tropical cyclones landfall texas atlantic hurricane season named storm hurricane season slowly developed july southern gulf_of_mexico tropical disturbance previously near trinidad heading north northwestward depression steadily intensified upgraded following day quickly strengthen hurricane august intensifying slightly landfall near texas later day storm quickly weakened moving inland fell tropical storm intensity hours landfall early august weakened tropical depression dissipated oklahoma august making landfall texas storm produced relatively small tides locations reporting waves feet height locations experienced extensive beach erosion addition numerous rescues rainfall high winds homes damaged numerous trees sign knocked tornadoes reported causing destruction shed texas knocking trees mobile homes louisiana remnants brought light moderate rainfall states affects minor states overall fatalities occurred drowning million usd damage reported meteorological history origins tracked tropical disturbance near trinidad july system crossed westward caribbean_sea signs organization july near coast honduras despite predictions slow development tropical weather possible system developed surface low center near belize late july system moved inland yucatán_peninsula disorganized national_hurricane_center indicated tropical weather outlook moved gulf_of_mexico potential development outflow system appeared impressive satellite images potential development uncertain close proximity land storm quickly better organized based satellite data ship reports immediately emerging gulf_of_mexico july cloud pattern system quickly better organized later emerging gulf_of_mexico ships satellite images confirmed tropical depression formed offshore north coast yucatán_peninsula likely depression formed miles north yucatán_peninsula hours earlier confirmed following morning development occurred depression intensified tropical storm miles southeast texas national_hurricane_center assigned tropical storm early morning system upgraded tropical storm reconnaissance flight confirmed tropical storm force winds hours later sustained winds mph tropical storm rapidly strengthened weather satellites indicating numbers increasing hours dvorak technique continued intensify headed northwestward mph weak florida later july satellite imagery revealed better organization reconnaissance flight found winds mph flying feet based observations estimated intensified hurricane early august continued intensify slightly attained peak intensity august utc reaching maximum sustained winds mph minimum barometric pressure mbar inhg hours landfall near texas winds mph rapidly weakened tropical storm utc august hours landfall quickly degenerated tropical depression early august tropical depression continued course eventually dissipated western oklahoma august remnants moved northward great plains tracked northward new_york eventually reaching new_england newfoundland hurricane dean approached preparations utc july tropical storm watch indicating tropical storm force winds possible hours issued port connor texas mouth mississippi_river hours hurricane warning signifying hurricane force winds likely hours issued texas louisiana tropical storm warning simultaneously effect port connor texas mobile alabama significantly overlapping existing hurricane warning tropical storm warning discontinued utc august hours later hurricane warning issued utc july downgraded tropical storm warning portion port arthur texas louisiana canceled remaining portion port connor texas discontinued utc august addition tropical cyclone watches warnings actions taken approached oil workers moved inland man drowned attempting evacuate rig south new_orleans louisiana mayor port asked residents evacuate potential coastal flooding area shelters opened schools port arthur nearby orange crews emergency centers distributed sand bags residents louisiana evacuated people taking shelter school additional people fled threat road island flooding impact texas bore storm strong winds heavy rainfall damaged homes knocked downed numerous trees signs spawned tornadoes texas louisiana caused minor damage additionally fatalities occurred drowning deaths occurred offshore gulf_of_mexico remaining reported east central texas overall storm resulted million usd damage mexico prior tropical cyclone precursor tropical disturbance dropped rainfall yucatán_peninsula mexico precipitation fires burning region destroyed acres jungle months prior tropical disturbance according texas worst effects storm occurred waves feet height reported measured tides feet pier reported feet seas high tides eroded mile miles highway covered sand debris result highway expected closed weeks october storm surge hurricane jerry caused erosion repairs northern portions rainfall generally inches peak inches numerous streets flooded hours homes flooded water entered houses severe street flooding occurred galveston especially low lying areas homes businesses damaged result overall homes county flooded strong winds effected county highest recorded sustained wind speed mph galveston highest gust mph reported location downtown galveston sustained winds mph gusts reached mph winds strong associated losses confined roof damage beach homes addition strong winds heavy rainfall high tides storm produced tornado county rated scale tornado spawned destroyed boat shed damage occurred rainfall produced city houston varied extensively inches hours inches known time lapse southern portions rainfall totaled ranged inches significant amounts precipitation resulted flooding turn caused emergency crew rescues damage homes strong winds caused significant effects county winds mph trees toppled golf course plane flipped roof mobile home torn fence portable building destroyed highlands winds damaged red cross shelter blew windows hospital county high winds destroyed mobile homes damaged apartments businesses texas heavy rainfall effected precipitation amounts inches reported caused significant flooding especially height storm entire town inundated water causing flood damage homes additionally high winds combination floods damaged homes county high winds caused injuries tore material homes mobile homes homes effected area inches rain fell southern portions county causing minor flooding inches precipitation recorded eastern city homes flooded families evacuated inches rain fell richmond local flooding occurred mobile homes county suffered wind damage heavy rainfall caused street flooding college station precipitation reached high inches flood damage reported additionally fatalities occurred teenage boys riding rubber swept subsequently drowned highest sustained wind speed recorded mph strongest gust mph jack brooks regional airport winds downed trees limbs causing minor roof damage tides pass feet mean sea level beach erosion reported near location winds tree limbs damaged vehicles portable buildings fatality reported oil rig evacuation gulf_of_mexico people perished capsized south louisiana boat rescued united_states_coast_guard louisiana high tides reported location seas reaching feet cameron winds state light highest sustained wind speed mph strongest gust approximately mph new_orleans rainfall minimal state mainly inches highest total recorded inches tornado touched downed trees removed mobile home foundation known impact mississippi tides feet mean sea level north impact generally minor remnants dropped light rainfall states oklahoma missouri kansas iowa wisconsin illinois indiana michigan states illinois michigan recorded inches precipitation illinois rainfall chicago flooded numerous streets lake shore drive expressway briefly closed result outside chicago minor flooding occurred creeks low lying areas rainfall rate inches hour michigan caused release million gallons sewage despite crossing ontario new_york unknown impact occurred locations vermont remnants dropped rainfall excess inches washington county lines bridges knocked cars homes swept away crops destroyed resultant flash floods | Hurricane Chantal (1989) | Natural sciences | Earth science | Tropical cyclones: Atlantic |
27831_HurricaneJerry(1989) | hurricane jerry hurricane jerry caused minor damage texas flash flooding kentucky virginia october fourteenth tropical cyclone tenth named storm season jerry developed tropical wave october initially tropical depression system moved north northwestward gulf_of_mexico strengthened tropical storm jerry early following day jerry continuously deepened october maintained intensity curving northeastward briefly later day storm curved north northwestward jerry began intensify october soon category hurricane saffir simpson hurricane wind scale early october jerry landfall texas winds mph hours later jerry weakened tropical storm tropical depression shortly late october jerry absorbed frontal system situated southwestern arkansas storm surge rough surf coast texas destroyed mile section repaired strong winds homes businesses left electricity galveston area homes businesses buildings inflicted damage strong winds tornadoes spawned storm despite issuance hurricane warning hours prior landfall jerry caused fatalities texas possibly storm small size car fell killing occupants minor wind coastal flood damage reported louisiana jerry remnants brought flash flooding portions particularly states kentucky virginia west_virginia eastern kentucky hundreds homes flooded bridges roads washed left hundreds residents stranded damage kentucky reached million similar impact occurred virginia million usd damage west_virginia rivers western portions state forced hundreds evacuate united_states jerry resulted million damage meteorological history tropical wave emerged atlantic_ocean coast northwest africa september additional signs tropical cyclogenesis observed tropical wave crossed atlantic_ocean caribbean_sea tropical wave reaching yucatán_peninsula broad low pressure area based surface pressure fields convective motions indicated satellite imagery emerging october intensity low estimated dvorak technique utc october reconnaissance aircraft flight confirmed atmospheric circulation system classified tropical depression fourteen post analysis indicates depression developed seven hours earlier located miles east northeast veracruz veracruz moving north northwestward satellite reconnaissance aircraft reports indicated depression strengthened tropical storm jerry early october jerry gradually intensified moved northward mph early october storm turned north northeast response approaching mid- upper level trough increasing upper level wind shear temporarily limited intensification mid- upper level cut low pressure area moved southward upper level outflow pattern favorable causing jerry resume strengthening cut low forced jerry curve north northwestward stronger steering currents high pressure ridge increased storm forward motion mph approaching gulf_coast united_states deep convection began develop near center utc october jerry strengthened category hurricane reaching hurricane status late october storm continued intensify approaching coast texas utc jerry attained minimum barometric pressure mbar inhg storm strengthened slightly making landfall near texas winds mph utc october jerry landfall latest dates satellite era hurricane struck upper texas coast moving inland storm accelerated turning north north northeastward utc october jerry weakened tropical storm tropical depression hours later late october cyclone absorbed frontal system southwestern arkansas preparations jerry unpredictable storm strengthening landfall continuation northwest anticipated equipment failure meant data readily available national_hurricane_center forecast model disabled throwing accuracy jerry track tropical cyclone warnings watches began early october hurricane watch port arthur texas mouth mississippi_river louisiana utc later day tropical storm watch issued entire coast louisiana tropical storm watch posted port connor texas louisiana utc october storm hurricane warning issued texas louisiana utc hours prior landfall simultaneously separate tropical storm warnings posted storm landfall tropical storm warning issued utc october hours later tropical cyclone warnings watches discontinued oil company employees evacuated gulf_of_mexico helicopter louisiana approximately people evacuated impact texas rainfall hurricane jerry peaked inches jerry caused light beach erosion texas coast storm destroyed miles section destroyed section highway repaired despite plans rebuilt high astronomical tides rough surf jerry resulted coastal flood damage beach erosion reported sand dunes flattened western end roads inundated covered debris glass boards high tides caused minor road damage storm surge caused coastal flooding people killed car blown washed galveston storm eye hurricane went directly waterfront businesses suffered considerable damage including restaurants boat docks bait stands property losses city estimated reached million upper end galveston bay businesses low lying areas affected coastal flooding field sustained winds mph gusts mph observed doors walkway boats damaged creek marina located eastern shore marina similar impact reported nearby creek marina strong winds destroyed high steel towers supported power lines traversed northern galveston bay near eastern texas wind damage relatively minor mainly limited shattered windows toppled trees power lines generally light impact houses mobile homes buildings farm buildings businesses counties eastern texas falling trees blocked numerous roads struck houses power lines leaving approximately homes businesses electricity galveston area tornadoes county buildings galveston second tornado touching galveston inflicted roof damage businesses homes apartment complexes tornado spawned toppled trees flag pole tornado near inflicted damage beach house tornado county spawned downtown shattered windows hospital mall store windows small tornado caused minor damage totaling louisiana tides ranging feet normal coast coastal flooding damage minimal gusty winds northwestern portion state downed trees power lines jerry remnants dropped rainfall states including alabama arkansas illinois indiana kentucky maryland mississippi missouri new_jersey ohio virginia west_virginia similar rainfall reported kentucky ranging inches flash flooding caused significant damage counties numerous roads bridges washed hundreds homes damaged destroyed forcing hundreds evacuate additionally cars damaged swept away overflowed hazard perry county number streets feet water families forced evacuate damage exceeded million neighboring bridges washed homes impacted flooding damage county reached million students teachers stranded school overflowed classrooms feet water homes flooded bridges roads washed damage reaching million residents left isolated eastern kentucky flooding destroyed bridges roads according state disaster assessment teams hundreds residents eastern kentucky west_virginia flood damage houses impact flooding eastern kentucky president declared clay floyd jackson perry pike counties disaster areas heavy rains west_virginia overflowed rivers homes evacuated feet banks farther south river overflowed banks feet october governor west_virginia toured flood ravaged areas state including logan counties heavy rainfall extended eastward extreme western virginia northern flash flooding destroyed heavily damaged numerous businesses homes additionally private bridges swept away roads inundated approximately families evacuated area inches precipitation observed damage totaled million president bush declared disaster area november | Hurricane Jerry (1989) | Natural sciences | Earth science | Tropical cyclones: Atlantic |
27916_HurricaneKeith | hurricane keith hurricane keith storm october caused extensive damage central_america especially mexico belize fifteenth tropical cyclone eleventh named storm seventh hurricane year atlantic hurricane season keith developed tropical depression tropical wave western caribbean_sea september depression gradually strengthened tropical storm keith following day storm tracked westward continued intensify upgraded hurricane september shortly keith began rapidly peaked category hurricane hours later keith began offshore belize significantly weakened storm land interaction late october keith landfall belize minimal hurricane quickly weakened tropical storm landfall occurred near early following day moving inland yucatán_peninsula keith weakened downgraded tropical depression emerging gulf_of_mexico october gulf_of_mexico keith began strengthen upgraded tropical storm later day hurricane following day late october keith final landfall near mexico moderately strong hurricane storm quickly weakened inland dissipated tropical cyclone hours landfall keith brought heavy rainfall countries central_america resulted extensive flooding especially belize mexico guatemala storm flooded towns caused fatality similarly fatality occurred el_salvador people affected flooding country thirteen communities nicaragua completely isolated keith roads impassable deaths reported nicaragua flood related people presumed dead honduras aircraft disappeared near fatality occurred flooding storm brought torrential rainfall belize areas reporting inches rain highest reported precipitation greater inches belize village reported houses remained country homes destroyed damaged houses suffered minor roof damage people killed belize damages totaled million usd heavy rainfall occurred mexico especially states flooding keith caused mudslides rivers reached historic levels mexico houses damage destroyed losses infrastructure occurred addition person drowned heavy rainfall damages incurred associated keith mexico totaled approximately million million usd overall keith responsible deaths million usd damage meteorological history september tropical wave elongated area low air pressure moving east west exited west coast africa moved westward atlantic_ocean development presence upper level wind shear moving caribbean_sea disturbance wave started better organized september day hurricane hunters flight indicated closed circulation winds mph receiving data national_hurricane_center nhc initiated advisories utc nhc later estimated depression formed hours earlier north northeast forming depression good outflow convection organized anticyclone system depression expected gradually intensify moving slowly west northwest motion caused weak steering winds late september nhc upgraded depression tropical storm status named keith hurricane hunters mission reported flight level winds mph time keith tropical storm beginning undergo rapid deepening fueled warm waters low wind shear organizing cloud pattern initially uncertainty storm future movement ridge gulf_of_mexico tropical cyclone prediction models differed assessments models anticipated turn northeast florida trough predicted continued slow motion west northwest eventually reaching bay continued strengthening keith hurricane september hours tropical storm making seventh storm intensity season day eye began developing structure better organized hour period beginning utc september keith underwent explosive deepening barometric pressure dropped rate nearly mbar inhg hour nhc noted keith experienced conditions ideal strengthening exception approaching land interaction peninsula hurricane slowed offshore eastern belize caused ridge north precursor tropical storm forming cuba early october keith developed defined eye diameter nhc described spectacular appearance later day hurricane_hunters estimated minimum pressure mbar inhg deployed observed peak winds mph based data nhc estimated keith attained peak winds mph utc october offshore eastern belize category saffir simpson hurricane scale shortly keith reached peak intensity eye moved portions belize causing lose definition outflow restricted developing disturbance northeast increased wind shear result keith began weaken steadily moving category hurricane late october remaining nearly stationary keith second landfall late october minimal hurricane shortly keith weakened tropical storm convection limited southeastern quadrant utc storm landfall north hours weakened tropical depression building ridge north caused system accelerate west northwest peninsula early october keith emerged favorable conditions allowed convection quickly later day intensified tropical storm improved outflow convective organization october hurricane_hunters reported circular eye reformed winds supporting upgrade hurricane status keith intensified day final landfall north winds mph rapidly weakened high terrain northeastern mexico dissipating late october preparations september shortly keith formed hurricane watch issued peninsula day keith nearing hurricane intensity watch upgraded warning tropical storm warning hurricane watch issued belize coastline mexican border time trajectory expected northwest storm turned slow westward drift hurricane warnings issued belize coast hours lead time offshore islands warnings peninsula dropped keith weakened october government belize declared state emergency activated entire storm threat airport closed keith passage limiting transportation country mainland offshore islands belize authorities evacuated entire city people numerous shelters officials ordered evacuations setting shelters overall people evacuate belize population hospitals evacuated country post storm assessment residents offshore islands acknowledged unprepared storm intensity people surrounding low lying areas forced evacuate shelters offshore coral reef fishermen stayed coral reef storm evacuated workers offshore oil platforms officials veracruz declared states emergency keith reached gulf_of_mexico began intensifying hurricane warning issued northeastern mexico tropical storm watch issued northward texas residents evacuated shelters neighboring veracruz people left houses storm struck threat hurricane keith caused mexican authorities close ports gulf coast schools area closed impact keith slow erratic movement caused produce strong winds heavy rainfall central_america belize bore storm million damage confirmed fatalities primarily related flooding countries reported significant severe flooding including el_salvador guatemala honduras mexico nicaragua overall keith responsible deaths approximately million damage belize keith offshore belize northerly winds blew water reports people walking temporarily dry bay floor despite potential waters return event shifting winds hurricane produced storm surge west winds unofficially estimated reached mph offshore islands belize wind gusts mainland reached mph slow motion keith dropped heavy rainfall amounting parts country highest recorded precipitation total inches international airport strong winds destroyed houses belize hotel roofs wrecked winds knocked trees power lines widespread areas belize lost power telephone service including heavy rainfall flooded streets reaching deep homes damaged degree capital suffered minor roof damage rains flooded floor primary hospital city causing severe damage nationwide health facilities damaged country rains increased levels rivers including rose days storm reaching record levels width isolated villages flooding covered primary bridge rest persisted low lying land country poor drainage floods contaminated water supply northern districts causing outbreak food poisoning belize districts houses severely damaged flooding damage heaviest northern offshore islands northern portion mainland offshore islands downed trees power lines blocked roads keith damaged roofs houses damaged destroyed houses leaving people homeless houses destroyed reports dwellings standing storm houses wrecked destroyed affected trees section uprooted numerous tree branches snapped individuals died maritime accidents involving accident involving bus carrying killing people board people died offshore overall people perished country injuries mainly flying debris reported people injured storm country approximately homes damaged destroyed damage total keith initially estimated million half tourism facilities remainder roughly split crop infrastructure damage crops country damaged including corn harvest expected begin october damage total later estimated million offshore mexico hurricane keith caused damage mexican states peninsula hurricane landfall farther inland keith left million usd damage caused additional million million usd indirect costs crossing peninsula keith dropped heavy rainfall including state reported precipitation keith final landfall reported tropical storm force winds gusts mph winds damaged billboards trees city coast keith knocked trees power lines people northeastern mexico lost power people left water houses damaged veracruz roads bridges destroyed heavy rainfall occurred interior northeastern mexico peaking reporting station municipality reported hour rain total inches storm total inches broke precipitation record location counted years data rain caused rivers reach record levels rose october new historical peak rose slightly record rainfall caused dam catch acre feet water october october water released upstream face dam damaged debris repaired overall storm produced million damage million usd state remnants keith interacted cold produce heavy rainfall reaching average precipitation state inches caused causing mudslides cities including high rainfall caused flash flood mountainous areas near forming swift river currents rose dragged people local rivers rescued rivers dragged vehicles moderate total losses storm runoff caused dam receive acre feet water daily dam receive acre feet hour residents lost power people forced evacuated municipalities state including rural areas cost total damages state rose million million year damage urban infrastructure expensive portion damage million million repair damage municipalities particular received approximately quarters infrastructure damage million million usd additionally homes damaged destroyed families relocated safer areas states damage lighter significant total damages rose million million usd million million usd property damage caused storm brings total damage mexico million million usd flooding damaged houses approximately residents state impacted flooding capital city large rivers area overflowed flooding streets banks rivers prevented flooding overall people evacuate mexico storm flooding fatality man downed power line swollen river killed family house flooded overall keith killed people mexico veracruz indirect deaths plane crashed attempting land keith brought intermittent rainfall areas cuba amounts light keith organizing storm drew moisture central_america producing heavy rainfall guatemala rains caused flooding towns inundated approximately farms municipality inches water additionally fatality reported governor department remarked communities cut flooded rivers el_salvador year old man drowned river families evacuate houses damaged destroyed rainfall honduras forced families evacuate houses person died wall collapsed fatalities aircraft disappeared near bridge honduras nicaragua destroyed rebuilt following additionally government agency reported people southern honduras left isolated nicaragua floods storm forced people evacuate houses shelters schools floods affected departments nicaragua began october keith exited region floods caused landslides covered roads isolated communities keith damaged houses country destroyed fatalities storm nicaragua boy swept away fast moving flooded river northeast death occurred man drowned man western portions country died stepping power lines fallen strong winds communities isolated thirteen impassable roads neighborhoods flooded forcing evacuate families house collapsed escape injury rainfall days resultant flooding forced families evacuated significant losses corn beans crops additional families left homes flooding families port city evacuated river overflowed homes flooded region fled homes flooded aftermath october belize ambassador issued appeal international community food money damage keith received government norway immediate relief country belize gave relief areas focused relief groups red_cross united_states navy black hawk helicopters worked deliver rice corn sugar salt cooking oil toilet paper families adjacent isolated villages donated family kits october november distributed food parcels people orange walk time distributed relief items victims shipped containers kitchen sets water families donated donation account help relief effort titled hurricane keith relief fund set town local belize california set donation fundraiser delivered boat donated food clothing building supplies san area immediate aftermath officials enacted looting areas declared disaster areas entirety northern districts total declared disaster areas initial difficulties determining needs affected residents cut communications government sent planes emergency supplies affected offshore islands emergency teams sent soon weather conditions permitted widespread road repairs began immediately keith occurrence online morning october single day tropical cyclone passed area time boat service affected areas pick stranded tourists workers quickly restored power water days storm struck flooding sparked fears spread disease residents advised stay indoors avoid bites poisonous snakes nicaragua united_states ambassador declared disaster prompted united_nations departments provide country keith retired spring north_atlantic hurricane replaced atlantic hurricane season course atlantic hurricane season | Hurricane Keith | Natural sciences | Earth science | Tropical cyclones: Atlantic |
27938_HurricaneBrenda(1973) | hurricane hurricane august tropical cyclone record landfall tropical wave spawned moved west coast africa august traversed atlantic august associated area low pressure developed sufficient convective activity declared tropical depression later day system intensified tropical storm moving inland moved water august began quickly intensify eye forming later day storm peaked upper end category hurricane winds mph making landfall hurricane rapidly weakened moving land dissipated following day mexico later little damage resulted storm severe damage took place areas near second landfall total people killed hurricane left homeless flooding caused considered worst years places meteorological history hurricane originated tropical wave moved western coast africa august initial wave quickly weakened entering atlantic_ocean august wave began passed lesser antilles producing scattered shower thunderstorm activity days later convection associated system consolidated central organized mass august system sufficiently organized declared tropical depression early day depression strengthened tropical storm following reports gale force winds ships vicinity storm prior landfall suddenly intensified central barometric pressure decreasing mbar hpa inhg winds reached mph storm moved inland roughly north northern edge august roughly hours landfall center passed directly city time strong ridge southern texas northern mexico caused storm unusual southwest turn later august center moved gulf_of_mexico specifically bay water began quickly intensify attaining hurricane status later day day defined eye developed storm attained peak intensity high end category hurricane winds mph minimum pressure mbar hpa inhg time tropical storm force winds extended north south storm landfall later day near del mexico intensity hurricane strike region record moving inland rapidly weakened depression morning august dissipated later day impact aftermath tropical wave spawned produced significant amounts rainfall better organized upwards recorded august following landfall northern produced heavy rainfall high winds near mph cost waves recorded offshore freighter trapped storm engines failed united_states_coast_guard responded distress sent ship moved gulf_of_mexico august suffering severe flooding killed people left homeless hurricane worsened situation torrential rainfall additional flooding following damage wrought large earthquake struck region relief efforts collapsing numerous structures winds land mph leading severe wind damage caused total deaths fatalities occurred city flooded deaths occurred coastal city veracruz considered worst flooding city years according officials homes local docks destroyed region estimated people left homeless direct result mexico | Hurricane Brenda (1973) | Natural sciences | Earth science | Tropical cyclones: Atlantic |
28366_TropicalStormGert(2005) | tropical storm tropical storm fourth seven tropical cyclones hurricanes major hurricanes tropical storms landfall mexico formed july seventh named storm atlantic hurricane season tropical wave crossed honduras peninsula organizing tropical depression seven afternoon july upgraded tropical storm early day gaining record earliest formation seventh named storm atlantic hurricane season strengthened little making landfall south late july maximum sustained winds mph minimum central pressure mbar inhg moved inland central mexico dissipating day struck approximately area hurricane emily days earlier causing fear flooding landslides saturated lands precaution people evacuated low lying residences businesses near towns meteorological history tropical wave entered atlantic_ocean africa july wave developed area low pressure passing cape_verde despite organization low failed develop tropical cyclone cool waters sea surface wind shear unfavorable conditions completely destroy wave continued traveling westward lesser antilles july day south puerto_rico wave split northern half moved northwest developed tropical storm franklin bahamas southern half continued westward associated thunderstorm activity increasing july new low pressure area developed tropical wave located area disturbed weather unable develop storm quickly moved yucatán_peninsula day passage peninsula system entered bay lacked deep convection time wave quickly developed deep convection needed tropical cyclone enhancing large scale rotation disturbance forcing air flow parallel mountain range instead result national_hurricane_center miami florida designated tropical depression seven miles east southeast mexico early july cyclone upgraded tropical storm winds mph received continued northwest tropical storm reached peak intensity mph minimum central pressure mbar inhg landfall miles southeast peak intensity july utc interaction land storm quickly weakened tropical depression strength early july remnant low hours hours later day landfall dissipated mountains central mexico preparations track tropical storm slightly north national_hurricane_center initial predictions giving storm time develop result nhc predicted intensify occur primary emphasis forecasts impact rainfall cause particularly area mexico hit previously season hurricanes july mexican national_weather_service issued tropical storm warning eastern coast cabo soon tropical depression seven formed time tropical storm watch issued cabo northward reaching day government veracruz declared state emergency municipalities state making money available affected storm came closer tropical storm warning extended northwards canceled shortly landfall tropical storm struck south category hurricane emily struck tropical storm hit late june result concerns flooding mudslides result saturated ground precaution people evacuated low lying residences businesses near towns veracruz impact highest hour rainfall reports veracruz highest precipitation reading associated damage overall minimal amounting million usd million reported fatality man carried away pushing stalled car flooded stream according government damage state farmland residents dwellings primarily near city lost power running water schools damaged people evacuated low lying areas districts city main highway city closed traffic bridge restricted lane las dam causing river bridge destroyed electric power lost families evacuated seven collective farms hard reach road approximately residences farms affected storm families evacuated relocated seven shelters municipalities flooding collective farms family dwellings overall municipalities affected state losing water electricity storm state government promised necessary steps prevent outbreak virus june cases classic cases years previous year residents lived near evacuated residences state precipitation caused collective farms isolated rest state municipality city building evacuated appeared ground near structure municipalities people evacuated | Tropical Storm Gert (2005) | Natural sciences | Earth science | Tropical cyclones: Atlantic |
33_Arihant-classsubmarine | class submarine class sanskrit class nuclear powered missile submarines built developed billion project design build nuclear powered submarines lead vessel class ins launched extensive sea trials confirmed ready operations february missile submarine built country permanent members history december pakistani war president richard_nixon sent carrier battle group named task force led nuclear powered uss enterprise attempt india response soviet_union sent submarine armed nuclear missiles trail task force event demonstrated significance nuclear weapons missile submarines prime minister following smiling nuclear test director naval headquarters initiated technical feasibility study indigenous nuclear propulsion system project project design construct nuclear submarine took shape 1990s defence minister confirmed project initial intent project design nuclear powered fast attack submarines following nuclear tests conducted india indian pledge use project aligned design missile submarine order complete india nuclear description class submarines nuclear powered missile submarines built project nuclear submarines designed built india submarines long beam draught displacement tonnes long tons short tons diving depth complement including officers sailors boats powered single seven blade propeller powered water achieve maximum speed knots surfaced knots submerged submarines launch tubes carry missiles range missiles range submarines similar class submarine russia train ins class submarine leased russia development submarines powered water highly enriched fuel version designed built centre atomic research included metre section submarine pressure hull containing tank water control room auxiliary control room monitoring safety parameters prototype critical november declared operational september successful operation prototype years enabled production version tested facilities loading replacing fuel naval submarines established detailed engineering design implemented submarine design center facility built control systems submarine steam turbines associated systems integrated supplied lead vessel underwent long extensive process testing launch july propulsion power systems tested high pressure steam trials followed harbor acceptance trials included tests flooding ballast tanks controlled limited depths ins went critical time august december submarine set extensive sea trials ships class exact number planned submarines remains unclear according media reports submarines planned built boat class ins expected commissioned vessels expected commissioned december work second nuclear began second boat prepared sea trials ships class lead ship larger missile launch tubes carry powerful water larger follow class class planned new boats capable carrying missiles timeline | Arihant-class submarine | Warfare | Warships and naval units | Warships of India |
5167_INSShivalik(F47) | ins ins lead ship class stealth multi role frigates built stealth warship built india construction ins built located mumbai keel ship laid july vessel launched april originally planned commissioned delayed started sea trials february eventually commissioned april ins features improved stealth land attacking features preceding class frigates ship use propulsion system service history ins deployed japan india maritime exercise ship group included took india lateral maritime exercise japan japanese represented destroyers maritime patrol aircraft helicopter ships entered tokyo june visiting singapore vietnam philippines stayed tokyo days visit coincided commemoration years diplomatic relations india japan vice admiral flag officer commanding chief eastern naval command visited tokyo witness deployment north pacific battle group deployed india policy ships visited shanghai port june day goodwill tour served fuel logistics tanker destroyers ships left port june leaving port ships conducted routine passage exercise plan visits singapore vietnam philippines japan south_korea china ships visited port malaysia battle group port month long deployment started returned docked april ins participated plan anniversary celebrations held china sailed miles port blair assisted support vessel july participated naval army counter terrorism exercise russia ins india fleet accompanying russia represented destroyer admiral addition auxiliary vessels exercise hosted russia july participated naval exercise southern coast japan navies japan united_states exercise hosted nagasaki japan august visited vietnam goodwill visit commanded captain das september participated maritime exercise india australia deployed india provided ins indian navy maritime patrol aircraft | INS Shivalik (F47) | Warfare | Warships and naval units | Warships of India |
7365_INSShakti(A57) | class fleet tanker service built italian company based second final ship class predecessor largest ships construction vessel began november launched october handed india september commissioned october construction vessel completed record time months contract worth million signed april ins refuel ships time speed tonnes hour predecessors speed hour equipped state art electronics medical facilities storage spaces according admiral significantly add ability conduct sustain operations distant coast design description general characteristics propulsion ins length overall beam draught ships tonnes long tons short tons load complement including officers ship powered man diesel engines providing total power allows ship reach maximum speed knots mph endurance nautical miles knots mph help prevent accidental oil ship features double hull configuration compliance capacity class tanker carry tonnes cargo including tonnes liquid cargo water ship aircraft fuel tonnes solid cargo ammunition modern cargo handling facility board ship enables transfer heavy solid cargo capacity deck crane simultaneous multiple ships sea refuel rate tonnes hour workshop facilities ship support ships fleet capable supporting heavy helicopters self defence systems ship self defence capability equipped indigenous anti missile defence system board systems include fully automatic engine controls power management battle damage control systems according navy ship designed operate command platform ship fitted close weapon systems fire rate rounds minute construction service awarded contract construct april cost million class warships constructed india construction ship began november shipyard italy sea trials started december ship formally handed september years admiral chief commissioned tanker home saying ship enhanced reach navy limits indian_ocean tanker navy displacement tonnes commissioned world war service january decommissioned december whilst second large ship built german yard commissioned february decommissioned july years naval service april took indian navy annual maritime exercise navy exercises ship flagship navy battle group ships began sustained operational deployment ships class guided missile destroyer stealth frigate ins class corvette battle group command according month deployment far india usual area operations naval exercises number countries aimed demonstrate indian navy operational reach deployment battle group participated passage exercises navies countries visited maritime security cooperation included humanitarian aid disaster relief operations visit board search seizure drills anti piracy operations exercises aimed increase naval inter enabling navies function enhanced coordination possible operations addition port visits fleet commander commanding officers ships met high ranking officials navy state administration port management coastal security organisation police maritime security countries visited share professional experiences exchange best practices areas mutual interest ship deployed japan india maritime exercise ship group took india lateral maritime exercise japan japanese maritime self defence force represented destroyers maritime patrol aircraft helicopter ships entered tokyo june visiting singapore vietnam philippines stayed tokyo days visit coincided commemoration years diplomatic relations india japan vice admiral flag officer commanding chief eastern naval command visited tokyo witness south east asia deployment north pacific battle group deployed india policy ships visited shanghai port june day goodwill tour served fuel logistics tanker destroyers ships left port june leaving port ships conducted routine passage exercise visits singapore vietnam philippines japan south_korea china ships visited port malaysia port battle group returned eastern fleet month long deployment started seven ship fleet represented annual exercise concluded march month long theatre level exercise conducted india west coast navy conducted manoeuvres weapon tactical evaluation ships flotilla destroyer amphibious dock ins led ins command admiral flag officer commanding eastern fleet flotilla port march route forward deployment ship vessel fleet regular operational deployment june departed india fleet led rear admiral consisted stealth frigate class destroyer corvette ins carried crew members sailed port blair joined arrived singapore participating maritime exhibition naval exercise ships day port malaysia port ships conduct passage exercises practice conventional wartime drills cooperative military action unconventional sea threats port calls vietnam manila philippines expected return india june fleet deployed mid end june reinforce military ties addition showcasing india naval capabilities july task force comprising ins visited exercises russian fleet consisted guided missile cruiser flagship destroyer admiral auxiliary ships naval aircraft helicopters exercise took place july peter great gulf ships conducted tactical maneuvering drills artillery missile firing drills helicopter deck landing drills exercising task force moved pacific_ocean exercise japanese navy aircraft carrier uss george washington nuclear submarine represented navy japanese maritime self defence force represented destroyers amphibious warfare aircraft harbour phase drills conducted japan bay naval ships transport personnel relief material rescue relief mission cyclone deployed ships eastern fleet exercise deployed overseas exercise navies region indonesia malaysia singapore thailand australia india policy task force sailed command fleet rear admiral commanded ships task force ins newly commissioned anti submarine warfare destroyers missile corvette ships port calls indonesia malaysia thailand exercised days submarine archer fighters patrol aircraft helicopters | INS Shakti (A57) | Warfare | Warships and naval units | Warships of India |
17568_Kolkata-classdestroyer | class destroyer class class stealth guided missile destroyers constructed class comprises ships built dock limited india largest destroyers operated delays construction problem found sea trials initial commissioning date ship class pushed destroyers follow project delhi class destroyers considerably capable major improvements design addition substantial land attack capabilities fitting modern sensors weapons systems development approved follow class earlier project delhi class destroyers aim follow class incorporate higher level air defence land attack anti submarine anti ship capabilities preceding class initially option year redesigned follow class incorporate higher levels technology including modern stealth characteristics year approval construction given concept function project framed navy detailed design developed dock limited construction construction class ships sanctioned government india steel lead ship cut march construction began september mumbai initial expectation class handed navy class suffered consecutive delays slow construction procedures technical problems saw ship class enter service mid delays construction programme attributed persistent design changes incorporate new weapons systems sensors failure ukrainian shipyard deliver ship propellers shafts contract later awarded russian firm finally delay delivery anti air missiles final stages completion class largest destroyers constructed ships class launched fitted technical problems found sea trials lead ship delayed project months early design description class share similar dimensions previous delhi class modifications include major upgrades weaponry sensors helicopter systems standard displacement long tons short tons load displacement long tons short tons largest destroyers operated media reports given load displacement long tons short tons stealth destroyers built india marked significant development india technology ships incorporate modern weapons sensors advanced information warfare suite auxiliary control system sophisticated power distribution architecture crew quarters class length beam draught ship power propulsion features standard combined gas gas system utilizing twin gas turbine plants gas turbines class features diesel engines board generators generators supply ship electricity propellers run configuration allows ship reach speeds excess mph aviation facilities include large flight deck designed handle larger helicopters delhi class enclosed hangar maritime helicopters primary radar class star multi mission equipped long range volume search radar star surveillance radar active towed array bow mounted hull mounted array new generation carried sub surface surveillance protect anti ship missiles coming multiple directions ship carries systems control launching system ship main air defence armament composed cell vertical launching systems allowing medium long range air defence missiles addition fitted close defence anti ship land attack missiles primary offensive armament class missiles fitted cell universal vertical allowing missile launch missiles fired distinctive noticeable armament class naval gun located forward bridge gun provides limited anti shipping capability anti air capability addition naval gun fire support role land based operations anti submarine warfare class equipped torpedo launching system torpedo tubes anti submarine rocket launchers provides combat management million lines codes written develop advanced combat management system onboard system designed data surrounding threat comes place analysis kind threat system advises commanding officer kind weaponry use tackle threat obviously happens real time ship equipped sophisticated digital networks based information highway data sensors weapon ride integrate information platforms indigenous data link system provide maritime domain awareness intricate power supply management remote control monitoring machinery achieved ships class initially total program cost long term spare parts expected cost million construction costs escalated cost program billion ship costing million defense minister cited causes delay supply warship grade steel russia increase costs russian specialists inflation build period wage revision october delay cost weapons sensors | Kolkata-class destroyer | Warfare | Warships and naval units | Warships of India |
24258_INSKursura(S20) | class diesel electric submarine india fourth submarine commissioned december decommissioned february years service participated pakistani war played key role patrol missions later participated naval exercises nations goodwill visits countries preserved museum public access distinction submarine museums retain originality called visit destination despite decommissioned submarine receives navy dressing ship honour usually awarded active ships description length overall beam draught long tons surfaced long tons submerged maximum diving depth complement including officers sailors submarine shafts blade propeller powered diesel engines horsepower electric motors achieve maximum speed knots surface knots submerged knots range mph surfaced mph submerged torpedo tubes carry type torpedoes lay mines instead torpedoes band radar surface search operational history commissioned december soviet_union india fourth submarine commander commander began maiden voyage india february homecoming voyage lasted february april visited mauritius sister boat operational reported flag officer commanding chief western naval command ordered patrol approaches pakistan harbour established waiting stations submarine badly damaged collision destroyer surfaced directly ship drawings damaged portions boat available decided use docked bombay design template metal work repaired months time join pakistani war pakistan war pakistani war operated given patrol duties designated areas war started ordered operate restrictions cross shipping corridors attack target positive identification aims patrol sink pakistani naval warships sink merchant shipping specifically ordered conduct general patrol surveillance started home port november reached patrol location november remained november shifted new patrol location remained november november sea transfer instructions subsequently left bombay reached december patrols encountered fair weather monitored number commercial aircraft flying international routes originally intended lay mines plan later cancelled later service test firing torpedo laid years spare parts submarines underwent refit soviet_union september april operational ins participated anti submarine warfare training exercise victory singapore coast port blair february participated second exercise singapore ins visited singapore indonesia december good visit service years traversing nautical miles decommissioned february despite decommissioned submarine receives navy dressing ship honour usually awarded active ships museum ship present ship towed established museum ship submarine museum idea boat conversion museum credited admiral submarine metres final location took months cost million inaugurated chief minister august open public august retired naval personnel serve guides curator distinction submarine museums retain originality famous tourist attraction city called visit destination hindu million revenue generated year museum million submarine maintenance months museum operation visited people daily visitors usually range shoot tourist season september vice admiral united_states_navy visited submarine wrote fantastic experience proud awesome display said submarine preserved similar united_states major overhaul december repair hull new steel plates arranged cost million august million people visited museum visited people gallery | INS Kursura (S20) | Warfare | Warships and naval units | Warships of India |
25217_Shivalik-classfrigate | class frigate class project class class multi role frigates service stealth warships built india total ships built commission class seven project frigates currently developed projected principal frigates half 21st century ships class built dock limited class lead vessel named hills subsequent vessels class named hill ranges india originally conceived successor class frigates class frigates feature improved stealth features land attacking capabilities design description project conceived 1990s meet need class frigates designed built india specifications project called class ton stealth frigates project incorporating advanced signature suppression signature management features units formally ordered early design embodies indian ships indian naval vessel use combined diesel gas propulsion system designed built main features class stealth characteristics land attack capability ships incorporate structural thermal acoustic stealth features vessels use network increased emphasis crew comfort class ships accommodation provided ins ship makers board general characteristics propulsion class frigates length overall beam draft ships displace tonnes long tons short tons normal load tonnes long tons short tons load complement including officers use diesel engines boost turbines configuration providing total shp power allows ships reach maximum speed knots mph electronics sensors class frigates equipped wide range electronics sensors include radar radars star addition ships use hull mounted array towed array systems suite armament class frigates equipped mix russian indian israeli weapon systems include naval gun anti ship missiles anti aircraft missiles anti submarine rocket launchers triple torpedoes cell launched act close weapon systems ships carry helicopters construction service ships class constructed construction lead ship commenced december ship keel laid july launched april underwent sea trials february commissioned april second ship laid october launched june commissioned august final ship laid september launched commissioned july ships named hill ranges india range range commonly called western lead ship class ins deployed japan india maritime exercise ships included class guided missile destroyer class fleet tanker ins class corvette took india lateral maritime exercise japan japanese maritime self defence force represented destroyers maritime patrol aircraft helicopter deployment north pacific battle group deployed india policy ships visited shanghai port june day goodwill tour served fuel logistics tanker destroyers ships left port june leaving port ships conducted routine passage exercise second ship participated exercise united_states navy indian destroyers corvette ins ships participated exercise included navy consisting embarked carrier air wing class guided missile cruiser guided missile destroyer military fast combat support ship provided support exercise ins participated plan anniversary celebrations held sailing miles port blair assistance support ships india indonesia china conducted high level exercises including anti exercise ships gallery | Shivalik-class frigate | Warfare | Warships and naval units | Warships of India |
36_SovietcruiserKrasnyiKavkaz | soviet cruiser russian red cruiser began construction world war incomplete russian revolution design heavily modified soviets completed world war supported soviet troops siege siege winter awarded guards title april reclassified training ship target service history laid october dockyard admiral imperial_russian_navy cruiser class launched june construction abandoned october revolution ship complete second half engaged completion ship january ship formally renamed captured shortly afterward hull relatively undamaged soviets decided finish ship modified design renamed december completed modernized design commissioned january initially intended accommodate inch guns twin turrets impossible given small lightly constructed hull twin turrets mounting new caliber gun development proved soviets settle single gun turrets end superstructure massively revised fit turrets original millimeter pattern guns removed completed secondary armament caliber guns mounted funnels original internal torpedo tubes replaced triple millimetre torpedo mounts mounted main deck forecastle break given aircraft handling crane catapult wasn installed aft rear funnel catapult imported germany fitted rails capacity mines light cruiser collided shortly commissioning badly damaged bow extensively rebuilt increased overall length metres port visits turkey greece italy refitted probably catapult removed anti aircraft armament greatly increased guns exchanged italian twin gun caliber mounts received single mounts semi automatic fitted machine guns single mounts guns fitted quarterdeck aft main gun turret guns received earlier sources unclear repair late landed aft pair torpedo tubes received mounts salvaged sunken cruiser single mounts naval version gun fitted carrying quadruple vickers machine gun iii mount superfiring main gun turrets cannon world war company cruisers number destroyers laid defensive barrage protecting base june provided gunfire support soviet forces defending escorted convoys bringing month september transported battalion 3rd marine regiment successful amphibious assault romanian lines destroy romanian coastal batteries near escorted convoys october evacuated escorted final evacuation convoy night october siege provided gunfire support evacuated cut troops brought reinforcements ports helped transport december december bombarding german positions interim operation sailed harbor december disembarked reinforcements provided gunfire support soviet troops ashore hit seventeen times axis artillery mortar fire retaliation january ferried supplies reinforcements soviet return voyage severely damaged german dive bombers near misses close stern damaged steering left propeller shaft blew propeller holes stern flooding caused draft increase metres escorted destroyer permanent repairs took october opportunity taken reinforce anti aircraft armament awarded guards title april recognition performance october half sister destroyers ferried men 8th 9th 10th guards reinforce defenses night february soviets series amphibious landings west german lines destroyers provided fire support main landing soviet troops wiped february secondary landing successful loss destroyers attempting german evacuation october caused deployment large naval units express permission meant end active participation war post war history little known activities end war redesignated training ship sunk target ship missiles november | Soviet cruiser Krasnyi Kavkaz | Warfare | Warships and naval units | Warships of Russia |
2335_RussianbattleshipGeorgiiPobedonosets | russian battleship russian saint george victorious battleship built imperial_russian_navy fourth final ship class half sister armor scheme different built later earlier ships participated pursuit battleship june crew loyal crew members regained control ship day ran aground threatened fire left harbor relegated second line duties fired bombardment spent war serving headquarters ship captured sides russian civil war ended towed fleeing white russians eventually scrapped design development originally intended version rearmed inch inch guns changed decision provide twin inch turrets barbettes sisters turrets significantly heavier barbette armour scheme revised compensation revised design deemed overweight rejected held competition replacement rejected turn modified version barbettes chosen readily available choice height armour lowered reduce overweight condition half sisters changes building came early process seriously delay completion past contractual date september changes included smaller main guns eliminated needed sisters forward barbettes calibre guns older calibre guns steel armor imported replaced compound armour half sisters feet inches long waterline feet inches long overall beam feet inches draft feet inches displaced long tons load long tons designed displacement long tons cylinder vertical triple expansion steam engines driving screw propellers feet inches diameter sixteen cylindrical boilers provided steam engines engines boilers imported sons united kingdom long tons overweight engines total designed output indicated horsepower produced ihp trials gave speed knots mph load carried long tons coal provided range nautical miles speed knots mph nautical miles knots mph main armament consisted pairs inch model calibre guns mounted twin barbette mounts forward aft superstructure maximum elevation forward mounts traverse bow beam total rear mount traverse rate fire round minutes seconds including training time fired pound shell muzzle velocity range yards maximum elevation heavy shell available weighed fired velocity range available seven inch model calibre guns mounted broadside pivot mounts hull gun mounted stern hull millimeter single hotchkiss guns mounted battery deck defend ship torpedo boats millimeter hotchkiss guns mounted fighting carried seven water inch torpedo tubes tubes broadside tube stern contrast half sisters armour steel belt armor maximum thickness inches reduced inch steps inches forward inches aft height reduced foot comparison ships class feet reduce weight left inches belt load waterline overweight decrease inches half sisters deck armour inches outside citadel reduced inches service history named saint george victorious built laid launched march completed trials lasted spent career began trials september completed middle briefly joined mutiny june ship vessels battleships cruiser torpedo boats sent capture day fleet approached suddenly retreated followed deliberately officers order sailors fire comrades crew refused won fire won man guns refuse engage sailors rebel sailors bravery member revolutionary sailors organisation broke ordered captain halt ship pushing away refused ship halted pleaded sailors offering let revolutionaries leader crew arrived revolutionaries speech inspired sailors arrest officers second command blow brains apart seizure sailors elected committee locked officers ripped officers ashore decided petty officers ashore day senior captain day loyal crew members regained control ship ran aground surrendered authorities august tried executed sailors got years hard labour proposal radical reconstruction similar proposals reconstruct russo japanese war involved cutting deck replacing armament twin gun turrets equipped inch calibre guns compound armor replaced krupp armor new proposal differed older millimeter guns replaced inch guns originally planned rejected lacked speed stay main fleet hull protection required withstand high explosive shell fire training ship inch calibre guns replaced modern inch calibre guns modified harbour guard ship inch guns removed inch guns added total fourteen fired rounds missing time german battlecruiser bombardment october spent bulk world war static headquarters ship russian revolution joined december captured germans handed allies december british engines april captured sides russian civil war eventually fleet towed sold scrap | Russian battleship Georgii Pobedonosets | Warfare | Warships and naval units | Warships of Russia |
2407_RussiancruiserGromoboi | russian cruiser russian meaning armoured cruiser built imperial_russian_navy late 1890s designed long range commerce served russo japanese war war broke based sorties search japanese shipping conflict early months success armoured cruisers attempted rendezvous main portion sailing port arthur august fleet delayed squadron returned port return squadron encountered japanese squadron armoured cruisers blocking passage base japanese sank oldest russian ship damaged subsequent battle russian ships repaired months ran aground immediately completing repairs action months months damage grounding incident repaired struck successfully returned port armament reinforced repair saw action war transferred end war began lengthy refit completed inactive world war armament protection upgraded war placed reserve sold german company scrapping forced aground near storm route germany scrapped place design description originally intended repeat design modification thicker armour improved engines use hull design meant ships looked alike feet long overall maximum beam feet draught feet ship displaced long tons long tons designed wood copper reduce completed trimmed badly bow reduced speed wet forward loads shifted aft ballast added rear ship correct trim regarded good sea boat afterward easy rapid roll propulsion cruising engine centre shaft equally powerful vertical triple expansion steam engines designed total indicated horsepower developed ihp trials drove ship maximum speed knots mph thirty belleville water tube boilers provided steam engines carry maximum long tons coal gave radius action nautical miles knots mph armament main armament consisted inch calibre pattern guns forward pair mounted casemates forward main deck inch gun rear guns situated abreast protected gun shields guns depressed elevated fired pound projectiles muzzle velocity feet second gave range elevation secondary armament consisted sixteen inch pattern guns gun mounted forecastle stern gun fire remaining guns mounted casemates forward pair inch guns upper deck rest main deck pair mounted upper deck protected gun shields pivot mounts guns elevate fired pound pattern high explosive projectiles muzzle velocity feet second gave range maximum elevation rounds gun carried defence torpedo boats provided variety light calibre weapons millimetre caliber guns mounted upper deck protected gun shields gun fired pound shells range yards maximum elevation muzzle velocity rate fire rounds minute ship carried millimetre hotchkiss guns fired pound shell muzzle velocity rate rounds minute range yards ship carried millimetre hotchkiss guns fired pound shell muzzle velocity rate rounds minute range yards submerged inch torpedo tubes mounted broadside armour hoped increase armour thickness increase armour protection armament use hull design ministry hoped use new resistant krupp armour russian plants proven unable manufacture ordered harvey armour instead fact waterline belt reduced thickness inches older ship inches better protect guns belt shortened feet length feet reduced height inches total feet inches extended feet inches waterline feet waterline belt closed inch bulkheads fore aft casemates inches thick inch backs inch roofs inch thick transverse bulkhead fore aft protected fire armour deck inches thick flat inches thick sloped meet belt protective deck extended fore aft armour deck ranged inches thickness change machinery allowed armour necessary protect tops engine cylinders conning tower walls inches thick krupp armour funnel ammunition protected inches armour lower middle decks service built saint_petersburg construction began june formally laid ship launched transferred november finish fitting forced aground sea ice freed days later needed repairs left december route far_east stopped briefly kiel inspected plymouth officers visited devonport naval base represented russia granting constitution australia visiting sydney melbourne april visiting nagasaki july finally reached port arthur july remained pacific beginning russo japanese war voyage commanded russo japanese war time assigned command rear admiral ships armoured cruisers protected cruiser squadron number sorties japanese shipping early war reasonably successful june squadron sank carrying eighteen siege troops intended siege port arthur battle war bulk located port arthur blockaded japanese august ships port arthur attempted breakout turned battle admiral ordered rendezvous order delayed ships raise steam sortie evening august damaged earlier grounded sail squadron dawn reached island korea japan turned failed ships port arthur squadron miles north island encountered japanese squadron commanded vice admiral tasked patrol japanese force modern armoured cruisers squadrons passed night spotting reversed course light japanese ships russian route turned northeast spotted japanese followed suit albeit slightly course sides opened fire range metres japanese ships concentrated fire rear ship russian formation hit fairly quickly began fall astern ships turned southeast attempt open range blinded russian gunners rising sun prevented broadside guns bearing japanese turned starboard attempt reach korean coast allow rejoin squadron followed suit turned port opened range squadrons developed engine problems japanese squadron slowed conform best speed firing hit times stern flooding steering compartment steered engines speed continued decrease exposing japanese fire steering jammed port turn attempt ships japanese ship suddenly turn starboard increased speed passed ships japanese turned squadrons heading southeast parallel courses quickly turn headed opposing courses hit time knocked inch pounder guns killing wounding japanese squadron opened range turn port russians reversed course time attempt support fire fires extinguished minutes later south allowed russian ships north gave route despite turned ordered way turning north maximum speed knots mph time elderly protected cruisers approaching south arrival allowed pursue armoured cruisers new arrivals dealt fought running battle russians hour half scoring hits force speed knots mph engines broke chase replaced line japanese closed minimum metres opened range metres gunnery officer erroneously informed expended quarters ammunition turned minute rapid fire barrage wish leave thought use remaining ammunition time sunk closed metres order finish sunk receive message shortly japanese turned forced repairs suffered dead wounded far dead wounded captain policy ordering gun crews quick firing guns engaged lie contrast keeping light guns manned times hit times starboard hull seven times port plus hits funnels boats decks suffered fire caused excess charges despite number hits badly damaged waterline belt penetrated repaired months rudimentary facilities available immediately following repairs ran aground outside october ready sea february russians took opportunity reinforce armament inch guns mounted upper deck protected lightly armoured casemates armament rearranged foremost inch guns moved casemates forecastle inch guns moved forward room changes removing lighter guns retained nineteen guns received time testing new radio equipment struck near forward boiler room able return repairs took war interwar period returned war given lengthy refit finished engines boilers rear torpedo tubes removed forward inch torpedo tubes replaced inch tubes foremast removed replaced mainmast moved aft place installed platform mast inch sides inch roof built rear inch guns rear inch guns moved aft protected inch sides inch roof thickness upper deck casemates increased inches armoured towers fore aft built light armament reduced guns engine trials conducted late unsatisfactory delivering indicated horsepower trials run july satisfactory developed indicated horsepower reached knots mph world war served 2nd world war modified serve fast capacity mines engaged german battlecruiser der entrance august armament changed exchanged inch guns bow stern inch guns additions increased broadside inch inch guns remaining light guns removed received inch anti aircraft guns additions raised displacement long tons came control soviet red fleet september treaty brest required soviets evacuate base march interned newly independent finland frozen sailed known ice voyage placed reserve shortly arrival sold german company scrapping july ran aground near tow germany scrapped place | Russian cruiser Gromoboi | Warfare | Warships and naval units | Warships of Russia |
2644_RussianbattleshipNavarin | russian battleship russian pre dreadnought battleship built imperial_russian_navy late 1880s early 1890s ship assigned spent early career deployed mediterranean far_east participated suppression boxer rebellion returning months beginning russo japanese war february assigned relieve russian forces blockaded port arthur sunk japanese destroyers spread linked mines path night struck mines capsized loss crew design description low turret ship modeled british class battleships original requirement smaller ship navy changed mind required larger ship capable operating european seas able coal capacity reach far_east changes design ship ordered included replacement main armament powerful guns caliber increase secondary armament guns ship feet inches long waterline feet long overall beam feet draught feet inches displaced long tons long tons designed displacement long tons crew consisted officers enlisted men cylinder vertical triple expansion steam engines driving propeller shaft total designed output indicated horsepower steam provided cylindrical fire tube boilers pressure kpa psi boiler rooms arranged pairs abreast funnel unusual arrangement gave ship odd nickname factory trials batch boilers showed maintain designed steam pressure flaws construction navy demanded franco russian works replace new boilers expense tests new boilers august showed production steam inadequate factory asked year time problems navy granted construction ship schedule final set sea trials november reached speed knots mph carried maximum long tons coal load provided range nautical miles speed knots mph ship main armament consisted pairs inch model caliber guns mounted powered twin gun turrets fore aft forward turret firing arc rear turret traverse guns rate fire minutes seconds rounds fired pound light shell muzzle velocity range yards elevation rounds gun carried inch pattern caliber guns secondary armament mounted casemates superstructure light shells weighed muzzle velocity maximum range yards fired elevation gun provided rounds ammunition anti torpedo boat armament included fourteen millimetre hotchkiss guns carried superstructure fired pound shell muzzle velocity rate rounds minute range yards total millimetre hotchkiss guns mounted fighting guns arm ship boats fired pound shell muzzle velocity rate rounds minute range yards carried water inch torpedo tubes bow stern pairs broadside tubes ship carried total torpedoes type torpedo carried pound tnt speed settings gave maximum range yards knots mph yards knots mph ship compound armor armored vertical surfaces gun turrets steel maximum thickness waterline armor belt inches reduced inches abreast magazines covered feet ship length feet high tapered thickness inches edge upper inches belt intended waterline ship significantly overweight belt submerged belt terminated inch transverse bulkheads lower belt feet long feet high intended protect bases turrets inch sides closed inch transverse bulkheads fore aft upper protected inch guns inches thick sides sides turrets inches thick conning tower sides inches thickness armor deck inches thick lower inches thick forward aft main armor belt bow stern construction career named ordered april franco russian works construction began july saint_petersburg shipyard ship laid launched october transferred fitting enter service june cost million construction seriously delayed problems boilers late deliveries armor plates gun components compounded building example russian armor plate company lacked capacity gun port armor gun turrets required thickness builder lost track fact place rush order french company assigned baltic fleet began cruise mediterranean_sea august visited greek port october battleship ship ordered far_east early arrived port arthur march took suppression boxer rebellion years later number cruisers sailed baltic december arrived port early began refit following september interrupted start russo japanese war february refit received foot gun sights radio equipment light armament increased millimeter guns displaced equal number millimeter guns superstructure displaced guns mounted turret roofs october set sail port arthur vessels command admiral ships reached port morocco october split forces ordered older ships including proceed mediterranean suez_canal rendezvous madagascar previously planned command departed night reached bay crete week later egypt weeks forces reunited island january remained months finalized arrangements squadron sailed french march reached month later await obsolete ships commanded ships reached bay combined force sailed reorganized ships divisions consisted new class battleships commanded commanded second division battleships armored cruiser admiral retained ships division ill cancer died decided inform fleet order morale captain commander 2nd division idea squadron second command little known actions survivors ship visibility poor battle ship apparently heavily engaged early battle badly damaged later day russian line battle hit times large caliber shells waterline caused major flooding aft quarterdeck rear inch turret ship forced stop repairs time attacked japanese torpedo boats torpedo hits managed underway damaged torpedo boat badly sank later night ship attacked dropped strings mines ahead consisted mines linked cables hitting string draw mines ship mines struck quickly capsized sank men able abandon ship sank alive found hours later man rescued japanese torpedo boat rescued british merchant ship rest crew officers enlisted men lost rescued men said called help fired japanese torpedo boats | Russian battleship Navarin | Warfare | Warships and naval units | Warships of Russia |
2911_RussianbattleshipImperatorNikolaiI | russian battleship russian russian class battleship built late 1880s participated celebration anniversary discovery america new_york_city assigned visited toulon october sailed pacific_ocean sino japanese war remained pacific late returned supported russian interests revolt returned baltic april lengthy refit replaced machinery returning mediterranean returning baltic russo japanese war refitted late serve flagship slightly damaged surrendered japanese following day taken imperial_japanese_navy new served gunnery training ship class coast defense ship training vessel sunk target ship october development originally intended smaller ship half sister lines brazilian battleship armed inch guns contract signed november long ton ship armed inch guns forward barbette quickly cancelled contract quickly let franco russian works repeat earlier ship built difficulties getting drawings forced took opportunity change design number relatively minor ways gun turret barbette mount start construction proved problematic design turret finalized april work forward hull cease months dimensions turret known turret proved long tons heavier older ship barbette slightly bow heavy despite reduction height belt armor compensation description feet inches long waterline feet inches long overall beam feet inches draft feet inches foot inches designed displaced long tons load long tons designed displacement long tons triple cylinder vertical compound steam engines driving single propeller cylindrical boilers provided non steam engines built total designed output indicated horsepower trials powerplant produced total indicated horsepower speed knots mph carried long tons coal gave range nautical miles speed knots mph main armament class ships pair inch model caliber guns carried twin gun turret forward inch model caliber guns center pivot mounts casemates corners citadel hull given pronounced increase arcs fire ahead inch model caliber guns mounted broadside pivot mounts fitted inch guns traverse total mounted end ship fire directly ahead astern millimeter hotchkiss revolving cannon mounted hull ship inch guns defend torpedo boats millimeter hotchkiss revolving cannon mounted fighting carried water inch torpedo tubes bow tubes broadside tube stern armor imported united_kingdom deliveries delayed caused problems construction height waterline armor belt reduced inches comparison half sister feet tall feet designed waterline feet rest protection matched waterline belt forward reduced minimum inches inches older ship walls conning tower inches thick inches half sister history named emperor nicholas russia built franco russian works saint_petersburg laid august launched june completed july trials lasted spring sailed june new_york_city participate celebration honoring anniversary discovery america departure assigned visited toulon october reinforce franco russian alliance commanded captain sailed pacific_ocean sino japanese war arrived nagasaki japan april sailing china remained pacific late returned supported russian interests revolt returned baltic april extensive multi year refit machinery replaced belleville water tube boilers vertical triple expansion steam engines superstructure cut deck mainmast revolving cannon removed retained received sixteen single guns place returned mediterranean september remained russo japanese war transferred baltic refitted late serve flagship squadron departed january pacific slightly damaged receiving hit inch gun inch guns inch guns suffered killed men wounded surrendered admiral following day june taken imperial_japanese_navy renamed near site served gunnery training ship december redesignated class coast defense ship training vessel inch guns removed replaced millimeter caliber guns millimeter pounder guns added stricken sunk target battlecruisers gordon scrapped | Russian battleship Imperator Nikolai I | Warfare | Warships and naval units | Warships of Russia |
2936_RussianmonitorCharodeika | russian monitor russian monitor lead ship class monitors built imperial_russian_navy 1860s served entire career training ship decommissioned broken design description feet long waterline beam feet maximum draft feet inches ship designed displace long tons turned overweight actually displaced long tons crew numbered officers crewmen ship simple horizontal direct acting steam engines driving single propeller engines designed produce total indicated horsepower steam provided coal fired rectangular fire tube boilers achieved ihp speed approximately knots mph sea trials carried maximum long tons coal boilers initially armed pair inch rifled model guns forward gun turret pair inch guns aft turret guns replaced pair inch rifled guns inch guns replaced turn longer powerful inch guns light guns use torpedo boats known fitted aboard ship 1870s received pounder inch guns mounted turret tops variety smaller guns included millimeter quick firing guns inch guns single millimeter hotchkiss guns millimeter hotchkiss revolving cannon millimeter guns ship complete waterline belt wrought iron inches thick amidships inches bow inches stern armor backed inches teak circular turrets protected armor inches thick walls ship oval conning tower inches thick deck inch thick amidships reduced inches ends ship construction service ordered january construction began june admiralty shipyard saint_petersburg formal keel laying june launched september completed cost construction considerably delayed late deliveries drawings material death original builder ship served entire career later assigned training detachment reclassified coast defense ironclad february remained service march turned port disposal ship stricken navy list april finally scrapped | Russian monitor Charodeika | Warfare | Warships and naval units | Warships of Russia |
2983_Evstafi-classbattleship | class battleship class pair pre dreadnought battleships imperial_russian_navy built world war slightly enlarged versions russian battleship increased armour guns numerous alterations result experience russo japanese war seriously delayed completion ships modern ships world war began formed core fleet year war newer dreadnoughts entered service forced german battlecruiser shortly russia declared war ottoman_empire late ships covered fortifications early including attacked managed drive later relegated secondary roles dreadnought entered service late subsequently reserve ships captured germans took city turned allies armistice november engines destroyed british withdrew prevent advancing white russians abandoned whites evacuated scrapped description general characteristics class ships feet long waterline feet inches long overall beam feet draught feet displaced long tons long tons designed displacement long tons class slightly larger feet inches longer foot wider displaced long tons ships double frames divided main compartments transverse watertight bulkheads longitudinal bulkhead presumably separating engine rooms propulsion class cylinder vertical triple expansion steam engines built total designed output indicated horsepower belleville water tube boilers provided steam engines pressure psi kpa cm2 drove screw propellers sea trials powerplant produced total ihp speed knots mph carried maximum long tons coal load provided range nautical miles speed knots mph steam powered carried total output auxiliary rated armament main armament consisted pairs inch calibre pattern guns mounted powered twin turrets fore aft turret firing arc degrees guns rate fire seconds rounds rounds gun carried guns maximum elevation degrees degrees fired pound shell muzzle velocity range yards maximum elevation inch calibre pattern guns mounted corners superstructure armoured casemates guns firing arc degrees fire straight ahead astern range elevation degrees degrees guns fired high explosive shell weighed pounds muzzle velocity degrees elevation range yards rounds gun dozen inch pattern calibre guns mounted lower casemates guns elevate maximum degrees degrees fired shells weighed muzzle velocity maximum range yards fired maximum elevation ships carried rounds gun anti torpedo boat armament consisted fourteen millimetre calibre guns mounted upper deck protected gun shields gun fired pound shells range yards maximum elevation degrees muzzle velocity rate fire rounds minute class carried inch torpedo tubes broadside aft torpedoes carried pound tnt speed settings gave maximum range yards knots mph yards knots mph protection class ships krupp armour maximum thickness waterline belt inches reduced inches abreast magazines covered feet ship length belt feet inches high including feet waterline belt terminated inch transverse bulkheads belt extended bow armour plates inches thick stern inch armour upper belt inches thick intended protect gap waterline belt protected inch guns inches thick inch bulkheads separated gun sides turrets inches thick inch roof barbettes inches thick reduced inches screened armour conning towers sides inches thickness inch roof decks ranged inches thickness construction construction ships began formal keel laying ceremony july july working drawings preliminary calculations approved caused problems progress relatively quick despite caused revolution ships launched years work began fitting considerably delayed number changes navy lessons russo japanese war maximum elevation main guns increased degree degrees number torpedo tubes reduced eliminated millimetre guns armour protection waterline fore aft main belt increased prevent sort damage disabled ships battle second conning tower added rear superstructure design altered probably eliminate splinters conning tower battle yellow sea masts fighting tops replaced light pole masts light replaced heavy boat cranes save weight world war newest ship flagship vice admiral year world war weeks russian declaration war ottoman_empire november set bombard november force consisted pre dreadnoughts cruisers escorted destroyers torpedo boats successfully morning november turned west hunt turkish shipping coast setting course later afternoon following day route ships intercepted german battlecruiser light cruiser came known despite noon hour conditions capital ships initially spot experimented concentrating fire ships control master ship war held fire master ship gunnery commands finally received showed range yards excess estimate yards opened fire data turned broadside scored hit inch shell partially penetrated armor protecting secondary guns detonated ready use ammunition starting fire burnt killed crew returned fire shortly afterward hit middle funnel shell detonated passed funnel destroyed antennae fire control radio meant correct inaccurate range data ships incorrect data saw failed register hits german ship hit times shell failed detonate decided turn away break contact fourteen minutes combat suffered killed wounded hits fired inch shells inch inch shells fired shells main armament armour plates required replacement battle taken old pre dreadnought allowing repairs complete november january ottoman cruiser encountered russian fleet returning bombardment mission eastern black_sea minor engagement forward turret temporarily putting action cruisers escaped superior speed coast bombardment served covering force bombardment missions march earlier uneventful bombardment provoked reaction intercepted russian battleships spotted ottoman destroyer forces turned parallel courses opened fire range yards scored hit multiple near misses admiral ordered ships knots mph making knots mph unable cross russian ships despite superior speed continually turning maneuver bought time able rejoin ships start ottoman forts hit twice german ship broke contact minutes firing fleet assembled admiral attempted pursue german battlecruiser unsuccessful ships subsequently fitted anti aircraft guns turrets screens added funnels light bombs initially received millimetre guns later altered pair guns pair millimetre guns received guns later replaced guns pair millimetre guns august pre dreadnoughts transferred 2nd dreadnought entered service october new dreadnought provided cover bombarded shelled nearby town later ships participated second bombardment reduced reserve march captured germans handed allies following december british wrecked engines april left order prevent advancing white russians later captured sides russian civil war abandoned evacuated november ships scrapped stricken november | Evstafi-class battleship | Warfare | Warships and naval units | Warships of Russia |
3126_AdmiralSpiridov-classmonitor | admiral class monitor admiral class pair monitors built imperial_russian_navy late 1860s sister ships assigned baltic fleet completion remained entire careers aside accidental collisions grounding careers uneventful reclassified coast defense ironclads training ships stricken navy list ship stationary target coal storage barge ultimate unknown design description late begun planning second generation ironclads succeed ships construction ordered ships fully rigged types coastal defense ships march british submitted different designs coastal defense vessels broadside ironclads turret ships decided august broadside designs based hull shape earlier class ironclad better armed fewer powerful guns numerous guns older ships variants worked differed hull draft november committee decided revise designs use gun turrets armed pair massive american designed inch guns armament changed inch rifled muzzle loading guns months later june admiral admiral ordered shallower draft version designs construction ships repeatedly delayed design changes delayed deliveries components significant design changes related armor protection shortly ordered realized specified inch armor latest rifled gun decided existing armor reinforced additional inch armor plate additional wooden backing inside existing armor additional weight offset increasing height hull inches deepened ships draft second change occurred new inch rifled guns able penetrate replica armor scheme june decided significantly armor ships removed gun turret compensate weight extra armor november numerous changes flowed decision engine boilers moved forward foot maintain ships trim transverse bulkheads moved major change added cost ships added delays russian problems rolling thicker armor plates admiral class monitors significantly larger predecessors class feet long waterline beam feet maximum draft feet ships designed displace long tons turned overweight actually displaced long tons fitted shaped ram double hulls subdivided main watertight bulkheads crew consisted officers crewmen propulsion admiral class single cylinder horizontal direct acting steam engine bore inches stroke inches drove single bladed inch propeller steam provided rectangular fire tube boilers pressure kpa psi engine designed produce total indicated horsepower gave ships speeds knots mph ran initial sea trials monitors boiler small steam engine powered ventilation fans pumps admiral class carried long tons coal gave range nautical miles speed knots fitted light fore aft sailing rig pole masts area square feet primary purpose steady ships assist turning armament monitors ultimately designed armed inch rifled guns pair type turret armored bulkhead separated guns inside turret guns replaced single inch gun turret based krupp design russo turkish war inch mortar fitted attack thin deck armor enemy ships accuracy poor later removed probably early 1880s improved powerful inch gun installed aboard admiral 1880s admiral retained original guns rest career light guns use torpedo boats added admiral class ships russo turkish war pair pounder inch guns mounted roofs gun turret guns known fitted included inch quick firing guns millimeter guns millimeter hotchkiss revolving cannon ships carry mines intended create secure anchorage armor hull admiral class monitors completely covered wrought iron armor upper feet inches high lower waterline feet inches high middle inches thick length feet amidships generally inches thick upper inches thick abreast turrets armor inches aft inches forward main belt layer armor backed inches teak reinforced angle came inch inner armor plates backed turn inches teak turrets inches armor gun ports inches reinforced inches teak conning tower inches thick deck armor layers total thickness inch separated layer cloth felt better hits expected upper layer inches thick lower inches ships construction service launching sisters transferred fitting shallow waters saint_petersburg prevented deep draft ships completed added delays dockyard lacked equipment efficiently fit ships ships assigned baltic fleet completion fully equipped trials continued admiral accidentally rammed monitor admiral harbor sister collided monitor years later ship seriously damaged days collision admiral struck speed damaged incident firmly stuck early attempts pull failed killed officer badly wounded monitor possible forward guns removed freed days running aground ships received electric installed late 1870s admiral served flagship captain 1st rank naval maneuvers approaches boilers replaced years later steam powered steering gear installed sisters reclassified coast defense ironclads february time role russian war plans defend anticipated german amphibious landing transferred training ships transferred port march disposal sisters stricken august admiral stationary coal storage barge admiral grounded near target subsequent unknown | Admiral Spiridov-class monitor | Warfare | Warships and naval units | Warships of Russia |
3151_SovietcruiserKomintern | soviet cruiser soviet light cruiser originally named memory mercury class protected cruiser built imperial_russian_navy saw service world war black_sea survived russian civil war heavily damaged repaired service training cruiser reclassified provided gunfire support transported troops siege siege winter damaged repair german air attack july disarmed point towed mouth river sunk october description normally displaced long tons ship overall length metres beam metres mean draft metres powered vertical triple expansion steam engines driving shaft developed total shaft horsepower gave maximum speed knots mph engines powered coal fired belleville boilers ship range nautical miles speed knots mph crew consisted officers men ship rearmed world war fourteen caliber pattern guns single mounts mounted casemates anti aircraft armament consisted millimeter guns mounted submerged millimeter torpedo tubes broadside armored deck casemates millimeters thick armor conning tower millimetres thick service history crew pledged allegiance november soon october revolution occupation early led lay march guns stripped equip armoured trains captured germans left barracks ship renamed september formally handed navy end world war withdrawal powers fell hands whites support triple november engines april order british whites temporarily lost control damaged explosion whites abandoned fell soviet hands spent years repair required parts material sisters damaged given proper revolutionary december recommissioned june refitted training cruiser lost boilers converted classrooms waist guns replaced obsolete guns submerged broadside torpedo tubes removed refit collided seriously damaged forecastle ship sources unclear rearmed probably wasn late 1930s probably forward removed landed guns exchange modern suite anti aircraft guns single single single machine guns modified carry mines speed reduced knots world war company cruisers number destroyers laid defensive barrage protecting base june destroyers assigned cooperate august spent month bombarding romanian positions coast defenses siege escorted number convoys besieged city delivered supplies january ferried troops supplies months badly damaged german air attack march able continue power damaged july moved shortly severely damaged sunk german air attack july deemed non disarmed august september guns forming coast defense batteries sunk refloated point october towed mouth river north sunk | Soviet cruiser Komintern | Warfare | Warships and naval units | Warships of Russia |
3340_RussianmonitorRusalka | russian monitor russian class monitors built imperial_russian_navy 1860s served entire career aside hitting rock long completed uneventful career sank storm loss hands memorial built modern commemorate loss decade later wreck rediscovered bow mud prompted new theory loss design description feet long waterline beam feet maximum draft feet inches ship designed displace long tons turned overweight actually displaced long tons crew numbered officers crewmen ship simple horizontal direct acting steam engines driving single propeller engines designed produce total indicated horsepower steam provided coal fired rectangular fire tube boilers achieved ihp speed approximately knots mph sea trials carried maximum long tons coal boilers initially armed pair inch rifled model guns forward gun turret pair inch guns aft turret guns replaced pair inch rifled guns inch guns replaced turn longer powerful inch guns light guns use torpedo boats known fitted aboard ship 1870s received pounder inch guns mounted turret tops variety smaller guns included millimeter quick firing guns inch guns single millimeter hotchkiss guns millimeter hotchkiss revolving cannon ship complete waterline belt wrought iron inches thick amidships inches bow inches stern armor backed inches teak circular turrets protected armor inches thick walls ship oval conning tower inches thick deck inch thick amidships reduced inches ends ship construction service named mythological creature ordered january construction began june admiralty shipyard saint_petersburg formal keel laying june launched september completed cost construction considerably delayed late deliveries drawings material death original builder ship struck rock finnish coast june damaged plating badly run aground prevent sinking served entire career assigned march ship boilers replaced reclassified coast defense ironclad february sinking command captain 2nd sailed harbor september bound escorted russian cloud captain 2nd hours departure weather deteriorated storm gale force winds rain lost charge sight noon sailed arrived safely trace monitor found corpse sailor washed ashore finnish island extensive searches sea failed locate ship january commission appointed investigate convened rear admiral commander detachment letting sea bad weather losing contact monitor commission concluded ship steering gear failed water entered ship caused lose power caused turn parallel waves superstructure demolished extensive flooding soon overwhelmed small reserve cause obviously sank loss members crew monument september ninth anniversary loss ship monument erected sculpted takes form bronze angel standing granite pedestal discovery wreck claimed found divers soviet salvage agency attempt salvage location match ship discovered spring joint project launched commercial diving company aim finding sunk years earlier july wreck located kilometers south museum research vessel mare days later deep divers precisely located wreck unusually wreck near vertical position following sinking vessel bow meters directly downward muddy gulf buried half length divers found stern lost vessel rising meters sea bed rudder turned starboard wreck generally intact fishing nets aft turret fallen ship vertical position wreck inspired new theory loss nautical archaeologist believes taking water forward leak ventilation bow heavy captain decided turn possibly return ship capsized turn engines running forward speed flooded forward hull meant descended vertically drove hull muddy sea | Russian monitor Rusalka | Warfare | Warships and naval units | Warships of Russia |
3609_AdmiralNakhimov-classcruiser | admiral class cruiser admiral class cruisers group light cruisers built imperial_russian_navy world war began construction interrupted russian revolution ships eventually completed end russian civil war soviets ship completed built essentially original design modified completed years ships participated germans invaded russia june ferried troops cities evacuated wounded bombarded besieging german troops bombed sunk dive bombers november missions badly damaged type aircraft january lengthy repairs completed ship transported reinforcements cities black_sea coast battle reclassified training ship sunk target salvaged target ship description ships essentially enlarged versions class cruisers modified scottish firm designed ships displaced long tons length waterline beam mean draft powered steam turbines driving shaft developed total shaft horsepower gave maximum speed knots mph engines powered yarrow water tube boilers coal fired rest mixed firing ship carried maximum long tons coal additional long tons fuel oil sprayed coal increase burn rate mixed firing boilers capacity steam nautical miles speed knots mph ships crew numbered officers men ships main armament consisted caliber pattern guns single mounts mounted casemates anti aircraft armament consisted millimeter guns mounted submerged millimeter torpedo tubes ships intended carry seaplane cruisers waterline belt consisted inches krupp cemented armor upper belt inch thick gun shields protected inch armour armored decks inches thick armor conning tower inches thick decided add seaplane crane handle decided upgrade admiral anti aircraft guns millimeter weapons ships class receive inch guns decision implemented construction suspended ships construction modifications pair ships ordered march second october hulls ships built fitted naval shipyard construction slowed russian revolution hulls admiral admiral seized germans captured later turned allies november accordance armistice allies turn handed following year assigned fleet admiral run aground dock workers fitting later prevent use whites later salvaged admiral admiral shape completed years neglect scrapped admiral renamed red ukraine december soviets completed march finished original design modifications proposed pair cranes fitted abreast central funnel lift pair water area immediately funnel modified aircraft foremast converted pole submerged torpedo tubes removed replaced triple millimetre torpedo mounts carried deck broadside given lengthy refit aircraft handling equipment removed fire control equipment modernized anti aircraft armament replaced twin italian millimeter gun mounts single millimeter guns seven millimeter anti aircraft machine guns pair torpedo tubes removed admiral renamed red december soviets intended upgrade armament finally settled new caliber gun single gun turrets end superstructure massively revised accommodate turrets original armament removed forward funnel anti aircraft armament consisted caliber millimeter guns mounted funnels like sister received triple torpedo mounts given aircraft handling crane catapult wasn installed aft rear funnel catapult imported germany fitted rails capacity mines refitted probably catapult removed anti aircraft armament greatly increased guns exchanged twin caliber mounts received single mounts semi automatic gun fitted machine guns single mounts guns fitted repair late landed aft pair torpedo tubes received mounts salvaged sunken single mounts naval version gun fitted carrying quadruple vickers machine gun iii mount superfiring main gun turrets cannon service light cruiser collided shortly commissioned badly damaged bow extensively rebuilt increased overall length meters ships port visits turkey greece italy world war company number destroyers laid defensive minefield protecting base june provided gunfire support soviet forces siege escorted convoys bringing reinforcements transported battalion 3rd marine regiment successful amphibious assault romanian lines destroy romanian coastal batteries near ships escorted convoys october evacuation ordered siege provided gunfire support evacuated cut troops brought reinforcements ports hit times bombs german dive bombers november didn sink day crew ordered abandon guns salvaged guns crew incorporated port defenses continued ferry reinforcements ship sailed harbor december landed reinforcements provided gunfire support soviet troops ashore early january severely damaged german dive bombers escorted destroyer permanent repairs took october opportunity taken reinforce anti aircraft armament awarded guards title april recognition performance october helped transport men reinforce defenses night february soviets series amphibious landings west german lines provided fire support main landing soviet troops wiped february loss destroyers attempting german evacuation october caused deployment large naval units express permission meant end ship active participation war post war activities raised november repaired training hulk october target ship grounded spit serve fixed target little known activities end war redesignated training ship sunk target ship missiles november | Admiral Nakhimov-class cruiser | Warfare | Warships and naval units | Warships of Russia |
4631_RussianbattleshipEkaterinaII | russian battleship russian catherine russia lead ship class pre dreadnought battleships built imperial_russian_navy 1880s crew considered unreliable crew battleship june engines propellers prevent joining turned port authorities stricken august designated april sunk torpedo target design description feet inches long waterline feet inches long overall beam feet inches draft feet inches inches designed displacement long tons load long tons designed displacement long tons cylinder vertical compound steam engines built fourteen cylindrical boilers built provided steam engines engines total designed output indicated horsepower produced ihp trials gave speed knots mph load carried long tons coal provided range nautical miles speed knots mph nautical miles knots mph differed sisters mainly inch gun mounts guns powered disappearing gun mounts rate fire minutes seconds aimed rounds forward mounts traverse bow beam total rounds gun carried main guns mounted low feet inches main deck caused extensive damage deck fired bow stern seven inch model calibre guns mounted broadside pivot mounts hull gun mounted stern hull millimeter revolving hotchkiss guns mounted small projected hull pair mounted hull defend ship torpedo boats millimeter revolving hotchkiss guns mounted fighting carried seven water inch torpedo tubes tube forward able bear forward targets tubes mounted broadside forward aft central citadel seventh tube stern history named empress catherine russia class built ship laid june launched completed ran trials transferred fitted spent career naval general staff proposed gun powerful inch calibre guns replace compound armour krupp armor proved expensive machinery upgraded boilers replaced eighteen belleville water tube boilers engines converted triple expansion trials refit ihp speed knots mph november crew considered sympathetic revolutionary movement crew battleship june engines disabled prevent joining turned port authorities stricken august designated april sunk torpedo target remnants ship salvaged | Russian battleship Ekaterina II | Warfare | Warships and naval units | Warships of Russia |
4689_RussianbattleshipChesma(1886) | russian battleship russian second ship class battleships built imperial_russian_navy 1880s ship completed proved overweight meant waterline armor belt submerged russian companies produce advanced armour machinery desired imported united_kingdom belgium spent career crew battleship june ship crew considered unreliable participate pursuit escort towed sought asylum turned port authorities stricken august fully dismantled decided use hull scale armour trials designated april gunnery target ship served torpedo target destroyers attacks settled eventually scrapped design description feet inches long waterline feet inches long overall beam feet inches draft feet inches inches designed displaced long tons load long tons designed displacement long tons cylinder vertical compound steam engines imported company fourteen cylindrical boilers imported provided steam engines engines total designed output indicated horsepower produced ihp trials gave speed knots mph load carried long tons coal provided range nautical miles speed knots mph nautical miles knots mph differed sister ships mainly main armament model caliber guns mounted twin barbette mounts forward aft forward mounts traverse bow beam total rear mount traverse range elevation guns mounted caused list guns trained traversing guns far produced list difficult machinery rotate guns fore aft position problem anticipated water tanks added counteract list proved virtually useless took hours fill problem partially cured equipment rearranged improve balance thorough solutions problem deemed expensive inadequate rate fire reportedly round seventeen minutes including training time rounds gun carried main guns mounted low feet inches main deck caused extensive damage deck fired bow stern fired light shell weighed heavy shell weighed light shell muzzle velocity heavy shell propelled velocity light shell maximum range yards fired elevation seven inch model caliber guns mounted broadside pivot mounts hull gun mounted stern hull millimeter revolving hotchkiss guns mounted small hull defend ship torpedo boats millimeter revolving hotchkiss guns mounted fighting carried seven water inch torpedo tubes tube forward able bear forward targets tubes mounted broadside forward aft central citadel seventh tube stern history named russian victory battle built laid late june launched completed served inactive probably mechanical problems conducted trials spherical observation balloons following year plans radical reconstruction boilers replaced rebuilding involved cutting deck replacing armament twin gun turrets equipped inch caliber guns inch caliber guns turrets armoured citadel krupp armor proved expensive cancelled armor turrets ordered turrets equip pre dreadnought construction crew battleship june crew considered unreliable participate pursuit escorted towed sought asylum ship turned port authorities stricken august fully dismantled decided use hull scale armour trials designated april fitted replica armour system class battleships test effectiveness towed position given list simulate descent angle shells fired long range ironically guns anchored meters away fired inch inch inch shells reduced charges simulate shells fired approximately yards away revealed significant weaknesses support structure armour plates deck protection class ships far construction incorporate served torpedo target destroyers attacks settled eventually scrapped | Russian battleship Chesma (1886) | Warfare | Warships and naval units | Warships of Russia |
4903_RussianbattleshipDvenadsatApostolov | russian battleship russian pre dreadnought battleship built imperial_russian_navy sole ship class served built laid february launched september commissioned december submarine depot ship decommissioned disarmed previous year captured germans handed allies december lying captured sides russian civil war permanently falling hands soviets white russians evacuated stand title ship filming finally scrapped design originally ordered pair battleships second ship awarded firm verge bankruptcy significant progress initial armament planned inch guns twin gun turrets central final form turrets machinery layout decided construction hull began early following september decided increase thickness waterline armour belt inches inches cost long tons decided forward turret feet inches thought ship bow heavy decided original armament fixed inch guns twin gun barbettes end ship inch guns shortened central battery added long tons additional weight ship general characteristics feet inches long waterline feet long overall beam feet draft feet inches exact displacement measured estimated long tons long tons designed displacement long tons hull generally similar class ram feet longer subdivided transverse longitudinal watertight bulkheads complete double inches deep metacentric height feet demonstrated better qualities older class storm october rolled badly leaked ports assessed considerably better fighting ship class propulsion cylinder vertical triple expansion steam engines built total designed output indicated horsepower cylindrical boilers single ended double ended provided steam engines drove metre screw propellers trials powerplant produced ihp speed knots mph initial engine trials funnels raised improve draft superstructure clear funnel gases carried long tons coal load provided range nautical miles speed knots mph total output armament main armament pairs inch model caliber guns mounted twin barbette mounts forward aft maximum elevation traverse rounds gun carried fired pound shell muzzle velocity range yards elevation rate fire round minutes loading machinery work ship inch model caliber guns mounted pivot mounts central sides hull fire traverse total gun arc fire ship carried rounds gun guns elevate maximum fired heavy shell weighed velocity light shell weighed muzzle velocity light shell maximum range yards fired elevation permitted maximum elevation guns fire round minute millimetre hotchkiss guns mounted hull superstructure fired pound shell muzzle velocity rate rounds minute range yards millimetre hotchkiss revolving cannon mounted forward end superstructure platform second funnel fired pound shell muzzle velocity rate rounds minute range yards single versions rate fire rounds minute carried fighting foremast small end superstructure location guns unknown carried water torpedo tubes tube bow tubes broadside tube stern protection compound armour supplied sheffield england comprised bulk armour main waterline belt maximum thickness inches abreast machinery spaces inches abreast magazine inches thick lower edge feet inches long high waterline actually completed overweight belt tapered inches lower edge bulkheads inches thick provided transverse protection ship lower armour feet long inches thick armour inch guns consisted inches steel armour barbette armour inches thick initially barbette open topped inch thick protective hood added later possibly conning tower inch sides steel armour history built laid august launched september sailed fitting joined fleet june fully ready service test new system laying mines rails invented evaluate proper dimensions anti torpedo nets test torpedoes fired ship anti torpedo nets deployed gun unknown calibre burst killing man wounding participated failed attempt recapture battleship june attempted ram sailors sympathetic mutiny reversed engines prevented attempt captain blow ship wires proposed new belleville water tube boilers plan reuse simultaneously proposal inch guns turrets inch guns new estimated cost add long tons displacement proposals rejected believed waste money given obsolete layout proposal smaller guns intended defend attacks enemy light forces initially approved navy minister admiral june later reversed transferred april stricken navy list disarmed april depot ship submarines renamed hulk september harbour duties captured germans handed allies december captured sides russian civil war abandoned evacuated machinery removed stand filming reportedly serving storage hulk sold scrap january | Russian battleship Dvenadsat Apostolov | Warfare | Warships and naval units | Warships of Russia |
5104_RussianfrigateGeneralAdmiral | russian frigate general admiral general admiral russian screw frigate ordered imperial_russian_navy united_states american_civil_war spent bulk career mediterranean_sea evacuated insurgents families crete revolt struck navy list following year broken description general admiral large screw frigate designed captain 1st named general admiral grand duke russia commander built live oak reinforced diagonal longitudinal iron general admiral displaced long tons feet long perpendiculars beam feet inches deep draft copper reduce novel system pipes penetrated connected ventilation fan installed hold prevent decay hull unknown short life suggests effective steam engines rated total indicated horsepower fire tube boilers powered single propeller ship steam engines maximum speed knots mph general admiral propeller hoisted water funnel retracted improve sailing qualities considered excellent reach knots mph sail carried long tons coal gave range nautical miles days provisions practical limit endurance general admiral armament installed russia battery deck carried thirty pounder muzzle loading guns long pounder chase guns upper deck pounder guns long pounder chase guns shell guns mounted fore aft revolving platforms armament revised pounder long pounder guns upper deck removed years later rearranged pounders moved upper deck lower deck long pounders moved lower deck upper deck career general admiral laid september new_york_city launched september delivered march american crew commanded american captain captain accompanied russia total cost including delivery silver route took days reach new_york_city steam record time warship time sailed mediterranean following year command captain stopping kiel july mediterranean port visits nice general admiral departed nice april baltic_sea met newly completed coast defence ship route escorted england baltic years later june general admiral departed mediterranean making port visit copenhagen june route june port visit leaving july bound baltic returned mediterranean year evacuated insurgents families revolt ottoman_empire having returned russia struck navy list june broken following year | Russian frigate General Admiral | Warfare | Warships and naval units | Warships of Russia |
5186_RussianbattleshipGangut(1911) | russian battleship russian lead ship class dreadnoughts imperial_russian_navy built world war class completed named russian victory completed winter ready combat role defend mouth germans tried enter spent time training providing cover operations crew joined general mutiny february revolution joined laid lack manpower recommissioned time renamed russian october revolution reconstructed new boilers fire control systems greatly enlarged winter war bombarded finnish coastal artillery positions time anti aircraft armament greatly reinforced early operation provided gunfire support germans siege despite bombed times repair year retained active duty war training ship struck navy list slowly scrapped design meters long waterline meters long overall beam meters draft meters centimeters designed displacement tonnes long tons short tons load long tons short tons designed displacement long tons short tons machinery built parsons type steam turbines drove propellers engine rooms located turrets transverse compartments outer compartments high pressure ahead reverse turbine wing propeller shaft central engine room low pressure ahead astern turbines cruising turbines driving center shafts engines total designed output shaft horsepower produced shp sister speed trials november gave speed knots mph small tube boilers provided steam engines designed working pressure standard kpa psi boiler fitted oil mixed oil coal burning arranged groups forward group consisted boiler rooms second turret foremost boilers second rear group second turrets comprised compartments boilers load carried long tons coal long tons fuel oil provided range nautical miles speed knots main armament consisted dozen inch pattern caliber guns mounted triple turrets distributed length ship russians believe superfiring turrets offered advantage value fire believing superfiring turrets fire lower turret muzzle blast problems believed distributing turrets associated magazines length ship improved ship sixteen inch caliber pattern guns mounted casemates secondary battery intended defend ship torpedo boats completed single inch caliber anti aircraft gun mounted quarterdeck guns probably added course world war details lacking conway says millimeter added roofs end turrets war inch submerged torpedo tubes mounted torpedoes tube service built saint_petersburg keel laid june launched september end october collided sister delayed trials scheduled november late december entered service january reached assigned sister provided distant cover operations south august russian dreadnought ventured world war ran aground september suffered minor damage minor mutiny broke november executive officer refused feed crew traditional meal meat return captain issue dinner meat restored order ship november december sister provided distant cover operations saw action kind crew joined general mutiny march idle sailors received word february revolution saint_petersburg treaty brest required soviets evacuate base march interned newly independent finland frozen sisters led group ships march reached days later known ice voyage laid november lack manpower renamed russian october revolution june refitted recommissioned march began partial reconstruction october incorporating lessons earlier sisters tubular tower mast replaced larger structure fire control director equipped meter positioned aft superstructure enlarged new structure built forward director required mainmast meters forward leave room large boat cranes mounted mainmast funnel curved rear angled like turret received italian meter roof armor increased millimeter thickness new forecastle fitted like improve millimeter anti aircraft guns added roofs fore aft turrets old boilers replaced dozen oil fired boilers originally intended class battlecruiser space saved add longitudinal watertight bulkhead greatly improved underwater protection original mechanical fire control computer upgraded copy fire control computer designated soviets copy stable vertical changes increased displacement tonnes long tons short tons load overall length meters metacentric height decreased meters designed meters result enlarged finished reconstruction august participation winter war limited bombardment finnish inch coast defense guns december failed inflict permanent damage driven near misses sailed shortly soviets occupied estonia refitted february march anti aircraft armament reinforced twin mounts mounted quarter deck magazines guns probably situated casemates beam lost guns automatic millimeter guns added guns middle turrets fore aft twin single millimeter machine guns directors fitted large cranes replaced smaller ones taken german heavy cruiser room anti aircraft guns june germans invaded soviet_union forced sail advancing germans opened fire troop positions september channel probably landed millimeter guns following day use ashore badly damaged september bomb hits bow knocked turrets sent october repairs soviets took advantage time add guns twin gun mount february april hit heavy medium bombs dropped night april bombs april repairs completed november quadruple gun mount added september supported soviet forces siege offensive january offensive june received air warning radar july awarded order red banner reclassified school battleship july stricken february slowly scrapped hulk survived | Russian battleship Gangut (1911) | Warfare | Warships and naval units | Warships of Russia |
5368_SovietcruiserKalinin | soviet cruiser russian project class cruiser built world war built siberia components shipped european russia saw action war served cold war post war career uneventful disarmed converted floating barracks sold scrap description long waterline long overall beam draft displaced tonnes long tons standard load tonnes long tons load geared steam turbines produced total shaft horsepower trials fell somewhat short designed speed knots mph reaching knots mph trials tonnes long tons overweight ship normally carried tonnes long tons fuel oil tonnes long tons load tonnes long tons gave endurance nautical miles knots mph fuel carried caliber guns electrically powered triple turrets turrets small designed fit limited hull space available cramped rate fire lower designed rounds minute instead guns mounted single cradle minimize space close shot high muzzle blast adjacent barrels affected gun unlike half sisters built european russia secondary armament initially consisted single caliber anti aircraft guns mounted rear funnel guns originally intended run production problems guns stop gap army anti aircraft gun mount production replaced guns light guns initially consisted semi automatic guns rounds gun fully automatic guns thousand rounds gun machine guns rounds gun significantly increased war exchanged guns additional guns light anti aircraft armament consisted powered mounts millimeter torpedo tubes fitted triple received system soviets called experimental soviet system built lacked radars equipped british american radars soviet designed systems british type american radar air search soviet radars main battery fire control anti aircraft fire control provided british type radars service project cruisers pair class cruisers larger powerful anti aircraft armament half sisters assembled newly constructed components built shipyard south laid august launched drydock completed december towed construction prolonged late deliveries western factories example propellers shipped surrounded germans propeller shafts removed factory destroyed germans commissioned ordered prepare transfer soviet northern fleet april extensive preparations voyage included installation special propellers blades strengthening hull withstand ice pressure transfer canceled explanation june alterations remained place remained inactive soviet invasion hosted russian visit october demonstrated main guns aboard spent post war period routine training missions placed reserve reactivated december disarmed converted floating barracks february finally sold scrap april | Soviet cruiser Kalinin | Warfare | Warships and naval units | Warships of Russia |
6074_RussianbattleshipPetropavlovsk(1911) | russian battleship russian battleship russian class dreadnoughts built world war imperial_russian_navy russian class dreadnoughts named russian victory british french siege ship completed winter ready combat role defend mouth germans tried enter spent time training providing cover operations crew joined general mutiny february revolution dreadnought available years october revolution bombarded garrison fort supported light forces operating british ships supporting later crew joined rebellion renamed rebellion crushed reconstructed represented soviet_union years later bombarded finnish coastal artillery position winter war shortly anti aircraft armament upgraded germans invaded june provided gunfire support soviet troops september germans approached later month bow blown sank shallow water hits kilogram bombs detonated forward magazine refloated months later stationary battery providing gunfire support siege plans reconstruct war bow sister accepted formally cancelled renamed nearby river served stationary training ship stricken broken design meters long waterline meters long overall beam meters draft meters centimeters designed displacement tonnes long tons load long tons designed displacement long tons machinery built parsons type steam turbine sets drove propellers engine rooms located turrets compartments outer compartments high pressure ahead reverse turbine wing propeller shaft central engine room low pressure ahead astern turbines cruising turbines driving center shafts engines total designed output shaft horsepower produced shp sister speed trials november gave speed knots mph small tube boilers provided steam engines designed working pressure standard kpa psi boiler fitted oil mixed oil coal burning arranged groups forward group consisted boiler rooms second turret foremost boilers second rear group second turrets comprised compartments boilers load carried long tons coal long tons fuel oil provided range nautical miles speed knots main armament consisted dozen inch pattern caliber guns mounted triple turrets distributed length ship russians believe superfiring turrets offered advantage discounted value fire believed superfiring turrets fire lower turret muzzle blast problems believed distributing turrets associated magazines length ship improved ship sixteen inch caliber pattern guns mounted casemates secondary battery intended defend ship torpedo boats completed single inch caliber anti aircraft gun mounted quarterdeck guns probably added course world war details lacking conway says millimeter guns added roofs end turrets war inch submerged torpedo tubes mounted torpedoes tube service built saint_petersburg keel laid june launched september entered service january months start world war reached assigned sister provided distant cover operations november december saw action kind crew joined general mutiny march idle sailors received word february revolution saint_petersburg treaty brest required soviets evacuate naval base march ships interned newly independent finland frozen sisters led group ships march reached days later known ice voyage dreadnought belonging soviets provided cover smaller ships raiding missions fired support russian destroyer taken bait laid british forces supporting british destroyer appeared operating soviets sortied attack number british destroyers positioned sweep soviets retreated speed opened fire walker yards hit walker twice inflicting minor damage wounding sailors british destroyers eventually got close soviet coastal artillery minefields days later pre dreadnought battleship bombarded garrison fired fewer inch shells garrison surrendered june promised lives subsequently order machine august claimed torpedoed action night attack harbor fact damaged crew joined rebellion march crushed renamed honor french revolutionary leader march primary rangefinder moved platform foremast mounted inch guns roofs fore aft turrets partially reconstructed fall april obvious external change elaborate forward superstructure needed house new fire control instruments fire control director meter positioned tubular foremast meter rangefinder added rear superstructure forward funnel lengthened meters angled backwards attempt exhaust gases away control gunnery spaces added mainmast handle flying boat imported germany stored turret aircraft catapult fitted aircraft land water forecastle added bow given sheer improve sea keeping abilities turrets overhauled guns replaced new meter installed turret boilers converted burn fuel oil powerful boilers allowed forward boilers removed space freed anti aircraft ammunition control spaces cruising turbines removed simplified ship machinery small cost power changes increased displacement tonnes long tons load overall length meters metacentric height increased meters designed meters mainly carried fuel double coal high sides ship weight added world war including increase thickness turret roofs millimeters decreased metacentric height meters unsatisfactory plans reconstruct cancelled germans attacked took britain participation winter war minimal bombarded finnish inch coast defense guns time high explosive shells early anti aircraft armament reinforced exchanged elderly inch guns modern millimeter guns twin mounts mounted quarter deck magazines guns situated casemates beam lost guns point automatic millimeter guns added additions boosted displacement tonnes long tons load sailed shortly soviets occupied estonia returned june days german invasion russia began opened fire troop positions september lightly damaged german centimeter guns september sunk september near simultaneous hits kilogram bombs near forward superstructure caused explosion forward magazine turret blew superstructure forward funnel starboard demolished forward hull frames men killed ship gradually settled meters water sinking commonly credited pilot iii dropped bombs rear ship later refloated floating battery guns removed initially turrets second turret repaired autumn fired total inch shells siege december granite millimeters thick nearby harbor walls laid decks reinforce deck protection transverse bulkhead built frame space filled concrete prevent sinking original bulkhead resumed original war plans reconstruct bow accepted formally cancelled june renamed nearby river november served stationary training ship stricken september ship subsequently broken | Russian battleship Petropavlovsk (1911) | Warfare | Warships and naval units | Warships of Russia |
6765_RussiancruiserRossia | russian cruiser russian armored cruiser imperial_russian_navy built 1890s designed long range commerce served russo japanese war based war broke number sorties search japanese shipping early months war success armored cruisers attempted rendezvous main portion sailing port arthur august delayed return port encountered japanese squadron armored cruisers base shortly turned japanese sank oldest russian ship damaged battle russian ships repaired months end war returned underwent year refit strengthened armament fitted rails laid minefield world war damaged german light cruisers reconstructed beginning late strengthen armament played rest war crew involved revolutionary activities taken late reserve sold scrap design originally intended repeat armored cruiser director wanted armor cover ship design went number changes late early incorporated number technological advances recently available notable change sailing rig general characteristics feet long overall maximum beam feet draught feet displaced long tons long tons designed wood copper reduce considered good sea boat smooth roll sides propulsion effort extend range built unusual machinery arrangement large vertical triple expansion steam engine drove outer propeller shafts small cruising engine drove center shaft speed center propeller steam drive engines simultaneously outer propellers cruising main engines designed total indicated horsepower developed ihp trials drove ship maximum speed knots mph cruising engine developed ihp thirty belleville water tube boilers provided steam engines carry maximum long tons coal gave radius action nautical miles knots mph large warship trials oil fuel carried armament main armament consisted inch caliber pattern guns end ship ship sides protected gun shields guns depressed elevated fired pound projectiles muzzle velocity feet second gave range elevation secondary armament consisted sixteen inch pattern guns gun mounted forecastle stern gun fire remaining guns mounted hull pivot mounts guns elevate fired pound pattern high explosive projectiles muzzle velocity feet second gave range maximum elevation carried rounds gun defense torpedo boats provided variety light caliber weapons millimeter caliber guns mounted upper deck protected gun shields gun fired pound shells range yards maximum elevation muzzle velocity rate fire rounds minute total millimeter hotchkiss guns carried fired pound shell muzzle velocity rate rounds minute range yards eighteen millimeter hotchkiss guns carried fired pound shell muzzle velocity rate rounds minute range yards water inch torpedo tubes mounted exact type torpedo carried likely changed lifetime original inch torpedo maximum range yards speed knots mph pound later replaced improved model speed range settings pound maximum range yards speed knots mph armor newly developed harvey armor saved considerable weight steel armor protection waterline belt extended stern feet short bow extended feet inches waterline feet waterline inches thick amidships reduced inches fore machinery spaces inches stern belt tapered thickness inches lower edge closed forward end inch transverse bulkhead protective inch deck ran forward bulkhead bow main armored deck inches thick inch projected protect tops engine cylinders conning tower walls inches thick funnel protected inches armor lower middle decks operational history built saint_petersburg construction began october formally laid launched april launch towed fitting pushed storm required month free entered service late participated queen_victoria june returned finish trials sailing far_east october reached nagasaki japan march remained pacific beginning russo japanese war russo japanese war start russo japanese war command captain flagship overall command rear admiral ships squadron armored cruisers protected cruiser squadron number sorties japanese shipping early war reasonably successful transport carrying eighteen centimeter siege troops intended siege port arthur sunk june earlier sortie flew observation balloon quarterdeck unsuccessfully locate japanese shipping use aerial device warship high seas time war battle war bulk located port arthur blockaded japanese august ships port arthur attempted breakout turned battle admiral ordered rendezvous order delayed ships raise steam sortie evening august damaged earlier grounded sail squadron dawn reached island korea japan turned failed ships port arthur squadron miles north island encountered japanese squadron commanded vice admiral tasked patrol japanese force modern armored cruisers squadrons passed night spotting reversed course light japanese ships russian route admiral turned northeast spotted japanese followed suit albeit slightly course sides opened fire range meters japanese ships concentrated fire rear ship russian formation hit fairly quickly began fall astern ships admiral turned southeast attempt open range blinded russian gunners prevented broadside guns bearing japanese admiral turned starboard attempt reach korean coast allow rejoin squadron admiral followed suit turned port opened range squadrons developed engine problems time japanese squadron slowed conform best speed firing hit times stern flooding steering compartment steered engines speed continued decrease exposing japanese fire steering jammed port admiral turn attempt ships japanese ship suddenly turn starboard increased speed passed ships japanese admiral turned squadrons heading southeast parallel courses admiral quickly turn headed opposing courses hit time knocked inch pounder guns killing wounding japanese squadron opened range turn port russians reversed course time attempt support fire fires extinguished minutes later admiral south allowed russian ships north gave route despite admiral turned ordered way turning north maximum speed knots mph time admiral elderly protected cruisers approaching south arrival allowed pursue armored cruisers fought running battle russians hour half scoring hits force speed knots mph engines broke chase replaced line japanese closed minimum meters admiral opened range meters gunnery officer erroneously informed expended quarters ammunition turned minute rapid fire barrage wish leave thought remaining ammunition time sunk closed meters order finish admiral sunk receive message shortly japanese turned forced repairs suffered dead wounded far dead wounded captain policy ordering gun crews quick firing guns engaged lay contrast ship keeping light guns manned times hit nineteen times starboard hull port plus hits funnels boats decks half guns knocked fire caused excess charges despite number hits badly damaged waterline belt penetrated hit repaired months rudimentary facilities available effort interfere japanese shipping war interwar period returned arriving april given lengthy refit finished engines boilers mainmast removed received additional inch guns guns lightly armored casemates added upper deck positioned intervals main deck inch guns addition bow gun moved upper deck allow fire increased ship broadside guns represented russia king george june departed september training cruise returning baltic time visit copenhagen march company protected cruisers aurora left training cruise azores september cruising mediterranean april world war served flagship 2nd world war modified serve fast capacity naval mines war january laid minefield company kiel coast damaged german light cruisers reconstructed beginning october increase armament forecastle deck removed fore aft inch guns replaced inch guns mounted centerline forward pair mounted quarterdeck additions increased broadside inch seven inch guns crew took active revolutionary movements came control soviet red fleet september treaty brest required soviets evacuate base march interned newly independent finland frozen sailed known ice voyage placed reserve shortly arrival sold german company scrapping july towed germany grounded coast estonia subsequently towed kiel broken | Russian cruiser Rossia | Warfare | Warships and naval units | Warships of Russia |
7089_RussianmonitorEdinorog | russian monitor russian class monitor built imperial_russian_navy design based american class monitor modified suit russian engines guns construction techniques spending entire career ship active frozen little known service struck navy list converted storage hulk mines renamed ship survived world war stricken ultimate fate unknown description feet long overall beam feet draft feet displaced long tons crew numbered officers enlisted men numbered officers crewmen ship fitted cylinder horizontal direct acting steam engine built drove single propeller steam provided rectangular boilers specific information output ship engine survived ranged indicated horsepower ships class sea trials june reached maximum speed knots mph second slowest ship class ship carried maximum long tons coal gave theoretical endurance nmi knots mph designed armed pair inch muzzle loading guns purchased krupp germany rifled russia project seriously delayed ship completed inch lacked penetration power necessary deal ironclads replaced license built inch muzzle loading guns guns replaced originally intended inch rifled guns wrought iron armor class monitors inch plates class ships ship entirely covered layers armor plates plates extended inches waterline armor backed wooden beam maximum thickness inches gun turret protected layers armor layers armor curved plates layers thick protected base funnel height feet deck unlike predecessors built deck armor save weight modified addition inch armor plates completion unknown fitted manufactured placed storage construction career construction ship began june state owned saint_petersburg laid december launched june entered service july cost total double contract cost ship assigned baltic fleet completion sister ships port visit stockholm sweden july august command general admiral grand duke completed armored ring inches thick inches tall fitted base turret prevent splinters later armored outward curving fitted turret protect crewmen later added probably 1870s upper portion turret gun ports turret mounted light gun probably inch gun defense torpedo boats fourth gun mounted platform aft funnel hurricane deck built funnel turret probably 1870s little known ship career laid winter reclassified coast defense ironclad february turned port disposal july stricken august ship converted storage hulk renamed july year abandoned soviets forced withdraw finland april according terms treaty brest later returned ship redesignated january survived world war renamed stricken june turned ultimate fate unknown | Russian monitor Edinorog | Warfare | Warships and naval units | Warships of Russia |
7193_RussianmonitorAdmiralSpiridov | russian monitor admiral russian monitor admiral ship class monitors built imperial_russian_navy late 1860s ship assigned baltic fleet completion remained entire career aside accidental collision service uneventful sister ships reclassified coast defense ironclads training ships admiral stricken navy list coal storage barge ultimate fate unknown design description admiral class monitors significantly larger predecessors class feet long waterline beam feet maximum draft feet ships designed displace long tons turned overweight actually displaced long tons crew consisted officers crewmen admiral class single cylinder horizontal direct acting steam engine drove single propeller steam provided rectangular fire tube boilers engine designed produce total indicated horsepower gave ship speed knots mph ihp ran initial sea trials years later admiral ran time reaching knots mph ship carried long tons coal gave range nautical miles speed fitted masts light fore aft rig steady aid maneuvering monitors ultimately designed armed inch rifled guns pair turret guns replaced single inch gun russo turkish war inch mortar fitted attack thin deck armor enemy ships accuracy poor later removed probably early 1880s admiral retained original guns powerful inch gun installed date light guns use torpedo boats added admiral class ships russo turkish war pair pounder inch guns mounted roofs gun turret variety small guns known fitted details lacking ships carry mines hull admiral class monitors completely covered wrought iron armor inches thick amidships inches aft inches forward main belt turrets inches armor gun ports inches conning tower inches thick deck armor layers total thickness inch construction service admiral named admiral ordered june saint_petersburg formal keel laying november construction delayed changes design late deliveries components launched august transferred fitting shallow waters saint_petersburg prevented deep draft ships completed added delays dockyard lacked equipment efficiently fit ships officially entered service cost ship assigned baltic fleet completion fully equipped trials continued admiral accidentally rammed monitor admiral harbor slightly damaged steam powered steering gear installed ship reclassified coast defense ironclad february time role russian war plans defend anticipated german amphibious landing admiral assigned training ship transferred port march disposal ship stricken august admiral stationary coal storage barge subsequent fate unknown source suggests sister admiral admiral class monitors floating piers railroad bridge construction saint railroad scrapped 1920s | Russian monitor Admiral Spiridov | Warfare | Warships and naval units | Warships of Russia |
7396_SSCzar | russian ocean liner world war ship later known estonia british ministry war transport world war liner built glasgow sailed north_atlantic routes eastbound voyage october ships came aid burning line steamer russian revolution ship came control managed later management employed carrying united_states troops france united_states navy end world war ship returned parent company placed baltic american line sailing passenger service new_york estonia sold renamed following year polish passenger service outbreak world war initially french british sailed variously north_atlantic african ports indian_ocean ship changed continued duties management scrapped launching early career ocean liner launched march scotland subsidiary gross measured feet long feet funnels masts driven twin screw propellers knots steam engines accommodations passengers class second class class sailed maiden voyage present day copenhagen new_york arriving city june replaced route sailed opposite combinations russia july august sailing carried young family way join father united_states went known american abstract painter october eastbound crossing responded distress calls line steamer fire middle atlantic liner joined ships came aid stricken ship amidst stormy seas crew rescued passengers rescue ships apart rescued march king george united_kingdom recommendation awarded crew award world war outbreak world war august switched service new_york ran sporadically russian revolution suspended service transferred ships including british registry british shipping controller initially placed liner management transferred management end known time ship russian american line ships attached united_states_navy trips carrying american troops france sailed voyage american troops april departed port transports british convoy joined transport escorted american cruiser seattle convoy arrived safely france april sources report returned united_states early june loaded troops virginia set second convoy crossing june sailing american transports morning june princess spotted submarine soon torpedo missed ship yards later morning ships met new_york portion convoy included finland george_washington italian steamer british steamer set france convoy escorted american cruisers north_carolina frederick destroyers stevens battleship texas destroyers joined escort duties group time convoy false alarm floating barrel mistaken submarine arrived brest afternoon june departed october began voyage american troops france sailing company transports america american transport italian steamer british steamer new_york convoy ships escorted cruisers seattle rochester destroyers murray ships arrived safely france october continued transporting commonwealth troops management primarily sailed british ports mediterranean ports typical voyage alexandria returned officers men serving palestine syria egypt plymouth january played role allied intervention russian civil war liner departed hull north russia august arrived friday august british italian troops russia officers men 6th 13th battalions yorkshire regiment interwar civilian service late returned placed service new estonia baltic american trip sailed glasgow january new_york danzig arriving mid february departing february began regular new_york service sailing opposite february estonia outfitted accommodations cabin class class passengers following march accommodations altered cabin class tourist class class passengers voyage began january sailed danzig copenhagen halifax new_york sold polish owned sailed march trip danzig new_york route estonia voyage april renamed polish soldier general continued sailing route august moved service began voyage route april world war signing anglo polish military alliance impending sailed august september ship left gibraltar calling september arrived october picking polish soldiers sailed days later eventually arrived december march underwent refit sailed charter french line end 1930s line sailed ships route intermediate stops african ports march departed port sailed march left sierra returning early april sailing april ship returned april convoy leaving weeks later repeated trip returned convoy time return german invasion france underway nearly weeks sailed final french voyage june liner arrived june sailed day arrived june likely confusion surrounding french surrender june movements days detained july authorities evening crew raised steam sailed ship harbor defiance taking fire shore batteries ship arrived july british duties august latest chartered duties placed management ships retained polish crews carried liaison officer aboard days later joined convoy 44th wartime convoy liverpool nearly ships escorts half ships departed convoy liverpool september half continued way clyde late october june sailed runs clyde iceland late june loaded troops sailed clyde join convoy headed convoy arrived destination july days ships sailed cape_town arriving july leaving ship cape_town sailed july final destination arrived mid august seven months operated indian_ocean primarily sailing middle eastern east african ports beginning late august sailed ports march liner sailed april fire bridge sabotage damaged way south_africa april remained repair june departing east london june resumed african runs november transport departed called returning early december nearly month stay returned duties indian_ocean february visits diego march april return ship extended stay time months resuming runs september began year continuous sailing span lasted mid september ship called bombay twice addition numerous stops putting september general refit months resumed indian_ocean service left january headed visited time april departed visit madras victory europe day headed started india burma july months calcutta docked victory japan day madras arriving port final time september sailed arrived visits september days japanese garrison surrendered end continued sailing singapore india making additional stops port arrived calcutta december time ship continued sail duties indian_ocean specific movements known march purchased time polish crews refused repatriated soviet occupied poland crew members signed british articles april formally handed british authorities renamed vessel empire match naming convention miscellaneous british auxiliary ships port cornwall remaining management performed duties mediterranean ship taken service scrapped | SS Czar | Warfare | Warships and naval units | Warships of Russia |
7838_Charodeika-classmonitor | class monitor class pair monitors built imperial_russian_navy late 1860s designed british built saint_petersburg ships assigned fairly uneventful careers assigned training units struck rock run aground sink reclassified coast defense ironclads sank storm year loss hands sister ship continued service eventually scrapped wreck discovered expedition sponsored design description late begun planning second generation ironclads succeed ships construction issued requirement november twin screw low ship sail baltic_sea armed inch guns protected armor deciding designs accept admiralty decided order ships types march allocated ships submitted different designs competition june ships simplest design awarded new builder provided facilities state owned addition admiralty committed armament armor engines boilers variety smaller components ships class monitors significantly larger predecessor feet long waterline beam feet maximum draft feet inches ships designed displace long tons turned overweight actually displaced long tons fitted shaped ram projected feet forward bow fitted double hulls subdivided watertight bulkheads compartments crew numbered officers crewmen ships feet decks sort moderate sea rolled heavily responding ship wheel degrees rudder applied monitors fitted iron pole masts probably fore aft rigged steady ship propulsion propulsion class simple horizontal direct acting steam engines built engines bore inches stroke inches drove single bladed inch propeller steam provided rectangular boilers pressure kpa psi engines designed produce total indicated horsepower produced ihp gave ships speeds knots mph ran sea trials monitors boiler small steam engine powered ventilation fans pumps class carried maximum long tons range unknown armament monitors designed armed inch rifled guns pair type turret ventilation prevented turrets firing directly forward aft turret bear approximately difficulties manufacturing guns delayed construction monitors forced admiralty change armament pair inch guns forward turret pair inch muzzle loading guns aft turret guns replaced pair inch rifled guns beginning replaced turn longer powerful inch guns ship carried rounds gun light guns use torpedo boats known fitted aboard class ships 1870s variety guns added numbers locations partially known received pounder inch guns mounted roofs gun turret total guns gun aft turret guns known fitted included millimeter quick firing guns millimeter guns millimeter hotchkiss revolving cannon inch guns armor class monitors complete waterline belt wrought iron inches thick amidships inches aft inches forward feet inches high completely covered hull feet inches waterline armor backed inches teak turrets inches armor backed teak conning tower inches thick amidships deck inch thick inches ends ship ships construction service monitors intended delivered construction held delays delivery armor changes construction death august contract transferred mitchell completed years scheduled delivery date cost ships spent entire careers june ripped foot long hole hull struck rock deliberately run aground prevent sinking assigned march later assigned training detachment monitors reclassified coast defense ironclads february sank storm september voyage loss entire crew officers enlisted men despite extensive search traces found body debris washed ashore remained service march turned port disposal ship stricken navy list april finally scrapped wreck discovered july kilometers nmi south joint expedition commercial diving company wreck generally intact fishing nets aft turret fallen ship | Charodeika-class monitor | Warfare | Warships and naval units | Warships of Russia |
7971_RussianbattleshipPoltava(1911) | russian battleship second class battleships imperial_russian_navy built world war class russian dreadnoughts named russian victory sweden completed winter ready combat role defend mouth germans tried enter spent time training providing cover laying operations laid lack trained crew suffered devastating fire following year proposals reconstruct different ways years carried discussed served source spare parts sister ships barracks ship finally struck navy list scrapping began rate intentionally grounded late prevent sunk location germans refloated scrapped beginning design meters long waterline meters long overall beam meters draft meters centimeters designed displacement tonnes long tons short tons load long tons short tons designed displacement long tons short tons machinery built parsons steam turbines drove propellers engine rooms located turrets transverse compartments outer compartments high pressure ahead reverse turbine wing propeller shaft central engine room low pressure ahead astern turbines cruising turbines driving centre shafts engines total designed output shaft horsepower produced shp speed trials november gave speed knots mph small tube boilers provided steam engines designed working pressure standard kpa psi boiler fitted oil mixed oil coal burning arranged groups forward group consisted boiler rooms second turret foremost boilers second rear group second turrets comprised compartments boilers load carried long tons coal long tons fuel oil provided range nautical miles speed knots main armament consisted dozen inch pattern calibre guns mounted triple turrets distributed length ship russians believe super firing turrets offered advantage discounted value fire believed super firing turrets fire lower turret muzzle blast problems believed distributing turrets associated magazines length ship improved ship sixteen inch calibre pattern guns mounted casemates secondary battery intended defend ship torpedo boats completed single inch calibre anti aircraft gun mounted quarterdeck anti aircraft guns probably added course world war details lacking conway says millimeter added roofs end turrets war inch submerged torpedo tubes mounted torpedoes tube service built saint_petersburg laid june launched july end october struck sister jammed anchor damaged hull delayed trials late november entered service december reached assigned gunnery torpedo trials postponed thick winter ice ship class perform power speed trial november played passive world war role prevent germans breaking germans tried ran aground june suffered little damage crew participated february revolution evacuated march despite winter ice shortage crew placed long term conservation october november fire broke forward boiler room interior henceforth source spare parts sisters class battlecruiser considered conversion aircraft carrier service black_sea proved ambitious expensive given state soviet economy shortly end russian civil war modest goal restore original configuration actually began work exhausted allotted funds february time estimated complete january given recently deceased military leader subsequent plans focused modernized equivalent sisters battlecruiser turret deleted save weight considered finally abandoned january work stopped approved plan turn floating battery capacity spare project cancelled july period barracks hulk stripped parts formally discarded december scrapping begun pace german invasion towed run aground late july near siege hull base small ships raised towed scrapped beginning world war turrets guns rebuild coast defence battery remained service | Russian battleship Poltava (1911) | Warfare | Warships and naval units | Warships of Russia |
8246_RussiancruiserPallada(1906) | russian cruiser russian class armored cruisers built imperial_russian_navy decade 20th century assigned world war captured german cruiser run aground month war ship torpedoed german submarine october exploded crew survived warship lost russians war design description feet long overall maximum beam feet draught feet displaced long tons ship crew officers men named honour earlier russian cruiser captured japanese russo japanese war ships named greek goddess ship vertical triple expansion steam engines designed total indicated horsepower developed indicated horsepower sea trials drove ship maximum speed knots mph steam engines provided belleville boilers carry maximum long tons coal range unknown main armament consisted inch calibre guns single turrets fore aft inch gun mounted casemates sides ship hull anti torpedo boat defense provided millimetre calibre guns mounted casemates hull superstructure remaining guns located inch gun casemates pivot mounts gun shields mounted millimetre hotchkiss guns ship submerged inch torpedo tubes mounted broadside ship krupp armour waterline belt millimetres thick machinery spaces fore aft reduced millimetres upper belt casemates millimetres thick armour deck millimetres thick central battery single plate consisted millimetre plate millimetre plates gun turrets protected millimetres armour conning tower walls millimetres thick service built saint_petersburg construction began june formally laid august ship launched november completed february spent entire career august month world war german light cruiser ran aground near island escort destroyer failed pull rescued crew protected cruiser appeared opened fire germans blew ship failed demolish rest ship failed destroy naval discovered russians copy later given british proved enormously helpful reading german wireless traffic armoured cruiser unsuccessfully searched german ships danzig night august months later october torpedoed german submarine blew loss hands russian warship sunk war wreck october finnish newspaper reported wreck discovered group outside near coast finland group waited publishing find ship lying pieces upside depth metres wreck severely damaged sinking covered number details large wooden emblem russian double headed eagle intact inch turrets resting bow section september reported previously largely untouched wreck looted | Russian cruiser Pallada (1906) | Warfare | Warships and naval units | Warships of Russia |
8338_Bayan-classcruiser | class cruiser class group armored cruisers built imperial_russian_navy beginning 20th century ships built france russian shipyards spare capacity lead ship built years earlier later ship participated early naval battles russo japanese war provided naval gunfire support struck trapped harbor subsequent siege port arthur sunk japanese artillery salvaged service imperial_japanese_navy served training ship converted ship sunk target sisters assigned ship lost russians world war sunk german submarine october surviving ships modified lay mines participated german invasion islands decommissioned sold scrap background class marked departure previous russian armored cruisers smaller ships designed serve scouts fleet commerce raiders authorized building program design french shipyard russian shipyards capacity negotiations began march contract signed ship delivery months navy reasonably pleased ship decided order cruiser start russo japanese war february russian shipyards unavailable navy decided simply order repeat minor modifications based war experience attempt minimize work load proved require attention planned contract signed april contract specified drawings turned allow construction identical ships newly available changes generally added weight armor reduced thickness compensate change harvey armor resistant krupp armor meant little actual loss protection description class ships feet inches long overall feet perpendiculars maximum beam feet inches draft feet displaced long tons ships crew officers men vertical triple expansion steam engines driving single propeller shaft steam provided belleville boilers designed total indicated horsepower intended propel cruisers knots mph engines actually developed indicated horsepower sea trials drove ships maximum speeds knots mph carry maximum long tons coal gave range nautical miles knots mph armament main armament class ships consisted inch caliber guns single gun turrets fore aft superstructure guns fired pound shell muzzle velocity elevation range yards ships caliber inch quick firing guns mounted casemates sides ship hull fired shells weighed pounds muzzle velocity range yards fired elevation number smaller guns carried close range defense torpedo boats included caliber millimeter model guns mounted casemates hull superstructure remaining guns located inch gun casemates pivot mounts gun shields gun fired pound shells range yards elevation degrees muzzle velocity class mounted millimeter hotchkiss guns later ships fired pound shell addition fitted millimeter hotchkiss guns fired pound shell muzzle velocity equipped submerged inch torpedo tubes broadside later ships inches size protection waterline belt class ships inches thick machinery spaces fore aft reduced inches upper armor armor protecting casemates inches thick thickness armored deck inches central battery single plate consisted inch plate inch plates gun turret sides protected inches armor roofs inches thick barbettes protected armor plates inch thick sides conning tower inches thick ships service assigned completion based port arthur end suffered minor damage beginning russo japanese war participated action april vice admiral successfully lured portion including vice admiral flagship battleship spotted japanese battleships turned port arthur struck minefield quickly sank detonated magazines bombarding positions july struck repair month subsequently trapped port arthur sunk japanese shells december ship refloated japanese engineers following year repairs replacement armament japanese weapons took complete japanese service initially served training ship converted decommissioned april renamed sunk target august submarine torpedoes later ships assigned baltic fleet completion admiral detached mediterranean times start world war month war captured german cruiser run aground torpedoed german submarine october lost hands wreck discovered surviving sisters modified lay mines shortly war began laid mines war provided cover ships laying minefields admiral fought inconclusive battles german ships war including mid defended moon sound german invasion islands late badly damaged guns removed replaced inch inch guns pair anti aircraft guns added admiral finland declared independence march forced evacuate frozen reached known ice voyage sisters decommissioned sold scrap | Bayan-class cruiser | Warfare | Warships and naval units | Warships of Russia |
8667_RussianmonitorVeschun | russian monitor russian class monitor built imperial_russian_navy belgium design based american class monitor modified suit russian engines guns construction techniques ships class built belgium assembled russia spending entire career ship active frozen little known service stricken converted coal barge renamed abandoned soviets finland ship later scrapped description feet long overall beam feet draft feet displaced long tons crew numbered officers enlisted men numbered officers crewmen ship fitted cylinder horizontal direct acting steam engine built drove single propeller steam provided rectangular boilers specific information output ship engine survived ranged indicated horsepower ships class sea trials july reached maximum speed knots mph ship carried maximum long tons coal gave theoretical endurance nmi knots mph designed armed pair inch muzzle loading guns purchased krupp germany rifled russia project seriously delayed ship completed inch lacked penetration power necessary deal ironclads replaced license built inch muzzle loading guns guns replaced originally intended inch rifled guns wrought iron armor class monitors inch plates class ships ship entirely covered layers armor plates plates extended inches waterline armor backed wooden beam maximum thickness inches gun turret protected layers armor curved plates layers thick protected base funnel height feet deck unlike predecessors built deck armor save weight deck later prepared addition inch armor plates installed construction career began november belgian firm assembly saint_petersburg ship laid december launched entered service cost total double contract cost ship assigned baltic fleet completion sister ships port visit stockholm sweden july august command general admiral grand duke completed armored ring inches thick inches tall fitted base turret prevent splinters later armored outward curving fitted turret protect crewmen later added probably 1870s upper portion turret gun ports turret mounted light gun probably inch gun defense torpedo boats fourth gun mounted platform aft funnel hurricane deck built funnel turret probably 1870s little known ship career laid winter reclassified coast defense ironclad february turned port disposal july stricken august ship converted coal barge removal turret armor wooden backing division hull holds redesignated ship abandoned soviets forced withdraw finland april according terms treaty brest later scrapped | Russian monitor Veschun | Warfare | Warships and naval units | Warships of Russia |
8748_RussianmonitorPerun | russian monitor russian class monitor built imperial_russian_navy design based american class monitor modified suit russian engines guns construction techniques spending entire career ship active frozen little known service struck navy list pilot ship pilot ship damaged rebellion laid run aground flood years later wreck scrapped description feet long overall beam feet draft feet displaced long tons crew numbered officers enlisted men numbered officers crewmen years later ship fitted cylinder horizontal direct acting steam engine built drove single propeller steam provided rectangular boilers specific information output ship engine survived ranged indicated horsepower ships class sea trials august reached maximum speed knots mph carried maximum long tons coal gave theoretical endurance nmi knots mph designed armed pair inch muzzle loading guns purchased krupp germany rifled russia project seriously delayed ship completed inch lacked penetration power necessary deal ironclads replaced license built inch muzzle loading guns guns replaced originally intended inch rifled guns wrought iron armor class monitors inch plates class ships ship entirely covered layers armor plates plates extended inches waterline armor backed wooden beam maximum thickness inches gun turret protected layers armor layers armor curved plates layers thick protected base funnel height feet deck unlike predecessors built deck armor save weight career construction ship began september saint_petersburg laid december launched june entered service september cost total double contract cost ship assigned baltic fleet completion sister ships port visit stockholm sweden july august command general admiral grand duke present american warships visited july august completed armored ring inches thick inches tall fitted base turret prevent splinters later armored outward curving fitted turret protect crewmen later added probably 1870s upper portion turret gun ports turret mounted light gun probably inch gun defense torpedo boats fourth gun mounted platform aft funnel hurricane deck built funnel turret probably 1870s little known ship career laid winter july accidentally rammed ironclad admiral suffered minor damage reclassified coast defense ironclad february turned port disposal july stricken august stricken pilot ship renamed rebellion ship struck artillery fire laid resulting fire badly damaged flood september ran aground subsequently broken scrap | Russian monitor Perun | Warfare | Warships and naval units | Warships of Russia |
8805_RussianironcladPervenets | russian ironclad russian ironclad russian broadside ironclad built imperial_russian_navy britain 1860s ship built abroad russian shipyard mastered techniques required build iron armored vessels assigned baltic fleet completion left russian waters served entire career reduced reserve disarmed stricken following year finally sold end russian civil war ship soviets transport store coal role performed discarded late 1950s apparently scrapped early 1960s design description ship designed coast defense vessel protect approaches saint_petersburg referred self propelled armored floating battery heavy armament protection important factors ship design russian shipyard build iron ironclad warships ordered great_britain means refers heir russian_empire feet long overall beam feet designed draft feet inches displaced long tons iron hull pronounced fitted large bow stern stern ram serving protect rudder propeller ship steer unpredictable habit suddenly probably result poor water flow rudder required men man wheel total crew numbered officers men originally intended use refurbished engine steam ship line received cylinder horizontal return connecting rod steam engine built british firm sons field rated indicated horsepower drove single inch propeller steam provided rectangular fire tube boilers sea trials july engine produced total indicated horsepower gave ship maximum speed knots mph later trials baltic_sea reached knots mph ship carried maximum long tons coal endurance unknown schooner rigged masts lower masts iron yards pine completed powerful guns available russians inch pounder gun mounted broadside guns placed pivot mounts upper deck serve chase guns unfortunately proved incapable penetrating inches wrought iron armor distance yards trials pounders broadside entirely replaced dozen inch rifled guns chase guns replaced inch pounder guns entire ship protected wrought iron armor inches thick reduced inches beginning feet ship ends backed inches teak extended feet waterline ship hull divided watertight transverse longitudinal bulkheads protection underwater damage hull help shells open topped conning tower protected inches armor service ordered london november experienced builder iron ships begun construction broadside ironclad hms months earlier russian naval architects sent london learn techniques british shipyard construction ship actually began following month launched running sea trials august accidentally rammed training ship little damage inflicted escorted steam frigate general admiral left russia days later british crew ship reached august fitted entered service july assigned including delivery fitting costs cost total ship assigned entire career frequently rearmed train officers men latest guns enter service mounted inch inch rifled breech gun deck carried inch rifles upper deck chase guns upper deck mounted platforms extended inch mortar inch gun inch gun inch auto cannon hotchkiss gun uncertain caliber millimeters millimeters mortar removed strained ship structure guns replaced millimeter guns rolled heavily service fitted winter russian ship alleviate cramped conditions ship wheel transferred gun deck platform spanned evaluated fire control system fire guns electrically indicated gunners guns aimed conning tower removed new boilers installed increased engine power indicated horsepower reached knots sea trials reclassified coast defense ironclad february placed reserve december ship disarmed following year stricken navy list september turned port disposal sold september renamed barge soviets acquired ship june transport coal transferred august use coal hulk renamed january july ship discarded late 1950s apparently scrapped early 1960s | Russian ironclad Pervenets | Warfare | Warships and naval units | Warships of Russia |
9376_RussianmonitorAdmiralChichagov | russian monitor admiral russian monitor admiral russian second admiral class monitors built imperial_russian_navy late 1860s ship assigned baltic fleet completion remained entire career aside incident ran aground service uneventful sister ships reclassified coast defense ironclads training ships admiral stricken navy list target ship ultimate fate unknown design description admiral class monitors significantly larger predecessors class feet long waterline beam feet maximum draft feet ships designed displace long tons turned overweight actually displaced long tons crew consisted officers crewmen admiral class single cylinder horizontal direct acting steam engine drove single propeller steam provided rectangular fire tube boilers engine designed produce total indicated horsepower gave ships speeds knots mph ran initial sea trials ship carried long tons coal gave range nautical miles speed fitted masts light fore aft rig steady aid maneuvering monitors ultimately designed armed inch rifled guns pair turret guns replaced single inch gun russo turkish war inch mortar fitted attack thin deck armor enemy ships accuracy poor later removed probably early 1880s improved powerful inch gun installed aboard admiral 1880s light guns use torpedo boats added admiral class ships russo turkish war pair pounder inch guns mounted roofs gun turret variety small guns known fitted details lacking ships carry mines hull admiral class monitors completely covered wrought iron armor inches thick amidships inches aft inches forward main belt turrets inches armor gun ports inches conning tower inches thick deck armor layers total thickness inch construction service admiral named admiral ordered june saint_petersburg formal keel laying november construction delayed changes design late deliveries components launched august transferred fitting shallow waters saint_petersburg prevented deep draft ships completed added delays dockyard lacked equipment efficiently fit ships officially entered service cost july admiral struck near speed damaged incident firmly stuck attempt armored frigate pull failed days later snapped russians started load coal equipment low deck preparation attempt rigging aboard moved unexpectedly badly injuring ship executive officer later died injuries subsequent attempt failed barges floating crane summoned day weight possible transferred barges including forward guns successfully pulled free july admiral damaged incident july accidentally collided monitor ship seriously damaged admiral served flagship captain 1st rank fleet maneuvers approaches reclassified coast defense ironclad february time role russian war plans defend anticipated german amphibious landing admiral assigned training ship transferred russo japanese war reinforce port defenses ship transferred port march disposal ship stricken august hulk target near ultimate fate unknown | Russian monitor Admiral Chichagov | Warfare | Warships and naval units | Warships of Russia |
9482_Stalingrad-classbattlecruiser | class battlecruiser class battlecruiser known project russian soviet_union battlecruiser design smaller expensive counterpart class battlecruisers original role light fast ship intended break attacks royal_navy fast cruiser forces attempt bombardment russia northern ports design able ship similar speed heavily armed design work started german invasion soviet_union opened design hold design intended operate class cruisers proposed aircraft carriers powerful task forces able challenge usa fleet role need powerful ship original design taking cancelled intended fend enemy attacks protect carriers bad weather prevented flying series planned finally began construction supported primarily opposed considerable naval staff project came abrupt end death time second example construction abandoned slips started partially completed ended target ship testing anti ship missiles broken background genesis roots project class began approved tactical requirements russian medium sized cruiser light cruisers classes class battlecruisers intended fulfill following roles engage enemy cruisers armed guns destroy enemy light cruisers support light cruisers lay minefields suppress enemy medium caliber coast defense batteries support landing operations conduct operations enemy maritime lines communication accomplish missions navy desired ship tonnes long tons smaller armed millimeter millimeter guns millimeter anti aircraft guns triple millimeter torpedo mount armored withstand millimeter shells speed knots mph range nmi knots mph able carry launched preliminary designs proposed response displaced tonnes long tons able meet requirements designers recommended increase main armament caliber millimeters strengthened anti aircraft battery reductions armor protection speed range opening month later rendered plans project project classes hold project revived new requirement issued september basically identical original added new requirement protect operations aircraft carriers conduct joint operations estimated characteristics displacement tonnes long tons main guns secondary battery dozen dual purpose guns thirty guns speed range aircraft requirements remained torpedo tubes dropped dozen preliminary designs proposed acceptable new tactical requirement issued november envisioned realistic displacement tonnes long tons speed dropped knots mph range nmi armament revised guns sixteen guns thirty millimeter millimeter guns guns changed admiral believed ships protect planned soviet aircraft carriers bad weather american cruisers pushed built refused begin detailed design work pleading uncertainty post war building situation heavy workload design bureau navy continued studying cruiser designs planned year construction programme period based defensive operations periphery soviet_union anglo american carrier groups submarines attack lines communication large cruisers envisioned construction program program discussed september great disagreement large cruisers favored increasing size main guns push issue admiral resisted bigger problem resistance said impossible lay ships new design changes designs currently production navy saw reason new ships reflecting wartime experience laid beginning resolve dispute special commission appointed led sided ships program improved versions current designs large cruisers begin construction shipyard shipyard planned laid compromise approved november detailed design work began designs equipped guns reaffirmed decree january august navy design proposals armed guns joint design armed guns design slightly smaller tonnes long tons navy tonnes long tons design armor belt thinner identical joint design tonnes long tons smaller reduced secondary armament knots mph faster proposals range nmi knots mph designs weren reviewed march probably need coordinate reaction american marshall plan approved navy heavily protected design subject delays detailed specifications approved didn occur august likely delayed split start june approval specifications heavy ship design bureau began work sketch design submitted approval start technical design begin march alternatives completed differing mainly arrangement guns boiler layout bureau preferred layout navy concurred bureau began technical design formal approval order ready lay ships quarter scheduled reviewed sketch design september rejected ordering smaller faster ship capable knots mph able produce preliminary technical design met demands end year fast time involved process likely explanation designers retained original work possible found room powerful turbines numerous boilers necessary attain specified speed rear twin turrets magazines revealed comparison sketches navy didn like reduce displacement tonnes long tons achieve high speed demanded revealed march meeting revealed critical points thoughts ships responded question purpose ships saying fight enemy heavy cruisers contradicted said purpose fight light cruisers necessary increase speed knots create cruiser cause panic enemy light cruisers disperse destroy furthermore believed fight close home defending coastal waters soviet_union copy americans english face different conditions ships travel far ocean touch bases considering conducting oceanic battles instead fight close shores need large ammunition supply ship like reduction secondary armament accommodate larger machinery extra boilers needed reach speed desired reminded aircraft attack battlecruiser heights ceiling far excess ordered reduction light anti aircraft guns believing escorts defend design approved march allowed technical design process begin completed december reviews navy february led significant changes design april original form bow similar class light cruisers sea trials lead ship class december january proved wet forward hindered ability bow form radically altered stem sheer greatly increased ship gained length possibly response problems addition thickness belt armor increased possibly response weight savings final design submitted approval june preparations working design drawings began approved design general characteristics ships class meters long waterline meters long overall beam meters maximum draft meters forward meters aft displaced tonnes long tons standard load tonnes long tons load large soviet built ships flush deck hull completely save weight longitudinal framing metacentric height estimated presumably design load condition ships triple underneath armored citadel height meters main watertight compartments crew men plus space acting flagship cost ship estimated billion times million class cruiser ship intended commanded rear admiral executive officer political officer heads gunnery engineering divisions captains 1st rank propulsion high speed demanded required geared steam turbines producing shaft horsepower driving propeller powered water tube boilers pressure cm2 kpa psi temperature machinery arranged unit system hit couldn knock boilers turbines ship boiler compartments boilers situated underneath forward funnel turbine compartment wing shafts immediately aft arrangement repeated center shafts tonnes long tons fuel oil carried gave range nmi knots maximum speed knots mph turbo generators drove electrical system addition generators located outside end armored citadel total capacity armor armor scheme battlecruisers complex armor plates different designed withstand cruiser tonnes long tons short tons total displacement devoted armor citadel armor intended provide immunity zone armor piercing shells ranges yards yards remainder armor intended resist inch high explosive shells kilogram bombs belt armor thick inclined angle maximize effectiveness horizontal fire vertical height design waterline covered approximately ship waterline armor covered hull belt protection splinters forward end armored citadel closed millimeter thick transverse bulkhead forward end aft deck armor citadel ranged thickness upper deck millimeter middle deck increased handling rooms millimeter gun turrets lower splinter deck increased waterline forward citadel protected millimeter splinter belt way bow similar extension aft steering gear compartment middle deck splinter belt thick steering gear protected armor sides millimeter deck millimeter armored bulkhead aft additional armored plates fixed bulkhead underwater protection system protect diving shells hitting level waterline belt varied depending location ranged oddly amidships magazines main battery turrets protected armor faces sides armor roofs barbettes maximum forward faces face main deck protected armor turrets protected armor splinter protection forward conning tower forward face aft section millimeter roof controls cable runs protected millimeter tube lower conning tower supporting structure protected plates aft lightly protected auxiliary control station millimeter sides middle lower decks funnel protected armor upper middle decks millimeter upper millimeter lower protected boilers shells fragments entering openings torpedo protection system developed basis model tests scale trials incomplete hull battlecruiser expected resist torpedo equivalent tnt external bulkheads thick second fourth presumably thinner ends ships bulkheads outer space left middle spaces filled oil intended exchanged sea water consumed inner space left curious feature second bulkheads concave profile apparently believed improve protective qualities indication total depth system amidships shallow triple underneath armored citadel believed protect ship charge equivalent tnt meters ship hull armament use era millimeter gun originally planned use guns ordered decided adopt new powerful caliber gun size use newly designed triple turrets individual gun weighed long tons short tons complete turret weighed long tons short tons guns depressed elevated rate second traverse speed second turret remotely controlled main fire control director locally controlled necessary fired kilogram shells muzzle velocity maximum range rate fire rounds minute rounds aboard gun barrel completed december evaluation purposes ships canceled earlier year caliber guns new design fitted new twin gun dual purpose mount individual gun weighed long tons short tons complete turret weighed long tons short tons guns mount elevate rate second traverse speed second guns fired kilogram shells muzzle velocity maximum horizontal range rate fire rounds minute rounds gun millimeter caliber light anti aircraft guns carried quadruple power driven fully enclosed mounts mounts fitted forward funnel superimposed rear main gun turret individual gun weighed complete mount weighed long tons short tons guns mount elevate rate second traverse speed second gun fired kilogram shells muzzle velocity maximum horizontal range rate fire rounds minute rounds carried gun millimeter caliber guns carried quadruple powered mounts designed especially fully lightly armored splinters individual gun weighed complete mount weighed long tons short tons guns mount elevate rate second traverse speed second gun fired kilogram shells muzzle velocity maximum effective range effective rate fire rounds minute rounds carried gun electronics target data director derived nato designation fire control radar radars mounted turrets nos backed single optical director mount fitted meter meter mounts fitted range finding radars probably nato designation egg cup controlled directors pair gun mounts carried meter rangefinder nato designation fire control radar air search capability provided nato designation radar anti aircraft fire control provided nato designation radars main air search radar nato designation soviet development wartime radar range aerial targets surface targets main surface search radar nato designation range surface targets navigational radars soviet electronics fairly primitive period trials light cruiser carried systems revealed effective range surface search radar fire control radars problems transferring data air search radar anti aircraft fire control radars problem dealing high speed aircraft interfered ultra radio reception radar mounted mainmast system foremast infrared carried superstructure antenna comprised system fitted addition radio direction missile variant design bureau proposed variants design cruise missiles missiles launched vertical tubes replacing forward turrets version entire main armament proposal dropped types needed fully stabilized launching platform chance hitting targets missiles need hours preparation time construction ships started sections laid november class battleship begun construction need reconstruction lower end occupied hull class light cruiser scheduled launch end keel laid september unnamed ship laid yard october soviet sources refer proposed names fourth ship apparently ordered yard laid formal keel laying december hoped launched november eve 36th anniversary october revolution deliveries steel armor machinery equipment delayed arrived sequence despite extraordinary efforts slowed construction fell months schedule true ships january intended complete actually planned finished unnamed ship intended complete ships canceled april death march hulls ship scrapped later year ministry ordered june hull ready launching weapons tests hull launched april stern complete dismantled bow hadn built work suspended year earlier central meter long section modified new role career target hulk hull towed driven ashore high winds southern entrance grounded rocky shallow water shore number ordinary methods ship couldn nearly loaded rocky meant couldn excavated underneath attempt force provided cruisers unsuccessfully tow attempts explosive charges create shock waves pivot stern deeper water combination attempting pull holes blown sides flooded compartments grounded firmly time detailed assessment situation steel projections discovered underside hull left launching ranged length totally calculations force required free battleship harbor october delayed salvage operations end year hull water pumped projections removed raise stern slightly pivot deeper water trim elevate bow pull free preparations time consuming wasn mid july pulled rocks given permanent repairs moved target seven anti ship missiles fired converted class cruiser admiral december missiles penetrated upper main decks devastated upper hull change ship draught details known tests reportedly served target missiles wide variety armor piercing munitions early 1960s come end scrapped possibly | Stalingrad-class battlecruiser | Warfare | Warships and naval units | Warships of Russia |
10152_RussiansubmarineAG-22 | russian submarine russian submarine class submarine designed american holland torpedo boat company electric boat company built imperial_russian_navy world war submarine fabricated canada shipped russia service completed russian civil war joined fleet evacuated interned tunisia abandoned subsequently scrapped description single submarine pressure hull divided watertight compartments submarine length feet inches overall beam feet draft feet inches displaced long tons surface long tons submerged class submarines diving depth feet crew officers enlisted men submarine bladed propellers driven horsepower diesel engine horsepower electric motors arrangement gave maximum speed knots mph surfaced knots mph submerged range nmi knots mph surface nmi knots mph submerged fuel capacity long tons fuel oil class submarines equipped inch torpedo tubes bow carried torpedoes surface combat millimeter deck gun construction service holland design widely exported world war imperial_russian_navy ordered total version known american holland class russian american holland submarines built canada knock kits assembly russia steel submarines second batch ordered russians assembled new_brunswick months later sent vancouver rail sections loaded ships shipped loaded transported assembled assembly delayed unrest caused russian revolution subsequent russian civil war completed time controlled whites took evacuated late came called ultimately granted asylum february abandoned november subsequently scrapped | Russian submarine AG-22 | Warfare | Warships and naval units | Warships of Russia |
11198_ImperatorAleksandrII-classbattleship | class battleship class battleships battleships built imperial_russian_navy 1880s intended counter small armored ships baltic powers construction prolonged ships virtually completed served baltic gunnery training ship inactive world war joining sold scrap served baltic pacific_ocean sino japanese war russo japanese war surrendered commissioned imperial_japanese_navy sunk target design class battleships steel battleships built designed allow russia dominate baltic_sea defeating rival ships like danish ironclad german class ironclads built wrought iron designed according tactical theories day emphasized incorporated ram bow addition forecastle deck sloped slightly downwards allow main guns fire waterline enemy short range ship closed ram transverse armored bulkhead protected forward guns fire armor originally provided protect given sailing rig allow deployments mediterranean distant locations actually originally going built completely different design changed minute modified version design significant differences ships general characteristics feet long waterline feet inches long overall beam draft feet inches displaced long tons load long tons designed displacement long tons similar sister draft feet inches long tons heavier sister hull subdivided centerline longitudinal transverse watertight bulkheads double extending frame frame metacentric height feet inches considered good qualities tactical diameter yards complete circle seven minutes seconds propulsion class ships cylinder vertical compound steam engines driving foot screw propellers cylindrical boilers provided steam engines engines built total designed output ihp trials powerplant produced ihp speed knots mph carried long tons coal provided range nautical miles speed knots mph nautical miles speed knots mph engines built designed output ihp disappointment trials producing ihp speed knots mph carried long tons coal gave range nautical miles speed knots mph armament main armament class ships pair inch model caliber guns fitted twin barbette mount forward guns fitted turret guns maximum elevation traverse rounds gun carried fired pound shell muzzle velocity range yards elevation rate fire round minutes inch model caliber guns center pivot mounts casemates corners citadel hull increase arcs fire ahead forward guns traverse total including targets centerline rear guns arc fire fire targets centerline guns maximum elevation provided rounds gun fired light shell weighed heavy shell weighed muzzle velocity achieved depended shell weight type light shell brown powder reached shell powder achieved contrast heavy shell brown powder propelled velocity light shell maximum range yards fired elevation powder rate fire round minute inch model caliber guns mounted broadside pivot mounts fitted inch guns traverse total mounted end ship fire directly ahead astern gun arc fire guns elevate maximum fired heavy shell weighed velocity light shell weighed muzzle velocity light shell maximum range yards fired elevation fire round minute millimeter hotchkiss revolving cannon mounted hull ship inch guns defend torpedo boats fired pound shell muzzle velocity rate rounds minute range yards millimeter hotchkiss revolving cannon mounted fighting fired pound shell muzzle velocity rate rounds minute range yards carried water inch torpedo tubes bow broadside tubes traverse tube stern smaller inch torpedo tubes mounted ship mines carried torpedo tubes arranged differently bow broadside forward aft usual stern tube protection compound armor class ships main waterline belt maximum thickness inches abreast machinery spaces high supposed extend waterline design displacement feet actually waterline actually completed belt tapered inches lower edge stages inches thick abreast magazines inches bow inches stern backed inches wood configuration waterline belt differed somewhat sister belt feet high designed waterline feet bow stern inches thick flat protective deck positioned upper edge belt ships inches thick consisted layers mild steel barbette turret sides thickness inches turret roof inches thick initially barbette open topped inch thick protective hood added late transverse bulkheads inches thick inch guns protected patch armor inches thick inch guns patch inches thick originally armor main belt added original disappearing main guns mounts pear shaped barbette deleted weight available separated guns armor guns conning tower inch sides inches thick thick roof ships construction russian named emperor russia built saint_petersburg laid july launched july completed june trials lasted spring russian named emperor nicholas russia built franco russian works saint_petersburg construction began march launched june completed july trials lasted year history served represented russia cruiser opening kiel canal june ran aground later year suffered little damage joining august supported russian interests revolt returned september december modified serve artillery school ship secondary armament replaced modern guns crew refused suppress garrison defending august assigned world war mainly based crew active revolutionary movement renamed russian dawn freedom turned port authority april sold scrap august towed germany autumn stricken november according conway world fighting ships reconstructed france torpedo tubes removed inch guns exchanged inch caliber guns inch caliber guns revolver cannon exchanged pounder guns confirms torpedo tubes removed claims inch guns replaced inch fifth placed stern old inch guns exchanged newer powerful models guns added upper deck presumably replacing old revolver cannon happened russia france sailed june new_york_city participate celebration honoring anniversary discovery america assigned return visited toulon october sailing pacific_ocean sino japanese war arrived nagasaki japan april remained pacific late returned supported russian interests revolt returning baltic april extensively refitted received new engines boilers returned mediterranean september remained years refitted late russo japanese war served flagship departed january pacific slightly damaged receiving hit inch gun inch guns inch guns suffered killed men wounded surrendered admiral following day taken imperial_japanese_navy serving gunnery training ship class coast defense ship training vessel stricken sunk target battlecruisers gordon imperial_japanese_navy claim scrapped | Imperator Aleksandr II-class battleship | Warfare | Warships and naval units | Warships of Russia |
11635_RussianbattleshipImperatritsaEkaterinaVelikaya | russian battleship russian great second ship class dreadnoughts imperial_russian_navy begun world war completed saw service engaged german battlecruiser inflicted splinter damage taking damage renamed russian free russia february revolution saw combat evacuated germans approached scuttled harbor following month germans demanded soviets hand according terms treaty brest description slightly larger half sisters meters long waterline beam meters feet inches longer feet wider half sisters exact draft known draft meters trials displacement long tons load long tons designed displacement long tons ship class proved bow heavy service tended ship large amounts water forward casemates ammunition forward inch guns reduced rounds forward ammunition reduced rounds gun attempt compensate trim longer length meant affected trim problem begin fitted parsons type steam turbines built technical assistance designed total shaft horsepower produced shp trials mixed firing triangular yarrow water tube boilers powered turbines working pressure psi designed speed knots mph maximum coal capacity long tons plus long tons fuel oil gave range nautical miles speed nautical miles economical speed electrical power generated main curtis turbo generators auxiliary units main armament consisted inch pattern caliber guns mounted triple turrets distributed length ship secondary armament consisted eighteen millimeter pattern caliber guns mounted casemates arranged groups guns forward turret rear funnel remaining rear turret fitted millimeter anti aircraft guns mounted roof fore turret aft turret inch submerged torpedo tubes mounted tubes broadside forward magazine service built shipyard laid october ceremonial event design finalized contract signed decided advice vickers increase dimensions sisters prevent overweight added million gold cost delayed start construction months past sisters suffered number delays construction method armor supports changed armor plates locked type joint better distribute shock impact based scale armor trials conducted hulk old pre dreadnought battleship added long tons weight ship launched june renamed june completed october ran trials remainder year nearly sunk russian destroyer january destroyer fired seven torpedoes case mistaken identity missed days later encountered ottoman battlecruiser long range ships opened fire yards got slower russian dreadnought damaging fired shells longer ranged guns inflicted splinter damage pulled range months later half sister alerted intercepted radio sortied attempt intercept returned bombardment russian port july north avoided russians paralleling bulgarian coastline february revolution renamed russian free russia april sailed april german troops approached city ship scuttled june torpedoes fired destroyer harbor prevent turned germans required treaty brest fourth torpedo caused massive explosion capsized sank minutes attempt salvage 1920s inch shells salvaged wreck explosive charges gain access magazines day charge set torpedo caused nearby powder magazine explode throwing column water metres air injured salvage work type ceased parts engines boilers later salvaged | Russian battleship Imperatritsa Ekaterina Velikaya | Warfare | Warships and naval units | Warships of Russia |
11870_RussianbattleshipOryol | russian battleship russian class battleship built decade 20th century ship completed months start russo japanese war february assigned sent far_east months later break japanese blockade port arthur japanese captured port squadron transit destination changed badly damaged surrendered japanese service japanese reconstructed japanese reclassified imperial_japanese_navy coastal defence ship participated beginning world war supported japanese troops landed siberia russian civil war training ship beginning september ship disarmed comply terms sunk target ship design description class battleships centerpiece naval building program needs far east intended defend newly leased warm water port port arthur china obtained lease triple intervention france russia germany forced japan return china japanese victory sino japanese war russian lease seen adding insult injury japanese confirmed countries collision course spheres influence korea china battleships ordered program french designed built imperial_russian_navy purchased license build ships domestic shipyards derived design enlarged suit russian equipment significantly thinner armor reduce weight feet long overall beam feet inch draft feet inches deep load designed displace long tons long tons overweight actually displaced long tons caused problem sister sea trials october high speed turn caused heel submerged millimeter guns ship crew consisted officers enlisted men design based modified suit russian machinery ship powered cylinder triple expansion steam engines steam generated belleville boilers engines rated indicated horsepower designed reach speed knots mph engines achieved indicated horsepower official machinery trials september ship able reach designed speed carried maximum long tons coal allowed steam nautical miles speed knots mph ship main battery consisted inch guns mounted twin gun turrets forward aft superstructure secondary armament consisted inch quick firing guns mounted twin gun turrets number smaller guns carried defence torpedo boats included millimeter guns millimeter hotchkiss guns armed inch torpedo tubes bow stern water submerged broadside waterline armor belt consisted krupp armor inches thick armor gun turrets maximum thickness deck ranged inches thickness anti torpedo bulkheads inches thick service construction began eagle november saint_petersburg ship laid june launched july fitting preparation installation armor temporary removed allowed water enter sank ship days later water pumped ship refloated incident completed october cost october set sail port arthur vessels overall command vice admiral led squadron atlantic coast africa rounding cape good hope reached island north west coast madagascar january remained months finalized arrangements squadron sailed french march reached month later await obsolete ships commanded ships reached bay combined force sailed additional coal supplies loaded lengthy voyage ship long tons overweight stored high ship reduced stability important aspect additional weight completely submerged ship main armor belt decided direct route intercepted japanese command admiral beginning battle ship line 1st division consisted class battleships direct command ship fired shots ship captain ordered open fire japanese cruiser russian formation range meters given pre battle instructions fleet covering situation ordered cease fire rounds fired effect heavily engaged early battle set fire japanese shells time hour battle began japanese cruiser fired torpedoes ship torpedoes missed russian formation early battle second line sister japanese battleships generally concentrated fire time sank hit number times seriously damaged took lead sunk joined ordered japanese battleships gathering darkness assumed command remains fleet continued ships discovered japanese early following morning attacked battleships faster japanese ships stayed range ships effectively reply decided surrender ships return fire close range ship formally stricken navy list september battle probably hit inch inch inch thirty inch shells smaller rounds fragments ship large holes portions moderately damaged inch inch shells hit armor failed penetrate left gun forward inch turret struck inch shell broke muzzle inch shell struck roof rear inch turret forced limited maximum elevation left gun inch gun turrets jammed hits inch shells burnt ammunition fire turret damaged inch shell struck supporting tube splinters inch shells entered conning tower wounded badly later died wounds casualties totaled crewmen killed approximately wounded japanese career followed japan battle developed list starboard engines began fail escorted occasionally towed battleship armored cruiser diverted emergency repairs lasted july repair renamed june eponymous province japanese substantially rebuilt naval arsenal officially recommissioned imperial_japanese_navy november reduce weight funnels shortened fighting tops removed superstructure reduced height twin inch gun turrets removed replaced half dozen inch guns pedestal mounts protected gun shields fore aft inch guns deck lower level guns millimeter gun positions millimeter guns replaced sixteen japanese built pounder cwt guns submerged broadside inch torpedo tubes replaced original torpedo armament boilers replaced unknown number japanese built water tube boilers changes reduced displacement approximately long tons crew totaled officers crewmen assigned 1st fleet november participated naval maneuvers 2nd fleet rejoining 1st fleet following year september ship reclassified second class coastal defense ship shortly start world war assigned 2nd division 2nd fleet formed captured russian ships division blockaded port bombarded german defenses siege august november participate year naval maneuvers subsequent fleet review assigned 3rd fleet january flagship landed company marines days later start japanese intervention siberia russian civil war returned september subsequently relieved assignment ship assigned defend september june based reclassified class coast defense ship september training ship accordance terms japan agreed scrap disarmed april depot ship struck september moored west island near mouth tokyo bay target aircraft july finally sinking july | Russian battleship Oryol | Warfare | Warships and naval units | Warships of Russia |
11996_Kronshtadt-classbattlecruiser | class battlecruiser class battlecruisers soviet designation heavy cruisers russian ordered late 1930s ships started completed world war ships complex prolonged design process hampered constantly changing requirements great purge laid estimated completion date naval construction program proved armaments industries handle prototypes armament machinery completed june years start construction soviets bought surplus centimeter guns twin turrets similar class battleships germany ships partially redesigned accommodate construction begun turrets actually delivered hull survived war reasonably intact complete judged obsolete soviets considered converting aircraft carrier idea rejected hulls scrapped design class battlecruisers origin mid-1930s requirement large cruiser russian capable destroying long ton cruisers built limits imposed soviets designs submitted end navy satisfied rejected asked design displacing metric tons long tons armed millimeter guns early eventually designated project design cancelled soviets began negotiations british ultimately resulted agreed follow terms second london naval treaty limited battleships displacement long tons soviets working small battleship design battleship service baltic shrink result discussions size close project large cruiser cancelled battleship redesignated project given task destroying treaty cruisers german pocket battleships project design accepted major revisions armor scheme machinery layout ordered construction begin late early decision occurred right great purge began hit navy august ship designers arrested executed year project design rejected grounds weak compared foreign ships program cancelled early attempt modify design larger guns soviet navy felt need fast ship deal enemy cruisers original concept revived project wanted ship exceed metric tons speed knots mph armament guns requirement proved ambitious specified size increased metric tons long tons design submitted june time details available class battleships ship deemed inferior german ships revised requirements specified size metric tons long tons armament millimeter guns armor belt thick speed knots mph revised design finished october japanese class battlecruisers french class battleships class deemed superior medium range inferior range generally superior doubtful soviets fully aware true specifications rebuilt displacement given metric tons long tons metric tons long tons short true displacement navy thought original secondary armament millimeter guns small armor turrets conning tower forward transverse bulkhead thin revised ton design millimeter guns extra armor submitted january approved detailed design work began basic concept ship superior class ships able class battleships time horizontal protection revised scale trials revealed kilogram bomb penetrate millimeter upper deck millimeter middle deck burst main armor deck middle deck millimeter lower deck intended catch splinters penetrating armor deck mean main belt extended upwards meet main armor deck significant penalty weight approved sketch design july detailed design approved april construction begun ships apparent guns turrets schedule asked german representatives moscow february negotiate trade agreement possible use triple millimeter turrets lieu triple turrets ships replied turrets production new ones built asked twin millimeter turrets instead germans said check technical details krupp incomplete turrets hand originally ordered war class battleships cancelled start world war germans decided afford ships service war preliminary purchase agreement buy guns turrets later month studies possible reported april possible agreement finalized november deliveries scheduled october march order included meter centimeter soviets detailed data required redesign ship barbettes magazines know barbettes bigger diameter turret taller russian turrets barbette turret number raised clear turret number height conning tower raised clear turret number similarly millimeter anti aircraft guns turret number raised new turrets required electrical power meant output turbo generators increased kilowatts changes added metric tons long tons ships displacement sketch design completed october lacked data turrets barbettes presented february design approved april ordered ships completed german guns continue use guns detailed design supposed completed october rendered pointless germans invaded soviet_union june general characteristics project class ships meters long overall waterline length meters beam meters load draft meters designed displaced metric tons long tons standard load metric tons long tons load displacement project class ships increased metric tons long tons standard load metric tons long tons load increased draft meters load waterline length grew meters simply extra draft submerged sharply stem shaped stern speed remained deeper draft offset efficient propeller form hull form block compared badly german class battlecruiser american alaska class cruiser meant lot horsepower necessary achieve modest speeds decision ships use shafts increased shaft loading reduced efficiency length armored citadel overall displacement hull subdivided transverse bulkheads longitudinal framing citadel transverse framing structure fore aft citadel metacentric height meters ships dropped meters ships tactical diameter estimated meters class ships provided flying boats launched catapult mounted funnels propulsion power plant laid unit system forward boiler room contained boilers followed engine room wing propeller shafts second boiler room contained boilers followed turbine room central shaft single reduction impulse reduction geared steam turbines imported design shared class battleship factory build finished single turbine germans invaded produced total shp water tube boilers worked pressure cm2 kpa psi temperature small boilers harbor service power auxiliary machinery electrical plant originally consisted turbo generators diesel generators upgraded project ships maximum speed estimated knots mph revised propeller design forcing machinery yield extra knot normal fuel oil capacity metric tons long tons provided estimated endurance nautical miles speed maximum fuel capacity metric tons long tons gave range nautical miles knots mph nmi knots mph armament main armament consisted electrically powered triple turrets caliber guns turrets based turrets planned project large cruiser guns depressed elevated fixed loading angle rate fire varied time required relay gun ranged rounds minute depending elevation turrets elevate rate degrees second traverse degrees second rounds gun carried gun fired kilogram armor piercing projectiles muzzle velocity provided maximum range meters secondary armament consisted caliber guns mounted dual turrets concentrated forward end superstructure forward turrets outer turrets provided turrets good arcs fire elevation limits fixed loading angle rate fire varied elevation rounds minute turrets elevate rate degrees second traverse degrees second maximum range meters kilogram shell muzzle velocity heavy anti aircraft fire provided caliber dual purpose guns twin turrets mounted aft end superstructure aft turrets mounted forward turrets elevate maximum traverse rate second elevate second fired kilogram high explosive shells muzzle velocity provided maximum range meters surface targets maximum range aerial targets meters limit time fuse light defense handled quadruple water cooled mounts fitted guns mounts abreast forward funnel rear funnel centerline aft superstructure superfiring rear main gun turret initially seven mounts planned conning tower exchanged director guns early navy realized directors blocked superstructure guns fired kilogram shells muzzle velocity effective anti aircraft range meters germans sold soviets caliber centimeter guns associated turrets pact elevation limits fixed loading angle rate fire rounds minute turrets elevate rate second traverse second maximum range meters kilogram shell muzzle velocity fire control fire control directors control main armament meter track target measure range ship shell protected armor mounted atop rear superstructure tower mast directors meter controlled secondary armament dual purpose guns controlled later stabilized directors meter rangefinder protection ships relatively light armor main belt millimeters thick lower edge inclined degrees meters high meters intended submerged originally designed belt meters long covered percent waterline forward belt extended way bow forward transverse millimeter bulkhead thick rear bulkhead millimeters thick upper deck millimeters thick intended initiate shell bomb main armor deck waterline belt millimeters thick millimeter splinter deck underneath tapered millimeters thickness torpedo protection system underwater protection american style design longitudinal bulkheads intended withstand kilogram tnt covered ship length total depth meters reduced meters forward aft hull lines finer main turrets faces backs millimeter sides roofs barbettes protected armor secondary turrets faces millimeter sides roofs millimeter barbettes dual purpose armor millimeter barbettes conning tower sides roof communications tube running armor deck admiral bridge protected armor directors armor gun mounts funnels armor entire height deck box protected smoke generators construction soviet related industries proved incapable supporting construction class battleships class battlecruisers time largest warships built soviet_union prior metric ton long ton class cruisers suffered number production problems soviet leadership preferred ignore industrial difficulties making plans shipyards half workers intended steel proved short supply number rejected meet specifications attempt import long tons steel armor plate united_states failed probably result soviet invasion poland september armor plate production problematic metric tons long tons delivered anticipated metric tons long tons rejected furthermore armor plants proved incapable making cemented plates inferior face hardened plates substituted millimeters machinery problems likely delay ships past intended delivery dates completed single turbine german invasion june problem guns turrets armament factories focused higher priority guns class battleships prototypes completed time germans invaded situation better smaller guns guns incomplete june programs terminated quickly ships ships originally intended laid september delayed november allow improvements shipyards completed total sixteen ships planned august building program scaled july october clear unprepared soviets large scale naval construction program work ships ceased shortly german invasion russian built shipyard laid november judged complete germans invaded building slip short entire length stern built separately material siege repair ships defensive works finished end war proposals complete aircraft carrier base ship flotilla ideas rejected ordered scrapped march began shortly completed following year russian built laid november estimated complete june captured germans occupied late germans little use material defensive positions apparently shipped germany germans evacuated city damaged building slip hull explosives total loss ordered scrapped march began shortly completed | Kronshtadt-class battlecruiser | Warfare | Warships and naval units | Warships of Russia |
12353_SovietcruiserMolotov | soviet cruiser russian class cruiser served world war cold war supported soviet troops siege amphibious landings end january ship extensively modernized renamed russian glory fell favour reclassified training ship sold scrap description sister heavier armor slightly improved class cruisers designated meters long waterline meters long overall beam meters draft meters displaced metric tons long tons standard load metric tons long tons load steam turbines produced total shaft horsepower sea trials reaching maximum speed knots mph shy designed speed knots mainly overweight metric tons long tons normally carried metric tons long tons fuel oil metric tons long tons load metric tons long tons gave range nautical miles knots mph carried millimeter calibre guns electrically powered triple turrets secondary armament consisted single millimeter calibre anti aircraft guns fitted rear funnel light guns consisted semi automatic millimeter guns millimeter machine guns millimeter torpedo tubes fitted triple soviet ship carry radar air warning system entire war soviet designed gunnery radar systems added wartime modifications semi automatic guns replaced fully automatic millimeter guns thousand rounds gun extra machine guns aircraft catapult removed room light guns improved catapult fitted successfully test launched fighter concept abandoned catapult removed world war laid south january launched december completed june ship radar remained initial period provide air warning advance german troops late october forced transfer continued provide air warning ship bombard german troops near nearly shells november returning helped carry december loading troops december stern damaged german artillery shelled axis positions retaliation firing shells ship evacuated wounded departure december reprised role transport week january bow damaged heavy storm thrown january ship spent month repair bow straightened damage reduced speed knots number bombardment sorties support soviet troops peninsula march returned permanent repairs june transported men german positions unloading evacuated wounded women children departed june ship returned carrying reinforcements company ships bombarded german positions evacuated wounded refugees august returning bombardment mission near metres stern blown torpedo bombers acting concert italian torpedo boats damage reduced speed knots mph steered engines repair july stern incomplete class cruiser rudder incomplete cruiser steering gear cruiser steering submarine loss destroyers german air attack october resulted order forbade deployment large naval units express permission meant end active participation war postwar career refitted november repair wartime damage suffered fire shell handling room october extinguished flooding magazine handling room cost dead wounded ship served test bed radars intended class cruisers late 1940s postwar modernization began lasted january modernization received radar suite composed air search surface search main armament gunnery anti aircraft gunnery light anti aircraft guns replaced twin gun water cooled mounts guns fully powered anti aircraft fire control system replaced stabilized directors addition lost torpedo tubes anti submarine weapons boat cranes remaining aircraft equipment cost million half quarters cost new class cruiser october ship participated rescue efforts explosion sank italian battleship men lost battleship capsized hours explosion renamed august government unsuccessful coup year reclassified training cruiser august deployed mediterranean june soviet support syria day war returned mediterranean september december ship assisted class destroyer collision aircraft carrier november sold scrap april | Soviet cruiser Molotov | Warfare | Warships and naval units | Warships of Russia |
13046_RussianbattleshipImperatritsaMariya | russian battleship russian empress maria class dreadnoughts built imperial_russian_navy lead ship class construction began world war served war covered older pre dreadnought battleships bombarded ottoman facilities engaged ottoman light cruiser times inflicting splinter damage sunk anchor magazine explosion late killing crewmen subsequently raised condition poor finally scrapped description meters long waterline beam meters draft meters displacement long tons load long tons designed displacement long tons proved bow heavy service tended ship large amounts water forward casemates ammunition forward inch guns reduced rounds millimeter ammunition reduced rounds gun attempt compensate trim fully cure problem lost changes implemented ship fitted parsons type steam turbines imported united_kingdom designed total shaft horsepower produced shp sea trials steam produced mixed firing triangular yarrow boilers working pressure kpa psi designed speed knots mph maximum coal capacity long tons plus long tons fuel oil gave range nautical miles maximum speed electrical power generated curtis main turbo generators auxiliary units main armament consisted dozen inch guns mounted triple gun turrets distributed length ship secondary armament consisted pattern guns mounted casemates arranged groups guns forward turret rear funnel remaining rear turret fitted millimeter anti aircraft guns mounted roof turret inch submerged torpedo tubes carried tubes broadside forward magazine service named mother built russian_empire laid october sister ships iii merely ceremonial event design finalized contract signed launched october arrived july completed fitting months conducted sea trials october provided cover pre dreadnoughts bombarded targets older battleships bombarded targets bulgaria october october light cruiser narrowly escaped running engagement april battleship narrowly missed times months later alerted intercepted radio sortied attempt intercept german battlecruiser returned bombardment russian port july north avoided russians paralleling bulgarian coastline mined harbor july russians alerted radio attempted catch return journey lured range guns day cruiser pursued russian destroyer managed escape splinter damage morning october fire discovered forward powder magazine anchor exploded efforts fight fire sailors led managed flood forward shell magazine explosion cost lives action probably prevented catastrophic magazines flooded precaution minutes explosion second occurred vicinity torpedo compartment destroyed watertight integrity rest forward bulkheads began sink bow listed starboard capsized minutes later taking sailors subsequent investigation determined explosion probably result spontaneous based following complex salvage operation ship eventually refloated moved upside chaos russian revolution civil war prevented repair work guns removed wooden blocks supporting place rotting floated grounded shallow water approved scrapping june officially stricken november work begin refloated moved dry dock gun turrets fallen ship capsized later salvaged 30th coast defense battery defending city siege world war | Russian battleship Imperatritsa Mariya | Warfare | Warships and naval units | Warships of Russia |
13170_RussiancruiserBayan(1907) | russian cruiser russian class armoured cruisers built imperial_russian_navy early 1900s ship assigned modified lay mines shortly world war began laid mines provided cover ships laying minefields ship fought inconclusive battles german ships war including participated german invasion islands late damaged decommissioned sold scrap design description feet long overall maximum beam feet draught feet displaced long tons ship crew officers men named honor earlier russian cruiser captured japanese russo japanese war ships named legendary ship vertical triple expansion steam engines designed total indicated horsepower developed indicated horsepower sea trials drove ship maximum speed knots mph steam engines provided belleville boilers carry maximum long tons coal range unknown main armament consisted inch calibre guns single turrets fore aft inch guns mounted casemates sides ship hull anti torpedo boat defense provided millimetre calibre guns mounted casemates hull superstructure guns astern admiral apartments remaining guns located upper deck amidships inch gun casemates pivot mounts gun shields ship submerged millimetre torpedo tubes mounted broadside early ship guns central removed early rest removed early additional inch gun fitted forward mainmast supposed protected gun shield photos confirm addition inch guns added upper deck broadside early fitted anti aircraft guns mounted sides turret ship krupp armour waterline belt millimetres thick machinery spaces reducing millimetres lower edge fore aft reduced millimetres upper belt casemates millimetres thick armour deck millimetres thick central battery single plate consisted millimetre plate millimetre plates gun turrets protected millimetres armour conning tower walls millimetres thick service built saint_petersburg construction began august laid day launching august completed early commissioned july spent entire career world war began assigned shortly start war december modified carry mines laid mines early december group ships mined northern western entrances following month provided cover cruisers laid minefields western baltic_sea near night january sister admiral protected cruisers fought brief inconclusive action light cruiser sms night covering sortie july ship participated intercepted wireless signals informed russians small german force sea lay minefield rear admiral sea admiral protected cruisers destroyer route bombard got separated fog rest force encountered light cruiser sms number destroyers escorting russians concentrated forced run aground swedish territorial waters faster escaped south russian cruisers low ammunition encountered german cruisers broke action armoured cruiser exchanged hits fired inch rounds hit round amidships caused superficial damage wounds crewmen lost wireless aerial near miss russians reported hits confirmed flagship vice admiral commanded naval forces defending invasion islands october ship defended southern entrance october german began clearing minefields guarding entrance attacked engaged dreadnoughts defending hit multiple times german ships ordered forces withdraw ship withdraw hit shell moved range shell penetrated deck near forward turret started fire material cable compartment extinguished day fragments shell destroyed bulkhead plates ship location fire near forward magazine forced flooded precaution plates flooded magazine ship took long tons aboard draught forward increased feet shell killed men wounded despite increased draught able pass channel connecting northern southern parts moon sound later day general withdrawal ordered following day ship sailed finland paid participate russian civil war sold scrap broken stettin | Russian cruiser Bayan (1907) | Warfare | Warships and naval units | Warships of Russia |
13755_SovietcruiserKrasnyiKrym | soviet cruiser russian red light cruiser laid imperial_russian_navy lead ship class built russo baltic yard estonia launched hull evacuated germans approached port late laid incomplete russian revolution ship completed soviets world war supported soviet troops siege siege winter awarded guards title june ship reclassified training ship november scrapped july service history towed november complete soviets expected commission laid incomplete russian civil war wasn november work renamed russian february completed october return dockyard remedy numerous problems wasn commissioned july completed nearly original design modified handle aircraft adding cranes middle funnel parking area built central rear funnels catapult fitted original internal torpedo tubes replaced triple millimetre torpedo tubes mounted deck rear funnel original caliber inch anti aircraft guns replaced caliber inch guns initially based baltic transferred arriving january battleship extensively overhauled late 1930s aircraft equipment removed fitted new fire control equipment ship given italian twin gun caliber millimetre anti aircraft mounts placed forecastle forward pattern gun quarterdeck single mounts semi automatic millimetre gun fitted seven millimetre machine guns point exchanged guns single mounts naval version automatic air defense gun renamed october world war provided gunfire support soviet forces defending escorted convoys bringing month september transported battalions 3rd marine regiment successful amphibious assault romanian lines destroy romanian coastal batteries near escorted convoys october evacuated siege ship provided gunfire support evacuated cut troops brought reinforcements ports helped transport december december bombarding german position interim sailed harbor december disembarked reinforcements provided gunfire support soviet troops ashore hit times axis artillery mortar fire retaliation january landed bulk reinforced troops january following months brought reinforcements garrison evacuated wounded bombarding german positions route mission june germans launched attack force city surrender july awarded guards title june recognition performance destroyer evacuated men august regiment 32nd guards rifle division august men tons supplies august september destroyers ferried regiments 3rd naval rifle brigade october half sister destroyers ferried men 8th 9th 10th guards infantry brigades reinforce defenses destroyers number transported 9th december night february soviets series amphibious landings west german lines destroyers provided fire support main landing soviet troops wiped february secondary landing successful loss destroyers attempting german evacuation october caused deployment large naval units express permission meant end active participation war post war career ship reclassified training ship redesignated experimental ship reclassified march floating barracks scrapped july | Soviet cruiser Krasnyi Krym | Warfare | Warships and naval units | Warships of Russia |
15201_RussianbattleshipImperatorPavelI | russian battleship russian paul battleship built imperial_russian_navy decade 20th century ship construction seriously extended design changes result russo japanese war labor unrest revolution took nearly years build active world war bored sailors mutiny early ship laid scrapped description feet long waterline feet long overall beam feet draft feet displaced long tons deep load hull subdivided transverse watertight bulkheads engine rooms divided centerline longitudinal bulkhead double metacentric height feet cylinder vertical triple expansion steam engines total designed output indicated horsepower belleville boilers provided steam engines working pressure pounds square inch kpa cm2 sea trials engines produced ihp speed knots mph carried normal load long tons coal provided range nautical miles speed knots mph maximum load long tons gave nautical miles speed main armament consisted pairs inch model caliber guns mounted twin gun turrets fore aft guns maximum elevation rounds gun carried fire round minute fourteen inch model caliber guns mounted twin gun turret corners superstructure mounted casemates superstructure defense torpedo boats carried millimeter guns mounted casemates inch guns superstructure underwater millimeter torpedo tubes mounted provided spare torpedoes based russian experience battle sides ship hull completely protected krupp cemented armor main waterline belt maximum thickness inches upper belt inches sides main gun turrets inches thick armor casemates ranged inches thickness greatest thickness deck armor inches service history built saint_petersburg construction began october slowed labor trouble shipyard revolution launched september began sea trials october ship entered service march trials completed october joined completion port visit copenhagen september following september visited portland beginning world war covered russian operations entrance little rest war russian naval strategy baltic defensive class dreadnoughts defend entrance ship masts cut late light added torpedo nets fitted early ship torpedoes removed january late millimeter anti aircraft guns added sailors aboard instigated general mutiny march received word february revolution saint_petersburg ship renamed republic april treaty brest required soviets evacuate naval base march ships interned newly independent finland frozen sister ship led second group ships april reached days later known ice voyage ship laid october lack manpower scrapped beginning november formally stricken november inch turrets installed coastal battery later near saint_petersburg turrets scrapped today parts remained inside concrete shafts | Russian battleship Imperator Pavel I | Warfare | Warships and naval units | Warships of Russia |
15504_RussianironcladPetrVeliky | russian ironclad russian peter great ironclad turret ship built imperial_russian_navy 1870s engines boilers replaced ship cruise mediterranean installed returning remained rest career like rest participate russo turkish war deemed obsolete late 1890s ordered converted gunnery training ship russo japanese war slowed reconstruction ship completed spent world war training ship depot ship submarines march treaty brest required soviets evacuate naval base ships interned newly independent finland frozen ship reached april remained service soviets secondary roles finally stricken navy list subsequently scrapped design description genesis visit american twin turret monitor uss august inspired rear admiral submit preliminary design low monitor suite sails masts intended ship act hybrid monitor cruiser able attack enemy shipping threaten ports design approved russian detailed design prepared september reviewed february coal supply ordered raised days steaming forced design revised accommodate extra coal modified design approved january committee changes proposed add small superstructure forward improve armor monitors american civil war changes approved june displacement ship constantly increased long tons design long tons june design construction ship named cruiser began design approved changes design continued masts rigging deleted presumably shortly loss british turret ship hms captain storm september exact date known decision ram torpedoes ship bow november visit british naval architect june prompted changes design increased thickness inches inches extended sides ship accordance suggestions reed renamed june honor peter great birth feet inches long waterline feet inches long overall beam feet inch designed draft feet inches displacement completed long tons long tons designed displacement long tons ship hull subdivided centerline longitudinal transverse wing watertight bulkheads complete double high metacentric height feet inches lively roller considered sea boat water flooded gap gun turrets deck sea swept forecastle propulsion cylinder horizontal return connecting rod steam engines driving single propeller steam provided rectangular boilers working pressure kpa psi engines designed produce total indicated horsepower ship maximum speed knots mph ship carried maximum long tons coal gave economical range nautical miles knots mph machinery built price proved inferior metal boilers multiple cracks breaks found cracks found engine cylinders attempted patch forced replace new series sea trials following month ship reached knots mph funnel raised feet attempt improve draft boiler added ship crew winter effect armament muzzle loading inch guns based american design originally intended main armament russians impressed demonstration new krupp centimeter rifled gun bought guns directly production license enlarged inch caliber gun selected replace inch guns order gun ports small possible hydraulic turret machinery raised lowered guns maximum elevation maximum depression gave guns range yards maximum elevation gun turrets type weighed long tons powered steam engines complete rotation minute firing arc guns turrets firing meant great deal powder smoke released turret counter problem ventilation fans mounted turret roofs ship machinery filled entire forced main gun magazines away turrets ends ship complicated ammunition resupply arrangements guns shells stored likely slowed ship sustained rate fire lengthy engagement number sources including claim ship suffered number cracks firing guns ice bound winter incident confirmed russian language sources believes incident mentioned occurred sources ship anti torpedo boat armament consisted pounder inch guns mounted bridge stern pounder inch type machine guns torpedoes mounted bow set feet waterline feet way hull excess length upwards bow torpedo ship feet boom extended angled ship furthermore towed harvey torpedoes mounted rear ship use weapons formidable ships trying ram armor complete waterline belt wrought iron imported sheffield england intended extend feet waterline designed displacement belt inches thick middle feet ship reduced steps inches bow inches stern backed multiple layers teak iron thought equivalent inches armor inches thick curved portions end hughes compound armor thick plates bent easily compound armor consisted inch plates separated layer teak type armor protect gun turrets outside ship deck armored inch mild steel plates deck protection inches inches thick sources vary service built state owned saint_petersburg construction began june keel laid july ship launched august entered service october cost sum half million inch mortars fitted quarterdeck war scare britain russo turkish war removed having combat frames launching torpedoes added ship sides year proved ineffective original machinery proved unsatisfactory payment penalty navy began investigate replacing ship machinery contract finally signed glasgow scotland october based navy favorable experience company construction imperial yacht ship reach scottish shipyard july february new vertical compound steam engines cylindrical boilers working pressure psi kpa cm2 replaced original machinery torpedoes bow replaced underwater torpedo tubes torpedoes ship propellers rudder replaced funnel reduced original height february ran sea trials new machinery reached speed knots mph engine output indicated horsepower new engine boilers slightly lighter predecessors ship displaced long tons immediately sea trials ship departed scotland mediterranean cruise port visits athens naples toulon recalled visited reaching september ship remained baltic_sea rest career light armament modified times 1880s rear pounder guns replaced millimeter guns bridge moved roof forward turret boilers replaced ship mounted pounder guns turret millimeter barrel revolving hotchkiss guns bridge millimeter hotchkiss guns considered obsolete late 1890s number proposals reconstruct elaborate scheme raise turrets feet inches build new armored turrets deck inch guns existing inch wrought iron armor plates replaced krupp steel plates inches inches thick respectively despite saving long tons lighter steel armor wrought iron ship gained long tons displacement draft increased inches plan approved albeit low priority turrets removed october june admiral director ordered converted gunnery training ship new design approved february saint_petersburg begun cutting ship berth deck armor removed entirely new superstructure built boilers replaced fire tube boilers refurbished ones imperial yacht new ones new boilers supplied steam engines indicated horsepower second funnel added accommodate exhaust masts added fighting tops ship conning tower protected inches armor plate armament entirely replaced caliber inch guns mounted barbettes upper deck sides ship caliber inch guns fitted casemates ship ship anti torpedo boat armament consisted millimeter millimeter millimeter millimeter guns outbreak russo japanese war soon design approved meant work slowed crawl resume early ship completed following year result reconstruction feet inches long overall beam feet inches maximum draft feet inches displacement long tons long tons lighter modified displacement long tons maximum speed knots mph carried long tons coal gave range nautical miles completion assigned number sources report renamed soviets republican confirmed post cold war sources year assigned depot ship submarines later treaty brest required soviets evacuate naval base march ships interned newly independent finland frozen reached april known ice voyage ship store mines renamed december forced aground shallow water autumn floods september refloated repaired october january renamed time barracks ship ship stricken april subsequently scrapped | Russian ironclad Petr Veliky | Warfare | Warships and naval units | Warships of Russia |
15732_RussianironcladKreml | russian ironclad russian ironclad russian class broadside ironclad built imperial_russian_navy joined baltic fleet completion accidentally sank russian frigate ship assigned frequently rearmed sank shallow water storm refloated returned service ship placed reserve disarmed following year sold scrap design description class ironclads designed coastal defence ships protect approaches saint_petersburg referred self propelled armored floating batteries heavy armament protection important factors design feet long overall beam feet mean draft feet displacing long tons load somewhat larger half sisters displaced long tons fitted ram bow lacked stern ram half sisters based experiences sister inches deep feet long fitted reduce ship rolling ship steer historian notes unpredictable habit suddenly probably result poor water flow rudder required men man wheel total crew numbered officers enlisted men cost cutting measure ship received refurbished horizontal trunk steam engine wooden frigate built cylinders bore inches stroke inches steam produced rectangular fire tube boilers drive single inch propeller engine designed produce indicated horsepower gave ship maximum speed knots mph sea trials october boilers proved unable decade service replaced notably save money replacement boilers taken retiring ships installation ship intended rigged schooner like half sisters captain suggested square rigged advantage hull form masts hollow iron lower decks masts imperial_russian_navy protect sailors determined depth water keel combat fitted sounding tubes led gun deck hull completed powerful guns available russians inch pounder gun mounted broadside guns placed pivot mounts upper deck serve chase guns unfortunately proved incapable penetrating inches wrought iron armor distance yards trials despite ship continued armed varying numbers guns inch rifled guns career upper deck armament changed frequently different configurations inch inch rifled guns addition varying numbers smaller guns ship armor configuration differed half sisters covered inch wrought iron armor transverse armored bulkheads thickness protected gun deck fire upper hull outside bulkheads unprotected teak backing armor increased inches deck maximum thickness inches conning tower protected inches armor ship hull divided watertight transverse longitudinal bulkheads protection underwater damage construction service named ordered april contract signed russian total cost construction begun amended contract july construction time year payment extra response adverse foreign reaction brutal russian suppression revolts poland lithuania year fearing attack britain france board switched priority smaller class monitors shortly belief completed quickly progress slowed crawl construction began october ship formally laid december launched august ship entered service accidentally collided sank wooden steam frigate august killing men slightly damaged assigned march remained bulk career november steam powered steering gear taken ironclad installed required installation high pressure boiler cramped boiler room proved trouble worth removed years later caught storm june sailing began taking water captain decided shallow water reached coast sail engine forced engine stopped progressive flooding continued ventilation shafts sounding tubes internal bulkheads ship sank feet water refloated days later repaired reclassified coast defense ironclad february placed reserve december disarmed turned port disposal september stricken navy list october sold scrap september | Russian ironclad Kreml | Warfare | Warships and naval units | Warships of Russia |
16141_RussianbattleshipImperatorAleksandrIII(1901) | russian battleship iii russian iii class battleship built decade 20th century design class derived french designed battleship ship completed months start russo japanese war february assigned sent far_east months later break japanese blockade port arthur japanese captured port squadron transit destination changed iii sunk japanese gunfire loss entire crew design description iii feet long overall beam feet inch draft feet inches deep load designed displace long tons long tons overweight displaced long tons caused problem sea trials october iii high speed turn caused heel submerged millimeter guns intended crew consisted officers enlisted men carried crewmen service design based modified suit russian machinery ship powered cylinder vertical triple expansion steam engines driving propeller shaft steam generated belleville boilers engines rated indicated horsepower designed reach speed knots mph reached speed knots mph indicated horsepower official machinery trials july carried maximum long tons coal allowed steam nautical miles speed knots mph ship main battery consisted inch guns mounted twin gun turrets forward aft superstructure secondary armament consisted inch quick firing guns mounted twin gun turrets number smaller guns carried defence torpedo boats included millimeter guns millimeter hotchkiss guns armed inch torpedo tubes bow stern water submerged waterline armor belt consisted krupp armor inches thick armor gun turrets maximum thickness deck ranged inches thickness inch armored lower deck curved downwards formed anti torpedo bulkhead service construction began iii named september saint_petersburg ship laid launched august completed november cost october set sail port arthur vessels overall command vice admiral led squadron including atlantic coast africa rounding reached island north west coast madagascar january remained months finalized arrangements squadron sailed french march reached month later await obsolete ships commanded ships reached bay combined force sailed exact figures available iii probable ship approximately long tons overweight sisters coal supplies stored high ships reduced stability extra weight submerged waterline armor belt left feet inches upper armor belt waterline decided direct route intercepted japanese command admiral beginning battle second line flagship little known ship actions battle survivors ship visibility poor battle captain royal_navy official military observer noted set fire early engagement initially follow ship steering damaged half hour japanese opened fire turned north captain realized control tried concentrate fire crippled turned iii straight japanese successful attempt focus attention ship successful badly damaged process observers noted bow badly damaged large hole forward hull port shooting resumed japanese concentrated fire ship sister iii line port capsized sink survivors memory granite designed constructed surrounding gardens nicholas naval cathedral saint_petersburg remember men | Russian battleship Imperator Aleksandr III (1901) | Warfare | Warships and naval units | Warships of Russia |
16256_RussianbattleshipImperatorNikolaiI(1916) | russian battleship russian emperor russian dreadnought built world war service black_sea designed counter multiple prospective ottoman dreadnoughts placed order ottoman government raised possibility russian dreadnoughts built ship main armament preceding class larger heavily armored launched construction suspended october soviets considered completing later rejected idea towed scrapped design development designed response efforts ottoman_empire acquire modern dreadnoughts abroad late appeared turks able muster dreadnoughts armed inch guns versus russian dreadnoughts class building modified version class quickest service preliminary design work began december year formally ordered september bigger heavily armored ship earlier ships guns machinery virtually identical class save time general characteristics considerably larger preceding class meters long overall beam meters load draft meters ship displaced metric tons long tons standard load metric tons long tons displacement metric tons long tons metric tons long tons load high steel hull mild steel areas contribute structural strength hull subdivided transverse watertight bulkheads engine room divided longitudinal bulkheads frames centerline bulkhead divided compartment double meters deep given ice breaking bow probably hopes able operate outside black_sea anti rolling tanks fitted reduce rolling motion electrically driven centerline main rudder smaller auxiliary rudder designed metacentric height meters propulsion machinery differed small ways predecessors wing propeller shafts powered high pressure ahead astern turbines shafts powered low pressure turbines produced total shp mixed firing triangular yarrow water tube boilers powered turbines working pressure psi forward group boilers positioned second aft group boilers lay second turrets maximum speed estimated knots mph maximum coal capacity tonnes long tons long tons predecessor capacity long tons plus unknown fuel oil main auxiliary turbo generators driving alternating current direct current main generator rated kilowatts capacity kilowatts powered complex electrical system combined alternating current equipment direct current heavy load machinery like turret motors diesel generators provided armament main armament consisted dozen inch pattern caliber guns mounted triple turrets distributed length ship guns identical class ships turrets modified improve rate fire guns depressed elevated loaded angle rate fire supposed rounds minute elevation turrets elevate second traverse rate second rounds gun carried load guns fired kilogram projectiles muzzle velocity provided maximum range meters secondary armament consisted millimeter caliber model guns mounted casemates arranged groups guns forward turret rear funnel remaining rear turret guns situated fire ahead likely direction attack torpedo boats anticipated rate fire ranged rounds minute provided rounds gun maximum range meters kilogram shell muzzle velocity original anti aircraft armament going caliber inch guns mounted roofs fore aft turrets changed construction caliber inch new design entered service underwater inch torpedo tubes fitted broadside compartments frames frames torpedoes carried fire control meter originally going fitted conning tower changed construction mounting forward aft main gun turrets armored turret roofs provide data central artillery post transmit guns gun crew follow new domestically designed mechanical computer intended protection heavily armored class ships weight armor totaled long tons older ships russian armor factories unable roll krupp cemented armor plates size greater millimeters increasing thickness internal splinter bulkhead plates sized match frames provide support joints joined better distribute shock shell impact waterline belt total height meters meters design waterline meters forward remaining portion waterline protected lower initially millimeters thick millimeters extended centimeters design waterline upper thick extended middle deck aft waterline belt millimeters thick terminated transverse bulkhead aft steering gear aft area upper middle decks area hull millimeters transverse bulkhead protect rear turret magazine shells fired rear forward bulkhead millimeters serve splinter bulkhead screened angles deck armor millimeters upper belt ran bow aft turret meters high time cemented armor saved long tons long tons comparison plates classes respectively armor face hardened longitudinal splinter bulkhead thick middle lower decks decreased middle upper decks sloped away edge lower deck lower edge armor belt thickness main gun turrets face rear thick sides roof barbettes thick reduced millimeters armor conning tower sides millimeters thick roof funnel protected armor reduced upper middle decks upper deck millimeters thick intended activate shell penetrating reached main armored deck thick armored citadel forward citadel upper deck remained thick aft armored decks dropped level waterline belt deck deck lower edge belt underwater protection minimal millimeter watertight bulkhead upwards extension double hull narrowed end turrets construction construction began june launch june cleared building slip actually laid april intention launch october normal building schedule maintained early russians believed war soon workers diverted important projects war production began interfere deliveries material beginning shortly delayed launch october proposals evaluated building modify light issues demonstrated class service proved trim badly bow wet forward proposal fit forecastle deck improve rejected additional weight forecastle raising forward barbette actually trim forward proposal add meter forward accepted work continued slow rate february revolution unsettled times disrupted construction delayed renamed russian democracy april estimated complete industrial unrest strikes slowed progress provisional government postponed work october favorable time captured march occupied germans austrians incomplete hull january listed planned completed included navy list january mentioned order list renaming short lived orders actually implemented remained russian civil war use victorious soviets finally inspected worth completing dilapidated state design caused conclude worth sold scrap efforts sell hull abroad raise hard currency came towed june begin | Russian battleship Imperator Nikolai I (1916) | Warfare | Warships and naval units | Warships of Russia |
16361_RussianmonitorLava | russian monitor lava lava russian class monitor built imperial_russian_navy design based american class monitor modified suit russian engines guns construction techniques spending entire career ship active frozen little known service struck navy list converted barracks ship storage hulk mines renamed world war converted hospital ship abandoned soviets finland ship probably later scrapped description lava feet long overall beam feet draft feet displaced long tons crew numbered officers enlisted men numbered officers crewmen ship fitted cylinder horizontal direct acting steam engine built drove single propeller steam provided rectangular boilers specific information output ship engine survived ranged indicated horsepower ships class lava sea trials july reached maximum speed knots mph carried maximum long tons coal gave theoretical endurance nmi knots mph lava designed armed pair inch muzzle loading guns purchased krupp germany rifled russia project seriously delayed ship completed inch lacked penetration power necessary deal ironclads replaced license built inch muzzle loading guns guns replaced originally intended inch rifled guns wrought iron armor class monitors inch plates class ships ship entirely covered layers armor plates plates extended inches waterline armor backed wooden beam maximum thickness inches gun turret protected layers armor layers armor curved plates layers thick protected base funnel height feet deck unlike predecessors built deck armor save weight lava deck reinforced addition inch armor plates completion career construction ship began september saint_petersburg lava laid december launched june entered service september cost total double contract cost ship assigned baltic fleet completion sister ships port visit stockholm sweden july august command general admiral grand duke present american warships visited july august lava completed armored ring inches thick inches tall fitted base turret prevent splinters later armored outward curving fitted turret protect crewmen later added probably 1870s upper portion turret gun ports turret mounted light gun probably inch gun defense torpedo boats fourth gun mounted platform aft funnel hurricane deck built funnel turret probably 1870s little known ship career assigned newly formed march laid winter lava reclassified coast defense ironclad february turned port disposal july stricken august ship floating barracks observation post gunnery training lava converted storage hulk renamed april year converted floating hospital received old time abandoned soviets forced withdraw finland april according terms treaty brest later returned ship supposedly broken time existence | Russian monitor Lava | Warfare | Warships and naval units | Warships of Russia |
16866_Kirov-classcruiser | class cruiser class project cruisers class cruisers built late 1930s ships armor protection increased subsequent ships called class large ships built soviets keel russian civil war derived italian cruiser designed assistance ships deployed black baltic seas world war pair construction russian far east saw combat war ships bombarded axis troops facilities germans invaded soviet_union june ships survived war 1970s training secondary roles scrapped design following october revolution subsequent russian civil war soviet industry capable designing large complex warships sought foreign assistance company provided plans contemporary class cruisers design displacing tonnes long tons armed millimetre guns twin turrets produced italians guaranteed cruiser knots mph trials size kept limit designer new turret managed persuade superiors fit triple turrets ship keeping specified limit design approved november project soviets bought example plans machinery later class cruisers difficulty adapting smaller hull larger powerful machinery delayed start construction problem italian design adapted use soviet preference mix longitudinal framing hull framing amidships transverse framing ends reinforcing hull structure withstand severe weather conditions soviets commonly encountered built pairs pair incorporating improvements earlier pair pairs designated project project sequence differences pairs usually related size armor armament aircraft general characteristics project class ships long overall beam load draft displaced tonnes long tons standard load tonnes long tons load single rudder meant fitted massive foremast proved restrict view conning tower fields fire anti aircraft guns greatly increased silhouette reduced simple pole mast later ships superstructure enlarged accommodate fire control facilities housed foremast shortly launched ships laid incorporated number changes batch larger displaced tonnes long tons standard load tonnes long tons short tons load slightly longer overall deep draft load trials proved fastest ships class speed knots mph armament earlier ships anti aircraft guns mounted pair fitted carry model mines place model mines project pair larger displaced tonnes long tons standard load tonnes long tons load tenth meter shorter ships waterline length change pairs turbines proved slightly powerful ships propelled knots mph trials production delays dual purpose guns forced use guns instead anti aircraft guns supplemented guns mines changed carry model mines armament main armament consisted electrically powered triple turrets calibre guns turrets small fit hull space available cramped rate fire lower designed rounds minute instead guns mounted single cradle minimize space close high muzzle blast adjacent guns affected gun turrets weighed approximately tonnes long tons guns depressed elevated guns fired kilogram projectiles muzzle velocity provided maximum range depending ammunition gun type normally rounds gun carried additional rounds gun carried ships secondary armament consisted single caliber millimetre anti aircraft guns rounds gun fitted rear funnel ships project single caliber millimetre guns rounds gun program ran problems light guns initially consisted semi automatic guns rounds gun millimetre machine guns rounds gun significantly increased service ships carried mounts project built additional fully automatic millimetre guns thousand rounds gun course world war guns replaced guns quadruple vickers machine gun iii mounts fitted ships baltic ship varied anti aircraft suite millimetre torpedo tubes fitted triple tubes individually adjusted spread replaced launchers modern mount war total model mines carried pair ships pair depth charge racks mounted depth charge throwers large thirty small depth charges carried fitted project ships mount underwater acoustic communication system received system soviets called experimental soviet system ships fitted fire control system main guns included mechanical computer director turret director allowed multiple targets engaged combination local central fire control later ships improved fire control system accept data aircraft anti aircraft armament controlled system computer vertical pair directors superstructure director fully stabilized rangefinder directors ships system advanced computer vertical soviet ship carry radar given air warning system entire war radars equipped ships american radars air search main battery fire control radars british types anti aircraft fire control provided type radar soviet designed gunnery radars fitted machinery ships twin shaft unit machinery layout alternating boiler rooms engine rooms machinery shipped italy diverted contract italian cruiser machinery rest built italian plans soviet geared turbines proved powerful economical originals burned fuel oil unit horsepower compared furthermore produced shaft horsepower trials shp knot faster license built yarrow type water tube boilers powered turbines nominal capacity tonnes hour steam pressure cm2 kpa psi temperature shaft drove bladed metre bronze propeller designed speed knots mph varied ship ship normal oil capacity tonnes long tons ships varied widely oil carried load ranged tonnes long tons endurance figures varied widely load nautical miles knots mph maximum fuel carried ranged tonnes long tons protection armour scheme formed protected waterline belt deck traverse bulkheads uniformly thickness turret barbette armour thick conning tower sides roof millimetre box protected steering gear number control positions protected splinters torpedo control station millimetre main battery fire control secondary gun shields secondary battery control position auxiliary command station millimetre sides roof belt extended ship length total height designed waterline double extended past armored traverse bulkheads thin longitudinal bulkhead provided measure protection flooding judged thin withstand torpedo possibly far bulkhead survive intact cause list flooding armor ships vulnerable destroyer class weapons ranges ships given additional armor belt traverse bulkheads barbettes turret face increased box protecting steering gear increased later ships armor scheme joint armour deck belt edges belt tapered outer surface edge thickness similarly deck edge tapered speculated protection representing small target area simply served save weight construction aircraft designed carry aircraft german imported bought traverse launch aircraft weighing speed mph suitable aircraft service seaplane entered service september proved unsuitable rough weather landings disembarked began mounted soviet built roughly comparable performance destined use lack suitable aircraft ships landed catapult room guns catapult installed aboard conducted successful experiments catapult launched fighter project ships receive catapult end war fitted removed ships construction laid prototype class completed trials disappointment italian built turbines initially minor defects knot mph slower guaranteed italians pointed guarantee applied displaced tonnes overweight tonnes long tons short tons turrets numerous problems inflicted blast damage anticipated showed plan followed firing arcs reduced attempt problem soviet built turbines powerful anticipated achieved design speed components project ships manufactured west built shipped assembly launched towed incomplete fitting ships service world war commissioned autumn worked early sailed october soviet_union began occupy following day sailed winter war escorted destroyers attempted bombard finnish coast defense guns kilometres south fired rounds damaged number near misses return soviet naval base repairs remained rest winter war repair october transferred june shortly beginning operation cruisers active days june covering soviet defensive mining operations escorts ran german laid minefield 23rd destroyer lost bows sank port transferred assistance later followed end month pass new bow section fabricated ship july provided gunfire support defense served flagship evacuation fleet end august rest war cruisers blockaded axis minefields provide gunfire support defenders siege support soviet offensive mid ships damaged german air artillery attacks repaired war june covered soviet destroyers bombarding destroyer leader sunk damaged return fire bombarded axis positions near mid september transferred shortly november hit twice harbor bombers hit started fire magazine extinguished water flooding second hit towed repairs lasted february shelled axis positions near april damaged near misses april return repairs supported soviet troops helping transfer 9th november damaged nearby explosions bombarding managed return power repairs completed assisted soviet forces landing german lines called malaya end january loss destroyers german aircraft attempting german evacuation october caused deployment large naval units express permission meant end active participation war commissioned german invasion spent moving port port advantage air warning radar fitted bombarded axis positions near early november sent reinforce elements damaged number shell hits loading troops december able wounded departed reprised role transport week january bow damaged heavy storm thrown january spent month repair bow straightened reduced speed knots making number bombardment sorties support soviet troops returned permanent repairs march june number transport runs support garrison august stern blown torpedo bombers acting concert italian torpedo boats damage reduced speed knots mph steered engines repair july stern incomplete class cruiser rudder incomplete cruiser steering gear steering submarine saw action completing repairs order commissioned end war saw action soviet invasion event fully completed january postwar careers damaged german magnetic leaving october repair december refitted november april machinery completely overhauled radars fire control systems anti aircraft guns replaced latest soviet systems reclassified training cruiser august regularly visited poland sold scrap february gun turrets installed saint_petersburg monument tested soviet naval helicopter december began refit planned like refit displacement increase tonnes long tons torpedo consequent penalties speed range navy scope work deemed insufficient create fully modern ship suspended refit sold scrap april decided required missile test ship began postwar modernization april encountered issues unlike half sister selected conversion missile development project february conversion process prolonged armament removed received entirely new superstructure masts recommissioned december modernized october december converted floating barracks october briefly redesignated sold scrap march ton propeller ton stop anchor display suffered fire turret handling room october required magazine flooded sailors killed wounded new radars intended class cruisers late 1940s modernized like half sister october renamed august fell favor reclassified training cruiser august deployed mediterranean june soviet support syria day war returned mediterranean september december assisted class destroyer collision aircraft carrier november sold scrap april placed reserve restored navy list december disarmed converted floating barracks february sold scrap april renamed august distinguish brother renamed august government unsuccessful coup year superstructure badly damaged force typhoon september deemed repair sold scrap february | Kirov-class cruiser | Warfare | Warships and naval units | Warships of Russia |
17254_RussianbattleshipTriSviatitelia | russian battleship russian meaning pre dreadnought battleship built imperial_russian_navy 1890s served flagship forces pursuing battleship june world war ship encountered german battlecruiser formally sultan twice hit german ship damaged onward relegated coast bombardment role oldest battleship february revolution began operational captured germans took city turned allies armistice november engines destroyed british withdrew prevent advancing white russians abandoned whites evacuated scrapped design design based enlarged version baltic fleet battleship improvements armour armament general characteristics feet long waterline feet long overall beam feet inches draught feet inches displaced long tons long tons designed displacement long tons considerably larger feet inches longer feet wider displacing long tons metacentric height feet propulsion cylinder vertical triple expansion steam engines built british firm total designed output indicated horsepower cylindrical fire tube boilers provided steam engines pressure psi kpa cm2 drove bladed screw propellers sea trials powerplant produced total ihp speed knots mph carried maximum long tons coal load provided range nautical miles speed knots mph total output small supply power electrical equipment simultaneously armament main armament consisted pairs inch model calibre guns mounted powered twin turrets fore aft turret firing arc guns rate fire seconds rounds guns maximum elevation degrees degrees fired pound shell muzzle velocity range yards elevation rounds gun carried inch pattern caliber guns mounted casemates upper deck guns elevate maximum degrees degrees fired shells weighed muzzle velocity maximum range yards fired maximum elevation anti torpedo boat armament consisted large number different guns inch pattern calibre guns mounted corners superstructure gun fired pound shells range yards degrees elevation muzzle velocity rate fire rounds minute total millimetre hotchkiss guns carried inch guns forward end superstructure aft hull fired pound shell muzzle velocity rate rounds minute range yards total millimetre hotchkiss guns mounted fighting tops superstructure small hull fore aft locations remaining uncertain fired pound shell muzzle velocity rate rounds minute range yards tri carried inch torpedo tubes forward broadside tubes underwater tubes water bow stern aft pair broadside tubes type torpedo carried pound tnt speed settings gave maximum range yards knots mph yards knots mph protection russian ship use harvey armour armour vickers britain french firms maximum thickness waterline belt inches reduced inches abreast magazines armour carried russian battleship covered feet ship length belt feet high tapered thickness inches edge upper inches belt intended waterline ship overweight belt submerged belt terminated inch transverse bulkheads lower belt feet long feet high intended protect bases turrets inch sides closed inch transverse bulkheads fore aft upper protected inch guns inches thick sides sides turrets inches thick conning tower sides inches thickness steel armor deck inches thick lower inches thick forward aft main armor belt bow stern major refit reconstructed november august number different proposals considered earlier including replace obsolete harvey armour modern krupp armour replace main guns turrets rejected expensive masts fighting tops replaced pole masts light guns torpedo tubes removed exception millimetre guns retained use guns inch guns replaced shielded inch guns roof upper upper modified accommodate extra inch guns superstructure reduced size maximum elevation main guns increased loading mechanisms upgraded increase rate fire round seconds modifications effect reducing displacement long tons capable knots mph post reconstruction sea trials service named built laid august actual construction begun january ship launched november transferred completion following year officially entered service sea trials begin september october tri ship world fitted radio installation designed russian physicist range miles ship flagship failed attempt recapture battleship june june forward fighting removed world war accompanied pre dreadnoughts flagship bombarded morning november intercepted german battlecruiser light cruiser following day return voyage came known despite noon hour conditions capital ships initially spot experimented concentrating fire ships control master ship war held fire master ship gunnery commands finally received showed range yards excess estimate yards opened fire data turned broadside tri inaccurate range data failed register hits german ship bombarded ottoman fortifications mouth march fired rounds sailing north rejoin covering force repeated bombardment following day heavy fog prevented operation april ships turkish navy raided russian port russian battleship squadron sortied intercept battleships chased entire day unable reach effective gunnery range forced break chase april repeated bombardment forts bombarded forts time total main gun rounds fired addition total inch shells battleships returned bombard forts covered remaining pre dreadnoughts intercepted ships covering force damage inflicted rejoined scored hits broke action russian ships pursued hours giving chase fitted pair millimetre anti aircraft guns turrets screens added funnels light bombs august pre dreadnoughts transferred 2nd dreadnought entered service conducted coast bombardment anti shipping missions coast february revolution captured germans handed allies december armistice british wrecked engines april left prevent advancing white russians ship captured sides russian civil war abandoned evacuated november scrapped stricken november | Russian battleship Tri Sviatitelia | Warfare | Warships and naval units | Warships of Russia |
17271_RussianironcladNeTronMenia | russian ironclad russian ironclad russian second class broadside ironclads built imperial_russian_navy joined baltic fleet completion left russian waters beginning ship assigned frequently rearmed placed reserve decade later ship disarmed sold end russian civil war acquired soviets sold factory ship sunk siege world war scrapped salvaged design description class ironclads designed coastal defence ships protect approaches saint_petersburg referred self propelled armored floating batteries heavy armament protection important factors design means touch refers biblical verse john feet long overall beam feet designed draft feet inches displaced long tons iron hull pronounced fitted large bow stern stern ram serving protect rudder propeller ship steer unpredictable habit suddenly probably result poor water flow rudder required men man wheel total crew numbered officers enlisted men received refurbished engine steam ship line cost cutting measure originally intended sister probably direct acting steam engine built british firm steam provided rectangular fire tube boilers sea trials july engine produced total indicated horsepower gave ship maximum speed knots mph carried maximum long tons coal endurance unknown schooner rigged iron masts combination sail steam ship reach speed knots mph completed seventeen inch rifled guns mounted broadside main deck guns placed pivot mounts upper deck serve chase guns main deck guns removed inch pounder gun added upper deck unlike ship intended shells began waterline narrow vertical wrought iron armor waterline increased thickness inches compensation reduced protective abilities rest ship protected inches armor reduced inches beginning feet ship ends backed inches teak extended feet waterline ship hull divided watertight transverse longitudinal bulkheads protection underwater damage open topped conning tower protected inches armor construction service touch biblical latin phrase appears john ordered contract signed british total price ship state owned saint_petersburg leased mitchell agreed upgrade facilities handle iron ironclad warships construction new large handle ship delayed start construction january delay allowed design modified handle larger powerful inch rifles enter service guns required room operate older guns main deck slightly widened raising point hull began based experiences sister inches deep feet fitted reduce ship rolling formally laid december launched june ship entered service july collided armored frigate july frequently assigned formation frequently rearmed train officers men latest guns enter service mounted dozen inch gun deck upper deck mounted platforms extended inch mortar inch pounder gun inch gun inch auto cannon mortar removed strained ship structure alleviate cramped conditions ship wheel transferred gun deck platform spanned conning tower removed new boilers installed increased engine power indicated horsepower reached knots sea trials rammed norwegian ship ship placed reserve years later reclassified coast defense ironclad february march served school disarmed september stricken navy list october turned port disposal sold september barge acquired soviets russian civil war sold june world war sunk raised subsequently scrapped | Russian ironclad Ne Tron Menia | Warfare | Warships and naval units | Warships of Russia |
17543_RussianironcladKniazPozharsky | russian ironclad russian ironclad russian iron armored frigate built imperial_russian_navy 1860s russian armored ship leave european waters cruised pacific_ocean ship participate russo turkish war remained baltic_sea cruiser pacific assigned rest career mainly served training ship refit probably scrapped design description originally classified armored corvette redesignated armored frigate november laid central battery ironclad armament concentrated amidships ship fitted ram crew numbered approximately officers enlisted men feet inches long waterline beam feet draft feet inches ship designed displace long tons displaced long tons built increase long tons fitted double considered steady gun platform good sea boat propulsion ship simple horizontal direct acting steam engine driving single bladed propeller steam provided cylindrical boilers engine produced indicated horsepower sea trials gave ship maximum speed knots mph carried maximum long tons coal gave economical range nautical miles ship rigged masts maximum sail area square feet reduce drag sail funnel retractable propeller hoisted hull armament armed inch breech loading guns attempt provide fire sides hull upper deck level cut away battery providing better coverage traditional broadside layout left considerable area gun bear solid shot caliber gun weighed approximately pounds gun weighed pounds gun muzzle velocity credited nominal ability penetrate inches wrought iron armor muzzle credit ship torpedoes towed torpedoes mentioned wright armour figures armor protection vary sources agree complete waterline belt wrought iron total height feet feet waterline belt quoted millimeters thick guns protected section millimeter armor feet long information armored transverse bulkheads available armor backed inches teak service laid november mitchell shipyard saint_petersburg changed launched september sources differ ship entered service russian armored ship deploy pacific returned remained baltic_sea russo turkish war ensuing war scare great_britain ship cruise pacific served flagship fleet maneuvers reviewed russia ship extensively refitted following year received new boilers propeller fixed place retractable funnel replaced fixed funnels rearmed refit sources differ light guns fitted inch guns replaced new powerful caliber inch guns likely long tons model muzzle velocity inch caliber guns fitted possibly chase guns wright agree pounder guns quick firing guns unspecified size added mention quick says millimeter guns fitted ship reclassified cruiser 1st rank light armament modified millimeter hotchkiss guns pounders addition millimeter hotchkiss guns water inch torpedo tubes added time refit served training ship formally reclassified school ship march reclassified armament reduced single inch gun pounders millimeter millimeter hotchkiss guns ship october renamed struck navy list april probably scrapped shortly afterward elderly monitor lava renamed day | Russian ironclad Kniaz Pozharsky | Warfare | Warships and naval units | Warships of Russia |
18300_RussianbattleshipKnyazSuvorov | russian battleship russian class pre dreadnought battleship built imperial_russian_navy decade 20th century named 18th century russian general prince ship completed beginning russo japanese war flagship vice admiral commander sent far_east months completion break japanese blockade port arthur japanese captured port squadron transit destination changed sunk battle ship fell main battle line shell hit bridge killing wounding captain eventually torpedoed sunk japanese torpedo boats wounded officers evacuated destroyer survivors description feet inches long waterline feet inches long overall beam feet inch draft feet inches inches designed normal displacement long tons long tons designed displacement long tons intended crew consisted officers enlisted men carried crewmen ship powered cylinder vertical triple expansion steam engines driving propeller shaft steam generated belleville boilers engines rated indicated horsepower designed reach speed knots mph reached speed knots mph ihp builder machinery trials august deep load carried long tons coal provided range nautical miles speed knots mph caliber inch guns mounted twin gun turrets fore aft rate fire round seconds rounds gun carried caliber inch guns mounted electrically powered twin gun turrets carried sides ship practical rate fire approximately rounds minute provided rounds gun millimeter guns torpedo boats mounted casemates forward main gun turret guns placed waterline use weather unlike remaining sixteen guns mounted casemates deck lower distributed length ship close water lower deck guns demonstrated sister ship iii high speed turn trials began taking water lower casemates gun rounds available ship mounted millimeter hotchkiss guns anti torpedo boat defense carried inch torpedo tubes water bow stern torpedoes submerged tube forward torpedoes waterline armor belt consisted krupp armor inches thick armor gun turrets maximum thickness deck ranged inches thickness inch armored lower deck curved downwards formed anti torpedo bulkhead service construction began named prince august saint_petersburg ship laid september ceremonial laying plates performed grand duke russia general admiral imperial russian navy launched september completed september cost october flagship set sail port arthur vessels squadron received numerous reports japanese agents torpedo boats disguised fishing vessels sailing ordered maximum denmark october early evening following day squadron near auxiliary repair ship reported attack torpedo boats rain hours later squadron encountered british fishing working fog opened fire short range sunk damaged fishermen killed wounded battleships fired damaged cruisers aurora incident enraged british population caused diplomatic incident british nearly led war russia apologized agreed pay october led ships atlantic coast africa rounding cape good hope reached island north west coast madagascar january remained months finalized arrangements time learned capture port arthur changed destination port controlled russians far_east squadron sailed french march reached month later await obsolete ships commanded ships reached bay combined force sailed exact figures available probable ship approximately long tons overweight sisters coal supplies stored high ships reduced stability extra weight submerged waterline armor belt left feet inches upper armor belt waterline lead ship russian battle line opened fire japanese battleship flagship admiral began return fire minutes later joined battleship armored cruiser battleship joined firing set fire hits ships ship captain wounded splinters entered conning tower shortly knocked unconscious splinter skull flames conning tower ship steered auxiliary control position hit jammed steering gear point turn starboard ordered caused ship nearly circle steered engines splinters numerous shell hits water difficult numerous fires time aft inch gun turret destroyed explosion blew roof quarterdeck forward funnel fallen mainmast shot away regained position battle line engaged short range battleship cruisers vice admiral cruisers fired torpedo time hit ship unprotected cruiser fired pair torpedoes claimed hit change visible condition hit shell waterline attack forced emergency repairs british observer aboard reported bow heavy list port mass thick gray smoke forecastle mainmast time ship forward inch gun turret knocked smaller guns action japanese 5th attacked minutes later torpedoes ranges yards failed score hits torpedoes destroyer leader hit boiler room inch shell fired ship found fleets fired japanese ships short range observers aboard ships noted resembled island volcano eruption fired torpedoes fired torpedo time effect captain royal_navy official military observer aboard japanese battleship noted hit inch shell near rear inch turret caused explosion caused flames feet air 4th attacked destroyers torpedoes hit ship immediately took list showed signs sinking shell struck destroyer inflict damage russian destroyer came took wounded officers including leaving command ship continued southwards knots mph engaged japanese cruisers torpedo boats attacked fired seven torpedoes hit ship thought caused magazine explode cloud yellow black smoke poured listed port officers taken survivors crew aboard | Russian battleship Knyaz Suvorov | Warfare | Warships and naval units | Warships of Russia |
18608_RussianmonitorStrelets | russian monitor russian class monitor built imperial_russian_navy design based american class monitor modified suit russian engines guns construction techniques spending entire career ship active frozen little known service struck navy list converted floating workshop following year renamed ship served ultimate fate unknown description feet long overall beam feet draft feet displaced long tons crew numbered officers enlisted men numbered officers crewmen ship fitted cylinder horizontal direct acting steam engine built drove single propeller steam provided rectangular boilers specific information output ship engine survived ranged indicated horsepower ships class sea trials july reached maximum speed knots mph ship carried maximum long tons coal gave theoretical endurance nmi speed designed armed pair inch muzzle loading guns purchased krupp germany rifled russia project seriously delayed ship completed inch lacked penetration power necessary deal ironclads replaced license built inch muzzle loading guns replaced originally intended inch rifled guns wrought iron armor class monitors inch plates class ships ship entirely covered layers armor plates plates extended inches waterline gun turret protected layers armor layers armor curved plates layers thick protected base funnel height feet deck unlike predecessors built deck armor save weight modified addition inch armor plates completion unknown fitted manufactured placed storage construction career construction ship began june state owned saint_petersburg russian word laid december launched june entered service july cost total double contract cost ship assigned baltic fleet completion sister ships port visit stockholm sweden july august command general admiral grand duke present american warships visited july august completed armored ring inches thick inches tall fitted base turret prevent splinters later armored outward curving fitted turret protect crewmen later added probably 1870s upper portion turret gun ports turret mounted light gun probably inch gun defense torpedo boats fourth gun mounted platform aft funnel hurricane deck built funnel turret probably 1870s little known ship career laid winter july monitor admiral ran aground sent aid following day assisting rigging admiral armored frigate unexpectedly slid deck injuring ship executive officer later died wounds coal equipment admiral transferred reclassified coast defense ironclad february turned port disposal july stricken august ship converted floating workshop year renamed remained service end ultimate fate unknown | Russian monitor Strelets | Warfare | Warships and naval units | Warships of Russia |
18766_RussianmonitorBronenosets | russian monitor russian class monitor built imperial_russian_navy design based american class monitor modified suit russian engines guns construction techniques ship active frozen little known service stricken converted coal barge renamed ship lost storm world war description feet long overall beam feet draft feet displaced long tons crew numbered officers enlisted men numbered officers crewmen ship fitted cylinder horizontal direct acting steam engine built drove single propeller steam provided rectangular boilers specific information output ship engine survived ranged indicated horsepower ships class sea trials october reached maximum speed knots mph fastest ship class ship carried maximum long tons coal gave theoretical endurance nmi knots mph designed armed pair inch muzzle loading guns purchased krupp germany rifled russia project seriously delayed ship completed inch lacked penetration power necessary deal ironclads replaced license built inch muzzle loading guns guns replaced originally intended inch rifled guns wrought iron armor class monitors inch plates class ships ship entirely covered layers armor plates plates extended inches waterline armor backed wooden beam maximum thickness inches gun turret protected layers armor layers armor curved plates layers thick protected base funnel height feet deck unlike predecessors built deck armor save weight inch plates added completion career construction ship began june saint_petersburg laid december launched march entered service june cost total double contract cost ship assigned baltic fleet completion sister ships port visit stockholm sweden july august command general admiral grand duke completed armored ring inches thick inches tall fitted base turret prevent splinters later armored outward curving fitted turret protect crewmen later added probably 1870s upper portion turret gun ports turret mounted light gun probably inch gun defense torpedo boats fourth gun mounted platform aft funnel hurricane deck built funnel turret probably 1870s little known ship career laid winter reclassified coast defense ironclad february turned port disposal july stricken august ship converted coal barge removal turret armor wooden backing division hull holds redesignated ship sank storm world war | Russian monitor Bronenosets | Warfare | Warships and naval units | Warships of Russia |
18846_RussianironcladPetropavlovsk | russian ironclad russian ironclad russian ordered gun wooden frigate imperial_russian_navy early 1860s converted construction gun armored frigate served flagship 1860s 1870s ship decommissioned sold scrap description feet long perpendiculars beam feet inches draft feet inches forward feet aft displaced long tons fitted blunt iron ram bow considered total crew numbered officers enlisted men ship fitted horizontal return connecting rod steam engine built drove single bladed propeller steam provided unknown number rectangular boilers ship sea trials engine produced total indicated horsepower gave ship maximum speed knots mph ship carried maximum long tons coal endurance unknown ship rigged masts heavy frigate intended armed powerful guns available russians inch pounder gun long pounder armament revised converted ironclad completed armament inch rifled guns pounder guns inch guns located lower deck pounders mounted upper deck chase guns later pair pounder guns added upper deck armament upper deck changed consisted inch inch inch rifled guns entire ship protected wrought iron armor extended feet inches waterline inches thick amidships backed inches teak reduced inches backed inches teak steps beginning feet ship ends construction service named siege war laid january gun heavy frigate new admiralty shipyard saint_petersburg converted gun armored frigate october construction ship launched august commissioned august 1860s 1870s served flagship decommissioned june stricken navy list january subsequently sold scrap | Russian ironclad Petropavlovsk | Warfare | Warships and naval units | Warships of Russia |
18931_RussianmonitorLatnik | russian monitor russian class monitor built imperial_russian_navy design based american class monitor modified suit russian engines guns construction techniques ships class built belgium assembled russia spending entire career ship active frozen little known service stricken converted coal barge renamed abandoned soviets finland ship later scrapped description feet long overall beam feet draft feet displaced long tons crew numbered officers enlisted men numbered officers crewmen ship fitted cylinder horizontal direct acting steam engine built drove single propeller steam provided rectangular boilers specific information output ship engine survived ranged indicated horsepower ships class sea trials reached maximum speed knots mph slowest ship class carried maximum long tons coal gave theoretical endurance nmi knots mph designed armed pair inch muzzle loading guns purchased krupp germany rifled russia project seriously delayed ship completed inch lacked penetration power necessary deal ironclads replaced license built inch muzzle loading guns guns replaced originally intended inch rifled guns wrought iron armor class monitors inch plates class ships ship entirely covered layers armor plates plates extended inches waterline armor backed wooden beam maximum thickness inches gun turret protected layers armor layers armor curved plates layers thick protected base funnel height feet deck unlike predecessors built deck armor save weight deck reinforced addition inch armor plates completion career construction ship began june saint_petersburg laid december launched march entered service july cost total double contract cost ship assigned baltic fleet completion reason ship class port visit stockholm sweden july august suffered sort hull damage september details known completed armored ring inches thick inches tall fitted base turret prevent splinters later armored outward curving fitted turret protect crewmen later added probably 1870s upper portion turret gun ports turret mounted light gun probably inch gun defense torpedo boats fourth gun mounted platform aft funnel hurricane deck built funnel turret probably 1870s little known ship career laid winter reclassified coast defense ironclad february turned port disposal july stricken august ship converted coal barge removal turret armor wooden backing division hull holds redesignated abandoned soviets forced withdraw finland april according terms treaty brest later broken | Russian monitor Latnik | Warfare | Warships and naval units | Warships of Russia |
19038_RussianbattleshipSinop | russian battleship russian battleship russian battleship built imperial_russian_navy ship class named russian victory battle ship participated pursuit battleship june towed sought asylum proposals reconstruction modern guns better quality armor 1900s cancelled converted gunnery training ship inch guns removed exchange single inch guns turrets refitted torpedo act proposed operation heavily mined whites captured russian civil war engines destroyed british scrapped soviets beginning design development feet inches long waterline feet inches long overall beam feet inches draft inches designed displacement long tons load long tons designed displacement long tons large warship use vertical triple expansion steam engines having cylinder engines imported united_kingdom fourteen cylindrical boilers provided steam engines engines total designed output indicated horsepower produced indicated horsepower trials gave speed knots mph load carried long tons coal provided range nautical miles speed knots mph nautical miles knots mph differed sisters mainly design gun mounts inch model caliber guns mounted twin barbette mounts forward aft forward mounts traverse bow beam total rear mount traverse rate fire round minutes thirty seconds including training time rounds gun carried main guns mounted low feet inches main deck caused extensive damage deck fired bow stern seven inch model caliber guns mounted broadside pivot mounts hull gun mounted stern hull millimeter revolving hotchkiss guns mounted small projected hull pair mounted hull defend ship torpedo boats millimeter revolving hotchkiss guns mounted fighting carried seven water inch torpedo tubes tube forward able bear forward targets tubes mounted broadside fore aft central citadel seventh tube stern history named russian victory built laid late june launched june completed began trials middle boiler accident following year killed severely burned machinery upgraded new belleville water tube boilers ship suffered boiler explosion left seven sailors badly burned plans radical reconstruction docked replacement boilers involved cutting deck replacing armament twin gun turrets equipped inch caliber guns inch caliber guns turrets armored citadel krupp armor proved expensive cancelled participated pursuit battleship june towed romania naval general staff proposal radical reconstruction similar proposals reconstruct sister russo japanese war involved cutting deck replacing armament twin gun turrets equipped inch caliber guns compound armor replaced krupp armor new proposal differed older millimeter guns replaced inch guns originally planned rejected lacked speed stay main fleet armor obsolete withstand modern high explosive shell fire converted gunnery training ship inch caliber guns installed upper deck inch guns removed received single inch caliber guns turrets mounted upper deck ship original inch caliber guns replaced caliber guns added admiral salon guns added machine guns torpedo tubes removed received central fire control station spent world war refitted torpedo serve allow lead ships mined waters operation later cancelled captured germans april handed allies november british engines april abandoned whites prevent use advancing remained duration russian civil war captured sides occupied city turn abandoned fleet evacuated russian archives gradually scrapped underwater expedition leadership found wreck tentatively identified upside far | Russian battleship Sinop | Warfare | Warships and naval units | Warships of Russia |
19155_RussianbattleshipSissoiVeliky | russian battleship russian pre dreadnought battleship built imperial_russian_navy 1890s ship construction marred organizational logistical engineering problems dragged years commissioned october number design construction faults fixed lifetime immediately sea trials sailed mediterranean enforce naval blockade crete march march suffered devastating explosion aft gun turret killed men months docks toulon repairs ship sailed far_east reinforce russian presence summer supported international campaign boxer rebellion china sailors battleship participated defence beijing months ship returned repairs little achieved early losses russo japanese war caused formation relieve russian forces blockaded port arthur sailed far_east rest baltic battleships participated survived daytime artillery duel ships badly damaged taking water night japanese destroyers scored torpedo hit ship damaged steering morning ship unable maintain speed flooding crew surrendered japanese armed merchant cruisers ship capsized later morning loss crewmen background committee headed general admiral drafted ambitious program ocean going battleships cruisers man charge admiral saw little value building uniform ship classes regularly changed design construction targets match foreign day program reduced battleships freed funds torpedo boats response german advances weapons years program marked bureaucracy shortage funds battleships actually built coastal defense ship relatively small slow ships single frontal barbette housing inch guns case single gun fourth ship future planned cheaper smaller long tons ship superiority german class battleship compelled lift cost size constraints build large battleship main gun turrets hastily proposed draft based british class navy awarded contract private company push laid july launched set standard configuration russian pre dreadnought battleships navy discussed plans fifth battleship future uncertain discussing navy concentrate large battleships smaller coastal defence ships ocean going cruisers design description september rolled proposal medium size long ton foot long battleship armed single inch guns mounted barbettes attempted blend hull armament tightly compromised design reviewed proposal satisfied overwhelmed suggestions main guns mounted barbettes covered inch thick armoured choice secondary armament caused round debate initially proposed combination inch guns armstrong inch guns advised use weapons different sizes caused problems fire control direction obsolete guns opposite dropping modern armstrong guns favor model probably result wanting use foreign built weaponry march presented revised proposal increased displacement long tons main armament inch guns accepted admiral ship feet inches long waterline feet long overall beam feet draught feet inches displaced long tons long tons designed displacement long tons ship partial double bulkhead separated engine boiler rooms crew initially consisted officers enlisted men grew total vertical triple expansion steam engines driving bladed propeller total designed output indicated horsepower steam provided cylindrical fire tube boilers ship designed speed knots mph reached speed knots mph sea trials october october despite ihp engines carried maximum long tons coal load gave range nautical miles speed knots mph armament like russian ships plagued regular improvements original design delayed construction years beginning year construction began redesigned artillery pairs inch calibre guns changed barbette french style center pivot twin turrets guns maximum elevation ship carried rounds gun rate fire intended round minutes shot minutes reality fired pound shell muzzle velocity range yards elevation secondary armament replaced quick firing inch calibre guns mounted casemates main deck gun provided rounds ammunition alterations shell accommodate larger rounds guns began december fired shells weighed muzzle velocity guns maximum range yards fired maximum elevation ship anti torpedo boat armament changed end consisted millimetre millimetre hotchkiss guns guns mounted superstructure upper deck inch casemates fired pound shell muzzle velocity rate rounds minute range yards guns mounted fighting fired pound shell muzzle velocity rate rounds minute range yards carried water inch torpedo tubes bow stern broadside ship carry mines armour ship armour scheme based steel compound armour older ship maximum thickness waterline armour belt inches machinery spaces reduced inches abreast magazines covered feet ship length feet inches high tapered thickness inches edge upper feet inches belt intended waterline ship significantly overweight entire belt submerged normal load belt terminated inch inch transverse bulkheads fore aft respectively belt inches thick sides feet long feet inches high protected inch guns sides turrets inches thick roofs inches thick bases turrets protected inches armour inside inches armour protected conning tower sides inches thick armour deck connected waterline belt inches thick belt fore aft belt inches thick construction rushed production contrary established practice ordered structural steel armour project properly authorized construction began august july wooden shed franco russian works saint_petersburg january december officially named commemorate victory coincided day great egypt eastern orthodox calendar ship formally laid management construction flawed start stem rudder frame propeller shaft ordered time late discovery omission substantially delayed progress having time place orders reliable foreign suppliers contracted job local plants known poor discipline quality loaded navy jobs industrial capacity saint_petersburg area sustain modest rate naval government willing finance april minor grievances evolved scale conflict board ridiculous charge nearly brought work stop admiral blamed suppliers attempt fix disarray office april completed hull passed static pressure tests launched june fleet review attended commissioning scheduled september examination august revealed steering gear water pumps ventilation system turrets missing builders hastily equipped ship rudder controls built delivered ship sea trials october september navy desperately needed mediterranean commissioned regardless known faults service mediterranean immediately trials ordered join engaged naval blockade crete wake riots maiden voyage revealed problems lack ventilation steering compartment port captain purchased electric fans money electrical systems failed reaching gibraltar copper rings sealing left found february december december leaking reached captain planned stay days complete urgent repairs days later telegram saint_petersburg forced leave crew managed seal armour plates repair electrical systems february steamed crete gunnery exercise miles shore bay crete end month second exercise held march march ended disaster rear turret exploded hour target practice explosion blew roof turret mainmast struck base foremast crushing gun steam cutter explosion killed men wounded later died wounds badly damaged headed toulon repairs investigation revealed mechanical organizational causes accident chain events reconstructed toulon started failure hydraulic breech locking mechanism left hand gun turret crew disabled resorted manual operation gunner responsible closing locking breech failed concussion right hand gun firing unlocked turret commander ultimately responsible checking breech firing busy calculating firing solution training gun concerned matter delegated routine enlisted man gunner attend station physically unable look breech lock attend duties panel eventually dropped charges captain recommended introduction mechanical fail safe prevent firing breech properly locked repaired french engineers openly ridiculed quality russian manifested inch wide open belt armour ship hull completely battleship protection shell struck russian investigators reported number obvious faults deemed ship unfit sailing internal decks secondary armament casemates particularly dangerous shells easily fell cracks holes deck saint_petersburg dismissed concerns arguing gap armour plates inevitable feature design decks faults fixed crew spare time far_east months dock toulon repaired assigned armoured cruisers sailed far_east british alerted sudden movement russian battleships dispatched battleship hms victorious shadow russian ship assisted flotilla barely passed shallow entrance suez_canal victorious ran aground near abandoned pursuit aside incident east bound voyage uneventful ship safely reached port arthur march march summer sailed nagasaki repairs returned new base stayed rest april fleet sailed port arthur massive landing exercise intended warning intensified compelling russian government intervene russian far east admiral dispatched port arthur battleship armoured cruiser host european ships blockaded mouth smaller moved river protect amphibious landings began provoked boxer siege beijing russians responded sending company sailors defend embassy beijing company reached city meeting opposition european troops beijing easily defend embassy row disorganized mob june rebels received reinforcements regular afternoon june june began massive assault diplomatic missions month later chinese managed burn austrian dutch italian sailors stood ground american french marines arrival reinforcements august july seven weeks siege men killed action died disease wounded remained far_east year december accumulation mechanical troubles fixed far eastern docks compelled fleet commander send baltic returned nagasaki hong_kong april voyage attended fleet review state visit president france june moved drydock available financing diverted completion class battleship new cruisers repairs proceeded slow pace artillery boilers ventilation system completely replaced turned repairs scratch needed thorough russo japanese war broke pacific february january march navy assigned bound pacific admiral command despite urgency calls speed repairs completion new ships shocking loss april march admiral new governor repairs striking unnecessary jobs went action new small calibre guns damaged internal decks captain expressed concern stability occasions suppressed reports arguing past experience sufficient proof ship august august sailed wasted nearly month preparation fleet review personally visited battleship crews anticipation victory japan october october squadron departed sailed split forces newer battleships continued way past cape good hope squadron cruisers transports ordered rendezvous ships short route suez_canal initially planned main force assigned instead ship rejoined fleet madagascar january december stayed months training finalized arrangements leg journey despite regular exercise gunners new class ships match level old ships squadron sailed french march march reached month later await obsolete ships commanded ships reached bay april combined force sailed days later voyage madagascar took days average speed knots mph mechanical problems evidenced slowing squadron month suffered failures boiler tubes heat steering gear failed times squadron began leg journey sailing left column russian order battle second line russians sighted japanese fleet minutes later opened fire simultaneously flagship started firing armoured cruisers later engaged armoured cruiser hitting single inch shell heavy shell exploded bow damaging bow torpedo tube shortly afterward inch inch shell hit belt armour near water line causing flooding forward compartments following hour ship hit inch inch inch shells disabled forward turret set casemates simultaneously severed water supply steered burning away line fire joined russian cruiser formation crew extinguished fires ship returned action heavy list port took place line moment japanese battleships ceased fire russians hoped leave battlefield casualties hour later admiral established contact engaged fleeing russians survived phase battle unharmed sunset joined group survivors assembled unable pace flagship fell supporting admiral gunfire ship sighted japanese destroyers attack destroyers attacked close range yards groups beat second attacks fourth destroyer flotilla command sunk scored torpedo hit minutes later damaged rudder propellers ship steered engines varying speeds flooding intensified morning bow submerged point forward movement longer possible realized ordered astern reversed engines headed hoping beach crippled ship intent fixed gun flooding forced telegraph stop shutting vessel engines crippled passed unable offer assistance japanese armed merchant cruisers stationary ship came yards signalled sinking request assistance japanese responded straightforward question surrender hoisted white flag response japanese boarding party officer enlisted men boarded battleship raised japanese flag failed pull russian flag japanese attempted tow prize safety soon realized effort futile moved russian prisoners ships retrieved flag capsized sank flying russian flag lost men killed battle crew rescued | Russian battleship Sissoi Veliky | Warfare | Warships and naval units | Warships of Russia |
19371_RussianmonitorSmerch | russian monitor russian monitor built imperial_russian_navy early 1860s designed british built saint_petersburg ship spent entire career ran aground sank shortly entered service refloated repaired shortly training ship stricken navy list ship years later renamed finland country declared independence returned soviets treaty brest signed ship known sunk german artillery fire salvaged following year remained service stricken subsequently broken design description previously licensed design class united_states wished compare john designed gun turrets ships turrets designed british inventor captain board commissioned mitchell design twin turret monitor based danish ironclad build shipyard modernized board saint_petersburg russia feet inches long waterline beam feet inches maximum draft feet ship designed displace long tons turned overweight actually displaced long tons fitted double flooded combat reduce crew numbered officers enlisted men officers crewmen feet deck sort moderate sea rolled heavily fitted iron pole masts probably fore aft rigged steady ship propulsion propulsion ship simple horizontal direct acting steam engines built sons field london engines bore inches stroke inches drove single inch propeller steam provided rectangular fire tube boilers pressure kpa psi engines produced total indicated horsepower gave maximum speed knots mph ran sea trials june ship small boiler small steam engine powered ventilation fans main water pump rotated aft turret engine probably rotated forward turret carried long tons coal gave range nmi armament initially armed pounder inch muzzle loading guns pair turret ventilation prevented turrets firing directly forward aft turret bear approximately changed slightly time changes ship replaced krupp inch rifled breech loading guns gun fit turrets old gun ports new ones cut turret years later krupp guns replaced inch rifled guns replaced turn longer powerful inch guns ship carried rounds gun iron required martin shells fitted turrets light guns use torpedo boats known fitted aboard ship 1870s received pounder inch guns millimeter quick firing gun inch gun point ship received millimeter hotchkiss revolving cannon mounted turret tops probably replaced older pounders armor complete waterline belt wrought iron inches thick amidships inches ends ship feet high completely covered hull feet inches waterline armor backed inches teak circular turrets protected armor inches thick area gun ports reinforced inch plates total thickness inches walls ship oval conning tower inches thick deck inch thick construction service ordered june construction began august admiralty shipyard saint_petersburg formal keel laying december launched june completed cost ship spent career struck rock finnish coast august shallow water sank refloated september repaired little known service extensively refitted included replacement plating hull ship reclassified coast defense ironclad february subsequently training ship ship stricken navy list february turned port disposal renamed hulk october converted storage hulk abandoned april soviets abandoned finland returned following month according terms treaty brest hulk renamed later january sunk german artillery october harbor stricken march hulk salvaged service december renamed stricken time april subsequently scrapped | Russian monitor Smerch | Warfare | Warships and naval units | Warships of Russia |
19888_SovietcruiserKaganovich | soviet cruiser russian project class cruiser built world war built siberia components shipped european russia saw action war served cold war renamed distinguish brother post war career generally uneventful superstructure badly damaged force typhoon renamed russian sources disagree fate converted floating barracks later sold scrap says simply sold scrap description long waterline long overall beam draft displaced tonnes long tons standard load tonnes long tons load geared steam turbines produced total shaft horsepower trials fell somewhat short designed speed knots reaching knots mph trials tonnes long tons overweight normally carried tonnes long tons fuel oil tonnes long tons load tonnes long tons gave endurance nautical miles knots mph fuel carried caliber guns electrically powered triple turrets turrets small designed fit limited hull space available cramped rate fire lower designed rounds minute instead guns mounted single cradle minimize space close shot high muzzle blast adjacent barrels affected gun unlike half sisters built european russia secondary armament initially consisted single dual purpose anti aircraft guns initial light armament unknown sister ship initially consisted semi automatic guns rounds gun fully automatic guns thousand rounds gun machine guns rounds gun 1950s light anti aircraft armament replaced powered mounts millimeter torpedo tubes fitted triple received system soviets called experimental soviet system radar suite unknown likely equipped mix soviet british american radars point 1950s radars replaced modern soviet built radars air search surface search main armament gunnery anti aircraft gunnery service project cruisers pair class cruisers larger powerful anti aircraft armament half sisters assembled shipyard components built shipyard south laid august launched drydock officially accepted december towed incomplete date official report work completed signed january construction prolonged late deliveries western factories example propellers shipped surrounded germans september propeller shafts removed factory destroyed germans problem collapse supporting roof ship early december renamed brother remained inactive soviet invasion spent post war period routine training missions renamed august government unsuccessful coup year superstructure badly damaged force typhoon september sources disagree fate says converted floating barracks february later sold scrap says simply sold scrap february | Soviet cruiser Kaganovich | Warfare | Warships and naval units | Warships of Russia |
20200_Borodino-classbattleship | class battleship class battleship class pre dreadnought battleships built imperial_russian_navy end 19th century design based french built modified use russian equipment ships finished start russo japanese war ships ordered sail baltic_sea far_east relieve besieged japanese port arthur ships sunk captured imperial_japanese_navy battle fifth final ship completed time participate war served world war spent war defending badly damaged german dreadnoughts damage forced ship crew taken water pass shallow channel connected baltic wreck scrapped 1930s design description desired warm water port pacific accession throne achieved ambition march russia signed year lease port arthur china japan previously forced china sign port surrounding territory treaty concluded sino japanese war triple intervention france russia germany forced return port exchange increase paid chinese japan invested money expanding fleet russia began major building programme needs far east defend newly acquired port included class battleships numerous class battleships built russia intended near soon contracts signed clear different french built ship basic problem facing navy heavier engines larger turrets require designer build ship speed draft guns armor greater displacement new design completed new design july august month original contract signed new concept roughly long tons tons heavier slightly larger wider biggest change appearance original design added casemates containing millimeter guns bow aft added existing dozen guns sides armor belt caused rest hull deleted guns flat sided armor place class battleships hulls fore aft guns sides bulkhead engine boiler rooms caused danger flooded narrow belt armor submerged naval historian regarded worst battleships built ships feet inches long waterline feet inches long overall beam feet inch draft feet inches inches designed normal displacement ranged long tons long tons designed displacement long tons designed crew officers enlisted men carried crewmen class ships powered cylinder triple expansion steam engines driving propeller shaft steam generated belleville boilers engines designed reach speed knots mph lead ship fitted copy machinery installed built remaining supplied machinery designed built engines rated indicated horsepower boilers working pressure kpa cm2 machinery sisters rated ihp boilers working pressure kpa cm2 differences equipped boilers bladed screws sisters lacked bladed propellers ships prepared far_east shortly completion conducted abbreviated sea trials reached designed speed trails despite engines producing ihp engines sisters produced power slower trials deep load carried long tons coal provided range nautical miles speed knots mph ships fitted steam driven generators total capacity kilowatts armament fire control main armament class consisted pairs caliber inch guns mounted french style electrically powered twin gun turrets fore aft turrets maximum elevation rounds gun carried guns fired shell seconds fired pound shell muzzle velocity range yards maximum elevation secondary armament ships consisted dozen caliber model inch guns mounted electrically powered twin gun turrets upper deck turrets maximum elevation arc fire center turrets cover inch gun provided rounds rate fire rounds minute fired shells weighed muzzle velocity maximum range approximately yards number smaller guns carried defense torpedo boats included calibre millimetre guns mounted hull ships carried shells gun fired pound shell muzzle velocity maximum range yards elevation class ships mounted sixteen eighteen millimetre hotchkiss guns superstructure fired pound shell muzzle velocity rate rounds minute ships carried millimetre torpedo tubes mounted water bow stern broadside underwater tubes located near forward inch magazine torpedoes carried water tubes submerged tubes carried mines laid protect anchorage remote areas class originally fitted angle vertical points enemy ship usually waterline crow nest estimate range gunnery officer consulted references range calculated proper elevation required hit target transmitted commands electro mechanical fire control transmission system gun turret fitting replaced ships coincidence images superimposed derive range sights installed guns crews trained use waterline armor belt consisted krupp armor inches thick armor gun turrets maximum thickness deck ranged inches thickness inch armored lower deck curved downwards formed anti torpedo bulkhead ships service october flagship vice admiral commander class battleships set sail port arthur vessels squadron received numerous reports japanese agents torpedo boats disguised fishing vessels sailing ordered maximum denmark october early evening following day squadron near auxiliary repair ship reported attack torpedo boats rain hours later squadron encountered british fishing working fog opened fire short range sunk damaged fishermen killed wounded battleships fired damaged cruisers aurora confusion incident enraged british population caused diplomatic incident british nearly led war russia apologized agreed pay october led ships atlantic coast africa rounding reached island north west coast madagascar january remained months finalized arrangements time learned capture port arthur changed destination port controlled russians far_east squadron sailed french march reached month later await obsolete ships commanded ships reached bay combined force sailed exact figures available probable ships approximately long tons overweight coal supplies stored high ships reduced stability extra weight submerged waterline armor belt left feet inches upper armor belt waterline battle grouped division retained personal command division ship division fired shots ship captain ordered open fire japanese cruiser russian formation range meters given pre battle instructions fleet covering situation ordered cease fire rounds fired effect lead ship russian battle line opened fire japanese battleship flagship admiral japanese ships began return fire minutes later high explosive shells quickly set fire captain wounded splinters entered ship conning tower hit jammed steering gear point turn starboard ordered caused ship nearly circle steered engines time aft inch gun turret destroyed explosion blew roof quarterdeck forward funnel fallen mainmast shot away ships division briefly followed clear ship control turned north effort ships regained position battle line primary target japanese time captain iii decided duplicate maneuver battle yellow sea charging straight japanese attempt focus attention ship successful badly damaged process assumed lead position turned fleet south temporarily managed mist fog badly damaged repeated attacks separated main body initially danger sinking russian destroyer came alongside evacuated wounded officers torpedoes fired number torpedo boats ultimately caused magazine explode capsized officers taken survivors crew aboard shooting battle lines resumed japanese concentrated fire iii line port capsized sink survivors lasted little longer concentrated japanese fire inch hits battleship started massive fire ship inch gun turrets knocked minutes later ordered ships cease fire battleship fired loaded inch guns turning away hit beneath starboard forward inch turret ignited ready use ammunition turret fire spread caused catastrophic magazines blew open hull quickly capsized sank crew rescued took lead sunk joined ordered japanese battleships gathering darkness assumed command remains fleet continued ships discovered japanese early following morning attacked battleships faster japanese ships stayed range ships effectively reply decided surrender ships return fire close range careers japanese substantially rebuilt recommissioned june reduce weight cut superstructure guns addition boilers replaced unknown number japanese built boilers rearmed japanese guns changes reduced displacement approximately long tons crew totaled officers crewmen world war ship participated siege august november served flagship japan intervened russian civil war training ship disarmed accordance terms sources differ ultimate fate sunk target aircraft near july scrapped serving baltic_sea world war largest ship fought german high seas fleet battle gulf august lightly damaged hits battle repeatedly bombarded german positions troops rest badly damaged german dreadnought sms significantly increasing draft shallow channel impossible escape scuttled island mainland scrapped | Borodino-class battleship | Warfare | Warships and naval units | Warships of Russia |
21167_RussianmonitorNovgorod | russian monitor russian monitor built imperial_russian_navy 1870s unusual warships constructed survives popular naval myth worst warships built balanced assessment shows relatively effective designed role coast defence ship hull circular reduce draught allowing ship carry armour heavier armament ships size played minor role russo turkish war reclassified coast defence ironclad ship decommissioned sold scrap background scottish published article advocated widening beam ship reduce area needed protected allow carry thicker armour heavier powerful guns comparison normal ship addition ship shallower draught moderate increase power required match speed normal ship sir director naval construction royal_navy agreed elder conclusions rear admiral imperial_russian_navy expanded elder concept ship actually circular design flat unlike elder convex hull draught designed meet requirement defend requirement heavily armoured ships foot draught armed inch rifled guns total programme cost exceed million long ton class monitor met requirements armament powerful general admiral grand duke selected circular design late december model built circular hull performed tests baltic_sea april received reports trials nicknamed ship submitted designs general admiral selected largest ship displaced long tons feet diameter armed inch guns june ironclad estimated cost million total cost entire programme forced scale design october approved design ship feet diameter armed inch guns protected inches armour estimated cost million ship total cost programme including improvements shipyards cost million testing circular ship feet diameter built equipped engines nominal horsepower trials summer considered success description construction design modified addition wood copper reduce increased diameter feet maximum draught feet inches displaced long tons normal load inches deck curved upwards gun barbette center ship superstructure forward barbette housed crew quarters despite initial concerns sea keeping ability stable gun platform easy roll rarely exceeded bluff hull form meant lost speed heavy weather occasion lost force storm conditions ship pitch lift propellers water biggest hull shape greatly reduced rudder ability turn ship flow water took minutes circle ship severe storm solution adopted use engines steering leave rudder fixed reduced ship speed crew officers ratings ship horizontal compound expansion steam engines built driving single propeller steam provided cylindrical boilers engines produced total indicated horsepower gave speed knots mph propulsion machinery proved problematic life result poor quality materials blunt hull form efficient steaming proved consumer coal capacity long tons gave range nautical miles speed ship ventilation problems career despite later fitting large ventilation central hatch barbette armed calibre inch rifled muzzle loading guns guns penetrate inches armour range yards pound shells muzzle velocity feet second rate fire slow round minutes guns mounted separate revolving moved independently locked took minutes rotate gunnery trials november showed locks weak gun cause rotate leading persistent myth ship rotated gun fired reinforcement locks solved problem myth persisted protection ship waterline belt wrought iron completely covered hull extended inches waterline feet inches armour feet high upper plates inches thick lower ones inches armour backed inches teak reinforced channel navy considered backing equivalent inches armour russian ironclad place armament barbette mounting feet high built manner upper belt rounded deck protected total inches armour layers plates ranging thickness inch lower portion funnels base engine room armour plates inches thick construction career treaty paris ended war limited imperial_russian_navy long tons black_sea royal shipyard leased meant ironclads built black_sea service built saint_petersburg shipped port long dormant facility chosen navy began ordering machinery tools britain equip shipyard russia clauses treaty temporary built new admiralty shipyard january construction named city began april shifts speed construction hull completed december official keel laying ceremony held weeks shipment parts arrived april began specially prepared days later rail line saint_petersburg components river barges boilers large shipped freighter baltic_sea construction delayed late deliveries parts workforce lack experience ship finally launched june grand duke attendance guns mounted september entered service following year cost winter small superstructure built aft barbette enclosed built atop addition shape forward superstructure modified bow prominent bridge wings added boom torpedo fitted time ship port visit hosted sir cruise october russo turkish war assigned defense armament reinforced pair pounder inch guns mounted aft superstructure protect torpedo boats guns fired pound shell muzzle velocity feet second range yards time navy realized ship engines contributed little speed steam capacity insufficient engines outer engines removed reduced total power ihp speed knots mph ship cruise romanian town danube war received armoured covers engine room central barbette hatch protect fire stationed 1880s short cruises summer received refurbished boilers vice admiral ship reclassified coast defence ironclad february time armament augmented millimetre quick firing hotchkiss revolving cannon guns range yards rate fire rounds minute following year hull machinery poor condition ship turned disposal stricken navy list july offered sale bulgaria offer taken ship sold scrap december myths reality book world worst warships naval historian characterised like respects dismal failure slow stem current proved difficult steer practice discharge gun caused turn control rotating propellers unable ship correct heading cope rough weather frequently encountered black_sea prone rapid rolling pitching flat calm aim load guns circumstances design ships controversial built 1870s articles published newspapers day supporters detractors later picked historians account published claimed turn reed describing time ship engines reversed cruise wrote circular form extremely favourable kind easily revolved centre speed quickly makes promptly brought rest needed motion reversed probable reports quoted combined story given trial cruise admiral went nicely distance till turned retire current caught carried sea round round soul board criticisms preston discussed earlier opinion naval historian reasonable assessment ships final analysis relatively effective coast defence vessels certainly combination armament armour carried conventional ship greater draught faults certainly faults exaggerated critics russia abroad left legacy stories ships designed incompetent men | Russian monitor Novgorod | Warfare | Warships and naval units | Warships of Russia |
21275_RussianbattleshipIoannZlatoust | russian battleship russian class pre dreadnought battleship imperial_russian_navy built world war completion greatly delayed changes reflect lessons russo japanese war second ship class sister ship modern ships world war began formed core fleet year war class dreadnoughts entered service forced german battlecruiser shortly russia declared war ottoman_empire late covered fortifications early including attacked russian pre dreadnoughts managed drive relegated secondary roles dreadnought entered service late reduced reserve captured germans took city turned allies armistice november engines destroyed british withdrew prevent advancing ship white guards abandoned whites evacuated scrapped soviets description feet long waterline feet inches long overall beam feet maximum draft displacement long tons completed cylinder vertical triple expansion steam engines driving propellers belleville water tube boilers provided steam engines engines total designed output indicated horsepower gave speed knots mph load carried long tons coal provided range nautical miles speed knots mph ran propulsion trials july reached maximum speed knots mph engines produced total indicated horsepower navy satisfied ran test august revealed cracks port engine medium pressure cylinder final test run november ship horsepower increased slightly indicated horsepower inch pattern calibre guns mounted twin gun turrets fore aft turret firing arc inch calibre pattern guns mounted corners superstructure armoured casemates guns firing arc fire straight ahead astern dozen inch pattern calibre guns mounted lower casemates anti torpedo boat armament consisted millimetre calibre guns mounted upper deck protected gun shields carried inch torpedo tubes broadside aft wartime modifications fitted anti aircraft guns turrets screens added funnels light bombs initially received millimetre guns later altered pair guns pair millimetre guns service history construction began november formal keel laying ceremony november progress relatively quick despite caused revolution launched fitting considerably delayed number changes navy lessons russo japanese war example period seven months virtually work ship completed april turrets originally intended reconstruction elderly pre dreadnought diverted reconstruction cancelled beginning world war black sea fleet experimented concentrating fire ships control master ship armed equipped additional radio gear transmit receive range data master ship working weeks russian declaration war ottoman_empire november comprising pre dreadnoughts cruisers escorted destroyers torpedo boats set november bombard successfully morning november turned west hunt turkish shipping coast setting course later afternoon intercepted german battlecruiser light cruiser following day came known despite noon hour conditions capital ships initially spot lead ship held fire master ship gunnery commands finally received showed range yards excess estimate yards opened fire data turned broadside scored hit inch shell partially penetrated armour protecting secondary guns detonated ready use ammunition starting fire burnt killed crew hit caused russian squadron merely fired shells forward turret january ottoman cruiser encountered russian fleet returning mission eastern black_sea hit forward turret temporarily putting action cruisers escaped superior speed served covering force bombardment missions march earlier uneventful bombardment provoked reaction intercepted russian battleships spotted ottoman destroyer forces turned parallel courses opened fire range yards scored hit multiple near misses vice admiral ordered ships knots mph making knots mph unable cross russian ships despite superior speed continually turning manoeuvre bought time able rejoin ships start ottoman forts hit twice german ship broke contact minutes firing fleet assembled admiral attempted pursue enemy battlecruiser unsuccessful august pre dreadnoughts transferred 2nd dreadnought entered service october new dreadnought provided cover bombarded shelled nearby town class ships participated second bombardment reduced reserve march captured germans handed allies following december british wrecked ships engines april left prevent advancing white russians captured sides russian civil war abandoned evacuated november ships scrapped struck november | Russian battleship Ioann Zlatoust | Warfare | Warships and naval units | Warships of Russia |
22650_RussianmonitorTifon | russian monitor russian class monitor built imperial_russian_navy design based american class monitor modified suit russian engines guns construction techniques spending entire career ship active frozen little known service struck navy list converted storage hulk mines renamed ship soviets finland soviets later scrapped description extensively modified russians retain single twin gun turret low original class design feet long overall beam feet draft feet displaced long tons crew numbered officers enlisted men numbered officers crewmen ship fitted cylinder horizontal direct acting steam engine built drove single propeller steam provided rectangular boilers specific information output ship engine survived ranged indicated horsepower ships class sea trials june reached maximum speed knots mph ship carried maximum long tons coal gave theoretical endurance nmi speed designed armed pair inch muzzle loading guns purchased krupp germany rifled russia project seriously delayed ship completed krupp guns lacked penetration power necessary deal ironclads replaced license built inch muzzle loading guns replaced originally intended inch rifled guns wrought iron armor class monitors inch plates class ships ship entirely covered layers armor plates plates extended inches waterline gun turret protected layers armor layers armor curved plates layers thick protected base funnel height feet deck unlike predecessors built deck armor save weight modified addition inch armor plates completion unknown fitted manufactured placed storage construction career construction ship began june new admiralty shipyard saint_petersburg laid december launched entered service cost total double contract cost ship assigned baltic fleet completion sister ships port visit stockholm sweden july august command general admiral grand duke completed armored ring inches thick inches tall fitted base turret prevent splinters later armored outward curving fitted turret protect crewmen later added probably 1870s upper portion turret gun ports turret mounted light gun probably inch gun defense torpedo boats fourth gun mounted platform aft funnel hurricane deck built funnel turret probably 1870s little known ship career laid winter reclassified coast defense ironclad february turned port disposal july stricken august converted storage hulk renamed october year abandoned soviets forced withdraw finland april according terms treaty brest later returned ship subsequently broken finland | Russian monitor Tifon | Warfare | Warships and naval units | Warships of Russia |
23503_RussiancruiserBayan(1900) | russian cruiser cruiser russian ship class armoured cruisers built imperial_russian_navy decade 20th century ship built france available capacity russia assigned completion based port arthur end suffered minor damage beginning russo japanese war supported destroyers patrolled outside harbour bombarding japanese positions july ship struck action months sunk siege port arthur salvaged japanese war imperial_japanese_navy served training ship extensive repairs ship converted decommissioned serve target ship eventually sunk target design description unlike previous russian armoured cruisers class ships designed scouts fleet feet inches long overall feet perpendiculars maximum beam feet inches draft feet displaced long tons ships crew officers men class vertical triple expansion steam engines driving single propeller shaft steam provided belleville boilers designed total indicated horsepower intended propel cruisers knots mph engines actually developed ihp sea trials october drove ship maximum speed knots mph carry maximum long tons coal gave range nautical miles knots mph main armament consisted inch calibre guns single turrets fore aft superstructure inch guns mounted casemates sides ship hull anti torpedo boat defence provided millimetre calibre guns mounted casemates hull superstructure remaining guns located inch gun casemates pivot mounts gun shields mounted millimetre millimetre hotchkiss guns ship submerged inch torpedo tubes broadside ship harvey armour waterline belt inches thick machinery spaces fore aft reduced inches upper armour armour protecting casemates inches thick thickness armoured deck inches central battery single plate consisted inch plate inch plates gun turret sides protected inches armour roofs inches thick barbettes protected armour plates inch thick sides conning tower inches thick construction career named ordered french shipyard sur capacity available russian shipyards ship laid february launched june completed february command captain 1st rank port visits greece italy north_africa sailing arriving april months departing port arthur august french built battleship arrived december assigned night february launched surprise attack russian fleet port arthur hit initial torpedo boat sortied following morning combined fleet commanded vice admiral attacked expected surprise night attack ships successful anticipating russians badly disorganized weakened recovered surprise ready assault japanese vessels spotted protected cruiser patrolling offshore alerted russian defences chose attack russian coastal defences main armament engage ships secondary guns splitting fire proved poor decision japanese inch inch guns inflicted damage russian ships concentrated fire opponents effect suffered superficial damage hits numerous splinters crewmen killed injured ship fired inch inch seventy millimetre shells battle damage repaired days subsequently cruiser patrolled port arthur protected cruiser ship sortied march support destroyer attack japanese destroyers ship sunk help arrived early morning april russian destroyer fell japanese destroyers darkness patrol captain realized mistake russian ship attempted escape failed japanese shell struck torpedoes caused detonate time sortied provide support able rescue survivors japanese squadron protected cruisers attacked vice admiral led force battleships cruisers support ordered rest follow soon meantime japanese reported russian sortie arrived japanese battleships heavily outnumbered ordered ships retreat join rest squadron exiting harbour flagship struck naval sank instantly sailed rest june abortive attempt reach new squadron commander rear admiral ordered squadron return port arthur encountered japanese fleet shortly sunset wish engage numerically superior opponents night battle bombarding positions july ship struck repair september death battle yellow sea august promoted rear admiral commander subsequently trapped port arthur sunk shells december japanese service war wreck refloated june towed given temporary repairs commissioned named volcano august day towed japan permanent repairs lasted july time boilers replaced water tube boilers rearmed japanese built weapons size seventy millimetre guns replaced inch guns september russian protected cruiser assigned training squadron march began training cruise took naval cadets west_coast united_states canada hawaii returned august year ships cruise australia southeast_asia february july briefly relieved assignment september rejoining april training cruise lasted november march took cadets destinations cruise april transferred away training squadron refitted march refit inch guns replaced pair inch guns torpedo tubes removed reassigned december training cruise april august visited new_guinea converted capacity mines formally reclassified april stricken navy list april renamed sunk august submarine torpedoes serving target heavy cruisers | Russian cruiser Bayan (1900) | Warfare | Warships and naval units | Warships of Russia |
23818_Petropavlovsk-classbattleship | class battleship class referred class class pre dreadnought battleships built imperial_russian_navy 1890s transferred completion based port arthur start russo japanese war ships participated second day war sank months war began striking mines laid japanese remaining ships participated august sunk scuttled final stages siege port arthur salvaged japanese captured incorporated imperial_japanese_navy ship renamed japanese service participated late world war sold russians renamed original use battleship ship flagship crew supported later year seized british early intervened russian civil war abandoned withdrew scrapped soviets design description design work class began enlarged improved version battleship main armament inch guns mounted barbettes based experience mounted secondary armament worked rough weather adopted layout american indiana class battleships secondary armament inch guns mounted turrets upper deck use lighter barbette mounting allowed flush deck hull gave ship high class designed displacement long tons length waterline armor belt upper hull featured modest approved january design intended maximum speed knots mph forced draft model testing hull showed reach knots mph delay construction hull reach desired speed navy accepted slower speed development quick firing gun meant upper belt armor necessary weight required gained shortening waterline armor belt left ships ends protected sloping armor deck changes included replacement barbettes turrets type battleship inch quick firing guns original inch guns saved weight additional inch guns added class ships feet long overall beam feet draft feet inches designed displace long tons long tons overweight actually displaced long tons ships flush battleships built navy partial double hull divided watertight transverse bulkheads centerline bulkhead divided machinery spaces upper hull main upper decks curved ships pronounced found french battleships time began curving waterline designed metacentric height feet good ships crew consisted officers enlisted men crew serving flagship ships powered vertical triple expansion steam engines driving propeller steam generated cylindrical boilers working pressure kpa psi unlike sisters boilers engines rated indicated horsepower designed reach speed knots machinery ordered british companies slightly exceeded specifications ships reached maximum speed knots mph indicated horsepower respectively sea trials domestically built machinery reached speed knots mph indicated horsepower despite extra boilers chose exercise penalty provisions contract failing attain design speed specified machinery carried maximum long tons coal allowed steam nautical miles speed knots mph armament main armament consisted pairs caliber inch guns mounted french style center pivot twin gun turrets fore aft hydraulic power loading traversing ammunition electrically powered designed fire shell seconds rate fire service proved round minutes structure turrets proved weak withstand extra strength charges reinforced guns maximum elevation traverse rounds gun carried fired pound shell muzzle velocity range yards elevation secondary armament ships consisted dozen caliber model inch quick firing guns mounted twin gun turrets upper deck pedestal mounted guns sides hull deck turrets turrets traversed ammunition worked electric motors guns elevated manually arc fire guns elevate maximum rate fire turret mounted guns generally half rounds minute pedestal mounted guns motors mechanism ammunition problematic reduced rate fire round minute guns hull traverse inch gun provided rounds fired shells weighed muzzle velocity maximum range yards fired elevation number smaller guns carried defense torpedo boats included millimeter hotchkiss guns hull superstructure fired pound shell muzzle velocity rate rounds minute range yards smaller millimeter hotchkiss guns positioned hull superstructure fighting tops fired pound shell muzzle velocity rate fire rounds minute maximum range yards class ships carried inch torpedo tubes water mounted broadside broadside inch underwater tubes forward inch tubes near forward main gun turret unprotected armor aft inch tubes protected upper armor belt underwater tubes protected underneath armor deck forward forward inch magazine inch type torpedo carried pound tnt speed settings gave maximum range yards knots mph yards knots mph data available inch torpedo ship carried mines laid protect anchorage remote areas ships fitted angle vertical points enemy ship usually waterline crow nest estimate range gunnery officer consulted references range calculated proper elevation required hit target transmitted commands electro mechanical fire control transmission system gun turret protection russian armor plate industry mastered process forming thick steel plates armor ships ordered companies germany united_states produce latest types armor plate quantities required ships ordinary steel harvey armor latest krupp armor armor plates varied attempt effectiveness maximum thickness waterline armor belt machinery spaces inches reduced inches abreast magazines belt tapered thickness inches edge belt armor ships inches machinery spaces inches magazines belt tapered thickness inches lower edge belt covered feet ship length feet inches high upper inches intended waterline belt terminated transverse bulkhead inches thick forward inches thick aft leaving ends ships unprotected waterline belt upper inch armor ran turret bases seven half feet high ends upper belt closed inch angled transverse bulkheads connected ends upper belt turret support tubes armor main gun turrets supporting tubes inches thick krupp armor steel roofs inches thick turrets secondary armament inch sides inch roofs inch guns hull unprotected sides conning tower inches thick armor deck central citadel inches thick outside area covered belt armor flat portion deck inches thick sloped portion inches thick ships careers ships enter service departed october reached port arthur flagship commander vice admiral arrival ship supported international efforts suppress boxer rebellion departed port arthur october arrived april respectively flagship vice admiral beginning russo japanese war february second day war hit twice aft hull hit times bow hit ships lost men killed seven wounded suffered significant damage relieved stark replaced vice admiral assumed command march march sortied support russian cruisers destroyers engaging japanese counterparts headed port arthur join rest main japanese appeared ran newly laid minefield route struck mines observers saw explosions appeared magazines ship sank minutes casualties included admiral guest russian battle artist officers enlisted men seven officers crewmen rescued new commander vice admiral attempt lead june abandoned sortie squadron discovered pursued japanese returning port arthur struck ship took estimated long tons water despite flooding able fleet reached port successfully repair lasted july fire broke aboard ship killed crewmen injured additional millimeter guns lower hull removed time superstructure reinforce land defenses port arthur attempt break japanese blockade august accordance direct order squadron spotted relatively quickly japanese main fleet intercepted russians early afternoon battle battleships russian column slowed engine problems primary target japanese battleships armored cruisers squadron past japanese forced stern chase shortly sunset lucky hit killed threw squadron confusion squadron second command rear admiral prince eventually gained control squadron led port arthur hit shells inches caliber suffered killed wounded hit shells killed wounded men august sortied bombard japanese troops struck near forward magazines returning port badly damaged took lot water ship towed port arthur repairs lasted november meantime new squadron commander rear admiral decided use men guns reinforce defenses port arthur guns stripped squadron ships september inch millimeter guns lost millimeter guns ships lightly damaged centimeter shells october siege guns began firing harbor capture hill overlooked harbor december allowed fire directly russian ships sunk shallow water day shell started fire magazine eventually exploded december russian battleships sunk ship captain anchored guns remaining coast defense guns outside harbor rigged torpedo nets laid minefield ship thwarted repeated attacks december torpedo struck ship stern badly damaged towed deep water weeks later port arthur surrendered january scuttled subsequently raised repaired reclassified class coastal defense ship imperial_japanese_navy served gunnery training ship ship participated siege beginning world war sold russia march arrived april ship arrived egypt september later supported efforts support allied operations macedonia arrived january brief refit flagship crew joined october captured british march allied intervention russian civil war ship bad shape british departed russia october stricken july subsequently scrapped | Petropavlovsk-class battleship | Warfare | Warships and naval units | Warships of Russia |
23848_SovietcruiserChervonaUkraina | soviet cruiser ukrainian red ukraine admiral class light cruiser soviet navy assigned world war supported soviet forces sunk november german aircraft raised training hulk target ship description displaced long tons deep load ship overall length metres beam metres mean draught metres powered steam turbines driving shaft developed total shaft horsepower gave maximum speed knots mph engines powered yarrow water tube boilers coal fired rest mixed firing ship carried maximum long tons coal additional long tons fuel oil sprayed coal increase burn rate mixed firing boilers capacity steam nautical miles speed knots mph designed carry officers men ship main armament consisted calibre pattern guns single mounts mounted casemates anti aircraft armament consisted millimetre guns mounted water millimetre torpedo tubes triple mounts waterline belt consisted millimetres krupp cemented armour upper belt millimetres thick gun shields protected millimetres armour armoured decks millimetres thick armour conning tower millimetres thick service history laid october admiral launched november construction abandoned october revolution ship complete second half restarted construction ship january ship formally renamed captured shortly afterward start russian civil war ship run aground fitting dock shipyard workers hinder evacuation whites ship raised soviets pending decision disposition ship renamed december decided finish job completed nearly original design modified handle aircraft adding cranes middle funnel parking area built central rear funnels catapult fitted original internal torpedo tubes replaced triple torpedo tubes mounted deck rear funnel number port visits turkey greece italy world war extensively overhauled august aircraft equipment removed fitted new fire control equipment ship given italian twin gun caliber anti aircraft mounts placed forecastle forward pattern gun quarterdeck torpedo tube mount removed single mounts semi automatic gun fitted seven machine guns world war company cruisers number destroyers laid defensive barrage protecting base june provided gunfire support soviet forces siege escorted convoys bringing month september escorted convoys october evacuation ordered siege provided gunfire support evacuated cut troops brought reinforcements ports hit times bombs german dive bombers november didn sink day crew ordered abandon guns salvaged guns crew incorporated port defenses twin turrets added raised november repaired training hulk october target ship grounded spit serve fixed target left ship surface | Soviet cruiser Chervona Ukraina | Warfare | Warships and naval units | Warships of Russia |
24264_RussiancruiserAdmiralMakarov | russian cruiser admiral admiral second class armoured cruisers built imperial_russian_navy initially assigned ship detached mediterranean times start world war modified lay mines shortly war began admiral laid mines war provided cover ships laying minefields ship fought inconclusive battles german ships war including mid defended moon sound german invasion islands late admiral decommissioned sold scrap design description admiral feet long overall maximum beam feet draught feet displaced long tons ship crew officers men admiral named honour admiral ship vertical triple expansion steam engines designed total indicated horsepower intended propel cruiser knots mph sea trials developed indicated horsepower drove ship maximum speed knots mph steam engines provided belleville boilers carry maximum long tons coal range unknown admiral main armament consisted inch calibre guns single gun turrets fore aft inch guns mounted casemates sides ship hull anti torpedo boat defense provided millimetre calibre guns mounted casemates hull superstructure remaining guns located inch gun casemates pivot mounts gun shields admiral mounted millimetre hotchkiss guns ship submerged inch torpedo tubes broadside ship krupp armour waterline belt millimetres thick machinery spaces fore aft reduced millimetres upper belt casemates millimetres thick armour deck millimetres thick central battery single plate consisted millimetre plate millimetre plates gun turrets protected millimetres armour conning tower sides millimetres thick service admiral built sur france ship laid april launched admiral completed april ship sailed baltic reached estonia june assigned months later returned mediterranean provided assistance survivor earthquake december ship rejoined transferred mediterranean represented russian_empire battleship armored cruiser protected cruiser coronation august admiral baltic port visit copenhagen following year ship group cruisers visited brest france great_britain norway world war began admiral assigned august ship armored cruiser encountered german light cruisers auxiliary near entrance route lay minefield entrance russian commander refused combat mistakenly thought germans additional armored cruisers shortly afterward admiral modified carry mines laid mines early december group ships mined northern western entrances following month provided cover cruisers laid minefields western baltic_sea near night january february ship route cover sortie ran aground fog pulled despite taking long tons water aboard admiral escorted damaged ship home sister protected cruisers fought brief inconclusive action light cruiser sms night covering sortie july ship participated intercepted wireless signals informed russians small german force sea lay minefield rear admiral sea admiral protected cruisers destroyer route bombard got separated fog rest force encountered light cruiser sms number destroyers escorting russians concentrated forced run aground swedish territorial waters faster escaped south russian cruisers low ammunition encountered german cruisers broke action exchanging fire german launched invasion islands october admiral finland assigned naval forces defending ship arrived october engaged german destroyers attempting enter sound west ordered withdraw october treaty brest required soviets evacuate base march ships based interned newly independent finland frozen admiral group ships sailed march reached days later known ice voyage paid arrival participate russian civil war ship sold scrap broken stettin | Russian cruiser Admiral Makarov | Warfare | Warships and naval units | Warships of Russia |
24286_RussianbattleshipImperatorAleksandrIII | russian battleship emperor ship class dreadnoughts imperial_russian_navy begun world war completed saw service renamed russian freedom completion general russian ship operations world war sister ships given higher priority completion delivered february revolution rendered ineffective saw combat surrendered germans forced turn british terms armistice british turned help evacuate interned french ultimately scrapped pay docking fees guns storage later germans coastal artillery world war soviets continued use cold war description meters long waterline beam meters draft meters displacement tonnes long tons short tons load long tons short tons designed displacement long tons short tons proved bow heavy service tended ship large amounts water forward casemates forward pair guns removed completed attempt compensate trim fitted parsons type steam turbines imported united_kingdom designed total shaft horsepower produced shp trials mixed firing triangular yarrow water tube boilers powered turbines working pressure psi designed speed knots mph maximum coal capacity long tons plus long tons short tons fuel oil gave range nautical miles knots mph electrical power generated curtis main turbo generators auxiliary units ship main armament consisted dozen inch pattern calibre guns mounted triple turrets distributed length ship secondary armament consisted eighteen millimeter pattern calibre guns mounted casemates arranged groups guns forward turret rear funnel remaining rear turret fitted calibre millimeter anti aircraft guns mounted roof fore aft turrets inch submerged torpedo tubes mounted tubes broadside forward magazine service built laid october ceremonial event design finalized contract signed suffered number delays construction method armour supports changed armour plates locked type joint better distribute shock impact based scale armour trials conducted hulk old pre dreadnought battleship added long tons weight ship raised cost priority reduced start world war concentrate efforts advanced sister ships complete quickly expected finished british built turbines delayed launched april arrive fitting july time ship renamed freedom conducted sea trials months time totally ineffective result political situation february revolution combat sailed avoid capture advancing german troops received order june majority crew versus refused decided return arrival disarmed guards left board germans took control october ship brief cruise german crew october guns month later germans forced turn british november accordance armistice party light cruiser took charge month later sailed port crew pre dreadnought escorted october sailed crew turned november renamed general carried shore guns collapse white russian armies ship helped evacuate whites interned rest fleet french decided sell soviet_union sold scrap late 1920s pay docking costs actually broken ship guns placed storage january france gave finland refusing sell seven summer main guns finland seized germany invaded norway april captured board harbor germans guns rebuilding accept german ammunition armoured turrets guns coastal artillery positions guns repair soviet railway guns abandoned soviets evacuated war handed soviet_union kept operational 1990s remaining guns kept replace gun damaged tests super charges 1970s gun turret memorial remaining spare barrel preserved carried guns fort island engaged british light cruiser hms kenya reportedly scoring hit cruiser saw combat war | Russian battleship Imperator Aleksandr III | Warfare | Warships and naval units | Warships of Russia |
24473_RussianbattleshipBorodino | russian battleship russian lead ship class pre dreadnought battleships built imperial_russian_navy second ship class completed named battle ship completed beginning russo japanese war assigned sent far_east months completion break japanese blockade port arthur japanese captured port squadron transit destination changed ship sunk explosions set japanese shell hitting inch magazine survivor crew officers enlisted men description feet inches long waterline feet long overall beam feet inch draft feet inches inches designed normal displacement long tons long tons designed displacement long tons intended crew consisted officers enlisted men usually carried crewmen service ship powered cylinder vertical triple expansion steam engines driving bladed propeller steam generated belleville boilers unlike sisters engines boilers built boilers provided steam engines pressure standard kpa psi engines rated indicated horsepower designed reach speed knots mph produced ihp builder sea trials august gave average speed knots mph load carried long tons coal provided range nautical miles speed knots mph caliber inch guns mounted twin turrets fore aft rate fire round seconds rounds gun carried caliber inch guns mounted electrically powered twin gun turrets carried upper deck practical rate fire approximately rounds minute provided rounds gun millimeter guns torpedo boats mounted casemates forward main gun turret guns placed waterline use weather unlike remaining sixteen guns mounted casemates deck lower distributed length ship close water lower deck guns demonstrated sister ship iii high speed turn trials began taking water lower casemates gun rounds available ship mounted millimeter hotchkiss guns anti torpedo boat defense carried inch torpedo tubes water bow stern submerged tube forward ship waterline armor belt consisted krupp armor inches thick armor gun turrets maximum thickness deck ranged inches thickness inch armored lower deck curved downwards double formed anti torpedo bulkhead service construction began named new admiralty shipyard saint_petersburg ship laid presence launched september completed august cost october set sail port arthur vessels overall command vice admiral led squadron including atlantic coast africa rounding reached island north west coast madagascar january remained months finalized arrangements time learned capture port arthur changed destination port controlled russians far_east squadron sailed french march reached month later await obsolete ships commanded ships reached bay combined force sailed exact figures available probable ship approximately long tons overweight sisters coal supplies stored high ships reduced stability extra weight submerged waterline armor belt left feet inches upper armor belt waterline decided direct route intercepted japanese command admiral beginning battle line flagship little known ship actions battle single survivor ship visibility poor battle captain royal_navy official military observer aboard japanese battleship noted hit badly minutes russian ships opened fire briefly fell position hit apparently regained time fire central portion superstructure suffered multiple hits early battle wounded jammed ship steering fell formation captain facto commander fleet turned south led russian fleet sight japanese cruisers closed turned fleet north avoid encountered japanese battleships hour later concentrated fire sister lists earlier damage captain noted conspicuous hit observed fire observers aboard flagship observed inch hits battleship started massive fire minutes later ordered ships cease fire battleship fired loaded inch guns turning away hit beneath starboard forward inch turret ignited ready use ammunition turret fire spread caused catastrophic nearby inch magazine subsequent magazines blew open hull ship quickly capsized sank class survived explosion crew rescued surviving hours water | Russian battleship Borodino | Warfare | Warships and naval units | Warships of Russia |
24808_RussianbattleshipPetropavlovsk(1894) | russian battleship lead ship class pre dreadnought battleships built imperial_russian_navy displaced long tons load feet long overall mounted main battery inch guns twin turrets participated boxer rebellion russo japanese war flagship taking battles imperial_japanese_navy april battleship sunk striking mines near port arthur men officers died including vice admiral renowned war artist loss greatly hindered russians war design design sister ships class approved january improved version battleship armament barbettes including inch guns class designed displacement long tons load waterline belt upper hull featured chosen starting point design good characteristics copied french battleship american indiana class battleships flush deck hull high following redesign class ceased resemble armor plating changed construction plans armament modified ship built barbettes replaced turrets including wing turrets secondary inch guns modeled electric propulsion based machinery steel armor imported united_states characteristics displaced long tons feet long overall beam feet maximum draft feet inches powered cylindrical boilers coal burning long tons coal gave range nautical miles cruising speed knots crew ship main armament battery inch guns twin turrets secondary armament battery inch guns millimeter guns millimeter anti torpedo boat guns inch torpedo tubes submerged service history early years october sailed saint_petersburg outfitted guns fitted later battleship moved returning october transferred chief watch aboard conducted experiments northern pacific ocean ship arrived mediterranean accepted position expedition left vessel reached port arthur april flagship vice admiral ship took suppression boxer rebellion china october rear admiral took command raised flag russo japanese war early february launched surprise attack russian fleet port arthur squadron attacked flotilla japanese torpedo boat destroyers russians prepared attack confusion ran rampant harbor interior escaped damage torpedo attack lightly damaged engagement day japanese fleet hit inch inch shells killing wounding fired inch inch shells japanese battleships hit result damage incurred attack subsequent lengthy repair time compelled choose flagship better judgement viewed sinking having failed blockade bottle russian squadron port arthur sinking harbor channel japanese admiral formulated new plan ships entrance harbor lure russians minefield hopes sinking number russian warships cover detachments torpedo boat destroyers began lay mines near entrance port arthur night march japanese observed admiral believed russian destroyers ordered patrol area april march old style russian destroyer intercepted japanese destroyers sea battle erupted opposing destroyers immediately dispatched cruiser assist informed presence enemy cruisers site decided lead main forces order seek battle surrounding enemy warships rescue survivors led battleships cruisers group destroyers japanese retreated port arthur gunfire support range reinforced main forces battleships turned head harbor join battleships left squadron united turned enemy miles shore detonated japanese laid port sank taking officers men including admiral war artist monument constructed saint_petersburg honor japanese divers identified remains inside wreck gave burial sea | Russian battleship Petropavlovsk (1894) | Warfare | Warships and naval units | Warships of Russia |
24846_Gangut-classbattleship | class battleship class battleships known class dreadnoughts begun imperial_russian_navy world war convoluted design history involving british companies evolving requirements international design competition foreign protests ships ordered named victorious battles great northern war named battles war ships class names pre dreadnought battleships class lost russo japanese war construction delayed financing problems formally authorized ships delivered december january needed work turrets fire control systems role defend mouth germans tried enter ships spent time training providing cover operations crews participated general mutiny february revolution joined following year russians forced evacuate naval base finland independent december class ships led contingent ships frozen dreadnoughts laid october november lack manpower severely damaged fire laid retained commission defend british forces supporting helped suppress mutiny garrison fort crew joined rebellion march crushed ships given proper revolutionary names vessels recommissioned renamed work repair known money quickly ran repairs modified improve sea keeping abilities transferred heavier light cruiser available proved series ship class progressively reconstructed improved number proposals 1930s rebuild match sisters battlecruiser removing turret came preparatory scrapping ships play prominent role winter war anti aircraft guns significantly increased help ship attempted provide fire support defenders bow blown badly damaged multiple bomb hits september sunk later raised floating battery duration siege spent year repair lengthened subsequent bomb hits hands shipyard ships bombarded german finnish troops long remained reach venture away duration war remained forced evacuate advancing german troops trip besieged december number support january march withdrawn combat april german aerial supremacy risky risk large target remained active list end war little known activities reclassified school battleships stricken slowly scrapped plans project reconstruct bow accepted formally cancelled june renamed served stationary training ship stricken subsequently broken finally scrapped beginning design development end russo japanese war imperial russian navy state confusion leadership tactics ship designs cast repeated defeats japanese battle battle battle navy took time absorb design lessons war government reformed forced conservative officers retire conducted design contest dreadnought refused authorize preferring spend money rebuilding army requirements new class dreadnoughts state submitted design met latest specifications nearly accepted navy long ton ship inch guns triple superimposed turrets rumors contract vickers raised public outcry problems armored cruiser building england situation december announcing international design contest ship built russia regardless winning firm deadline march total designs submitted different shipyards winner competition design german firm french protested want money loaned russia build defenses german pockets russians bought design shelved sides design runner revised navy updated requirements complete design presented march extended month allow contract british firm design assistance hull form machinery believed speed advantage knots mph german battle fleet prove useful battle demonstrated battle use heavy boilers insisted engineering section naval technical committee prevent new design exceeding knots indicated ship turbines deliver shp supplied steam hull form reach knots mph horsepower naval general staff took opportunity speed desired small tube boilers convened meeting discuss issue packed engineers fleet favor small tube boilers engineering section yarrow small tube boiler significantly smaller lighter belleville large tube boiler required frequent cleaning repair horsepower dropped rapidly use russians believe super firing turrets offered advantage discounted value fire believed broadside fire important believed super firing turrets fire lower turret muzzle blast interfering open sighting lower turret roof designed ships linear arrangement turrets distributed length ship arrangement advantages reduced stress ends ship turrets concentrated end ship increased stability lack elevated turrets barbettes improved ship magazines separated gave lower silhouette magazines middle machinery required steam pipes run lack deck space free blast greatly complicated placement anti torpedo boat guns ultimately mounted hull closer water desirable general characteristics meters long waterline meters long overall beam meters draft meters centimeters designed completed overweight displacement metric tons long tons load long tons short tons designed displacement metric tons long tons reduced inches gave slight bow trim wet ships high steel framed hull mild steel areas contribute structural strength plus design process meant hull lighter preceding class pre dreadnoughts hull subdivided transverse watertight bulkheads double engine rooms divided longitudinal bulkheads electrically driven centerline main rudder smaller auxiliary rudder designed metacentric height meters propulsion parsons type steam turbines drove propellers engine rooms located turrets transverse compartments outer compartments high pressure ahead reverse turbine wing propeller shaft central engine room low pressure ahead astern turbines cruising turbines driving center shafts engines total designed output shaft horsepower produced shp speed trials november gave speed knots mph small tube boilers provided steam engines designed working pressure kpa psi boiler fitted oil mixed oil coal burning arranged groups forward group consisted boiler rooms second turret foremost boilers second rear group second turrets comprised compartments boilers load carried long tons coal long tons fuel oil provided range nautical miles speed knots armament main armament consisted dozen inch pattern caliber guns mounted electrically powered triple turrets guns depressed elevated loaded angle rate fire round seconds elevation round minute forward turret arc fire second turret total turret aft turret elevate second traverse rate second rounds gun carried load guns fired kilogram projectiles muzzle velocity provided maximum range meters sixteen manually operated inch caliber pattern guns mounted hull casemates secondary battery intended defend ship torpedo boats lack bow heavy trim forward casemates washed moderate seas guns firing arc bear horizon maximum elevation elevate second traverse degrees second rounds gun provided increased rounds construction designed feet waterline reduced service overweight rate fire seven rounds minute maximum range yards elevation pound semi armor piercing model shell muzzle velocity class ships completed single inch caliber anti aircraft gun mounted quarterdeck maximum depression maximum elevation fired pound shell muzzle velocity rate fire rounds minute maximum ceiling guns probably added course world war details lacking conway says millimeter guns added roofs end turrets war inch submerged torpedo tubes mounted torpedoes tube fire control meter fitted conning towers foot instrument possibly precise master ship concentrating fire situated lower level forward conning tower provide data central artillery post imported mechanical fire control computer transmit gun commands transmission system gun crew follow winter transferred armored rear fore aft turrets point foot added roofs middle turrets received foot rangefinder spring protection armor protection class ships protect different threats revealed russo japanese war japanese high explosive shells portions russian ships sunk ships heavy armor belts russians decided entire ship needed armored limit thickness main belt developed system outer armor break slow shells burst immediately outer armor armor bulkhead stop splinters shell fragments reaching system likely worked british armor piercing shells performed badly battle jutland failed improved shells introduced redesigned related weakness turrets conning towers lacked splinter bulkhead armor thickness roughly equivalent main belt waterline belt krupp cemented armor maximum thickness millimeters tapered edge meters long total height meters meters design waterline meters ship draft centimeters deeper intended meant water remaining portion waterline protected millimeter plates upper belt protected casemates citadel meters high thickness millimeters forward citadel area aft citadel unprotected section hull meters longitudinal splinter bulkhead cemented armor thick level main belt upper belt main deck sloped bulkhead lower edge waterline belt consisted plate mild steel plate space coal bunker added extra protection main belt closed transverse bulkheads fore aft steering gear protected armor thick main gun turrets face sides thick roof guns inch gun shields protect splinters entering separated splinter bulkheads barbettes thick upper deck reduced armor fore aft barbettes conning tower sides thick roof guns individual inch gun shields funnel protected armor upper deck steel middle deck steel longitudinal splinter bulkheads outside lower deck mild steel underwater protection minimal single watertight bulkhead presumably high steel upwards extension double extension splinter bulkhead meters comprehensive system considered early design process rejected cost long tons short tons armor scheme class ships significant weaknesses rear transverse bulkhead unprotected armor thickness forward bulkhead defended upper belt armor barbette armor defect proved fatal battle lack splinter bulkhead armor turrets barbettes conning towers left locations vulnerable main gun hits biggest weakness lack anti torpedo bulkhead highly vulnerable mines torpedoes construction ships laid june ceremonial event actual work begin september october major design turrets magazines completed construction began weights dimensions estimated machinery ships built franco russian works lacked engine shop construction initially slow money ships initial funding taken budget items emperor fund shipyards use money work going enormously expensive cost estimated million including armament way comparison preceding class pre dreadnoughts cost million provided funding pace work accelerated ships launched later year delays delivery engines turrets hindered completion ships completed abbreviated trials end reached fleet december january ships service world war assigned december january reached turrets fire control systems adjusted fine tuned spring role defend mouth germans tried enter spent time training occasional sorties baltic ships ran aground providing cover operations suffered significant damage minor mutiny broke november board executive officer refused feed crew traditional meal meat crews battleships joined general mutiny march idle sailors received word february revolution saint_petersburg treaty brest required soviets evacuate base march interned newly independent finland frozen sisters led group ships march reached days later known ice voyage russian civil war interwar period dreadnoughts laid october november lack manpower bombarded rebellious garrison fort supported light forces operating british ships supporting august claimed torpedoed action harbor fact damaged november fire broke forward boiler room interior repaired numerous proposals reconstruct crews joined rebellion renamed respectively rebellion crushed commemorate betrayal communist_party undamaged ships recommissioned ships given proper revolutionary names initial attempts return service restore original design money ran half completed subsequent plans focused modernized equivalent sisters battlecruiser turret deleted save weight considered finally abandoned january work stopped refitted preparation transfer year given open topped false bow improve sea keeping ability route caught heavy storm damaged bow forced brest repairs class reconstructed april superstructure enlarged guns replaced turrets overhauled anti aircraft armament augmented fire control equipment modernized boilers converted burn fuel oil produced steam forward boilers removed boiler room turned anti aircraft magazines control spaces forward funnel angled rear extended try exhaust gunnery spaces bridge given false bow solid turned forecastle ship rebuilt experiences sister modernization old boilers replaced dozen oil fired boilers originally intended class battlecruiser space saved add longitudinal watertight bulkhead greatly improved underwater protection rest modernization lines tubular foremast replaced semi conical mast new aft structure built rear conning tower caused mainmast moved forward forward funnel curved rear better bridge clear exhaust gases thickness turret roofs increased millimeters began stage reconstruction lines modernization major differences guns turrets improved increase rate fire rounds minutes extend range ship class receive light anti aircraft guns forward funnel given curve direct exhaust gases away forward superstructure completed alterations returned dockyard december july receive new armored deck anti torpedo cured stability problems greatly increased underwater protection modest cost speed world war participation winter war limited bombardment finnish coastal artillery december failed inflict permanent damage driven near misses ships anti aircraft armament modernized reinforced winter transferred shortly soviets occupied estonia received guns february march received modest number guns receiving landed guns right germans invaded june germans attacked soviet_union date soon forced fall speed german advance baltic fleet dreadnoughts participated combat september fired troops positions near lightly damaged german centimeter guns september bow blown september bomb hits claimed iii flying detonated forward magazine sank shallow water progressive flooding raised floating artillery battery rest war later gun turrets reverted original badly damaged september bomb hits bow knocked turrets sent repairs october hit bombs different occasions repair november armament reinforced period returned mission providing fire support siege offensive january offensive june soviet battleship fire shots anger june offensive july ship awarded order red banner received air warning radar late 1930s barracks hulk stripped parts formally discarded december scrapping begun pace german invasion towed run aground late july near siege hull base small ships raised towed scrapped beginning remained october evacuated germans breached soviet defensive lines near ship fired shots war november bombarded german romanian troops south evacuation run december bombarding german troops arrival spent time supporting troops january march fired shots war targets near nights march returning worn inch guns time finished soviets unwilling expose prominent ship german air attacks sunk number cruisers destroyers returned original remained late led surviving major units november air warning radars fitted war awarded order red banner july postwar remained active list end war little known activities reclassified school battleships july stricken february scrapping began year hulk existence war plans project reconstruct known bow moving turret forward position accepted formally cancelled june renamed nearby river november served stationary training ship stricken september broken world war turrets guns rebuild remained service | Gangut-class battleship | Warfare | Warships and naval units | Warships of Russia |
24866_ImperatritsaMariya-classbattleship | class battleship class russian battleships dreadnoughts built imperial_russian_navy ships built world war ships built built russian ships delivered saw combat german warships gifted ottoman_empire completed saw combat disorder navy february revolution earlier year sunk magazine explosion harbor having renamed scuttled harbor prevent turned germans required treaty brest crew iii renamed voted turn germans able training cruise turn victorious allies armistice terms british took control turned renamed general gun turret time provided fire support whites forced evacuate later year sailed fleet tunisia interned french eventually scrapped 1930s pay docking fees design development began planning class dreadnoughts learned ottomans verge ordering dreadnoughts british rumor proved false russians decided continue design process time ottomans dreadnoughts preliminary specifications issued august design based class battleships built knots mph thought excessive confined black_sea new design capable knots mph allowed weight devoted guns heavier armor main armament dozen inch guns triple turrets specified linear non superfiring arrangements sixteen millimeter anti torpedo boat guns replaced millimeter pattern guns counter increasing size torpedo boats maximum elevation inch guns increased class ships turret armor increased design competition announced july contenders favored design gave preliminary orders ships september competition concluded november design selected government transferred designers government owned complete set drawings class speed detailed design process general characteristics ships class meters long overall beam meters load draft meters displaced long tons standard load high steel hull mild steel areas contribute structural strength hull subdivided transverse watertight bulkheads engine room divided longitudinal bulkheads double provided designed metacentric height meters slightly larger half sisters enlarged effort counter usual problem russian battleships weight meters long waterline beam meters feet inches longer feet wider half sisters exact draft known draft meters trials displacement long tons load long tons designed displacement long tons proved bow heavy service tended ship large amounts water forward casemates ammunition forward inch guns reduced rounds ammunition reduced rounds gun attempt compensate trim fully cure problem lost changes implemented fully cure problem known forward pair guns removed fitting suffer degree trim bow virtue greater size retained forward guns propulsion built ships fitted parsons type steam turbines imported united_kingdom turbines built technical assistance designed total shaft horsepower shp produced shp trials mixed firing triangular yarrow water tube boilers powered turbines working pressure kpa psi designed speed knots maximum coal capacity ranged long tons plus long tons fuel oil gave range approximately nautical miles speed nautical miles economical speed electrical power generated main curtis turbo generators auxiliary units armament main armament class consisted dozen inch pattern caliber guns mounted triple turrets distributed length ship guns identical class ships turrets new design fore aft turrets traverse total middle turrets covered arc guns depressed elevated loaded angle rate fire supposed rounds minute elevation turrets elevate second traverse rate second rounds gun carried load guns fired kilogram projectiles muzzle velocity provided maximum range meters secondary armament consisted millimeter caliber pattern guns mounted casemates arranged groups guns forward turret rear funnel remaining rear turret guns situated fire ahead likely direction attack torpedo boats anticipated rate fire ranged rounds minute provided rounds gun maximum range meters kilogram shell muzzle velocity anti aircraft armament originally planned october specified caliber inch guns new design fitted entered service older ships millimeter caliber pattern guns mounted turret roofs gun maximum elevation fired pound shell muzzle velocity rate fire rounds minute maximum ceiling newer caliber millimeter guns mounted fore aft turrets maximum depression maximum elevation fired pound shell muzzle velocity rate fire rounds minute maximum ceiling underwater inch torpedo tubes fitted broadside compartment immediately forward magazine trials revealed problems magazine cooling systems heat generated ventilation system cooling effects system sisters shared problem contributed magazine fire suffered led loss older ships mounted meter conning tower given foot turret provide data central artillery post standard mechanical computer transmit guns gun crew follow armor scale armor trials hulk old pre dreadnought battleship greatly affected armor protection class ships krupp cemented armor plates sized match frames provide support joints locked type joint better distribute shock shell impact waterline belt maximum thickness millimeters continued forward aft citadel plates millimeters millimeters thick reduced millimeters millimeters bow aft belt millimeters way stern total height meters meters design waterline meters backed millimeters wood better fit hull armor forward end citadel protected armor transverse bulkhead millimeters thick barely consider splinter protection rear bulkhead protection millimeters thick thin bulkheads left end magazines vulnerable shells fired ship upper belt millimeters thick height millimeters forward casemates way bow casemates protected millimeters transverse bulkhead fire screen armor longitudinal splinter bulkhead millimeters thick casemates separate splinter bulkhead main gun turrets sides millimeters thick roofs plates protected gun ports millimeter bulkheads separated gun barbettes thick reduced upper deck forward rear turrets millimeters forward conning tower sides millimeters thick millimeters roof supporting tube reduced upper deck rear conning tower sides support tube roof thick funnel protected armor upper deck reduced millimeters upper deck millimeters thick middle deck thick armored citadel outside citadel middle deck thick lower deck thick underwater protection minimal watertight bulkhead upwards extension double construction ships laid october ceremonial event design finalized contracts signed contract finally signed april specified delivery dates september iii built larger design added million gold cost delayed start construction months half sisters despite demanding schedule ships suffered number delays construction february changes ordered incorporate lessons learned scale armor trials conducted added long tons weight ships raised cost delays incurred war began imported components took longer reach shipyards factories switched war production construction iii deliberately delayed order accelerate completion sisters turrets transferred service history russian empress maria launched october arrived july completed fitting months conducted sea trials provided cover pre dreadnought battleships conducted shore bombardment missions october encountered german light cruiser twice cruiser escaped splinter damage october capsized sank magazine fire subsequent explosion following complex salvage operation eventually raised placed drydock chaos russian revolution subsequent civil war repair work ship scrapped beginning guns turrets fallen ship capsized later salvaged guns 30th coast defense battery defending world war known germans russian empress catherine great launched june completed october originally named june renamed russian engaged german battlecruiser turkish service sultan failed inflict severe splinter damage encountered april cruiser higher speed escape scuttled june prevent turned germans required treaty brest attempt salvage 1920s inch shells salvaged wreck magazine explosion triggered explosive charges gain access shells iii iii russian emperor alexander iii launched april renamed freedom russian general russian ship operations world war long delays delivery machinery britain able sea conduct series trials sailed avoid capture advancing german troops received order june majority crew refused decided return arrival disarmed guards left board germans took control october brief cruise german crew october guns germany surrender turned british moved turkey british brought black_sea turned white russian forces fought russian civil war mainly carrying shore collapse white russian armies battleship assisted evacuation french owned tunisia interned eventually scrapped pay docking fees french stored guns later donated winter war arrive end war germans captured inch guns transit harbor invaded norway april germans guns coastal artillery germans guns rebuilding accept german ammunition armored turrets inch guns repair railway guns fallen hands continuation war forced surrender soviets 1990s | Imperatritsa Mariya-class battleship | Warfare | Warships and naval units | Warships of Russia |
25324_SovietcruiserVoroshilov | soviet cruiser russian class cruiser served world war cold war bombarded german troops siege badly damaged november german bombers return repairs march supported soviet troops siege amphibious landings end january active participation war ended october destroyers lost air attack missions large ships permission postwar converted missile test ship sold scrap description meters long beam meters draft meters displaced metric tons long tons standard load metric tons long tons load steam turbines proved powerful anticipated producing total shaft horsepower achieve ship designed speed knots sea trials reaching knots mph despite metric tons long tons overweight carried millimeter caliber guns electrically powered triple turrets secondary armament consisted single millimeter caliber anti aircraft guns fitted rear funnel ship light guns consisted semi automatic millimeter guns millimeter machine guns millimeter torpedo tubes fitted triple wartime modifications war broke equipped radars received number british radars type type radars main battery fire control type air search anti aircraft fire control provided type radars service laid south shipyard october second project use industrial designation class cruisers launched june wait soviet built machinery delivered completed june june covered soviet destroyers bombarding germans attacked soviet_union slightly damaged exploded destroyer bombarded axis troops near september shells transferred shortly november ship bombed harbor bombers hit twice hit started fire magazine extinguished water flooding second hit towed repairs lasted february shelled axis positions near march april damaged fragments bombs april return minor repairs provided fire support soviet troops turbines broke helping transfer 9th required repairs lasting july november damaged nearby explosions bombarding shells managed return power repairs completed assisted soviet forces landing german lines shells end january february ship transferred withdrawn active operations loss destroyers attempting german evacuation air attack october loss caused deployment large naval units express permission granted rest war ship transferred august november awarded order red banner july postwar inspected found unsatisfactory given routine began postwar modernization april navy scope work deemed insufficient create fully modern ship unlike half sister selected conversion missile development project february conversion process prolonged armament removed received entirely new superstructure masts consequently recommissioned december ship modernized october december final conversion floating barracks october redesignated sold scrapping march ton propeller ton stop anchor display | Soviet cruiser Voroshilov | Warfare | Warships and naval units | Warships of Russia |
25522_RussianbattleshipImperatorAleksandrII | russian battleship russian battleship built imperial_russian_navy 1880s artillery training ship assigned time russo japanese war sent pacific rest inactive world war crew active revolutionary movement turned port authority april sold scrap august towed germany autumn stricken november description named emperor russia built saint_petersburg laid june launched july completed june trials lasted spring feet long waterline feet inches long overall beam feet inches draft feet inches displaced long tons load long tons designed displacement long tons cylinder vertical compound steam engines driving foot screw propellers cylindrical boilers provided steam engines engines built total designed output indicated horsepower trials powerplant produced ihp speed knots mph carried long tons coal provided range nautical miles speed knots mph nautical miles speed knots mph main armament class ships pair inch model calibre guns mounted twin barbette mount forward inch model calibre guns center pivot mounts casemates corners citadel hull increase arcs fire ahead inch model calibre guns mounted broadside pivot mounts fitted inch guns traverse total mounted end ship fire directly ahead astern millimetre hotchkiss revolving cannon mounted hull ship inch guns defend torpedo boats millimetre hotchkiss revolving cannon mounted fighting carried water inch torpedo tubes bow tube broadside tube stern smaller inch torpedo tubes mounted ship mines carried history served represented russia cruiser opening kiel canal june ran aground later year sustained little damage joined august supported russian interests revolt returned september december modified serve artillery school ship crew refused suppress garrison defending august assigned spent world war crew active revolutionary movement renamed dawn freedom turned port authority april sold scrap august towed germany autumn stricken november conway says reconstructed france torpedo tubes removed inch guns exchanged inch calibre guns inch calibre guns revolver cannon exchanged pounder guns confirms torpedo tubes removed says inch guns replaced inch fifth placed stern old inch guns exchanged newer powerful models guns added upper deck presumably replacing old revolver cannon | Russian battleship Imperator Aleksandr II | Warfare | Warships and naval units | Warships of Russia |
25683_RussianbattleshipAndreiPervozvanny | russian battleship russian called battleship built imperial_russian_navy ship construction seriously extended design changes result russo japanese war labor unrest revolution took nearly years build active world war bored sailors joined general mutiny early bombard rebellious garrison fort russian civil war torpedoed shortly allied intervention russian civil war ship fully repaired scrapped description feet long waterline feet long overall beam feet draft feet displaced long tons deep load hull subdivided transverse watertight bulkheads engine rooms divided centerline longitudinal bulkhead double metacentric height feet ship crew consisted officers crewmen cylinder vertical triple expansion steam engines total designed output indicated horsepower belleville boilers provided steam engines working pressure pounds square inch kpa cm2 sea trials engines produced ihp speed knots mph carried normal load long tons coal provided range nautical miles speed knots mph maximum load long tons gave nautical miles speed main armament consisted pairs inch model caliber guns mounted twin gun turrets fore aft guns maximum elevation eighty rounds gun carried fire round minute fourteen inch model caliber guns mounted twin gun turret corners superstructure mounted casemates superstructure defense torpedo boats carried millimeter guns mounted casemates inch guns superstructure underwater millimeter torpedo tubes mounted provided spare torpedoes based russian experience battle sides ship hull completely protected krupp cemented armor main waterline belt maximum thickness inches upper belt inches sides main gun turrets inches thick armor casemates ranged inches thickness greatest thickness deck armor inches service history built saint_petersburg construction began march officially laid construction slowed labor trouble shipyard revolution launched october began sea trials september completed october ship entered service march joined completion port visit copenhagen september following september visited portland sister ship ran aground coast july ship repair world war began following month masts cut light added repair inactive war russian naval strategy baltic defensive intend seek german fleet torpedo nets fitted early ship torpedoes removed january late millimeter anti aircraft guns added ship crew joined general mutiny march received word february revolution saint_petersburg ship officers murdered crew treaty brest required soviets evacuate naval base march ships interned newly independent finland frozen sister ship renamed led second group ships april reached days later known ice voyage october revolution ship remained active duty russian civil war june dreadnought bombarded garrison ship fired inch inch shells garrison surrendered june promised lives order machine attacked royal_navy campaign baltic torpedoed night august ship lay anchor hit port bow settled feet bow british claimed torpedo hits torpedoes actually struck harbor wall battleship victoria_cross britain highest military decoration awarded commander lieutenant successful attack ship raised docked fully repaired repair nearly hit small bomb british air raid september scrapping began december formally stricken november | Russian battleship Andrei Pervozvanny | Warfare | Warships and naval units | Warships of Russia |
26109_Borodino-classbattlecruiser | class battlecruiser class battlecruisers russian group battlecruisers ordered imperial_russian_navy world war referred class laid december saint_petersburg service construction ships delayed domestic factories orders components ordered abroad start world war slowed construction imported components delivered domestic production diverted areas immediately useful war effort ships launched fourth work gun turrets evident russian industry able complete ships war russian revolution stop construction resumed consideration given finishing hulls nearest completion eventually sold scrap soviet_union proposed convert ship closest completion aircraft carrier plan cancelled political maneuvering led funding available design development end russo japanese war russian naval general staff decided needed squadron fast armoured cruisers use speed engage leader enemy battle line admiral russian fleet initially naval general staff wanted ship high speed knots kilometres hour miles hour inch guns limited protection waterline belt emperor approved construction ships session ended proposal voted preliminary bids ships private builders bids proved high leading requirements new specification issued july ship speed knots mph armour increased armaments increased inch guns non superfiring triple gun turrets based false rumor germans increasing caliber guns believed widely separating main gun magazines improved ship superfiring arrangement muzzle blast hurt sailors manning gun sights lower turrets open sighting turret roofs new bids september domestic foreign seven responded deadline extended month number designs rejected meeting revised criteria meantime artillery section main administration decided preferred turret design new bids leading contenders round bidding eventual winner design saint_petersburg extra turret added new hull section inserted original turret design approved construction design finalised allocated million ship increase armaments increase size ships raised estimated cost seven million money diverted budget class cruisers orders placed september pair ships new admiralty shipyard pair ready trials july second pair september scale armour trials revealed weaknesses proposed protection scheme trials employed obsolete ironclad modified armour protection identical class battleships construction deck turret roof armour proved thin structure supporting armour strong withstand shock impact heavy shells design class ships modified consequence slowed construction deck armour reinforced extra plates turret roofs increased thickness roof conning tower increased respectively compensate additional weight rear conning tower removed entirely thickness main belt reduced joints introduced armour plates vertical edges better distribute shock shell impact stress supporting hull structure launching pair ships postponed months changes plus delays imposed large number ship orders hand outbreak world war caused delays number components ordered foreign manufacturers example gun turrets rested inch roller germany attempts order replacements united_kingdom sweden proved futile company willing able components turbines ordered germany seized german government beginning war construction class cruisers general characteristics class ships metres long overall beam metres draught metres load ships displaced long tons normally long tons load high steel hull mild steel areas contribute structural strength hull subdivided transverse watertight bulkheads engine room divided longitudinal bulkhead double height metres ship protected triple added extra millimetres depth design called metres forward metres amidships metres aft ships fitted anti rolling tanks propulsion sets steam turbines ordered april franco russian works saint_petersburg admiralty built ships built turbines pair ordered vulcan stettin germany components ordered abroad wing propeller shafts powered high pressure impulse reaction turbines shafts powered low pressure reaction type turbines produced total shaft horsepower designed shp turbines powered triangular yarrow boilers working pressure cm2 kpa psi forward boilers grouped compartments oil fired boilers compartment rear boilers split compartments containing coal fired boilers fitted oil maximum speed estimated knots forcing machinery increase knots mph coal capacity long tons fuel oil capacity long tons gave estimated range nautical miles speed class ships turbo generators diesel generators rated kilowatts divided compartments platform deck forward aft machinery generators powered complex electrical system combined alternating current equipment direct current heavy load machinery turret motors armament main armament consisted electrically powered turrets built turrets designed elevate traverse rate second calibre millimetre model guns guns depressed elevated loaded angle expected rate fire rounds minute load rounds gun carried guns fired kilogram projectiles muzzle velocity provided maximum range metres secondary armament consisted calibre pattern guns mounted casemates pair casemates situated rear turrets near forward turret additional casemates directly middle pair positioning reflected naval general staff prediction likely direction attack torpedo boats anti aircraft armament intended caliber millimetre anti aircraft guns fitted upper deck rounds stored gun millimetre guns mounted pairs main turret roofs sub caliber training main guns underwater millimetre torpedo tubes fitted broadside provided total eighteen torpedoes fire control fore aft main gun turrets given meter rangefinder metre unit conning tower provide data central artillery post computer transmit commands gun crew mechanical fire control computer range clock bought domestically designed system protection trials greatly affected armour protection design class ships krupp cemented armour plates sized match frames provide support joints locked joints better distribute shock shell impact millimetres waterline belt covered middle metres ship total height metres metres design waterline metres backed millimeters wood better fit hull armour remaining portion waterline protected millimetre plates backed millimetres wood upper belt millimetres thick height metres forward casemates way bow rear portion forecastle deck protected upward extension upper belt area forward barbettes upper casemates upper casemates protected fire transverse bulkheads armour longitudinal splinter bulkhead millimetres thick middle lower decks decreased millimetres middle upper decks bulkhead sloped away edge lower deck lower edge armour belt total thickness slope plate armour steel plate forward end armoured citadel protected separately transverse bulkhead thick rear bulkhead protection millimetres thick middle lower decks decreasing level armour belt main gun turrets sides thick roofs gun ports protected plates bulkheads separated gun barbettes thick decreasing millimetres armour shaped like truncated matched descending shells protective value conning tower millimetres thick reduced upper deck funnel protected armour upper deck millimetres thick middle deck consisted millimetre plates steel armoured citadel underwater protection minimal millimetre watertight bulkhead upward extension double thinner hull narrowed end turrets construction ships officially laid december work begin march april progress review june launching pair ships delayed october world war began hull advanced ship judged percent complete considerably war caused delays including problems obtaining imported components ships competing scarce resources production deemed necessary war ships launched clear russian industry able complete war turrets seriously delayed reclassified 2nd rank projects number plans post war completion ships including modifying turrets load fixed angle reduce weight complexity loading equipment intended change funnels metres smoke interference bridge noted problem class dreadnoughts suggestions improve machinery geared turbines turbo electric drive hydraulic transmission theoretical practical february revolution condition ships assessed april ship hull engines boilers complete armour complete turrets expected completed decided continue work provide jobs halted work october soviet ordered work halted december end russian civil war victorious considered finishing possibly original design taken years build turrets guns available delivered vickers revolution gun completed domestically prospects guns purchased vickers soviets promising given state heavy industry wake civil war problem complicated electrical system completed current conditions months required replace simpler system soviets considered finishing modified design featured inch guns gun turret weighed slightly triple inch gun turret proposals changes turrets armour scheme accepted prospects actually acquiring guns minimal domestic industry capable building large guns able purchase guns foreign company ideas examined complete ships included converting hulls cargo ships passenger liners long ton oil barges ideas rejected hulls thought large proposed alternative uses proposals accepted complete ships sold german company scrap august raise needed cash government worked requirements conversion aircraft carrier speed knots mph capacity aircraft armed millimetre guns armour reduced maximum millimetres proposal approved chairman july plan cancelled march managed gain control commission appointed review needs navy army strongly opposed spending additional money naval projects scrapped beginning ships ships named battles fought russian_empire | Borodino-class battlecruiser | Warfare | Warships and naval units | Warships of Russia |
27499_SovietcruiserKirov | soviet cruiser russian class cruiser served winter war world war cold war attempted bombard finnish coast defense guns action winter war driven number near misses damaged led evacuation end august blockaded provide gunfire support siege bombarded finnish positions offensive played war reclassified training cruiser august sold scrap february description metres long beam metres draft metres displaced tonnes long tons standard load tonnes long tons load steam turbines produced total shaft horsepower reached knots mph trials carried millimeter caliber guns electrically powered triple turrets secondary armament consisted single millimeter caliber anti aircraft guns fitted rear funnel light guns consisted semi automatic millimeter guns millimeter machine guns millimeter torpedo tubes fitted triple wartime modifications exchanged guns fully automatic millimeter guns thousand rounds gun extra machine guns quadruple vickers machine gun iii mount lacked radar war broke equipped british models type air search type type radars main battery fire control anti aircraft fire control provided type radars post war refit completely overhauled secondary armament upgraded electrically powered fully automated fire control system replaced system stabilized directors light guns replaced twin gun water cooled mounts radars replaced soviet systems surface search air search surface gunnery anti aircraft gunnery radars anti submarine weapons torpedo launchers aircraft equipment boat cranes removed expensive half cost new class cruiser deemed success allowed serve decades service laid yard october launched november completed september commissioned autumn worked early sailed october soviet_union began occupy continuing following day world war winter war escorted destroyers attempted bombard finnish coast defense guns kilometres south november fired rounds damaged number near misses return soviet naval base repairs remained rest winter war repair october based near time german attack soviet_union june trapped rapid enemy advance supported sorties soviet destroyers western half evenings june loading fuel ammunition reduce draft passed shallow moon sound channel island mainland great difficulty managed reach end june provided gunfire support defense served flagship evacuation fleet end august rest war blockaded axis minefields provide gunfire support defenders siege damaged number german air artillery attacks seriously april hit bombs centimeter shell damaged guns aft funnel mainmast killed sailors wounded repairs took months catapult removed lighter pole mainmast fitted anti aircraft armament increased liberated early remained took war provide gunfire support soviet offensive mid post war damaged german magnetic leaving october repair december refitted november april machinery completely overhauled radars fire control systems anti aircraft guns replaced latest soviet systems participated fleet maneuvers north_sea january reclassified training cruiser regularly visiting poland august sold scrap february decommissioned gun turrets installed saint_petersburg monument | Soviet cruiser Kirov | Warfare | Warships and naval units | Warships of Russia |
27543_RussianironcladSevastopol | russian ironclad russian ironclad russian ordered gun wooden frigate imperial_russian_navy early 1860s converted construction gun armored frigate served reclassified training ship decommissioned years later sold scrap description feet long perpendiculars beam feet inches draft feet inches forward feet aft displaced long tons fitted blunt iron ram bow considered good sea boat total crew numbered officers enlisted men ship fitted horizontal return connecting rod steam engine built drove single bladed propeller steam provided unknown number rectangular boilers ship sea trials engine produced total indicated horsepower gave ship maximum speed knots mph ship carried maximum long tons coal endurance unknown schooner rigged masts heavy frigate intended armed powerful guns available russians inch pounder gun long pounder armament revised converted ironclad completed armament thirty pounder guns upper deck chase guns lower deck chase gun guns lower deck replaced inch rifled guns pounders replaced seven inch guns years later armament changed inch guns lower deck upper deck mounted upper deck inch inch rifled guns entire ship protected wrought iron armor extended feet inches waterline inches thick amidships backed inches teak inches backed inches teak steps beginning feet ship ends construction service named siege war laid september gun heavy frigate converted gun armored frigate july construction ship launched august commissioned july served entire career reclassified training ship march decommissioned june sold breaking | Russian ironclad Sevastopol | Warfare | Warships and naval units | Warships of Russia |
27629_SovietcruiserMaximGorky | soviet cruiser russian class cruiser saw action world war continued service cold war ship bow blown opening stages repairs repaired ship trapped harbour war axis minefields despite trapped active engagements ship provided gunfire support defenders siege later bombarded finnish positions offensive saw action world war major modernization begun navy cost effectiveness refit work cancelled sold scrap description meters long waterline meters long overall beam meters draft meters displaced metric tons long tons standard load metric tons long tons load steam turbines produced total shaft horsepower sea trials propelled ship maximum speed knots mph barely short designed speed knots tonnes long tons overweight normally carried metric tons long tons fuel oil metric tons long tons load metric tons long tons gave endurance nautical miles knots mph carried millimeter calibre guns electrically powered triple turrets secondary armament consisted single millimeter calibre anti aircraft guns fitted rear funnel light anti aircraft guns consisted semi automatic millimeter guns millimeter machine guns millimeter torpedo tubes fitted triple wartime modifications exchanged guns fully automatic guns thousand rounds gun extra machine guns quadruple machine gun iii mounts war broke lacked radar equipped british radar type air search type type radars main battery fire control anti aircraft fire control provided type radars service laid yard december slightly improved version designated soviets pair class cruisers called project launched april completed december ship escorts ran german laid minefield providing cover soviet defensive mining efforts june destroyer lost bows port temporary repairs ship transferred assistance later new bow section fabricated ship july rest war blockaded axis minefields provide gunfire support defenders siege example fired shells september rounds offensive january bombarded finnish positions soviet offensive june repeatedly lightly damaged german air artillery attacks extended refit occurred winter upper deck reinforced millimetre armour plates postwar career tested soviet naval helicopter december began refit planned include complete overhaul machinery radar fire control systems anti aircraft guns replaced latest soviet systems torpedo fitted increase displacement metric tons long tons consequent penalties speed range navy evaluated scope work deemed insufficient create fully modern ship suspended refit sold scrapping april navy decided wasn needed missile test ship | Soviet cruiser Maxim Gorky | Warfare | Warships and naval units | Warships of Russia |
27724_RussianbattleshipEvstafi | russian battleship russian pre dreadnought battleship imperial_russian_navy built world war completion greatly delayed changes reflect lessons russo japanese war lead ship class sister ship modern ships world war began formed core fleet year war dreadnoughts entered service forced german battlecruiser shortly russia declared war ottoman_empire late covered fortifications early including attacked russian pre dreadnoughts managed drive relegated secondary roles dreadnought entered service late reduced reserve captured germans took city turned allies armistice november engines destroyed british withdrew prevent advancing white russians abandoned whites evacuated scrapped soviets description feet long waterline feet inches long overall beam feet maximum draft displacement long tons designed cylinder vertical triple expansion steam engines driving propellers belleville water tube boilers provided steam engines engines total designed output indicated horsepower gave speed knots mph load carried long tons coal provided range nautical miles speed knots mph inch pattern calibre guns mounted twin gun turrets fore aft turret firing arc inch calibre pattern guns mounted corners superstructure armoured casemates guns firing arc fire straight ahead astern dozen inch pattern calibre guns mounted lower casemates anti torpedo boat armament consisted millimetre calibre guns mounted upper deck protected gun shields carried inch torpedo tubes broadside aft wartime modifications fitted anti aircraft guns turrets screens added funnels light bombs received guns later replaced millimetre guns pair millimetre guns service history began july formal keel laying ceremony november progress relatively quick despite caused revolution launched november fitting considerably delayed number changes navy lessons russo japanese war completed shortly completion ran aground romanian port october slightly damaged world war newest ship flagship vice admiral commanding fleet year world war weeks russian declaration war ottoman_empire november comprising pre dreadnoughts cruisers escorted destroyers torpedo boats set november bombard successfully morning november turned west hunt turkish shipping coast setting course later afternoon intercepted german battlecruiser light cruiser following day came known despite noon hour conditions capital ships initially spot experimented concentrating fire ships control master ship war held fire master ship gunnery commands finally received showed range yards excess estimate yards opened fire data turned broadside scored hit inch shell partially penetrated armor protecting secondary guns detonated ready use ammunition starting fire burnt killed crew returned fire shortly hit middle funnel shell detonated passed funnel destroyed antenna fire control radio meant correct inaccurate range data hit times shell failed detonate decided turn away break contact fourteen minutes combat suffered killed wounded hits fired inch shells inch inch shells armour plates required replacement battle taken old pre dreadnought repairs completed november january ottoman cruiser encountered russian fleet returning mission eastern black_sea hit forward turret shell temporarily putting action cruisers escaped superior speed served covering force bombardment missions march earlier uneventful bombardment provoked reaction intercepted russian battleships spotted ottoman destroyer forces turned parallel courses opened fire range yards scored hit multiple near misses admiral ordered ships knots mph making knots mph unable cross russian ships despite superior speed continually turning manoeuvre bought time able rejoin ships start ottoman forts hit twice german ship broke contact minutes firing fleet assembled admiral attempted pursue enemy battlecruiser unsuccessful august pre dreadnoughts transferred 2nd dreadnought entered service october new dreadnought provided cover bombarded shelled nearby town class ships participated second bombardment reduced reserve march captured germans subsequently accommodation hulk ships handed allies following december british wrecked ships engines april left prevent advancing white russians captured sides russian civil war abandoned evacuated november renamed revolution july ships scrapped removed november | Russian battleship Evstafi | Warfare | Warships and naval units | Warships of Russia |
27752_RussianmonitorKoldun | russian monitor russian class monitor built imperial_russian_navy belgium design based american class monitor modified suit russian engines guns construction techniques ships class built belgium assembled russia spending entire career ship active frozen little known service stricken converted coal barge renamed abandoned soviets finland ship later scrapped description feet long overall beam feet draft feet displaced long tons crew numbered officers enlisted men numbered officers crewmen ship fitted cylinder horizontal direct acting steam engine built drove single propeller steam provided rectangular boilers specific information output ship engine survived ranged indicated horsepower ships class sea trials july reached maximum speed knots mph ship carried maximum long tons coal gave theoretical endurance nmi knots mph designed armed pair inch muzzle loading guns purchased krupp germany rifled russia project seriously delayed ship completed inch lacked penetration power necessary deal ironclads replaced license built inch muzzle loading guns guns replaced originally intended inch rifled guns wrought iron armor class monitors inch plates class ships ship entirely covered layers armor plates plates extended inches waterline armor backed wooden beam maximum thickness inches gun turret protected layers armor conning tower armor inches thick curved plates layers thick protected base funnel height feet deck unlike predecessors built deck armor save weight deck reinforced addition inch armor plates completion construction career construction began november belgian firm assembly saint_petersburg ship laid december launched entered service cost total double contract cost ship assigned baltic fleet completion sister ships port visit stockholm sweden july august command general admiral grand duke completed armored ring inches thick inches tall fitted base turret prevent splinters later armored outward curving fitted turret protect crewmen later added probably 1870s upper portion turret gun ports turret mounted light gun probably inch gun defense torpedo boats fourth gun mounted platform aft funnel hurricane deck built funnel turret probably 1870s little known ship career laid winter reclassified coast defense ironclad february turned port disposal july stricken august ship converted coal barge removal turret armor wooden backing division hull holds redesignated ship abandoned soviets forced withdraw finland april according terms treaty brest later scrapped | Russian monitor Koldun | Warfare | Warships and naval units | Warships of Russia |
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