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LLH | CRSs | Aug 11, 2021 | Alan Jo | Alan Jo | May 14, 2023 |
latitude-longitude-height
> [ECEF ์ขํ๊ณ์ LLH ์ขํ๊ณ](https://pasus.tistory.com/185)
| d3a8bb1e33c040108cc5c5fba5c7cfce |
|
OGC URN | CRSs | Feb 9, 2022 | Alan Jo | Alan Jo | May 14, 2023 |
[URN](https://texonom.com/urn-1edab6c36a37464ba873ca3b6338ca6d) [GeoJSON](https://texonom.com/geojson-b62bac95f054441c9507c2ca9b53ef56) [OGC](https://texonom.com/ogc-a5c00b69e0fe4163bce74897ff30821e)
```typeconst CRS_PREFIX = 'urn:ogc:def:crs'const urn = `${CRS_PREFIX}:${authName}:(${version}):${authSRID}````
version is optional (EPSG DATASBASE VERSION)
[RFC5165](https://texonom.com/rfc5165-ea9d535a8c214427a2639e03528bd145)
[srsName](https://texonom.com/srsname-96017ccd11594b9fa9a864a8906b8994)
> (current EPSG CRS definitions): urn:ogc:def:crs:EPSG:\d{4,5}
> - Main.rmartell - 02 Oct 2007
> [OGC Urn Policy](https://www.ogc.org/ogcUrnPolicy)
> [OGC Naming Authority](https://www.ogc.org/ogcna)
| 40b1ede45e7e4b5eb413747d88536cd2 |
|
SRID | CRSs | Feb 9, 2022 | Alan Jo | Alan Jo | May 14, 2023 | 958277f02bbc474d8ab6a30d6eb882c3 |
||
UPS Coordinate System | CRSs | Aug 11, 2021 | Alan Jo | Alan Jo | May 14, 2023 |
## Universal Polar Stereographic
UPS ์ขํ๊ณ๋ ์ง๊ตฌ์ ์ ๊ทน์ ๋ถ๊ทผ์ ์์น๋ฅผ ๋ํ๋ด๋ ๋ฐ ์ฌ์ฉ๋๋๋ฐ, UTM ์ขํ๊ณ์์ ๋ํ๋ผ ์ ์๋ ๋ถ์ 84ยฐ๋ณด๋ค ๋ถ์ชฝ๊ณผ ๋จ์ 80ยฐ๋ณด๋ค ๋จ์ชฝ ์ง์ญ์ ํด๋น
๋ฑ๊ฐํฌ์๋ ์ง๊ต ๊ฒฉ์๋ง๊ณผ ๋ฏธํฐ ๋จ์๋ฅผ ์ฌ์ฉ
> [UTM ์ขํ๊ณ - ์ํค๋ฐฑ๊ณผ, ์ฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋์ ๋ฐฑ๊ณผ์ฌ์ ](https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/UTM_%EC%A2%8C%ED%91%9C%EA%B3%84)
| 37ea5e2d2645451983cc8e76d8a9ae40 |
|
UTM Coordinate System | CRSs | Aug 11, 2021 | Alan Jo | Alan Jo | May 14, 2023 |
## Universal Transverse Mercator
์ง๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฒฝ๋ 6ยฐ ๊ฐ๊ฒฉ์ ์ธ๋ก ๋ ๋ก ๋๋์ด ํก์ถ ๋ฉ๋ฅด์นดํ ๋ฅด ๋๋ฒ์ผ๋ก ๊ทธ๋ฆฐ ๋ค
์๋ 8ยฐ ๊ฐ๊ฒฉ์ผ๋ก ์ด 60ร20 ๊ฐ์ ๊ฒฉ์๋ก ๋๋์ด ๊ฐ ์ธ๋ก ๊ตฌ์ญ๋ง๋ค ์ค์ ๋ ์์ ์ ๋ํ ์ข
ยทํก ์ขํ๋ก ์์น๋ฅผ ๋ํ๋ธ๋ค
UTM ์ขํ๊ณ๋ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์ก๊ตฐ์ด 1947๋
์ ๊ฐ๋ฐ
ํ์ฌ UTM ์ขํ๊ณ์์๋ WGS84 ํ์์ฒด๋ฅผ ์ฌ์ฉ
UTM ์ขํ๊ณ๋ ๊ณก๋ฅ ๋ฐ๊ฒฝ์ด ๋ถ๊ท์นํ๊ณ ๊ธฐ๋ณต์ด ์กด์ฌํ๋ ์ง๊ตฌ์ ํ์์ ๊ธฐ์ค ํ์์ฒด๋ก ๋ชจ๋ธํ
UTM ์ขํ๊ณ์์ ์ฌ์ฉํ๋ UTM ํฌ์๋ฒ์ ๋ฒจ๊ธฐ์ ์ถ์ ์ ์ง๋ฆฌํ์์ด์ ์ง๋ ์ ์์์ธ ๊ฒ๋ผ๋ฅด๋์ค ๋ฉ๋ฅด์นดํ ๋ฅด๊ฐ 1569๋
์ ๊ฐ๋ฐํ ๋ฉ๋ฅด์นดํ ๋ฅด ๋๋ฒ์ ํก์ถ์ผ๋ก ๊ทธ๋ฆฐ ๊ฒ
| 87ebd69af5be483e92ae6404c6854185 |
|
RFC5165 | OGC URN | null | null | null | null | null |
> [RFC 5165 - A Uniform Resource Name (URN) Namespace for the Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC)](https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc5165)
| ea9d535a8c214427a2639e03528bd145 |
srsName | OGC URN | null | null | null | null | null | 96017ccd11594b9fa9a864a8906b8994 |
|
Geology Tool | Geology Usages | Apr 27, 2021 | Alan Jo | Alan Jo | Dec 28, 2021 |
### Geology Tools
|Title|
|:-:|
|[gdal](https://texonom.com/gdal-815b5f1e3d614d038882dd299eb86f5a)|
|[pdal](https://texonom.com/pdal-1224b97003534ab993077ae08ab243c6)|
|[CGAL](https://texonom.com/cgal-cec9ec71aaf846c0a390afad77fc729c)|
|[cartwright](https://texonom.com/cartwright-0d590e9cc23c42d1b9ca8a41ba2442ee)|
| 914d12a91e334447abf05274698a3d70 |
|
cartwright | Geology Tools | Nov 18, 2022 | Alan Jo | Alan Jo | Nov 18, 2022 |
[cartwright](https://github.com/jataware/cartwright) [Neural Network](https://texonom.com/neural-network-86f54f9f1de848c1a29c56c24f7d5094)
| 0d590e9cc23c42d1b9ca8a41ba2442ee |
|
CGAL | Geology Tools | Jul 22, 2021 | Alan Jo | Alan Jo | Jul 22, 2021 |
## Computational Geometry Algorithms Library
postgis postgis_sfcgal extension
> [www.sfcgal.org](http://www.sfcgal.org/)
| cec9ec71aaf846c0a390afad77fc729c |
|
gdal | Geology Tools | Apr 26, 2021 | Alan Jo | Alan Jo | Apr 14, 2022 |
### Debian like
```typesudo apt install build-essentialsudo add-apt-repository ppa:ubuntugis/ppa && sudo apt-get updatesudo apt updatesudo apt install gdal-bin -ysudo apt install libgdal-dev -y```
### Document
> [GDAL - GDAL documentation](https://gdal.org/)
| 815b5f1e3d614d038882dd299eb86f5a |
|
pdal | Geology Tools | Aug 27, 2020 | Alan Jo | Alan Jo | Apr 27, 2021 |
```typeconda create --yes --name pdal --channel conda-forgeconda activate pdalconda install python-pdal gdal```
[pdal tiling](https://texonom.com/pdal-tiling-1e3d702a42554c7981ac1aa195d6a9a4)
> [tile - pdal.io](https://pdal.io/apps/tile.html?highlight=tile)
| 1224b97003534ab993077ae08ab243c6 |
|
pdal tiling | pdal | null | null | null | null | null |
```typepdalย tileย "asset/*"ย "tiling/out_#.csv"```
> [tile - pdal.io](https://pdal.io/apps/tile.html?highlight=tile)
| 1e3d702a42554c7981ac1aa195d6a9a4 |
Weather | Geoscience Topics | May 27, 2021 | Alan Jo | Alan Jo | Aug 6, 2023 | [Temperature](https://texonom.com/temperature-f8ad89f333114467893ef518917b3063) |
์์ด ์๋ ๋
์์ข์ ๋ ์จ์ ์ฌํผํ์ง ๋ง์. ์์ข์ ๋ ์จ๊ฐ ์์ด์ ์ข์ ๋ ์จ๊ฐ ๋ ์๋ฆ๋ต๋ค
### Weathers
|Title|
|:-:|
|[Lightening](https://texonom.com/lightening-937de6979ac046ffa7aa661a9bff70f8)|
|[Aurora](https://texonom.com/aurora-7189faf0f19d46ffa853002736cff0cf)|
### Weather Usages
|Title|
|:-:|
|[Weather Forecast](https://texonom.com/weather-forecast-745d11488f5148279eb4eb332d848192)|
|[Weather Control](https://texonom.com/weather-control-f04a5a6471da42c1afe3fd92dd240899)|
| a063e28d0a9043f38f4f5760be781c2f |
Weather Control | Weather Usages | Jan 20, 2023 | Alan Jo | Alan Jo | May 5, 2023 | [Geo Engineering](https://texonom.com/geo-engineering-d6acb0ddf49e400f8a4117a52a6c8f6e) |
> [A startup says it's begun releasing particles into the atmosphere, in an effort to tweak the climate](https://www.technologyreview.com/2022/12/24/1066041/a-startup-says-its-begun-releasing-particles-into-the-atmosphere-in-an-effort-to-tweak-the-climate/)
| f04a5a6471da42c1afe3fd92dd240899 |
Weather Forecast | Weather Usages | May 27, 2021 | Alan Jo | Alan Jo | Jan 12, 2023 |
> [Monitoring Space Weather From the Ground](https://spectrum.ieee.org/space-weather)
> [Waymo's robotaxis are basically mobile weather stations now](https://www.theverge.com/2022/11/14/23453478/waymo-av-autonomous-bad-weather-fog-sf-station)
> [Developer Portal](https://pirateweather.net/)
| 745d11488f5148279eb4eb332d848192 |
|
Aurora | Weathers | Jan 20, 2023 | Alan Jo | Alan Jo | May 12, 2023 |
### Forecast
> [Aurora Forecast](https://www.gi.alaska.edu/monitors/aurora-forecast)
> [[์จ๋๋ด์ค] ๋ค๋๋๋ ๋ฐคํ๋์์ ์ถค์ถ๋ ์ค๋ก๋ผ](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ytu-Y-LT19U)
| 7189faf0f19d46ffa853002736cff0cf |
|
Lightening | Weathers | May 27, 2021 | Alan Jo | Alan Jo | Jun 11, 2023 |
### Control lightening by laser
1. ๋ ์ด์ ํ์ค๊ฐ ํ๋๋ก ๋ฐ์ฌ๋๋ฉด ๊ณต๊ธฐ์ ๊ตด์ ๋ฅ ๋ณํ๋ก ์ธํด ๋ ์ด์ ํ์ค๊ฐ ์์ถ๋๊ณ ์ฃผ๋ณ์ ๊ณต๊ธฐ ๋ถ์๋ฅผ ์ด์จํํจ
2. ํ๋์์ ํ๋ผ๋ฉํธ๋ผ๊ณ ๋ถ๋ฅด๋ ๊ฒ์ ๊ธด ์ฌ์ฌ๋ก ์ด์ด์ง๋ฉฐ, ๊ณต๊ธฐ ๋ถ์๋ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒ ๊ฐ์ด๋๊ณ ์ ๋ฐ๋ ์ด์จํ ๊ณต๊ธฐ ์ฑ๋์ ๋จ๊น
3. ๋ฐ๋ฆฌ์ด ๋์ ์ง์๋๋ ์ด ์ฑ๋์ ์ฃผ๋ณ ๊ณต๊ธฐ๋ณด๋ค ์ ๊ธฐ ์ ๋์ฑ์ด ๋๊ธฐ ๋๋ฌธ์ ๋ฒ๊ฐ๊ฐ ๋ฐ๋ผ๊ฐ๊ธฐ ์ฌ์ด ๊ฒฝ๋ก๋ฅผ ํ์ฑ
> [Detailed Footage Finally Reveals What Triggers Lightning | Quanta Magazine](https://www.quantamagazine.org/radio-telescope-reveals-how-lightning-begins-20211220)
> [Dark Lightning: Uncovering the Strongest Energy Discharge on Earth](https://interestingengineering.com/dark-lightning-uncovering-the-strongest-energy-discharge-on-earth)
### Control lightening by laser
> [Scientists steer lightning bolts with lasers for the first time](https://www.theguardian.com/science/2023/jan/16/scientists-steer-lightning-bolts-with-lasers-for-the-first-time)
> [Scientists Guide Lightning Bolts With Lasers for the First Time](https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/scientists-guide-lightning-bolts-with-lasers-for-the-first-time-180981462)
| 937de6979ac046ffa7aa661a9bff70f8 |
|
**Collocation** | Linguistics Notion | Jun 27, 2022 | Alan Jo | Alan Jo | Jun 27, 2022 |
### **์ฐ์ด**
๋์ผํ ๋งฅ๋ฝ์์ ์ผ๋ฐ์ ์ธ ๊ฒฝ์ฐ๋ณด๋ค ๋์ ๋น๋๋ก ๋ํ๋๋ ์ดํ์ ์
| df54b275e55d4712bb9c57093ac2eedc |
|
Lexeme | Linguistics Notion | Sep 28, 2022 | Alan Jo | Alan Jo | Sep 28, 2022 |
๊ด๋ จ๋ ๋จ์ด ์งํฉ์ ๊ธฐ์ด๊ฐ๋๋ ์ดํ ์ ์๋ฏธ์ ๋จ์
| f4b01d24259f48a5bd752a2c86aaf46e |
|
Linguistics Field | Linguistics Notion | Mar 28, 2023 | Alan Jo | Alan Jo | Jun 20, 2023 |
### Linguistics Fields
|Title|
|:-:|
|[History Comparative Linguistics](https://texonom.com/history-comparative-linguistics-705ba01ea4d34a3ebc66550ac1a63843)|
|[Linguistic Typology](https://texonom.com/linguistic-typology-4f00134fafbf4a23a062c97472549fa8)|
|[Morphology](https://texonom.com/morphology-edbb5b5a857343e4b3b830a4f240a0e7)|
| 1868f23ea10245cea95606955723ce77 |
|
Linguistics Object | Linguistics Notion | Apr 13, 2022 | Alan Jo | Alan Jo | Sep 28, 2022 |
### Linguistics Objects
|Title|
|:-:|
|[Language](https://texonom.com/language-069032ecb95f4e9b8640b0fcd11bc461)|
|[Grammar](https://texonom.com/grammar-4a1ccf76557b418fb29be021abd9f2a1)|
|[Literacy](https://texonom.com/literacy-81681334ae414bedb3912da8cb4004fc)|
| 281be8dd86dd465babe57ced612b3427 |
|
Linguistics Theory | Linguistics Notion | Apr 13, 2022 | Alan Jo | Alan Jo | Apr 13, 2022 |
### Linguistics Theories
|Title|
|:-:|
|[skill building theory](https://texonom.com/skill-building-theory-21622d27a3704e4d88e819ea6e0dadaf)|
|[Comprehensible input](https://texonom.com/comprehensible-input-a4b2f8dd12864198a1634b4c1a63a035)|
|[Chomsky Hierarchy](https://texonom.com/chomsky-hierarchy-27390a673fed49649ae920dd48a6d8b8)|
| dd60be1ebb444c378c5047c2fb092bf6 |
|
History Comparative Linguistics | Linguistics Fields | Mar 28, 2023 | Alan Jo | Alan Jo | Mar 28, 2023 |
### History Comparative Linguistics Notion
|Title|
|:-:|
|[Language Isolate](https://texonom.com/language-isolate-d03e701117c5416381ba8fff710c8640)|
| 705ba01ea4d34a3ebc66550ac1a63843 |
|
Linguistic Typology | Linguistics Fields | Mar 28, 2023 | Alan Jo | Alan Jo | Mar 28, 2023 |
### Linguistic Typology Notion
|Title|
|:-:|
|[Isolating Language](https://texonom.com/isolating-language-f0478179bdcb45c7a57f976190969957)|
| 4f00134fafbf4a23a062c97472549fa8 |
|
Morphology | Linguistics Fields | Jun 20, 2023 | Alan Jo | Alan Jo | Jun 20, 2023 | edbb5b5a857343e4b3b830a4f240a0e7 |
||
Language Isolate | History Comparative Linguistics Notion | Mar 28, 2023 | Alan Jo | Alan Jo | Mar 28, 2023 | [Korean](https://texonom.com/korean-8a2fb964fdf34dcb98bc00217e4831f3) | d03e701117c5416381ba8fff710c8640 |
|
Isolating Language | Linguistic Typology Notion | Mar 28, 2023 | Alan Jo | Alan Jo | Mar 28, 2023 | f0478179bdcb45c7a57f976190969957 |
||
Grammar | Linguistics Objects | May 5, 2021 | Alan Jo | Alan Jo | Oct 5, 2022 |
### Grammars
|Title|
|:-:|
|[Context Free Grammar](https://texonom.com/context-free-grammar-addd6d55b70a4be4b5cac47126d5d5a7)|
|[Regular Grammar](https://texonom.com/regular-grammar-98198276196f48deb1902e06b7fc4ead)|
|[Context-Sensitive Grammar](https://texonom.com/context-sensitive-grammar-1639dc97e8894d76bb53550b18a72445)|
|[Unrestricted Grammar](https://texonom.com/unrestricted-grammar-67a3e248e2af4d85976aa712671c8e84)|
|[Parsing expression grammar](https://texonom.com/parsing-expression-grammar-6cb7fe5bf7504fa58541576b46ed1046)|
### Grammar Notion
|Title|
|:-:|
|[Terminal Symbol](https://texonom.com/terminal-symbol-cdbd9bfb038e4cc6978b0f243596db49)|
|[Grammatical modifier](https://texonom.com/grammatical-modifier-9255de3ce508449d9a5ead7062efd808)|
|[Nonterminal Symbol](https://texonom.com/nonterminal-symbol-f6f471ec55ca42d3b1edf64296a89899)|
|[Suffix](https://texonom.com/suffix-d61f4ecf8c9e4e98b89e26dbb538a92d)|
|[Prefix](https://texonom.com/prefix-b5bed1129c8a435c81ed2063af747350)|
|[Infix](https://texonom.com/infix-4360e74e5c2e4d1cb2d4843d46fc9a54)|
|[Character](https://texonom.com/character-366678274ba24c6abc4651e7b00bdd3c)|
|[Ambiguous Grammar](https://texonom.com/ambiguous-grammar-1673a7e8c417402e848ac2e4f8ff46fc)|
> [์ปดํ์ผ๋ฌ๋ ์ด๋ป๊ฒ ๋ด๊ฐ ์์ฑํ ์ฝ๋๋ฅผ ์ธ์ํ๋๊ฑธ๊น? - ์ฌ๊ทธ์ง๊ทธ์ ๊ฐ๋ฐ ๋ธ๋ก๊ทธ](https://wormwlrm.github.io/2021/04/18/Formal-Language-and-Compiler.html)
| 4a1ccf76557b418fb29be021abd9f2a1 |
|
Language | Linguistics Objects | Apr 13, 2022 | Alan Jo | Alan Jo | Oct 5, 2022 | [Formal Language](https://texonom.com/formal-language-8e9c2748ddd24352a582f48325b6e250) |
The set of strings obtained from** all possible derivations** defined by the [Grammar](https://texonom.com/grammar-4a1ccf76557b418fb29be021abd9f2a1)
$$L(G) = { s | exp โ* s}$$
### Languages
|Title|
|:-:|
|[Natural Language](https://texonom.com/natural-language-58438af54d374ed3a8d0097f3b123a34)|
|[Formal Language](https://texonom.com/formal-language-8e9c2748ddd24352a582f48325b6e250)|
| 069032ecb95f4e9b8640b0fcd11bc461 |
Literacy | Linguistics Objects | Apr 3, 2022 | Alan Jo | Alan Jo | Apr 13, 2022 | 81681334ae414bedb3912da8cb4004fc |
||
Ambiguous Grammar | Grammar Notion | Oct 7, 2022 | Alan Jo | Alan Jo | Oct 7, 2022 |
- Add disambiguous rules
- Rewrite the grammar
> - **Recursion Removal**
>> - Replace one of the recurisons with the base case
> - **Precedence Cascade**
>> - group operators of same precedence; write a different rule foreach precedence group
ambiguous grammar may always produce unique AST(but may produce different parse trees)
**Inessential Ambiguity** (okay)
- even for ambiguous grammar producing different ASTs
- Both carry the same semantics
| 1673a7e8c417402e848ac2e4f8ff46fc |
|
Character | Grammar Notion | Sep 28, 2022 | Alan Jo | Alan Jo | Sep 28, 2022 |
### Characters
|Title|
|:-:|
|[Special Character](https://texonom.com/special-character-20a8c2a9fb2f4824869de6dadd3ceae2)|
| 366678274ba24c6abc4651e7b00bdd3c |
|
Grammatical modifier | Grammar Notion | Mar 28, 2021 | Alan Jo | Alan Jo | Apr 25, 2023 |
์์ ์๋ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์์ ๋ค๋ฅธ ์์์ ์๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ์์ ํ๋ ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ ๊ตฌ์กฐ ๋๋ ์ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์ ์ ํ์ ์์
์์์ด
### Grammatical modifiers
|Title|
|:-:|
|[Post modifier](https://texonom.com/post-modifier-909dc04af39649ca96cb3b2f09b54bfc)|
|[Pre Modifier](https://texonom.com/pre-modifier-2dc80c3d595a484eba99f19e266616cd)|
> [์์ด๋ฌธ๋ฒ ์์์ด(modifier)์ ๋ณต ์์ดํผ์ฃผ๊ธฐ](https://m.blog.naver.com/PostView.nhn?blogId=llcedu&logNo=220363124474&proxyReferer=https:%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2F)
| 9255de3ce508449d9a5ead7062efd808 |
|
Infix | Grammar Notion | Apr 13, 2022 | Alan Jo | Alan Jo | Apr 13, 2022 | 4360e74e5c2e4d1cb2d4843d46fc9a54 |
||
Nonterminal Symbol | Grammar Notion | Oct 7, 2022 | Alan Jo | Alan Jo | Oct 7, 2022 |
## Recursive & Descent
**those symbols that can be replaced**
also be called simply syntactic variables
| f6f471ec55ca42d3b1edf64296a89899 |
|
Prefix | Grammar Notion | Apr 13, 2022 | Alan Jo | Alan Jo | Apr 13, 2022 | b5bed1129c8a435c81ed2063af747350 |
||
Suffix | Grammar Notion | Apr 13, 2022 | Alan Jo | Alan Jo | Apr 13, 2022 | d61f4ecf8c9e4e98b89e26dbb538a92d |
||
Terminal Symbol | Grammar Notion | May 5, 2021 | Alan Jo | Alan Jo | Apr 13, 2022 | cdbd9bfb038e4cc6978b0f243596db49 |
||
Special Character | Characters | Sep 28, 2022 | Alan Jo | Alan Jo | Sep 28, 2022 |
### Special Characters
|Title|
|:-:|
|[Brace](https://texonom.com/brace-2ed72f65a00046a9bc14062121086921)|
|[Bracket](https://texonom.com/bracket-a180b1f70c924e4e83178ed708947708)|
| 20a8c2a9fb2f4824869de6dadd3ceae2 |
|
Brace | Special Characters | Sep 28, 2022 | Alan Jo | Alan Jo | Sep 28, 2022 |
์ค๊ดํธ
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Bracket | Special Characters | Sep 28, 2022 | Alan Jo | Alan Jo | Sep 28, 2022 |
๊บฝ์๊ดํธ
๋๊ดํธ
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Post modifier | Grammatical modifiers | Apr 25, 2023 | Alan Jo | Alan Jo | Apr 25, 2023 | 909dc04af39649ca96cb3b2f09b54bfc |
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Pre Modifier | Grammatical modifiers | Apr 25, 2023 | Alan Jo | Alan Jo | Apr 25, 2023 | 2dc80c3d595a484eba99f19e266616cd |
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Context Free Grammar | Grammars | Oct 5, 2022 | Alan Jo | Alan Jo | Oct 5, 2022 | [Grammar](https://texonom.com/grammar-4a1ccf76557b418fb29be021abd9f2a1) |
# CFGs
Ways of specifying PL syntax
<details><summary>
**A context-free grammar is specified by a Tuple G = (V, T, P, S)**</summary>
1. V is variable (non-terminal symbol) set
2. T is terminal (terminal symbol / Token (at compiler)) set - like alphabet
3. P is production set - same head can exist `math: \subseteq V \times (V \cup U)^*`
4. S is **one **start symbol (sentence symbol) - `math: L(G) = \{w \in T^* \, | \, S \Rightarrow^* w\}`
- Any Regular Languages is CFL
- process of replacing Non-terminals to terminals
- where V, T, P is finite set
</details>
### Context Free Grammar Notion
|Title|
|:-:|
|[Parse Tree](https://texonom.com/parse-tree-be5cda47e60443378dcba8e52f8ee31c)|
|[CFG Production rule](https://texonom.com/cfg-production-rule-d713894589054bd6ae1f49848038bb58)|
|[Context Free rewriting](https://texonom.com/context-free-rewriting-ae239fa9964e4ff9981cc727c6546948)|
|[CFG Derivation](https://texonom.com/cfg-derivation-470857e93f004daf8e95987a6f9e207a)|
|[CFG Sentential Form](https://texonom.com/cfg-sentential-form-195e94e11ce7497bb9f9150e78ef1ffe)|
### Context Free Grammar Usages
|Title|
|:-:|
|[BNF (Backus Naur Form)](https://texonom.com/bnf-backus-naur-form-0a3b23609f294d30bf32fa6e537d414f)|
|[CNF (Chomsky normal form)](https://texonom.com/cnf-chomsky-normal-form-7e7baf8a9b114d7da7cf4dc10b50d4d5)|
|[GNF (Greibach normal form)](https://texonom.com/gnf-greibach-normal-form-981fb25c1dfe4254b96a47568b39bcd8)|
|[CFG Problem Solve Tip](https://texonom.com/cfg-problem-solve-tip-41e0f0d30b3d4eca812b14861ce6800f)|
|[CFG Removing ambiguity](https://texonom.com/cfg-removing-ambiguity-a71b0af979a04552bb0acbcc5d6e79e4)|
# Reference
> [[Study] Context Free Grammar (CFG)](https://talkingaboutme.tistory.com/498)
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Context-Sensitive Grammar | Grammars | May 5, 2021 | Alan Jo | Alan Jo | Apr 13, 2022 | 1639dc97e8894d76bb53550b18a72445 |
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**Parsing expression grammar** | Grammars | Apr 3, 2022 | Alan Jo | Alan Jo | Oct 5, 2022 |
## PEGs
Linear Time parsing
### **Parsing expression grammar Notion**
|Title|
|:-:|
|[Packrat Parsing](https://texonom.com/packrat-parsing-9cfc5590072b4525933ca071d694ae1b)|
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Regular Grammar | Grammars | May 5, 2021 | Alan Jo | Alan Jo | Apr 13, 2022 | 98198276196f48deb1902e06b7fc4ead |
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Unrestricted Grammar | Grammars | May 5, 2021 | Alan Jo | Alan Jo | Apr 13, 2022 | 67a3e248e2af4d85976aa712671c8e84 |
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CFG Derivation | Context Free Grammar Notion | Oct 5, 2022 | Alan Jo | Alan Jo | Oct 5, 2022 |
ใ
sequence of replacements of structure names by layouts on RHS, starting from the **start nonterminal**
Replacement by grammar and transition order determines derivation type
$$w_0 \Longrightarrow^* w_n \,\,\,where \,\, w\in\{V\cup U\}^*$$
Is called a derivation in G of `math: w_n \, from \,\, w_0` with derivation length n - so w is Sentential Form
- Since CFG has ambiguity(make logical error) in derivation order (so we can pre-detect by syntax error)
### Left-most derivation
Always replace(terminalize) left-most variable
### Right-most derivation
Always replace right-most variable
- make different Parse tree
> Top-down approach
> 1. left-recursive grammar - can occur infinite recursive โ so make prime and divide to right-recursive
> 2. right-recursive grammar
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CFG Production rule | Context Free Grammar Notion | Oct 5, 2022 | Alan Jo | Alan Jo | Oct 5, 2022 |
- (rule-)head results (rule-)body
- start symbol should have non-terminal or empty string
> $$nonterminal \,\,(head) \to \{terminal\, |\,\, nonterminal \,\,|\,\, empty\} \,\,(body)$$
### - notational convention
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CFG Sentential Form | Context Free Grammar Notion | Oct 5, 2022 | Alan Jo | Alan Jo | Oct 5, 2022 |
sentential form: `math: S \Longrightarrow^* \alpha \,\,and\,\, \alpha \in (V\cup U)^*`
left-sentential form: `math: S \Longrightarrow_{lm}^* \alpha`
right-sentential form: `math: S \Longrightarrow_{rm}^* \alpha`
> L(G) element is same with sentential form which are in T*
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Context Free rewriting | Context Free Grammar Notion | Oct 5, 2022 | Alan Jo | Alan Jo | Oct 5, 2022 |
### Production rule applied to any non-terminal symbol
Rewrite rule to specific start string is language generation method independent on the context of its left-handed side of derivation - like recursive induction โ can make nested model (impossible at Regular Expression)
> Good for parenthesis
> tip - left parenthesis means open bracket and right means close
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Parse Tree | Context Free Grammar Notion | Oct 5, 2022 | Alan Jo | Alan Jo | Oct 5, 2022 |
# Syntax tree
A labeled tree corresponding to a derivation
if w in L(G) has parse trees โ tell syntactic structure of w
<details><summary>
**Tree representations of derivations that eliminate irrelevant production order**</summary>
1. **internal nodes **: nonterminals
2. **left nodes **: terminals (external nodes)
3. **frontier **: left-to-right sequence of its external nodes
4. **yield of a syntax tree **: string defined by its frontier
5. **relation** : a derivation step
</details>
> **unambiguous : **Grammar attribute if there is one parse tree for all each string
> several derivation : not dangerous
> several parse tree(ambiguous) : dangerous for grammar
### but we cannot remove ambiguity every time - inherent ambiguity
# Parse Tree and Derivation
**Claim** : Given a CFG G = (V,T,S,P), for any A โ V and ฮฑ โ (V โชT)*
> A* โ ฮฑ i๏ฌ there is a derivation tree with root labeled A and whose yield is ฮฑ
> 
<details><summary>
**Proof by induction - pretty complex**</summary>
(only-if part) - induction on step
> **Basis **: If A* โ ฮฑ in a single step, then A โ ฮฑ is a production in P. There is a tree of height 1 with root A and leaves the symbols in ฮฑ
> **Induction**
> 1. Let A* โ ฮฑ in k + 1 steps. Then, A โ* ฮฑ_1Xฮฑ_2 โ ฮฑ_1ฮณฮฑ_2 = ฮฑ, where X โ ฮณ is a production.
> 2. In k step we assume there is a tree ฯ with root A and yields ฮฑ_1Xฮฑ_2 fro induction (IH)
> 3. Let ฮณ = X_1ยทยทยทXn, where X_i โ VโชT
> 4. We construct a (k + 1)th tree by adding leaves X1,...,Xn by making them children of X
(if part) - induction on the number of internal nodes
> **Basis : **If there is only one internal node, then it must look like. Then, ฮฑ = X_1ยทยทยทXn and A โ ฮฑ is a **production**. Thus, A โ* ฮฑ
> **Induction**
> 1. let if k internal nodes, then A โ* ฮฑ (IH)
> 2. Assume same case that ฮฑ is a yield of a tree k + 1 internal nodes.
> 3. Let X_1,X_2,...,Xn be the children of the root ordered from the left. Note that not all X_i are leaves(all is basis case), and A โ X_1X_2ยทยทยทXn is a production
> 4. let ฮฑi be the yield of the tree rooted at Xi, whether X_i is leaf or not, since parent order determine descendents' order, **ฮฑ = ฮฑ_1ฮฑ_2...ฮฑ_n**
> 5. Each sub-tree rooted at **X_i has at most k internal nodes**. Therefore, X_i โ* ฮฑ_i (by IH)
> 6. Thus, A = X_1X_2ยทยทยทX_n โ* ฮฑ_1X_2ยทยทยทXn โ* ฮฑ_1ฮฑ_2ยทยทยทXn โ* ฮฑ1ยทยทยทฮฑ_n = ฮฑ
>
</details>
Basic figure of (if part)
induction figure of (if part)
### **Issue: match derivation well, but not in a concise form**
so we use [Abstract Syntax Tree](https://texonom.com/abstract-syntax-tree-ec68a9b8a4414916b837334579a6c297)
> **IH** : Induction Hypothesis is hypothesis for prove induction
> **Context-Freeness** : if X โ* ฮณ, then ฮฑXฮฒ โ* ฮฑฮณฮฒ.
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BNF (Backus Naur Form) | Context Free Grammar Usages | Oct 5, 2022 | Alan Jo | Alan Jo | Oct 7, 2022 |
- left-hand side (LHS) defines the name of a structure
- right-hand side (RHS) gives its possible layouts
[EBNF](https://texonom.com/ebnf-432ac09f7b714aa2a7e6cd92478d9ac1)
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CFG Problem Solve Tip | Context Free Grammar Usages | Oct 5, 2022 | Alan Jo | Alan Jo | Oct 5, 2022 |
# Problem Solve Tip
- design CFG is like peeling onion - start from right and left side โ cannot effect both side โ so represent required string - ex. a^(k+n)b^k c^n โ a^n a^k b^k c^k โ we can peel n
- CFG only solve add โ so make sub to add - ex. a = b - c โ b = a + c
- remove lambda โ unit โ redundant โ CNF
1. Remove ฮป-productions
2. Remove unit productions
3. Remove redundant symbols
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CFG Removing ambiguity | Context Free Grammar Usages | Oct 5, 2022 | Alan Jo | Alan Jo | Oct 5, 2022 |
<details><summary>
**No algorithgm - make higher binding strength terminal to lower part of tree**</summary>
1. no grouping of sequences - make precedence grouping symbol
2. Since there is no precedence - solve by binding strength**factor** : cannot be broken apart by an adjacent**term : **cannot be broken by small binding strength**expressions : **all**Identifier : **operand for operation like terminal
> ```typeE -> T|E + T # != T + ET -> F|T * FF -> I | (E)I -> ...```
</details>
- various left / right most derivation imply various parse tree
> 
> โ left, right distinct derivation go along
# Simplification**s**
1. Remove ฮป-productions
2. Remove unit productions
3. Remove redundant symbols - unreachable, non-terminating
<details><summary>
We only** consider CFLs that do not have the empty string ฮป **since it makes easy to understand many claims and proofs. **This does not lose generality**</summary>
- just by adding new start symbol method `math: S_0 \rightarrow S \, | \, \lambda`
- To any nontrivial results, there is method of obtaining G' `math: L(G') = L(G) \, \backslash \, {\lambda}`
</details>
## Substitution rule
$$A โ x_1Bx_2\\B โ y_1 \,|\,y_2 \,|\, \dots \,|\, y_n\\A โ x_1y_1x_2 \,|\,x_1y_2x_2 \,|\, \dots \,|\, x_1y_nx_2$$
<details><summary>
G' constructed by replacing variable A,B with A' in G has same CFL - by first and second line, we can construct final line (y can be sentential form)</summary>
### Proof - easy
- if `math: w \in L(G),` then `math: w \in L(G')`
1. by assumption, `math: S โ^*_G w`
2. if this derivation does not use production `math: A โ x_1Bx_2`, it is immediate that `math: S \rightarrow^*_{G'} w`
3. if it does, at G, `math: S โ^*_G u_1Au_2 โ_G u_1x_1Bx_2u_2 โ_G u_1x_1y_jx_2u_2`
4. if it does, at G, `math: S โ^*_{G'} u_1Au_2 โ_{G'} u_1x_1y_jx_2u_2`
5. we reach the same sentential form with G and G'
6. by induction of rewriting steps, we have *then* part
- if `math: w \in L(G'),` then `math: w \in L(G)` case also has same sentential form
</details>
## 2. Removing redundant symbols
All terminals in T are always terminating
4. **non-terminating **: unable to derive any terminal strings
5. **unreachable** : does not appear in any sentential form
**Redundant** : non-terminating remove by substitution and unreachable removed directly
### Algorithms
- detect terminating symbols
A in V has a production that consists solely of terminating symbols then A is terminating - start from terminal and lambda
- detect reachable symbols (terminal is symbol either)
if A is reachable then all symbols in A are reachable - start from S
## 3. Removing ฮป-productions
ฮป-**free** : G property if G has no null production
ฮป-**variable** : `math: A โ^+ ฮป`
<details><summary>
**If no ฮป-productions โ length *****monotonically *****increasing**</summary>
1. Find set `math: V_N` of all ฮป-variables of G(a) Find all ฮป-productions and put that variable into `math: V_N`(b) Foll all production B โ `math: A_1A_2 \dots A_n`, where `math: A_1A_2 \dots A_n \in V_N` then put B into `math: V_N`
2. For each element A of `math: V_N`
> $$A \rightarrow x_1x_2\dotsx x_m\,\, for \,\,mโฅ1$$
> from variable which has ฮป-production where `math: x_i \in V \cup T`, we add new production by replacing ฮป-variable in all possible combinations from that production symbol (combination of variable which can be ฮป)
3. Remove all ฮป-productions
4. Then finally remove all non-terminating symbols
</details>
> ฮป-productions = empty production = null production
> production means of 'or' part, not all of right side of p in P
## 4. Removing unit productions
**Unit production **: A โ B by substitution rule
**Claim**
> Given a CFG G = (V,T,P,S) without ฮป-productions, there is an equivalent CFG G' = (V 0,T,S,P') that does not have any unit productions
<details><summary>
M**ethod**</summary>
If a unit production is A โ A, then, we can remove it from P immediately without a๏ฌecting L(G).
In case of A โ B, for each variable A, we ๏ฌnd all variables such that A* โ B using a **dependency graph** for variables in V based on P. (A*โB holds when there is a path from A to B in the graph.)
1. Put into P' all non-unit productions of P
**And then remove unreachable**
2. For all A and B of A*โB**(**has transitive property**)**, we add to P' A โ y1 | y2 |ยทยทยท| yn, where B โ y1 | y2 |ยทยทยท| yn is the set of all rules in P' with B on the left **from not dependency which has not B**
</details>
- in this picture remove B
- final is new + right down - unit production
**So by these 4 Simplification, given a CFG, there is an equivalent CFG that does not have any redundant symbols, ฮป-productions or unit productions.**
| a71b0af979a04552bb0acbcc5d6e79e4 |
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CNF (Chomsky normal form) | Context Free Grammar Usages | Oct 5, 2022 | Alan Jo | Alan Jo | Oct 5, 2022 |
Productions are one of the following two forms / Aโ BC or A โ ฯ
so A โ ฮฑ, ฮฑ has at most two symbols; namely, |ฮฑ| โค 2 (ฮฑ is sentential form)
**Claim**
> for every CFL L, there exists a CFG in CNF for L
<details><summary>
**Proof**</summary>
First, eliminate ฮป-productions and then unit productions from G. Then, the new production rules are
**Step 1. **We introduce new variables Ba,Bb,Bc,ยทยทยท Bt for terminals in (c) and (d)Change terminal t as Bt and add production Bt โ t**Step 2. **We introduce additional variables for A โ ฮฑ โ V* , where |ฮฑ|โฅ 3ex. S โ ABC to S โ AF, F โ BC
</details>
| 7e7baf8a9b114d7da7cf4dc10b50d4d5 |
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GNF (Greibach normal form) | Context Free Grammar Usages | Oct 5, 2022 | Alan Jo | Alan Jo | Oct 5, 2022 |
Productions are one of the following two forms / A โ ฯx where ฯ โ T and x โ V* (**Front terminal only**)
**Claim**
> Given a CFG G, we can compute an equivalent CFG G' in GNF. This implies that, for every CFL L, there exists a CFG in GNF for L
<details><summary>
**Proof**</summary>
eliminate the followings needed
(a) Front recursions: A โ AB
> 
> remove recursion production and add (other productions in same variable)(new variable)
> new variable โ (part after recursion)(new variable) | (part after recursion)
>
(b) Front non-terminals: A โ BCa
> 
> by substitution rule
>
(c) Non-front terminals: A โ bBaC
> 
> like CNF make terminal to non-terminal
</details>
| 981fb25c1dfe4254b96a47568b39bcd8 |
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EBNF | BNF (Backus Naur Form) | null | null | null | null | null |
Extended BNF | 432ac09f7b714aa2a7e6cd92478d9ac1 |
**Packrat Parsing** | Parsing expression grammar Notion | Apr 3, 2022 | Alan Jo | Alan Jo | Apr 3, 2022 |
๊ธฐ์กด LR ํ์์ ๋ง์ฐฌ๊ฐ์ง๋ก packrat ํ์๋ ์ ํ ์๊ฐ์ผ๋ก ์คํ
๋ฉ๋ชจ๋ฆฌ ์ฌ์ฉ
> [What is packrat parsing?](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/1410477/what-is-packrat-parsing)
> [Packrat Parsing and Parsing Expression Grammars](https://bford.info/packrat/)
| 9cfc5590072b4525933ca071d694ae1b |
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Formal Language | Languages | Nov 26, 2021 | Alan Jo | Alan Jo | Jan 17, 2023 |
### Formal Languages
|Title|
|:-:|
|[Template Language](https://texonom.com/template-language-c24856fd5cfb49d78c7b1783fcc6128b)|
|[Interface Description Language](https://texonom.com/interface-description-language-c34ce81585dc47e98003c08cf804bc8e)|
|[Configuration Language](https://texonom.com/configuration-language-c22c4ea367b6463eadf7360d80246180)|
|[Document Language](https://texonom.com/document-language-9e3a1ece33c341e7a25917e10921a43d)|
### Formal Language Notion
|Title|
|:-:|
|[Alphabet](https://texonom.com/alphabet-35edfc5226a74993ac4402b11f2ed835)|
|[Symbol](https://texonom.com/symbol-d52955a686644f109db9c2973c3c5af0)|
|[String](https://texonom.com/string-434ff195de814810b8765a3e06f56c5a)|
|[Sentence](https://texonom.com/sentence-6be3e548d0b947dba2e5f068b5885460)|
> [์ปดํ์ผ๋ฌ๋ ์ด๋ป๊ฒ ๋ด๊ฐ ์์ฑํ ์ฝ๋๋ฅผ ์ธ์ํ๋๊ฑธ๊น? - ์ฌ๊ทธ์ง๊ทธ์ ๊ฐ๋ฐ ๋ธ๋ก๊ทธ](https://wormwlrm.github.io/2021/04/18/Formal-Language-and-Compiler.html)
| 8e9c2748ddd24352a582f48325b6e250 |
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Natural Language | Languages | Feb 16, 2020 | Alan Jo | Alan Jo | May 8, 2023 | [Text Analysis](https://texonom.com/text-analysis-bf74204abecf46119d5f2db64d55d5de) |
์ธ์ด๋ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์ผ๋ก ์ทจ์ง์ด ์ ๋๋ ๋ฐฉํฅ์ผ๋ก ํ์ฐ๋์๋ค
ํ์ง๋ง ์์ด๋ ์ฅ๊ธฐ์ , ๋ณธ์ง์ ์ผ๋ก๋ ์ค์ํ์ง ์๋ค ์ฅ๋ฒฝ๋ง ๋ฎ์ถฐ์ค ๋ฟ
### Natural Languages
|Title|
|:-:|
|[English](https://texonom.com/english-05398caa92c3422b8a5bb178b4851924)|
|[French Lang](https://texonom.com/french-lang-c1f1f4949c6b4654b2514dcdd1fb5900)|
|[Indian](https://texonom.com/indian-8fce0cde74de48698b827bbfee032f0c)|
|[์๊ธฐ๋ฌธ์](https://texonom.com/efd1021f61bb46d5828df92b642e2075)|
|[Sign Language](https://texonom.com/sign-language-bd25a5b149b94cec9a977e8a8d6e62b3)|
### Natural Language Notion
|Title|
|:-:|
|[Learn Language](https://texonom.com/learn-language-d46fe87ec7de4c96bb44164fc7f757ef)|
|[Natural language Meta](https://texonom.com/natural-language-meta-ae2bf0faee8c4188b05c0116c5f5b423)|
|[Voice](https://texonom.com/voice-2ebf4aaf02f74dadb7fada03edca91a5)|
|[Natural Language Tool](https://texonom.com/natural-language-tool-12d6d2f94b23409baba03938fee6e84b)|
|[Filler Words](https://texonom.com/filler-words-f74aede671284acaa8fc0acb331f10fd)|
|[Abbreviation](https://texonom.com/abbreviation-d91482b723e34b31a8505549fc47e339)|
|[Jargon](https://texonom.com/jargon-34762f44fa274054971e68e535727263)|
|[Etymology](https://texonom.com/etymology-50ed2863e59d48fbb6d462f947cd8df0)|
> [[๋น์ ์ํ๋ด][169-3] ใ์กฐ์น์ฐ์ ์์ด ๋๋ค์ดใ ํ๋์ค์ด ์ํฅ ๋ฐ์ ๋จ์ด & ์ต๊ธ๋ก์์จ์กฑ์ด ์ฌ์ฉํ๋ ๋จ์ด (Abormal Summit)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-bCSHRBEwwQ)
> [๋ง๋ ์ดํด๋ฆฌ๋ค์์์ดํ](https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A7%90%EB%A0%88%EC%9D%B4%ED%8F%B4%EB%A6%AC%EB%84%A4%EC%8B%9C%EC%95%84%EC%96%B4%ED%8C%8C)
| 58438af54d374ed3a8d0097f3b123a34 |
Alphabet | Formal Language Notion | May 5, 2021 | Alan Jo | Alan Jo | Sep 28, 2022 |
Infinite set of symbol
| 35edfc5226a74993ac4402b11f2ed835 |
|
Sentence | Formal Language Notion | May 5, 2021 | Alan Jo | Alan Jo | Apr 11, 2023 |
์ด๋ค ์ธ์ด์ ์ํ๋ ์คํธ๋ง | 6be3e548d0b947dba2e5f068b5885460 |
|
String | Formal Language Notion | May 5, 2021 | Alan Jo | Alan Jo | Aug 21, 2022 |
์ํ๋ฒณ์ผ๋ก๋ถํฐ ์์ฑ๋ ์ฌ๋ฒ์ ์ ํ์์ด
[Parser](https://texonom.com/parser-3c4d9ebc7e7a4bab96c80ea4a9c6fbd9)
| 434ff195de814810b8765a3e06f56c5a |
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Symbol | Formal Language Notion | May 5, 2021 | Alan Jo | Alan Jo | Apr 11, 2023 |
์ต์ํ์ ์๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์ง๋ ๋จ์
### Symbols
|Title|
|:-:|
|[Asterisk](https://texonom.com/asterisk-33ea810bb15848c2a358ccf6850f1ffb)|
|[Ampersand](https://texonom.com/ampersand-fca39989bbdf45f5af0233b310cc4525)|
| d52955a686644f109db9c2973c3c5af0 |
|
Parser | String | null | null | null | null | null |
[jc](https://github.com/kellyjonbrazil/jc)
| 3c4d9ebc7e7a4bab96c80ea4a9c6fbd9 |
Ampersand | Symbols | Apr 25, 2023 | Alan Jo | Alan Jo | Apr 25, 2023 |
## `&`
and
Latin and is et
et โ &
| fca39989bbdf45f5af0233b310cc4525 |
|
Asterisk | Symbols | Apr 11, 2023 | Alan Jo | Alan Jo | Apr 11, 2023 |
*
| 33ea810bb15848c2a358ccf6850f1ffb |
|
Configuration Language | Formal Languages | Apr 5, 2021 | Alan Jo | Alan Jo | Aug 9, 2023 | [Serialization](https://texonom.com/serialization-30ba5b9c09d8487a9ea844e050b5e084) [Protobuf](https://texonom.com/protobuf-0857bed51f6b4161b1022e3beb8ca24f) |
### Configuration Languages
|Title|
|:-:|
|[Cue Lang](https://texonom.com/cue-lang-b7d92dcd1c264de9a0610c34da2ded62)|
|[JSON](https://texonom.com/json-71ad4e6adbf4411fb5bfd89ed18bf64e)|
|[yaml](https://texonom.com/yaml-7955e615d09a446db0935eb6d1f3eb77)|
|[toml](https://texonom.com/toml-b10d58633abb4865a66b65d52192ed2c)|
|[INI](https://texonom.com/ini-a83e399425dc4bd8b87b52dbf22c5afe)|
|[Starlark](https://texonom.com/starlark-195a2f4af0584221be85d79ef99a6d6d)|
|[CSV](https://texonom.com/csv-eb09b1be7288481e8e2f240ba9e25f16)|
|[Nickel](https://texonom.com/nickel-b834b79e43bd4ba48e570efc0e60f6a8)|
|[Jesth](https://texonom.com/jesth-06162ad8e70245d7bf86bd5a1331339c)|
### Configuration Language Tools
|Title|
|:-:|
|[Miller](https://texonom.com/miller-06031348547f430d891b69230dddb169)|
> [GitHub - dbohdan/structured-text-tools: A list of command line tools for manipulating structured text data](https://github.com/dbohdan/structured-text-tools?utm_source=tldrnewsletter)
| c22c4ea367b6463eadf7360d80246180 |
Document Language | Formal Languages | Nov 5, 2019 | Alan Jo | Seong-lae Cho | Nov 7, 2022 | [Text Editor](https://texonom.com/text-editor-bdda5f22398247678bc2f465340409e0) |
### Document Languages
|Title|
|:-:|
|[Markdown](https://texonom.com/markdown-61153348fa9c48bfba3d9f94321b5451)|
|[LaTex](https://texonom.com/latex-d0a2b09d09014eea957e074b1e59af45)|
|[RST](https://texonom.com/rst-64cb33050af44f3c85cb927e8275a904)|
|[Markup Language](https://texonom.com/markup-language-7d23478bb75a4660a7bf6810d4feeaf1)|
|[Typst](https://texonom.com/typst-a3989499a6b7479aa9fe15388a959bf2)|
### Document Format
|Title|
|:-:|
|[EPUB](https://texonom.com/epub-a357e222c7e441758dbeb287458a3036)|
|[PDF](https://texonom.com/pdf-a46c1442c11f4c08b07b58f3474a79fe)|
| 9e3a1ece33c341e7a25917e10921a43d |
Interface Description Language | Formal Languages | Apr 5, 2021 | Alan Jo | Alan Jo | Aug 9, 2023 | [Serialization](https://texonom.com/serialization-30ba5b9c09d8487a9ea844e050b5e084) [Configuration Language](https://texonom.com/configuration-language-c22c4ea367b6463eadf7360d80246180) |
์ํํธ์จ์ด ์ปดํฌ๋ํธ์ ์ธํฐํ์ด์ค๋ฅผ ๋ฌ์ฌํ๊ธฐ ์ํ ๋ช
์ธ ์ธ์ด
์ด๋ ํ ์ธ์ด์ ๊ตญํ๋์ง ์๋ ์ธ์ด์ค๋ฆฝ์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ์ผ๋ก ์ธํฐํ์ด์ค๋ฅผ ํํํจ์ผ๋ก์จ, ๊ฐ์ ์ธ์ด๋ฅผ ์ฌ์ฉํ์ง ์๋ ์ํํธ์จ์ด ์ปดํฌ๋ํธ ์ฌ์ด์ ํต์ ์ ๊ฐ๋ฅํ๊ฒ ํ๋ค.
IDL ์ ๋ณดํต RPC๋ฅผ ์ด์ฉํ ์ํํธ์จ์ด์์ ์ฌ์ฉ๋๋ค. ์ด๋, RPC "์ฐ๊ฒฐ"์ ์ ์ชฝ์ ์๋ ์ปดํจํฐ๋ ๋ค๋ฅธ ์ด์ ์ฒด์ ์ ํ๋ก๊ทธ๋๋ฐ ์ธ์ด๋ฅผ ์ฌ์ฉํ ์ ์๋ค
IDL์ ๋ค๋ฅธ ๋ ๊ฐ์ ์์คํ
์ ์ฐ๊ฒฐํ๋ ๋ค๋ฆฌ ์ญํ
### Interface Description Languages
|Title|
|:-:|
|[Protobuf](https://texonom.com/protobuf-0857bed51f6b4161b1022e3beb8ca24f)|
| c34ce81585dc47e98003c08cf804bc8e |
Template Language | Formal Languages | Apr 5, 2021 | Alan Jo | Alan Jo | Jul 21, 2022 |
### Template Languages
|Title|
|:-:|
|[jsonnet](https://texonom.com/jsonnet-30c672630b754e00a3e1c78a258900e5)|
| c24856fd5cfb49d78c7b1783fcc6128b |
|
Miller | Configuration Language Tools | Aug 26, 2021 | Alan Jo | Alan Jo | Aug 26, 2021 |
## Cat of csv json, configuration language
> [GitHub - johnkerl/miller: Miller is like awk, sed, cut, join, and sort for name-indexed data such as CSV, TSV, and tabular JSON](https://github.com/johnkerl/miller?utm_source=tldrnewsletter)
| 06031348547f430d891b69230dddb169 |
|
CSV | Configuration Languages | Aug 26, 2021 | Alan Jo | Alan Jo | Sep 9, 2023 | โฃ | eb09b1be7288481e8e2f240ba9e25f16 |
|
Cue Lang | Configuration Languages | Dec 21, 2022 | Alan Jo | Alan Jo | Dec 21, 2022 | โฃ |
### Cue Lang Usages
|Title|
|:-:|
### Spec
> [cue/spec.md at master ยท cue-lang/cue](https://github.com/cue-lang/cue/blob/master/doc/ref/spec.md)
> [CUE](https://cuelang.org/)
| b7d92dcd1c264de9a0610c34da2ded62 |
INI | Configuration Languages | Apr 16, 2021 | Alan Jo | Alan Jo | Aug 26, 2021 |
์ค์ ํ์ผ์ ๋ํ de facto ํ์ค
์ค์ ํ์ผ์ ๋ํ de facto ํ์ค.CFG
conf๋ฑ์ ๋ค๋ฅธ ํ์ฅ์๋ฅผ ์ฌ์ฉํ๊ธฐ๋
[toml](https://texonom.com/toml-b10d58633abb4865a66b65d52192ed2c) ์ ์ํฅ์ค
| a83e399425dc4bd8b87b52dbf22c5afe |
|
Jesth | Configuration Languages | May 19, 2023 | Alan Jo | Alan Jo | May 19, 2023 |
[jesth](https://github.com/pyrustic/jesth)
| 06162ad8e70245d7bf86bd5a1331339c |
|
JSON | Configuration Languages | Jan 24, 2020 | Alan Jo | Alan Jo | Feb 27, 2023 | [Cue Lang](https://texonom.com/cue-lang-b7d92dcd1c264de9a0610c34da2ded62) |
๊ทธ ์์ฒด๋ก ์ ์ ์ด๊ณ , ๋ค๋ฅธ ํ์ผ์ ์ข
์๋์ง ์์ํ ํจ
- multi line string ์ด ์๋๋ค๋ ๋จ์
- do not support hex decimal ๋ ์๋
```typedelete myObj.test.key1;```
### JSON Usages
|Title|
|:-:|
|[JSONNET](https://texonom.com/jsonnet-1ebb9cab112a4be59d88005e4c17e615)|
|[JSON5](https://texonom.com/json5-e9c3920252b24a0eafa21de5ee52e3fb)|
|[gron](https://texonom.com/gron-d6dad2684baa4177952f12ba6354c737)|
|[jq](https://texonom.com/jq-0cb86c905d8046e5ab722b841ca7d93c)|
|[zed](https://texonom.com/zed-d7c4b82489ed433a80bbc6cbd33a5e98)|
|[moshi](https://texonom.com/moshi-e2e4781c07854082a442186553b67589)|
|[sjson](https://texonom.com/sjson-8ce42260677c4aef9ed3e209c45b18d4)|
|[GRON](https://texonom.com/gron-aded7741d9a940818ae127eb030ed16e)|
|[Tysjon](https://texonom.com/tysjon-bbf391014dda46e1bc70084e4a1c1339)|
> [Remove a JSON attribute](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/1219630/remove-a-json-attribute)
| 71ad4e6adbf4411fb5bfd89ed18bf64e |
****Nickel**** | Configuration Languages | Mar 14, 2022 | Alan Jo | Alan Jo | Mar 14, 2022 | โฃ [Nix](https://texonom.com/nix-587d7baff6ee4cd1a6ca1d4012835c76) |
Nickel is an evolution of the Nix language
```type$ ./nickel export --format json <<< '{foo = "Hello, world!"}'{ "foo": "Hello, world!"}```
- **Lightweight**: Nickel is easy to embed. An interpreter should be simple to implement. The reference interpreter can be called from many programming languages.
- **Composable code**: the basic building blocks for computing are functions. They are first-class citizens, which can be passed around, called and composed.
- **Composable data**: the basic building blocks for data are records (calledย *objects*ย in JSON). In Nickel, records can be merged at will, including associated metadata (documentation, default values, type contracts, etc).
- **Typed, but only when it helps**: static types improve code quality, serve as documentation and eliminate bugs early. But application-specific self-contained code will always evaluate to the same value, so type errors will show up at runtime anyway. Some JSON is hard to type. There, types are only a burden. Whereas reusable code - that is,ย *functions*ย - is evaluated on potentially infinitely many different inputs, and is impossible to test exhaustively. There, types are precious. Nickel has types, but you get to choose when you want it or not, and it handles safely the interaction between the typed and the untyped world.
- **Design by contract**: complementary to the type system, contracts are a principled approach to checking assertions. The interpreter automatically inserts assertions at the boundary between typed and untyped code. Nickel lets users add arbitrary assertions of their own and easily understand why when assertions fail.
| b834b79e43bd4ba48e570efc0e60f6a8 |
Starlark | Configuration Languages | Aug 4, 2021 | Alan Jo | Alan Jo | Mar 14, 2022 | [Bazel](https://texonom.com/bazel-270a65a726be4c95be27dbafdd371847) |
> [GitHub - bazelbuild/starlark: Starlark Language](https://github.com/bazelbuild/starlark)
| 195a2f4af0584221be85d79ef99a6d6d |
toml | Configuration Languages | Apr 16, 2021 | Alan Jo | Alan Jo | Aug 26, 2021 |
### Tom's Obvious, Minimal Language
| b10d58633abb4865a66b65d52192ed2c |
|
yaml | Configuration Languages | Nov 5, 2019 | Alan Jo | Seong-lae Cho | Dec 21, 2022 | [Cue Lang](https://texonom.com/cue-lang-b7d92dcd1c264de9a0610c34da2ded62) |
JSON์ ์ต์ฐ์ ์ค๊ณ ๋ชฉํ๋ ๊ฐํธ์ฑ๊ณผ ๋ณดํธ์ฑ์ด๋ค. ๋ฐ๋ผ์ JSON์ ๊ฐ๋
์ฑ์ ์กฐ๊ธ ๋จ์ดํธ๋ฆฌ๋ ๋์ ์ ์์ฑ ๋ฐ ํ์ฑ์ด ์ฉ์ดํ๋ค.๋ฐ๋ฉด์ YAML์ ์ต์ฐ์ ์ค๊ณ ๋ชฉํ๋ ๊ฐ๋
์ฑ๊ณผ ๋ฐ์ดํฐ ๊ตฌ์กฐ Serialization์ด๋ค. ๋ฐ๋ผ์ YAML์ ์ฌ๋์ด ์ฝ๊ธฐ ์ฌ์ด ๋ฐ๋ฉด์ ์์ฑ ๋ฐ ํ์ฑ์ด JSON ๋ณด๋ค ๋ณต์กํ๋ค.
> '์ผ๋ฏ'์ด๋ผ๊ณ ๋ฐ์
### use space not tab!
YAML์ JSON์ Superset์ผ๋ก ๋ณผ ์๋ ์๋ค.๋ชจ๋ JSON ํ์ผ์ ์ ํจํ YAML ํ์ผ์ด๋ค.๋ฐ๋ผ์ JSON์์ YAML๋ก ๋ง์ด๊ทธ๋ ์ด์
ํ๊ธฐ๊ฐ ์ฉ์ดํ๋ค.
ํ์ด์ฌ ์ปค๋ฎค๋ํฐ์์๋
`{ } : ,`
๊ณผ ๊ฐ์
[Indicator](https://perfectacle.github.io/2018/08/19/yaml/#Flow-Style-Indicator)
๋ณด๋ค๋ ํ์ด์ฌ ๋ฌธ๋ฒ๊ณผ ๋น์ทํ
[indent](https://perfectacle.github.io/2018/08/19/yaml/#Indentation)
๋ก indicate level์ ๊ตฌ๋ถํ๋ YAML์ ๋ ์ ํธํ๊ณ ,์๋ฐ์คํฌ๋ฆฝํธ ์ง์์์๋ ๋ณ๋์ ํ์๊ฐ ํ์์๊ณ , Javascript Object์ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๊ฐ ์ ์ฌํ JSON์ ์ ํธํ๋ ํธ์ด๋ค.
> [YAML](https://perfectacle.github.io/2018/08/19/yaml/)
- tool to json
> [Transform YAML into JSON - Online YAML Tools](https://onlineyamltools.com/convert-yaml-to-json)
- list
> [YAML Multi-Line Arrays](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/23657086/yaml-multi-line-arrays/33136212)
| 7955e615d09a446db0935eb6d1f3eb77 |
GRON | JSON Usages | May 31, 2023 | Alan Jo | Alan Jo | May 31, 2023 |
greppable json
[gron](https://github.com/tomnomnom/gron)
[fastgron](https://github.com/adamritter/fastgron)
| aded7741d9a940818ae127eb030ed16e |
|
gron | JSON Usages | May 26, 2021 | Alan Jo | Alan Jo | Feb 27, 2023 |
print json line to line
> [tomnomnom/gron](https://github.com/tomnomnom/gron?utm_source=tldrnewsletter)
| d6dad2684baa4177952f12ba6354c737 |
|
jq | JSON Usages | Sep 8, 2021 | Alan Jo | Alan Jo | Feb 27, 2023 |
### json cli process
> [GitHub - stedolan/jq: Command-line JSON processor](https://github.com/stedolan/jq)
| 0cb86c905d8046e5ab722b841ca7d93c |
|
JSON5 | JSON Usages | May 26, 2021 | Alan Jo | Alan Jo | Feb 27, 2023 |
- support hex decimal
- non quote property name
- multiline string
- trailing Comma
```type{ "a": 0x89, b: 3, multiline: 'Look, Mom! \No \\n's!',}```
> [JSON ํฌ๋งท์ ๋จ์ ์ ๋ณด์ํ JSON5 ๋ฅผ Node.js ์์ ์ฌ์ฉํด๋ณด์](https://ondemand.tistory.com/243)
| e9c3920252b24a0eafa21de5ee52e3fb |
|
JSONNET | JSON Usages | Apr 3, 2020 | Alan Jo | Alan Jo | Feb 27, 2023 |
[jsonnet](https://texonom.com/jsonnet-30c672630b754e00a3e1c78a258900e5)
> [Jsonnet - The Data Templating Language](https://jsonnet.org/)
| 1ebb9cab112a4be59d88005e4c17e615 |
|
moshi | JSON Usages | Feb 27, 2023 | Alan Jo | Alan Jo | Feb 27, 2023 |
[https://github.com/square/moshi](https://github.com/square/moshi)
| e2e4781c07854082a442186553b67589 |
|
sjson | JSON Usages | May 5, 2023 | Alan Jo | Alan Jo | May 5, 2023 | โฃ | 8ce42260677c4aef9ed3e209c45b18d4 |
|
Tysjon | JSON Usages | Jul 9, 2023 | Alan Jo | Alan Jo | Jul 9, 2023 | [TypeScript Type](https://texonom.com/typescript-type-8dc6a4dc13814c31960825b447d57925) |
[tyson](https://github.com/jetpack-io/tyson)
| bbf391014dda46e1bc70084e4a1c1339 |
zed | JSON Usages | May 11, 2022 | Alan Jo | Alan Jo | Feb 27, 2023 |
[Zed Langage](https://texonom.com/zed-langage-053406d0a68e47ad83b7acfbb54ca712)
[ZJON](https://texonom.com/zjon-dff37454c6ae4eb2a9c4d99e63a6e492)
[zed](https://github.com/brimdata/zed)
| d7c4b82489ed433a80bbc6cbd33a5e98 |
|
Zed Langage | zed | null | null | null | null | null |
> [https://zed.brimdata.io/docs/language/](https://zed.brimdata.io/docs/language/)
| 053406d0a68e47ad83b7acfbb54ca712 |
ZJON | zed | null | null | null | null | null |
> [ZSON Specification | Zed](https://zed.brimdata.io/docs/formats/zson/)
| dff37454c6ae4eb2a9c4d99e63a6e492 |
EPUB | Document Format | Apr 10, 2020 | Alan Jo | Alan Jo | Apr 4, 2021 |
์ ์์ฑ
๊ณต์ ํฌ๋งท | a357e222c7e441758dbeb287458a3036 |
|
PDF | Document Format | Dec 21, 2022 | Alan Jo | Alan Jo | Dec 21, 2022 |
> [Digitally sign PDF files from your CLI - openpdfsign](https://www.openpdfsign.org/)
| a46c1442c11f4c08b07b58f3474a79fe |
|
LaTex | Document Languages | Apr 13, 2020 | Alan Jo | Alan Jo | Mar 12, 2023 |
๋
ผ๋ฌธ ์ ๋ ์ฉ๋๋ก ๋ง์ด
์ํ ์ ์ ๊ธฐ ํธํจ
### LaTex Grammar
|Title|
|:-:|
|[Latex Math](https://texonom.com/latex-math-d18084ff2b114f43be7d8e14a1475acb)|
### LaTex Tools
|Title|
|:-:|
|[CalcuLaTeX](https://texonom.com/calculatex-3b847b4933584bfab9b4b70e22170f7d)|
|[Image 2 LaTex](https://texonom.com/image-2-latex-0abafb0c3dfa4b76abb376efef942c1b)|
### Code block
> [Inserting code in this LaTeX document with indentation](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/3175105/inserting-code-in-this-latex-document-with-indentation)
| d0a2b09d09014eea957e074b1e59af45 |
|
Markdown | Document Languages | Nov 5, 2019 | Alan Jo | Seong-lae Cho | Sep 17, 2023 | [WCAG](https://texonom.com/wcag-a0936161400c4a49af5c876f66d221ca) |
### Markdown Blocks
|Title|
|:-:|
|[Markdown Math](https://texonom.com/markdown-math-1aeae8f56ad64a59922eb079fc708983)|
|[inline md](https://texonom.com/inline-md-b313b0661ccb4cf783f8cf3198b8d54d)|
|[Font Style md](https://texonom.com/font-style-md-d5be922688924eb4b798dd7a40185d48)|
|[List md](https://texonom.com/list-md-251b6c0cbc6345c59a0303abcbf1e608)|
|[indent md](https://texonom.com/indent-md-3164d69c1b6b42759c8fa1e31c89b5d4)|
|[box md](https://texonom.com/box-md-0a4c43b11a6148a0bea20704c4dff65d)|
|[links md](https://texonom.com/links-md-87db1f651a594989b81d92406fdb1ee4)|
|[images md](https://texonom.com/images-md-7fe96a84ae85473b8d3fe1215cc5f87d)|
|[heading md](https://texonom.com/heading-md-6dd96d13d83f4e919c1ea33fbb4fdab2)|
|[SmartyPants md](https://texonom.com/smartypants-md-97596ade1c524168a7dcb073dc23b687)|
|[katex md](https://texonom.com/katex-md-6506feecaa8c49c39247a9454c649061)|
|[UML md](https://texonom.com/uml-md-9a5875e7a7544f54a4d6004c4c386300)|
|[table md](https://texonom.com/table-md-fee915809f81411ab322dbd3e1c33a86)|
### Markdown Tools
|Title|
|:-:|
|[Markdown Editor](https://texonom.com/markdown-editor-c7a80bb6cde94719b7cb7ca629cc8b86)|
|[Markdown Renderer](https://texonom.com/markdown-renderer-10eac02880ad4d4490ae685121617440)|
|[Markdown Property](https://texonom.com/markdown-property-c775f3fad9b2474793e133b3cd739d21)|
|[](https://texonom.com/2a189962830e4aa0a11807e2a69ee0f8)|
### Grammar
> [Basic Syntax | Markdown Guide](https://www.markdownguide.org/basic-syntax/)
> [Extended Syntax | Markdown Guide](https://www.markdownguide.org/extended-syntax/)
### readme
> [kefranabg/readme-md-generator](https://github.com/kefranabg/readme-md-generator)
### tips
> [MarkDown ์ฌ์ฉ๋ฒ ์ด์ ๋ฆฌ](https://heropy.blog/2017/09/30/markdown/)
> [Markdown Tables generator - TablesGenerator.com](https://www.tablesgenerator.com/markdown_tables)
| 61153348fa9c48bfba3d9f94321b5451 |
Markup Language | Document Languages | Mar 22, 2021 | Alan Jo | Alan Jo | Sep 12, 2023 | [HTML](https://texonom.com/html-ecf93e8b88c24e8886568dc47c18a1bd) [Data URL](https://texonom.com/data-url-a019eeb8e478440586d9875df3861dd2) โฃ |
### Markup Languages
|Title|
|:-:|
|[SGML](https://texonom.com/sgml-20b46992c2b84884b86295bd4a31b308)|
|[SGM](https://texonom.com/sgm-843faad8b4ce49f59e1c011f6b962511)|
|[XHTML](https://texonom.com/xhtml-1a25fba3a2d3447ba6b5f1839b857ae8)|
|[Marko](https://texonom.com/marko-571da4b82a964833888dc5e113f2c6f0)|
|[XML](https://texonom.com/xml-8f26e731ef014f73b55b3f084505fe03)|
|[Liquid](https://texonom.com/liquid-1e07f72906f94c09b809e9271444ffac)|
|[CookLang](https://texonom.com/cooklang-9bb9cbf3f743434ca9c3c2231cb25f3b)|
|[CommonMark](https://texonom.com/commonmark-f8eda32153d0487496f0b878b22bd711)|
|[HTML](https://texonom.com/html-ecf93e8b88c24e8886568dc47c18a1bd)|
| 7d23478bb75a4660a7bf6810d4feeaf1 |
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