Datasets:

youssefbelghmi
/

MNLP_M3_mcqa_dataset

dataset stringclasses 6 values	id stringlengths 12 16	question stringlengths 4 758	choices sequencelengths 4 4	answer stringclasses 4 values	support stringlengths 0 7.76k ⌀
sciq	sciq_01_02413	Upon entering the vestibular canal, the pressure waves push down on what duct?	[ "the bile", "the regrowth", "the implant", "the cochlear" ]	D
sciq	sciq_01_00376	How many types of bosons are there?	[ "three", "four", "five", "one" ]	B	There are four known types of bosons, which are force-carrying particles. Each of these bosons carries a different fundamental force between interacting particles. In addition, there is a particle which may exist, called the "Higgs Boson", which gives objects the masses they have. Some types of bosons have mass; others are massless. Bosons have an electric charge of +1, -1, or 0.
sciq	sciq_01_06676	What is the term for a substance that causes the speed of a reaction to increase?	[ "indicate", "catalyst", "component", "monite" ]	B	A catalyst is a substance that increases the speed of a reaction. Overall, a catalyst is not a reactant and is not used up, but it still affects how fast a reaction proceeds. However, a catalyst does not affect the extent or position of a reaction at equilibrium. It helps a reaction achieve equilibrium faster.
openbookqa	obqa_02_04106	Wind can	[ "feel emotions like love", "turn a statue to dust", "raise a family of four", "have a baby child" ]	B	wind carries sand from one place to another place
openbookqa	obqa_02_02353	Instinctive behavior may be viewed when observing	[ "freshly hatched turtles seeking water", "birds being trained to play games", "cats being fed salami", "dogs riding in cars" ]	A	An example of an instinctive behavior is a baby bird pecking at its shell to hatch
medmcqa	medmcqa_05_04407	A child presents with perioral rash and pigmentation of palmar area. What is the cause?	[ "Selenium deficiency", "Manganese deficiency", "Copper deficiency", "Zinc deficiency" ]	D	Option A: Selenium deficiency shows cardiomyopathy. Option B: Manganese deficiency presents with hypercholesterolemia and weight loss. Option C: Copper deficiency leads to neurological manifestations.
medmcqa	medmcqa_05_01424	Which of the following fluorinated anaesthetics corrodes metal in vaporizers and breathing systems ?	[ "Sevoflurane", "Enflurane", "Isoflurane", "Halothane" ]	D	In the presence of moisture halothane attacks metals (tin, brass and aluminum) in vaporisers and circuits.
sciq	sciq_01_10990	What type of particles can a beta particle be?	[ "electron or positron", "diode or positron", "anode or positron", "cytoplasm or positron" ]	A
medmcqa	medmcqa_05_01110	Person is not able look down. Which extra ocular muscle is affected:	[ "Superior oblique", "Inferior oblique", "Superior rectus", "Lateral rectus" ]	A	Ans. (a) Superior obliqueRef: A.K. Khurana 6th ed. / 337-39* The function of superior oblique is quite contrary to its name. Its action is depression of eyeball, which helps to see down.* Its yoke muscle is inferior rectus, which also has the similar function as superior oblique.* There are 9 Gaze:# Primary : Straight# Secondary: Up, down, left, right# Tertiary: Up left, Up, right, Down left, Down right* ACTIONS OF EOMMuscleFunction PrimarySecondaryTertiaryLateral rectusAbduction--Medial RectusAdduction--Inferior RectusDepressionExtortionAdductionSuperior rectusElevationIntortionAdductionInferior ObliqueExtortionElevationAbductionSuperior obliqueIntortionDepressionAbduction* Mnemonics: SinRad (all superior muscles causes Intortion; all rectus muscles causes Adduction EXCEPT Lateral rectus)
medmcqa	medmcqa_05_01239	A 22 year old female was brought to OPD with loss of speech from 2 days after her husband has slapped her. On examination cough reflex and laryngeal reflex were normal. The most probable diagnosis:	[ "Somatization disorder", "Conversion disorder", "Dissociative fugue", "Depersonalization" ]	B	Conversion disorder is characterized by symptoms produced due to unconscious conflicts in the mind, that arise after a stressful event.
medmcqa	medmcqa_05_02706	A patient comes in complaining that she cannot flex her hand at the joint marked by a black arrow in the diagram. Which of the following muscles appear(s) to be paralyzed on fuher examination of her finger?	[ "Palmar interossei", "Dorsal interossei", "Flexor digitorum profundus", "Flexor digitorum superficialis" ]	D	The flexor digitorum superficialis muscle flexes the proximal interphalangeal joints. The flexor digitorum profundus muscle flexes the Distal interphalangeal joints (DIP joints) The palmar and dorsal interossei and lumbricals can flex metacarpophalangeal joints and extend the interphalangeal joints. The palmar interossei adduct the fingers(PAD) The dorsal interossei abduct the fingers.(DAB)
math_qa	mathqa_03_01418	wink , inc . follows a certain procedure that requires two tasks to be finished independently in order for a job to be done . on any given day , there is a 2 / 3 probability that task 1 will be completed on time , and a 3 / 5 probability that task 2 will be completed on time . on a certain day , what is the probability that task 1 will be completed on time , but task 2 will not ?	[ "4 / 15", "3 / 40", "13 / 40", "7 / 20" ]	A	"p ( 1 and not 2 ) = 2 / 3 * ( 1 - 3 / 5 ) = 4 / 15 . answer : a ."
medmcqa	medmcqa_05_04990	Vitamin B is absorbed from which pa of intestine	[ "Jejunum", "Ileum", "Duodenum", "Caecum" ]	B	Vitamin B12 is predominantly absorbed from ileum Ref: guyton and hall textbook of medical physiology 12 edition
sciq	sciq_01_09813	Similarity that results from common ancestry is known as what?	[ "homology", "affinity", "heterogeny", "duality" ]	A
sciq	sciq_01_02023	Mars appears red because of large amounts of which element in the soil?	[ "iron", "mercury", "carbon", "coal" ]	A	Viewed from Earth, Mars is red. This is due to large amounts of iron in the soil. The ancient Greeks and Romans named the planet Mars after the god of war because the planet's red color reminded them of blood. Mars has only a very thin atmosphere made up mostly of carbon dioxide.
sciq	sciq_01_08017	What term is used to describe animals with three germ layers?	[ "triplegerm", "sporozoans", "triploblasts", "multilayer" ]	C	Watch this video (http://openstaxcollege. org/l/symmetry2) to see a quick sketch of the different types of body symmetry. Layers of Tissues Most animal species undergo a layering of early tissues during embryonic development. These layers are called germ layers. Each layer develops into a specific set of tissues and organs. Animals develop either two or three embryonic germs layers (Figure 15.5). The animals that display radial symmetry develop two germ layers, an inner layer (endoderm) and an outer layer (ectoderm). These animals are called diploblasts. Animals with bilateral symmetry develop three germ layers: an inner layer (endoderm), an outer layer (ectoderm), and a middle layer (mesoderm). Animals with three germ layers are called triploblasts.
openbookqa	obqa_02_04761	If something has a membrane within another thing, it is likely	[ "a marker", "a dark hole", "a house", "able to cry" ]	D	the cell membrane provides support for a cell
math_qa	mathqa_03_03370	two employees x and y are paid a total of rs . 638 per week by their employer . if x is paid 120 percent of the sum paid to y , how much is y paid per week ?	[ "s . 250", "s . 280", "s . 290", "s . 299" ]	C	"let the amount paid to x per week = x and the amount paid to y per week = y then x + y = 638 but x = 120 % of y = 120 y / 100 = 12 y / 10 ∴ 12 y / 10 + y = 638 ⇒ y [ 12 / 10 + 1 ] = 638 ⇒ 22 y / 10 = 638 ⇒ 22 y = 6380 ⇒ y = 6380 / 22 = 580 / 2 = rs . 290 c"
sciq	sciq_01_10095	The pull of gravity is expressed as a force of what?	[ "pascal", "volt", "joule", "newtons" ]	D	One force acting on you—and all the other objects on Earth—is gravity. Look at the physics book in the Figure below . Gravity pulls the book downward with a force of 20 Newtons. Why doesn’t the book fall to the ground? The table pushes upward on the book with the same amount of force. The combined force, or net force , acting on the book is 0 Newtons. That’s because upward and downward forces are balanced, so they cancel out. You can learn more about net force at this URL:.
sciq	sciq_01_06648	What has a bigger impact on water quality, natural events or human activity?	[ "human activity", "all of the above", "natural events", "water quality" ]	A	Natural events, like storms, volcanic eruptions and earthquakes can cause major changes in water quality. But human-caused contaminants have a much greater impact on the quality of the water supply. Water is considered polluted either when it does not support a human use, like clean drinking water, or a use for other animals and plants. The overgrowth of algae, known as an algal bloom , can result from the runoff of fertilizer into bodies of water. This excess of nutrients allows the algae to grow beyond control, bring harm to the rest of the ecosystem.
sciq	sciq_01_09047	With an increased understanding of gene regulation and gene function, medicines can be designed to specifically target diseased cells without harming these?	[ "pathogens", "stem cells", "healthy cells", "hosts" ]	C	New Drugs to Combat Cancer: Targeted Therapies Scientists are using what is known about the regulation of gene expression in disease states, including cancer, to develop new ways to treat and prevent disease development. Many scientists are designing drugs on the basis of the gene expression patterns within individual tumors. This idea, that therapy and medicines can be tailored to an individual, has given rise to the field of personalized medicine. With an increased understanding of gene regulation and gene function, medicines can be designed to specifically target diseased cells without harming healthy cells. Some new medicines, called targeted therapies, have exploited the overexpression of a specific protein or the mutation of a gene to develop a new medication to treat disease. One such example is the use of anti-EGF receptor medications to treat the subset of breast cancer tumors that have very high levels of the EGF protein. Undoubtedly, more targeted therapies will be developed as scientists learn more about how gene expression changes can cause cancer.
sciq	sciq_01_09281	If something is in the state of matter where it has both a definite shape and volume, then what state of matter is it in?	[ "plasma", "liquid", "gas", "solid" ]	D
sciq	sciq_01_02859	What can destroy living cells, produce mutations and cause cancer?	[ "gamma rays", "plasma rays", "stingrays", "prismatic rays" ]	A	Gamma rays can destroy living cells, produce mutations, and cause cancer. They can be used to treat cancer by focusing the deadly rays on cancer cells.
ARC-Challenge	arc_04_03101	Scientists found a fossil of an elephant in the African savanna. It has much longer tusks and is much larger than elephant species presently inhabiting the area. This elephant fossil most likely reveals	[ "the diet of early elephants.", "that elephants travel in herds.", "the function of the trunk of the elephant.", "that physical changes occurred in elephants over time." ]	D	null
sciq	sciq_01_05341	The pituitary gland is called the “master gland” of what system?	[ "digestive", "nervous", "hormonal", "endocrine" ]	D	The pea-sized pituitary gland is just below the hypothalamus and attached directly to it. The pituitary receives hormones from the hypothalamus. It also secretes its own hormones. Most pituitary hormones control other endocrine glands. That’s why the pituitary gland is called the “master gland” of the endocrine system. Table below lists several pituitary hormones and what they do.
openbookqa	obqa_02_00236	Blood absorbs oxygen in the	[ "both lower limbs of the body", "organs that develop during childhood", "nasal bones projecting above the mouth", "inner canals of the ear" ]	B	blood absorbs oxygen in the lungs
sciq	sciq_01_02876	What is the term for when the phenotype of offspring is partly determined by the phenotype of its mother, irrespective of genotype?	[ "maternal effect", "congenital effect", "oceanic effect", "uterine effect" ]	A	Gap genes themselves are under the effect of maternal effect genes, such as bicoid and nanos. Gap genes also regulate each other to achieve their precise striped expression patterns. The maternal effect is when the phenotype of offspring is partly determined by the phenotype of its mother, irrespective of genotype. This often occurs when the mother supplies mRNA or proteins to the egg, affecting early development. In developing Drosophila, maternal effects include axis determination.
medmcqa	medmcqa_05_01593	Which drug among the following does not inhibit platelet aggregation?	[ "Aspirin", "Celecoxib", "Ibuprofen", "Clopidogrel" ]	B	The selective COX-2 inhibitor (celecoxib) act primarily by inhibiting the cyclooxygenase enzymes that catalyze the first step in prostanoid biosynthesis. This leads to decreased prostaglandin synthesis with both beneficial and unwanted effects. Reference: Lippincott Illustrated Reviews: Pharmacology Wolters Kluwer Sixth Edition page no 451;
ARC-Easy	arc_04_01940	Which process has most likely occurred when new traits appear in a species?	[ "selective breeding", "genetic mutation", "crossbreeding", "cloning" ]	B	null
sciq	sciq_01_06230	What type of compound contains atoms of two or more different elements in its ring structure?	[ "heterocyclic", "polymer", "aldehyde", "hydrocarbon" ]	A	In some amines, the nitrogen atom replaces a carbon atom in an aromatic hydrocarbon. Pyridine (Figure 20.17) is one such heterocyclic amine. A heterocyclic compound contains atoms of two or more different elements in its ring structure.
openbookqa	obqa_02_03903	as a source of light becomes closer , that source will appear	[ "heavily luminous", "sweeter", "darker", "louder" ]	A	as a source of light becomes closer , that source will appear brighter
openbookqa	obqa_02_01427	When certain things are shoved together enough, the earth will tremble and shake because of these	[ "trail and error", "water road", "dirt collisions", "wet trail" ]	C	tectonic plates being pushed together causes earthquakes
sciq	sciq_01_01097	Superconductors are materials with a resistivity of?	[ "zero", "above zero", "greater density", "high magnitude" ]	A	34.6 High-temperature Superconductors Superconductors are materials with a resistivity of zero. They are familiar to the general public because of their practical applications and have been mentioned at a number of points in the text. Because the resistance of a piece of superconductor is zero, there are no heat losses for currents through them; they are used in magnets needing high currents, such as in MRI machines, and could cut energy losses in power transmission. But most superconductors must be cooled to temperatures only a few kelvin above absolute zero, a costly procedure limiting their practical applications. In the past decade, tremendous advances have been made in producing materials that become superconductors at relatively high temperatures. There is hope that room temperature superconductors may someday be manufactured.
ARC-Easy	arc_04_01115	Students are investigating which type of fruit attracts the most fruit flies. Equally sized pieces of ripe apple, peach, and banana are placed in separate containers. The containers allow fruit flies to enter, but the fruit flies are unable to escape. The containers are placed outside on a picnic table for two days. The most reliable method for collecting data is to count the number of fruit flies	[ "on all three types of fruit every two hours", "on all three types of fruit after each fruit spoils", "on the banana on Day 1, the apple on Day 2, and the peach on Day 3", "on the banana after Hour 1, the apple after Hour 2, and the peach after Hour 3" ]	A	null
openbookqa	obqa_02_03087	The reason you tend to think of the color white when you think of environments where its constantly freezing, is because those place get tons of	[ "Chipmunks", "droughts", "snowfall", "monkeys" ]	C	cold environments are usually white in color from being covered in snow
math_qa	mathqa_03_01872	lionel left his house and walked towards walt ' s house , 48 miles away . four hours later , walt left his house and ran towards lionel ' s house . if lionel ' s speed was 2 miles per hour and walt ' s 6 miles per hour , how many miles had lionel walked when he met walt ?	[ "12", "18", "20", "24" ]	B	"in the first 4 hours lionel at the rate of 2 miles per hour covered distance = rate * time = 4 * 2 = 8 miles . so , the distance between him and walt was 48 - 8 = 40 miles when walt left his house . now , their combined rate to cover this distance was 2 + 6 = 8 miles per hour , hence they will meet ( they will cover that distance ) in time = distance / rate = 40 / 8 = 5 hours . total time that lionel was walking is 4 + 5 = 9 hours , which means that he covered in that time interval distance = rate * time = 2 * 9 = 18 miles . answer : b ."
ARC-Easy	arc_04_00536	Which of these living things in a grassland ecosystem depend on the presence of a variety of bacteria and other microorganisms in the soil?	[ "worms only", "green plants only", "plants and animals only", "all the organisms in the ecosystem" ]	D	null
openbookqa	obqa_02_02010	A cat is shown that food is placed on a high surface. The cat needs to eat the food to live, so the cat	[ "learns to wear clothes", "learns to eat bees", "learns to jump higher", "learns to cook food" ]	C	adaptation is when an organism develops a trait over time for survival
sciq	sciq_01_00989	A sticky, moist secretion that covers mucous membranes is called what?	[ "mucus", "sweat", "pus", "saliva" ]	A	One way mucous membranes protect the body is by producing mucus. Mucus is a sticky, moist secretion that covers mucous membranes. The mucus traps pathogens and particles so they can’t enter the body.
sciq	sciq_01_05735	Mammals are endothermic vertebrates that have four limbs and produce what type of eggs?	[ "umbilical", "amniotic", "epithelial", "gymnoic" ]	B	Mammals are endothermic vertebrates that have four limbs and produce amniotic eggs. Defining traits of mammals are fur or hair and mammary glands. Mammals are noted for the many different ways they can move and their specialized limbs.
medmcqa	medmcqa_05_04929	Danazol used in the treatment of endometriosis causes which of the following changes within the endometrium and endometriosis tissue?	[ "Aplasia", "Atrophy", "Hyperplasia", "Neoplasia" ]	B	Danazol Isoxazole derivative of 17 - alpha ethinyl testosterone propeies Causes atrophy of endometrium It is strictly antigonadotropin but acts as an androgen agonist Mode of action Acting on the hypothalamo - pituitary - gonadal axis - depression of frequency of GnRh pulses - suppression of pituitary FSH and LH surge. There is however no change in the basal gonadotropin level Indication of danazol Endometriosis DUB Symptomatic fibroid Precocious pubey
medmcqa	medmcqa_05_00470	Increased plasma concentration of calcium is associated with: March 2009	[ "Rickets", "Osteomalacia", "Primary hyperparathyroidism", "Pseudohypoparathyroidism" ]	C	Ans. C: Primary hyperparathyroidism The most common cause of high calcium levels (hypercalcemia) is an overproduction of parathyroid hormone, or hyperparathyroidism. Hyperparathyroidism tends to be more common in women, and occurs in 25 out of every 100,000 individuals. Hyperparathyroidism can be the result of all four parathyroid glands producing an excessive amount of parathyroid hyperplasia (PTH), or the result of just one gland specifically producing an excessive amount of PTH (usually the result of a parathyroid adenoma or benign tumor). Other conditions associated with hypercalcemia include: Cancers, paicularly multiple myeloma, breast cancer and lung cancer; Excessive levels of vitamin D from vitamins, excessive dietary calcium, or from diseases that may result in excess vitamin D production; Immobilization over a long period of time; Kidney failure; Overactive thyroid (hypehyroidism) or excessive thyroid hormone intake; and Use of ceain medications such as thiazide diuretics. Endocrine disorders like adrenal insufficiency, pheochromocytoma Calcitonin is a hypocalcemic hormone.
ARC-Easy	arc_04_02073	When a red bull (RR) is bred with a white cow (WW), a roan calf (RW) is sometimes produced. If a roan bull (RW) is bred with a roan cow (RW), what is the most likely outcome of the offspring?	[ "1 red, 1 white, and 2 roan", "0 red, 1 white, and 3 roan", "2 red, 2 white, and 0 roan", "0 red, 0 white, and 4 roan" ]	A	null
math_qa	mathqa_03_00445	a sun is divided among x , y and z in such a way that for each rupee x gets , y gets 45 paisa and z gets 30 paisa . if the share of y is rs . 36 , what is the total amount ?	[ "166", "140", "178", "177" ]	B	"x : y : z = 100 : 45 : 30 20 : 9 : 6 9 - - - 36 35 - - - ? = > 140 answer : b"
medmcqa	medmcqa_05_02699	Which of the following H2 blocker also have Anticholinesterase property	[ "Famotidine", "Nizatidine", "Cimetidine", "Loxatidine" ]	B	Niizatidine is a H2 blocker with additional anticholineterase activity. Therefore it enhances gastric emplying and also cause bradycardia.
sciq	sciq_01_01064	What do you call the physical environment in which a species lives and to which it is adapted?	[ "domain", "habitat", "environment", "ecosystem" ]	B	An ecosystem consists of all the biotic and abiotic factors in an area and their interactions. A niche refers to the role of a species in its ecosystem. A habitat is the physical environment in which a species lives and to which it is adapted. Two different species cannot occupy the same niche in the same place for very long.
sciq	sciq_01_02690	What form do alkali metals take at room temperature?	[ "gas", "compound", "solid", "liquid" ]	C	Alkali metals are all solids at room temperature.
ARC-Easy	arc_04_00252	What is the main reason we can see the Moon?	[ "The Moon reflects light from the Earth.", "The Moon reflects the light from the Sun.", "The Moon produces its own light.", "The Moon is larger than stars." ]	B	null
medmcqa	medmcqa_05_01936	Overcontoured tooth restoration is caused by:	[ "Underprepared tooth", "Overprepared tooth", "Oversized die", "Inadequate thickness of veneer" ]	A	Insuﬃcient axial reduction or under preparation of tooth leads to inevitable overcontoured restorations that hamper plaque control.
ARC-Easy	arc_04_01434	New carpet is being measured for a room that is 5.5 m by 4.6 m. On a measuring tape, what is the smallest unit that is necessary to measure the room accurately for the carpet?	[ "millimeters", "centimeters", "meters", "kilometers" ]	B	null
openbookqa	obqa_02_04013	An example of thermal energy is	[ "crying in a school bathroom", "trying to kiss someone", "typing on a computer", "Drying our clothes in the sun" ]	D	a thermal energy conductor transfers heat from hotter objects to cooler objects
openbookqa	obqa_02_03781	a scuba diver startles an octopus, and suddenly the water changed color, what happened?	[ "it died and released a color", "it was amused by the diver", "it was trying to hide from the diver", "it was thanking the diver" ]	C	ink is used for hiding from predators by octopuses
openbookqa	obqa_02_02214	Which of the following needs soil	[ "a planter", "a painted house", "a bamboo stalk", "an industrial plant" ]	C	a plant requires soil for to grow
sciq	sciq_01_01294	Yogurt is made from milk fermented with what type of organism?	[ "viruses", "bacteria", "yeast", "algae" ]	B	Mom the Barbarian. Yogurt is made from milk fermented with bacteria . CC BY 2.0.
medmcqa	medmcqa_05_03053	A resident at the emergency depament is preparing for a lumbar puncture in a 26 years old female with suspected subarachnoid bleeding. Although she presented with altered sensorium, CT brain was found to be normal. During LP, which structure is pierced after the spinal needle crosses interspinous ligament?	[ "Ligamentum flavum", "Arachnoid membrane", "Areolar tissue", "Subarachnoid space" ]	A	Skin \| Sub cutaneous fascia \| Supra/inter spinous ligament \| Ligamentum flava \| Dura mater \| Arachnoid mater \| Return of CSF
ARC-Challenge	arc_04_02984	Because water can hold a large amount of heat, which effect do oceans have on nearby land areas?	[ "They prevent rapid extreme temperature changes.", "They form high-pressure areas that cause magma currents.", "They provide the energy that triggers volcanic events.", "They lower the freezing point of fresh water." ]	A	null
medmcqa	medmcqa_05_03135	Taurine is made from ?	[ "Glycine", "Tyrosine", "Cysteine", "Phenylalanine" ]	C	Ans. is 'c' i.e., CysteineTaurine is synthesized from cysteine.
sciq	sciq_01_09548	The burning of charcoal is what type of reaction?	[ "physical", "combustion", "condensation", "evaporation" ]	B	Serge Melki (Flickr:Serge Melki). The burning of charcoal is a combustion reaction . CC BY 2.0.
medmcqa	medmcqa_05_00424	Which of the following immunoglobulins can cross placenta ?	[ "IgA", "IgM", "IgG", "IgD" ]	C	Ans is 'c' i.e., IgG IgG It is the major serum immunoglobulin (80%). It is distributed equally between the intravascular and extravascular compaments. It contains less carbohydrate than other immunoglobulins. It has maximum half life. It binds to micro-organisms and enhances their phagocytosis. Considered as general purpose antibody, protective against those infectious agents which are active in the blood and tissues. It is the predominant antibody in secondary antibody response. Four subclasses of IgG are there with IgG, is found in greatest amount and IgG4 in least amount. IgG, is directed against polysaccharide antigen so it is impoant in defence against encapsulated bacteria. IgG is the only maternal immunoglobulin, that is normally transpoed across the placenta and provides natural passive immunity in the newborn.
openbookqa	obqa_02_01971	A bass may make its home	[ "in a liquid", "in a field", "in a tree", "in a cage" ]	A	living things live in their habitat
openbookqa	obqa_02_03898	Which would you use to record a live basketball game	[ "a camera bag", "a GoPro", "a Nikon lens", "a camera flash" ]	B	a camera is used for recording images
medmcqa	medmcqa_05_00295	Early tonsillectomy is not done in	[ "Thyroid storm", "Suspected malignancy", "Peritonsillar abscess", "Rheumatic fever" ]	A	INDICATIONS They are divided into: A. ABSOLUTE 1. Recurrent infections of throat. This is the most common indication. Recurrent infections are fuher defined as: (a) Seven or more episodes in 1 year, or (b) Five episodes per year for 2 years, or (c) Three episodes per year for 3 years, or (d) Two weeks or more of lost school or work in 1 year. 2. Peritonsillar abscess. In children, tonsillectomy is done 4-6 weeks after abscess has been treated. In adults, second attack of peritonsillar abscess forms the absolute indication. 3. Tonsillitis. It causes febrile seizures. 4. Hyperophy of tonsils. It causes: (a) airway obstruction (sleep apnoea), (b) difficulty in deglutition and (c) interference with speech. 5. Suspicion of malignancy. A unilaterally enlarged tonsil may be a lymphoma in children and an epidermoid carcinoma in adults. An excisional biopsy is done. B. RELATIVE 1. Diphtheria carriers, who do not respond to antibiotics. 2. Streptococcal carriers, who may be the source of infection to others. 3. Chronic tonsillitis with bad taste or halitosis which is unresponsive to medical treatment. 4. Recurrent streptococcal tonsillitis in a patient with valvular hea disease. Ref: Dhingra 7e pg 487.
medmcqa	medmcqa_05_04678	Adequate steroidogenesis in corpus luteum depends on serum levels of	[ "GnRH", "FSH", "LH", "Oestrogen" ]	C	LH levels in serum, determine adequate steroidogenesis in corpus Luteum.
ARC-Challenge	arc_04_03228	Miguel was conducting an experiment. He wrote the following sentences in his notebook: The starting temperature of the water was 10 degrees Celsius. An object weighing 5 grams was placed in the water. The temperature of the water increased to 15 degrees. The object must have been hotter than 10 degrees. In which sentence did Miguel make an inference?	[ "sentence 1", "sentence 2", "sentence 3", "sentence 4" ]	D	null
medmcqa	medmcqa_05_00249	Which of the following layers are cut during fasciotomy?	[ "Skin", "Skin + subcutaneous fascia", "Skin + subcutaneous tissue + superficial fascia", "Skin + subcutaneous tissue + superficial fascia + deep fascia" ]	D	- In the above image fasciotomy is being performed for the lower leg - All the following structure have been incised in fasciotomy: 1. Skin 2. Subcutaneous fat 3. Supra facial fascia 4. Deep fascia - Notice the bulged muscles Fasciotomy is done in: Compament syndrome (Pressure > 30 mmHg) Q
openbookqa	obqa_02_00522	How many times per 365.3 days does an equinox occur?	[ "3", "1", "2", "4" ]	C	an equinox occurs twice per year
openbookqa	obqa_02_01574	A goat in a lush field of dense vegetation will be bestowed	[ "four lucky hooves", "poor growth", "a tin can", "a shiny coat" ]	D	an animal being born when food is available has a positive impact on that animal 's health
sciq	sciq_01_11108	Which is the fourth planet from the sun?	[ "jupiter", "mars", "mars", "earth" ]	B	Mars is the fourth planet from the Sun. The Red Planet is the first planet beyond Earth’s orbit.
sciq	sciq_01_11010	When the ventricles begin to contract, pressure within the ventricles rises and blood flows toward the area of lowest pressure, which is initially in the atria. this backflow causes the cusps of the tricuspid and mitral (bicuspid) valves to close. these valves are tied down to the papillary muscles by these?	[ "chollphyide tendineae", "photoreactive tendineae", "choanocyte tendineae", "chordae tendineae" ]	D	When the ventricles begin to contract, pressure within the ventricles rises and blood flows toward the area of lowest pressure, which is initially in the atria. This backflow causes the cusps of the tricuspid and mitral (bicuspid) valves to close. These valves are tied down to the papillary muscles by chordae tendineae. During the relaxation phase of the cardiac cycle, the papillary muscles are also relaxed and the tension on the chordae tendineae is slight (see Figure 19.13b). However, as the myocardium of the ventricle contracts, so do the papillary muscles. This creates tension on the chordae tendineae (see Figure 19.14b), helping to hold the cusps of the atrioventricular valves in place and preventing them from being blown back into the atria. The aortic and pulmonary semilunar valves lack the chordae tendineae and papillary muscles associated with the atrioventricular valves. Instead, they consist of pocket-like folds of endocardium reinforced with additional connective tissue. When the ventricles relax and the change in pressure forces the blood toward the ventricles, the blood presses against these cusps and seals the openings.
sciq	sciq_01_09975	What begins when a neuron receives a chemical stimulus?	[ "nerve reaction", "a induce impulse", "a nerve impulse", "a metabolism impulse" ]	C	A nerve impulse begins when a neuron receives a chemical stimulus. The impulse travels down the axon membrane as an electrical action potential to the axon terminal. The axon terminal releases neurotransmitters that carry the nerve impulse to the next cell.
math_qa	mathqa_03_04451	a small company is planning to rent either computer a or computer b to print customer mailing lists . both computer a and computer b must be rented on an hourly basis . the rental fee is based only on the amount of time the computer is turned on . it will cost 40 percent more per hour to rent computer a than to rent computer b . computer b would , however , require 20 hours more than computer a to do the job . if either computer a , or computer b were rented the total cost to rent the computer would be $ 650.00 . what would be the approximate hourly charge to rent computer b ?	[ "$ 9.28", "$ 11.30", "$ 13.20", "$ 17.80" ]	A	"pa = price of a pb = price of b ta = time for a to complete the job tb = time for b to complete the job given pa = 1.4 pb ta + 20 = tb pa * ta = pb * tb = 650 1.4 pb * ( tb - 20 ) = pb * tb 1.4 pb tb - pb tb = 1.4 pb * 20 0.4 pbtb = 28 pb tb = 28 / 0.4 = 70 pb = 650 / 70 ~ 9.28 a"
openbookqa	obqa_02_00578	Clouds are made up of moisture particles that are held in the sky until	[ "weight works against it", "the storm starts to approach", "the weather starts to change", "winter arrives sooner than later" ]	A	clouds produce rain
sciq	sciq_01_00810	What is another word for saturated hydrocarbons?	[ "catalysts", "aldehydes", "alkanes", "enzymes" ]	C	Saturated hydrocarbons contain only single bonds between carbon atoms. They are also called alkanes. They may form straight-chain, branched-chain, or cyclic molecules. Compounds with the same number of atoms but different shapes are called isomers.
ARC-Easy	arc_04_00818	Sophie investigates the water supply at her school and the things that affect it. Which action is a direct observation?	[ "tasting water from a water fountain", "reading water test results", "studying the rules for purifying water", "investigating causes of water pollution" ]	A	null
ARC-Challenge	arc_04_02159	Laura adds 50 mL of boiling water to 100 mL of ice water. If the 150 mL of water is then put into a freezer, at what temperature will the water freeze?	[ "0°C", "15°C", "37°C", "50°C" ]	A	null
sciq	sciq_01_10943	Shortening of muscle fibers is called what?`	[ "shrinking", "diffusion", "contraction", "diffusion" ]	C	Each muscle in the body is made up of cells called muscle fibers. Muscle fibers are long, thin cells that can do something that other cells cannot do—they are able to get shorter. Shortening of muscle fibers is called contraction . Muscle fibers can contract because they are made of proteins, called actin and myosin, that form long filaments (or fibers). When muscles contract, these protein filaments slide or glide past one another, shortening the length of the cell. When your muscles relax, the length extends back to the previous position. Nearly all movement in the body is the result of muscle contraction.
ARC-Easy	arc_04_00084	Which concept supports the endosymbiotic origin of complex, eukaryotic double-membrane structures?	[ "Mitochondria and chloroplasts arise from preexisting mitochondria and chloroplasts.", "Mitochondria and chloroplasts arise from preexisting endomembrane systems.", "Mitochondria and chloroplasts are synthesized in the nucleus.", "Mitochondria and chloroplasts are synthesized in ribosomes." ]	A	null
sciq	sciq_01_09755	Hierarchical classification can reflect the branching patterns of phylogenetic?	[ "trees", "fruits", "animals", "birds" ]	A
sciq	sciq_01_04850	What are drumlins, eskers, and kettle lakes formed by?	[ "glaciers", "tsunamis", "meteors", "earthquakes" ]	A	Drumlins, eskers, and kettle lakes are features made of glacial till.
openbookqa	obqa_02_00627	Scrubbing a toilet is	[ "predestined", "innate", "genetic", "learned" ]	D	doing chores is a learned characteristic
math_qa	mathqa_03_03553	a can complete the job in 3 hours and b can complete the same job in 3 hours . a works for 1 hour and then b joins and both complete the job . what fraction of the job did b complete	[ "1 / 6", "3 / 10", "1 / 2", "5 / 6" ]	A	1 / 6 = a
math_qa	mathqa_03_04206	a certain ball team has an equal number of right - and left - handed players . on a certain day , two - thirds of the players were absent from practice . of the players at practice that day , two - third were left handed . what is the ratio of the number of right - handed players who were not at practice that day to the number of lefthanded players who were not at practice ?	[ "1 / 3", "2 / 3", "5 / 7", "7 / 5" ]	D	say the total number of players is 18 , 9 right - handed and 9 left - handed . on a certain day , two - thirds of the players were absent from practice - - > 12 absent and 6 present . of the players at practice that day , one - third were left - handed - - > 6 * 2 / 3 = 4 were left - handed and 2 right - handed . the number of right - handed players who were not at practice that day is 9 - 2 = 7 . the number of left - handed players who were not at practice that days is 9 - 4 = 5 . the ratio = 7 / 5 . answer : d
math_qa	mathqa_03_01849	the first year , two cows produced 8100 litres of milk . the second year their production increased by 15 % and 10 % respectively , and the total amount of milk increased to 9100 litres a year . how many litres were milked from each cow each year ?	[ "3472", "8222", "4370", "26777" ]	C	let x be the amount of milk the first cow produced during the first year . then the second cow produced ( 8100 − x ) ( 8100 − x ) litres of milk that year . the second year , each cow produced the same amount of milk as they did the first year plus the increase of 15 % 15 % or 10 % 10 % . so 8100 + 15100 ⋅ x + 10100 ⋅ ( 8100 − x ) = 91008100 + 15100 ⋅ x + 10100 ⋅ ( 8100 − x ) = 9100 therefore 8100 + 320 x + 110 ( 8100 − x ) = 91008100 + 320 x + 110 ( 8100 − x ) = 9100 120 x = 190120 x = 190 x = 3800 x = 3800 therefore , the cows produced 3800 and 4300 litres of milk the first year , and 4370 and 4730 litres of milk the second year , respectively . answer : c
openbookqa	obqa_02_01210	A good reason for humans to feel little fear for wild wolves is that	[ "wolves are human", "wolves elude humanity", "wolves eat corn", "wolves are domesticated" ]	B	animals usually distance themselves from humans
sciq	sciq_01_01456	A microscope can be made from two of what kind of lenses?	[ "convex", "angular", "outer", "inner" ]	A	26.4 Microscopes Although the eye is marvelous in its ability to see objects large and small, it obviously has limitations to the smallest details it can detect. Human desire to see beyond what is possible with the naked eye led to the use of optical instruments. In this section we will examine microscopes, instruments for enlarging the detail that we cannot see with the unaided eye. The microscope is a multiple-element system having more than a single lens or mirror. (See Figure 26.15) A microscope can be made from two convex lenses. The image formed by the first element becomes the object for the second element. The second element forms its own image, which is the object for the third element, and so on. Ray tracing helps to visualize the image formed. If the device is composed of thin lenses and mirrors that obey the thin lens equations, then it is not difficult to describe their behavior numerically.
medmcqa	medmcqa_05_04037	A 52-year-old man presents with sudden crushing chest pain and tachycardia. He admits to cigarette smoking, consumption of alcohol, and abuse of illicit drugs. An ECG is consistent with ischemic change in the anteroseptal region of the heart. Laboratory studies show elevated serum levels of CK-MB and troponin I. Serum cholesterol is 240 mg/dL. Which of the following most likely contributed to this patient's condition?	[ "Alcohol consumption", "Cigarette smoking", "Heroin addiction", "Inadequate calcium intake" ]	B	Cigarette smoking is recognized as a major independent risk factor for myocardial infarction and acts synergistically with other risk factors such as high blood pressure and elevated blood cholesterol levels. It not only serves to precipitate initial myocardial infarction but also increases the risk for second heart attacks and diminishes survival after a heart attack among those who continue to smoke. Smoking also increases the incidence of sudden cardiac death, possibly by exacerbating regional ischemia. Atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries and the aorta is more severe and extensive among cigarette smokers than among nonsmokers, and the effect is dose related. Chronic alcohol consumption (choice A) actually protects against coronary artery disease, although dilated cardiomyopathy may develop. The other choices are not related to heart disease.Diagnosis: Myocardial infarction
ARC-Easy	arc_04_01369	What is the basic unit of life?	[ "atom", "cell", "element", "nucleus" ]	B	null
math_qa	mathqa_03_04117	a man swims downstream 18 km and upstream 12 km taking 3 hours each time , what is the speed of the man in still water ?	[ "3", "5", "6", "4" ]	B	"18 - - - 3 ds = 6 ? - - - - 1 12 - - - - 3 us = 4 ? - - - - 1 m = ? m = ( 6 + 4 ) / 2 = 5 answer : b"
sciq	sciq_01_09759	What type of gases are used for balloons, light bulbs and lighted signs?	[ "ignoble", "helium", "noble", "heavy" ]	C	Noble gases are used for balloons, light bulbs, and lighted signs.
sciq	sciq_01_05554	Collisions between hydrogen atoms demonstrate one form of what?	[ "nuclear fusion", "destructive fusion", "nuclear reaction", "nuclear radiation" ]	A	Collisions between hydrogen atoms demonstrate one form of nuclear fusion.
sciq	sciq_01_07294	During what time period did poor air quality become a problem?	[ "industrial revolution", "coal industry boom", "Chernobyl disaster", "second world war" ]	A	Poor air quality started to become a serious problem after the Industrial Revolution. The machines in factories burned coal. This released a lot of pollutants into the air. After 1900, motor vehicles became common. Cars and trucks burn gasoline, which adds greatly to air pollution.
sciq	sciq_01_08254	What do scientists use to search other planets suitable for living?	[ "lasers", "microscopes", "optics", "telescopes" ]	D	Scientists are using telescopes to search for other planets that may have conditions favorable for life. The places they can look are near our solar system in our galaxy.
sciq	sciq_01_10903	Hyenas and cockroaches are examples of what decomposers that consume the soft tissues of dead animals?	[ "parasites", "predators", "scavengers", "foragers" ]	C	Scavengers are decomposers that consume the soft tissues of dead animals. Examples of scavengers include hyenas and cockroaches.
openbookqa	obqa_02_00656	Flashlights run on batteries in order to light up. Those use chemical energy, light uses	[ "mechanical energy", "Light energy", "Hyper energy", "solar energy" ]	B	a flashlight converts chemical energy into light energy
sciq	sciq_01_03382	What is the first stage of cellular respiration?	[ "Krebs cycle", "decarboxylation", "glycolysis", "gluconeogenesis" ]	C	The first stage of cellular respiration is glycolysis. It does not require oxygen.
sciq	sciq_01_10749	The lungs, kidneys, skin, and large intestine are all part of what organ system?	[ "sensory", "excretory", "digestive", "respiratory" ]	B	Organs of the excretory system include the kidneys, large intestine, skin, and lungs.
sciq	sciq_01_03100	What are the two basic parts that all flowering plants have in common?	[ "leaf and petiole", "blade and petiole", "stalk and petiole", "metal and petiole" ]	B	Flowering vascular plants also have diverse leaves. However, the leaves of all flowering plants have two basic parts in common: the blade and petiole. The blade of the leaf is the relatively wide, flat part of the leaf that gathers sunlight and undergoes photosynthesis. The petiole is the part that attaches the leaf to a stem of the plant. This occurs at a node.
ARC-Easy	arc_04_01530	Kim lost her hammer outside. When she found it a few months later, some parts of the metal were covered with flaky, brown rust. Which type of change occurred when rust formed on the hammer?	[ "chemical", "electrical", "thermal", "physical" ]	A	null
medmcqa	medmcqa_05_04404	Most common presentation of intracranial aneurysm is -	[ "Coarctation of aoa", "Systemic hypeension", "Hypotension", "Intracranial haemorrhage" ]	D	Most unruptured intracranial aneurysms are completely asymptomatic. Symptoms are usually due to rupture and resultant sub-archnoid hemorrhage." - Harrison Ref : Harrison 17/e p1727
sciq	sciq_01_04929	While enzymatic hydrolysis proceeds, peristalsis moves the mixture of chyme and digestive juices along what?	[ "esophagus", "large intestine", "stomach", "small intestine" ]	D

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MNLP M3 MCQA Dataset

The MNLP M3 MCQA Dataset is a carefully curated collection of Multiple-Choice Question Answering (MCQA) examples, unified from several academic and benchmark datasets.

Developed as part of the CS-552: Modern NLP course at EPFL (Spring 2025), this dataset is designed for training and evaluating models on multiple-choice QA tasks, particularly in the STEM and general knowledge domains.

Key Features

~30,000 MCQA questions
6 diverse sources: SciQ, OpenBookQA, MathQA, ARC-Easy, ARC-Challenge, and MedMCQA
Each question has exactly 4 options (A–D) and one correct answer
Covers a wide range of topics: science, technology, engineering, mathematics, and general knowledge

Dataset Structure

Each example is a dictionary with the following fields:

Field	Type	Description
`dataset`	`string`	Source dataset (`sciq`, `openbookqa`, etc.)
`id`	`string`	Unique identifier for the question
`question`	`string`	The question text
`choices`	`list`	List of 4 answer options (corresponding to A–D)
`answer`	`string`	The correct option, as a letter: `"A"`, `"B"`, `"C"`, or `"D"`
`support`	`string`	A brief explanation or fact supporting the correct answer when available

Example:
```json
{
  "dataset": "sciq",
  "id": "sciq_01_00042",
  "question": "What does a seismograph measure?",
  "choices": ["Earthquakes", "Rainfall", "Sunlight", "Temperature"],
  "answer": "A",
  "support": "A seismograph is an instrument that detects and records earthquakes."
}

Source Datasets

This dataset combines multiple high-quality MCQA sources to support research and fine-tuning in STEM education and reasoning. The full corpus contains 29,870 multiple-choice questions from the following sources:

Source (Hugging Face)	Name	Size	Description & Role in the Dataset
`allenai/sciq`	SciQ	11,679	Science questions (Physics, Chemistry, Biology, Earth science). Crowdsourced with 4 answer choices and optional supporting evidence. Used to provide well-balanced, factual STEM questions at a middle/high-school level.
`allenai/openbookqa`	OpenBookQA	4,957	Science exam-style questions requiring multi-step reasoning and use of commonsense or external knowledge. Contributes more challenging and inference-based questions.
`allenai/math_qa`	MathQA	5,000	Subsample of quantitative math word problems derived from AQuA-RAT, annotated with structured answer options. Introduces numerical reasoning and problem-solving components into the dataset.
`allenai/ai2_arc` (config: `ARC-Easy`)	ARC-Easy	2,140	Science questions at the middle school level. Useful for testing basic STEM understanding and factual recall. Filtered to retain only valid 4-choice entries.
`allenai/ai2_arc` (config: `ARC-Challenge`)	ARC-Challenge	1,094	More difficult science questions requiring reasoning and inference. Widely used as a benchmark for evaluating LLMs. Also filtered for clean MCQA format compatibility.
`openlifescienceai/medmcqa`	MedMCQA	5,000	A subsample of multiple-choice questions on medical topics from various exams, filtered for a single-choice format. Contains real-world and domain-specific clinical reasoning questions covering various medical disciplines.

Intended Applications and Structure

This dataset is split into three parts:

train (~70%) — for training MCQA models
validation (~15%) — for tuning and monitoring performance during training
test (~15%) — for final evaluation on unseen questions

It is suitable for multiple-choice question answering tasks, especially in the STEM domain (Science, Technology, Engineering, Mathematics).

Author

This dataset was created and published by Youssef Belghmi as part of the CS-552: Modern NLP course at EPFL (Spring 2025).

Downloads last month: 21

Size of downloaded dataset files:

8.99 MB

Size of the auto-converted Parquet files:

8.99 MB

Number of rows:

29,870

Models trained or fine-tuned on youssefbelghmi/MNLP_M3_mcqa_dataset