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What is Python?
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Python is a high-level, interpreted programming language known for its simplicity and readability.
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How do you declare a variable in Python?
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You declare a variable by assigning a value using '=' (e.g., x = 10).
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What are Python鈥檚 key features?
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Python is dynamically typed, interpreted, object-oriented, and supports multiple paradigms.
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What is PEP 8?
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PEP 8 is the official style guide for Python code to improve code readability.
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How do you comment in Python?
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You can comment using '#' for single-line and triple quotes for multi-line comments.
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What are Python's data types?
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Common data types include int, float, str, list, tuple, dict, set, and bool.
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What is a list in Python?
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A list is an ordered, mutable collection of elements enclosed in square brackets.
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What is a tuple?
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A tuple is an ordered, immutable collection of elements enclosed in parentheses.
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What is the difference between a list and a tuple?
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Lists are mutable, while tuples are immutable.
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What is a dictionary in Python?
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A dictionary is an unordered collection of key-value pairs enclosed in curly braces.
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How do you create a dictionary?
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You create a dictionary using: my_dict = {'name': 'Alice', 'age': 25}.
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What is the difference between del and remove in lists?
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'del' removes an element by index, while 'remove' removes by value.
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What is slicing in Python?
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Slicing extracts parts of sequences using [start:end:step] notation.
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How do you reverse a list?
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You can reverse a list using list[::-1] or list.reverse().
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What is the difference between 'is' and '=='?
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'is' checks object identity, while '==' checks value equality.
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How do you iterate over a dictionary?
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You iterate using a loop: for key, value in dict.items():
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What is a set in Python?
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A set is an unordered collection of unique elements.
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What is a lambda function?
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A lambda function is an anonymous, single-expression function: lambda x: x * 2.
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How do you define a function in Python?
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Use the 'def' keyword: def my_function():
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What is the purpose of the return statement?
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The return statement exits a function and returns a value.
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What is recursion in Python?
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Recursion is when a function calls itself.
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What are *args and **kwargs?
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*args allows variable positional arguments, **kwargs allows variable keyword arguments.
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What is list comprehension?
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List comprehension provides a concise way to create lists.
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What is a generator in Python?
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Generators yield values one at a time using the 'yield' keyword.
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What is the difference between deep copy and shallow copy?
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A shallow copy copies references, while a deep copy creates a new independent object.
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What is an exception in Python?
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An exception is an error that occurs during program execution.
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How do you handle exceptions?
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Use try-except blocks to handle exceptions.
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What is the difference between 'try-except' and 'try-finally'?
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'try-except' handles errors; 'try-finally' ensures cleanup code runs.
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What is Python鈥檚 with statement?
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The 'with' statement manages resources automatically, like file handling.
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What is a module in Python?
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A module is a Python file containing reusable code.
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What are Python packages?
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A package is a collection of modules.
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How do you install external packages?
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Use 'pip install package_name' to install external packages.
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What is the difference between Python 2 and Python 3?
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Python 3 improved syntax and Unicode handling over Python 2.
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What is an iterator?
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An iterator is an object with a __next__() method.
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What is a Python decorator?
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A decorator modifies functions or methods dynamically.
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What is monkey patching?
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Monkey patching dynamically changes a module or class at runtime.
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What is the difference between staticmethod and classmethod?
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staticmethod doesn鈥檛 access the instance; classmethod operates on the class.
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What is the purpose of the __init__ method?
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__init__ initializes an instance of a class.
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What is self in Python classes?
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'self' refers to the instance of the class.
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What is inheritance in Python?
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Inheritance allows a class to inherit methods from a parent class.
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What is multiple inheritance?
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Multiple inheritance allows a class to inherit from multiple parents.
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What is polymorphism?
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Polymorphism allows different classes to use the same interface.
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What is encapsulation?
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Encapsulation restricts direct access to object attributes.
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What is an abstract class?
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An abstract class has at least one abstract method and cannot be instantiated.
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What is the purpose of super()?
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super() calls a method from the parent class.
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What is a metaclass in Python?
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A metaclass defines how classes behave.
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What are magic methods in Python?
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Magic methods (dunder methods) provide special functionalities, like __len__ or __add__.
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What is __str__ vs __repr__?
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__str__ returns a user-friendly string, while __repr__ is for debugging.
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How do you work with files in Python?
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Use open('file.txt', 'r') to open files in Python.
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How do you read a file line by line in Python?
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Use a loop: 'for line in open('file.txt'):' to read line by line.
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