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Intellectual disability | Personality Disorders | Jun 20, 2022 | Alan Jo | Alan Jo | Sep 17, 2023 | [Intelligence](https://texonom.com/intelligence-938f1ee4347642bf9381fa966bd6d30f) [Lead](https://texonom.com/lead-2cc5044d041b4be894e4360ab2fe3f63) |
### ์ง์ ์ฅ์
๋ฉ์ ์ค๋ช
ํ ์ ์๋ ๋ชจ๋ ์ง์ ์ฅ์ ์ 2/3์ ๋ํ ์์ธ์ผ๋ก ๋ฐ์๋ค์ฌ์ง๋ค
> [์ญ์ฌ์ ๊ฐ์ฅ ๋ง์ ์ฌ๋์ ์ฃฝ์ธ ๊ณผํ์](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UtyqKCKPjtk)
| cae03c23a7e44a7580219f7d43f4e1b7 |
OCD | Personality Disorders | Jan 13, 2022 | Alan Jo | Alan Jo | Sep 17, 2023 |
### obsessive-compulsive disorder
### ๊ฐ๋ฐ์ฆ
๊ฐ๋ฐ์ฆ์ ์งํค์ง ๋ชปํ๋๋ผ๋
๊ทธ๊ฑธ ์งํค๊ธฐ ์ํด ๋
ธ๋ ฅํด์จ ๊ฒ
| 608a5fe099c045e7aa566cccef00e5c2 |
|
Big Five Personality | Personality Tests | Jul 2, 2022 | Alan Jo | Alan Jo | Jun 25, 2023 |
### Big Five Personalities
|Title|
|:-:|
|[Extraversion](https://texonom.com/extraversion-ae17f4c4ae874ee4a1f8051ac24c1306)|
> [Big 5 ์ฑ๊ฒฉ๊ฒ์ฌ](https://together.kakao.com/big-five)
| 100f951169c04ee99b4360789ea89d0a |
|
MBTI | Personality Tests | Dec 4, 2020 | Alan Jo | Alan Jo | Jul 20, 2023 | [Barnum effect](https://texonom.com/barnum-effect-e80b52c275d3497c877037569bdb652f) [Confirmation bias](https://texonom.com/confirmation-bias-44a9d9d7c692476ab31fd54638ba67d2) |
### ์ ํํ์ง ๋ชปํด๋ ์ฌํ์์ ์ฌ๋๋ค์ด ์๋ก์ ๋ํ ์ดํด๋๋ฅผ ๋์๋ค๋๋ฐ์์ ์์๊ฐ ์๋ค
์์ ์ ์ฑ๊ฒฉ์ ์ง์ ์์ ์ด ํ๋จํ์ฌ ์ค๋ฌธํ๋ค๋ ๊ฒ ํ๊ณ
๋จ์ด ํด์ค ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ ๋ ์๋ฏธ์์์๋
s๋ ๋์๋ง ๋ณด๊ณ ์ ๋
์ด ์๊ณ ์ด๊ธฐ์ ์ด๋ฉฐ f๋ ๊ฐ์ ์ ์ด๋ฉฐ ์๊ฐ์ p๋ ๊ฒ์ผ๋ฅด๋ค e๋ ๋ง์ ๋นํด ์๊ฐ์ด ์งง๋ค
f๋ ๊ฐ์ ์ด ๊ฐํ๊ฒ ์๋๋ฆฌ ์ปจํธ๋กค์ด ์๋๋ ๊ฒ. ๊ฐ์ฑ์ด ํ๋ถํ ์ฌ๋์ด๋ฉด์ ํ์์๋ ์ด์ฑ์ผ
- ๋ฎ์ ์ ํจ์ฑ(์: ์ธก์ ํ๊ณ ์ ํ๋ ๊ฒ์ ์ธก์ ํ์ง ์์, ์์ธก ๋๋ ฅ์ด ์์ ๋๋ ์ผ๋ฐํํ ์ ์๋ ํ๋ชฉ์ด ์์)
- ๋ฎ์ ์ ๋ขฐ์ฑ(๋ค๋ฅธ ์ํฉ์ ์ฒํ ๋์ผ ์ธ๋ฌผ์ ๋ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ฌ์ค)
- ๋น๋
๋ฆฝ์ ์ธ ํญ๋ชฉ ์ธก์ (์ผ๋ถ ์ด๋ถ๋ฒ์ ํน์ฑ์ ์๋ก ์๊ด๊ด๊ณ๊ฐ ์๋ ๊ฒ์ผ๋ก ํ์
๋์์)
- ํฌ๊ด์ ์ด์ง ์์ ์ ๋ฑ์ ํฌํจ
### MBTIs
|Title|
|:-:|
|[INTJ](https://texonom.com/intj-09493a849e64440dbb30e637adb8eb6a)|
### MBTI Infos
|Title|
|:-:|
|[MBTI ์์ง์ถ](https://texonom.com/mbti-0c34ec54c25946daba745b6b5b27b878)|
|[MBTI Stats](https://texonom.com/mbti-stats-779a6cf49ebd4b06a6721a114e47987c)|
|[MBTI History](https://texonom.com/mbti-history-81673364e6de40ca8c2b573f5aa51205)|
|[MBTI J](https://texonom.com/mbti-j-d3d993a9ca0240fd9f1749be04ab2697)|
> [Untitled](https://www.instagram.com/p/CS4XAQIJm0f/?utm_source=ig_web_copy_link)
| 58fb1115ad80408b808a3ac4cd36c182 |
**Extraversion** | Big Five Personalities | Jul 2, 2022 | null | null | null | null | ae17f4c4ae874ee4a1f8051ac24c1306 |
|
MBTI ์์ง์ถ | MBTI Infos | Sep 26, 2021 | Alan Jo | Alan Jo | Sep 26, 2021 |
MBTI ์์ง์ถ์ด๋ผ ํ ์ ์๋ ์ฃผ๊ธฐ๋ฅ ๋ถ๊ธฐ๋ฅ
3์ฐจ๊ธฐ๋ฅ ์ด๋ฑ๊ธฐ๋ฅ์ ๋ฐ๋์ ์ธ์๊ธฐ๋ฅ ํ๋จ๊ธฐ๋ฅ
- ์๋์ง์ ๋ฐฉํฅ - ์ฃผ๊ธฐ๋ฅ๊ณผ ๋ถ๊ธฐ๋ฅ์ ๊ฒฐ์
- ์ธ์๊ธฐ๋ฅ
- ํ๋จ๊ธฐ๋ฅ
- ์ํ์์ - ์ธ์ ํ๋จ์ ๋ฐฉํฅ์ ์ํฅ
> [MBTI ์ฌ๋ฆฌ์๊ณ, ์ฃผ๊ธฐ๋ฅ ๋ถ๊ธฐ๋ฅ 3์ฐจ๊ธฐ๋ฅ ์ฐพ๋ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ](https://brunch.co.kr/@qrrating/186)
| 0c34ec54c25946daba745b6b5b27b878 |
|
MBTI History | MBTI Infos | Sep 12, 2021 | Alan Jo | Alan Jo | Sep 12, 2021 |
| 81673364e6de40ca8c2b573f5aa51205 |
|
MBTI J | MBTI Infos | Jun 25, 2023 | Alan Jo | Alan Jo | Jun 25, 2023 | [Planning](https://texonom.com/planning-d380ffc2efd84e2f9486cfa3c72ca18b) |
๊ณํ ํ๋ฒ ์๊ฐ๋ณ๋ก ์ธ์ฐ๋๊ฑด ๊ณํ ๋ชป์ธ์ฐ๋ ์ฌ๋
์ง์ ๊ฐ๋ฅํ๊ณ ๋ณ๊ฒฝ์ด ์ฉ์ดํ๋ฉฐ ์ฅ๊ธฐ์ ์ ๊ณํ์ ์ธ์ฐ๋ ๊ฒ ํ๋ฅญํ ๊ณํ์
| d3d993a9ca0240fd9f1749be04ab2697 |
MBTI Stats | MBTI Infos | Aug 28, 2021 | Alan Jo | Alan Jo | Nov 10, 2021 |
> 
> 
> 
> 
> 
> 
> 
> 
| 779a6cf49ebd4b06a6721a114e47987c |
|
INTJ | MBTIs | Aug 28, 2021 | Alan Jo | Alan Jo | Jun 25, 2023 |
์ธ๊ฐ๊ด๊ณ๋ณด๋ค System์ ๋ง๋ค์ด๋ด๋ ๋ฐ ํนํ
> 
> 
> 
> 
> 
> [INTJ (์ธํฐ์ )๊ฐ ๋ง์ด ์ํตํ๋ ์ด์ (ft. INTP, ISTP)](https://youtu.be/hRkQawMvsUQ)
> [[ASMR] ์ ๋ฏธ์ MBTI๋ค -INTJ](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=emsZ6VvzvkE)
| 09493a849e64440dbb30e637adb8eb6a |
|
null | Positive psychology Papers | Nov 5, 2019 | null | null | null |
# Abstract
โhappinessโ has different meanings, and that in this chapter we focus on only one type of happiness - valenced (positive or negative) hedonic experiences with external stimuli
**Way to pursue happiness**
1. improve the objective levels
2. improve the arrangement of and choices among external outcomes without substantively altering their objective levels - **hedonomic approach**
### This paper review second approach
Formulasโ for improving happiness have always been of interest not only to academics , but also to policy makers and individuals
but the impact of wealth on happiness has its boundaries
โ **So increase more happiness from improving the arrangement of and choices among external outcomes without substantively increasing the objective levels of the external resources.**
<details><summary>
determinants of happiness from four aspects</summary>
1. pattern of consumption
2. procedure of consumption
3. (mis)match between the choice phase and the consumption phase
4. type of consumption
</details>
> Keywords: Hedonomics, happiness architecture, judgement and decision making, consumption
# 1. Pattern of Consumption
A fixed amount of consumption resources can be divided into several chunks and consumed sequentially on separate occasions
- number of chunks
- size of each chunk in the sequence
- changes in the sizes of chunks
**These three characteristics can influence happiness.**
<details><summary>
**Segregation of Gains** โ subjective utility derived from gains follows a concave curve, with diminishing marginal utility</summary>
Segregating a Fixed Amount of Consumption Resources into Several Small Chunks Can Lead to Greater Happiness Prospect Theoryโs value function
</details>
<details><summary>
**Effect of Segregation **</summary>
1. introducing non-consumption periods into the consumption sequenceโ people have more time to recover from satiation or hedonic adaption (refer โ Adding Delaysโ and โ Adding Interruptions andSlowing Downโ)
2. lengthening the overall consumption duration
</details>
โ can take advantage of the steep gain of happiness from โzero consumptionโ to โsome consumptionโ and increase happiness
> segregating gains is one of the four hedonic editing rules Thaler (1985) formally propose
### Improving Sequence: Arranging of Different Sizes in an Ascending Order
<details><summary>
People prefer get better than get worse</summary>
- people even prefer decoupling of payment, willing to incur losses (payment) before gains (consumption)
- employees who experienced a positive wage change were happier and more satisfied with their job, regardless of theabsolute amount of salary
</details>
this preference runs against the economically rational solution based on calculating the present value of a flow of future values via discounting (deflate)
โ expediting future gains (increase present utility) and postponing future losses (decrease present dis-utility) can maximize the present value of the consumption flow
- **Nevertheless, this economically optimal arrangement is sub-optimal for happiness**
### Accelerated Increase (Velocity of Positive Change): Arranging of Different Size Chunk in an Accelerated Increasing Pattern
people sensitive to the velocity of the change (refer โImproving Sequence")
โ increase in value**(even value does not correspond to any external rewards and it is spurious)** faster and faster will generate greater happiness than constant rate
# 2. Procedure of Consumption
he characteristics of the procedure -consumed in different ways make difference in happiness
3. delays
4. interruptions
5. speed
6. curiosity towards the experience
### Adding Delays: Delaying Single Consumption
pleasure from their moment-to-moment experiences with the consumption phase stimuli
โ imagining positive experiences prior to the occurrence, people can get anticipated utility or savoring value
**But usually do not choose because of impulsive desires - if **
<details><summary>
Caution - because it runs against a few other accounts</summary>
- waiting period is usually unpleasant โ negative experience during waiting is likely to be transferred to the target consumption, and hence reduce overall satisfaction
- From an economic perspective, waiting decreases the present value of the consumption experience
- Imagined experience sometimes can **substitute** for real experience, the anticipation period may lead to adaptation and thus decrease pleasure from the actual consumption
</details>
> suggest families should book vacations in advance and online shoppers **should not select expedited shipping**
### Adding Interruptions to a Flow of Consumption and Slowing Down Consumption - single stimulus repeatedly
<details><summary>
Adding interruptions (i.e., introducing โbreaksโ into the course of consumption) can boost happiness because it gives people time to naturally recover from satiation - even when the interruption itself is somewhat negative (can help โrestoreโ intensity of the positive experience)</summary>
- **But people usually do not foresee the benefit of adding interruptions, and do not choose to break up positive experiences**
</details>
<details><summary>
people will benefit from consuming more slowly when repeatedly experiencing similar stimuli, since a slower pace means more and longer inter-consumption intervals</summary>
- **But people do not seem to anticipate how fast they may get satiated from repeated consumption, so consume too rapidly when they have control over the consumption pace**
</details>
### Inducing Curiosity: Adding a Curiosity-Induction Period Before Consumption
<details><summary>
Curiosity conceptualized as the desire to โclose an information gap,โ and is a form of โcognitively induced deprivation.โ</summary>
the deprivation of oneโs cognitive state can also result in a natural resolution, meaning that the desire to resolve curiosity can be a goal in and of itself, beyond getting practical benefits such as information and entertainment
</details>
people can get positive hedonic value through curiosity resolution
curiosity-induction stage (need to added) โ target consumption period โ increase happiness
- **prompted to think about is gist- curiosity-inducing condition (benefit of inducing curiosity)**
> Pandora Effect - curiosity leads people to opt for expectedly negative outcom
# 3. Circumstance Difference Between the Choice and Consumption Phase
Because people possess malleable (context-dependent and time-dependent) preferences, if the circumstance under which people choose a consumption option mismatches with the circumstance under which they consume the option. Circumstances are like these
- visceral state (hot or cold)
- evaluation mode (joint or separate)
- timing of choice(simultaneous or sequential)
- focus(wide or narrow)
### Hot Versus Cold Visceral States: Peopleโs Visceral States
- hot - ex. tired,hungry, sexually aroused, or intellectually curious
- cold - ex. rested, satiated, or intellectually satisfied
Individuals in one state cannot predict their preferences in the opposite state (empathy gap)
โ so choosing too early may make a mismatch
**To optimize choice and increase consumption happiness, one should engage in more deliberative projection of future states, or reduce the temporal interval between the choice and consumption phase**
> projection bias - tend to project their current state to estimate their future state
### Joint Versus Separate Evaluation: That in the Consumption Phase
All decisions and judgments are made in one mode or combination of two mode
- **joint evaluation mode **- options are juxtaposed together and evaluated comparatively
- **Separate evaluation mode** - each option is presented in isolation and evaluated in an absolute sense without comparison to alternatives
- easy-to-evaluate attributes receive more attention - weight in SE
- difficult-to-evaluate attributes - weight in JE
These two modes can systematically shift peopleโs attention to different attributes
<details><summary>
**People Are Usually in a Joint Evaluation Mode in the Choice Phase but in a Separate Evaluation Mode in the Consumption Phase**</summary>
To alleviate the impact of such a mismatch, one should try to adopt the single evaluation mode in the choice phase, evaluating options one by one and forming holistic impressions of each of them - and then consider evaluation mode at consuming
</details>
> โevaluabilityโ - that is, the extent to which people can evaluate the value of the attribute when it is presented alone (differ from individuals)
### Simultaneous Choices Versus Sequential Consumption
People Usually Consume Options Sequentially - choices may be made simultaneously
<details><summary>
**three psychological mechanisms of mismatch**</summary>
1. contract the interval between future consumption occasions, and thus overestimate consume reward
2. people possess the heuristic that a choice portfolio should incorporate variety and simultaneous choice facilitates the construction of a choice portfolio
3. people are uncertain about their future preferences, selecting more variety is a safer choice
</details>
<details><summary>
**deliberately reduce variety when making simultaneous choices, applying a choose-my-favorite rule, or make choices in a sequential manner**</summary>
impact of this mismatch can be mitigated if in the consumption stage, the interval between consumption episodes is short, to the extent that the perceived interval and objective interval match
</details>
> โdiversification biasโ that they over-diversify their consumption portfolio when making combined choices for multiple future
### Narrow Versus Wide Focus
- Focal Event - Choice Phase (focalism bias)
- Focal Event & Contextual Events - Consumption phase
<details><summary>
**focalism bias make people tend to overestimate both the intensity and the duration of the focal stimuliโs impact (impact bias)**</summary>
one may widen the span of focus in the choice phase by actively considering other factors that may contribute to future happiness
</details>
# 4. Type of Consumption
Different types of consumption produce different intensity and durability of happiness
- material consumption - consumption that satisfies oneโs learned preference
- experiential consumption - consumption that satisfies oneโs inherent preference
Second one make bigger happiness
### Experiential Versus Material Consumption: Experiential Consumption Generates Greater and More Durable Happiness Than Material Consumption of Equivalent Monetary Value
- material consumption - spending money with the primary intention of acquiring a material possession
- experiential consumption - spending money with the primary intention of acquiring a life experience
happiness declined more slowly in the experience purchase condition than in the material purchase condition - more resistant to hedonic adaptation
<details><summary>
**Three psychological underpinnings between two**</summary>
1. **experiential consumption is more important to oneโs identity than material consumption**โwe are what we do, not what we have.โ
2. people are less likely to engage in potentially invidious comparisoncomparison is easy in material experience - experiential consumption has more variation
3. experiential consumption has greater value in enhancing social relationshipsbetter for after talking
</details>
> alternative-wise comparison - social comparison exist
### Inherent Versus Learned Preferences: Consumption That Satisfies Inherent Preference Produces Longer-Lasting Happiness than Consumption That Satisfies Learned Preferences
- IP (Inherent preference) - persist regardless of time and contexts - no need social comparison - has absolute value - strong durability since it has reference scale
- LP (Learned preference) - malleable and vary with time and context - requires social comparison and is relative - weak durability since it use external reference points
> Whether a preference is an inherent preference (IP) or a learned preference (LP) falls on a continuum, but for ease of exposition
# Conclusion
We present a representative, but not comprehensive, list of determinants of happiness, mainly drawing upon research on judgment and decision making.
They offer implications for โchoice architectsโ - government, companies, and individual consumers- to design better consumption pattern and procedure, to offer proper timing of choice and consumption, to produce and stimulate the right type of consumption experiences, and ultimately, to improve daily happiness without significantly increasing the possession or consumption of external materials
| 0178dcd2e49749a982b135ff960283fc |
|
Predictors of Subjective Well-Being Across Cultures | Positive psychology Papers | Nov 5, 2019 | null | null | null |
# Abstract
- **lay-cultural** beliefs of happiness
- **excessive concerns of social-evaluation** in East Asian cultures
by ecological and biological
> Keywords: **subjective well-being, culture, self, emotion**
# Culture
<details><summary>
**Which life is prioritized, preferred state of happiness (low - high arousal)**</summary>
- being aware of its omnipresent influence on our mind is usually difficult.
- play critical role of shape every aspect of happiness - conceptualized
</details>
# Objective Conditions - National Wealth
### **Non-Directed Effect**
<details><summary>
National affluence raises happiness** only through **its effect on freedom, individualism, or democracy</summary>
1. **evenly distributed** - why progressive taxation is good for SWB
2. economic indices might shadow the effects of various positive-social qualities on happiness that correlate with national wealth
</details>
### Directed View
<details><summary>
No difference after certain point, Some types (ex. national income, public resources) effect to** cognitive evaluations**</summary>
1. positive feelings - psycho-social factors (ex. social support, respect, and autonomy)
2. Negative feelings - societal and personal factors - in more richer country
</details>
> Cognitive Evaluation - Think - social conditions
> Emotional well being - Feel
# Lay Beliefs (+desire) of Happiness
- different between culture by culture (Collectivism / individualism)ex. definition - social level condition or fortune / personal level feeling
> But these questionnaire studies which describe definition results theory-confirming rather than novel insights
### Desire
<details><summary>
**how positively people thought about a happy person โ actual happiness level of each nation**</summary>
1. Ambivalent about being overly happy, because happiness is believed to be followed by unhappiness at the end
2. Inalienable right and a product of an individualโs action in western โ make some degree of pressure to be happy,** aversion **to non-Western
</details>
non-Western negative emotions are believed to have important functional value
### Why different?
<details><summary>
**happiness has high social active social interaction โ infection**</summary>
1. **Ambivalent **high pathogen reinforced to de-value traits or emotions
2. **Inalienable** low pathogen reinforced to value traits or emotions
</details>
> fixed-amount theorists : less happy
# Emotion
Valence(pole) and arousal dimension type
- **HAP **: high activation positive affect - ex. excitement, elation activation
- **LAP **: Low activation positive affect - ex. calmness and serenity activation
<details><summary>
**Cultural variation in ideal positive affect causes a difference in the link between positive emotion and happiness**</summary>
discrepancies between ideal and actual LAP โ ideal positive affect is LAP in east โ motivation to pursue happiness predict high : means social way has more possibility
discrepancies between ideal and actual HAP โ ideal positive affect is HAP in west โ motivation to pursue happiness predict high
</details>
<details><summary>
**Relate differently with another pole of positive emotion**</summary>
**east**: centered more on **socially engaged** (feelings of closeness to others, friendly feelings)
**west**: rely more on** socially disengaged** (pride and feelings of superiority) emotion
</details>
### Dialectic view
<details><summary>
feeling bad and good at the same time</summary>
east - emotion regulation, such as the dampening or savoring of positive emotions
west - maximize positive emotion and minimize negative emotion more
</details>
**Cultural Use in judgement **(also in self-view)
> <details><summary>
>
> โaffect-as-informationโ theory</summary>
> momentary mood as a heuristic cue for making satisfaction evaluative judgement
> - more occur interdependent person > independent being
> interdependent โ other's evaluation important
> </details>
>
# Importance of the Self
### High Esteem, Consistency, and Clarity
<details><summary>
**positive belief about oneโs overall self seems to matter more for the happiness of individualist than collectivist cultural members**</summary>
โ **self-esteem** is a stronger predictor of happiness in Western than Asian cultures
> - degree of consistency, clarity of oneโs feeling
โ the relational tone between the self and other significant selves (e.g., family) seem to be more salient for the well-being of collectivist cultural members** (relationship harmony)**
> - being flexible to situational demands is highly appreciated by others (evaluated by significant others)
</details>
**inner-self is more pivotal anchor of psychological experience in individualistic โ sum depends more to individualism country**
**Might matter more for collectivists**
โ overlap between satisfaction with national satisfaction and personal satisfaction becomes larger in collectivist nations
## Concern for Social Approval and Conflict
<details><summary>
inner state of the self - how the world subjectively appears to her : WE**ST**</summary>
โ extends to various realms of life, and creates several cultural variations in link to happiness -meeting oneโs inner potential
</details>
<details><summary>
external layer : EA**ST**</summary>
โ concrete and practical factors which are visible is easy to be acknowledged (**money**)
</details>
**key difference is the โfocus of concernsโ**
objective social status associated with happiness more in **EAST**
trusted their own judgments in **WEST**
contingency of self-worth - self-judgments of happiness could be more prone to fluctuations in **EAST,** depending on the tone of social feedback
> contingency of self-worth (CSW) # ๋ณ๋์ฑ
excessive **concern **of otherโs view might be a key psychological reason in **EAST **of happiness
<details><summary>
more **concerned **about potential damages to their social image</summary>
โ promotive social gestures that benefit happiness are less pursued, in fear that they may instigate negative reactions
> โ less likely to seek social support (contradiction to stereotype)โ more hesitant to celebrate positive events
</details>
> **Detrimental for happiness**
> a) being more focused on external, materialistic aspects of happiness,
> b) Not being able to create and use idiosyncratic standards for self-judgment (self-enhancing view)
> c) being oriented more towards preventive than promotive decisions in everyday life
# Culture-Person Fit Issue
### **culture- person fit(matching) hypothesis**
- framework employed in explaining happiness across cultures
<details><summary>
**key idea of frame work**</summary>
if other things equal โ **person is happier(esp. **relational well being**) **when her personal characteristics (personality, value, emotion) **resembles the dominant** (practices or values of the residing) culture.
</details>
<details><summary>
**But can make cultural relativism and give up personal autonomy to fit strategy is bad for happiness**</summary>
even valued autonomy and enjoyed typical individualistic were happier especially among fluent group
</details>
> Extraverts prevalent, culture boosted the positive effect on happiness
> + religious, virtue has similar pattern
## Newcomers: Ecological and Biological Factors
dichotomous individualism and collectivism paper - so why culture select these factors?
### by **ecological and biological factors**
these give fundamental insight about the origins of cultural variation, and how SWB is related to such non-psychological factors
<details><summary>
**prevalence of pathogens**</summary>
- That leads to the emergence of individualism and collectivism to inhibit the transmission of pathogens
- less positively in high pathogen regions โ behavioral features associated with happiness (e.g., risk-taking, novelty seeking) increase the spread of disease.
</details>
<details><summary>
**resource scarcity (**+climate harsh**)** leads to a more negative perception</summary>
- complacent and optimistic acceptable when the environment is safe and resource is abundant
</details>
> demanding climates predict ill-being in poor nations but not in wealthy nations,because resources buffer the negative effects of climate
### evolutionary angle (adaptive functions)
1. population density is negatively correlated with life satisfaction - more stressful
2. gene - 1โ short allele of the 5-HTTLPR โ prevalence of affective disorders โ collectivism
> high positive affect were correlated with the national prevalence of THERS 324420 A allele in the FAAH gene
# Conclusion
Even in collectivist cultures where inner emotions seem to play a less defining role in happiness, the correlation direction same.
Hence, appreciating the cultural variance in happiness is important, but not to the extent of obscuring the universal aspects of human well-being.
They are all likely headed toward a common destinationโsecuring essential needs for survival and reproduction (social respect, belonging, resource)
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Biological, evolutionary perspective | Positive Psychology Topics | Nov 5, 2019 | null | null | null |
### All biological beings are designed for survival and biological flourishing (reproduction), not happiness
Emotion(happiness) is a crucial software (tool) for survival to easily evaluate + and - for survival
### survival strategy difference between animal and plant
brain(emotion) is made for movement - main reason of emotion - Since we can move, we need critical judgement of movement
### Emotion - Simplified key of movement - for early judgement
emotion system is energy consuming(impact) since it is important
To make **quick,** powerful decisions about movement (โgoโ or โstopโ)
### Friend and Food โ survival
decrease crisis since environment has uncertain - so lonely is impact emotion
> ๋ฉ๊ฒ๋ ์ฌ์ฑ์ด์ ์ ๋๊ฐ ์์ง๋ง ์ ์ฐฉํ๋ฉด ์์ ์ ๋๋ฅผ ๋จน๋๋ค
> ๊ด์ฐ๋ณ์ ๋ํ ๋ฉด์ญ์์คํ
์ด ๋จ์์๋ ์ด์ ๋ ํธ๋ชจ์ฌํผ์์ค ์์ ์ฃฝ์ธ ๋ฏ์ ์ธ๊ฐ์ ๋๋ฅผ ๋จน์ด์๊ธฐ ๋๋ฌธ
# Happy life = frequently blink happy emotion
### To motivate& seek key resource : emotion, So When
1. it resets - why objective conditions are poor happiness predictors
2. it is discriminant, why social experience (extraversion) is so important which make relative discriminant
### happiness is in 'being' not becoming - if becoming than blink off
> find my stone of life(gist) and fill rest pebble, sand, water in sequence
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Gratitude | Positive Psychology Topics | Jul 21, 2021 | null | null | null |
๊ฐ์ฌํฉ์ ๊ธ์ ์ ์ธ ๊ธฐ์ต์ ๋ ์ฝ๊ฒ ์ ์ฅํ๊ณ ๋ ์ฌ๋ฆด ์ ์๊ฒํ๋ค
๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ ๊ฐ์ฌํ๋ ๊ฒ
๊ธ์ ์ ์ธ ์ผ์ ์ฐ๋ฆฌ๋ ์ ์์ด๋ฒ๋ฆฌ๋๋ฐ ๊ทธ๊ฑธ ๊ธฐ์ต์ ๊ฐํ์ํด
ํธํ์ฑ๊ณผ ์น์ฌํ์ฑ์ ๊น์ ์ฐ๊ด์ด ์๋ค
๊ฐ์ฌ์ ๋์์ด ์๊ธฐ ๋๋ฌธ์ ๊ทผ๋ณธ์ ์ผ๋ก
[Trait Gratitude](https://texonom.com/trait-gratitude-9a0a8877ed054dd58e587031420b93e2)
> [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WPPPFqsECz0](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WPPPFqsECz0)
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Homo Economicus | Positive Psychology Topics | Nov 5, 2019 | null | null | null |
human - Homo Economicus, Bozo Sapiens - **False**
so ์ด๋ก ์ฃผ๋์ ์ฐ๊ตฌ๋ณด๋ค ์คํ์ฃผ๋์ ์ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ ์ด๋ฃจ์ด์ ธ์ผ ํ๋ค not ideal
cold cognition - ํ์คํ๊ฒ ๋ชจ๋ ์ ๋ณด but ๋ชจ์ผ๊ธฐ ๋ถ๊ฐ - ๊ธฐ๋๊ฐ ์ค์
hot cognition - **๋ถํ์คํด๋** ์ ๋ณด ์ถฉ๋ถํ๋ค **๋๋ผ๋ฉด **๋ฐ๋ก ๊ฒฐ์
> ### 1. Normative theory ๊ท๋ฒ ๋ชจํ- choose by expected value
> ๊ธฐ๋๊ฐ - ๊ธ์ ์ ์ธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ ์๋ฅผ ๋ชจ๋ ์ฌ๊ฑด์ ์๋ก ๋๋๋ค - ๊ณ ์ ๊ฒฝ์ ํ
> Petersburg Paradox - right picture
> 
> ### 2. Utility Theory
> ํจ์ฉ - ๋ฏธ๋๊ฐ์น๋ ๊ฐ์ ๊ฐ์น ๊ฐ๊ฐ์๊ฐํ์ฌ ๊ธฐ๋๊ฐ **๊ณ์ฐ **- ์ ๊ณ ์ ๊ฒฝ์ ํ
> Ellsbergโs Paradox - ๋ชจํธ์ฑambiguity์ด ์ธ๊ฐ์ ์์ฌ๊ฒฐ์ ์์ ์ค์ํ ์ญํ ์ ํ๋ค (hot cognition)
> 
> so we need ๋ค์ค ํ๊ฐ ๋งค์ปค๋์ฆ multiple evaluation mechanisms theory
>
> 
### 3. ์กฐ๋ง์ด๋ก prospect theory - (Descriptive theory)
> ์ฌ๋๋ค์ ์ ๋์ ์ธ ๊ฐ์น์ ๊ทผ๊ฑฐํ์ง ์๊ณ ํ์ฌ ์ํ์ ๋น๊ตํ ๋ ์์๋๋ ์ด๋๊ณผ ์ํด์ ๊ทผ๊ฑฐํ์ฌ ํ๋จํ๋ค. (์ด๋ด ๊ฒ์ด๋ค๋ ์์ธก์ด๋ก ์ด ์๋๋ผ ๋๊ฐ ๊ทธ๋ ๋ค๋ ์ค๋ช
์ด๋ก )
>> โ ๋ฎ์ ํ๋ฅ ์ ๊ณผ๋ ํ๊ฐํ๊ณ ๋์ ํ๋ฅ ์ ๊ณผ์ ํ๊ฐํ๋ค
>> โ ์ด์ต์ ์ถ๊ตฌํ๊ธฐ๋ณด๋ค ์ํด๋ฅผ ํํผํ๋ ค๋ ๊ฒฝํฅ์ด ์๋ค - loss aversion at mixed gamble (gain + loss)
> 
**Range effect - ๋ค๋ฃจ๋ ํฌ๊ธฐ์ ๋นํด ๋ณํ์ ํฌ๊ธฐ๊ฐ ์์ผ๋ฉด ์ ๋ value๋ ์๋ํ๊ฐ๋๋ค**
**Framing Effect - Preference reversal by expression**
**endowment effect - ๋ณด์ ํจ๊ณผ**
# ์ฌ์ฝ insular
๊ณตํฌ๊ฐ ํธ๋์ฒด๋ผ๋ฉด ์ฌ์ฝ์ ํ์ค โ ์์คํ์ค (๋ณด์ ํจ๊ณผ ํด์๋ก ์์ค์์ ์์คํ์ค ํฌ๋ค)
**์ ์ฒ์ , ์งํ์ - **์ด๋ฆฐ์ด์ ๋ํ์๋ค ๋ณด์ ํจ๊ณผ ์ฐจ์ด ๋ฏธ๋ฏธ
> but ์นจํฌ์ง์ ๊ฒฝ์ฐ (๋๋ฌผ) ๋จน๋ ๊ฑฐ ์๋๋ฉด ๋ณด์ ํจ๊ณผ ๊ด์ฐฐ์ด ์์๋ค(์๋ช
์ง์ ๊ด๋ จ)
>
**Time-Shifted Rationality** - ๋นํฉ๋ฆฌ์ ์ผ๋ก ๋ณด์ด๋ ํ๋์ด ์ค์ ๋ก๋ ๋งค์ฐ ์ ๋ฌธ์ ์ด๊ณ ์ ์์ ์ด๋ฉฐ ์๋ฒฝํ ๊ธฐ๋ฅ์ ์ผ๋ก ์งํ๋ ํ๋์ ๋ถ์ฐ๋ฌผ์ผ ์ ์๋ค
> **territoriar behavior - **๋บ์ ๋๋ณด๋ค ์งํฌ ๋ ์๋์ง ๋ ์ฌ์ฉ
> **inter-temporal choice ์์ ๊ฐ ์ ํ - ๋ณด์์ง์ฐ๋ ์๋ก ๋ณด์๊ฐ์น ๊ฐ์ (utility) - ์กฐ์ผ๋ชจ์ฌ right**
>> ๊ทผ์์์ ์์ฌ๊ฒฐ์ ์ ํ๋ ค๋ ์์ฐ์ ์ธ ๊ฒฝํฅ
์งํ๋ ๋นํฉ๋ฆฌ์ฑ (์์คํ์ค, ๋จ๊ธฐ์ )
### Brain is living fossil
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Lay belief | Positive Psychology Topics | Nov 5, 2019 | null | null | null |
# Cognition & Happiness Conclusion
### Individuals beliefs or โtheoriesโ about happiness โ influence happiness
ex. luck is more important than effort
Cognitive strategies & decisions matter
<details><summary>
Is happiness really a โthoughtโ? </summary>
- โthinking styles,โ there are some individual differences in โfeeling stylesโ- Frequency of PA/NA- Duration of PA/NA- Intensity, Variability of PA/NA- *Savoring of PA/NA- *Expression of PA/NA
</details>
- vast majority of current self-help books suggest you to change your beliefs
โ H**appiness is experience so do not overestimate Cognitive strategies**
# Zero-sum Theory
believe Happiness exist in a "fixedโ amount (BIFAH)
1. Between people โ make jealous โ make unhappy
2. Within life โ cannot enjoy now totally
<details><summary>
These kind of people like</summary>
- more competitive
- frequent social comparison
- fatalistic belief
- low extraversion
- high neuroticism
- low other's rating about likable, happy
</details>
**Show less life satisfaction, positive affect, and (before controlling Big 5) high negative affect**
# Sense of Control
People are fundamentally motivated to seek control - able to tolerate more distress if they โbelieveโthey have control over the environment
**Good for happiness**
# Looking at the best versus worst domain
overall happiness based on
- personal โbest โdomain (happy people)
- personal โworst โdomain (unhappy people)
> **No life has everything; see what you have, not what you are missing**
# Happiness is a warm, abstract thought
**Life satisfaction correlated to abstractness of LS standards (Contrast to BIFAH)**
concrete condition(like learned experience) - abstract condition (like inherent experience)
-> โintrinsic goalsโ (meaning) are more satisfying than โextrinsic goalsโ
> Counterfactual thinking - low condition can be more happy like bronze Olympic bronze medal give more happiness
# Savoring
### From here - we treat individual difference
form of emotion regulation used to prolong and enhance positive experiences - ENJOY THIS MOMENT
> Itโs not having what you want. Itโs wanting what youโve got
> Contrast to Korean stars saying โ๊ณ์ ์ง์ผ๋ด ์ฃผ์ธ์โ
### Price of abundance
Feel abundant make less time to savor
**But โaffluenceโ impacts happiness in complex ways - convenience, less savoring, boredom**
# Expression
> "To find out other's feeling - fashion the expression of my face, as accurately as possible, in accordance with the expression of his, and then wait to see what thoughts or sentiments arise in my mind"
> 
<details><summary>
facial feedback hypothesis - face expression(body) is not only result of mind, cause of happiness(mind)</summary>
</details>
**unrelated factor can effect to our choose**
### Capitalizing on Positive Events
peopleโs typical responses after positive/negative life events
- Social contact* - let others know
- Marking* - express
โ make savoring -high BIFAH โ capitalize less
### cultural norms on emotion expression
> (PA-NA) size
> ** More relational concernโ less capitalization โ lower SWB**
> compared to US, Koreans:
> 
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Memory (condition) Control | Positive Psychology Topics | Nov 5, 2019 | null | null | null |
# ๊ณตํฌํ์ต ๋ง๊ฐ - ๊ณ ํต์ค๋ฌ์ด ๊ธฐ์ต ์์๊ธฐ๊ฒ ํ๊ธฐ
### experiment
1. ํ์ต์งํ๋ ๊ธฐ์ตํ์ง๋ง ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ๋ง๊ฐ โ ํ์ต ์ lmd์์ฉ๊ธฐ ์ต์ ๋จ๋ฐฑ์ง์ฝ(anisomycin)์ด๋ ๊ตญ์๋ง์ทจ์ ํ์ต์งํ ํฌ์ฌํ๋ฉด (์ฅ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ์ต ๊ณต๊ณ ํ์ดํ ๋ ํ์ต ํ์ ํ๋ฉด ํจ๊ณผ ์์)
> 2. ์์ ์ ๋ ๊ฐ์ฑ์ฌ๊ฑด์ ์์ ์ฌ๊ฑด์ผ๋ก ๋ฐ์๋ค์ - like ํธ๋์ฒด ์์ํ์์ฒ๋ผ ๋๋ค ๊ณตํฌ ๋ชป๋ฐฐ์
>> ๋ฒ ํ ์๋๋ ๋ ๋ฆฐ (์คํธ๋ ์ค ํธ๋ฅด๋ชฌ) ์ฐจ๋จ์ (ํ๋กํฌํด)
> 
# ๊ธฐ์ต์ ๊ณต๊ณ ํ
> ์ฅ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ์ต ๋๋ ค๋ฉด ๊ณต๊ณ ํ ๊ฑฐ์ณ์ผํจ - ๊ทธ ์ดํ ๋นํ์ฑํ๋ ๊ธฐ์ต์ ์ธ์ถํด๋ฒ๋ฆด ๋์? (์์์ผ๋ก ์ธ์ถ)
> ์ฌ๋ฆฌ์น๋ฃ๋ ๋ถ์ ์ ์ ์๊ธฐ์ต ์์๋ คํ๋๋ฐ ์ฃผ๋ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ - ๋ถ์ ์ ๊ฒฝํ ์ฌ๊ฒฝํ โ ๋ค๋ฅธ ๋๋์ผ๋ก ํด์(ํ์ ๋์๊ฒ์ ๋ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒ์ผ๋ก ๋๋ฆผ)ํด์ ์ฌ๊ณต๊ณ ํ
> 
์ธ์ถ ์ดํ์ ๋ง๋๋ง๋ ๊ณต๊ณ ํ ์ฌ์์ง๋ ์ํ๊ฐ ๋๋๋ฐ ์ฌ๊ณต๊ณ ํํ๋ ค๋ ์ธ์ถ์์๋ ๋๊นฅ๋ค โ ์ฌ๊ฒฝํ ์งํ anisomycin ์ฃผ์ฌํ๋ฉด ๊ณตํฌ์กฐ๊ฑด ํ์ฑ ์ฌ๋ผ์ง! **= ์ฌ๊ณต๊ณ ํํ๋ ค๋๊ฑฐ ๋ง๊ธฐ**
### ๊ณ ํต์ค๋ฌ์ด ๊ธฐ์ต์ ์๊ฒ ํ๊ธฐ
# Exactly condition control
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Misconcept | Positive Psychology Topics | Nov 5, 2019 | null | null | null |
relativist theory - easterlin paradox - income relative std
livability (need) theory - freezer effect - poor nation income threshold
### just Social comparision is important fact
> Age and happiness has U-bend
# Gender
### almost same in every time but has different cause of happiness
man - resource, competence
female - youth, attrativeness
> but every experiment there can be selection effect
# Adding variety
pleasure paradox exist
- long term no variety
- short term variety
# Incomplete closure
### Lingering uncertainty
๋จ์ํ ์ฐ์๊ณผ ๋ฌ๋ฆฌ ์ค๋ช
์ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์์ด๋ ๊ณ ํต์ ์ผ์ผํค๋ ์์ธ์ด ๋ฌด์์ธ์ง๋ฅผ ๊ท๋ช
ํ๊ณ ์ฐ๊ด์ด ์๋ ๊ฒ๋ ์๋ ค์ค๋ค
์ ๋๋ก ๋ ์ดํด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์ ธ๋ค์ฃผ๊ธฐ๋ ํ์ง๋ง ๊ฒฝํ์ ๋ณธ๋ ํน์ฑ์ ๋์์ ๋ฐ๊พธ๊ธฐ๋ ํ๋ค
โ ์์ธ์ ์์๋์ผ๋ก์จ ํ๋ฒํ ์ฌ๊ฑด์ผ๋ก ์น๋ถํจ
### ๊ฒฐ๋ก
1. ๋ถ์พํ ๊ฒ์ ์ฌ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ์ค๋ช
ํด๋ฒ๋ฆฌ์
2. ์ ์พํ ์ฌ๊ฑด์ ์ค๋ช
ํ์ง ๋ง๊ณ ๋ฒํฐ๋ค๊ฐ ์ค๋ช
3. ๋ง๋ฌด๋ฆฌ ๋ชปํ๋ฉด ๊ณ์ ์๊ฐํ๋ฏ๋ก ๋ง๋ฌด๋ฆฌํด์ ์๊ฐ์ ํจ์จ์ ๋์ด์
์ค๋ช
by
- ์ ๋ฆฌํ ์ ๋ณด ๋ฌด๋นํ์ ์์ฉ
> ๊ฐ์ ์ด ์์ธก์ ์ํ ๊ฑด๋ฐ ํ๋ฒํ๊ฒ ์ฌ๊ธฐ๋ฉด ๊ฐ์ ์ด ์ฌ๋ผ์ง
# Social
Lucas obsession - main reason is not social
- instrucmental view
- temperamental view
> - BAS +
> - BIS -
### Reward sensitivity
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Modularity | Positive Psychology Topics | Nov 5, 2019 | null | null | null |
### ๋ ๊ธฐ๋ฅ์ ๋ชจ๋ํ Modularity of Mind
### binding problem
๋ชจ๋๋ค์ ์ด๋ป๊ฒ ์์์ธ์ง ์ฒ๋ฆฌ๊ณผ์ ์ผ๋ก ํฉ์น ๊ฒ์ธ๊ฐ
ex. (์ด์คํค์ )์ธ์ด๋ชจ๋ ์ฒญ๊ฐ๋ชจ๋ ์๊ฐ๋ชจ๋
# Module
### Fordorian module (by jerry fodor)
1. Domain specific : ํน์ ์
๋ ฅ์ ๋ณด์๋ง ์๋ํ์ฌ ํนํ๋์ด ์๋ค
2. **Information encapsulation** : ๋ค๋ฅธ ๋ชจ๋์ ๊ด์ฌ๊ฐ ํ์์๋ค
3. Obligatory firng : ์์ง์ ์๊ด์์ด ๊ฐ์ ์ ์ผ๋ก ์๋ํ๋ค.
4. fast speed: ์์ ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ค๋ก ๋น ๋ฅธ ์๋ ์ง๋
5. shallow output: ์ฐ์ถ๋ฌผ์ ๋จ์ํ๋ค
6. Characteristic ontogeny: ๋ฐ๋ฌ๊ณผ์ ์ ๊ท์น์ด ์๋ค.
### ์ธ์ง ๋ถ์นจํฌ์ฑ
๋ฌด์์์ ํต์ฌ; ์์ํ๋ ๊ฒ์ output๋ง์ด๊ณ ์ธ๋ถํ๊ฒฝ์ด input์
> but ์ผ๋ฐ ํ๊ฒฝ์ ์กด์ฌํ์ง ์๊ณ ๋ชจ๋ ๊ฒ์ ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ธ ํน์๋ชฉ์ ์ผ๋ก ์๋ํ๋ค๋ ๋ฐ๋ก ์์
## ์ผ๊ตด๋ชจ๋
-์ ์ฒ์
์์ชฝ์ ๊ฒ์ ์ ์ฌ๋ฌ๊ฐ ์๋๊ฒ์ ๋ง์ด ์ณ๋ค๋ด (๋น์ด ์์ ์๋ค๊ณ ๊ฐ์ ) **(1. top heavy patterns)**
๋ค๋ฅธ ๊ณณ ์ณ๋ค๋ณด๋ ๋๋ณด๋ค 2. **eye contact** ๋๋ mutual gaze ๊ฐ์ง (white space๋ก ํ๋จ)
์ฌ๋์ธ ์ค ์๊ณ ์ณ๋ค๋ณด๋๊ฒ ์๋๋ผ ๊ฒ์ ์ ์ฌ๋ฌ๊ฐ๊ฐ ์์ชฝ์ ์์ ๋
์ ์ด๋ ์์กด์ ํ์ํ ์ ๋ณด๋ง ๊ฐ์ง๊ณ ํ์ด๋จ
> ์๊ธฐ๋ ๋ ์์ข์์ ๋ฎ์ ๊ณต๊ฐ ์ฃผํ์๋ฅผ ๋ณธ๋ค (์ ์์ ๋ณด, ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์ ๋ณด์ฒ๋ฆฌ ๊ฐ๋ฅ)
**๋ฐํ๊ธฐ๊ฐ**: ํ์ด๋๊ณ ์ผ๊ตด ๋ชป๋ณด๋ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ
2๋
๋ค input ๋ค์ด์๋ ๋ชจ๋ ์๋ํ์ฌ ํ์ตํ๋๋ฐ, ํ์ต์ด๊ธฐ(๋ฏผ๊ฐ๊ธฐ) input ๋ฐ๋ผ์ module ๋ฐ๋ฌํจ
๊ทธ๋ฌ๋ฏ๋ก ๋ฏผ๊ฐ๊ธฐ์ธ ์ ์์๊ธฐ์ ์ฌํ์ ์ผ๋ก ์๋ฏธ์๋ ์๊ทน์ ์ ์ํด์ผ ํ๋ค
### Perceptual Narrowing
์น์ํ ์๊ทน์ ๋ํ ์ ํ์ ์ธ ๊ฒฝํ์ ๋ค๋ฅธ ์๊ทน์ ๋ํ ์ง๊ฐ ๋ฅ๋ ฅ์ ๊ฐ์์ํจ๋ค (e.g. ์ธ์ด, ์ผ๊ตด)
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National/Cultural Factors | Positive Psychology Topics | Nov 5, 2019 | null | null | null |
## Three type of Wealth (by OECD)
> - Material Wealth
> - Social Wealth
> - Psychological Wealth
SWB Psychological Wealth, Korea only has Material Wealth of these three (by statistics)
### Social Wealth of Korea
almost last of OECD - low 'can count on other's factor' and 'feel respected''
โ Economic, objective life conditions do NOTfully explain national differences in happiness
**Rich country is happy, but it has exception by social wealth - **ex. north-east Asia low and mid-south America is high
> political object statistics ex. north Korea
> Cation : Bangladesh Bhutan is not happy (statistics coincidence)
> happiness is not index of Utopia ex. Venezuela politic
## Culture
**Culture = Air** - culture influences each and every phase of SWB, but usually difficult to notice
**defined happiness - **Buddihism "this is happiness"** can't give happiness**
So What cultural factors are particularly relevant?
# Individualism <-> Collectivism
**most important part of cultural factor**
Whether individual values are fully respected and valued (become a โstatueโ) or considered after the ideals, goals of the group (Nordic taboo)
> - income - do not has effect to incomehas effect to rights
> - rights - has correlation with happiness
> - equality - has correlation with SWB
> - individualism - increase happinesshas effect to income direction onlyhas effect to rights and equality both
> 
### Nordic taboo - evaluate other life
collectivism is good system to react to crisis but cost is individual happiness
# Self-view
> Similar contrast in Fundamental views about the self
> - interdependent self-view (Collectivism)
> - independent self-view (individualism)
**Need Free expressions of emotion & personal belief, AND greater understanding by others - right/wrong decisions by the person (not authority)**
### Self schema
> - self has clear boundary between self and friend in I
> - all individual has clear boundary
> - respect individual ***internal attribute*** property
>> stranger E out-group, self and friend E in-group and all three is individual
>
> - self and friend boundary is unclear and close distance
> - but group has clear boundary
> - share individual ***internal attribute*** property
>
> summary : like week tie is important, independent individual is important, so ***sense of personal freedom ***so to maintain happiness do not revise judgment by other's opinion
>
> 
> proper physical distance is flexible, but if it is broken, very disturbing - Edward Hall
# Judgment of i'm happy
human use heuristic cue to judgment of happiness and cues are like this
> - mood at individualism
> More individualistic cultures โlookโ primarily into their inner emotions
> - norm at collectivism
> other effect my think - just do enjoy
>
>
> 
**Otherโs view matters when the relational self is primed**
relational(personal) self makes self- view changing - so **culture is chronic primer**
> relational self <-> independent self
**in relational self both important but collectivism chronic primer**
# Collective well-being
Some aspects of individualism (competition, focus on personal achievement) do not raise happiness
**collective self -** self-conceptions based on oneโs membership in groups or social categories
### **National Satisfaction**
more important in poor than rich countries - emphasizing 'group' happiness
<details><summary>
**turade-offs**</summary>
- more forceful norms
- less acceptance of individuals 'outside' the group
- more corruption (to please group)
</details>
# Other National dimensions
### Power distance (PD) Acceptance(extend)
PD acceptance degree to that power is distributed unequally
Korea is high power country - high power individuals advice, interference frequently
### Uncertainty Avoidance (UA)
degree of society's tolerance for uncertainty and ambiguity
Korea has high - make strict law, rules and regulation - **Make social standards (ex. clothes , trend)**
## Open society - social factors
**trust **is important in happiness (denmark is strong individualism and trust)
**non-materialism - **also important
**Freedom - "glue" between economy & SWB**
# Summary
### key feature - freedom, less formality, law corruption, strong social trust
other people should be joy, pleasure - not fear, anxiety
| 288ab049653c4570833f79ebdc8e0750 |
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Paradox | null | null | null | null | null | null |
### Paradoxes
|Title|
|:-:|
|[Sorites paradox](https://texonom.com/sorites-paradox-2749dad54b2b47f4a2736f0336cecbcd)|
|[Slippery Slope](https://texonom.com/slippery-slope-d8e57d7d3b7a4d26a152403dac1d281e)|
|[Bootstrap Paradox](https://texonom.com/bootstrap-paradox-7f6cabe729064a499acb75dab1af5e16)|
|[Veridical Paradox](https://texonom.com/veridical-paradox-6bc756e81bf14c49b35343b8c4ba8a28)|
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Personal Goal | Positive Psychology Topics | Nov 5, 2019 | null | null | null |
# Lots of in person
### Mere presence of many important personal goals is related with high life satisfaction
- **Goal characters related with SWB**
> - match vs. conflict
> - content itself of goal
> - process versus outcome and others
> - Joy in process
<details><summary>
Then what is your goal</summary>
- Write down it
</details>
<details><summary>
Success/Failure of achieving</summary>
Need to consider, but not much important in process
</details>
# Vertical coherence of goals - match vs. conflict
### **Structure Coherence at various levels**
- Between Goals
> - within level (horizontal)
> - b/w lower vs. higher level (vertical)
- Between personal resource & goa
- Between goals & environment (refer Kasserโs prison study)
### One makes other goal make easier versus. no coherence โ regret
# Goal Framing - important attitude
- โavoidanceโ goals - not get criticized, not appear dumb
- โapproachโ goals - try something new, learn as much as possible
**second one is more closer to happiness - *a very stable, significant difference**
> The safest boat is one that never leaves the dock.
> The next safest boat is one who know when to sail and when not to and where to sail and where not to And that is well-equipped and well taken care of.
# Focus of Goal Pursuit - Process versus Outcome
**โLinkingโ - **extent to which a person believes that their happiness is dependent upon obtaining certain kinds of outcomes
High Linkers - โI can be happy if and only X happensโฆโ - even minor negative events seen as threats to higher order goals (happiness)
**High linkers ruminate more and experience more depression - like over justify**
# Joy is in the process
the activity should be engaged for intrinsic reasons (fun, enjoyment, interest), **not merely **as a means for another purpose (refer "wait")
> - intrinsic motivation - desire to engage in an activity because we enjoy it or find it interesting - ex. "Flow"
> - extrinsic motivation - desire to engage in an activity because of external rewards or pressures
> **Flow loss of self-consciousness(time flies) and give lot pleasure after flow**
>> Flow - Autotelic experience by high skill and challenge
>> auto = itself, telos= goal
> 
>
**Achievement: A โby-productโ of joyful engagement not a object - Happiness is NOT about reaching a destination, process**
# Over-justification
Occurs when incentives are used to bring out behavior without any external reward
- When overly rewarded, interest dies
> "the game lost its magical qualities for me once I thought seriously about playing for a living" - NBA legend, Bill Russell
# Summary
- minimize conflicts
- choose goals that maximize your talents, interests, and match your skill level - to Flow
- focus more on the PROCESS, less on the outcome"focus on BE**ING** X, not on BE**COMING** X"
"Changing time is tremendously shorter than life after change and process before change"
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Predict Happiness | Positive Psychology Topics | Nov 5, 2019 | null | null | null | [Happiness](https://texonom.com/happiness-c5af5db857e141929c47d83777209c15) |
### major life decisions depend critically on โhappiness forecastsโ
- how accurate are our future predictions
- what are the common mistakes & biases
# Affective forecasting
> Which Predict of
> - valence (good/bad)
> - specific emotions
> - intensity & duration
> **prediction overestimate future duration and intensity - NA also**
> 
Without actual experience, making an accurate preference prediction by just imagining is very difficult - ex. **diversification** **bias**
> **diversification** **bias**: diversity do not give happiness
### Cold & Hot
1. ***Cold state ***(Self -prediction) - very often when we make prediction
2. ***Hot state*** (Experience)
<details><summary>
**Most Common Error**</summary>
- we pay too much attention to a few salient features - things that stand out (attractive)
> - Other co-occurring changes
> - **immune neglect** - Our natural ability to adapt & cope
</details>
**Important is matching - if will experience cold โ choose cold, experience hot โ choose hot**
> will you take grueling chemotherapy to live 3 more months?
> 10% versus actually 42%
# Peak and End
### This is not forecast, related to revisit
**Excessive Weight on Climax or Finale**
people tend to over-rely on salient moments (climax, finale), rather than weigh all moments equally in evaluating an event
> โJames Deanโ Effect - Dream as if you will live forever
> Live as if you will die today
> Prefer Peek even life end either
# Overestimate
People living in California are more happier than Midwest? โ no difference
how happy would you be if your romantic relation breaks up (BU)? โ no difference
How happy would you be after getting or not getting tenure? โ less difference
<details><summary>
**Most Common errors**</summary>
- Immune neglectoverestimate the affective reactions
- Focalism - fail to consider the consequences of other changes
</details>
> like this living great house do not make people happy
## De-focalizing
### Kind of corrigibility
remind other factors that effect their future happiness - think more realistic
### de-focalizing
**remind details **: effective to not overestimates future events
change expectation
## Potential cause of misprediction
> - joint evaluation (JE) modeduring prediction : ***compar*****e** multiple options & scenarios
> - Single evaluation (SE) modeactual experience : takes place only in the option chosen (***do not compare***)
> 
When in JE "***quantitative difference***" is overestimated
**choice is occur at JE usually by quantity difference of various options (qualitative factor neglect which are important for happiness)**
> qualitative at SE and quantitative at JE needed
## Acquisition vs. Consumption
Acquisition experience(or satisfaction) : ***relative - *****learned preference - has mean by other**
consumption experience(or satisfaction) : ***absolute***** - inherit preference - has mean itself**
- Gab between this two make misprediction
- relative comparison are not available then absolute value is important
## Other Errors
### 1. Lay rationalism
<details><summary>
want to seem rational by other people's sight **(quantity > quality)**</summary>
in here ***quality*** is emotional value
</details>
### 2. distinction bias
people over predict how much happiness two different values will bring (in JE) - **easy to catch quantitative**
**positive task, large reward < negative task, small reward - contradict to expectation**
# Summary
we are accurate about events make happiness but do not accurate about the intensity and duration
- This means frequency is important
- happiness is SE, not JE - donโt overestimate quantitative differenceโ do not sacrifice quality to get quantity
**Nothing you focus on now will make much difference to your long-term SWB - so do not over adjust to life, chase your passion**
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Reflexes & Conditioning | Positive Psychology Topics | Nov 5, 2019 | null | null | null |
> unconditional reflexes ๋ฌด์กฐ๊ฑด ๋ฐ์ฌ ์์ฒด๊ฐ ๋ฐ์ ์
> ### Unconditional response โ (UR)Unconditional stimulus (US)
> unconditional means independent to ํ์ต์ฌ๋ถ
> unconditional reflexes ๋ฌด์กฐ๊ฑด ๋ฐ์ฌ
> 
> # Conditioning
>
> do not need ์์
> conditional react๋ผ๋ ๋
์์ด ์๊ธฐ๋ ๊ณผ์
> 
# ์ค๋น ๋ฐ์ ์ด๋ก preparatory response theory
๋จ์ + ์๊ทน โ ๋ฐ์ (์ ์์ฒด๊ฐ ๋ฐ์ฌ)
์กฐ๊ฑด ๋จ์ โ ์ค๋น๋ฐ์(๋ฐ์ ์ค๋นํจ) - ํด๋น ๋ฐ์ฌ ๋ฐ์! ์ํ ๋๊ธฐ (CR) - ur์ ํด๋น ์๊ทน ๋ฐ์ ์ํ
**๋ด์ฑ - **tolerance - ์ค๋
์๋ ๋จ์๊ฐ ์๊ณ ๋ด์ฑ์ด ์๊ธด๋ค
โ ์ต์ํ์ง ์์ ์กฐ๊ฑด์์ ๋ด์ฑ์ด ์์ด์ ธ์ ๊ณผ๋ค์๊ทน์ ์ฃฝ์์๋
**๋ด์ฑ์ ์กฐ๊ฑด + ์๊ทน์ ๋์ํ๋ค **
### ์กฐ๊ฑด์ ์๋ฐ์
๋๋ถ๋ถ์ ์ ์๋ฐ์์ ํ์ต์ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ(์กฐ๊ฑดํ์ฑ) โ ๊ณตํฌ์ ์ผ๋ฐํ (ํ์๊ฑฐ์์ ๊ณตํฌ ๋๋ผ๋ฉด ๋ค๋ฅธ ํ์๊ฑฐ์๋ ๊ณตํฌ) - ๋๋ถ๋ถ์ ๊ณตํฌ์ฆ
> **์ผ์ ํ **์กฐ๊ฑด์๊ทน(์ฃผ๋ก โ์ผ๊ฐ์ ๋๋ฃ์ ์ ์ ์ง์์โ)์ด ๋ฌด์กฐ๊ฑด์๊ทน(โ์ โ)์ ํญ์ ์ ํํ๋ฉด, ์ ์ฒด๋ ์กฐ๊ฑด์๊ทน์ ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ๋ก ์ค๋น๋ฐ์์ ํตํด **๋ฌด์กฐ๊ฑด์๊ทน์ ํจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ฎ์ถ๋ ค๊ณ ๋์ํ๋ค**(1์ ). ์ฃผ๊ฐ์๋ ์กฐ๊ฑด์๊ทน์ด ์๊ธฐ ๋๋ฌธ์ **์ ์ฒด๊ฐ ์ค๋น๋ฐ์์ ํ์ง ๋ชปํ์ฌ** ์ ์ ํฅ์ ํฌ๊ฒ ๋ฐ๊ฒ ๋๋ค
> # ๊ณตํฌ
>
> ์ ์์ ํน์ง
>> - ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์๊ธฐ๊ณ fast
>> - ์ ์ํ์ง์ง ์์ long lasting
> ๋ณดํธ์ฑ - ๋๋ฌผ์ ๊ณตํฌํ์ตํจํด๊ณผ ์ ์ฌ
> ๋๊ฐ์ง ๊ณตํฌ
> 
>
### 1. Disgust ์ค์ผ(+ ๋น๋๋)์ ๋ํ ๊ณตํฌ
ex. ๋ง ํ์ค - ๋จ์ผ ์ํ์ ์ํด fastํ๊ฒ ์๊น
> cs-us ์๊ฐ ๊ฐ๊ฒฉ์ด ๋์๋ ์๊ธฐ๊ธฐ๊ฐ ์ฝ๋ค
> ๋ค๋ฅธ us์ cs์ฐ๊ฒฐ๋๋ฉด - ์ต์ํ ๊ฑฐ๋ ์ฐ๊ฒฐ ์๋๋ค
### 2. Fear ์ ์ฒด ์์์ ๋ํ ๊ณตํฌ
๊ณตํฌ ๋๋ผ๋ ์ง๋ freezing behavior ๋ก ํ๋จํ๋ค : result of fear
> ๊ณตํฌ ์กฐ๊ฑดํ์ฑ - ur๋ฅผ ๋ณดํต ํต์ฆ ๋ง๋ค๊ฒ us ์ ๊ธฐ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ ์์ธ์ ๊ฐ์ ๊ฑฐ ์ค๋ค
# Conditioning bio
> 
> 
> **Hebbโs Rule / Hebbian Learning(association ์ฐํฉ) - When an axon of cell A repeatedly takes part in firing a cell B โ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ณํ spine, hormon rise, distance down**
โ metabolic changes = ์ญ์น ๋ฎ์์ง โ efficiency rise
์กฐ๊ฑดํ์ฑ์ ์๋ฌผํ์ ํด์
> learning ์ผ๋ก connection ๊ฐํ๋ ์๋ ์์ง๋ง ์ฝํ weakening ๋๊ธฐ๋ ํ๋ค
> ### FireTogether, WireTogether
> ๊ณตํฌ๋จ์ ๊ธฐ์ต์ค์ด๋ผ๋ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ
> **Us ์ CS์ฌ์ด์**
> NDMA ์์ฉ๊ธฐ (synaptic coincidence detector) - coincidence ๋ฐ๊ฒฌํ๋ฉด ca2+ ๋ก ์ ๊ฒฝ์ ๋ฌ ์ฅ๊ธฐ๋ณํ ์ ๋ (ex. ltp, ltd)
> 
> ๋ค์ํ ํ๋ฌธ๋ถ์ผ ์์ด์ node = representation = area = neuron
# Amygdala - ํธ๋์ฒด
> ๋ง๋ธ์์
๋ ์์ ํธ๋์ฒด ์๋ ์
๋น
> ์ธก๋์ฝ ์ ๊ฑฐ๋๋ฉด ์ ์ ๋งน psychic blindness
>> ex. Robogator Experiment
> 
## **ํธ๋์ฒด์ ๊ธฐ๋ฅ**
### 1. ๊ณตํฌ ํ์ง
**๋๊ฐ์ง ๊ฒฝ๋ก**
> - high road - Slow and analytic - crude signals priming system โ ํ๋จ (ํ๋จ์ด์ ์ ๊ณตํฌ)
> - low road - Quick and dirty - refer .๊ณต๊ฐ์ฃผํ์ - ์์์์ ํธ๋์ฒด๋ก shortcut ์๋ค - ์๊ฐ ๋ง๊ณ ๋ ์ ๋ถ shortcut (์ข์ฐ๋ ๋ถ๋ฆฌํด์ ๋ณด์ฌ์ฃผ์ด๋)
**๊ณตํฌ ์ ํ priming of fear **- ํธ๋์ฒด๋ ์ฃผ๋ณ ํ๊ฒฝ์ ๋ํด ๊ฒฝ๊ณ ์ํ๋ฅผ ์ ์งํ๊ณ ๊ณตํฌ ๋จ์๋ฅผ ํ์งํ๋ค by ์ ์ ๋ฌด์์์ ๊ณตํฌํ์ง
๊ณต๋ง eyewhite, sclera - ํฐ์์ ๋ง์๊ฑฐ โ fear ํ์ ๋์ ๋ง์ด ๋ํ๋จโ ํธ๋์ฒด ์์ํ์๋ ๋์ ๋ณด์ง ์๋๋ค (๋ค๋ฅธํ์ ์ ํ์งํ์ง๋ง ๋์ด ์ค์ํ ํ์ ํ์ง ๋ชปํจ)
**๊ฒฐ๋ก - ๊ณตํฌ๋ ๋ฌด์์์ ์์ญ - ํธ๋์ฒด๋ ๊ณตํฌ๋จ์ ํ์งํ์ฌ ๋ค๋ฅธ ๋ ์์ญ์ ์๋ ค ์ฃผ์๋ฅผ ๋๋ฆฐ๋ค**
> Masking paradigm - ์ฐจํ - ์งง๊ฒ ์ ์๋ ์ฝํ ์ ๋ณด์ ๊ฐ๊ฐ์ฒ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ ๋ฐ๋ก ๋ค๋ฐ๋ผ ์ ์๋ ์ ๋ณด์ ์ํด ๋ฐฉํด๋ฅผ ๋ฐ๋ ๊ฒ (์์์ฐ๊ตฌ์ ์ ์ฉ)
### 2. ๊ณตํฌ ํ์ต
> ๊ณตํฌ์กฐ๊ฑดํ์ฑ์ด ํธ๋์ฒด๊ฐ ์์๋๋ฉด ์ผ์ด๋์ง ์์
> ํธ๋์ฒด ์์ - cs์ ์ค๋น๋ฐ์์ด ์ผ์ด๋์ง ์๋๋ค(๊ณตํฌ x) - ๋จ์๊ฐ ๋ญ์ง ์๋ค
> ํด๋ง์์ ํ์ - cs์ ์ค๋น๋ฐ์์ ์ผ์ด๋จ - ๋จ์๊ฐ ๋ญ์ง ๋ชจ๋ฆ
>> ํผ๋ถ์ ๋๋ฐ์- like freezing behavior
>> ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ๋ฐ์ผ๋ฉด ๊ณตํฌ๋ฐ์ Skin Conductance Response =Galvanic Skin Response ๊ฑฐ์ง๋งํ์ง๊ธฐ ์๋ฆฌ
> 
**๊ณตํฌ์ ์ฌํ์ ํ์ต - ๋ค๋ฅธ์ฌ๋์ด ์ด๋ค๊ฑฐ ๊ณตํฌ ๋๋ผ๋๊ฑฐ ๋ณด๊ณ ๋๋ ๋๋ **
๋๋ฆฌํ์ต - viacarious learning - observational conditioning - ๋ ํธ๋์ฒด์์ ๋ด๋น
# ํธ๋์ฒด์ ์์์คํ์ค
์ฌ์ด์ฝํจ์ค < ์์์คํจ์ค ์ฌ๋ฆฌํ์ ์ฉ์ด๋ก์ ์ ํจ - ์ฌ๋ ์ ์ด ์ ๋ณด ๋ถ์กฑ ์์จ๊ฒจ์
์ฌํ์ ์ผ๋ก ๋ถ์ ์ ์ธ ์ฌ๊ฑด์ ์ผ์ผํค๋๊ฒ
** ๋ณดํต ํธ๋์ฒด ๋ถ์น๊ฐ ์๊ณ ํ์ฑํ๊ฐ ์์ผ๋ฉด โ antisocial**
๊ณตํฌ๊ฐ ์ฌํํ๋์์๋ ์ค์ํ ์ดํ ์ ํ๋ค๋ ๊ฒ์ ์ ์ ์๋ค - ๊ณตํฌํ์ต์ ๊ณต๊ฐ๋ฅ๋ ฅ
# ๊ธฐ์ต ์ ์ด
> ์ ์ ์์กฐ์์ผ๋ก lmd์์ฉ๊ธฐ ํ์ฑํ ์ํค๋ฉด ๊ธฐ์ต ์ํด์ ์ฐํฉ์ ๊ฒฝ๋ง ๋ ๋๋ค ๋ณด๋ ๊ณตํฌ ์ํ์ง
> ๊ฒฝํ์ด ์ฐํฉ ์ ๊ฒฝ๋ง์ ์ ๋ฐ์๋๊ฒ ํ๊ธฐ (transgenic)
> ์กฐ๊ฑด ํ์ฑ๋ ํฌ๊ธฐ๋ ํฌ๊ณ ๊ณตํฌ์กฐ๊ฑด๋ ์๊ฑฐ๋ ๋น ๋ฅด๋ค ()
> ### ์๊ฑฐ - ๋จ์๋ง ์ฃผ์ด์ง๋ฉด
> 
>
| 0e1d58bac23f4f82aa5a6a9a474666e9 |
|
Reinforce | null | null | null | null | null | null |
## ๊ฐ์ฑ, ์ต๊ด์ ์์ธ - ํ๋์ด ๋ํ๋๊ณ ์ ์ง๋๋ ์๋ฆฌ
> **ํจ๊ณผ์ ๋ฒ์น** - ํ๋์ ๊ฐ๋(๋น๋, ์ง์์๊ฐ)์ ๊ทธ ํ๋์ด ์ ๋ฐํ๋ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ ํจ์์ด๋ค
> **(โ puzzle box of thorndike)**
> ์งํ๋ก ์ ์ค๋ช
- ๋ค์ ํ๋ํ ์ง ๋ง์ง ํ๋ ๋์ด๋ ์ค์ด๋
>> ์ข
๊ต๋ ๋ณด์์ ์ป๊ธฐ ์ํ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ์ ๋ชจ๋ฅผ ๋ ์ผ์ด๋๋ ๋น๋
ผ๋ฆฌ์ ์ํ์ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฌผ
> 
can make verbal behabior, ๋ฏธ์ ํ๋
> (parsimonious explanation ๊ฒฝ์ ์ ์ค๋ช
- william of occam ์ค์ปด์ ๋ฉด๋๋ ) by behaviorism in skinner box (์ ์ ๋ถ์ํ ๊ฒ์ฆ ๋ถ๊ฐ ํํ์ ๋๋ฆฝ(ํ๋ก์ดํธ)) - ๊ฐ๊ด์ ํ๋์ฃผ์
# Reinforce & punishment
### Skinner box - use dopamine system
**๊ฐํ๋ฌผ reinforcing stimulus **โ give dopamine (์ ๊ธฐ์๊ทน์ ์ค์ง ๋ํ๋ฏผ ๋ด๋ฐ์๋ง ์ค๋
์ฑ ์๋ค) ๋ํ๋ฏผ = ์ค๋
โ ๋ชฉํ์ **์ฌ์ ํ๋** ์ ๋ํ ๊ฐํ๋ฅผ ํตํด ๋ชฉํํ๋ ๋ง๋ค๊ฒ ํจโ ๋ค์ํ๋์ผ๋ก ๊ฐํ ๋ณ๊ฒฝโ ์๋ํ๋๊ฑฐ์์ ๋ค์ ํ๋์ ์ข์ โ ์ฐ์ฐํ ๋ค์ํ๋์ค ๊ทธ ๋ค์ ํ๋ ๊น์ง ํ๋ฉด ๋ณด์ โ recursion โ(์ผ๋ จ์ ํ๋์ ํ๋์ผ๋ก ํฉ์ณ์ง)
> **1์ฐจ ๊ฐํ๋ฌผ - **ex. ๋จน์ด๋ก ๋ฐ๋ก ๋ํ๋ฏผ ์ฃผ๋๊ฑฐ
> **2์ฐจ๊ฐํ๋ฌผ **- 1์ฐจ์ ๋นํด์ ํจ๊ณผ์ - limit ๊ฐ ์๋ค ๋ฐฐ๋ถ๋ฌ๋
> ์ธกํต์ ์ ๊ธฐ์๊ทน โ ๋ํ๋ฏผ
## ๋ํ๋ฏผ ๋ด๋ฐ - ๊ธ์ ์ฌ๋ฆฌํ์์ ์์ฃผ ์ค์
๋ณด์์์ธก ์ฌ = ์ค์ ๋ณด์ - ๊ธฐ๋์น
์ ์ ์ด์ ์๋ ๋ณด์์๊ธฐ์ ๋ํ๋ฏผ ๋์ด
**์ ์ ์ดํ์๋ ์์ธก์๊ธฐ์๋ง ๋ํ๋ฏผ ๋์ด**
์์ธก๊ณผ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋ค๋ฅด๋ฉด **๋ํ๋ฏผ ๋ ๋ง์ด ๋ถ๋น๋๊ณ **์์ธ์ฐพ๊ธฐ ์์ โ (์์ธก์ ํ์ฌ ๋ํ๋ฏธ ์ป๊ณ ์์ธก๊ณผ ๋ค๋ฅธ ๋ณด์ ์ป๊ธฐ)
๋ํ๋ฏผ ๋ด๋ฐ์ ํ๋์ ๋ณด์์ด ์ฃผ๋ โ์พ๋ฝโ์ ๋ฐ์ํ๋ ๊ฒ์ด ์๋๋ผ ๋ณด์์ ์ฃผ๋ ํ๋์ ๋ฐ๋ณตํ๋ ค๋ โ๋๊ธฐโ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ์ํ๋ค(inform reward value) - ์งํ๋ก ์ ์ค๋ช
# punishment
๊ณตํฌ์ ์ฐ๊ด๋๋ ํน์ ์ํฉ์ ๋ค๊ฐ๊ฐ๋ ํ๋์ด ์ฒ๋ฒ๋ฐ๋ ์ํฉ
**์ฐ์ธ์ฆ - ๋ชจ๋ ์ํฉ์์ ์ข์ = ํ์ต๋ ๋ฌด๊ธฐ๋ ฅ at ์๋ณต ์์ (shutle box) **
ex. ๋ฒ์น์ฃผ์
**์๋ฐ์ฑ (contingency) ์ง๊ฐ - ๋ฏธ์ ํ๋**
ํ๋์ด ๋ณด์์ ์๋ฐํ๋ค๋ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์ง๊ฐ โ ํจ๊ณผ์ ๋ฒ์น์ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ๊ฐ์
## ์์์ ๋ํผ์ง orbitofrontalcortex
ํผ๋์ค ๊ฒ์ด์ง ์์ ๋ถ์ โ ๊ฐ์ ์์ด์ง (์ ๋์ฝ ์ ์ ์ โ ๋ฌด๊ธฐ๋ ฅ, ๊ฐ์ **์กฐ์ ๋ชป**ํจ)
**๋ฏธ๋ ์๊ฐ ๋ชปํจ **โ (์ ์ธ์ต์ )
> ์ถฉ๋ ์ต์ ,๋ณด์๊ณผ ์ฒ๋ฒ์ ๋ฐ๋ผ ํ๋ ์์ ๋ฅผ ๋ชปํด์ โ
>> ์ฌํ ์ฌํ์ ์๋จ์ ์์ฌ๊ฒฐ์ ์ด์ฉ ํ๋๋ฐ 1์ฐจ์์ ๋ง (์ฌํ์ ์ ๋ชปํจ)
>> ์๋ฐ์ฑ ์ง๊ฐ ๊น์ง๋ง ์ฌ์ฉํ๋๊ณผ ๋ชจ๋ฐฉํ๋ํ์ฌ ์ฌํ์ ์ ๋ชปํจ
>> ์์์ ๋ ํผ์งํ๋ฉด 2๊ฐ์ง ํ๋์ ์์ด ๋ณด์ ์ฒ๋ฒ์ ๋ฐ๋ผ๋ง ํ๋ํ๋ค
### kohlberg์ ๋๋๋ฐ๋ฌ ๋จ๊ณ - ํ์ฒ์ ์ฌํ ๋ณ์ง
> ํ์ธ์ฆ ์ด์ผ๊ธฐ
>> - 1์์ค - ์ ์ธ์ต์ - ์ฒ๋ฒ ํํผ/์๊ธฐ์๊ตฌ์ถฉ์กฑ
>> - 2 ์์ค - ์ธ์ต์ - ํ์ธ ์์ , ์ง์ - ๋ฒ์น์ฃผ์
>> - 3์์ค - ํ์ธ์ต์ - ์ฌํ๊ณ์ฝ, ๋ณดํธ์ค๋ฆฌ ์งํฅ
> 
์ด๋ก ์ ๋ค์ - ๋๋ํ๋จ๊ณผ ์๊ฐํ๋จ์ ์ํ ํ๋์ ๋ค๋ฅธ๊ฒ์ ๊ณ ๋ ค์ํจ | b3d2faf0bd4a4ceab9d3f631d390e39e |
Social Factor | Positive Psychology Topics | Nov 5, 2019 | null | null | null |
# Extraverion
Both quantity & quality of social relationships matter - Key difference between extraverts/introverts
- in the quantity of social relationships and time
- Introverts do NOT have โdeeperโ relationships than extraverts
<details><summary>
Why Extraverts happy</summary>
- cheerful disposition
- high quantity of social interaction
> socially โfearlessโ
- high activity level
> โmoveโ body & spirit
- More focus on โgainsโ than โlossโ
> more sensitive to rewards than punishments/costs
</details>
> Even act extravert make us happy - introverts' predict false
> correctness of extravert is higher to (NA/PA) all
# Social interaction
**Sheer amount of social interaction - **correlated to SWB
**Week(**casual)** tie relation - ** important than strong tie when less strong tie interaction (even to strangers)
<details><summary>
Experience</summary>
Three condition - connection, solitude, control
- Prediction: Solitude > Connection
- Actual experience: Connection > Solitude (also true for Introverts)
</details>
> Collectivism has narrow trust radius โ probably lowers interactions with โweak tiesโ (need socially โfearlessโ)
**but daily time spent socially & happiness reaches a โsatiationโ point**
# Activity level
Activity level correlated to happiness โ idleness is pain
- experiment require to choose between in-front candy and far-away candy
underestimated NA by do nothing โ idleness
> idleness is so powerful so it is sometimes defined as motivation of most behavior
# Cognitive Styles, Beliefs
Another predictor of SWB, besides temperament & personality
However, more chance to change
### Optimism <-> Pessimist
tendency to believe things will happen in life as good - by genetic reason to fast recover (ex. self-efficacy)
- most people has optimism โ Physically & Psychologically, optimists do well to human
- โpositive illusionsโ are prevalent (especially in Western cultures) - illusion of (have) control (self-overestimate)
- even to near person and friends, even beyond cognition either
<details><summary>
**Why do better**</summary>
- try things pessimists normally wouldnโt - try harder โ expecting to succeed
- **different future self-investment patterns **- Pessimists, compared to optimists, spread their time/resources around multiple domains โ ultimately, hurting their chances of succeeding in any single domain (become generalist - optimist become specialist)
</details>
> But over optimism may get future depression
### Social Comparison
Key cognition Style of unhappy person
- enjoy absolute value - enjoy relative value
- Attending primarily to oneโs own outcomes, acknowledging othersโ successes without envy seems to offer a better prescription for well-being
| 2edf5a2fdd124b22bd4ec35eadb7aea8 |
|
Worthy of happiness | Positive Psychology Topics | Nov 5, 2019 | null | null | null | [Happiness](https://texonom.com/happiness-c5af5db857e141929c47d83777209c15) |
### Eric Wilson - melancholia is necessary for any thriving culture
### Common question - what and how 'to be' happy
### latest question - what does it bring 'by' happiness
<details><summary>
worthy(result of happiness) is definitely overwhelming **YES**</summary>
productivity, social relation, better recover, longevity (healthy) - positive outcomes
</details>
### So happiness bread life, than reverse
> **Nun study **- happiness & longevity
> immune system reinforced if happiness
> happy make Love heals wounds, literally
### happy make Altruistic
Misunderstanding of happiness is selfish but more close to altruistic - generous and altruistic - good at virtue place
## Requirements
### Sufficient variable - do not exist
### Necessary variable - Big Two exist
1. **Extraversion, **low Neuroticism (personality) - hard to change
> 
> refer big 5 personality
>
2. **Social Relationship **- peer rating is meaningful - relatively easy to change
> 
> **peer rating is important in social relationship**
## Summary
Aristotle's legacy is intuitively appealing, but scientifically problematic
And Objective life condition is like ice cream
Social Experience Really Matters
not good for exist - it is necessary
| ee4b1e504d3c4e89afc5ed6522d6abf0 |
Trait Gratitude | Gratitude | null | null | null | null | null |
๊ฐ์ฌ๊ธฐ์ค์น
๊ฐ์ฌ์ผ๊ธฐ๊ฐ ๊ฐ์ฅ ์ฝ๊ฒ ์ฌ๋ฆฌ๋๋ฒ
| 9a0a8877ed054dd58e587031420b93e2 |
Bootstrap Paradox | Paradoxes | Nov 14, 2021 | null | null | null |
> [Johnny B. Goode - Back to the Future (9/10) Movie CLIP (1985) HD](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S1i5coU-0_Q&t=4s)
> [๋ถํธ์คํธ๋ฉ ํจ๋ฌ๋
์ค](https://muchunrang.tistory.com/5)
| 7f6cabe729064a499acb75dab1af5e16 |
|
Slippery Slope | Paradoxes | May 5, 2021 | null | null | null |
### ๊ฐ์ ๋ณด๋ค ์ผ์ด๋ ์ผ์ ๋ํ ํด์์ผ๋ก ์ด๋ฃจ์ด์ ธ์ผ
๊ทธ๋ด๋ฏํ ๋
ผ๋ฆฌ์ **์ฐ์**์** **๋๋ถ๋ถ ๋น๋
ผ๋ฆฌ๋ก ์ด์ด์ง๋ค
informal fallacy ์ค ํ๋
๋ฏธ๋๋ฌ์ด ๊ฒฝ์ฌ๋ฉด์ ์ค๋ฅ
๋ฐ์ฌ์ค์ ๊ฐ์ ์ ์ฐ์์ ์ผ๋ก ๋ฒํ ๊ฒ
๋ง์ผ ์ฌํ์ ๋๋ฅผ ํ์งํ๋ฉด ๋ฒ์ ์ต๊ณ ํ์ ๋ฌด๊ธฐ์ง์ญ์ด ๋๋ค. ๊ทธ๋ฌ๋ฉด ๊ฐ์ข
ํ์
๋ฒ์ฃ๊ฐ ๋ ํํฌํด์ง๋ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ก ์ด์ด์ง๊ณ ์ด ๋๋ฌธ์ ๊ตญ๊ฐ์ ์น์์ ํฌ๊ฒ ๋ถ์ํด์ง๋ค. ๋ฐ๋ผ์ ์ฌํ์ ํ์ง๋ ๊ตญ๊ฐ ์น์์ ํผ๋์ ์ผ๊ธฐํ๋ค.
์ ์น ๋ฉด์์ ๊ทน๋จ์ฃผ์์๋ค์ด ์ด๋ฐ ์ค๋ฅ๋ฅผ ์ผ์ผํค๋ ๊ฒฝ์ฐ๊ฐ ๋ง๋ค
> [Untitled](https://namu.wiki/w/%EB%85%BC%EB%A6%AC%EC%A0%81%20%EC%98%A4%EB%A5%98/%EB%B9%84%ED%98%95%EC%8B%9D%EC%A0%81%20%EC%98%A4%EB%A5%98)
| d8e57d7d3b7a4d26a152403dac1d281e |
|
Sorites paradox | null | null | null | null | null | null |
## Paradox of the heap
๋ชจํธํ ์ ์ด๊ฐ ์ฐ์์ ๋ฐ๋ผ ๋ฐ์ํ๋ ํจ๋ฌ๋
์ค
๋๋ฏธ๋ ์๋ค - ๋ช
ํํ ๊ธฐ์ค์ด ์๋ ์ธ์ด์ ํน์ฑ
"์๋๋ฏธ"๋ ๋ง์ ์ฐ์ง ์๋ ๋์ ๋ฌด์กฐ๊ฑด "์ n์"์ด๋ผ๋ ๋ง๋ง ์ฐ๊ฒ ํ๋ฉด ๋ฌธ์ ๋ ํด์
์๋๋ฏธ ๋๋จธ๋ฆฌ์ ์ญ์ค
[Ship of Theseus](https://texonom.com/ship-of-theseus-1f6dd38ee2b7440499741351865a30fc)
[Induction Problem](https://texonom.com/induction-problem-18c6b500af09416781ca0e684581e462)
> [Untitled](https://namu.wiki/w/%EB%8D%94%EB%AF%B8%EC%9D%98%20%EC%97%AD%EC%84%A4)
| 2749dad54b2b47f4a2736f0336cecbcd |
Veridical Paradox | Paradoxes | Apr 18, 2023 | null | null | null |
> [The medical test paradox, and redesigning Bayes' rule](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lG4VkPoG3ko)
| 6bc756e81bf14c49b35343b8c4ba8a28 |
|
Induction Problem | Sorites paradox | null | null | null | null | null |
๊ณ ์ ์ ์ธ ์ฒ ํ์ ์๋ฏธ์์ ์ดํด๋๋ ์ง์์ ์ฆ๊ฐ, ์ฆ ๋จ์ํ ๊ด์ฐฐ์ ์งํฉ์์ ๋ฒ์ด๋ ์ง์์ ์ฆ๊ฐ์ ๋ํ ์ ๋น์ฑ์ด ๋ฌด์์ธ์ง์ ๋ํ ์ฒ ํ์ ์ธ ์ง๋ฌธ
1. ํด๋น ์งํฉ์ ํน์ ๊ฐ์ฒด์ ๋ํ ๋ช ๊ฐ์ง ๊ด์ฐฐ์ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ์ผ๋ก ๊ฐ์ฒด ์งํฉ์ ์์ฑ์ ๋ํด ์ผ๋ฐํ ๋๋
2. ๋ฏธ๋์ ์ผ๋ จ์ ์ฌ๊ฑด์ด ํญ์ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์ ๊ฐ์ด ๋ฐ์ํ ๊ฒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ ์ ์ ํ๋ ๊ฒ
> [๊ท๋ฉ์ ๋ฌธ์ - ์ํค๋ฐฑ๊ณผ, ์ฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋์ ๋ฐฑ๊ณผ์ฌ์ ](https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B7%80%EB%82%A9%EC%9D%98_%EB%AC%B8%EC%A0%9C)
| 18c6b500af09416781ca0e684581e462 |
Ship of Theseus | Sorites paradox | null | null | null | null | null |
### ์ฌ๋ฌผ์ ๋ณํ๋ ๊ทธ ์ ์ฒด์ฑ์ ์ง์์ ๋ํ ํ์ด์ํ์ ๋ฌธ์
> [Untitled](https://namu.wiki/w/%ED%85%8C%EC%84%B8%EC%9A%B0%EC%8A%A4%EC%9D%98%20%EB%B0%B0)
| 1f6dd38ee2b7440499741351865a30fc |
Depth Psychologist | Psychoanalysis Notion | Nov 8, 2021 | null | null | null |
### 3๋ ์ฌ์ธต ์ฌ๋ฆฌํ์
### Depth Psychologists
|Title|
|:-:|
|[Carl Jung](https://texonom.com/carl-jung-bed5b03c345449e593ea77bd6638ec17)|
|[Sigmund Freud](https://texonom.com/sigmund-freud-b32654f3a1ca482db76b060dd63ee8a7)|
|[Alfred Adler](https://texonom.com/alfred-adler-45f6748c96e245dbb626c3407b743799)|
| de6200c5a0b040608c003b1606284b56 |
|
Unconsciousness | null | null | null | null | null | null |
## ๋ฌด์์
์ธ๊ฐ์ ๋ฌด์์์ ์ฒ ์ ํ ๋ํ๋ฏผ ์์คํ
์ ์ํด ์์ง์ด๋ ๋ก๋ด
ํ์์ ์ด ๋ก๋ด์ด ์ฌ๋ฐ๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉํฅ์ผ๋ก ์๋ํ๋๋ก ์ด์ฑ์ด ์๋ง๊ณผ ๋ํ๋ฏผ์ ๋ฆฌ๋ฏธํธ๋ฅผ ๊ณผ๋ํ์ง ์๋๋ก ์ ์กฐ์ ํด๋๊ธฐ
๋ฌด์์๊ณผ ์์์ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ๊ฐ ์ ๋์ ์ด๊ณ ๋ช
ํํ์ง ์๋ฏ ์น์ ํจ๊ณผ ์ณ์์ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ๋ ๋ช
ํํ์ง ์๋ค
| 57da7a10d882461ebfc3555dd2347ff2 |
***Alfred Adler*** | Depth Psychologists | Nov 8, 2021 | null | null | null |
์ฌ๋ฆฌ์น๋ฃ์ฌ๋ก์ ๊ฐ์ธ์ฌ๋ฆฌํ์ ์ฐฝ์์
[๋ฏธ์๋ฐ์ ์ฉ๊ธฐ](https://texonom.com/e4a5912c86974c38a92471076b340448)
| 45f6748c96e245dbb626c3407b743799 |
|
Carl Jung | Depth Psychologists | Nov 8, 2021 | null | null | null | bed5b03c345449e593ea77bd6638ec17 |
||
Sigmund Freud | Depth Psychologists | Nov 8, 2021 | null | null | null |
์ ์์ ๋ฌด์์(์๋์ฑ)
[Eros](https://texonom.com/eros-e20789a4b66848469e7b2b9352450a99)
[THANATOS](https://texonom.com/thanatos-5d3faaa928fa451db51379e2fcf24bf1)
๋๊ฐ์ง ์ถฉ๋
์ฌ๋๊ณผ ๋์์ ์ฆ์ค์ฌ
| b32654f3a1ca482db76b060dd63ee8a7 |
|
๋ฏธ์๋ฐ์ ์ฉ๊ธฐ | Alfred Adler | null | null | null | null | null |
[Hate](https://texonom.com/hate-608b619b42c7466b95ca849b2966ed64)
์ค์๋ฅผ ํ๋ ์ณฅ์ ์ ํจ๋ถ๋ฌ ๊น์ง ์๋ ์ฌ๋์ ๋ถ๋ด์ด ์๊ณ ํธํ๋ค
ํ์๊ณตํ, ๊ทธ๋ฅ ๋จ์ ์ํ์
์ฐ๊ธฐ์์ ํ์ง๋ง๋ผ ์ข์ํ์ง ์๋ ์ฌ๋ ์์์๋ ๋ฏธ์๋ฐ์ ์ฉ๊ธฐ๊ฐ ์๋ค๋ฉด ์ด๋ป๊ฒ ์ข์ํ๋ ์ฌ๋ ์์์ ์์งํ ๊ฑด๊ฐ
์์ํ ๋ชฉ์ ์ผ๋ก ํ์ธ์ ์ํ๋ ์ฌ๋
๋ฏธ์๋ฐ์ ์ฉ๊ธฐ๋ ์ฌ๋๋ฐ์ ์ฉ๊ธฐ
> [[๋ฏธ์๋ฐ์ ์ฉ๊ธฐ] 100๋ฒ ์ฝ์ ๊ฒ์ฒ๋ผ ๋ง๋ค์ด๋๋ฆผ](https://youtu.be/lKVCKmF5zn8)
| e4a5912c86974c38a92471076b340448 |
Eros | Sigmund Freud | null | null | null | null | null |
์๋ง
[Human Desire](https://texonom.com/human-desire-e038f3b9d1304ac1b58f9e0d75fa2618)
[Love](https://texonom.com/love-4a30d8d542584960a9c1ee6665bc1bd9) | e20789a4b66848469e7b2b9352450a99 |
THANATOS | Sigmund Freud | null | null | null | null | null |
์ฃฝ์์ ๋ณธ๋ฅ
| 5d3faaa928fa451db51379e2fcf24bf1 |
Ethics | Social psychology Notion | Apr 3, 2022 | null | null | null |
### ๋๋์ ์ฌ๋์ ๊ดํ ๊ฒ
๋ณํ๋ ๊ฒ์ ๊ท ํ์ ๋ง์ถ๊ธฐ ์ํด ํญ์ ๋ณํํด์ผ. ๋น ๋ฅผ์๋ก ๊ธธ์์ ๋ฒ์ด๋๋ ์๋ ฅ๋ ํฌ๋ค
๋๋์ ๋ฐ์ ์ด๋ฉฐ ํ๋ฑ์ด๊ณ ๊ฐ์ฑ์ด๋ฉฐ, ์ฒ ํ๋ ์๊ธฐ์ ์ด๊ณ ์์ ์ด๊ณ ์ด์ฑ์ด๋ค. ๋์ ํฉ์นํ๊ณ
๋์ด๋ค ๋ฐ์ ๊ฐ์น๊ฐ ์๋ ํ๋์ ํ๋ค. ๋์ ๋ฐ๋ ๊ฒ์ด๊ณ , ํ์ ์ป๋ ๊ฒ
### Ethics Notion
|Title|
|:-:|
|[Lie](https://texonom.com/lie-34e1cd05ca194d70930c9869525ecee4)|
์ค๋ฆฌ๋ ์๋์ ๋ฐ๋ผ ๊ธฐ์ ์ ๋ฐ๋ผ ๋ฐ๋๊ณ ์๋์ ์ด๋ค. ์ฐจ์์ด ๊ฐ์ ๊ณณ์์ ์ค์ ์ ์ฐพ๋ ๊ฒ์ด ๊ณง ์ค๋ฆฌ์ด๋ค. ๊ฐ์น๊ด ์ฐจ์ ๋ค๋ฅด๋ฉด ์ด์ํ ์ ์๋ค. ex์์ ์ผ๋ก ๋จ๋
์น๊ตฌ๊ด๊ณ ์ธ์ ์ ์ฐจ์ด ๋ฐ์ํ ์๋ ์๋ค์์ ์ด ๊ธฐ๋ถ ๋์ ๋ ์๋๋ ๊ธฐ๋ถ๋์๊ฒ ํ๊ณ ์ถ์ ์ฌ๋ ์๋๋ ๊ธฐ๋ถ ์๋์๊ฒ ํ๊ณ ํ ์ฌ๋๊ธฐ๋ถ๋์ ์์ ์ ๋ ํ๋๋ ์ฌ๋ ์์ ์ ์ถ์๋ฅผ ์ค ์๋ ์ฌ๋์๋๊ฐ ๊ธฐ๋ถ ๋์ ๋ ๊ธฐ๋ถ ์๋์๊ฒ ํ๊ณ ์ถ์ ์ฌ๋ ๋ ํ๋๊ฒ ํ๊ณ ํ ์ฌ๋์๋๊ฐ ๊ธฐ๋ถ ์ข์ ๋ ์์ข๊ฒ ๋ง๋ค๊ณ ์ถ์ ์ฌ๋ ์๋๊ฐ ์ข์ ๋ ๋ ์ข๊ฒ ๋ง๋ค๊ณ ์ถ์ ์ฌ๋์๋๊ฐ ๊ธฐ๋ถ ์ข์ ๋ ์์ข์ ์ฌ๋ ์ข์ ์ฌ๋ ๋ด๊ฐ ๊ธฐ๋ถ ์ข์ ๋ ์๋๋..๋ฐฉํฅ์ฑ์ด ์ค์ํ๋ค
์๋ก ์ต๋ ์๋๋ก ์ต์ ํฉ ๋์ ์๋์ ๋น๊ต๋ ์๋ฏธ์๋ณดํต ์ฌ๋๋ค์ ์์ ์ ๊ธฐ์ค์ผ๋ก ์๋์ ์ผ๋ก ์๊ฐํ๊ธฐ์ ์์ ์ ์์น๋ฅผ ์ ๋ชจ๋ฅธ๋ค๊ทธ๋ฌ๋๊น ๋ฐฉํฅ์ด ์ค์ ์์ ์๋ค๊ณ ๋์ด๋ด๋ฆฌ์ง ๋ง๊ณ ๋ด๊ฐ ์์ง์ด๊ณ ๊ฐ์ด ์ฌ๋ผ๊ฐ์์๊ณ ์ถ์ ๊ฒ ์๋ ค์ฃผ๊ณ ์ถ์๊ฒ ์ฃผ์ฒด๊ฐ ๊ธฐ์ค์ด๋ค.
๋ด๊ฐ ๋ฐ๋๋๋ก ๋ง๋๋ ์ฌ๋ ๊ทธ ์ฌ๋์ด ๊ธ์ ์๋๋ผ๊ฒ ๋งํ๊ธฐ ๋ถ์ ๋๋ผ๋๋ก ๋งํ๊ธฐโํ์ธ์ ํ๋์ ๋ํด ๋ค๋ฅธ ํด์์ด ๊ฐ๋ฅํ๋ค๋ฉด ์ฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ ์ค์ค๋ก ๋น๋นํ๋ค๊ณ ์๊ฐํ๋ ํ๋๋ค์ ๋ํด์๋๋ถ์ ์ ์ธ ํด์์ด ๊ฐ๋ฅํด์ง๋ค.โ๋๋ฌด๋๋ ๋์๋ ๋ค๋ฅธ ์ฌ๋์๊ฒ๋, ๊ตฌํ์ฌ ์ดํด๋ฅผ ๋ฐ๋ผ์ง๋, ์ดํด๋ฅผ ์ํค๋ ค ํ์ง๋ ์๊ฒ๋๋ค์์คํด๋ ํ์ฐ์ ์ธ๊ฒ์ปดํจํฐ๊ฐ์ ํํ๊ณผ ์คํด๋ฅผ ์์๋ด๊ณ ํ๋ ค๋ ๋
ธ๋ ฅ์๊ฐ์ฅ์ ์ธ๋ง์ด ์์ ๋ํ ํธ๊ฒฌ์ ๊ฐ์ง์ง ์์ ์ ์๋ค.๊ทธ์ฌ๋์ด ์ด์์จ ์ธ์์ด ์๋๊ฒ์ด๊ณ ๋ด๊ฐ ์ด์์จ ์ธ์๋ณด๋ค ๊ธธ ์๋ ์์ผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ทธ ์ธ์์ด ๊ทธ ์ฌ๋์๊ฒ ๋ฏธ์น ์ํฅ์ํ์ธ์ด ๋ณํ์ํฌ ์ ์๋ ๋ฒ์ฃผ์ผ์๋ ์์ผ๋.
๋๋ ๊ฐ์ธ์ด๊ธฐ์ ๋ชจ๋ ๊ฒ์ ๋ฌผ๋ก ์ด๊ณ ์ต๊ณ ์ ๊ฒ์ ๊ฐ์ง ์๋ ์๋ค. ํ์ง๋ง ๊ฐ์ธ์ด๊ธฐ์ ์์ข์ ๊ฒ์ ์ ํํ์ง ์์ ์ ์๊ณ ๋ค๋ฅธ ์ด๋ค์๊ฒ ์ข์ ๊ฒ๋ง์ ์ค ์๋ ์๋ค.
| ea8ff56736ba410f9d9f613820cbe665 |
|
**Need for affiliation** | Social psychology Notion | Jun 27, 2022 | null | null | null | [Community](https://texonom.com/community-d900655d7b0744a988b27ee2260f4dc4) [SNS](https://texonom.com/sns-d4276094486a47c1a20f0abc2dd0fda6) |
## **N-Affil**
> [Need for affiliation - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Need_for_affiliation)
| 28c33aa82cb5467a824aa31b7279d1a2 |
Path Dependence | Social psychology Notion | Sep 20, 2020 | null | null | null |
### ๊ฒฝ๋ก์์กด์ฑ
์คํ ํผ๋ ๋ํ์ ํด ๋ฐ์ด๋น๋ ๊ต์์ ๋ธ๋ผ์ด์ธ ์์ ๊ต์๊ฐ ์ฃผ์ฐฝํ ๊ฐ๋
ํ ๋ฒ ์ผ์ ํ ๊ฒฝ๋ก์ ์์กดํ๊ธฐ ์์ํ๋ฉด ๋์ค์ ๊ทธ ๊ฒฝ๋ก๊ฐ ๋นํจ์จ์ ์ด๋ผ๋ ์ฌ์ค์ ์๊ณ ๋ ์ฌ์ ํ ๊ทธ ๊ฒฝ๋ก๋ฅผ ๋ฒ์ด๋์ง ๋ชปํ๋ ๊ฒฝํฅ์ฑ
์ธ๊ฐ์ ๊ฒ์ผ๋ฆ์ ์ ์ค๋ช
> [๊ผญ ์์๋ฌ์ผ ํ๋ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ๋งํ ์ธ๊ฐ์ ๋ณธ์ฑ](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X-lyLmhj_Ys&t=553s)
| 4d29ea95b2f74098adfd70dd24c6a4e6 |
|
Rapport | null | null | null | null | null | null |
### ๋ผํฌ๋ฅด
์ฌ๋๊ณผ ์ฌ๋์ฌ์ด์ ์๊ธฐ๋ ์ํธ์ ๋ขฐ๊ด๊ณ
> [์๋์์ ๋ผํฌ๋ฅด(rapport)๋ฅผ ํ์ฑํ๋ ค๋ฉด ๋ฐฑํธ๋ํน ํ์ด์ฑ์ ํด๋ผ](https://m.blog.naver.com/PostView.nhn?blogId=soreemart&logNo=40202020187&proxyReferer=https:%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2F)
> [๋ผํฌ๋ฅด](https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%9D%BC%ED%8F%AC%EB%A5%B4)
| 3fb684f86449440a98aa2054695e6e3d |
Small Brother | null | null | null | null | null | null |
์๋ฏผ ๋
์ฌ
ํ๋๋ ์๋ฏผ๋
์ฌ๊ฐ ์ผ์ด๋๊ณ ๊ทธ๊ฑด ๋ด์ฌ๋ ๋๋์ ์ฐ์๊ฐ์์ ์จ๋ค
๋ค๋ฅธ ์ฌ๋์ ์ํ์ ์ดํด๋ชปํ๋ ๊ฒ์ ์ง๋จ๊ฐ์ฑ์ผ๋ก ๊ฒ์ดํจ
> [์ฃผํ - ์๋ฏผ ๋
์ฌ์ ์๋](https://www.twitch.tv/noizemasta/clip/CuteNeighborlyPelicanSMOrc?filter=clips&range=30d&sort=time)
| c79eb5793cda44c0975b24cf05b50b1c |
Spotlight Effect | Social psychology Notion | Jul 27, 2022 | null | null | null |
๋ค๋ฅธ์ฌ๋๋ค์ด ์์ ์๊ฒ ์ค์ ๋ณด๋ค ๋ ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ ๊ฑฐ๋ผ ๋ฏฟ์
| fa3eca13ed7a45f186b25c10c307b127 |
|
Subliminal stimuli | Social psychology Notion | Apr 3, 2022 | null | null | null | [Marketing Method](https://texonom.com/marketing-method-4e90ce13241a440cb4b5b0c6a2d97b4a) [Unconsciousness](https://texonom.com/unconsciousness-57da7a10d882461ebfc3555dd2347ff2) |
### Below threshold
์ฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ ๋ญ๊ฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์งํ๊ณ ๊ทธ๊ฒ์ ๋ํ ํ๋จ์ ๋ด๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ ์ ์ ์ด๋ฏธ ๊ฐ์งํ ๊ฒ์ ์๋ฏธ
์ ์ฌ์์์ ํธ์
ํจ๊ณผ์ ๋ํด์๋ ์๊ฒฌ์ด ๋ถ๋ถ
๋ณดํต ๋ฒ์ผ๋ก ๊ธ์งํจ
> [Subliminal stimuli - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subliminal_stimuli)
> [Untitled](https://namu.wiki/w/%EC%84%9C%EB%B8%8C%EB%A6%AC%EB%AF%B8%EB%84%90)
| cc8fc735db8340af939fc43b6c0cd0e3 |
Lie | Ethics Notion | Nov 5, 2019 | null | null | null |
๊ฑฐ์ง๋ง์ ์๋ฒฝํ๊ฒ ์ํ๋๊ฑด ์ธ๊ฐ์ผ๋ก์จ ๋ถ๊ฐ๋ฅํ๋ค ํ์ง๋ง ์ํ๋ ค๋ ์์ง๋ ์์ด์ผ
๋งํ๋ ๊ฑด ๋ชจ๋ ์ง์ค์ด์ด์ผ ํ์ง๋ง, ๋ชจ๋ ์ฌ์ค์ ๋งํ ํ์๋ ์๋ค - ๋ณผํ
๋ฅด
ํ๋ช
์ ์์ด๋ ๊ฒ๋ณด๋ค ์ฌ๋ฌ๋ช
์ ์์ด๋ ๊ฒ ์ฝ๋ค
๊ฑฐ์ง๋ง์ ํ๋ ๊ฑด ๋๋จํ ์ผ
> [Will Your Cheatin' Heart Tell on You? As Americans Lose Trust in Each Other, They're Turning to Tech to Detect Lies](https://www.theinformation.com/articles/will-your-cheatin-heart-tell-on-you-as-americans-lose-trust-in-each-other-theyre-turning-to-tech-to-detect-lies)
| 34e1cd05ca194d70930c9869525ecee4 |
|
Aerobic | Biology Terms | Sep 23, 2021 | Alan Jo | Alan Jo | Jun 25, 2023 |
์ ์ฐ์์
ํธ๊ธฐ์ฑ์
| cf300747244b481688a834ed91a9268d |
|
Anaerobic | Biology Terms | Sep 23, 2021 | Alan Jo | Alan Jo | Jun 25, 2023 |
ํ๊ธฐ์ฑ์
๋ฌด์ฐ์์
| 089e087a84154a84a44c74969c858348 |
|
Bio Hacking | Biology Terms | Nov 28, 2021 | Alan Jo | Alan Jo | Jun 25, 2023 |
### ํด์ปค๋ค์ด ์์คํ
์ย **ํดํน**ํ๋ฏ์ด, ์ฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชธ์ ๊ตฌ์๊ตฌ์ ํ์
ํ๊ณ ๋ฉด๋ฐํ๊ฒ ๋ถ์ํ๋ฉฐ ์์นํํ๋ ๊ฒ์ ์๋ฏธ
| b16538eb8bc84c61afa649e230ce5d09 |
|
Breath | Biology Topics | Aug 19, 2021 | Alan Jo | Alan Jo | Jun 25, 2023 |
์
๊ณผ ํ๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ์ณ ํผ๋ฅผ ํตํด ์ฐ์ ์ธํฌ์ ๊ณต๊ธ
> ์จ ํ๋ฒ๋น ์ฌ์ฅ 4๋ฒ ํ๊ท ์ ๋ชจ๋ ๋๋ฌผ
> [Scientists May Have Found a Way to Inject Oxygen Into The Bloodstream Intravenously](https://www.sciencealert.com/experimental-device-could-intravenously-deliver-oxygen-to-the-bloodstream)
| 30e913baf2b24c9eaded779aa46a4dee |
|
Biotechnology | Organism Notion | Jul 1, 2023 | Alan Jo | Alan Jo | Jul 1, 2023 |
### Biotechnology Notion
|Title|
|:-:|
|[Bioluminescence](https://texonom.com/bioluminescence-9e73fbeeea5d41b2a48ab7d451c14de4)|
| 8dee517a85dc4e01bbc6fd789595b4e9 |
|
Cell | Organism Notion | Jan 19, 2021 | Alan Jo | Alan Jo | Jun 25, 2023 |
## Speaker of Protein Language
### Cells
|Title|
|:-:|
|[Fat cell](https://texonom.com/fat-cell-3acfde2388bf41ada5f0e4b22fb95a65)|
|[Stem Cell](https://texonom.com/stem-cell-a96229f496974c9cacf94b90e31a3ca6)|
|[๊ธฐ์ต์ธํฌ](https://texonom.com/55bbad0b6b4545f2a417a09f43143fa5)|
### Cell Notion
|Title|
|:-:|
|[Mitochondria](https://texonom.com/mitochondria-12c148958a6a48d7a474f897556d99ed)|
|[Transparent Cell](https://texonom.com/transparent-cell-209d2374080247358880b0fd9a1e292c)|
|[Organoid](https://texonom.com/organoid-c1aeb7815d6d464884b522e6a2a3b569)|
|[HuBMAP](https://texonom.com/hubmap-fb9d5e20d0124673901575a4f37181f3)|
|[Cell signaling](https://texonom.com/cell-signaling-c54537a5ee794d1bb2067832e59948cb)|
> [Your Body Killed Cancer 5 Minutes Ago](https://youtu.be/zFhYJRqz_xk)
> [How Do Dead Things Become Alive?](https://youtube.com/watch?v=TYPFenJQciw&feature=shares)
| 4df3364c1fd14c4baa8da048c0fa400f |
|
Extinction | Organism Notion | Jul 20, 2023 | Alan Jo | Alan Jo | Jul 20, 2023 | d0a5923fb26244bfa264306d589feab3 |
||
Immortal | Organism Notion | Aug 4, 2021 | Alan Jo | Alan Jo | Jun 29, 2023 | [Human Body](https://texonom.com/human-body-331021d897334a6f99211c7ec6accba7) [Rejuvenated](https://texonom.com/rejuvenated-41db78441ebf46738feed9dda02d70c6) [Telomere](https://texonom.com/telomere-6d722621fa2a4edeaea6fa46d57f28a1) |
70์ธ ์ดํ ์ธ๊ฐ์ด ๋ง์ฑ์งํ์ผ๋ก ์ฌ๋งํ ๊ฐ๋ฅ์ฑ์ ๊ธ๊ฒฉํ๊ฒ ๋์์ ธ์. ์์ฐ์ด ์ฐ๋ฆฌ์๊ฒ ํ๋ฝํ ๊ฑด๊ฐ์๋ช
์ด 70 ์ ๋
์น๋ฃ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ์ผ๋ฉด์ ๊ณ ํต์ค๋ฝ๊ฒ ์ถ์ ์ฐ๋ช
ํ๋ ๊ฒ์ด ์์ฆ '์ฅ์'์ ๋ชจ์ต
์ธ๊ฐ ์คํ์ด ์ด๋ ค์ ๊ฐ์๊ฒ ์ ์ฉํด์ ๊ฒฝ์ ์ ์ผ๋ก ํ๋ ค๋ ์๋ ๋ง๋ค
๋ผํ๋ง์ด์ ๊ณผ GDF11 ์ด๋ผ๋ ๋จ๋ฐฑ์ง์ ํตํด์ ๋
ธํ๋ฅผ ๋ฆ์ถ๋ ค ํ๋ค
### Immortal Notion
|Title|
|:-:|
|[Longevity escape velocity](https://texonom.com/longevity-escape-velocity-6f89e1d8aae24d78957570948d9f06b0)|
|[๋ผํ๋ง์ด์ ](https://texonom.com/42d7bf69aea041bc8c6e4ee49df68c26)|
|[GDF11 ](https://texonom.com/gdf11-ea0a7826ad204ac49053c2d047fc2e9d)|
|[Rejuvenated](https://texonom.com/rejuvenated-41db78441ebf46738feed9dda02d70c6)|
|[longevity](https://texonom.com/longevity-f3ee8020eabc40d3a62cb1dbb39adc88)|
|[Cryonics](https://texonom.com/cryonics-767bb7ac9f0d423d949eb1847eecd111)|
### Immortal Foundation
|Title|
|:-:|
|[Calico Coor](https://texonom.com/calico-coor-9437e7ccbb1b472184f31fdef6167acf)|
|[๋ฏ๋์
๋ผ ์ฌ๋จ](https://texonom.com/9d78bf2517ba4f83bb7c82fc76628427)|
|[Unity Biotechnology](https://texonom.com/unity-biotechnology-839b7c1a45f84354a20a8bd214ee208e)|
|[Altos Labs](https://texonom.com/altos-labs-cb3474b182154113ab9688e2fcae4bec)|
|[Elevian](https://texonom.com/elevian-f99a81086de94bd7a642118f2079e1b2)|
> [The billion-dollar search for immortality](https://unherd.com/2023/06/the-billion-dollar-search-for-immortality/)
> [There's a Parasite That Triples Ants' Lifespansโฆ And It Actually Sounds Pretty Great](https://www.sciencealert.com/theres-a-parasite-that-triples-ants-lifespans-and-it-actually-sounds-pretty-great)
> [Anti-aging molecules safely reset mouse cells to youthful states](https://newatlas.com/health-wellbeing/anti-aging-molecules-reset-cells-youthful-states/)
> [A plant that 'cannot die' reveals its genetic secret](https://indianexpress.com/article/technology/science/welwitschia-plant-that-cannot-die-genetic-secret-7434368/?utm_source=tldrnewsletter)
> [Scientists Rewind The Clock of Human Skin Cells to Make Them Act 30 Years Younger](https://www.sciencealert.com/scientists-rewind-the-age-of-human-skin-cells-back-30-years)
> [Scientists Say They Found the Genes That Makes Immortal Jellyfish Immortal](https://futurism.com/the-byte/scientists-genes-immortal-jellyfish)
### Live Longer
> [This biotech startup says mice live longer after genetic reprogramming](https://www.technologyreview.com/2023/01/09/1066488/biotech-says-mice-live-longer-after-genetic-reprogramming/)
โ
| 5075782aa1d84f94977b6f604bb45dfc |
Phylogenetic Tree | Organism Notion | Jan 17, 2021 | Alan Jo | Alan Jo | Jul 9, 2023 | [Taxonomy](https://texonom.com/taxonomy-ad64055f4601438ea75cfd7eaa47f0d4) |
## ๊ณํต์
### Phylogenetic Tree Notion
|Title|
|:-:|
|[punctuated equilibrium](https://texonom.com/punctuated-equilibrium-8cfec76b27c1439bb5c5b8690b408e4b)|
|[phylectic gradualism](https://texonom.com/phylectic-gradualism-e87302f9ac2a46e78313a93a77a7f30b)|
|[์ญ๊ณ๋ฌธ๊ฐ๋ชฉ๊ณผ์กฑ์์ข
](https://texonom.com/2ca5f2a6934346a4b177fb410012b783)|
### ๊ณํต์์์ ๋ง์ ๋ถ๋ถ ์ด๋ฅ
> [์ฐ๋ฆฌ๋ ์ ๋ธ๊พน์ง์ ํ ๊น? (ft. ๋ฌผ๊ณ ๊ธฐ์์ ์ธ๊ฐ๊น์ง)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=flGoYav0F4k)
| 9a94bf70d45d4dd9823813fcce9cc79f |
Sense | Organism Notion | Jun 25, 2023 | Alan Jo | Alan Jo | Jun 25, 2023 | [Brain](https://texonom.com/brain-0892ca79db5f4dd681d449c097b28f21) |
### Senses
|Title|
|:-:|
|[See](https://texonom.com/see-50b23ed5e120406bae2eec2331ec1722)|
|[Smell](https://texonom.com/smell-cf5becd1cae44fb9bf16c87cfdf41ae4)|
| b0940a4f0bce41f187780131e04dbc21 |
Sex | Organism Notion | Apr 3, 2022 | Alan Jo | Alan Jo | Jun 25, 2023 | [Human Sex](https://texonom.com/human-sex-719d814225094590b4bd6cd687382b2a) |
### Sex Notion
|Title|
|:-:|
|[Contraception](https://texonom.com/contraception-d1cdc02e8069436f8c6d90bf58bc2483)|
|[Promiscuity](https://texonom.com/promiscuity-0fa863e16a264972997db982369b6ba9)|
|[Tantric Sex](https://texonom.com/tantric-sex-cab9e54d3b3146c085837f209947f2ac)|
|[์ ๋ฌด](https://texonom.com/5096bec67d3c40abaa63c1d6317ef639)|
|[Sex Method](https://texonom.com/sex-method-41de2c1995294f3b850c0b95119084e2)|
|[Sex Position](https://texonom.com/sex-position-ce7042f46b9f431583fe5fdaf10ad1ba)|
|[BDSM](https://texonom.com/bdsm-340f1176a07048579e5bec95373aa4ac)|
|[Hand job](https://texonom.com/hand-job-83169a87d9284d3aa43cf71c82805732)|
|[LGBT](https://texonom.com/lgbt-be92c65b37084dbabfac90fd3b15543c)|
|[Breeding](https://texonom.com/breeding-2dce1c29ad3148ef88cdce76ba3a8689)|
|[Virginity](https://texonom.com/virginity-0893394769754d16b72c74055a0d59ee)|
### ์ฌํ๋ฅผ ๋ถ์ ํ๋ ์ฑ
> [๋ค์ด๋ฒ](http://naver.me/5pjDhWmY)
> [๊ทผ์น์๊ฐยท๊ฐํ์ฑ๊ต๋ก ๊ฐ๋ํ '์ด ์์ค'...ํ๋์ค๊ฐ 60์ต์ ์ฌ๊ฐ ์ด์ ๋? [์ฌ์(ๅฒ่ฒ)] - ๋งค์ผ๊ฒฝ์ ](https://www.mk.co.kr/news/culture/10629571)
> [์๋จ์๊ฐ ์ฌ์ฌ์นํํ
๊ด์ฌ ์ฃผ์ง ์๋ ์ด์ #Shorts](https://www.youtube.com/shorts/y11VMuniZA4)
| 51b0e9c024ad4132a163222278f27f06 |
**Symbiotic** | Organism Notion | Jan 7, 2022 | Alan Jo | Alan Jo | Jun 25, 2023 |
> [These Ants Can 'Heal' Wounded Trees in a Fascinating Symbiotic Relationship](https://www.sciencealert.com/these-ants-heal-wounded-trees-in-a-fascinating-symbiotic-relationship)
| 9ff6ae2d20c54076a6f37b8b4f19b6b5 |
|
****Bioluminescence**** | Biotechnology Notion | Jul 1, 2023 | Alan Jo | Alan Jo | Jul 1, 2023 |
> [Bioluminescence](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bioluminescence)
| 9e73fbeeea5d41b2a48ab7d451c14de4 |
|
Cell signaling | Cell Notion | Sep 2, 2023 | Alan Jo | Alan Jo | Sep 2, 2023 |
## Cell communication
### Cell signaling Usages
|Title|
|:-:|
|[Hormone](https://texonom.com/hormone-4673cb9c480f4184921073b291d3550a)|
> [Cell signaling](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_signaling)
| c54537a5ee794d1bb2067832e59948cb |
|
HuBMAP | Cell Notion | Jul 28, 2023 | Alan Jo | Alan Jo | Jul 28, 2023 | [HGP](https://texonom.com/hgp-615d7774afd043fe8164905bff9d9394) |
## Human BioMolecular Atlas Program
> [The Human BioMolecular Atlas Program - HuBMAP](https://commonfund.nih.gov/hubmap/highlights)
> [Untitled](https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-023-06298-9)
| fb9d5e20d0124673901575a4f37181f3 |
Mitochondria | Cell Notion | Mar 29, 2022 | Alan Jo | Alan Jo | Mar 29, 2022 |
> [Mitochondrial transplants between living cells could save dying organs](https://newatlas.com/medical/mitochondrial-transplant-breakthrough-cells/)
| 12c148958a6a48d7a474f897556d99ed |
|
O****rganoid**** | Cell Notion | Jan 13, 2023 | Alan Jo | Alan Jo | Mar 1, 2023 |
### ์ฅ๊ธฐ์ ์ฌ์ฒด
์ฑ์ฒด์ค๊ธฐ์ธํฌ, ๋ฐฐ์์ค๊ธฐ์ธํฌ, ์ ๋๋ง๋ฅ์ค๊ธฐ์ธํฌ๋ก๋ถํฐ ์๊ฐ ์ฌ์ ๋ฐ ์๊ฐ ์กฐ์งํ๋ฅผ ํตํด ํ์ฑ๋ 3์ฐจ์ ์ธํฌ์งํฉ์ฒด
> [In a first, human brain organoids placed in the mouse cortex react to visual stimuli](https://interestingengineering.com/science/human-brain-organoids-mouse-cortex)
| c1aeb7815d6d464884b522e6a2a3b569 |
|
Transparent Cell | Cell Notion | Jun 6, 2022 | Alan Jo | Alan Jo | Jun 6, 2022 | [Squid](https://texonom.com/squid-fe0c147d9a5f43c5833560c505bdad90) |
> [Secret of squid invisibility used to turn human cells transparent](https://newatlas.com/science/engineered-human-cells-transparent-squid-proteins/)
| 209d2374080247358880b0fd9a1e292c |
Hormone | Cell signaling Usages | Sep 2, 2023 | Alan Jo | Alan Jo | Sep 2, 2023 |
### Hormone Usages
|Title|
|:-:|
> [Hormone](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hormone)
| 4673cb9c480f4184921073b291d3550a |
|
๊ธฐ์ต์ธํฌ | Cells | Jan 19, 2021 | Alan Jo | Alan Jo | Mar 29, 2022 | 55bbad0b6b4545f2a417a09f43143fa5 |
||
Fat cell | Cells | Jan 19, 2021 | Alan Jo | Alan Jo | May 29, 2023 | [Fat](https://texonom.com/fat-c91b6681e8394267889ff6e29ab6a87e) | 3acfde2388bf41ada5f0e4b22fb95a65 |
|
Stem Cell | Cells | Jan 19, 2021 | Alan Jo | Alan Jo | Aug 23, 2023 |
### Stem Cell Notion
|Title|
|:-:|
|[Stem Cell Example](https://texonom.com/stem-cell-example-bb1838adae454be487ded4d5674f0905)|
### Stem Cell Companies
|Title|
|:-:|
|[Life Biosciences](https://texonom.com/life-biosciences-e23f9be7fd9a4abaa55a2b36ac7eebe3)|
|[United Therapeutics](https://texonom.com/united-therapeutics-f43ef9776f6b45ec97e638d09592e3a2)|
|[eGenesis](https://texonom.com/egenesis-829ae0e299b94c18826661bbfc26d467)|
|[Qihan Biotech](https://texonom.com/qihan-biotech-4287b2c0160146a9bb7e5f17b8c103ad)|
> [Breakthrough creates stem cells without any โmemoriesโ](https://www.freethink.com/science/ips-cells)
| a96229f496974c9cacf94b90e31a3ca6 |
|
eGenesis | Stem Cell Companies | Sep 13, 2021 | Alan Jo | Alan Jo | Aug 23, 2023 | 829ae0e299b94c18826661bbfc26d467 |
||
Life Biosciences | Stem Cell Companies | Sep 13, 2021 | Alan Jo | Alan Jo | Aug 23, 2023 | e23f9be7fd9a4abaa55a2b36ac7eebe3 |
||
Qihan Biotech | Stem Cell Companies | Sep 13, 2021 | Alan Jo | Alan Jo | Aug 23, 2023 | 4287b2c0160146a9bb7e5f17b8c103ad |
||
United Therapeutics | Stem Cell Companies | Sep 13, 2021 | Alan Jo | Alan Jo | Aug 23, 2023 | f43ef9776f6b45ec97e638d09592e3a2 |
||
Stem Cell Example | Stem Cell Notion | Aug 22, 2023 | Alan Jo | Alan Jo | Sep 5, 2023 |
### Synthetic [Embryo](https://texonom.com/embryo-ef022179f207436e87457a3c3c3a0017)
> [Synthetic embryos have been implanted into monkey wombs](https://www.technologyreview.com/2023/04/06/1071112/synthetic-embryos-have-been-implanted-into-monkey-wombs)
> [Drug cocktail makes stem cells that could grow organisms from scratch](https://newatlas.com/biology/drug-cocktail-totipotent-stem-cells-revert)
> [Researchers turned fat cells into stem cells to repair injuries | The Burn-In](https://www.theburnin.com/science/researchers-turned-fat-cells-into-stem-cells-repair-injuries-2021-01-14/)
> [Aided by stem cells, a lizard regenerates a perfect tail for first time in more than 250 million years: Experiment helps inform efforts to improve wound-healing in humans](https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2021/10/211014141958.htm?utm_source=tldrnewsletter)
### [Human Bone](https://texonom.com/human-bone-8229220754fa4d1787c1ab163ebd453a)
> [Sound waves convert stem cells into bone in regenerative breakthrough](https://newatlas.com/medical/sound-waves-stem-cells-bone)
### [Embryo](https://texonom.com/embryo-ef022179f207436e87457a3c3c3a0017)
> [Synthetic mouse embryos created from stem cells - without sperm, eggs, or a uterus](https://www.statnews.com/2022/08/01/synthetic-mouse-embryos-created-from-stem-cells-without-sperm-eggs-uterus/)
### Hair
> [Study links 'stuck' stem cells to hair turning gray](https://phys.org/news/2023-04-links-stuck-stem-cells-hair.html)
### [Dopamine](https://texonom.com/dopamine-4d5b4a350a3643499b127c0366ae59ef)
> [Biotech Company Says It's Implanted Dopamine-Making Cells in Patients' Brains](https://futurism.com/neoscope/biotech-dopamine-cells-parkinsons)
| bb1838adae454be487ded4d5674f0905 |
|
๋ฏ๋์
๋ผ ์ฌ๋จ | Immortal Foundation | Sep 6, 2021 | Alan Jo | Alan Jo | Mar 9, 2022 |
๋ฏ๋์
๋ผ๋ ์ฑ๊ฒฝ์ ๋์ค๋ 969์ธ๊น์ง ์ฐ ์ธ๊ฐ
๋
ธํ(aging)๋ ์น๋ฃํ ์ ์๋ ์ง๋ณ
์ฃฝ์์ ์ ํ(optional)ํ ์ ์๋ ๊ฒ
| 9d78bf2517ba4f83bb7c82fc76628427 |
|
Altos Labs | Immortal Foundation | Aug 4, 2021 | Alan Jo | Alan Jo | Mar 9, 2022 |
> [Super Wealthy Fund Mysterious Lab to Unlock Immortality](https://futurism.com/the-byte/altos-labs-wealthy-investors?utm_source=tldrnewsletter)
| cb3474b182154113ab9688e2fcae4bec |
|
Calico Coor | Immortal Foundation | Sep 13, 2021 | Alan Jo | Alan Jo | Jan 21, 2023 |
๊ตฌ๊ธ์ ์ํ์ฌ
2013๋
๋ง๋ค์ด์ ธ์ 2014๋
์ ์ฝ์ฌ ์ ๋ธ๋น์ ๊ณต๋ ์ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์์ํ๋ฉด์ ์ ๋ช
์ฐ๊ตฌํ๋ ๋ํ์ ์ธ ๋ฌผ์ง ์ค ํ๋๊ฐ ISRIB ์ธ๋ฐ ๊ธฐ์ต๋ ฅ์ ํฅ์์ํค๋ ๋ฌผ์ง
์บ๋ฆฌ์ฝ์๋ ์ ์์ ์ผ๋์ด๋ผ๋ ์ ๋ช
ํ ๊ต์๊ฐ ์ผํ๊ณ ์์ด์. ๊ทธ๋ ์ ์ ์์กฐํฉ๋ง์ผ๋ก ์๋ช
์ 10๋ฐฐ ๋๋ฆฐ ํ์ถฉ์ 1993๋
์ ๋ง๋ค์ด๋ด๋ฉด์ ์คํ๊ฐ ๋ ๊ณผํ์
| 9437e7ccbb1b472184f31fdef6167acf |
|
Elevian | Immortal Foundation | Mar 9, 2022 | Alan Jo | Alan Jo | Mar 9, 2022 |
GDF11 ์ด๋ผ๋ ๋ฌผ์ง๋ก ๋
ธํ๋ฅผ ๋ฆ์ถ๋ ์ฐ๊ตฌ
| f99a81086de94bd7a642118f2079e1b2 |
|
Unity Biotechnology | Immortal Foundation | Sep 13, 2021 | Alan Jo | Alan Jo | Mar 9, 2022 |
์ธ๋๋ฆฌํฑ์ด๋ผ๋ ๋ฌผ์ง์ ์ ๊ตฌ์ ์ผ๋ก ์ฐ๊ตฌํ๊ณ 2018๋
์์ฅ๊น์ง ํ ๊ธฐ์
์ด | 839b7c1a45f84354a20a8bd214ee208e |
|
๋ผํ๋ง์ด์ | Immortal Notion | Mar 9, 2022 | Alan Jo | Alan Jo | Mar 9, 2022 | 42d7bf69aea041bc8c6e4ee49df68c26 |
||
**Cryonics** | Immortal Notion | Sep 6, 2023 | Alan Jo | Alan Jo | Sep 6, 2023 |
> [Freezing adult corals could help ensure they survive a changing climate](https://www.sciencenews.org/article/adult-coral-frozen-survive-climate-change)
> [Cryonics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryonics)
| 767bb7ac9f0d423d949eb1847eecd111 |
|
GDF11 | Immortal Notion | Mar 9, 2022 | Alan Jo | Alan Jo | Mar 9, 2022 | ea0a7826ad204ac49053c2d047fc2e9d |
||
Longevity escape velocity | Immortal Notion | Sep 13, 2021 | Alan Jo | Alan Jo | Mar 9, 2022 |
๋ด๊ฐ ๋์ด๋ฅผ ๋จน๋ ์๋๋ณด๋ค ๊ธฐ๋์๋ช
์ด ๋์ด๋๋ ์๋๊ฐ ๋ ๋นจ๋ผ์ง๋ค๋ฉด | 6f89e1d8aae24d78957570948d9f06b0 |
|
longevity | Immortal Notion | Jun 16, 2022 | Alan Jo | Alan Jo | Jun 16, 2022 |
> [์ ์ธ๊ณ ์ฅ์๋ง์ ํฑ 5๊ณณ์ ๋๋ผ์ด ๊ณตํต์ ](https://www.mk.co.kr/news/culture/view/2022/06/513056/)
| f3ee8020eabc40d3a62cb1dbb39adc88 |
|
****Rejuvenated**** | Immortal Notion | Sep 6, 2021 | Alan Jo | Alan Jo | May 12, 2022 | [Immortal](https://texonom.com/immortal-5075782aa1d84f94977b6f604bb45dfc) |
์ธ๊ฐ์ ๋
ธํ๋ฅผ ๋๋๋ฆฌ๋ ๊ฒ
[Cellular Reprogramming](https://texonom.com/cellular-reprogramming-8dca533de97e4cd8bd4fe515541e582a)
> [Old Mice 'Rejuvenated' With Injections of Brain Fluid From The Young](https://www.sciencealert.com/scientists-rejuvenate-the-memories-of-elderly-mice-by-injecting-them-with-young-mouse-cerebrospinal-fluid)
| 41db78441ebf46738feed9dda02d70c6 |
Cellular Reprogramming | Rejuvenated | null | null | null | null | null |
ํฌ๋ ์๊ฐ์ด ์ง๋๋ฉด ์์ฐ์ค๋ฝ๊ฒ ๋
ธํํ๋๋ฐ ์ด๊ฑธ ๋ค์ ํ๋ก๊ทธ๋จํด์ ์ ์ ์ธํฌ๋ก ๋์๊ฐ๊ฒ ๋ง๋๋ ๊ธฐ์
[Stem Cell](https://texonom.com/stem-cell-a96229f496974c9cacf94b90e31a3ca6) | 8dca533de97e4cd8bd4fe515541e582a |
์ญ๊ณ๋ฌธ๊ฐ๋ชฉ๊ณผ์กฑ์์ข
| Phylogenetic Tree Notion | Jul 9, 2023 | Alan Jo | Alan Jo | Jul 9, 2023 |
### **Giga > Mega > Gran >ย ****[Hyper](https://namu.wiki/w/%ED%95%98%EC%9D%B4%ED%8D%BC#s-2)****ย >ย ****[Super](https://namu.wiki/w/%EC%8A%88%ED%8D%BC#s-1.1)****ย >ย ****[Ultra](https://namu.wiki/w/%EC%9A%B8%ED%8A%B8%EB%9D%BC#s-1.1)****ย > ์ฒด๊ณ > Nan > Hypo > Min > Sub > Infra > Parv**
### ์ญ๊ณ๋ฌธ๊ฐ๋ชฉ๊ณผ์กฑ์์ข
๊ฐ๋
|Title|
|:-:|
### ์ค๊ฐ์ค๊ฐ
- ์์ข
- Tribe
> - ์กฑ
- Unranked
| 2ca5f2a6934346a4b177fb410012b783 |
|
phylectic gradualism | Phylogenetic Tree Notion | Mar 9, 2021 | Alan Jo | Alan Jo | Jul 9, 2023 |
๊ณํต ์ ์ง ์ด๋ก
์ ์ง์ ์ผ๋ก ๊ณํต์ ์งํ
> [๋จ์ ํํ์ด๋ก ](https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8B%A8%EC%86%8D_%ED%8F%89%ED%98%95%EC%9D%B4%EB%A1%A0)
| e87302f9ac2a46e78313a93a77a7f30b |
|
punctuated equilibrium | Phylogenetic Tree Notion | Feb 28, 2020 | Alan Jo | Alan Jo | Apr 25, 2023 |
## ๋จ์ ํํ์ด๋ก
์ ์ฑ ์์์ ํ๋ ์๋ฌผ ์ข
์ ์งํ ์์์ ๋๋ถ๋ถ์ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ ๋์ ํฐ ๋ณํ ์๋ ์์ ๊ธฐ์ ๋น๊ต์ ์งง์ ์๊ฐ์ ๊ธ์ํ ์ข
๋ถํ๊ฐ ์ด๋ฃจ์ด์ง๋ ๋ถํ๊ธฐ๋ก ๋๋๋ค๋ ์งํ ์ด๋ก
๋จ์ํํ์ด๋ก ์ ์ข
์ ์งํ๊ฐ ๋งค์ฐ ์ค๋ ์๊ฐ ๋์ ์ธ๋์ ๊ฑธ์ณ ์ ์ง์ ์ผ๋ก ์ด๋ฃจ์ด์ง๋ค๋ ๊ธฐ์กด์ ๊ณํต์ ์ง์ด๋ก ์ ์ ๋ฉด์ผ๋ก ๋ฐ๋ฐ
ํ๋ ์งํ์๋ฌผํ์์๋ ๊ณํต ์ ์ง์ด๋ก ๊ณผ ๋จ์ ํํ์ด๋ก ๋๋ค๋ฅผ ๋ฐ์๋ค์ด๋ฉฐ, ์ด ๋์ ์ฐจ์ด๋ ์๊ฐ์ถ์ ๊ธธ์ด์ ๋ฐ๋ผ ๋ฌ๋ผ์ง๋ค๋ ์
> [๋จ์ ํํ์ด๋ก ](https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8B%A8%EC%86%8D_%ED%8F%89%ED%98%95%EC%9D%B4%EB%A1%A0)
| 8cfec76b27c1439bb5c5b8690b408e4b |
|
See | Senses | Aug 19, 2021 | Alan Jo | Alan Jo | Jun 25, 2023 | 50b23ed5e120406bae2eec2331ec1722 |
||
Smell | Senses | May 26, 2021 | Alan Jo | Alan Jo | Sep 5, 2023 |
๋์งํ๋ก ์ ์ผ๋ก ๊ฐ์ฅ ๊ธฐ์ต์ ์ฐ๊ด์ด ๊น์ ๊ฐ๊ฐ
### Smell Notion
|Title|
|:-:|
|[Smell-O-Vision](https://texonom.com/smell-o-vision-39f341a527bd44018b7ce152f6b5eccb)|
|[Digital Smell](https://texonom.com/digital-smell-70365d0cf8d54ef7a0c825ba1b3bc41a)|
> [Scientists Made a Biohybrid Nose Using Cells From Mosquitoes](https://singularityhub.com/2021/01/26/scientists-made-a-biohybrid-nose-using-cells-from-mosquitoes/)
> [This Startup Is Using AI to Unearth New Smells](https://www.wired.com/story/this-startup-is-using-ai-to-unearth-new-smells/)
| cf5becd1cae44fb9bf16c87cfdf41ae4 |
|
Digital Smell | Smell Notion | Sep 5, 2023 | Alan Jo | Alan Jo | Sep 5, 2023 |
### Hard to separate
> [Digitizing Smell: Using Molecular Maps to Understand Odor](https://ai.googleblog.com/2022/09/digitizing-smell-using-molecular-maps.html)
> [This Neural Net Maps Molecules to Aromas](https://spectrum.ieee.org/digital-smell)
| 70365d0cf8d54ef7a0c825ba1b3bc41a |
|
Smell-O-Vision | Smell Notion | May 26, 2021 | Alan Jo | Alan Jo | Sep 5, 2023 |
### system that released odor during the projection of a firm
๊ฐ์ ํฅ๊ธฐ
> [Smell-O-Vision - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smell-O-Vision)
| 39f341a527bd44018b7ce152f6b5eccb |
|
์ ๋ฌด | Sex Notion | Jun 13, 2021 | Alan Jo | Alan Jo | May 8, 2023 |
### ์ ํฌ
ํผ๋ถ์๊ทน์ด ์๋ ๋ด๋ถ ์ ์ ๊ตฌ ๋ง์ฌ์ง๋ก ํด๋ฆฌํ ๋ฆฌ์ค ๋ฐ๊ธฐ
basic movements are ๊ฐ์ง, ๊พน๊พน, ๋ฏธ๋ ๋ง์ฐฐ์์ด ์๋ ฅ์ด ๋ฃ์ด๋ฌ๋ผ ํ ๋๊น์ง
### ์ ๋ฌด ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ
|Title|
|:-:|
|[๊ณจ๋ฐ์ฝ๊ธฐ](https://texonom.com/f9b931eabede44ca8ee4f0b818eb3fef)|
|[์ฒ๋งํจ๊ณผ](https://texonom.com/9c5fdf644dec41ebaf0f598ba5518aa2)|
|[Cunnilingus](https://texonom.com/cunnilingus-1957c832ab9b4746b25e655f310531b0)|
| 5096bec67d3c40abaa63c1d6317ef639 |
|
BDSM | Sex Notion | Jun 27, 2022 | Alan Jo | Alan Jo | Jun 27, 2022 |
### Bondage(๊ตฌ์) / Discipline(ํ์ก), Dominance(์ง๋ฐฐ) / Submission(๊ตด๋ณต)
์ธ๊ฐ์ ์ฑ์ ๊ธฐํธ ์ค์์ ๊ธฐํ์ ์ฑํฅ์ ํตํ์ด์ ๋งํ๋ ๊ฒ
| 340f1176a07048579e5bec95373aa4ac |
|
B**reeding** | Sex Notion | Feb 23, 2022 | Alan Jo | Alan Jo | Jun 25, 2023 |
## ๋ฒ์
### ์๋ฌผํ์ **์ ์์ ์ฒ๋**
๋๋ฌผ์์์ ์ ๊ธฐ ๋ณ์ผ๋ฉด ์ข์ํ๋ ์ด์
์ด ํ๊ฒฝ์ ์ ์ ์ํ๊ตฌ๋
> [[#๋ก์ing] ์ฌ๋์ ๋ง์์ด ์๋๋ผ ๋จธ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ ํ๋๊ฑฐ๋...๐ ๋ ๊ณผํ์๊ฐ ์๋ ค์ฃผ๋ ๋์ ์ฌ๋์ ์๊ด๊ด๊ณ! (feat.๊นป์๋
ผ์ ์ข
๊ฒฐ) | #์ ํด์ฆ์จ๋๋ธ๋ญ #์พ์](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O7Y89G682J0)
| 2dce1c29ad3148ef88cdce76ba3a8689 |
|
Contraception | Sex Notion | Oct 6, 2021 | Alan Jo | Alan Jo | Feb 16, 2023 |
## ํผ์
์ฌ์ฉํ๋ค๊ณ ๋ฌธ๋ํ๊ตฌ๋ ์๊ฐํ ์ ํ์ด ์๋
์ฐ์ธ์ด ์์ผ๋ฉด ์คํ๋ ค ์์ฃผ ์ฑ๊ด๊ณ๊ฐ ์์ผ๋ ๋ ์ค์ํจ
### Contraception Methods
|Title|
|:-:|
|[๊ฒฝ๊ตฌํผ์์ฝ](https://texonom.com/289dab0aef404fed87912384ae323fd0)|
|[์ฌํํผ์์ฝ](https://texonom.com/defca7da51ca42b1acf1b9231306e800)|
|[Contraception Patch](https://texonom.com/contraception-patch-824d1593ece745f3baf89cd0bd3e5674)|
|[Condom](https://texonom.com/condom-200ec2e728604d19bdaadc995fabdca5)|
| d1cdc02e8069436f8c6d90bf58bc2483 |
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