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591d57b53ed828ce4587b1b8deaaaf29 | A Meaning-based English Math Word Problem Solver with Understanding, Reasoning and Explanation | [
{
"docid": "59e29fa12539757b5084cab8f1e1b292",
"text": "This article addresses the problem of understanding mathematics described in natural language. Research in this area dates back to early 1960s. Several systems have so far been proposed to involve machines to solve mathematical problems of various domains like algebra, geometry, physics, mechanics, etc. This correspondence provides a state of the art technical review of these systems and approaches proposed by different research groups. A unified architecture that has been used in most of these approaches is identified and differences among the systems are highlighted. Significant achievements of each method are pointed out. Major strengths and weaknesses of the approaches are also discussed. Finally, present efforts and future trends in this research area are presented.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "8fd830d62cceb6780d0baf7eda399fdf",
"text": "Little work from the Natural Language Processing community has targeted the role of quantities in Natural Language Understanding. This paper takes some key steps towards facilitating reasoning about quantities expressed in natural language. We investigate two different tasks of numerical reasoning. First, we consider Quantity Entailment, a new task formulated to understand the role of quantities in general textual inference tasks. Second, we consider the problem of automatically understanding and solving elementary school math word problems. In order to address these quantitative reasoning problems we first develop a computational approach which we show to successfully recognize and normalize textual expressions of quantities. We then use these capabilities to further develop algorithms to assist reasoning in the context of the aforementioned tasks.",
"title": ""
}
] | [
{
"docid": "eb761eb499b2dc82f7f2a8a8a5ff64a7",
"text": "We consider the situation in which digital data is to be reliably transmitted over a discrete, memoryless channel (dmc) that is subjected to a wire-tap at the receiver. We assume that the wire-tapper views the channel output via a second dmc). Encoding by the transmitter and decoding by the receiver are permitted. However, the code books used in these operations are assumed to be known by the wire-tapper. The designer attempts to build the encoder-decoder in such a way as to maximize the transmission rate R, and the equivocation d of the data as seen by the wire-tapper. In this paper, we find the trade-off curve between R and d, assuming essentially perfect (“error-free”) transmission. In particular, if d is equal to Hs, the entropy of the data source, then we consider that the transmission is accomplished in perfect secrecy. Our results imply that there exists a Cs > 0, such that reliable transmission at rates up to Cs is possible in approximately perfect secrecy.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "4e9b1776436950ed25353a8731eda76a",
"text": "This paper presents the design and implementation of VibeBin, a low-cost, non-intrusive and easy-to-install waste bin level detection system. Recent popularity of Internet-of-Things (IoT) sensors has brought us unprecedented opportunities to enable a variety of new services for monitoring and controlling smart buildings. Indoor waste management is crucial to a healthy environment in smart buildings. Measuring the waste bin fill-level helps building operators schedule garbage collection more responsively and optimize the quantity and location of waste bins. Existing systems focus on directly and intrusively measuring the physical quantities of the garbage (weight, height, volume, etc.) or its appearance (image), and therefore require careful installation, laborious calibration or labeling, and can be costly. Our system indirectly measures fill-level by sensing the changes in motor-induced vibration characteristics on the outside surface of waste bins. VibeBin exploits the physical nature of vibration resonance of the waste bin and the garbage within, and learns the vibration features of different fill-levels through a few garbage collection (emptying) cycles in a completely unsupervised manner. VibeBin identifies vibration features of different fill-levels by clustering historical vibration samples based on a custom distance metric which measures the dissimilarity between two samples. We deploy our system on eight waste bins of different types and sizes, and show that under normal usage and real waste, it can deliver accurate level measurements after just 3 garbage collection cycles. The average F-score (harmonic mean of precision and recall) of measuring empty, half, and full levels achieves 0.912. A two-week deployment also shows that the false positive and false negative events are satisfactorily rare.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "1c8b8d8322e403fae0d2f361bc00c969",
"text": "We explore several image processing methods to automatically identify the make of a vehicle based focused on the manufacturer’s iconic logo. Our findings reveal that large variations in brightness, vehicle features in the foreground, and specular reflections render the scale-invariant feature transform (SIFT) approach practically useless. Methods such as Fourier shape descriptors and inner structure mean square error analysis are able to achieve more reliable results.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "1d9e5ea84617c934083f607561a196e0",
"text": "Coherent optical OFDM (CO-OFDM) has recently been proposed and the proof-of-concept transmission experiments have shown its extreme robustness against chromatic dispersion and polarization mode dispersion. In this paper, we first review the theoretical fundamentals for CO-OFDM and its channel model in a 2x2 MIMO-OFDM representation. We then present various design choices for CO-OFDM systems and perform the nonlinearity analysis for RF-to-optical up-converter. We also show the receiver-based digital signal processing to mitigate self-phase-modulation (SPM) and Gordon-Mollenauer phase noise, which is equivalent to the midspan phase conjugation.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "bdf3417010f59745e4aaa1d47b71c70e",
"text": "Recent studies witness the success of Bag-of-Features (BoF) frameworks for video based human action recognition. The detection and description of local interest regions are two fundamental problems in BoF framework. In this paper, we propose a motion boundary based sampling strategy and spatialtemporal (3D) co-occurrence descriptors for action video representation and recognition. Our sampling strategy is partly inspired by the recent success of dense trajectory (DT) based features [1] for action recognition. Compared with DT, we densely sample spatial-temporal cuboids along motion boundary which can greatly reduce the number of valid trajectories while preserve the discriminative power. Moreover, we develop a set of 3D co-occurrence descriptors which take account of the spatial-temporal context within local cuboids and deliver rich information for recognition. Furthermore, we decompose each 3D co-occurrence descriptor at pixel level and bin level and integrate the decomposed components with a multi-channel framework, which can improve the performance significantly. To evaluate the proposed methods, we conduct extensive experiments on three benchmarks including KTH, YouTube and HMDB51. The results show that our sampling strategy significantly reduces the computational cost of point tracking without degrading performance. Meanwhile, we achieve superior performance than the state-ofthe-art methods. We report 95.6% on KTH, 87.6% on YouTube and 51.8% on HMDB51.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "94186f28a550878aa564954d723b06a9",
"text": "Color transfer between images uses the statistics information of image effectively. We present a novel approach of local color transfer between images based on the simple statistics and locally linear embedding. A sketching interface is proposed for quickly and easily specifying the color correspondences between target and source image. The user can specify the correspondences of local region using scribes, which more accurately transfers the target color to the source image while smoothly preserving the boundaries, and exhibits more natural output results. Our algorithm is not restricted to one-to-one image color transfer and can make use of more than one target images to transfer the color in different regions in the source image. Moreover, our algorithm does not require to choose the same color style and image size between source and target images. We propose the sub-sampling to reduce the computational load. Comparing with other approaches, our algorithm is much better in color blending in the input data. Our approach preserves the other color details in the source image. Various experimental results show that our approach specifies the correspondences of local color region in source and target images. And it expresses the intention of users and generates more actual and natural results of visual effect.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "4ca4ccd53064c7a9189fef3e801612a0",
"text": "workflows, data warehousing, business intelligence Process design and automation technologies are being increasingly used by both traditional and newly-formed, Internet-based enterprises in order to improve the quality and efficiency of their administrative and production processes, to manage e-commerce transactions, and to rapidly and reliably deliver services to businesses and individual customers.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "38524d91bcff648f96f5d693425dff7f",
"text": "This paper presents a predictive current control method and its application to a voltage source inverter. The method uses a discrete-time model of the system to predict the future value of the load current for all possible voltage vectors generated by the inverter. The voltage vector which minimizes a quality function is selected. The quality function used in this work evaluates the current error at the next sampling time. The performance of the proposed predictive control method is compared with hysteresis and pulsewidth modulation control. The results show that the predictive method controls very effectively the load current and performs very well compared with the classical solutions",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "9b2f4394cabd31008773049c32dea963",
"text": "Twenty-two decision tree, nine statistical, and two neural network algorithms are compared on thirty-two datasets in terms of classification accuracy, training time, and (in the case of trees) number of leaves. Classification accuracy is measured by mean error rate and mean rank of error rate. Both criteria place a statistical, spline-based, algorithm called POLYCLSSS at the top, although it is not statistically significantly different from twenty other algorithms. Another statistical algorithm, logistic regression, is second with respect to the two accuracy criteria. The most accurate decision tree algorithm is QUEST with linear splits, which ranks fourth and fifth, respectively. Although spline-based statistical algorithms tend to have good accuracy, they also require relatively long training times. POLYCLASS, for example, is third last in terms of median training time. It often requires hours of training compared to seconds for other algorithms. The QUEST and logistic regression algorithms are substantially faster. Among decision tree algorithms with univariate splits, C4.5, IND-CART, and QUEST have the best combinations of error rate and speed. But C4.5 tends to produce trees with twice as many leaves as those from IND-CART and QUEST.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "545562f49534f9cf502f420e2e6fa420",
"text": "Automatic optimization of spoken dialog management policies that are robust to environmental noise has long been the goal for both academia and industry. Approaches based on reinforcement learning have been proved to be effective. However, the numerical representation of dialog policy is human-incomprehensible and difficult for dialog system designers to verify or modify, which limits its practical application. In this paper we propose a novel framework for optimizing dialog policies specified in domain language using genetic algorithm. The human-interpretable representation of policy makes the method suitable for practical employment. We present learning algorithms using user simulation and real human-machine dialogs respectively. Empirical experimental results are given to show the effectiveness of the proposed approach.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "e5b125bdb5a17cbe926c03c3bac6935c",
"text": "We propose a general framework for unsupervised domain adaptation, which allows deep neural networks trained on a source domain to be tested on a different target domain without requiring any training annotations in the target domain. This is achieved by adding extra networks and losses that help regularize the features extracted by the backbone encoder network. To this end we propose the novel use of the recently proposed unpaired image-to-image translation framework to constrain the features extracted by the encoder network. Specifically, we require that the features extracted are able to reconstruct the images in both domains. In addition we require that the distribution of features extracted from images in the two domains are indistinguishable. Many recent works can be seen as specific cases of our general framework. We apply our method for domain adaptation between MNIST, USPS, and SVHN datasets, and Amazon, Webcam and DSLR Office datasets in classification tasks, and also between GTA5 and Cityscapes datasets for a segmentation task. We demonstrate state of the art performance on each of these datasets.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "913b4f19a98ef3466b13d37ced3b2134",
"text": "In this paper we present DAML-S, a DAML+OIL ontology for describing the properties and capabilities of Web Services. Web Services – Web-accessible programs and devices – are garnering a great deal of interest from industry, and standards are emerging for low-level descriptions of Web Services. DAML-S complements this effort by providing Web Service descriptions at the application layer, describing what a service can do, and not just how it does it. In this paper we describe three aspects of our ontology: the service profile, the process model, and the service grounding. The paper focuses on the grounding, which connects our ontology with low-level XML-based descriptions of Web Services. 1 Services on the Semantic Web The Semantic Web [2] is rapidly becoming a reality through the development of Semantic Web markup languages such as DAML+OIL [9]. These markup languages enable the creation of arbitrary domain ontologies that support the unambiguous description of Web content. Web Services [15] – Web-accessible programs and devices – are among the most important resources on the Web, not only to provide information to a user, but to enable a user to effect change in the world. Web Services are garnering a great deal of interest from industry, and standards are being developed for low-level descriptions of Web Services. Languages such as WSDL (Web Service Description Language) provide a communication level description of the messages and protocols used by a Web Service. To complement this effort, our interest is in developing semantic markup that will sit at the application level above WSDL, and describe what is being sent across the wires and why, not just how it is being sent. We are developing a DAML+OIL ontology for Web Services, called DAML-S [5], with the objective of making Web Services computer-interpretable and hence enabling the following tasks [15]: discovery, i.e. locating Web Services (typically through a registry service) that provide a particular service and that adhere to specified constraints; invocation or activation and execution of an identified service by an agent or other service; interoperation, i.e. breaking down interoperability barriers through semantics, and the automatic insertion of message parameter translations between clients and services [10, 13, 22]; composition of new services through automatic selection, composition and interoperation of existing services [15, 14]; verification of service properties [19]; and execution monitoring, i.e. tracking the execution of complex or composite tasks performed by a service or a set of services, thus identifying failure cases, or providing explanations of different execution traces. To make use of a Web Service, a software agent needs a computer-interpretable description of the service, and the means by which it is accessed. This paper describes a collaborative effort by BBN Technologies, Carnegie Mellon University, Nokia, Stanford University, SRI International, and Yale University, to define the DAML-S Web Services ontology. An earlier version of the DAML-S specification is described in [5]; an updated version of DAML-S is presented at http://www.daml.org/services/daml-s/2001/10/. In this paper we briefly summarize and update this specification, and discuss the important problem of the grounding, i.e. how to translate what is being sent in a message to or from a service into how it is to be sent. In particular, we present the linking of DAML-S to the Web Services Description Language (WSDL). DAML-S complements WSDL, by providing an abstract or application level description lacking in WSDL. 2 An Upper Ontology for Services In DAML+OIL, abstract categories of entities, events, etc. are defined in terms of classes and properties. DAML-S defines a set of classes and properties, specific to the description of services, within DAML+OIL. The class Service is at the top of the DAML-S ontology. Service properties at this level are very general. The upper ontology for services is silent as to what the particular subclasses of Service should be, or even the conceptual basis for structuring this taxonomy, but it is expected that the taxonomy will be structured according to functional and domain differences and market needs. For example, one might imagine a broad subclass, B2C-transaction, which would encompass services for purchasing items from retail Web sites, tracking purchase status, establishing and maintaining accounts with the sites, and so on. The ontology of services provides two essential types of knowledge about a service, characterized by the questions: – What does the service require of agents, and provide for them? This is provided by the profile, a class that describes the capabilities and parameters of the service. We say that the class Service presents a ServiceProfile. – How does it work? The answer to this question is given in the model, a class that describes the workflow and possible execution paths of the service. Thus, the class Service is describedBy a ServiceModel The ServiceProfile provides information about a service that can be used by an agent to determine if the service meets its rough needs, and if it satisfies constraints such as security, locality, affordability, quality-requirements, etc. In contrast, the ServiceModel enables an agent to: (1) perform a more in-depth analysis of whether the service meets its needs; (2) compose service descriptions from multiple services to perform a specific task; (3) coordinate the activities of different agents; and (4) monitor the execution of the service. Generally speaking, the ServiceProfile provides the information needed for an agent to discover a service, whereas the ServiceModel provides enough information for an agent to make use of a service. In the following sections we discuss the service profile and the service model in greater detail, and introduce the service grounding, which describes how agents can communicate with and thus invoke the service.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "52fb72d1b6f5384baa76e76aae2eeee0",
"text": "Data mining techniques have been successfully applied in stock, insurance, medicine, banking and retailing domains. In the sport domain, for transforming sport data into actionable knowledge, coaches can use data mining techniques to plan training sessions more effectively, and to reduce the impact of testing activity on athletes. This paper presents one such model, which uses clustering techniques, such as improved K-Means, Expectation-Maximization (EM), DBSCAN, COBWEB and hierarchical clustering approaches to analyze sport physiological data collected during incremental tests. Through analyzing the progress of a test session, the authors assign the tested athlete to a group of athletes and evaluate these groups to support the planning of training sessions.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "fd7799d569bdc4ad48a88070974f6c13",
"text": "This paper presents a new large scale dataset targeting evaluation of local shape descriptors and 3d object recognition algorithms. The dataset consists of point clouds and triangulated meshes from 292 physical scenes taken from 11 different views, a total of approximately 3204 views. Each of the physical scenes contain 10 occluded objects resulting in a dataset with 32040 unique object poses and 45 different object models. The 45 object models are full 360 degree models which are scanned with a high precision structured light scanner and a turntable. All the included objects belong to different geometric groups, concave, convex, cylindrical and flat 3D object models. The object models have varying amount of local geometric features to challenge existing local shape feature descriptors in terms of descriptiveness and robustness. The dataset is validated in a benchmark which evaluates the matching performance of 7 different state-of-the-art local shape descriptors. Further, we validate the dataset in a 3D object recognition pipeline. Our benchmark shows as expected that local shape feature descriptors without any global point relation across the surface have a poor matching performance with flat and cylindrical objects. It is our objective that this dataset contributes to the future development of next generation of 3D object recognition algorithms. The dataset is public available at http://roboimagedata.compute.dtu.dk/.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "f47ef0357ba3cb0e6a25be8fc3758a01",
"text": "In real-time systems such as automotives, a distribution system is used to increase the reliability of the system. As the demand and complexity of the distribution system have increased, several automotive communication protocols have been introduced such as LIN, CAN, and FlexRay. Each node of the system chooses the communication protocol that is suitable for the specific purpose. Each node doesn't need to have all of communication protocols because of cost, space, efficiency, and other factors. Therefore, the gateway system was introduced in the automotive system and has became one of the most important components. The gateway makes possible node-to-node communicate over different communication protocols. However, the gateway system has high probability of error because each protocol has different features such as signaling rate, data length, and so on. Moreover, it is difficult to detect the reason and location of errors. If the gateway reports the protocol conversion result when each protocol is converted into another protocol, this report helps developers find the reason and location of errors to debug errors easily. In this paper, we implement the gateway system with a diagnostic function. LIN, CAN, and FlexRay are used as communication protocols.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "37cca578319bd55d0784c24fc9773913",
"text": "Natural DNA can encode complexity on an enormous scale. Researchers are attempting to achieve the same representational efficiency in computers by implementing developmental encodings, i.e. encodings that map the genotype to the phenotype through a process of growth from a small starting point to a mature form. A major challenge in in this effort is to find the right level of abstraction of biological development to capture its essential properties without introducing unnecessary inefficiencies. In this paper, a novel abstraction of natural development, called Compositional Pattern Producing Networks (CPPNs), is proposed. Unlike currently accepted abstractions such as iterative rewrite systems and cellular growth simulations, CPPNs map to the phenotype without local interaction, that is, each individual component of the phenotype is determined independently of every other component. Results produced with CPPNs through interactive evolution of two-dimensional images show that such an encoding can nevertheless produce structural motifs often attributed to more conventional developmental abstractions, suggesting that local interaction may not be essential to the desirable properties of natural encoding in the way that is usually assumed.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "ef208f640807a377c4301fb22cd172cb",
"text": "Providing access to relevant biomedical literature in a clinical setting has the potential to bridge a critical gap in evidence-based medicine. Here, our goal is specifically to provide relevant articles to clinicians to improve their decision-making in diagnosing, treating, and testing patients. To this end, the TREC 2014 Clinical Decision Support Track evaluated a system’s ability to retrieve relevant articles in one of three categories (Diagnosis, Treatment, Test) using an idealized form of a patient medical record . Over 100 submissions from over 25 participants were evaluated on 30 topics, resulting in over 37k relevance judgments. In this article, we provide an overview of the task, a survey of the information retrieval methods employed by the participants, an analysis of the results, and a discussion on the future directions for this challenging yet important task.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "ce0cfd1dd69e235f942b2e7583b8323b",
"text": "Increasing use of the World Wide Web as a B2C commercial tool raises interest in understanding the key issues in building relationships with customers on the Internet. Trust is believed to be the key to these relationships. Given the differences between a virtual and a conventional marketplace, antecedents and consequences of trust merit re-examination. This research identifies a number of key factors related to trust in the B2C context and proposes a framework based on a series of underpinning relationships among these factors. The findings in this research suggest that people are more likely to purchase from the web if they perceive a higher degree of trust in e-commerce and have more experience in using the web. Customer’s trust levels are likely to be influenced by the level of perceived market orientation, site quality, technical trustworthiness, and user’s web experience. People with a higher level of perceived site quality seem to have a higher level of perceived market orientation and trustworthiness towards e-commerce. Furthermore, people with a higher level of trust in e-commerce are more likely to participate in e-commerce. Positive ‘word of mouth’, money back warranty and partnerships with well-known business partners, rank as the top three effective risk reduction tactics. These findings complement the previous findings on e-commerce and shed light on how to establish a trust relationship on the World Wide Web. 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.",
"title": ""
}
] | scidocsrr |
abb586c09275c904f91719164e593524 | Sentence Ranking with the Semantic Link Network in Scientific Paper | [
{
"docid": "0836e5d45582b0a0eec78234776aa419",
"text": "‘Description’: ‘Microsoft will accelerate your journey to cloud computing with an! agile and responsive datacenter built from your existing technology investments.’,! ‘DisplayUrl’: ‘www.microsoft.com/en-us/server-cloud/ datacenter/virtualization.aspx’,! ‘ID’: ‘a42b0908-174e-4f25-b59c-70bdf394a9da’,! ‘Title’: ‘Microsoft | Server & Cloud | Datacenter | Virtualization ...’,! ‘Url’: ‘http://www.microsoft.com/en-us/server-cloud/datacenter/ virtualization.aspx’,! ...! Data! #Topics: 228! #Candidate Labels: ~6,000! Domains: BLOGS, BOOKS, NEWS, PUBMED! Candidate labels rated by humans (0-3) ! Published by Lau et al. (2011). 4. Scoring Candidate Labels! Candidate Label: L = {w1, w2, ..., wm}! Scoring Function: Task: The aim of the task is to associate labels with automatically generated topics.",
"title": ""
}
] | [
{
"docid": "ef6040561aaae594f825a6cabd4aa259",
"text": "This study investigated the extent of young adults’ (N = 393; 17–30 years old) experience of cyberbullying, from the perspectives of cyberbullies and cyber-victims using an online questionnaire survey. The overall prevalence rate shows cyberbullying is still present after the schooling years. No significant gender differences were noted, however females outnumbered males as cyberbullies and cyber-victims. Overall no significant differences were noted for age, but younger participants were found to engage more in cyberbullying activities (i.e. victims and perpetrators) than the older participants. Significant differences were noted for Internet frequency with those spending 2–5 h online daily reported being more victimized and engage in cyberbullying than those who spend less than an hour daily. Internet frequency was also found to significantly predict cyber-victimization and cyberbullying, indicating that as the time spent on Internet increases, so does the chances to be bullied and to bully someone. Finally, a positive significant association was observed between cyber-victims and cyberbullies indicating that there is a tendency for cyber-victims to become cyberbullies, and vice versa. Overall it can be concluded that cyberbullying incidences are still taking place, even though they are not as rampant as observed among the younger users. 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "edacac86802497e0e43c4a03bfd3b925",
"text": "This paper presents a novel tightly-coupled monocular visual-inertial Simultaneous Localization and Mapping algorithm, which provides accurate and robust localization within the globally consistent map in real time on a standard CPU. This is achieved by firstly performing the visual-inertial extended kalman filter(EKF) to provide motion estimate at a high rate. However the filter becomes inconsistent due to the well known linearization issues. So we perform a keyframe-based visual-inertial bundle adjustment to improve the consistency and accuracy of the system. In addition, a loop closure detection and correction module is also added to eliminate the accumulated drift when revisiting an area. Finally, the optimized motion estimates and map are fed back to the EKF-based visual-inertial odometry module, thus the inconsistency and estimation error of the EKF estimator are reduced. In this way, the system can continuously provide reliable motion estimates for the long-term operation. The performance of the algorithm is validated on public datasets and real-world experiments, which proves the superiority of the proposed algorithm.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "a0c92111e9d821ffd26e08f69b434002",
"text": "Cell phones are a pervasive new communication technology, especially among college students. This paper examines college students cell phone usage from a behavioral and psychological perspective. Utilizing both qualitative (focus groups) and quantitative (survey) approaches, the study suggests these individuals use the devices for a variety of purposes: to help them feel safe, for financial benefits, to manage time efficiently, to keep in touch with friends and family members, et al. The degree to which the individuals are dependent on the cell phones and what they view as the negatives of their utilization are also examined. The findings suggest people have various feelings and attitudes toward cell phone usage. This study serves as a foundation on which future studies will be built. 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "1880bb9c3229cab3e614ca39079c7781",
"text": "Emerging low-power radio triggering techniques for wireless motes are a promising approach to prolong the lifetime of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). By allowing nodes to activate their main transceiver only when data need to be transmitted or received, wake-up-enabled solutions virtually eliminate the need for idle listening, thus drastically reducing the energy toll of communication. In this paper we describe the design of a novel wake-up receiver architecture based on an innovative pass-band filter bank with high selectivity capability. The proposed concept, demonstrated by a prototype implementation, combines both frequency-domain and time-domain addressing space to allow selective addressing of nodes. To take advantage of the functionalities of the proposed receiver, as well as of energy-harvesting capabilities modern sensor nodes are equipped with, we present a novel wake-up-enabled harvesting-aware communication stack that supports both interest dissemination and converge casting primitives. This stack builds on the ability of the proposed WuR to support dynamic address assignment, which is exploited to optimize system performance. Comparison against traditional WSN protocols shows that the proposed concept allows to optimize performance tradeoffs with respect to existing low-power communication stacks.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "4d12a4269e4969148f6d5331f5d8afdd",
"text": "Money laundering has become of increasing concern to law makers in recent years, principally because of its associations with terrorism. Recent legislative changes in the United Kingdom mean that auditors risk becoming state law enforcement agents in the private sector. We examine this legislation from the perspective of the changing nature of the relationship between auditors and the state, and the surveillant assemblage within which this is located. Auditors are statutorily obliged to file Suspicious Activity Reports (SARs) into an online database, ELMER, but without much guidance regarding how suspicion is determined. Criminal rather than civil or regulatory sanctions apply to auditors’ instances of non-compliance. This paper evaluates the surveillance implications of the legislation for auditors through lenses developed in the accounting and sociological literature by Brivot andGendron, Neu andHeincke, Deleuze and Guattari, and Haggerty and Ericson. It finds that auditors are generating information flows which are subsequently reassembled into discrete and virtual ‘data doubles’ to be captured and utilised by authorised third parties for unknown purposes. The paper proposes that the surveillant assemblage has extended into the space of the auditor-client relationship, but this extension remains inhibited as a result of auditors’ relatively weak level of engagement in providing SARs, thereby pointing to a degree of resistance in professional service firms regarding the deployment of regulation that compromises the foundations of this",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "869e01855c8cfb9dc3e64f7f3e73cd60",
"text": "Sparse singular value decomposition (SSVD) is proposed as a new exploratory analysis tool for biclustering or identifying interpretable row-column associations within high-dimensional data matrices. SSVD seeks a low-rank, checkerboard structured matrix approximation to data matrices. The desired checkerboard structure is achieved by forcing both the left- and right-singular vectors to be sparse, that is, having many zero entries. By interpreting singular vectors as regression coefficient vectors for certain linear regressions, sparsity-inducing regularization penalties are imposed to the least squares regression to produce sparse singular vectors. An efficient iterative algorithm is proposed for computing the sparse singular vectors, along with some discussion of penalty parameter selection. A lung cancer microarray dataset and a food nutrition dataset are used to illustrate SSVD as a biclustering method. SSVD is also compared with some existing biclustering methods using simulated datasets.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "9ce1401e072fc09749d12f9132aa6b1e",
"text": "In many applications based on the use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), it is possible to establish a cluster of UAVs in which each UAV knows the other vehicle's position. Assuming that the common channel condition between any two nodes of UAVs is line-of-sight (LOS), the time and energy consumption for data transmission on each path that connecting two nodes may be estimated by a node itself. In this paper, we use a modified Bellman-Ford algorithm to find the best selection of relay nodes in order to minimize the time and energy consumption for data transmission between any UAV node in the cluster and the UAV acting as the cluster head. This algorithm is applied with a proposed cooperative MAC protocol that is compatible with the IEEE 802.11 standard. The evaluations under data saturation conditions illustrate noticeable benefits in successful packet delivery ratio, average delay, and in particular the cost of time and energy.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "2917b7b1453f9e6386d8f47129b605fb",
"text": "We introduce a model for constructing vector representations of words by composing characters using bidirectional LSTMs. Relative to traditional word representation models that have independent vectors for each word type, our model requires only a single vector per character type and a fixed set of parameters for the compositional model. Despite the compactness of this model and, more importantly, the arbitrary nature of the form–function relationship in language, our “composed” word representations yield state-of-the-art results in language modeling and part-of-speech tagging. Benefits over traditional baselines are particularly pronounced in morphologically rich languages (e.g., Turkish).",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "6573629e918822c0928e8cf49f20752c",
"text": "The past several years have seen remarkable progress in generative models which produce convincing samples of images and other modalities. A shared component of many powerful generative models is a decoder network, a parametric deep neural net that defines a generative distribution. Examples include variational autoencoders, generative adversarial networks, and generative moment matching networks. Unfortunately, it can be difficult to quantify the performance of these models because of the intractability of log-likelihood estimation, and inspecting samples can be misleading. We propose to use Annealed Importance Sampling for evaluating log-likelihoods for decoder-based models and validate its accuracy using bidirectional Monte Carlo. The evaluation code is provided at https:// github.com/tonywu95/eval_gen. Using this technique, we analyze the performance of decoder-based models, the effectiveness of existing log-likelihood estimators, the degree of overfitting, and the degree to which these models miss important modes of the data distribution.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "1aa51d3ef39773eb3250564ae87c6205",
"text": "relatedness between terms using the links found within their corresponding Wikipedia articles. Unlike other techniques based on Wikipedia, WLM is able to provide accurate measures efficiently, using only the links between articles rather than their textual content. Before describing the details, we first outline the other systems to which it can be compared. This is followed by a description of the algorithm, and its evaluation against manually-defined ground truth. The paper concludes with a discussion of the strengths and weaknesses of the new approach. Abstract",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "7063d3eb38008bcd344f0ae1508cca61",
"text": "The fitness of an evolutionary individual can be understood in terms of its two basic components: survival and reproduction. As embodied in current theory, trade-offs between these fitness components drive the evolution of life-history traits in extant multicellular organisms. Here, we argue that the evolution of germ-soma specialization and the emergence of individuality at a new higher level during the transition from unicellular to multicellular organisms are also consequences of trade-offs between the two components of fitness-survival and reproduction. The models presented here explore fitness trade-offs at both the cell and group levels during the unicellular-multicellular transition. When the two components of fitness negatively covary at the lower level there is an enhanced fitness at the group level equal to the covariance of components at the lower level. We show that the group fitness trade-offs are initially determined by the cell level trade-offs. However, as the transition proceeds to multicellularity, the group level trade-offs depart from the cell level ones, because certain fitness advantages of cell specialization may be realized only by the group. The curvature of the trade-off between fitness components is a basic issue in life-history theory and we predict that this curvature is concave in single-celled organisms but becomes increasingly convex as group size increases in multicellular organisms. We argue that the increasingly convex curvature of the trade-off function is driven by the initial cost of reproduction to survival which increases as group size increases. To illustrate the principles and conclusions of the model, we consider aspects of the biology of the volvocine green algae, which contain both unicellular and multicellular members.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "b66846f076d41c8be3f5921cc085d997",
"text": "We present a novel hierarchical force-directed method for drawing large graphs. The algorithm produces a graph embedding in an Euclidean space E of any dimension. A two or three dimensional drawing of the graph is then obtained by projecting a higher-dimensional embedding into a two or three dimensional subspace of E. Projecting high-dimensional drawings onto two or three dimensions often results in drawings that are “smoother” and more symmetric. Among the other notable features of our approach are the utilization of a maximal independent set filtration of the set of vertices of a graph, a fast energy function minimization strategy, efficient memory management, and an intelligent initial placement of vertices. Our implementation of the algorithm can draw graphs with tens of thousands of vertices using a negligible amount of memory in less than one minute on a mid-range PC.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "59ac2e47ed0824eeba1621673f2dccf5",
"text": "In this paper we present a framework for grasp planning with a humanoid robot arm and a five-fingered hand. The aim is to provide the humanoid robot with the ability of grasping objects that appear in a kitchen environment. Our approach is based on the use of an object model database that contains the description of all the objects that can appear in the robot workspace. This database is completed with two modules that make use of this object representation: an exhaustive offline grasp analysis system and a real-time stereo vision system. The offline grasp analysis system determines the best grasp for the objects by employing a simulation system, together with CAD models of the objects and the five-fingered hand. The results of this analysis are added to the object database using a description suited to the requirements of the grasp execution modules. A stereo camera system is used for a real-time object localization using a combination of appearance-based and model-based methods. The different components are integrated in a controller architecture to achieve manipulation task goals for the humanoid robot",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "af5645e4c2b37d229b525ff3bbac505f",
"text": "PURPOSE OF REVIEW\nTo analyze the role of prepuce preservation in various disorders and discuss options available to reconstruct the prepuce.\n\n\nRECENT FINDINGS\nThe prepuce can be preserved in selected cases of penile degloving procedures, phimosis or hypospadias repair, and penile cancer resection. There is no clear evidence that debilitating and persistent preputial lymphedema develops after a prepuce-sparing penile degloving procedure. In fact, the prepuce can at times be preserved even if lymphedema develops. The prepuce can potentially be preserved in both phimosis and hypospadias repair. Penile cancer localized to the prepuce can be excised using Mohs' micrographic surgery without compromising survival. Reconstruction of the prepuce still remains a theoretical topic. There has been no study that has systematically evaluated efficacy of any reconstructive procedures.\n\n\nSUMMARY\nThe standard practice for preputial disorders remains circumcision. However, prepuce preservation is often technically feasible without compromising treatment. Preservative surgery combined with reconstruction may lead to better patient satisfaction and quality of life.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "7a67bccffa6222f8129a90933962e285",
"text": "BACKGROUND\nPast research has found that playing a classic prosocial video game resulted in heightened prosocial behavior when compared to a control group, whereas playing a classic violent video game had no effect. Given purported links between violent video games and poor social behavior, this result is surprising. Here our aim was to assess whether this finding may be due to the specific games used. That is, modern games are experienced differently from classic games (more immersion in virtual environments, more connection with characters, etc.) and it may be that playing violent video games impacts prosocial behavior only when contemporary versions are used.\n\n\nMETHODS AND FINDINGS\nExperiments 1 and 2 explored the effects of playing contemporary violent, non-violent, and prosocial video games on prosocial behavior, as measured by the pen-drop task. We found that slight contextual changes in the delivery of the pen-drop task led to different rates of helping but that the type of game played had little effect. Experiment 3 explored this further by using classic games. Again, we found no effect.\n\n\nCONCLUSIONS\nWe failed to find evidence that playing video games affects prosocial behavior. Research on the effects of video game play is of significant public interest. It is therefore important that speculation be rigorously tested and findings replicated. Here we fail to substantiate conjecture that playing contemporary violent video games will lead to diminished prosocial behavior.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "8649d115dea8cb6b3353745476b5c57d",
"text": "OBJECTIVES\nTo test a brief, non-sectarian program of meditation training for effects on perceived stress and negative emotion, and to determine effects of practice frequency and test the moderating effects of neuroticism (emotional lability) on treatment outcome.\n\n\nDESIGN AND SETTING\nThe study used a single-group, open-label, pre-test post-test design conducted in the setting of a university medical center.\n\n\nPARTICIPANTS\nHealthy adults (N=200) interested in learning meditation for stress-reduction were enrolled. One hundred thirty-three (76% females) completed at least 1 follow-up visit and were included in data analyses.\n\n\nINTERVENTION\nParticipants learned a simple mantra-based meditation technique in 4, 1-hour small-group meetings, with instructions to practice for 15-20 minutes twice daily. Instruction was based on a psychophysiological model of meditation practice and its expected effects on stress.\n\n\nOUTCOME MEASURES\nBaseline and monthly follow-up measures of Profile of Mood States; Perceived Stress Scale; State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI); and Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI). Practice frequency was indexed by monthly retrospective ratings. Neuroticism was evaluated as a potential moderator of treatment effects.\n\n\nRESULTS\nAll 4 outcome measures improved significantly after instruction, with reductions from baseline that ranged from 14% (STAI) to 36% (BSI). More frequent practice was associated with better outcome. Higher baseline neuroticism scores were associated with greater improvement.\n\n\nCONCLUSIONS\nPreliminary evidence suggests that even brief instruction in a simple meditation technique can improve negative mood and perceived stress in healthy adults, which could yield long-term health benefits. Frequency of practice does affect outcome. Those most likely to experience negative emotions may benefit the most from the intervention.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "d51f0b51f03e310dd183e3a7cb199288",
"text": "Traditional vision-based localization methods such as visual SLAM suffer from practical problems in outdoor environments such as unstable feature detection and inability to perform location recognition under lighting, perspective, weather and appearance change. Additionally map construction on a large scale in these systems presents its own challenges. In this work, we present a novel method for precisely localizing vehicles on the road using signs marked on the road (road markings), which have the advantage of being distinct and easy to detect, their detection being robust under changes in lighting and weather. Our method uses corners detected on road markings to perform localization in global coordinates. The method consists of two phases - a mapping phase when a high-quality GPS device is used to automatically survey road marks and add them to a light-weight “map” or database, and a localization phase where road mark detection and look-up in the map, combined with visual odometry, produces precise localization. We present experiments using a real-time implementation operating in a car that demonstrates the improved localization robustness and accuracy of our system even when using road marks alone. However, in this case the trajectory between road marks has to be filled-in by visual odometry, which contributes drift. Hence, we also present a mechanism for combining road-mark-based maps with sparse feature-based maps that results in greater accuracy still. We see our use of road marks as a significant step in the general trend of using higher-level features for improved localization performance irrespective of environment conditions.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "215b65a1777fd4076c97770ad339c59f",
"text": "Interactive visualization requires the translation of data into a screen space of limited resolution. While currently ignored by most visualization models, this translation entails a loss of information and the introduction of a number of artifacts that can be useful, (e.g., aggregation, structures) or distracting (e.g., over-plotting, clutter) for the analysis. This phenomenon is observed in parallel coordinates, where overlapping lines between adjacent axes form distinct patterns, representing the relation between variables they connect. However, even for a small number of dimensions, the challenge is to effectively convey the relationships for all combinations of dimensions. The size of the dataset and a large number of dimensions only add to the complexity of this problem. To address these issues, we propose Pargnostics, parallel coordinates diagnostics, a model based on screen-space metrics that quantify the different visual structures. Pargnostics metrics are calculated for pairs of axes and take into account the resolution of the display as well as potential axis inversions. Metrics include the number of line crossings, crossing angles, convergence, overplotting, etc. To construct a visualization view, the user can pick from a ranked display showing pairs of coordinate axes and the structures between them, or examine all possible combinations of axes at once in a matrix display. Picking the best axes layout is an NP-complete problem in general, but we provide a way of automatically optimizing the display according to the user's preferences based on our metrics and model.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "b6f026f8b2e37406ee68b9214fb82955",
"text": "Human visual behaviour has significant potential for activity recognition and computational behaviour analysis, but previous works focused on supervised methods and recognition of predefined activity classes based on short-term eye movement recordings. We propose a fully unsupervised method to discover users' everyday activities from their long-term visual behaviour. Our method combines a bag-of-words representation of visual behaviour that encodes saccades, fixations, and blinks with a latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA) topic model. We further propose different methods to encode saccades for their use in the topic model. We evaluate our method on a novel long-term gaze dataset that contains full-day recordings of natural visual behaviour of 10 participants (more than 80 hours in total). We also provide annotations for eight sample activity classes (outdoor, social interaction, focused work, travel, reading, computer work, watching media, eating) and periods with no specific activity. We show the ability of our method to discover these activities with performance competitive with that of previously published supervised methods.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "c07516bc86b7a082bcc2bd405757d387",
"text": "The trend towards more commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) components in complex safety-critical systems is increasing the difficulty of verifying system correctness. Runtime verification (RV) is a lightweight technique to verify that certain properties hold over execution traces. RV is usually implemented as runtime monitors that can be used as runtime fault detectors or test oracles to analyze a system under test for bad behaviors. Most existing RV methods utilize some form of system or code instrumentation and thus are not designed to monitor potentially black-box COTS components. This thesis presents a suitable runtime monitoring framework for monitoring safety-critical embedded systems with black-box components. We provide an end-to-end framework including proven correct monitoring algorithms, a formal specification language with semi-formal techniques to map the system onto our formal system trace model, specification design patterns to aid translating informal specifications into the formal specification language, and a safety-case pattern example showing the argument that our monitor design can be safely integrated with a target system. We utilized our monitor implementation to check test logs from several system tests. We show the monitor being used to check system test logs offline for interesting properties. We also performed real-time replay of logs from a system network bus, demonstrating the feasibility of our embedded monitor implementation in real-time operation.",
"title": ""
}
] | scidocsrr |
dec71c0883a732e0779d0029fe742db3 | Performance metrics in supply chain management | [
{
"docid": "0580342f7efb379fc417d2e5e48c4b73",
"text": "The use of System Dynamics Modeling in Supply Chain Management has only recently re-emerged after a lengthy slack period. Current research on System Dynamics Modelling in supply chain management focuses on inventory decision and policy development, time compression, demand amplification, supply chain design and integration, and international supply chain management. The paper first gives an overview of recent research work in these areas, followed by a discussion of research issues that have evolved, and presents a taxonomy of research and development in System Dynamics Modelling in supply chain management.",
"title": ""
}
] | [
{
"docid": "9091df6080e8cd531bd6a883810d7445",
"text": "Despite major scientific, medical and technological advances over the last few decades, a cure for cancer remains elusive. The disease initiation is complex, and including initiation and avascular growth, onset of hypoxia and acidosis due to accumulation of cells beyond normal physiological conditions, inducement of angiogenesis from the surrounding vasculature, tumour vascularization and further growth, and invasion of surrounding tissue and metastasis. Although the focus historically has been to study these events through experimental and clinical observations, mathematical modelling and simulation that enable analysis at multiple time and spatial scales have also complemented these efforts. Here, we provide an overview of this multiscale modelling focusing on the growth phase of tumours and bypassing the initial stage of tumourigenesis. While we briefly review discrete modelling, our focus is on the continuum approach. We limit the scope further by considering models of tumour progression that do not distinguish tumour cells by their age. We also do not consider immune system interactions nor do we describe models of therapy. We do discuss hybrid-modelling frameworks, where the tumour tissue is modelled using both discrete (cell-scale) and continuum (tumour-scale) elements, thus connecting the micrometre to the centimetre tumour scale. We review recent examples that incorporate experimental data into model parameters. We show that recent mathematical modelling predicts that transport limitations of cell nutrients, oxygen and growth factors may result in cell death that leads to morphological instability, providing a mechanism for invasion via tumour fingering and fragmentation. These conditions induce selection pressure for cell survivability, and may lead to additional genetic mutations. Mathematical modelling further shows that parameters that control the tumour mass shape also control its ability to invade. Thus, tumour morphology may serve as a predictor of invasiveness and treatment prognosis.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "51d950dfb9f71b9c8948198c147b9884",
"text": "Collaborative filtering is the most popular approach to build recommender systems and has been successfully employed in many applications. However, it cannot make recommendations for so-called cold start users that have rated only a very small number of items. In addition, these methods do not know how confident they are in their recommendations. Trust-based recommendation methods assume the additional knowledge of a trust network among users and can better deal with cold start users, since users only need to be simply connected to the trust network. On the other hand, the sparsity of the user item ratings forces the trust-based approach to consider ratings of indirect neighbors that are only weakly trusted, which may decrease its precision. In order to find a good trade-off, we propose a random walk model combining the trust-based and the collaborative filtering approach for recommendation. The random walk model allows us to define and to measure the confidence of a recommendation. We performed an evaluation on the Epinions dataset and compared our model with existing trust-based and collaborative filtering methods.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "2274f3d3dc25bec4b86988615d421f10",
"text": "Sepsis is a dangerous condition that is a leading cause of patient mortality. Treating sepsis is highly challenging, because individual patients respond very differently to medical interventions and there is no universally agreed-upon treatment for sepsis. In this work, we explore the use of continuous state-space model-based reinforcement learning (RL) to discover high-quality treatment policies for sepsis patients. Our quantitative evaluation reveals that by blending the treatment strategy discovered with RL with what clinicians follow, we can obtain improved policies, potentially allowing for better medical treatment for sepsis.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "f4b4c484543cd653d2acbd2e9839d5f4",
"text": "This article offers a succinct overview of the hypothesis that the evolution of cognition could benefit from a close examination of brain changes reflected in the shape of the neurocranium. I provide both neurological and genetic evidence in support of this hypothesis, and conclude that the study of language evolution need not be regarded as a mystery.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "fd1e327327068a1373e35270ef257c59",
"text": "We consider the problem of building high-level, class-specific feature detectors from only unlabeled data. For example, is it possible to learn a face detector using only unlabeled images? To answer this, we train a deep sparse autoencoder on a large dataset of images (the model has 1 billion connections, the dataset has 10 million 200×200 pixel images downloaded from the Internet). We train this network using model parallelism and asynchronous SGD on a cluster with 1,000 machines (16,000 cores) for three days. Contrary to what appears to be a widely-held intuition, our experimental results reveal that it is possible to train a face detector without having to label images as containing a face or not. Control experiments show that this feature detector is robust not only to translation but also to scaling and out-of-plane rotation. We also find that the same network is sensitive to other high-level concepts such as cat faces and human bodies. Starting from these learned features, we trained our network to recognize 22,000 object categories from ImageNet and achieve a leap of 70% relative improvement over the previous state-of-the-art.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "f9143c2bb6c8271efa516ca54c9baef7",
"text": "In recent years several measures for the gold standard based evaluation of ontology learning were proposed. They can be distinguished by the layers of an ontology (e.g. lexical term layer and concept hierarchy) they evaluate. Judging those measures with a list of criteria we show that there exist some measures sufficient for evaluating the lexical term layer. However, existing measures for the evaluation of concept hierarchies fail to meet basic criteria. This paper presents a new taxonomic measure which overcomes the problems of current approaches.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "15ce175cc7aa263ded19c0ef344d9a61",
"text": "This work explores conditional image generation with a new image density model based on the PixelCNN architecture. The model can be conditioned on any vector, including descriptive labels or tags, or latent embeddings created by other networks. When conditioned on class labels from the ImageNet database, the model is able to generate diverse, realistic scenes representing distinct animals, objects, landscapes and structures. When conditioned on an embedding produced by a convolutional network given a single image of an unseen face, it generates a variety of new portraits of the same person with different facial expressions, poses and lighting conditions. We also show that conditional PixelCNN can serve as a powerful decoder in an image autoencoder. Additionally, the gated convolutional layers in the proposed model improve the log-likelihood of PixelCNN to match the state-ofthe-art performance of PixelRNN on ImageNet, with greatly reduced computational cost.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "a86114aeee4c0bc1d6c9a761b50217d4",
"text": "OBJECTIVE\nThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of antidepressant treatment on hippocampal volumes in patients with major depression.\n\n\nMETHOD\nFor 38 female outpatients, the total time each had been in a depressive episode was divided into days during which the patient was receiving antidepressant medication and days during which no antidepressant treatment was received. Hippocampal gray matter volumes were determined by high resolution magnetic resonance imaging and unbiased stereological measurement.\n\n\nRESULTS\nLonger durations during which depressive episodes went untreated with antidepressant medication were associated with reductions in hippocampal volume. There was no significant relationship between hippocampal volume loss and time depressed while taking antidepressant medication or with lifetime exposure to antidepressants.\n\n\nCONCLUSIONS\nAntidepressants may have a neuroprotective effect during depression.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "90564374d0c72816f930bc629f97d277",
"text": "Outlier detection is an integral component of statistical modelling and estimation. For highdimensional data, classical methods based on the Mahalanobis distance are usually not applicable. We propose an outlier detection procedure that replaces the classical minimum covariance determinant estimator with a high-breakdown minimum diagonal product estimator. The cut-off value is obtained from the asymptotic distribution of the distance, which enables us to control the Type I error and deliver robust outlier detection. Simulation studies show that the proposed method behaves well for high-dimensional data.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "491ddda3cf5acf013b99cdb477acfc9e",
"text": "As we outsource more of our decisions and activities to machines with various degrees of autonomy, the question of clarifying the moral and legal status of their autonomous behaviour arises. There is also an ongoing discussion on whether artificial agents can ever be liable for their actions or become moral agents. Both in law and ethics, the concept of liability is tightly connected with the concept of ability. But as we work to develop moral machines, we also push the boundaries of existing categories of ethical competency and autonomy. This makes the question of responsibility particularly difficult. Although new classification schemes for ethical behaviour and autonomy have been discussed, these need to be worked out in far more detail. Here we address some issues with existing proposals, highlighting especially the link between ethical competency and autonomy, and the problem of anchoring classifications in an operational understanding of what we mean by a moral",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "2575bad473ef55281db460617e0a37c8",
"text": "Automated license plate recognition (ALPR) has been applied to identify vehicles by their license plates and is critical in several important transportation applications. In order to achieve the recognition accuracy levels typically required in the market, it is necessary to obtain properly segmented characters. A standard method, projection-based segmentation, is challenged by substantial variation across the plate in the regions surrounding the characters. In this paper a reinforcement learning (RL) method is adapted to create a segmentation agent that can find appropriate segmentation paths that avoid characters, traversing from the top to the bottom of a cropped license plate image. Then a hybrid approach is proposed, leveraging the speed and simplicity of the projection-based segmentation technique along with the power of the RL method. The results of our experiments show significant improvement over the histogram projection currently used for character segmentation.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "d9aac3e00316f9970d04eb5c46d16b4c",
"text": "Cannabis (Cannabis sativa, or hemp) and its constituents-in particular the cannabinoids-have been the focus of extensive chemical and biological research for almost half a century since the discovery of the chemical structure of its major active constituent, Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC). The plant's behavioral and psychotropic effects are attributed to its content of this class of compounds, the cannabinoids, primarily Δ9-THC, which is produced mainly in the leaves and flower buds of the plant. Besides Δ9-THC, there are also non-psychoactive cannabinoids with several medicinal functions, such as cannabidiol (CBD), cannabichromene (CBC), and cannabigerol (CBG), along with other non-cannabinoid constituents belonging to diverse classes of natural products. Today, more than 560 constituents have been identified in cannabis. The recent discoveries of the medicinal properties of cannabis and the cannabinoids in addition to their potential applications in the treatment of a number of serious illnesses, such as glaucoma, depression, neuralgia, multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's, and alleviation of symptoms of HIV/AIDS and cancer, have given momentum to the quest for further understanding the chemistry, biology, and medicinal properties of this plant.This contribution presents an overview of the botany, cultivation aspects, and the phytochemistry of cannabis and its chemical constituents. Particular emphasis is placed on the newly-identified/isolated compounds. In addition, techniques for isolation of cannabis constituents and analytical methods used for qualitative and quantitative analysis of cannabis and its products are also reviewed.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "f45231d78fb8a88cd70b4960a6d375f9",
"text": "In this article the design and the construction of an ultrawideband (UWB) 3 dB hybrid coupler are presented. The coupler is realized in broadside stripline technology to cover the operating bandwidth 0.5 - 18 GHz (more than five octaves). Detailed electromagnetic design has been carried to optimize performances according to bandwidth. The comparison between simulations and measurements validated the design approach. The first prototype guaranteed an insertion loss lower than 5 dB and a phase shift equal to 90° +/- 5° in bandwidth",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "a2f15d76368aa2b9c3e34eef5b6d925f",
"text": "OBJECTIVES\nTo review the sonographic features of spinal anomalies in first-trimester fetuses presenting for screening for chromosomal abnormalities.\n\n\nMETHODS\nFetuses with a spinal abnormality diagnosed prenatally or postnatally that underwent first-trimester sonographic evaluation at our institution had their clinical information retrieved and their sonograms reviewed.\n\n\nRESULTS\nA total of 21 fetuses complied with the entry criteria including eight with body stalk anomaly, seven with spina bifida, two with Vertebral, Anal, Cardiac, Tracheal, Esophageal, Renal, and Limb (VACTERL) association, and one case each of isolated kyphoscoliosis, tethered cord, iniencephaly, and sacrococcygeal teratoma. One fetus with body stalk anomaly and another with VACTERL association also had a myelomeningocele, making a total of nine cases of spina bifida in our series. Five of the nine (56%) cases with spina bifida, one of the two cases with VACTERL association, and the cases with tethered cord and sacrococcygeal teratoma were undiagnosed in the first trimester. Although increased nuchal translucency was found in seven (33%) cases, chromosomal analysis revealed only one case of aneuploidy in this series.\n\n\nCONCLUSIONS\nFetal spinal abnormalities diagnosed in the first trimester are usually severe and frequently associated with other major defects. The diagnosis of small defects is difficult and a second-trimester scan is still necessary to detect most cases of spina bifida.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "6c784fc34cf7a8e700c67235e05d8cb0",
"text": "Fully automatic methods that extract lists of objects from the Web have been studied extensively. Record extraction, the first step of this object extraction process, identifies a set of Web page segments, each of which represents an individual object (e.g., a product). State-of-the-art methods suffice for simple search, but they often fail to handle more complicated or noisy Web page structures due to a key limitation -- their greedy manner of identifying a list of records through pairwise comparison (i.e., similarity match) of consecutive segments. This paper introduces a new method for record extraction that captures a list of objects in a more robust way based on a holistic analysis of a Web page. The method focuses on how a distinct tag path appears repeatedly in the DOM tree of the Web document. Instead of comparing a pair of individual segments, it compares a pair of tag path occurrence patterns (called visual signals) to estimate how likely these two tag paths represent the same list of objects. The paper introduces a similarity measure that captures how closely the visual signals appear and interleave. Clustering of tag paths is then performed based on this similarity measure, and sets of tag paths that form the structure of data records are extracted. Experiments show that this method achieves higher accuracy than previous methods.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "89d736c68d2befba66a0b7d876e52502",
"text": "The optical properties of human skin, subcutaneous adipose tissue and human mucosa were measured in the wavelength range 400–2000 nm. The measurements were carried out using a commercially available spectrophotometer with an integrating sphere. The inverse adding–doubling method was used to determine the absorption and reduced scattering coefficients from the measurements.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "5c31ed81a9c8d6463ce93890e38ad7b5",
"text": "IBM Watson is a cognitive computing system capable of question answering in natural languages. It is believed that IBM Watson can understand large corpora and answer relevant questions more effectively than any other question-answering system currently available. To unleash the full power of Watson, however, we need to train its instance with a large number of wellprepared question-answer pairs. Obviously, manually generating such pairs in a large quantity is prohibitively time consuming and significantly limits the efficiency of Watson’s training. Recently, a large-scale dataset of over 30 million question-answer pairs was reported. Under the assumption that using such an automatically generated dataset could relieve the burden of manual question-answer generation, we tried to use this dataset to train an instance of Watson and checked the training efficiency and accuracy. According to our experiments, using this auto-generated dataset was effective for training Watson, complementing manually crafted question-answer pairs. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this work is the first attempt to use a largescale dataset of automatically generated questionanswer pairs for training IBM Watson. We anticipate that the insights and lessons obtained from our experiments will be useful for researchers who want to expedite Watson training leveraged by automatically generated question-answer pairs.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "057a521ce1b852591a44417e788e4541",
"text": "We introduce InfraStructs, material-based tags that embed information inside digitally fabricated objects for imaging in the Terahertz region. Terahertz imaging can safely penetrate many common materials, opening up new possibilities for encoding hidden information as part of the fabrication process. We outline the design, fabrication, imaging, and data processing steps to fabricate information inside physical objects. Prototype tag designs are presented for location encoding, pose estimation, object identification, data storage, and authentication. We provide detailed analysis of the constraints and performance considerations for designing InfraStruct tags. Future application scenarios range from production line inventory, to customized game accessories, to mobile robotics.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "ca4743f1f1be194f005fabffbe0b15da",
"text": "The ubiquitous webcam indicator LED is an important privacy feature which provides a visual cue that the camera is turned on. We describe how to disable the LED on a class of Apple internal iSight webcams used in some versions of MacBook laptops and iMac desktops. This enables video to be captured without any visual indication to the user and can be accomplished entirely in user space by an unprivileged (non-root) application. The same technique that allows us to disable the LED, namely reprogramming the firmware that runs on the iSight, enables a virtual machine escape whereby malware running inside a virtual machine reprograms the camera to act as a USB Human Interface Device (HID) keyboard which executes code in the host operating system. We build two proofs-of-concept: (1) an OS X application, iSeeYou, which demonstrates capturing video with the LED disabled; and (2) a virtual machine escape that launches Terminal.app and runs shell commands. To defend against these and related threats, we build an OS X kernel extension, iSightDefender, which prohibits the modification of the iSight’s firmware from user space.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "7fece61e99d0b461b04bcf0dfa81639d",
"text": "The rapid advancement of robotics technology in recent years has pushed the development of a distinctive field of robotic applications, namely robotic exoskeletons. Because of the aging population, more people are suffering from neurological disorders such as stroke, central nervous system disorder, and spinal cord injury. As manual therapy seems to be physically demanding for both the patient and therapist, robotic exoskeletons have been developed to increase the efficiency of rehabilitation therapy. Robotic exoskeletons are capable of providing more intensive patient training, better quantitative feedback, and improved functional outcomes for patients compared to manual therapy. This review emphasizes treadmill-based and over-ground exoskeletons for rehabilitation. Analyses of their mechanical designs, actuation systems, and integrated control strategies are given priority because the interactions between these components are crucial for the optimal performance of the rehabilitation robot. The review also discusses the limitations of current exoskeletons and technical challenges faced in exoskeleton development. A general perspective of the future development of more effective robot exoskeletons, specifically real-time biological synergy-based exoskeletons, could help promote brain plasticity among neurologically impaired patients and allow them to regain normal walking ability.",
"title": ""
}
] | scidocsrr |
9dcef20242cd852b9f363fd031d641ec | Interactive Instance-based Evaluation of Knowledge Base Question Answering | [
{
"docid": "1fd9db81e41fc3b9a76a52cc9a0618c1",
"text": "Semantic parsing is a rich fusion of the logical and the statistical worlds.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "9b288ed3a6079bee5ed3154b1aab296e",
"text": "We introduce ParlAI (pronounced “parlay”), an open-source software platform for dialog research implemented in Python, available at http://parl.ai. Its goal is to provide a unified framework for sharing, training and testing dialog models; integration of Amazon Mechanical Turk for data collection, human evaluation, and online/reinforcement learning; and a repository of machine learning models for comparing with others’ models, and improving upon existing architectures. Over 20 tasks are supported in the first release, including popular datasets such as SQuAD, bAbI tasks, MCTest, WikiQA, QACNN, QADailyMail, CBT, bAbI Dialog, Ubuntu, OpenSubtitles and VQA. Several models are integrated, including neural models such as memory networks, seq2seq and attentive LSTMs.",
"title": ""
}
] | [
{
"docid": "b7ae9cae900253f270d43c4b34e68c57",
"text": "In this paper, a complete voiceprint recognition based on Matlab was realized, including speech processing and feature extraction at early stage, and model training and recognition at later stage. For speech processing and feature extraction at early stage, Mel Frequency Cepstrum Coefficient (MFCC) was taken as feature parameter. For speaker model method, DTW model was adopted to reflect the voiceprint characteristics of speech, converting voiceprint recognition into speaker speech data evaluation, and breaking up complex speech training and matching into model parameter training and probability calculation. Simulation experiment results show that this system is effective to recognize voiceprint.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "66610cf27a67760f6625e2fe4bbc7783",
"text": "UNLABELLED\nYale Image Finder (YIF) is a publicly accessible search engine featuring a new way of retrieving biomedical images and associated papers based on the text carried inside the images. Image queries can also be issued against the image caption, as well as words in the associated paper abstract and title. A typical search scenario using YIF is as follows: a user provides few search keywords and the most relevant images are returned and presented in the form of thumbnails. Users can click on the image of interest to retrieve the high resolution image. In addition, the search engine will provide two types of related images: those that appear in the same paper, and those from other papers with similar image content. Retrieved images link back to their source papers, allowing users to find related papers starting with an image of interest. Currently, YIF has indexed over 140 000 images from over 34 000 open access biomedical journal papers.\n\n\nAVAILABILITY\nhttp://krauthammerlab.med.yale.edu/imagefinder/",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "40fcf74d2f15757ac3c9b401c05a4fb9",
"text": "Phones with some of the capabilities of modern computers also have the same kind of drawbacks. These phones are commonly referred to as smartphones. They have both phone and personal digital assistant (PDA) functionality. Typical to these devices is to have a wide selection of different connectivity options from general packet radio service (GPRS) data transfer to multi media messages (MMS) and wireless local area network (WLAN) capabilities. They also have standardized operating systems, which makes smartphones a viable platform for malware writers. Since the design of the operating systems is recent, many common security holes and vulnerabilities have been taken into account during the design. However, these precautions have not fully protected these devices. Even now, when smartphones are not that common, there is a handful of viruses for them. In this paper we will discuss some of the most typical viruses in the mobile environment and propose guidelines and predictions for the future.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "a791f5339b1a49567581cd64a1c678c8",
"text": "Making data to be more connected is one of the goals of Semantic Technology. Therefore, relational data model as one of important data resource type, is needed to be mapped and converted to graph model. In this paper we focus in mapping and converting without semantically loss, by considering semantic abstraction of the real world, which has been ignored in some previous researches. As a graph schema model, it can be implemented in graph database or linked data in RDF/OWL format. This approach studies that relationship should be paid more attention in mapping and converting because, often be found a gap semantic abstraction during those processes. In our small experiment shows that our idea can map and convert relational model to graph model without semantically loss.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "f0958d2c952c7140c998fa13a2bf4374",
"text": "OBJECTIVE\nThe objective of this study is to outline explicit criteria for assessing the contribution of qualitative empirical studies in health and medicine, leading to a hierarchy of evidence specific to qualitative methods.\n\n\nSTUDY DESIGN AND SETTING\nThis paper arose from a series of critical appraisal exercises based on recent qualitative research studies in the health literature. We focused on the central methodological procedures of qualitative method (defining a research framework, sampling and data collection, data analysis, and drawing research conclusions) to devise a hierarchy of qualitative research designs, reflecting the reliability of study conclusions for decisions made in health practice and policy.\n\n\nRESULTS\nWe describe four levels of a qualitative hierarchy of evidence-for-practice. The least likely studies to produce good evidence-for-practice are single case studies, followed by descriptive studies that may provide helpful lists of quotations but do not offer detailed analysis. More weight is given to conceptual studies that analyze all data according to conceptual themes but may be limited by a lack of diversity in the sample. Generalizable studies using conceptual frameworks to derive an appropriately diversified sample with analysis accounting for all data are considered to provide the best evidence-for-practice. Explicit criteria and illustrative examples are described for each level.\n\n\nCONCLUSION\nA hierarchy of evidence-for-practice specific to qualitative methods provides a useful guide for the critical appraisal of papers using these methods and for defining the strength of evidence as a basis for decision making and policy generation.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "d1515b3c475989e3c3584e02c0d5c329",
"text": "Sexting has received increasing scholarly and media attention. Especially, minors’ engagement in this behaviour is a source of concern. As adolescents are highly sensitive about their image among peers and prone to peer influence, the present study implemented the prototype willingness model in order to assess how perceptions of peers engaging in sexting possibly influence adolescents’ willingness to send sexting messages. A survey was conducted among 217 15to 19-year-olds. A total of 18% of respondents had engaged in sexting in the 2 months preceding the study. Analyses further revealed that the subjective norm was the strongest predictor of sexting intention, followed by behavioural willingness and attitude towards sexting. Additionally, the more favourable young people evaluated the prototype of a person engaging in sexting and the higher they assessed their similarity with this prototype, the more they were willing to send sexting messages. Differences were also found based on gender, relationship status and need for popularity. 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "977f7723cde3baa1d98ca99cd9ed8881",
"text": "Identity Crime is well known, established, and costly. Identity Crime is the term used to refer to all types of crime in which someone wrongfully obtains and uses another person’s personal data in some way that involves fraud or deception, typically for economic gain. Forgery and use of fraudulent identity documents are major enablers of Identity Fraud. It has affected the e-commerce. It is increasing significantly with the development of modern technology and the global superhighways of communication, resulting in the loss of lots of money worldwide each year. Also along with transaction the application domain such as credit application is hit by this crime. These are growing concerns for not only governmental bodies but business organizations also all over the world. This paper gives a brief summary of the identity fraud. Also it discusses various data mining techniques used to overcome it.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "329420b8b13e8c315d341e382419315a",
"text": "The aim of this research is to design an intelligent system that addresses the problem of real-time localization and navigation of visually impaired (VI) in an indoor environment using a monocular camera. Systems that have been developed so far for the VI use either many cameras (stereo and monocular) integrated with other sensors or use very complex algorithms that are computationally expensive. In this research work, a computationally less expensive integrated system has been proposed to combine imaging geometry, Visual Odometry (VO), Object Detection (OD) along with Distance-Depth (D-D) estimation algorithms for precise navigation and localization by utilizing a single monocular camera as the only sensor. The developed algorithm is tested for both standard Karlsruhe and indoor environment recorded datasets. Tests have been carried out in real-time using a smartphone camera that captures image data of the environment as the person moves and is sent over Wi-Fi for further processing to the MATLAB software model running on an Intel i7 processor. The algorithm provides accurate results on real-time navigation in the environment with an audio feedback about the person's location. The trajectory of the navigation is expressed in an arbitrary scale. Object detection based localization is accurate. The D-D estimation provides distance and depth measurements up to an accuracy of 94–98%.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "39a59eac80c6f4621971399dde2fbb7f",
"text": "Social media sites such as Flickr, YouTube, and Facebook host substantial amounts of user-contributed materials (e.g., photographs, videos, and textual content) for a wide variety of real-world events. These range from widely known events, such as the presidential inauguration, to smaller, community-specific events, such as annual conventions and local gatherings. By identifying these events and their associated user-contributed social media documents, which is the focus of this paper, we can greatly improve local event browsing and search in state-of-the-art search engines. To address our problem of focus, we exploit the rich “context” associated with social media content, including user-provided annotations (e.g., title, tags) and automatically generated information (e.g., content creation time). We form a variety of representations of social media documents using different context dimensions, and combine these dimensions in a principled way into a single clustering solution—where each document cluster ideally corresponds to one event—using a weighted ensemble approach. We evaluate our approach on a large-scale, real-world dataset of event images, and report promising performance with respect to several baseline approaches. Our preliminary experiments suggest that our ensemble approach identifies events, and their associated images, more effectively than the state-of-the-art strategies on which we build.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "d717a5955faf08583b946385cf9f41d3",
"text": "Spasticity is a prevalent and potentially disabling symptom common in individuals with multiple sclerosis. Adequate evaluation and management of spasticity requires a careful assessment of the patient's history to determine functional impact of spasticity and potential exacerbating factors, and physical examination to determine the extent of the condition and culpable muscles. A host of options for spasticity management are available: therapeutic exercise, physical modalities, complementary/alternative medicine interventions, oral medications, chemodenervation, and implantation of an intrathecal baclofen pump. Choice of treatment hinges on a combination of the extent of symptoms, patient preference, and availability of services.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "5b56288bb7b49f18148f28798cfd8129",
"text": "According to World Health Organization (WHO) estimations, one out of five adults worldwide will be obese by 2025. Worldwide obesity has doubled since 1980. In fact, more than 1.9 billion adults (39%) of 18 years and older were overweight and over 600 million (13%) of these were obese in 2014. 42 million children under the age of five were overweight or obese in 2014. Obesity is a top public health problem due to its associated morbidity and mortality. This paper reviews the main techniques to measure the level of obesity and body fat percentage, and explains the complications that can carry to the individual's quality of life, longevity and the significant cost of healthcare systems. Researchers and developers are adapting the existing technology, as intelligent phones or some wearable gadgets to be used for controlling obesity. They include the promoting of healthy eating culture and adopting the physical activity lifestyle. The paper also shows a comprehensive study of the most used mobile applications and Wireless Body Area Networks focused on controlling the obesity and overweight. Finally, this paper proposes an intelligent architecture that takes into account both, physiological and cognitive aspects to reduce the degree of obesity and overweight.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "d60f7144d7321567136aabdf8cc1ea04",
"text": "The higher variability introduced by distributed generation leads to fast changes in the aggregate load composition, and thus in the power response during voltage variations. The smart transformer, a power electronics-based distribution transformer with advanced control functionalities, can exploit the load dependence on voltage for providing services to the distribution and transmission grids. In this paper, two possible applications are proposed: 1) the smart transformer overload control by means of voltage control action and 2) the soft load reduction method, that reduces load consumption avoiding the load disconnection. These services depend on the correct identification of load dependence on voltage, which the smart transformer evaluates in real time based on load measurements. The effect of the distributed generation on net load sensitivity has been derived and demonstrated with the control hardware in loop evaluation by means of a real time digital simulator.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "85bc241c03d417099aa155766e6a1421",
"text": "Passwords continue to prevail on the web as the primary method for user authentication despite their well-known security and usability drawbacks. Password managers offer some improvement without requiring server-side changes. In this paper, we evaluate the security of dual-possession authentication, an authentication approach offering encrypted storage of passwords and theft-resistance without the use of a master password. We further introduce Tapas, a concrete implementation of dual-possession authentication leveraging a desktop computer and a smartphone. Tapas requires no server-side changes to websites, no master password, and protects all the stored passwords in the event either the primary or secondary device (e.g., computer or phone) is stolen. To evaluate the viability of Tapas as an alternative to traditional password managers, we perform a 30 participant user study comparing Tapas to two configurations of Firefox's built-in password manager. We found users significantly preferred Tapas. We then improve Tapas by incorporating feedback from this study, and reevaluate it with an additional 10 participants.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "001d2da1fbdaf2c49311f6e68b245076",
"text": "Lack of physical activity is a serious health concern for individuals who are visually impaired as they have fewer opportunities and incentives to engage in physical activities that provide the amounts and kinds of stimulation sufficient to maintain adequate fitness and to support a healthy standard of living. Exergames are video games that use physical activity as input and which have the potential to change sedentary lifestyles and associated health problems such as obesity. We identify that exergames have a number properties that could overcome the barriers to physical activity that individuals with visual impairments face. However, exergames rely upon being able to perceive visual cues that indicate to the player what input to provide. This paper presents VI Tennis, a modified version of a popular motion sensing exergame that explores the use of vibrotactile and audio cues. The effectiveness of providing multimodal (tactile/audio) versus unimodal (audio) cues was evaluated with a user study with 13 children who are blind. Children achieved moderate to vigorous levels of physical activity- the amount required to yield health benefits. No significant difference in active energy expenditure was found between both versions, though children scored significantly better with the tactile/audio version and also enjoyed playing this version more, which emphasizes the potential of tactile/audio feedback for engaging players for longer periods of time.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "940e7dc630b7dcbe097ade7abb2883a4",
"text": "Modern object detection methods typically rely on bounding box proposals as input. While initially popularized in the 2D case, this idea has received increasing attention for 3D bounding boxes. Nevertheless, existing 3D box proposal techniques all assume having access to depth as input, which is unfortunately not always available in practice. In this paper, we therefore introduce an approach to generating 3D box proposals from a single monocular RGB image. To this end, we develop an integrated, fully differentiable framework that inherently predicts a depth map, extracts a 3D volumetric scene representation and generates 3D object proposals. At the core of our approach lies a novel residual, differentiable truncated signed distance function module, which, accounting for the relatively low accuracy of the predicted depth map, extracts a 3D volumetric representation of the scene. Our experiments on the standard NYUv2 dataset demonstrate that our framework lets us generate high-quality 3D box proposals and that it outperforms the two-stage technique consisting of successively performing state-of-the-art depth prediction and depthbased 3D proposal generation.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "645f49ff21d31bb99cce9f05449df0d7",
"text": "The growing popularity of the JSON format has fueled increased interest in loading and processing JSON data within analytical data processing systems. However, in many applications, JSON parsing dominates performance and cost. In this paper, we present a new JSON parser called Mison that is particularly tailored to this class of applications, by pushing down both projection and filter operators of analytical queries into the parser. To achieve these features, we propose to deviate from the traditional approach of building parsers using finite state machines (FSMs). Instead, we follow a two-level approach that enables the parser to jump directly to the correct position of a queried field without having to perform expensive tokenizing steps to find the field. At the upper level, Mison speculatively predicts the logical locations of queried fields based on previously seen patterns in a dataset. At the lower level, Mison builds structural indices on JSON data to map logical locations to physical locations. Unlike all existing FSM-based parsers, building structural indices converts control flow into data flow, thereby largely eliminating inherently unpredictable branches in the program and exploiting the parallelism available in modern processors. We experimentally evaluate Mison using representative real-world JSON datasets and the TPC-H benchmark, and show that Mison produces significant performance benefits over the best existing JSON parsers; in some cases, the performance improvement is over one order of magnitude.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "5bf9aeb37fc1a82420b2ff4136f547d0",
"text": "Visual Question Answering (VQA) is a popular research problem that involves inferring answers to natural language questions about a given visual scene. Recent neural network approaches to VQA use attention to select relevant image features based on the question. In this paper, we propose a novel Dual Attention Network (DAN) that not only attends to image features, but also to question features. The selected linguistic and visual features are combined by a recurrent model to infer the final answer. We experiment with different question representations and do several ablation studies to evaluate the model on the challenging VQA dataset.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "93af342862b02d12463fc452834b6717",
"text": "The posterior cerebral artery (PCA) has been noted in literature to have anatomical variations, specifically fenestration. Cerebral arteries with fenestrations are uncommon, especially when associated with other vascular pathologies. We report a case here of fenestrations within the P1 segment of the right PCA associated with a right middle cerebral artery (MCA) aneurysm in an elder adult male who presented with a new onset of headaches. The patient was treated with vascular clipping of the MCA and has recovered well. Identifying anatomical variations with appropriate imaging is of particular importance in neuro-interventional procedures as it may have an impact on the procedure itself and consequently post-interventional outcomes. Categories: Neurology, Neurosurgery",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "3361e6c7a448e69a73e8b3e879815386",
"text": "The neck is not only the first anatomical area to show aging but also contributes to the persona of the individual. The understanding the aging process of the neck is essential for neck rejuvenation. Multiple neck rejuvenation techniques have been reported in the literature. In 1974, Skoog [1] described the anatomy of the superficial musculoaponeurotic system (SMAS) and its role in the aging of the neck. Recently, many patients have expressed interest in minimally invasive surgery with a low risk of complications and short recovery period. The use of thread for neck rejuvenation and the concept of the suture suspension neck lift have become widespread as a convenient and effective procedure; nevertheless, complications have also been reported such as recurrence, inadequate correction, and palpability of the sutures. In this study, we analyzed a new type of thread lift: elastic lift that uses elastic thread (Elasticum; Korpo SRL, Genova, Italy). We already use this new technique for the midface lift and can confirm its efficacy and safety in that context. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the outcomes and safety of the elastic lift technique for neck region lifting.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "33ad7f5618d356b5d28b887f30e3ba84",
"text": "BACKGROUND\nHaving cancer may result in extensive emotional, physical and social suffering. Music interventions have been used to alleviate symptoms and treatment side effects in cancer patients.\n\n\nOBJECTIVES\nTo compare the effects of music therapy or music medicine interventions and standard care with standard care alone, or standard care and other interventions in patients with cancer.\n\n\nSEARCH STRATEGY\nWe searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (The Cochrane Library 2010, Issue 10), MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, LILACS, Science Citation Index, CancerLit, www.musictherapyworld.net, CAIRSS, Proquest Digital Dissertations, ClinicalTrials.gov, Current Controlled Trials, and the National Research Register. All databases were searched from their start date to September 2010. We handsearched music therapy journals and reference lists and contacted experts. There was no language restriction.\n\n\nSELECTION CRITERIA\nWe included all randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and quasi-randomized trials of music interventions for improving psychological and physical outcomes in patients with cancer. Participants undergoing biopsy and aspiration for diagnostic purposes were excluded.\n\n\nDATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS\nTwo review authors independently extracted the data and assessed the risk of bias. Where possible, results were presented in meta analyses using mean differences and standardized mean differences. Post-test scores were used. In cases of significant baseline difference, we used change scores.\n\n\nMAIN RESULTS\nWe included 30 trials with a total of 1891 participants. We included music therapy interventions, offered by trained music therapists, as well as listening to pre-recorded music, offered by medical staff. The results suggest that music interventions may have a beneficial effect on anxiety in people with cancer, with a reported average anxiety reduction of 11.20 units (95% confidence interval (CI) -19.59 to -2.82, P = 0.009) on the STAI-S scale and -0.61 standardized units (95% CI -0.97 to -0.26, P = 0.0007) on other anxiety scales. Results also suggested a positive impact on mood (standardised mean difference (SMD) = 0.42, 95% CI 0.03 to 0.81, P = 0.03), but no support was found for depression.Music interventions may lead to small reductions in heart rate, respiratory rate, and blood pressure. A moderate pain-reducing effect was found (SMD = -0.59, 95% CI -0.92 to -0.27, P = 0.0003), but no strong evidence was found for enhancement of fatigue or physical status. The pooled estimate of two trials suggested a beneficial effect of music therapy on patients' quality of life (QoL) (SMD = 1.02, 95% CI 0.58 to 1.47, P = 0.00001).No conclusions could be drawn regarding the effect of music interventions on distress, body image, oxygen saturation level, immunologic functioning, spirituality, and communication outcomes.Seventeen trials used listening to pre-recorded music and 13 trials used music therapy interventions that actively engaged the patients. Not all studies included the same outcomes and due to the small number of studies per outcome, we could not compare the effectiveness of music medicine interventions with that of music therapy interventions.\n\n\nAUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS\nThis systematic review indicates that music interventions may have beneficial effects on anxiety, pain, mood, and QoL in people with cancer. Furthermore, music may have a small effect on heart rate, respiratory rate, and blood pressure. Most trials were at high risk of bias and, therefore, these results need to be interpreted with caution.",
"title": ""
}
] | scidocsrr |
522bb46a58652c1f314665fd7088ede0 | Track k: medical information systems. | [
{
"docid": "cdc3e4b096be6775547a8902af52e798",
"text": "OBJECTIVE\nThe aim of the study was to present a systematic review of studies that investigate the effects of robot-assisted therapy on motor and functional recovery in patients with stroke.\n\n\nMETHODS\nA database of articles published up to October 2006 was compiled using the following Medline key words: cerebral vascular accident, cerebral vascular disorders, stroke, paresis, hemiplegia, upper extremity, arm, and robot. References listed in relevant publications were also screened. Studies that satisfied the following selection criteria were included: (1) patients were diagnosed with cerebral vascular accident; (2) effects of robot-assisted therapy for the upper limb were investigated; (3) the outcome was measured in terms of motor and/or functional recovery of the upper paretic limb; and (4) the study was a randomized clinical trial (RCT). For each outcome measure, the estimated effect size (ES) and the summary effect size (SES) expressed in standard deviation units (SDU) were calculated for motor recovery and functional ability (activities of daily living [ADLs]) using fixed and random effect models. Ten studies, involving 218 patients, were included in the synthesis. Their methodological quality ranged from 4 to 8 on a (maximum) 10-point scale.\n\n\nRESULTS\nMeta-analysis showed a nonsignificant heterogeneous SES in terms of upper limb motor recovery. Sensitivity analysis of studies involving only shoulder-elbow robotics subsequently demonstrated a significant homogeneous SES for motor recovery of the upper paretic limb. No significant SES was observed for functional ability (ADL).\n\n\nCONCLUSION\nAs a result of marked heterogeneity in studies between distal and proximal arm robotics, no overall significant effect in favor of robot-assisted therapy was found in the present meta-analysis. However, subsequent sensitivity analysis showed a significant improvement in upper limb motor function after stroke for upper arm robotics. No significant improvement was found in ADL function. However, the administered ADL scales in the reviewed studies fail to adequately reflect recovery of the paretic upper limb, whereas valid instruments that measure outcome of dexterity of the paretic arm and hand are mostly absent in selected studies. Future research into the effects of robot-assisted therapy should therefore distinguish between upper and lower robotics arm training and concentrate on kinematical analysis to differentiate between genuine upper limb motor recovery and functional recovery due to compensation strategies by proximal control of the trunk and upper limb.",
"title": ""
}
] | [
{
"docid": "b0b024072e7cde0b404a9be5862ecdd1",
"text": "Recent studies have led to the recognition of the epidermal growth factor receptor HER3 as a key player in cancer, and consequently this receptor has gained increased interest as a target for cancer therapy. We have previously generated several Affibody molecules with subnanomolar affinity for the HER3 receptor. Here, we investigate the effects of two of these HER3-specific Affibody molecules, Z05416 and Z05417, on different HER3-overexpressing cancer cell lines. Using flow cytometry and confocal microscopy, the Affibody molecules were shown to bind to HER3 on three different cell lines. Furthermore, the receptor binding of the natural ligand heregulin (HRG) was blocked by addition of Affibody molecules. In addition, both molecules suppressed HRG-induced HER3 and HER2 phosphorylation in MCF-7 cells, as well as HER3 phosphorylation in constantly HER2-activated SKBR-3 cells. Importantly, Western blot analysis also revealed that HRG-induced downstream signalling through the Ras-MAPK pathway as well as the PI3K-Akt pathway was blocked by the Affibody molecules. Finally, in an in vitro proliferation assay, the two Affibody molecules demonstrated complete inhibition of HRG-induced cancer cell growth. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that Z05416 and Z05417 exert an anti-proliferative effect on two breast cancer cell lines by inhibiting HRG-induced phosphorylation of HER3, suggesting that the Affibody molecules are promising candidates for future HER3-targeted cancer therapy.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "efb305d95cf7197877de0b2fb510f33a",
"text": "Drug-induced cardiotoxicity is emerging as an important issue among cancer survivors. For several decades, this topic was almost exclusively associated with anthracyclines, for which cumulative dose-related cardiac damage was the limiting step in their use. Although a number of efforts have been directed towards prediction of risk, so far no consensus exists on the strategies to prevent and monitor chemotherapy-related cardiotoxicity. Recently, a new dimension of the problem has emerged when drugs targeting the activity of certain tyrosine kinases or tumor receptors were recognized to carry an unwanted effect on the cardiovascular system. Moreover, the higher than expected incidence of cardiac dysfunction occurring in patients treated with a combination of old and new chemotherapeutics (e.g. anthracyclines and trastuzumab) prompted clinicians and researchers to find an effective approach to the problem. From the pharmacological standpoint, putative molecular mechanisms involved in chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity will be reviewed. From the clinical standpoint, current strategies to reduce cardiotoxicity will be critically addressed. In this perspective, the precise identification of the antitarget (i.e. the unwanted target causing heart damage) and the development of guidelines to monitor patients undergoing treatment with cardiotoxic agents appear to constitute the basis for the management of drug-induced cardiotoxicity.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "cf1c04b4d0c61632d7a3969668d5e751",
"text": "A 3 dB power divider/combiner in substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) technology is presented. The divider consists of an E-plane SIW bifurcation with an embedded thick film resistor. The transition divides a full-height SIW into two SIWs of half the height. The resistor provides isolation between these two. The divider is fabricated in a multilayer process using high frequency substrates. For the resistor carbon paste is printed on the middle layer of the stack-up. Simulation and measurement results are presented. The measured divider exhibits an isolation of better than 22 dB within a bandwidth of more than 3GHz at 20 GHz.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "7c27bfa849ba0bd49f9ddaec9beb19b5",
"text": "Very High Spatial Resolution (VHSR) large-scale SAR image databases are still an unresolved issue in the Remote Sensing field. In this work, we propose such a dataset and use it to explore patch-based classification in urban and periurban areas, considering 7 distinct semantic classes. In this context, we investigate the accuracy of large CNN classification models and pre-trained networks for SAR imaging systems. Furthermore, we propose a Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) for SAR image generation and test, whether the synthetic data can actually improve classification accuracy.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "eb101664f08f0c5c7cf6bcf8e058b180",
"text": "Rapidly progressive renal failure (RPRF) is an initial clinical diagnosis in patients who present with progressive renal impairment of short duration. The underlying etiology may be a primary renal disease or a systemic disorder. Important differential diagnoses include vasculitis (systemic or renal-limited), systemic lupus erythematosus, multiple myeloma, thrombotic microangiopathy and acute interstitial nephritis. Good history taking, clinical examination and relevant investigations including serology and ultimately kidney biopsy are helpful in clinching the diagnosis. Early definitive diagnosis of RPRF is essential to reverse the otherwise relentless progression to end-stage kidney disease.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "9441113599194d172b6f618058b2ba88",
"text": "Vegetable quality is frequently referred to size, shape, mass, firmness, color and bruises from which fruits can be classified and sorted. However, technological by small and middle producers implementation to assess this quality is unfeasible, due to high costs of software, equipment as well as operational costs. Based on these considerations, the proposal of this research is to evaluate a new open software that enables the classification system by recognizing fruit shape, volume, color and possibly bruises at a unique glance. The software named ImageJ, compatible with Windows, Linux and MAC/OS, is quite popular in medical research and practices, and offers algorithms to obtain the above mentioned parameters. The software allows calculation of volume, area, averages, border detection, image improvement and morphological operations in a variety of image archive formats as well as extensions by means of “plugins” written in Java.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "d4fff9c75f3e8e699bbf5815b81e77b0",
"text": "We compare the robustness of humans and current convolutional deep neural networks (DNNs) on object recognition under twelve different types of image degradations. First, using three well known DNNs (ResNet-152, VGG-19, GoogLeNet) we find the human visual system to be more robust to nearly all of the tested image manipulations, and we observe progressively diverging classification error-patterns between humans and DNNs when the signal gets weaker. Secondly, we show that DNNs trained directly on distorted images consistently surpass human performance on the exact distortion types they were trained on, yet they display extremely poor generalisation abilities when tested on other distortion types. For example, training on salt-and-pepper noise does not imply robustness on uniform white noise and vice versa. Thus, changes in the noise distribution between training and testing constitutes a crucial challenge to deep learning vision systems that can be systematically addressed in a lifelong machine learning approach. Our new dataset consisting of 83K carefully measured human psychophysical trials provide a useful reference for lifelong robustness against image degradations set by the human visual system.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "69624d1ab7b438d5ff4b5192f492a11a",
"text": "1. SLICED PROGRAMMABLE NETWORKS OpenFlow [4] has been demonstrated as a way for researchers to run networking experiments in their production network. Last year, we demonstrated how an OpenFlow controller running on NOX [3] could move VMs seamlessly around an OpenFlow network [1]. While OpenFlow has potential [2] to open control of the network, only one researcher can innovate on the network at a time. What is required is a way to divide, or slice, network resources so that researchers and network administrators can use them in parallel. Network slicing implies that actions in one slice do not negatively affect other slices, even if they share the same underlying physical hardware. A common network slicing technique is VLANs. With VLANs, the administrator partitions the network by switch port and all traffic is mapped to a VLAN by input port or explicit tag. This coarse-grained type of network slicing complicates more interesting experiments such as IP mobility or wireless handover. Here, we demonstrate FlowVisor, a special purpose OpenFlow controller that allows multiple researchers to run experiments safely and independently on the same production OpenFlow network. To motivate FlowVisor’s flexibility, we demonstrate four network slices running in parallel: one slice for the production network and three slices running experimental code (Figure 1). Our demonstration runs on real network hardware deployed on our production network at Stanford and a wide-area test-bed with a mix of wired and wireless technologies.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "d035f857c5f9a57957314a574bb2b6ff",
"text": "uted through the environments’ material and cultural artifacts and through other people in collaborative efforts to complete complex tasks (Latour, 1987; Pea, 1993). For example, Hutchins (1995a) documents how the task of landing a plane can be best understood through investigating a unit of analysis that includes the pilot, the manufactured tools, and the social context. In this case, the tools and social context are not merely “aides” to the pilot’s cognition but rather essential features of a composite. Similarly, tools such as calculators enable students to complete computational tasks in ways that would be distinctly different if the calculators were absent (Pea, 1993). In these cases, cognitive activity is “stretched over” actors and artifacts. Hence, human activity is best understood by considering both artifacts and actors together through cycles of task completion because the artifacts and actors are essentially intertwined in action contexts (Lave, 1988). In addition to material tools, action is distributed across language, theories of action, and interpretive schema, providing the “mediational means” that enable and transform intelligent social activity (Brown & Duguid, 1991; Leont’ev, 1975, 1981; Vygotsky, 1978; Wertsch, 1991). These material and cultural artifacts form identifiable aspects of the “sociocultural” context as products of particular social and cultural situations (Vygotsky, 1978; Wertsch, 1991). Actors develop common understandings and draw on cultural, social, and historical norms in order to think and act. Thus, even when a particular cognitive task is undertaken by an individual apparently in solo, the individual relies on a variety of sociocultural artifacts such as computational methods and language that are social in origin (Wertsch, 1991). HowWhile there is an expansive literature about what school structures, programs, and processes are necessary for instructional change, we know less about how these changes are undertaken or enacted by school leaders in their daily work. To study school leadership we must attend to leadership practice rather than chiefly or exclusively to school structures, programs, and designs. An in-depth analysis of the practice of school leaders is necessary to render an account of how school leadership works. Knowing what leaders do is one thing, but without a rich understanding of how and why they do it, our understanding of leadership is incomplete. To do that, it is insufficient to simply observe school leadership in action and generate thick descriptions of the observed practice. We need to observe from within a conceptual framework. In our opinion, the prevailing framework of individual agency, focused on positional leaders such as principals, is inadequate because leadership is not just a function of what these leaders know and do. Hence, our intent in this paper is to frame an exploration of how leaders think and act by developing a distributed perspective on leadership practice. The Distributed Leadership Study, a study we are currently conducting in Chicago, uses the distributed framework outlined in this paper to frame a program of research that examines the practice of leadership in urban elementary schools working to change mathematics, science, and literacy instruction (see http://www.letus.org/ dls/index.htm). This 4-year longitudinal study, funded by the National Science Foundation and the Spencer Foundation, is designed to make the “black box” of leadership practice more transparent through an in-depth analysis of leadership practice. This research identifies the tasks, actors, actions, and interactions of school leadership as they unfold together in the daily life of schools. The research program involves in-depth observations and interviews with formal and informal leaders and classroom teachers as well as a social network analysis in schools in the Chicago metropolitan area. We outline the distributed framework below, beginning with a brief review of the theoretical underpinnings for this work—distributed cognition and activity theory—which we then use to re-approach the subject of leadership practice. Next we develop our distributed theory of leadership around four ideas: leadership tasks and functions, task enactment, social distribution of task enactment, and situational distribution of task enactment. Our central argument is that school leadership is best understood as a distributed practice, stretched over the school’s social and situational contexts.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "e808fa6ebe5f38b7672fad04c5f43a3a",
"text": "A series of GeoVoCamps, run at least twice a year in locations in the U.S., have focused on ontology design patterns as an approach to inform metadata and data models, and on applications in the GeoSciences. In this note, we will redraw the brief history of the series as well as rationales for the particular approach which was chosen, and report on the ongoing uptake of the approach.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "95746fa1170e0498e92a443e6fc92336",
"text": "A paradigm shift is taking place in medicine from using synthetic implants and tissue grafts to a tissue engineering approach that uses degradable porous material scaffolds integrated with biological cells or molecules to regenerate tissues. This new paradigm requires scaffolds that balance temporary mechanical function with mass transport to aid biological delivery and tissue regeneration. Little is known quantitatively about this balance as early scaffolds were not fabricated with precise porous architecture. Recent advances in both computational topology design (CTD) and solid free-form fabrication (SFF) have made it possible to create scaffolds with controlled architecture. This paper reviews the integration of CTD with SFF to build designer tissue-engineering scaffolds. It also details the mechanical properties and tissue regeneration achieved using designer scaffolds. Finally, future directions are suggested for using designer scaffolds with in vivo experimentation to optimize tissue-engineering treatments, and coupling designer scaffolds with cell printing to create designer material/biofactor hybrids.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "f3348f2323a5a97980551f00367703d1",
"text": "Bacterial samples had been isolated from clinically detected diseased juvenile Pangasius, collected from Mymensingh, Bangladesh. Primarily, the isolates were found as Gram-negative, motile, oxidase-positive, fermentative, and O/129 resistant Aeromonas bacteria. The species was exposed as Aeromonas hydrophila from esculin hydrolysis test. Ten isolates of A. hydrophila were identified from eye lesions, kidney, and liver of the infected fishes. Further characterization of A. hydrophila was accomplished using API-20E and antibiotic sensitivity test. Isolates were highly resistant to amoxyclav among ten different antibiotics. All isolates were found as immensely pathogenic to healthy fishes while intraperitoneal injection. Histopathologically, necrotic hematopoietic tissues with pyknotic nuclei, mild hemorrhage, and wide vacuolation in kidney, liver, and muscle were principally noticed due to Aeromonad infection. So far, this is the first full note on characterizing A. hydrophila from diseased farmed Pangasius in Bangladesh. The present findings will provide further direction to develop theranostic strategies of A. hydrophila infection.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "bb28519ca1161bafb9b3812b1fd66ed1",
"text": "Considering the variations of inertia in real applications, an adaptive control scheme for the permanent-magnet synchronous motor speed-regulation system is proposed in this paper. First, a composite control method, i.e., the extended-state-observer (ESO)-based control method, is employed to ensure the performance of the closed-loop system. The ESO can estimate both the states and the disturbances simultaneously so that the composite speed controller can have a corresponding part to compensate for the disturbances. Then, considering the case of variations of load inertia, an adaptive control scheme is developed by analyzing the control performance relationship between the feedforward compensation gain and the system inertia. By using inertia identification techniques, a fuzzy-inferencer-based supervisor is designed to automatically tune the feedforward compensation gain according to the identified inertia. Simulation and experimental results both show that the proposed method achieves a better speed response in the presence of inertia variations.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "9b8317646ce6cad433e47e42198be488",
"text": "OBJECTIVE\nDigital mental wellbeing interventions are increasingly being used by the general public as well as within clinical treatment. Among these, mindfulness and meditation programs delivered through mobile device applications are gaining popularity. However, little is known about how people use and experience such applications and what are the enabling factors and barriers to effective use. To address this gap, the study reported here sought to understand how users adopt and experience a popular mobile-based mindfulness intervention.\n\n\nMETHODS\nA qualitative semi-structured interview study was carried out with 16 participants aged 25-38 (M=32.5) using the commercially popular mindfulness application Headspace for 30-40days. All participants were employed and living in a large UK city. The study design and interview schedule were informed by an autoethnography carried out by the first author for thirty days before the main study began. Results were interpreted in terms of the Reasoned Action Approach to understand behaviour change.\n\n\nRESULTS\nThe core concern of users was fitting the application into their busy lives. Use was also influenced by patterns in daily routines, on-going reflections about the consequences of using the app, perceived self-efficacy, emotion and mood states, personal relationships and social norms. Enabling factors for use included positive attitudes towards mindfulness and use of the app, realistic expectations and positive social influences. Barriers to use were found to be busy lifestyles, lack of routine, strong negative emotions and negative perceptions of mindfulness.\n\n\nCONCLUSIONS\nMobile wellbeing interventions should be designed with consideration of people's beliefs, affective states and lifestyles, and should be flexible to meet the needs of different users. Designers should incorporate features in the design of applications that manage expectations about use and that support users to fit app use into a busy lifestyle. The Reasoned Action Approach was found to be a useful theory to inform future research and design of persuasive mental wellbeing technologies.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "865ca372a2b073e672c535a94c04c2ad",
"text": "The work presented here involves the design of a Multi Layer Perceptron (MLP) based pattern classifier for recognition of handwritten Bangla digits using a 76 element feature vector. Bangla is the second most popular script and language in the Indian subcontinent and the fifth most popular language in the world. The feature set developed for representing handwritten Bangla numerals here includes 24 shadow features, 16 centroid features and 36 longest-run features. On experimentation with a database of 6000 samples, the technique yields an average recognition rate of 96.67% evaluated after three-fold cross validation of results. It is useful for applications related to OCR of handwritten Bangla Digit and can also be extended to include OCR of handwritten characters of Bangla alphabet.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "8c47d9a93e3b9d9f31b77b724bf45578",
"text": "A high-sensitivity fully passive 868-MHz wake-up radio (WUR) front-end for wireless sensor network nodes is presented. The front-end does not have an external power source and extracts the entire energy from the radio-frequency (RF) signal received at the antenna. A high-efficiency differential RF-to-DC converter rectifies the incident RF signal and drives the circuit blocks including a low-power comparator and reference generators; and at the same time detects the envelope of the on-off keying (OOK) wake-up signal. The front-end is designed and simulated 0.13μm CMOS and achieves a sensitivity of -33 dBm for a 100 kbps wake-up signal.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "17f171d0d91c1d914600a238f6446650",
"text": "One of the cornerstones of the field of signal processing on graphs are graph filters, direct analogues of classical filters, but intended for signals defined on graphs. This work brings forth new insights on the distributed graph filtering problem. We design a family of autoregressive moving average (ARMA) recursions, which (i) are able to approximate any desired graph frequency response, and (ii) give exact solutions for tasks such as graph signal denoising and interpolation. The design philosophy, which allows us to design the ARMA coefficients independently from the underlying graph, renders the ARMA graph filters suitable in static and, particularly, time-varying settings. The latter occur when the graph signal and/or graph are changing over time. We show that in case of a time-varying graph signal our approach extends naturally to a two-dimensional filter, operating concurrently in the graph and regular time domains. We also derive sufficient conditions for filter stability when the graph and signal are time-varying. The analytical and numerical results presented in this paper illustrate that ARMA graph filters are practically appealing for static and time-varying settings, accompanied by strong theoretical guarantees. Keywords— distributed graph filtering, signal processing on graphs, time-varying graph signals, time-varying graphs",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "257b4e500cb0342835cd139e4eb11570",
"text": "The capability of avoid obstacles is the one of the key issues in autonomous search-and-rescue robots research area. In this study, the avoiding obstacles capability has been provided to the virtula robots in USARSim environment. The aim is finding the minimum movement when robot faces an obstacle in path. For obstacle avoidance we used an real time path planning method which is called Vector Field Histogram (VFH). After experiments we observed that VFH method is successful method for obstacle avoidance. Moreover, the usage of VFH method is highly incresing the amount of the visited places per unit time.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "ce9238236040aed852b1c8f255088b61",
"text": "This paper proposes a high efficiency LLC resonant inverter for induction heating applications by using asymmetrical voltage cancellation control. The proposed control method is implemented in a full-bridge topology for induction heating application. The operating frequency is automatically adjusted to maintain a small constant lagging phase angle under load parameter variation. The output power is controlled using the asymmetrical voltage cancellation technique. The LLC resonant tank is designed without the use of output transformer. This results in an increase of the net efficiency of the induction heating system. The validity of the proposed method is verified through computer simulation and hardware experiment at the operating frequency of 93 to 96 kHz.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "6806ff9626d68336dce539a8f2c440af",
"text": "Obesity and hypertension, major risk factors for the metabolic syndrome, render individuals susceptible to an increased risk of cardiovascular complications, such as adverse cardiac remodeling and heart failure. There has been much investigation into the role that an increase in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) plays in the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome and in particular, how aldosterone mediates left ventricular hypertrophy and increased cardiac fibrosis via its interaction with the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR). Here, we review the pertinent findings that link obesity with elevated aldosterone and the development of cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis associated with the metabolic syndrome. These studies illustrate a complex cross-talk between adipose tissue, the heart, and the adrenal cortex. Furthermore, we discuss findings from our laboratory that suggest that cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis in the metabolic syndrome may involve cross-talk between aldosterone and adipokines (such as adiponectin).",
"title": ""
}
] | scidocsrr |
d1c7dc76c0dbaff5997a6593a952d6de | Multi-label hypothesis reuse | [
{
"docid": "bcaa7d61466f21757226ef0239f14b5b",
"text": "Multi-label learning originated from the investigation of text categorization problem, where each document may belong to several predefined topics simultaneously. In multi-label learning, the training set is composed of instances each associated with a set of labels, and the task is to predict the label sets of unseen instances through analyzing training instances with known label sets. In this paper, a multi-label lazy learning approach named Mlknn is presented, which is derived from the traditional k-Nearest Neighbor (kNN) algorithm. In detail, for each unseen instance, its k nearest neighbors in the training set are firstly identified. After that, based on statistical information gained from the label sets of these neighboring instances, i.e. the number of neighboring instances belonging to each possible class, maximum a posteriori (MAP) principle is utilized to determine the label set for the unseen instance. Experiments on three different real-world multi-label learning problems, i.e. Yeast gene functional analysis, natural scene classification and automatic web page categorization, show that Ml-knn achieves superior performance to some well-established multi-label learning algorithms.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "0f10aa71d58858ea1d8d7571a7cbfe22",
"text": "We study hierarchical classification in the general case when an instance could belong to more than one class node in the underlying taxonomy. Experiments done in previous work showed that a simple hierarchy of Support Vectors Machines (SVM) with a top-down evaluation scheme has a surprisingly good performance on this kind of task. In this paper, we introduce a refined evaluation scheme which turns the hierarchical SVM classifier into an approximator of the Bayes optimal classifier with respect to a simple stochastic model for the labels. Experiments on synthetic datasets, generated according to this stochastic model, show that our refined algorithm outperforms the simple hierarchical SVM. On real-world data, however, the advantage brought by our approach is a bit less clear. We conjecture this is due to a higher noise rate for the training labels in the low levels of the taxonomy.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "49c7d088e4122831eddfe864a44b69ca",
"text": "Common approaches to multi-label classification learn independent classifiers for each category, and employ ranking or thresholding schemes for classification. Because they do not exploit dependencies between labels, such techniques are only well-suited to problems in which categories are independent. However, in many domains labels are highly interdependent. This paper explores multi-label conditional random field (CRF)classification models that directly parameterize label co-occurrences in multi-label classification. Experiments show that the models outperform their single-label counterparts on standard text corpora. Even when multi-labels are sparse, the models improve subset classification error by as much as 40%.",
"title": ""
}
] | [
{
"docid": "e84ca42f96cca0fe3ed7c70d90554a8d",
"text": "While the volume of scholarly publications has increased at a frenetic pace, accessing and consuming the useful candidate papers, in very large digital libraries, is becoming an essential and challenging task for scholars. Unfortunately, because of language barrier, some scientists (especially the junior ones or graduate students who do not master other languages) cannot efficiently locate the publications hosted in a foreign language repository. In this study, we propose a novel solution, cross-language citation recommendation via Hierarchical Representation Learning on Heterogeneous Graph (HRLHG), to address this new problem. HRLHG can learn a representation function by mapping the publications, from multilingual repositories, to a low-dimensional joint embedding space from various kinds of vertexes and relations on a heterogeneous graph. By leveraging both global (task specific) plus local (task independent) information as well as a novel supervised hierarchical random walk algorithm, the proposed method can optimize the publication representations by maximizing the likelihood of locating the important cross-language neighborhoods on the graph. Experiment results show that the proposed method can not only outperform state-of-the-art baseline models, but also improve the interpretability of the representation model for cross-language citation recommendation task.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "600d04e1d78084b36c9fb573fb9d699a",
"text": "A mobile robot is designed to pick and place the objects through voice commands. This work would be practically useful to wheelchair bound persons. The pick and place robot is designed in a way that it is able to help the user to pick up an item that is placed at two different levels using an extendable arm. The robot would move around to pick up an item and then pass it back to the user or to a desired location as told by the user. The robot control is achieved through voice commands such as left, right, straight, etc. in order to help the robot to navigate around. Raspberry Pi 2 controls the overall design with 5 DOF servo motor arm. The webcam is used to navigate around which provides live streaming using a mobile application for the user to look into. Results show the ability of the robot to pick and place the objects up to a height of 23.5cm through proper voice commands.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "a47d9d5ddcd605755eb60d5499ad7f7a",
"text": "This paper presents a 14MHz Class-E power amplifier to be used for wireless power transmission. The Class-E power amplifier was built to consider the VSWR and the frequency bandwidth. Tw o kinds of circuits were designed: the high and low quality factor amplifiers. The low quality factor amplifier is confirmed to have larger bandwidth than the high quality factor amplifier. It has also possessed less sensitive characteristics. Therefore, the low quality factor amplifier circuit was adopted and tested. The effect of gate driving input source is studied. The efficiency of the Class-E amplifier reaches 85.5% at 63W.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "5a3b8a2ec8df71956c10b2eb10eabb99",
"text": "During a project examining the use of machine learning techniques for oil spill detection, we encountered several essential questions that we believe deserve the attention of the research community. We use our particular case study to illustrate such issues as problem formulation, selection of evaluation measures, and data preparation. We relate these issues to properties of the oil spill application, such as its imbalanced class distribution, that are shown to be common to many applications. Our solutions to these issues are implemented in the Canadian Environmental Hazards Detection System (CEHDS), which is about to undergo field testing.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "a0129e90268bd59895d3de66f5b04d7b",
"text": "There is an emerging trend in higher education for the adoption of massive open online courses (MOOCs). However, despite this interest in learning at scale, there has been limited work investigating the impact MOOCs can play on student learning. In this study, we adopt a novel approach, using language and discourse as a tool to explore its association with two established measures related to learning: traditional academic performance and social centrality. We demonstrate how characteristics of language diagnostically reveal the performance and social position of learners as they interact in a MOOC. We use CohMetrix, a theoretically grounded, computational linguistic modeling tool, to explore students’ forum postings across five potent discourse dimensions. Using a Social Network Analysis (SNA) methodology, we determine learners’ social centrality. Linear mixed-effect modeling is used for all other analyses to control for individual learner and text characteristics. The results indicate that learners performed significantly better when they engaged in more expository style discourse, with surface and deep level cohesive integration, abstract language, and simple syntactic structures. However, measures of social centrality revealed a different picture. Learners garnered a more significant and central position in their social network when they engaged with more narrative style discourse with less overlap between words and ideas, simpler syntactic structures and abstract words. Implications for further research and practice are discussed regarding the misalignment between these two learning-related outcomes.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "532463ff1e5e91a2f9054cb86dcfa654",
"text": "During the last ten years, the discontinuous Galerkin time-domain (DGTD) method has progressively emerged as a viable alternative to well established finite-di↵erence time-domain (FDTD) and finite-element time-domain (FETD) methods for the numerical simulation of electromagnetic wave propagation problems in the time-domain. The method is now actively studied for various application contexts including those requiring to model light/matter interactions on the nanoscale. In this paper we further demonstrate the capabilities of the method for the simulation of near-field plasmonic interactions by considering more particularly the possibility of combining the use of a locally refined conforming tetrahedral mesh with a local adaptation of the approximation order.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "7dfbb5e01383b5f50dbeb87d55ceb719",
"text": "In recent years, a number of network forensics techniques have been proposed to investigate the increasing number of cybercrimes. Network forensics techniques assist in tracking internal and external network attacks by focusing on inherent network vulnerabilities and communication mechanisms. However, investigation of cybercrime becomes more challenging when cyber criminals erase the traces in order to avoid detection. Therefore, network forensics techniques employ mechanisms to facilitate investigation by recording every single packet and event that is disseminated into the network. As a result, it allows identification of the origin of the attack through reconstruction of the recorded data. In the current literature, network forensics techniques are studied on the basis of forensic tools, process models and framework implementations. However, a comprehensive study of cybercrime investigation using network forensics frameworks along with a critical review of present network forensics techniques is lacking. In other words, our study is motivated by the diversity of digital evidence and the difficulty of addressing numerous attacks in the network using network forensics techniques. Therefore, this paper reviews the fundamental mechanism of network forensics techniques to determine how network attacks are identified in the network. Through an extensive review of related literature, a thematic taxonomy is proposed for the classification of current network forensics techniques based on its implementation as well as target data sets involved in the conducting of forensic investigations. The critical aspects and significant features of the current network forensics techniques are investigated using qualitative analysis technique. We derive significant parameters from the literature for discussing the similarities and differences in existing network forensics techniques. The parameters include framework nature, mechanism, target dataset, target instance, forensic processing, time of investigation, execution definition, and objective function. Finally, open research challenges are discussed in network forensics to assist researchers in selecting the appropriate domains for further research and obtain ideas for exploring optimal techniques for investigating cyber-crimes. & 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "f133afb99d9d1f44c03e542db05b3d1e",
"text": "Recently popularized graph neural networks achieve the state-of-the-art accuracy on a number of standard benchmark datasets for graph-based semi-supervised learning, improving significantly over existing approaches. These architectures alternate between a propagation layer that aggregates the hidden states of the local neighborhood and a fully-connected layer. Perhaps surprisingly, we show that a linear model, that removes all the intermediate fullyconnected layers, is still able to achieve a performance comparable to the state-of-the-art models. This significantly reduces the number of parameters, which is critical for semi-supervised learning where number of labeled examples are small. This in turn allows a room for designing more innovative propagation layers. Based on this insight, we propose a novel graph neural network that removes all the intermediate fully-connected layers, and replaces the propagation layers with attention mechanisms that respect the structure of the graph. The attention mechanism allows us to learn a dynamic and adaptive local summary of the neighborhood to achieve more accurate predictions. In a number of experiments on benchmark citation networks datasets, we demonstrate that our approach outperforms competing methods. By examining the attention weights among neighbors, we show that our model provides some interesting insights on how neighbors influence each other.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "6c4c56fcc697512105571bbe5103f7ab",
"text": "Surgical anaesthesia with haemodynamic stability and opioid-free analgesia in fragile patients can theoretically be provided with lumbosacral plexus blockade. We compared a novel ultrasound-guided suprasacral technique for blockade of the lumbar plexus and the lumbosacral trunk with ultrasound-guided blockade of the lumbar plexus. The objective was to investigate whether the suprasacral technique is equally effective for anaesthesia of the terminal lumbar plexus nerves compared with a lumbar plexus block, and more effective for anaesthesia of the lumbosacral trunk. Twenty volunteers were included in a randomised crossover trial comparing the new suprasacral with a lumbar plexus block. The primary outcome was sensory dermatome anaesthesia of L2-S1. Secondary outcomes were peri-neural analgesic spread estimated with magnetic resonance imaging, sensory blockade of dermatomes L2-S3, motor blockade, volunteer discomfort, arterial blood pressure change, block performance time, lidocaine pharmacokinetics and complications. Only one volunteer in the suprasacral group had sensory blockade of all dermatomes L2-S1. Epidural spread was verified by magnetic resonance imaging in seven of the 34 trials (two suprasacral and five lumbar plexus blocks). Success rates of the sensory and motor blockade were 88-100% for the major lumbar plexus nerves with the suprasacral technique, and 59-88% with the lumbar plexus block (p > 0.05). Success rate of motor blockade was 50% for the lumbosacral trunk with the suprasacral technique and zero with the lumbar plexus block (p < 0.05). Both techniques are effective for blockade of the terminal nerves of the lumbar plexus. The suprasacral parallel shift technique is 50% effective for blockade of the lumbosacral trunk.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "aee250663a05106c4c0fad9d0f72828c",
"text": "Robust and accurate visual tracking is one of the most challenging computer vision problems. Due to the inherent lack of training data, a robust approach for constructing a target appearance model is crucial. Recently, discriminatively learned correlation filters (DCF) have been successfully applied to address this problem for tracking. These methods utilize a periodic assumption of the training samples to efficiently learn a classifier on all patches in the target neighborhood. However, the periodic assumption also introduces unwanted boundary effects, which severely degrade the quality of the tracking model. We propose Spatially Regularized Discriminative Correlation Filters (SRDCF) for tracking. A spatial regularization component is introduced in the learning to penalize correlation filter coefficients depending on their spatial location. Our SRDCF formulation allows the correlation filters to be learned on a significantly larger set of negative training samples, without corrupting the positive samples. We further propose an optimization strategy, based on the iterative Gauss-Seidel method, for efficient online learning of our SRDCF. Experiments are performed on four benchmark datasets: OTB-2013, ALOV++, OTB-2015, and VOT2014. Our approach achieves state-of-the-art results on all four datasets. On OTB-2013 and OTB-2015, we obtain an absolute gain of 8.0% and 8.2% respectively, in mean overlap precision, compared to the best existing trackers.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "6ecca3e76a4c04db9a77f695d24ae141",
"text": "Cette thèse aborde de façon générale les algorithmes d'apprentissage, avec un intérêt tout particulier pour les grandes bases de données. Après avoir for-mulé leprobì eme de l'apprentissage demanì ere mathématique, nous présentons plusieurs algorithmes d'apprentissage importants, en particulier les Multi Layer Perceptrons, les Mixture d'Experts ainsi que les Support Vector Machines. Nous considérons ensuite une méthode d'entraˆınement pour les Support Vector Machines , adaptée aux ensembles de données de tailles raisonnables. Cepen-dant, l'entraˆınement d'un tel modèle reste irréalisable sur de très grande bases de données. Inspirés par la stratégie \" diviser pour régner \" , nous proposons alors un modèle de la famille des Mixture d'Experts, permettant de séparer le probì eme d' apprentissage en sous-probì emes plus simples , tout en gardant de bonnes performances en généralisation. Malgré de très bonnes performances en pratique , cet algorithme n ' en reste pas moins difficilè a utiliser , ` a cause de son nombre important d ' hyper-paramètres. Pour cette raison , nous préférons nous intéresser ensuitè a l ' amélioration de l ' entraˆınement des Multi Layer Percep-trons , bien plus facilesà utiliser , et plus adaptés aux grandes bases de données que les Support Vector Machines. Enfin , nous montrons que l ' idée de la marge qui fait la force des Support Vector Machines peutêtre appliquéè a une cer-taine classe de Multi Layer Perceptrons , ce qui nous m ` enè a un algorithme très rapide et ayant de très bonnes performances en généralisation. Summary This thesis aims to address machine learning in general , with a particular focus on large models and large databases. After introducing the learning problem in a formal way , we first review several important machine learning algorithms , particularly Multi Layer Perceptrons , Mixture of Experts and Support Vector Machines. We then present a training method for Support Vector Machines , adapted to reasonably large datasets. However the training of such a model is still intractable on very large databases. We thus propose a divide and conquer approach based on a kind of Mixture of Experts in order to break up the training problem into small pieces , while keeping good generalization performance. This mixture model can be applied to any kind of existing machine learning algorithm. Even though it performs well in practice the major drawback of this algorithm is the number of hyper-parameters to tune , which makes it …",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "90ef67a5bff849d7abf8a473ef4cbf62",
"text": "In this paper, we propose a semi-supervised learning method where we train two neural networks in a multi-task fashion: a target network and a confidence network. The target network is optimized to perform a given task and is trained using a large set of unlabeled data that are weakly annotated. We propose to weight the gradient updates to the target network using the scores provided by the second confidence network, which is trained on a small amount of supervised data. Thus we avoid that the weight updates computed from noisy labels harm the quality of the target network model. We evaluate our learning strategy on two different tasks: document ranking and sentiment classification. The results demonstrate that our approach not only enhances the performance compared to the baselines but also speeds up the learning process from weak labels.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "642b43cea0f417cf24fccf33c658279f",
"text": "Harlequin ichthyosis (HI) is an extremely rare genetic skin disorder and the most severe form of a group of disorders, which includes lamellar ichthyosis and congenital ichthyosiform erythroderma. It consists in an autosomal recessive disorder with the majority of affected individuals being homozygous for mutation in the ABCA12 gene. This condition presents a wide range of severity and symptoms. Affected neonates often do not survive beyond the first few days of life and it was usually considered as being fatal in the past, but, with the improvement of neonatal intensive care, the survival of these patients also improved. Our report is about a harlequin baby with new variants, which have not been previously described. He presents two variants in heterozygosity in the ABCA12 gene: c.3067del (p.Tyr1023Ilefs * 22) and c.318-2A>G p(.?), inherited from the father and mother. Several aspects concerning genetics, physiopathology, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis are discussed. An intensive neonatal care and early introduction of oral retinoids improve survival rates in this kind of disorder.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "01f25dcc13efd4c3a168b8acd9f0f2f7",
"text": "This paper describes an approach for the problem of face pose discrimination using Support Vector Machines (SVM). Face pose discrimination means that one can label the face image as one of several known poses. Face images are drawn from the standard FERET data base. The training set consists of 150 images equally distributed among frontal, approximately 33.75 rotated left and right poses, respectively, and the test set consists of 450 images again equally distributed among the three different types of poses. SVM achieved perfect accuracy 100% discriminating between the three possible face poses on unseen test data, using either polynomials of degree 3 or Radial Basis Functions (RBFs) as kernel approximation functions.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "fdfb71f5905b2af2c01c6b4d1fe23d7e",
"text": "Many believe the electric power system is undergoing a profound change driven by a number of needs. There's the need for environmental compliance and energy conservation. We need better grid reliability while dealing with an aging infrastructure. And we need improved operational effi ciencies and customer service. The changes that are happening are particularly signifi cant for the electricity distribution grid, where \"blind\" and manual operations, along with the electromechanical components, will need to be transformed into a \"smart grid.\" This transformation will be necessary to meet environmental targets, to accommodate a greater emphasis on demand response (DR), and to support plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) as well as distributed generation and storage capabilities. It is safe to say that these needs and changes present the power industry with the biggest challenge it has ever faced. On one hand, the transition to a smart grid has to be evolutionary to keep the lights on; on the other hand, the issues surrounding the smart grid are signifi cant enough to demand major changes in power systems operating philosophy.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "b250ac830e1662252069cc85128358a7",
"text": "Several recent works have shown that image descriptors produced by deep convolutional neural networks provide state-of-the-art performance for image classification and retrieval problems. It also has been shown that the activations from the convolutional layers can be interpreted as local features describing particular image regions. These local features can be aggregated using aggregating methods developed for local features (e.g. Fisher vectors), thus providing new powerful global descriptor. In this paper we investigate possible ways to aggregate local deep features to produce compact descriptors for image retrieval. First, we show that deep features and traditional hand-engineered features have quite different distributions of pairwise similarities, hence existing aggregation methods have to be carefully re-evaluated. Such re-evaluation reveals that in contrast to shallow features, the simple aggregation method based on sum pooling provides the best performance for deep convolutional features. This method is efficient, has few parameters, and bears little risk of overfitting when e.g. learning the PCA matrix. In addition, we suggest a simple yet efficient query expansion scheme suitable for the proposed aggregation method. Overall, the new compact global descriptor improves the state-of-the-art on four common benchmarks considerably.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "1707a7d04c479c211a2b01b946625628",
"text": "Property-based Features Given a sentencerepresentation pair, for each property listed in Table 2, we compute if it holds for the representation. For each property that holds and for each n-gram in the sentence we trigger a feature. Consider the first example in Table 1. The features triggered for this example include touches-wall#two-boxes-have and touches-wall#touching-the-side computed from the property touches-wall and the tri-grams two boxes have and touching the side. We observe that the MaxEnt model learns a higher weight for features which combine similar properties of the world and the sentence, such as touches-wall#touching-the-side.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "eaf7b6b0cc18453538087cc90254dbd8",
"text": "We present a real-time system that renders antialiased hard shadows using irregular z-buffers (IZBs). For subpixel accuracy, we use 32 samples per pixel at roughly twice the cost of a single sample. Our system remains interactive on a variety of game assets and CAD models while running at 1080p and 2160p and imposes no constraints on light, camera or geometry, allowing fully dynamic scenes without precomputation. Unlike shadow maps we introduce no spatial or temporal aliasing, smoothly animating even subpixel shadows from grass or wires.\n Prior irregular z-buffer work relies heavily on GPU compute. Instead we leverage the graphics pipeline, including hardware conservative raster and early-z culling. We observe a duality between irregular z-buffer performance and shadow map quality; this allows common shadow map algorithms to reduce our cost. Compared to state-of-the-art ray tracers, we spawn similar numbers of triangle intersections per pixel yet completely rebuild our data structure in under 2 ms per frame.",
"title": ""
}
] | scidocsrr |
3780aef416b28a16d5280e0ecdb02ce0 | How to Fit when No One Size Fits | [
{
"docid": "0485beab9d781e99046042a15ea913c5",
"text": "Systems for processing continuous monitoring queries over data streams must be adaptive because data streams are often bursty and data characteristics may vary over time. We focus on one particular type of adaptivity: the ability to gracefully degrade performance via \"load shedding\" (dropping unprocessed tuples to reduce system load) when the demands placed on the system cannot be met in full given available resources. Focusing on aggregation queries, we present algorithms that determine at what points in a query plan should load shedding be performed and what amount of load should be shed at each point in order to minimize the degree of inaccuracy introduced into query answers. We report the results of experiments that validate our analytical conclusions.",
"title": ""
}
] | [
{
"docid": "01997730a1547ac32d1a76e49d2e69e1",
"text": "Scrotal calcinosis is a rarely seen benign disease in urological practice. It was first described by Lewinsky in 1883. The etiology is considered to be idiopathic and it is not known exactly. Scrotal calcinosis is usually asymptomatic. Patients live with their disease for a long time until they start to mind their appearances. Scrotal skin lesions can be solitary or multiple and usually are not associated with hormonal or metabolic abnormalities. Histologically, scrotal calcinosis is characterized by the presence of calcium deposits in the dermis, often surrounded by a granulomatous reaction. In this case report, we present a rare scrotal calcinosis case of a 28-year-old man who presented with cosmetic symptoms causing scrotal nodules with no history of metabolic, systemic, neoplastic, or autoimmune diseases.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "8a3dba8aa5aa8cf69da21079f7e36de6",
"text": "This letter presents a novel technique for synthesis of coupled-resonator filters with inter-resonator couplings varying linearly with frequency. The values of non-zero elements of the coupling matrix are found by solving a nonlinear least squares problem involving eigenvalues of matrix pencils derived from the coupling matrix and reference zeros and poles of scattering parameters. The proposed method was verified by numerical tests carried out for various coupling schemes including triplets and quadruplets for which the frequency-dependent coupling was found to produce an extra zero.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "8a812c0ec6f8d29f9cbff4af2fa1c868",
"text": "Due to the demand for depth maps of higher quality than possible with a single depth imaging technique today, there has been an increasing interest in the combination of different depth sensors to produce a “super-camera” that is more than the sum of the individual parts. In this survey paper, we give an overview over methods for the fusion of Time-ofFlight (ToF) and passive stereo data as well as applications of the resulting high quality depth maps. Additionally, we provide a tutorial-based introduction to the principles behind ToF stereo fusion and the evaluation criteria used to benchmark these methods.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "d0486fc1c105cd3e13ca855221462973",
"text": "Automatic segmentation of an organ and its cystic region is a prerequisite of computer-aided diagnosis. In this paper, we focus on pancreatic cyst segmentation in abdominal CT scan. This task is important and very useful in clinical practice yet challenging due to the low contrast in boundary, the variability in location, shape and the different stages of the pancreatic cancer. Inspired by the high relevance between the location of a pancreas and its cystic region, we introduce extra deep supervision into the segmentation network, so that cyst segmentation can be improved with the help of relatively easier pancreas segmentation. Under a reasonable transformation function, our approach can be factorized into two stages, and each stage can be efficiently optimized via gradient back-propagation throughout the deep networks. We collect a new dataset with 131 pathological samples, which, to the best of our knowledge, is the largest set for pancreatic cyst segmentation. Without human assistance, our approach reports a 63.44% average accuracy, measured by the Dice-Sørensen coefficient (DSC), which is higher than the number (60.46%) without deep supervision.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "8bcc223389b7cc2ce2ef4e872a029489",
"text": "Issues concerning agriculture, countryside and farmers have been always hindering China’s development. The only solution to these three problems is agricultural modernization. However, China's agriculture is far from modernized. The introduction of cloud computing and internet of things into agricultural modernization will probably solve the problem. Based on major features of cloud computing and key techniques of internet of things, cloud computing, visualization and SOA technologies can build massive data involved in agricultural production. Internet of things and RFID technologies can help build plant factory and realize automatic control production of agriculture. Cloud computing is closely related to internet of things. A perfect combination of them can promote fast development of agricultural modernization, realize smart agriculture and effectively solve the issues concerning agriculture, countryside and farmers.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "a8de67cc99337dd8cdb92e1d6859f211",
"text": "We present a novel way for designing complex joint inference and learning models using Saul (Kordjamshidi et al., 2015), a recently-introduced declarative learning-based programming language (DeLBP). We enrich Saul with components that are necessary for a broad range of learning based Natural Language Processing tasks at various levels of granularity. We illustrate these advances using three different, well-known NLP problems, and show how these generic learning and inference modules can directly exploit Saul’s graph-based data representation. These properties allow the programmer to easily switch between different model formulations and configurations, and consider various kinds of dependencies and correlations among variables of interest with minimal programming effort. We argue that Saul provides an extremely useful paradigm both for the design of advanced NLP systems and for supporting advanced research in NLP.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "98b4e2d51efde6f4f8c43c29650b8d2f",
"text": "New robotics is an approach to robotics that, in contrast to traditional robotics, employs ideas and principles from biology. While in the traditional approach there are generally accepted methods (e.g., from control theory), designing agents in the new robotics approach is still largely considered an art. In recent years, we have been developing a set of heuristics, or design principles, that on the one hand capture theoretical insights about intelligent (adaptive) behavior, and on the other provide guidance in actually designing and building systems. In this article we provide an overview of all the principles but focus on the principles of ecological balance, which concerns the relation between environment, morphology, materials, and control, and sensory-motor coordination, which concerns self-generated sensory stimulation as the agent interacts with the environment and which is a key to the development of high-level intelligence. As we argue, artificial evolution together with morphogenesis is not only nice to have but is in fact a necessary tool for designing embodied agents.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "3dc4384744f2f85983bc58b0a8a241c6",
"text": "OBJECTIVE\nTo define a map of interradicular spaces where miniscrew can be likely placed at a level covered by attached gingiva, and to assess if a correlation between crowding and availability of space exists.\n\n\nMETHODS\nPanoramic radiographs and digital models of 40 patients were selected according to the inclusion criteria. Interradicular spaces were measured on panoramic radiographs, while tooth size-arch length discrepancy was assessed on digital models. Statistical analysis was performed to evaluate if interradicular spaces are influenced by the presence of crowding.\n\n\nRESULTS\nIn the mandible, the most convenient sites for miniscrew insertion were in the spaces comprised between second molars and first premolars; in the maxilla, between first molars and second premolars as well as between canines and lateral incisors and between the two central incisors. The interradicular spaces between the maxillary canines and lateral incisors, and between mandibular first and second premolars revealed to be influenced by the presence of dental crowding.\n\n\nCONCLUSIONS\nThe average interradicular sites map hereby proposed can be used as a general guide for miniscrew insertion at the very beginning of orthodontic treatment planning. Then, the clinician should consider the amount of crowding: if this is large, the actual interradicular space in some areas might be significantly different from what reported on average. Individualized radiographs for every patient are still recommended.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "cb4e5999dc1b8b0df8c1406c1227c3b0",
"text": "Since adoption of the 2011 National Electrical Code®, many photovoltaic (PV) direct current (DC) arc-fault circuit interrupters (AFCIs) and arc-fault detectors (AFDs) have been introduced into the PV market. To meet the Code requirements, these products must be listed to Underwriters Laboratories (UL) 1699B Outline of Investigation. The UL 1699B test sequence was designed to ensure basic arc-fault detection capabilities with resistance to unwanted tripping; however, field experiences with AFCI/AFD devices have shown mixed results. In this investigation, independent laboratory tests were performed with UL-listed, UL-recognized, and prototype AFCI/AFDs to reveal any limitations with state-of-the-art arc-fault detection products. By running AFCIs and stand-alone AFDs through realistic tests beyond the UL 1699B requirements, many products were found to be sensitive to unwanted tripping or were ineffective at detecting harmful arc-fault events. Based on these findings, additional experiments are encouraged for inclusion in the AFCI/AFD design process and the certification standard to improve products entering the market.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "f393b6e00ef1e97f683a5dace33e40ff",
"text": "s on human factors in computing systems (pp. 815–828). ACM New York, NY, USA. Hudlicka, E. (1997). Summary of knowledge elicitation techniques for requirements analysis (Course material for human computer interaction). Worcester Polytechnic Institute. Kaptelinin, V., & Nardi, B. (2012). Affordances in HCI: Toward a mediated action perspective. In Proceedings of CHI '12 (pp. 967–976).",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "b6b9e1eaf17f6cdbc9c060e467021811",
"text": "Tumour-associated viruses produce antigens that, on the face of it, are ideal targets for immunotherapy. Unfortunately, these viruses are experts at avoiding or subverting the host immune response. Cervical-cancer-associated human papillomavirus (HPV) has a battery of immune-evasion mechanisms at its disposal that could confound attempts at HPV-directed immunotherapy. Other virally associated human cancers might prove similarly refractive to immuno-intervention unless we learn how to circumvent their strategies for immune evasion.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "0a2795008a60a8b3f9c3a4a6834de30f",
"text": "Infection, as a common postoperative complication of orthopedic surgery, is the main reason leading to implant failure. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are considered as a promising antibacterial agent and always used to modify orthopedic implants to prevent infection. To optimize the implants in a reasonable manner, it is critical for us to know the specific antibacterial mechanism, which is still unclear. In this review, we analyzed the potential antibacterial mechanisms of AgNPs, and the influences of AgNPs on osteogenic-related cells, including cellular adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation, were also discussed. In addition, methods to enhance biocompatibility of AgNPs as well as advanced implants modifications technologies were also summarized.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "ce53aa803d587301a47166c483ecec34",
"text": "Boosting takes on various forms with different programs using different loss functions, different base models, and different optimization schemes. The gbm package takes the approach described in [3] and [4]. Some of the terminology differs, mostly due to an effort to cast boosting terms into more standard statistical terminology (e.g. deviance). In addition, the gbm package implements boosting for models commonly used in statistics but not commonly associated with boosting. The Cox proportional hazard model, for example, is an incredibly useful model and the boosting framework applies quite readily with only slight modification [7]. Also some algorithms implemented in the gbm package differ from the standard implementation. The AdaBoost algorithm [2] has a particular loss function and a particular optimization algorithm associated with it. The gbm implementation of AdaBoost adopts AdaBoost’s exponential loss function (its bound on misclassification rate) but uses Friedman’s gradient descent algorithm rather than the original one proposed. So the main purposes of this document is to spell out in detail what the gbm package implements.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "3b72a89cdd3194f29ebf5db2085cb855",
"text": "Spiking neural network (SNN) models describe key aspects of neural function in a computationally efficient manner and have been used to construct large-scale brain models. Large-scale SNNs are challenging to implement, as they demand high-bandwidth communication, a large amount of memory, and are computationally intensive. Additionally, tuning parameters of these models becomes more difficult and time-consuming with the addition of biologically accurate descriptions. To meet these challenges, we have developed CARLsim 3, a user-friendly, GPU-accelerated SNN library written in C/C++ that is capable of simulating biologically detailed neural models. The present release of CARLsim provides a number of improvements over our prior SNN library to allow the user to easily analyze simulation data, explore synaptic plasticity rules, and automate parameter tuning. In the present paper, we provide examples and performance benchmarks highlighting the library's features.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "a63cc19137ead27acf5530c0bdb924f5",
"text": "We in this paper solve the problem of high-quality automatic real-time background cut for 720p portrait videos. We first handle the background ambiguity issue in semantic segmentation by proposing a global background attenuation model. A spatial-temporal refinement network is developed to further refine the segmentation errors in each frame and ensure temporal coherence in the segmentation map. We form an end-to-end network for training and testing. Each module is designed considering efficiency and accuracy. We build a portrait dataset, which includes 8,000 images with high-quality labeled map for training and testing. To further improve the performance, we build a portrait video dataset with 50 sequences to fine-tune video segmentation. Our framework benefits many video processing applications.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "5894fd2d3749df78afb49b27ad26f459",
"text": "Information security policy compliance (ISP) is one of the key concerns that face organizations today. Although technical and procedural measures help improve information security, there is an increased need to accommodate human, social and organizational factors. Despite the plethora of studies that attempt to identify the factors that motivate compliance behavior or discourage abuse and misuse behaviors, there is a lack of studies that investigate the role of ethical ideology per se in explaining compliance behavior. The purpose of this research is to investigate the role of ethics in explaining Information Security Policy (ISP) compliance. In that regard, a model that integrates behavioral and ethical theoretical perspectives is developed and tested. Overall, analyses indicate strong support for the validation of the proposed theoretical model.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "b79bf80221c893f40abd7fd6b8a7145a",
"text": "Attention is typically used to select informative sub-phrases that are used for prediction. This paper investigates the novel use of attention as a form of feature augmentation, i.e, casted attention. We propose Multi-Cast Attention Networks (MCAN), a new attention mechanism and general model architecture for a potpourri of ranking tasks in the conversational modeling and question answering domains. Our approach performs a series of soft attention operations, each time casting a scalar feature upon the inner word embeddings. The key idea is to provide a real-valued hint (feature) to a subsequent encoder layer and is targeted at improving the representation learning process. There are several advantages to this design, e.g., it allows an arbitrary number of attention mechanisms to be casted, allowing for multiple attention types (e.g., co-attention, intra-attention) and attention variants (e.g., alignment-pooling, max-pooling, mean-pooling) to be executed simultaneously. This not only eliminates the costly need to tune the nature of the co-attention layer, but also provides greater extents of explainability to practitioners. Via extensive experiments on four well-known benchmark datasets, we show that MCAN achieves state-of-the-art performance. On the Ubuntu Dialogue Corpus, MCAN outperforms existing state-of-the-art models by 9%. MCAN also achieves the best performing score to date on the well-studied TrecQA dataset.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "7f067f869481f06e865880e1d529adc8",
"text": "Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) is defined as an attack in which mutiple compromised systems are made to attack a single target to make the services unavailable foe legitimate users.It is an attack designed to render a computer or network incapable of providing normal services. DDoS attack uses many compromised intermediate systems, known as botnets which are remotely controlled by an attacker to launch these attacks. DDOS attack basically results in the situation where an entity cannot perform an action for which it is authenticated. This usually means that a legitimate node on the network is unable to reach another node or their performance is degraded. The high interruption and severance caused by DDoS is really posing an immense threat to entire internet world today. Any compromiseto computing, communication and server resources such as sockets, CPU, memory, disk/database bandwidth, I/O bandwidth, router processing etc. for collaborative environment would surely endanger the entire application. It becomes necessary for researchers and developers to understand behaviour of DDoSattack because it affects the target network with little or no advance warning. Hence developing advanced intrusion detection and prevention systems for preventing, detecting, and responding to DDOS attack is a critical need for cyber space. Our rigorous survey study presented in this paper describes a platform for the study of evolution of DDoS attacks and their defense mechanisms.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "8f1a5cba150b389eaa8f6e3c1382ac3d",
"text": "Recent studies have explored a promising method to measure driver workload—the Peripheral Detection Task (PDT). The PDT has been suggested as a standard method to assess safety-relevant workload from the use of in-vehicle information systems (IVIS) while driving. This paper reports the German part of a Swedish-German cooperative study in which the PDT was investigated focusing on its specific sensitivity compared with alternative workload measures. Forty-nine professional drivers performed the PDT while following route guidance system instructions on an inner-city route. The route consisted of both highly demanding and less demanding sections. Two route guidance systems that differed mainly in display size and display organization were compared. Subjective workload ratings (NASA-TLX) as well as physiological measures (heart rate and heart rate variability) were collected as reference data. The PDT showed sensitivity to route demands. Despite their differing displays, both route guidance systems affected PDT performance similarly in intervals of several minutes. However, the PDT proved sensitive to peaks in workload from IVIS use and from the driving task. Peaks in workload were studied by video analyses of four selected subsections on the route. Subjective workload ratings reflected overall route demands and also did not indicate differing effects of the two displays. The physiological measures were less sensitive to workload and indicated emotional strain as well. An assessment of the PDT as a method for the measurement of safety-related workload is given. 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. 1369-8478/$ see front matter 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. doi:10.1016/j.trf.2005.04.009 * Corresponding author. Address: University of Freiburg, Center for Cognitive Science, Institute of Computer Science and Social Research, Friedrichstrasse 50, D-79098 Freiburg, Germany. Tel.: +49 761 203 4966; fax: +49 761 203 4938. E-mail address: georg.jahn@cognition.uni-freiburg.de (G. Jahn). 256 G. Jahn et al. / Transportation Research Part F 8 (2005) 255–275",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "2751b54b456e5c105d9374b6c64c1985",
"text": "Accurate prediction of the postmortem interval requires an understanding of the decomposition process and the factors acting upon it. A controlled experiment, over 60 days at an outdoor site in the northwest of England, used 20 freshly killed pigs (Sus scrofa) as human analogues to study decomposition rate and pattern. Ten pigs were hung off the ground and ten placed on the surface. Observed differences in the decomposition pattern required a new decomposition scoring scale to be produced for the hanging pigs to enable comparisons with the surface pigs. The difference in the rate of decomposition between hanging and surface pigs was statistically significant (p=0.001). Hanging pigs reached advanced decomposition stages sooner, but lagged behind during the early stages. This delay is believed to result from lower variety and quantity of insects, due to restricted beetle access to the aerial carcass, and/or writhing maggots falling from the carcass.",
"title": ""
}
] | scidocsrr |
c2050d0282ef62b949e49bcd0c985e48 | Engineering Methodologies : A Review of the Waterfall Model and Object-Oriented Approach | [
{
"docid": "1d1ba5f131c9603fe3d919ad493a6dc1",
"text": "By its very nature, software development consists of many knowledge-intensive processes. One of the most difficult to model, however, is requirements elicitation. This paper presents a mathematical model of the requirements elicitation process that clearly shows the critical role of knowledge in its performance. One metaprocess of requirements elicitation, selection of an appropriate elicitation technique, is also captured in the model. The values of this model are: (1) improved understanding of what needs to be performed during elicitation helps analysts improve their elicitation efforts, (2) improved understanding of how elicitation techniques are selected helps less experienced analysts be as successful as more experienced analysts, and (3) as we improve our ability to perform elicitation, we improve the likelihood that the systems we create will meet their intended customers’ needs. Many papers have been written that promulgate specific elicitation methods. A few have been written that model elicitation in general. However, none have yet to model elicitation in a way that makes clear the critical role played by knowledge. This paper’s model captures the critical roles played by knowledge in both elicitation and elicitation technique selection.",
"title": ""
}
] | [
{
"docid": "62c208682a7e87dcefbe0083d0f14b07",
"text": "BACKGROUND\nThere is conflicting evidence about the relationship between the dose of enteral caloric intake and survival in critically ill patients. The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to compare the effect of lower versus higher dose of enteral caloric intake in adult critically ill patients on outcome.\n\n\nMETHODS\nWe reviewed MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and Scopus from inception through November 2015. We included randomized and quasi-randomized studies in which there was a significant difference in the caloric intake in adult critically ill patients, including trials in which caloric restriction was the primary intervention (caloric restriction trials) and those with other interventions (non-caloric restriction trials). Two reviewers independently extracted data on study characteristics, caloric intake, and outcomes with hospital mortality being the primary outcome.\n\n\nRESULTS\nTwenty-one trials mostly with moderate bias risk were included (2365 patients in the lower caloric intake group and 2352 patients in the higher caloric group). Lower compared with higher caloric intake was not associated with difference in hospital mortality (risk ratio (RR) 0.953; 95 % confidence interval (CI) 0.838-1.083), ICU mortality (RR 0.885; 95 % CI 0.751-1.042), total nosocomial infections (RR 0.982; 95 % CI 0.878-1.077), mechanical ventilation duration, or length of ICU or hospital stay. Blood stream infections (11 trials; RR 0.718; 95 % CI 0.519-0.994) and incident renal replacement therapy (five trials; RR 0.711; 95 % CI 0.545-0.928) were lower with lower caloric intake. The associations between lower compared with higher caloric intake and primary and secondary outcomes, including pneumonia, were not different between caloric restriction and non-caloric restriction trials, except for the hospital stay which was longer with lower caloric intake in the caloric restriction trials.\n\n\nCONCLUSIONS\nWe found no association between the dose of caloric intake in adult critically ill patients and hospital mortality. Lower caloric intake was associated with lower risk of blood stream infections and incident renal replacement therapy (five trials only). The heterogeneity in the design, feeding route and timing and caloric dose among the included trials could limit our interpretation. Further studies are needed to clarify our findings.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "bbc2645372369d0ad68551b20e57e24b",
"text": "The objective of this paper is to present an approach to electromagnetic field simulation based on the systematic use of the global (i.e. integral) quantities. In this approach, the equations of electromagnetism are obtained directly in a finite form starting from experimental laws without resorting to the differential formulation. This finite formulation is the natural extension of the network theory to electromagnetic field and it is suitable for computational electromagnetics.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "b53ee86e671ea8db6f9f84c8c02c2b5b",
"text": "The accurate estimation of students’ grades in future courses is important as it can inform the selection of next term’s courses and create personalized degree pathways to facilitate successful and timely graduation. This paper presents future course grade predictions methods based on sparse linear and low-rank matrix factorization models that are specific to each course or student–course tuple. These methods identify the predictive subsets of prior courses on a course-by-course basis and better address problems associated with the not-missing-at-random nature of the student–course historical grade data. The methods were evaluated on a dataset obtained from the University of Minnesota, for two different departments with different characteristics. This evaluation showed that focusing on course-specific data improves the accuracy of grade prediction.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "59bd3e5db7291e43a8439e63d957aa31",
"text": "Semi-supervised classifier design that simultaneously utilizes both labeled and unlabeled samples is a major research issue in machine learning. Existing semisupervised learning methods belong to either generative or discriminative approaches. This paper focuses on probabilistic semi-supervised classifier design and presents a hybrid approach to take advantage of the generative and discriminative approaches. Our formulation considers a generative model trained on labeled samples and a newly introduced bias correction model. Both models belong to the same model family. The proposed hybrid model is constructed by combining both generative and bias correction models based on the maximum entropy principle. The parameters of the bias correction model are estimated by using training data, and combination weights are estimated so that labeled samples are correctly classified. We use naive Bayes models as the generative models to apply the hybrid approach to text classification problems. In our experimental results on three text data sets, we confirmed that the proposed method significantly outperformed pure generative and discriminative methods when the classification performances of the both methods were comparable.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "a8d6a864092b3deb58be27f0f76b02c2",
"text": "High-quality word representations have been very successful in recent years at improving performance across a variety of NLP tasks. These word representations are the mappings of each word in the vocabulary to a real vector in the Euclidean space. Besides high performance on specific tasks, learned word representations have been shown to perform well on establishing linear relationships among words. The recently introduced skipgram model improved performance on unsupervised learning of word embeddings that contains rich syntactic and semantic word relations both in terms of accuracy and speed. Word embeddings that have been used frequently on English language, is not applied to Turkish yet. In this paper, we apply the skip-gram model to a large Turkish text corpus and measured the performance of them quantitatively with the \"question\" sets that we generated. The learned word embeddings and the question sets are publicly available at our website. Keywords—Word embeddings, Natural Language Processing, Deep Learning",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "731d9faffc834156d5218a09fbb82e27",
"text": "With this paper we take a first step to understand the appropriation of social media by the police. For this purpose we analyzed the Twitter communication by the London Metropolitan Police (MET) and the Greater Manchester Police (GMP) during the riots in August 2011. The systematic comparison of tweets demonstrates that the two forces developed very different practices for using Twitter. While MET followed an instrumental approach in their communication, in which the police aimed to remain in a controlled position and keep a distance to the general public, GMP developed an expressive approach, in which the police actively decreased the distance to the citizens. In workshops and interviews, we asked the police officers about their perspectives, which confirmed the identified practices. Our study discusses benefits and risks of the two approaches and the potential impact of social media on the evolution of the role of police in society.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "5e2e5ba17b6f44f2032c6c542918e23c",
"text": "BACKGROUND\nSubfertility and poor nutrition are increasing problems in Western countries. Moreover, nutrition affects fertility in both women and men. In this study, we investigate the association between adherence to general dietary recommendations in couples undergoing IVF/ICSI treatment and the chance of ongoing pregnancy.\n\n\nMETHODS\nBetween October 2007 and October 2010, couples planning pregnancy visiting the outpatient clinic of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of the Erasmus Medical Centre in Rotterdam, the Netherlands were offered preconception counselling. Self-administered questionnaires on general characteristics and diet were completed and checked during the visit. Six questions, based on dietary recommendations of the Netherlands Nutrition Centre, covered the intake of six main food groups (fruits, vegetables, meat, fish, whole wheat products and fats). Using the questionnaire results, we calculated the Preconception Dietary Risk score (PDR), providing an estimate of nutritional habits. Dietary quality increases with an increasing PDR score. We define ongoing pregnancy as an intrauterine pregnancy with positive heart action confirmed by ultrasound. For this analysis we selected all couples (n=199) who underwent a first IVF/ICSI treatment within 6 months after preconception counselling. We applied adjusted logistic regression analysis on the outcomes of interest using SPSS.\n\n\nRESULTS\nAfter adjustment for age of the woman, smoking of the woman, PDR of the partner, BMI of the couple and treatment indication we show an association between the PDR of the woman and the chance of ongoing pregnancy after IVF/ICSI treatment (odds ratio 1.65, confidence interval: 1.08-2.52; P=0.02]. Thus, a one-point increase in the PDR score associates with a 65% increased chance of ongoing pregnancy.\n\n\nCONCLUSIONS\nOur results show that increasing adherence to Dutch dietary recommendations in women undergoing IVF/ICSI treatment increases the chance of ongoing pregnancy. These data warrant further confirmation in couples achieving a spontaneous pregnancy and in randomized controlled trials.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "bd110cfe3a3dbb31057fec06e6a5e8d9",
"text": "In this study, it proposes a new optimization algorithm called APRIORI-IMPROVE based on the insufficient of Apriori. APRIORI-IMPROVE algorithm presents optimizations on 2-items generation, transactions compression and so on. APRIORI-IMPROVE uses hash structure to generate L2, uses an efficient horizontal data representation and optimized strategy of storage to save time and space. The performance study shows that APRIORI-IMPROVE is much faster than Apriori.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "6ee2ee4a1cff7b1ddb8e5e1e2faf3aa5",
"text": "An array of four uniform half-width microstrip leaky-wave antennas (MLWAs) was designed and tested to obtain maximum radiation in the boresight direction. To achieve this, uniform MLWAs are placed at 90 ° and fed by a single probe at the center. Four beams from four individual branches combine to form the resultant directive beam. The measured matched bandwidth of the array is 300 MHz (3.8-4.1 GHz). Its beam toward boresight occurs over a relatively wide 6.4% (3.8-4.05 GHz) band. The peak measured boresight gain of the array is 10.1 dBi, and its variation within the 250-MHz boresight radiation band is only 1.7 dB.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "e93f87593396f8b8ab09bc2f378eee33",
"text": "The free text in electronic health records (EHRs) conveys a huge amount of clinical information about health state and patient history. Despite a rapidly growing literature on the use of machine learning techniques for extracting this information, little effort has been invested toward feature selection and the features' corresponding medical interpretation. In this study, we focus on the task of early detection of anastomosis leakage (AL), a severe complication after elective surgery for colorectal cancer (CRC) surgery, using free text extracted from EHRs. We use a bag-of-words model to investigate the potential for feature selection strategies. The purpose is earlier detection of AL and prediction of AL with data generated in the EHR before the actual complication occur. Due to the high dimensionality of the data, we derive feature selection strategies using the robust support vector machine linear maximum margin classifier, by investigating: 1) a simple statistical criterion (leave-one-out-based test); 2) an intensive-computation statistical criterion (Bootstrap resampling); and 3) an advanced statistical criterion (kernel entropy). Results reveal a discriminatory power for early detection of complications after CRC (sensitivity 100%; specificity 72%). These results can be used to develop prediction models, based on EHR data, that can support surgeons and patients in the preoperative decision making phase.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "8f304c738458fa2ccae77b3f222b45ab",
"text": "A vehicular ad hoc network (VANET) serves as an application of the intelligent transportation system that improves traffic safety as well as efficiency. Vehicles in a VANET broadcast traffic and safety-related information used by road safety applications, such as an emergency electronic brake light. The broadcast of these messages in an open-access environment makes security and privacy critical and challenging issues in the VANET. A misuse of this information may lead to a traffic accident and loss of human lives atworse and, therefore, vehicle authentication is a necessary requirement. During authentication, a vehicle’s privacy-related data, such as identity and location information, must be kept private. This paper presents an approach for privacy-preserving authentication in a VANET. Our hybrid approach combines the useful features of both the pseudonym-based approaches and the group signature-based approaches to preclude their respective drawbacks. The proposed approach neither requires a vehicle to manage a certificate revocation list, nor indulges vehicles in any group management. The proposed approach utilizes efficient and lightweight pseudonyms that are not only used for message authentication, but also serve as a trapdoor in order to provide conditional anonymity. We present various attack scenarios that show the resilience of the proposed approach against various security and privacy threats. We also provide analysis of computational and communication overhead to show the efficiency of the proposed technique. In addition, we carry out extensive simulations in order to present a detailed network performance analysis. The results show the feasibility of our proposed approach in terms of end-to-end delay and packet delivery ratio.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "bd1523c64d8ec69d87cbe68a4d73ea17",
"text": "BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE\nThe effective processing of biomedical images usually requires the interoperability of diverse software tools that have different aims but are complementary. The goal of this work is to develop a bridge to connect two of those tools: ImageJ, a program for image analysis in life sciences, and OpenCV, a computer vision and machine learning library.\n\n\nMETHODS\nBased on a thorough analysis of ImageJ and OpenCV, we detected the features of these systems that could be enhanced, and developed a library to combine both tools, taking advantage of the strengths of each system. The library was implemented on top of the SciJava converter framework. We also provide a methodology to use this library.\n\n\nRESULTS\nWe have developed the publicly available library IJ-OpenCV that can be employed to create applications combining features from both ImageJ and OpenCV. From the perspective of ImageJ developers, they can use IJ-OpenCV to easily create plugins that use any functionality provided by the OpenCV library and explore different alternatives. From the perspective of OpenCV developers, this library provides a link to the ImageJ graphical user interface and all its features to handle regions of interest.\n\n\nCONCLUSIONS\nThe IJ-OpenCV library bridges the gap between ImageJ and OpenCV, allowing the connection and the cooperation of these two systems.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "e1edaf3e8754e8403b9be29f58ba3550",
"text": "This paper presents a simulation framework for pathological gait assistance with a hip exoskeleton. Previously we had developed an event-driven controller for gait assistance [1]. We now simulate (or optimize) the gait assistance in ankle pathologies (e.g., weak dorsiflexion or plantarflexion). It is done by 1) utilizing the neuromuscular walking model, 2) parameterizing assistive torques for swing and stance legs, and 3) performing dynamic optimizations that takes into account the human-robot interactive dynamics. We evaluate the energy expenditures and walking parameters for the different gait types. Results show that each gait type should have a different assistance strategy comparing with the assistance of normal gait. Although we need further studies about the pathologies, our simulation model is feasible to design the gait assistance for the ankle muscle weaknesses.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "8400bb9a7c979932683e742a6ee67176",
"text": "BACKGROUND & AIMS\nHepatitis B and D viruses (HBV and HDV) are human pathogens with restricted host ranges and high selectivity for hepatocytes; the HBV L-envelope protein interacts specifically with a receptor on these cells. We aimed to identify this receptor and analyze whether it is the recently described sodium-taurocholate co-transporter polypeptide (NTCP), encoded by the SLC10A1 gene.\n\n\nMETHODS\nTo identify receptor candidates, we compared gene expression patterns between differentiated HepaRG cells, which express the receptor, and naïve cells, which do not. Receptor candidates were evaluated by small hairpin RNA silencing in HepaRG cells; the ability of receptor expression to confer binding and infection were tested in transduced hepatoma cell lines. We used interspecies domain swapping to identify motifs for receptor-mediated host discrimination of HBV and HDV binding and infection.\n\n\nRESULTS\nBioinformatic analyses of comparative expression arrays confirmed that NTCP, which was previously identified through a biochemical approach is a bona fide receptor for HBV and HDV. NTCPs from rat, mouse, and human bound Myrcludex B, a peptide ligand derived from the HBV L-protein. Myrcludex B blocked NTCP transport of bile salts; small hairpin RNA-mediated knockdown of NTCP in HepaRG cells prevented their infection by HBV or HDV. Expression of human but not mouse NTCP in HepG2 and HuH7 cells conferred a limited cell-type-related and virus-dependent susceptibility to infection; these limitations were overcome when cells were cultured with dimethyl sulfoxide. We identified 2 short-sequence motifs in human NTCP that were required for species-specific binding and infection by HBV and HDV.\n\n\nCONCLUSIONS\nHuman NTCP is a specific receptor for HBV and HDV. NTCP-expressing cell lines can be efficiently infected with these viruses, and might be used in basic research and high-throughput screening studies. Mapping of motifs in NTCPs have increased our understanding of the species specificities of HBV and HDV, and could lead to small animal models for studies of viral infection and replication.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "96ea7f2a0fd0a630df87d22d846d1575",
"text": "BACKGROUND\nRecent years have seen an explosion in the availability of data in the chemistry domain. With this information explosion, however, retrieving relevant results from the available information, and organising those results, become even harder problems. Computational processing is essential to filter and organise the available resources so as to better facilitate the work of scientists. Ontologies encode expert domain knowledge in a hierarchically organised machine-processable format. One such ontology for the chemical domain is ChEBI. ChEBI provides a classification of chemicals based on their structural features and a role or activity-based classification. An example of a structure-based class is 'pentacyclic compound' (compounds containing five-ring structures), while an example of a role-based class is 'analgesic', since many different chemicals can act as analgesics without sharing structural features. Structure-based classification in chemistry exploits elegant regularities and symmetries in the underlying chemical domain. As yet, there has been neither a systematic analysis of the types of structural classification in use in chemistry nor a comparison to the capabilities of available technologies.\n\n\nRESULTS\nWe analyze the different categories of structural classes in chemistry, presenting a list of patterns for features found in class definitions. We compare these patterns of class definition to tools which allow for automation of hierarchy construction within cheminformatics and within logic-based ontology technology, going into detail in the latter case with respect to the expressive capabilities of the Web Ontology Language and recent extensions for modelling structured objects. Finally we discuss the relationships and interactions between cheminformatics approaches and logic-based approaches.\n\n\nCONCLUSION\nSystems that perform intelligent reasoning tasks on chemistry data require a diverse set of underlying computational utilities including algorithmic, statistical and logic-based tools. For the task of automatic structure-based classification of chemical entities, essential to managing the vast swathes of chemical data being brought online, systems which are capable of hybrid reasoning combining several different approaches are crucial. We provide a thorough review of the available tools and methodologies, and identify areas of open research.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "df69a701bca12d3163857a9932ef51e2",
"text": "Students often have their own individual laptop computers in university classes, and researchers debate the potential benefits and drawbacks of laptop use. In the presented research, we used a combination of surveys and in-class observations to study how students use their laptops in an unmonitored and unrestricted class setting—a large lecture-based university class with nearly 3000 enrolled students. By analyzing computer use over the duration of long (165 minute) classes, we demonstrate how computer use changes over time. The observations and studentreports provided similar descriptions of laptop activities. Note taking was the most common use for the computers, followed by the use of social media web sites. Overall, the data show that students engaged in off-task computer activities for nearly two-thirds of the time. An analysis of the frequency of the various laptop activities over time showed that engagement in individual activities varied significantly over the duration of the class.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "949e6376eb352482603e6168894744fb",
"text": "Search over encrypted data is a technique of great interest in the cloud computing era, because many believe that sensitive data has to be encrypted before outsourcing to the cloud servers in order to ensure user data privacy. Devising an efficient and secure search scheme over encrypted data involves techniques from multiple domains – information retrieval for index representation, algorithms for search efficiency, and proper design of cryptographic protocols to ensure the security and privacy of the overall system. This chapter provides a basic introduction to the problem definition, system model, and reviews the state-of-the-art mechanisms for implementing privacy-preserving keyword search over encrypted data. We also present one integrated solution, which hopefully offer more insights into this important problem.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "affa48f455d5949564302b4c23324458",
"text": "MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have within the past decade emerged as key regulators of metabolic homoeostasis. Major tissues in intermediary metabolism important during development of the metabolic syndrome, such as β-cells, liver, skeletal and heart muscle as well as adipose tissue, have all been shown to be affected by miRNAs. In the pancreatic β-cell, a number of miRNAs are important in maintaining the balance between differentiation and proliferation (miR-200 and miR-29 families) and insulin exocytosis in the differentiated state is controlled by miR-7, miR-375 and miR-335. MiR-33a and MiR-33b play crucial roles in cholesterol and lipid metabolism, whereas miR-103 and miR-107 regulates hepatic insulin sensitivity. In muscle tissue, a defined number of miRNAs (miR-1, miR-133, miR-206) control myofibre type switch and induce myogenic differentiation programmes. Similarly, in adipose tissue, a defined number of miRNAs control white to brown adipocyte conversion or differentiation (miR-365, miR-133, miR-455). The discovery of circulating miRNAs in exosomes emphasizes their importance as both endocrine signalling molecules and potentially disease markers. Their dysregulation in metabolic diseases, such as obesity, type 2 diabetes and atherosclerosis stresses their potential as therapeutic targets. This review emphasizes current ideas and controversies within miRNA research in metabolism.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "314722d112f5520f601ed6917f519466",
"text": "In this work we propose an online multi person pose tracking approach which works on two consecutive frames It−1 and It . The general formulation of our temporal network allows to rely on any multi person pose estimation approach as spatial network. From the spatial network we extract image features and pose features for both frames. These features serve as input for our temporal model that predicts Temporal Flow Fields (TFF). These TFF are vector fields which indicate the direction in which each body joint is going to move from frame It−1 to frame It . This novel representation allows to formulate a similarity measure of detected joints. These similarities are used as binary potentials in a bipartite graph optimization problem in order to perform tracking of multiple poses. We show that these TFF can be learned by a relative small CNN network whilst achieving state-of-the-art multi person pose tracking results.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "ab74bef6dce156cd335267109e6fc0bc",
"text": "We study the notion of consistency between a 3D shape and a 2D observation and propose a differentiable formulation which allows computing gradients of the 3D shape given an observation from an arbitrary view. We do so by reformulating view consistency using a differentiable ray consistency (DRC) term. We show that this formulation can be incorporated in a learning framework to leverage different types of multi-view observations e.g. foreground masks, depth, color images, semantics etc. as supervision for learning single-view 3D prediction. We present empirical analysis of our technique in a controlled setting. We also show that this approach allows us to improve over existing techniques for single-view reconstruction of objects from the PASCAL VOC dataset.",
"title": ""
}
] | scidocsrr |
a59a2d57e6e47df9688eb0ba79bd6e9f | Nethammer: Inducing Rowhammer Faults through Network Requests | [
{
"docid": "5a18a7f42ab40cd238c92e19d23e0550",
"text": "As memory scales down to smaller technology nodes, new failure mechanisms emerge that threaten its correct operation. If such failure mechanisms are not anticipated and corrected, they can not only degrade system reliability and availability but also, perhaps even more importantly, open up security vulnerabilities: a malicious attacker can exploit the exposed failure mechanism to take over the entire system. As such, new failure mechanisms in memory can become practical and significant threats to system security. In this work, we discuss the RowHammer problem in DRAM, which is a prime (and perhaps the first) example of how a circuit-level failure mechanism in DRAM can cause a practical and widespread system security vulnerability. RowHammer, as it is popularly referred to, is the phenomenon that repeatedly accessing a row in a modern DRAM chip causes bit flips in physically-adjacent rows at consistently predictable bit locations. It is caused by a hardware failure mechanism called DRAM disturbance errors, which is a manifestation of circuit-level cell-to-cell interference in a scaled memory technology. Researchers from Google Project Zero recently demonstrated that this hardware failure mechanism can be effectively exploited by user-level programs to gain kernel privileges on real systems. Several other recent works demonstrated other practical attacks exploiting RowHammer. These include remote takeover of a server vulnerable to RowHammer, takeover of a victim virtual machine by another virtual machine running on the same system, and takeover of a mobile device by a malicious user-level application that requires no permissions. We analyze the root causes of the RowHammer problem and examine various solutions. We also discuss what other vulnerabilities may be lurking in DRAM and other types of memories, e.g., NAND flash memory or Phase Change Memory, that can potentially threaten the foundations of secure systems, as the memory technologies scale to higher densities. We conclude by describing and advocating a principled approach to memory reliability and security research that can enable us to better anticipate and prevent such vulnerabilities.",
"title": ""
}
] | [
{
"docid": "cd224f035982a669dcd8eb0c086a1be0",
"text": "In this paper we integrate a humanoid robot with a powered wheelchair with the aim of lowering the cognitive requirements needed for powered mobility. We propose two roles for this companion: pointing out obstacles and giving directions. We show that children enjoyed driving with the humanoid companion by their side during a field-trial in an uncontrolled environment. Moreover, we present the results of a driving experiment for adults where the companion acted as a driving aid and conclude that participants preferred the humanoid companion to a simulated companion. Our results suggest that people will welcome a humanoid companion for their wheelchairs.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "f48bcd934ae9e410d6b980e8e868e7f5",
"text": "An experiment was conducted in a Cave-like environment to explore the relationship between physiological responses and breaks in presence and utterances by virtual characters towards the participants. Twenty people explored a virtual environment (VE) that depicted a virtual bar scenario. The experiment was divided into a training and an experimental phase. During the experimental phase breaks in presence (BIPs) in the form of whiteouts of the VE scenario were induced for 2 s at four equally spaced times during the approximately 5 min in the bar scenario. Additionally, five virtual characters addressed remarks to the subjects. Physiological measures including electrocardiagram (ECG) and galvanic skin response (GSR) were recorded throughout the whole experiment. The heart rate, the heart rate variability, and the event-related heart rate changes were calculated from the acquired ECG data. The frequency response of the GSR signal was calculated with a wavelet analysis. The study shows that the heart rate and heart rate variability parameters vary significantly between the training and experimental phase. GSR parameters and event-related heart rate changes show the occurrence of breaks in presence. Event-related heart rate changes also signified the virtual character utterances. There were also differences in response between participants who report more or less socially anxious.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "3d5e2e0f0b9cefd240de2fd952eaf961",
"text": "This paper focuses on detecting anomalies in a digital video broadcasting (DVB) system from providers’ perspective. We learn a probabilistic deterministic real timed automaton profiling benign behavior of encryption control in the DVB control access system. This profile is used as a one-class classifier. Anomalous items in a testing sequence are detected when the sequence is not accepted by the learned model.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "7bc8be5766eeb11b15ea0aa1d91f4969",
"text": "A coplanar waveguide (CPW)-fed planar monopole antenna with triple-band operation for WiMAX and WLAN applications is presented. The antenna, which occupies a small size of 25(L) × 25(W) × 0.8(H) mm3, is simply composed of a pentagonal radiating patch with two bent slots. By carefully selecting the positions and lengths of these slots, good dual stopband rejection characteristic of the antenna can be obtained so that three operating bands covering 2.14-2.85, 3.29-4.08, and 5.02-6.09 GHz can be achieved. The measured results also demonstrate that the proposed antenna has good omnidirectional radiation patterns with appreciable gain across the operating bands and is thus suitable to be integrated within the portable devices for WiMAX/WLAN applications.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "d7b638eae20bc28e2042f4666ec1c97f",
"text": "Finding informative genes from microarray data is an important research problem in bioinformatics research and applications. Most of the existing methods rank features according to their discriminative capability and then find a subset of discriminative genes (usually top k genes). In particular, t-statistic criterion and its variants have been adopted extensively. This kind of methods rely on the statistics principle of t-test, which requires that the data follows a normal distribution. However, according to our investigation, the normality condition often cannot be met in real data sets.To avoid the assumption of the normality condition, in this paper, we propose a rank sum test method for informative gene discovery. The method uses a rank-sum statistic as the ranking criterion. Moreover, we propose using the significance level threshold, instead of the number of informative genes, as the parameter. The significance level threshold as a parameter carries the quality specification in statistics. We follow the Pitman efficiency theory to show that the rank sum method is more accurate and more robust than the t-statistic method in theory.To verify the effectiveness of the rank sum method, we use support vector machine (SVM) to construct classifiers based on the identified informative genes on two well known data sets, namely colon data and leukemia data. The prediction accuracy reaches 96.2% on the colon data and 100% on the leukemia data. The results are clearly better than those from the previous feature ranking methods. By experiments, we also verify that using significance level threshold is more effective than directly specifying an arbitrary k.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "caaab1ca0175a6387b1a0c7be7803513",
"text": "Probably the most promising breakthroughs in vehicular safety will emerge from intelligent, Advanced Driving Assistance Systems (i-ADAS). Influential research institutions and large vehicle manufacturers work in lockstep to create advanced, on-board safety systems by means of integrating the functionality of existing systems and developing innovative sensing technologies. In this contribution, we describe a portable and scalable vehicular instrumentation designed for on-road experimentation and hypothesis verification in the context of designing i-ADAS prototypes.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "786a70f221a70038f930352e8022ae29",
"text": "We present IndoNet, a multilingual lexical knowledge base for Indian languages. It is a linked structure of wordnets of 18 different Indian languages, Universal Word dictionary and the Suggested Upper Merged Ontology (SUMO). We discuss various benefits of the network and challenges involved in the development. The system is encoded in Lexical Markup Framework (LMF) and we propose modifications in LMF to accommodate Universal Word Dictionary and SUMO. This standardized version of lexical knowledge base of Indian Languages can now easily be linked to similar global resources.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "71573bc8f5be1025837d5c72393b4fa6",
"text": "This paper describes our initial work in developing a real-time audio-visual Chinese speech synthesizer with a 3D expressive avatar. The avatar model is parameterized according to the MPEG-4 facial animation standard [1]. This standard offers a compact set of facial animation parameters (FAPs) and feature points (FPs) to enable realization of 20 Chinese visemes and 7 facial expressions (i.e. 27 target facial configurations). The Xface [2] open source toolkit enables us to define the influence zone for each FP and the deformation function that relates them. Hence we can easily animate a large number of coordinates in the 3D model by specifying values for a small set of FAPs and their FPs. FAP values for 27 target facial configurations were estimated from available corpora. We extended the dominance blending approach to effect animations for coarticulated visemes superposed with expression changes. We selected six sentiment-carrying text messages and synthesized expressive visual speech (for all expressions, in randomized order) with neutral audio speech. A perceptual experiment involving 11 subjects shows that they can identify the facial expression that matches the text message’s sentiment 85% of the time.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "67d5858b803f47870e36a7821feaa38d",
"text": "Online social networks (OSNs) are becoming extremely popular among Internet users as they spend significant amount of time on popular social networking sites like Facebook, Twitter and Google+. These sites are turning out to be fundamentally pervasive and are developing a communication channel for billions of users. Online community use them to find new friends, update their existing friends list with their latest thoughts and activities. Huge information available on these sites attracts the interest of cyber criminals who misuse these sites to exploit vulnerabilities for their illicit benefits such as advertising some product or to attract victims to click on malicious links or infecting users system just for the purpose of making money. Spam detection is one of the major problems these days in social networking sites such as twitter. Most previous techniques use different set of features to classify spam and non-spam users. In this paper, we proposed a hybrid technique which uses content-based as well as graph-based features for identification of spammers on twitter platform. We have analysed the proposed technique on real Twitter dataset with 11k uses and more than 400k tweets approximately. Our results show that the detection rate of our proposed technique is much higher than any of the existing techniques.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "cfc3d8ee024928151edb5ee2a1d28c13",
"text": "Objective: In this paper, we present a systematic literature review of motivation in Software Engineering. The objective of this review is to plot the landscape of current reported knowledge in terms of what motivates developers, what de-motivates them and how existing models address motivation. Methods: We perform a systematic literature review of peer reviewed published studies that focus on motivation in Software Engineering. Systematic reviews are well established in medical research and are used to systematically analyse the literature addressing specific research questions. Results: We found 92 papers related to motivation in Software Engineering. Fifty-six percent of the studies reported that Software Engineers are distinguishable from other occupational groups. Our findings suggest that Software Engineers are likely to be motivated according to three related factors: their ‘characteristics’ (for example, their need for variety); internal ‘controls’ (for example, their personality) and external ‘moderators’ (for example, their career stage). The literature indicates that de-motivated engineers may leave the organisation or take more sick-leave, while motivated engineers will increase their productivity and remain longer in the organisation. Aspects of the job that motivate Software Engineers include problem solving, working to benefit others and technical challenge. Our key finding is that the published models of motivation in Software Engineering are disparate and do not reflect the complex needs of Software Engineers in their career stages, cultural and environmental settings. Conclusions: The literature on motivation in Software Engineering presents a conflicting and partial picture of the area. It is clear that motivation is context dependent and varies from one engineer to another. The most commonly cited motivator is the job itself, yet we found very little work on what it is about that job that Software Engineers find motivating. Furthermore, surveys are often aimed at how Software Engineers feel about ‘the organisation’, rather than ‘the profession’. Although models of motivation in Software Engineering are reported in the literature, they do not account for the changing roles and environment in which Software Engineers operate. Overall, our findings indicate that there is no clear understanding of the Software Engineers’ job, what motivates Software Engineers, how they are motivated, or the outcome and benefits of motivating Software Engineers. 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "138ee58ce9d2bcfa14b44642cf9af08b",
"text": "This research is a partial test of Park et al.’s (2008) model to assess the impact of flow and brand equity in 3D virtual worlds. It draws on flow theory as its main theoretical foundation to understand and empirically assess the impact of flow on brand equity and behavioral intention in 3D virtual worlds. The findings suggest that the balance of skills and challenges in 3D virtual worlds influences users’ flow experience, which in turn influences brand equity. Brand equity then increases behavioral intention. The authors also found that the impact of flow on behavioral intention in 3D virtual worlds is indirect because the relationship between them is mediated by brand equity. This research highlights the importance of balancing the challenges posed by 3D virtual world branding sites with the users’ skills to maximize their flow experience and brand equity to increase the behavioral intention associated with the brand.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "15881d5448e348c6e1a63e195daa68eb",
"text": "Bottleneck autoencoders have been actively researched as a solution to image compression tasks. However, we observed that bottleneck autoencoders produce subjectively low quality reconstructed images. In this work, we explore the ability of sparse coding to improve reconstructed image quality for the same degree of compression. We observe that sparse image compression produces visually superior reconstructed images and yields higher values of pixel-wise measures of reconstruction quality (PSNR and SSIM) compared to bottleneck autoencoders. In addition, we find that using alternative metrics that correlate better with human perception, such as feature perceptual loss and the classification accuracy, sparse image compression scores up to 18.06% and 2.7% higher, respectively, compared to bottleneck autoencoders. Although computationally much more intensive, we find that sparse coding is otherwise superior to bottleneck autoencoders for the same degree of compression.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "b44df1268804e966734ea404b8c29360",
"text": "A new night-time lane detection system and its accompanying framework are presented in this paper. The accompanying framework consists of an automated ground truth process and systematic storage of captured videos that will be used for training and testing. The proposed Advanced Lane Detector 2.0 (ALD 2.0) is an improvement over the ALD 1.0 or Layered Approach with integration of pixel remapping, outlier removal, and prediction with tracking. Additionally, a novel procedure to generate the ground truth data for lane marker locations is also proposed. The procedure consists of an original process called time slicing, which provides the user with unique visualization of the captured video and enables quick generation of ground truth information. Finally, the setup and implementation of a database hosting lane detection videos and standardized data sets for testing are also described. The ALD 2.0 is evaluated by means of the user-created annotations accompanying the videos. Finally, the planned improvements and remaining work are addressed.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "b89259a915856b309a02e6e7aa6c957f",
"text": "The paper proposes a comprehensive information security maturity model (ISMM) that addresses both technical and socio/non-technical security aspects. The model is intended for securing e-government services (implementation and service delivery) in an emerging and increasing security risk environment. The paper utilizes extensive literature review and survey study approaches. A total of eight existing ISMMs were selected and critically analyzed. Models were then categorized into security awareness, evaluation and management orientations. Based on the model’s strengths – three models were selected to undergo further analyses and then synthesized. Each of the three selected models was either from the security awareness, evaluation or management orientations category. To affirm the findings – a survey study was conducted into six government organizations located in Tanzania. The study was structured to a large extent by the security controls adopted from the Security By Consensus (SBC) model. Finally, an ISMM with five critical maturity levels was proposed. The maturity levels were: undefined, defined, managed, controlled and optimized. The papers main contribution is the proposed model that addresses both technical and non-technical security services within the critical maturity levels. Additionally, the paper enhances awareness and understanding on the needs for security in e-government services to stakeholders.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "2ee1f7a56eba17b75217cca609452f20",
"text": "We describe the annotation of a new dataset for German Named Entity Recognition (NER). The need for this dataset is motivated by licensing issues and consistency issues of existing datasets. We describe our approach to creating annotation guidelines based on linguistic and semantic considerations, and how we iteratively refined and tested them in the early stages of annotation in order to arrive at the largest publicly available dataset for German NER, consisting of over 31,000 manually annotated sentences (over 591,000 tokens) from German Wikipedia and German online news. We provide a number of statistics on the dataset, which indicate its high quality, and discuss legal aspects of distributing the data as a compilation of citations. The data is released under the permissive CC-BY license, and will be fully available for download in September 2014 after it has been used for the GermEval 2014 shared task on NER. We further provide the full annotation guidelines and links to the annotation tool used for the creation of this resource.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "8b62238fc7c436030810be0792b59239",
"text": "We interpret meta-reinforcement learning as the problem of learning how to quickly find a good sampling distribution in a new environment. This interpretation leads to the development of two new meta-reinforcement learning algorithms: E-MAML and E-RL. Results are presented on a new environment we call ‘Krazy World’: a difficult high-dimensional gridworld which is designed to highlight the importance of correctly differentiating through sampling distributions in meta-reinforcement learning. Further results are presented on a set of maze environments. We show E-MAML and E-RL deliver better performance than baseline algorithms on both tasks.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "88cb13565f66a5d20b7b5ee1c01ee730",
"text": "We present four new reinforcement learning algorithms based on actor-critic and natural-gradient ideas, and provide their convergence proofs. Actor-critic reinforcement learning methods are online approximations to policy iteration in which the value-function parameters are estimated using temporal difference learning and the policy parameters are updated by stochastic gradient descent. Methods based on policy gradients in this way are of special interest because of their compatibility with function approximation methods, which are needed to handle large or infinite state spaces. The use of temporal difference learning in this way is of interest because in many applications it dramatically reduces the variance of the gradient estimates. The use of the natural gradient is of interest because it can produce better conditioned parameterizations and has been shown to further reduce variance in some cases. Our results extend prior two-timescale convergence results for actor-critic methods by Konda and Tsitsiklis by using temporal difference learning in the actor and by incorporating natural gradients, and they extend prior empirical studies of natural actor-critic methods by Peters, Vijayakumar and Schaal by providing the first convergence proofs and the first fully incremental algorithms.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "bf9e44e81e37b0aefb12250202d59111",
"text": "There are many clustering tasks which are closely related in the real world, e.g. clustering the web pages of different universities. However, existing clustering approaches neglect the underlying relation and treat these clustering tasks either individually or simply together. In this paper, we will study a novel clustering paradigm, namely multi-task clustering, which performs multiple related clustering tasks together and utilizes the relation of these tasks to enhance the clustering performance. We aim to learn a subspace shared by all the tasks, through which the knowledge of the tasks can be transferred to each other. The objective of our approach consists of two parts: (1) Within-task clustering: clustering the data of each task in its input space individually; and (2) Cross-task clustering: simultaneous learning the shared subspace and clustering the data of all the tasks together. We will show that it can be solved by alternating minimization, and its convergence is theoretically guaranteed. Furthermore, we will show that given the labels of one task, our multi-task clustering method can be extended to transductive transfer classification (a.k.a. cross-domain classification, domain adaption). Experiments on several cross-domain text data sets demonstrate that the proposed multi-task clustering outperforms traditional single-task clustering methods greatly. And the transductive transfer classification method is comparable to or even better than several existing transductive transfer classification approaches.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "c77b2092daceab26611e427facd8e6fb",
"text": "Transactional Memory (TM) is on its way to becoming the programming API of choice for writing correct, concurrent, and scalable programs. Hardware TM (HTM) implementations are expected to be significantly faster than pure software TM (STM); however, full hardware support for true closed and open nested transactions is unlikely to be practical.\n This paper presents a novel mechanism, the split hardware transaction (SpHT), that uses minimal software support to combine multiple segments of an atomic block, each executed using a separate hardware transaction, into one atomic operation. The idea of segmenting transactions can be used for many purposes, including nesting, local retry, orElse, and user-level thread scheduling; in this paper we focus on how it allows linear closed and open nesting of transactions. SpHT overcomes the limited expressive power of best-effort HTM while imposing overheads dramatically lower than STM and preserving useful guarantees such as strong atomicity provided by the underlying HTM.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "4ed47f48df37717148d985ad927b813f",
"text": "Given an incorrect value produced during a failed program run (e.g., a wrong output value or a value that causes the program to crash), the backward dynamic slice of the value very frequently captures the faulty code responsible for producing the incorrect value. Although the dynamic slice often contains only a small percentage of the statements executed during the failed program run, the dynamic slice can still be large and thus considerable effort may be required by the programmer to locate the faulty code.In this paper we develop a strategy for pruning the dynamic slice to identify a subset of statements in the dynamic slice that are likely responsible for producing the incorrect value. We observe that some of the statements used in computing the incorrect value may also have been involved in computing correct values (e.g., a value produced by a statement in the dynamic slice of the incorrect value may also have been used in computing a correct output value prior to the incorrect value). For each such executed statement in the dynamic slice, using the value profiles of the executed statements, we compute a confidence value ranging from 0 to 1 - a higher confidence value corresponds to greater likelihood that the execution of the statement produced a correct value. Given a failed run involving execution of a single error, we demonstrate that the pruning of a dynamic slice by excluding only the statements with the confidence value of 1 is highly effective in reducing the size of the dynamic slice while retaining the faulty code in the slice. Our experiments show that the number of distinct statements in a pruned dynamic slice are 1.79 to 190.57 times less than the full dynamic slice. Confidence values also prioritize the statements in the dynamic slice according to the likelihood of them being faulty. We show that examining the statements in the order of increasing confidence values is an effective strategy for reducing the effort of fault location.",
"title": ""
}
] | scidocsrr |
ed910b1868e9eb961d6864df9a9a738c | Deep Attention Recurrent Q-Network | [
{
"docid": "2f20bca0134eb1bd9d65c4791f94ddcc",
"text": "We present an attention-based model for recognizing multiple objects in images. The proposed model is a deep recurrent neural network trained with reinforcement learning to attend to the most relevant regions of the input image. We show that the model learns to both localize and recognize multiple objects despite being given only class labels during training. We evaluate the model on the challenging task of transcribing house number sequences from Google Street View images and show that it is both more accurate than the state-of-the-art convolutional networks and uses fewer parameters and less computation.",
"title": ""
}
] | [
{
"docid": "67066c7ea843279d67d9230d79d03867",
"text": "Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have been successfully applied in artificial intelligent systems to perform sensory processing, sequence learning, and image processing. In contrast to conventional computing-centric applications, CNNs are known to be both computationally and memory intensive. The computational and memory resources of CNN applications are mixed together in the network weights. This incurs a significant amount of data movement, especially for high-dimensional convolutions. The emerging Processing-in-Memory (PIM) alleviates this memory bottleneck by integrating both processing elements and memory into a 3D-stacked architecture. Although this architecture can offer fast near-data processing to reduce data movement, memory is still a limiting factor of the entire system. We observe that an unsolved key challenge is how to efficiently allocate convolutions to 3D-stacked PIM to combine the advantages of both neural and computational processing. This paper presents MemoNet, a memory-efficient data allocation strategy for convolutional neural networks on 3D PIM architecture. MemoNet offers fine-grained parallelism that can fully exploit the computational power of PIM architecture. The objective is to capture the characteristics of neural network applications and perfectly match the underlining hardware resources provided by PIM, resulting in a hardware-independent design to transparently allocate data. We formulate the target problem as a dynamic programming model and present an optimal solution. To demonstrate the viability of the proposed MemoNet, we conduct a set of experiments using a variety of realistic convolutional neural network applications. The extensive evaluations show that, MemoNet can significantly improve the performance and the cache utilization compared to representative schemes.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "a32411be8c0fabc872808fd37c6ae41b",
"text": "Sentence classification, serving as the foundation of the subsequent text-based processing, continues attracting researchers attentions. Recently, with the great success of deep learning, convolutional neural network (CNN), a kind of common architecture of deep learning, has been widely used to this filed and achieved excellent performance. However, most CNN-based studies focus on using complex architectures to extract more effective category information, requiring more time in training models. With the aim to get better performance with less time cost on classification, this paper proposes two simple and effective methods by fully combining information both extracted from statistics and CNN. The first method is S-SFCNN, which combines statistical features and CNN-based probabilistic features of classification to build feature vectors, and then the vectors are used to train the logistic regression classifiers. And the second method is C-SFCNN, which combines CNN-based features and statistics-based probabilistic features of classification to build feature vectors. In the two methods, the Naive Bayes log-count ratios are selected as the text statistical features and the single-layer and single channel CNN is used as our CNN architecture. The testing results executed on 7 tasks show that our methods can achieve better performance than many other complex CNN models with less time cost. In addition, we summarized the main factors influencing the performance of our methods though experiment.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "582cae6ea4776c7e74923cfe70bab0ad",
"text": "An increasing number of people are using dating websites to search for their life partners. This leads to the curiosity of how attractive a specific person is to the opposite gender on an average level. We propose a novel algorithm to evaluate people's objective attractiveness based on their interactions with other users on the dating websites and implement machine learning algorithms to predict their objective attractiveness ratings from their profiles. We validate our method on a large dataset gained from a Japanese dating website and yield convincing results. Our prediction based on users' profiles, which includes image and text contents, is over 80% correlated with the real values of the calculated objective attractiveness for the female and over 50% correlated with the real values of the calculated objective attractiveness for the male.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "54a6a5a6dfb38861a94f779d001bacb4",
"text": "The information security community has come to realize that the weakest link in a cybersecurity chain is human behavior. To develop effective cybersecurity training programs for employees in the workplace, it is necessary to identify factors that contribute to employees’ cybersecurity behaviors and then build a theoretical model to understand how these factors affect employees’ self-reported security behavior in the workplace. Supported by a grant from the National Science Foundation (NSF), we developed a model for studying employees’ self-reported cybersecurity behaviors, and conducted a survey study to investigate the cybersecurity behavior and beliefs of employees. Five-hundred-seventy-nine employees from various U.S. organizations and companies completed an online survey with 87 items carefully designed by six experts in cybersecurity, information technology, psychology, and decision science. The results from statistical analysis of the cybersecurity behavior survey questionnaire will be presented in this TREO Talk. Some of the key findings include: Prior Experience was correlated with self-reported cyber security behavior. However, it was not identified as a unique predictor in our regression analysis. This suggests that the prior training may indirectly affect cybersecurity behavior through other variables. Peer Behavior was not a unique predictor of self-reported cybersecurity behavior. Perceptions of peer behavior may reflect people’s own self-efficacy with cybersecurity and their perceptions of the benefits from cybersecurity behaviors. The regression model revealed four unique predictors of self-reported cybersecurity behavior: Computer Skill, Perceived Benefits, Perceived Barriers, and Security Self-efficacy. These variables should be assessed to identify employees who are at risk of cyber attacks and could be the target of interventions. There are statistically significant gender-wise differences in terms of computer skills, prior experience, cues-to-action, security self-efficacy and self-reported cybersecurity behaviors. Since women’s self-efficacy is significantly lower than men, women’s self-efficacy may be a target for intervention.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "3208f5f01469ba028cf8f356613bf502",
"text": "A review on applications of metal-based inkjet inks for printed electronics with a particular focus on inks containing metal nanoparticles, complexes and metallo-organic compounds. The review describes the preparation of such inks and obtaining conductive patterns by using various sintering methods: thermal, photonic, microwave, plasma, electrical, and chemically triggered. Various applications of metal-based inkjet inks (metallization of solar cell, RFID antennas, OLEDs, thin film transistors, electroluminescence devices) are reviewed.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "015326feea60387bc2a8cdc9ea6a7f81",
"text": "Phosphorylation of the transcription factor CREB is thought to be important in processes underlying long-term memory. It is unclear whether CREB phosphorylation can carry information about the sign of changes in synaptic strength, whether CREB pathways are equally activated in neurons receiving or providing synaptic input, or how synapse-to-nucleus communication is mediated. We found that Ca(2+)-dependent nuclear CREB phosphorylation was rapidly evoked by synaptic stimuli including, but not limited to, those that induced potentiation and depression of synaptic strength. In striking contrast, high frequency action potential firing alone failed to trigger CREB phosphorylation. Activation of a submembranous Ca2+ sensor, just beneath sites of Ca2+ entry, appears critical for triggering nuclear CREB phosphorylation via calmodulin and a Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "8472f7d28618ce30dcf79f8788eeadc0",
"text": "Speech recognition of inflectional and morphologically rich languages like Czech is currently quite a challenging task, because simple n-gram techniques are unable to capture important regularities in the data. Several possible solutions were proposed, namely class based models, factored models, decision trees and neural networks. This paper describes improvements obtained in recognition of spoken Czech lectures using language models based on neural networks. Relative reductions in word error rate are more than 15% over baseline obtained with adapted 4-gram backoff language model using modified Kneser-Ney smoothing.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "854b2bfdef719879a437f2d87519d8e8",
"text": "The morality of transformational leadership has been sharply questioned, particularly by libertarians, “grass roots” theorists, and organizational development consultants. This paper argues that to be truly transformational, leadership must be grounded in moral foundations. The four components of authentic transformational leadership (idealized influence, inspirational motivation, intellectual stimulation, and individualized consideration) are contrasted with their counterfeits in dissembling pseudo-transformational leadership on the basis of (1) the moral character of the leaders and their concerns for self and others; (2) the ethical values embedded in the leaders’ vision, articulation, and program, which followers can embrace or reject; and (3) the morality of the processes of social ethical choices and action in which the leaders and followers engage and collectively pursue. The literature on transformational leadership is linked to the long-standing literature on virtue and moral character, as exemplified by Socratic and Confucian typologies. It is related as well to the major themes of the modern Western ethical agenda: liberty, utility, and distributive justice Deception, sophistry, and pretense are examined alongside issues of transcendence, agency, trust, striving for congruence in values, cooperative action, power, persuasion, and corporate governance to establish the strategic and moral foundations of authentic transformational leadership.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "5de12a65c39626348c0e163a1a5b25bf",
"text": "Network Security is playing a vital role in all types of networks. Nowadays the network is implemented in all places like offices, schools, banks etc. and almost all the individuals are taking part in social network media. Even though many types of network security systems are in use, the vulnerable activities are taking place now and then. This paper presents a survey about various types of network attacks mainly web attacks, and different Intrusion Detection Systems(IDS) which are in use. This may pave a path to design a new type of IDS which may protect the network system from various types of network attacks.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "77c72fe890aa1479fc6cd5d6737bcde3",
"text": "Since smartphones have stored diverse sensitive privacy information, including credit card and so on, a great deal of malware are desired to tamper them. As one of the most prevalent platforms, Android contains sensitive resources that can only be accessed via corresponding APIs, and the APIs can be invoked only when user has authorized permissions in the Android permission model. However, a novel threat called privilege escalation attack may bypass this watchdog. It's presented as that an application with less permissions can access sensitive resources through public interfaces of a more privileged application, which is especially useful for malware to hide sensitive functions by dispersing them into multiple programs. We explore privilege-escalation malware evolution techniques on samples from Android Malware Genome Project. And they have showed great effectiveness against a set of powerful antivirus tools provided by VirusTotal. The detection ratios present different and distinguished reduction, compared to an average 61% detection ratio before transformation. In order to conquer this threat model, we have developed a tool called DroidAlarm to conduct a full-spectrum analysis for identifying potential capability leaks and present concrete capability leak paths by static analysis on Android applications. And we can still alarm all these cases by exposing capability leak paths in them.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "36a0b3223b83927f4dfe358086f2a660",
"text": "We train a set of state of the art neural networks, the Maxout networks (Goodfellow et al., 2013a), on three benchmark datasets: the MNIST, CIFAR10 and SVHN, with three distinct storing formats: floating point, fixed point and dynamic fixed point. For each of those datasets and for each of those formats, we assess the impact of the precision of the storage on the final error of the training. We find that very low precision storage is sufficient not just for running trained networks but also for training them. For example, Maxout networks state-of-the-art results are nearly maintained with 10 bits for storing activations and gradients, and 12 bits for storing parameters.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "4f509a4fdc6bbffa45c214bc9267ea79",
"text": "Memory units have been widely used to enrich the capabilities of deep networks on capturing long-term dependencies in reasoning and prediction tasks, but little investigation exists on deep generative models (DGMs) which are good at inferring high-level invariant representations from unlabeled data. This paper presents a deep generative model with a possibly large external memory and an attention mechanism to capture the local detail information that is often lost in the bottom-up abstraction process in representation learning. By adopting a smooth attention model, the whole network is trained end-to-end by optimizing a variational bound of data likelihood via auto-encoding variational Bayesian methods, where an asymmetric recognition network is learnt jointly to infer high-level invariant representations. The asymmetric architecture can reduce the competition between bottom-up invariant feature extraction and top-down generation of instance details. Our experiments on several datasets demonstrate that memory can significantly boost the performance of DGMs on various tasks, including density estimation, image generation, and missing value imputation, and DGMs with memory can achieve state-ofthe-art quantitative results.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "1dbff7292f9578337781616d4a1bb96a",
"text": "This paper proposes a novel approach and a new benchmark for video summarization. Thereby we focus on user videos, which are raw videos containing a set of interesting events. Our method starts by segmenting the video by using a novel “superframe” segmentation, tailored to raw videos. Then, we estimate visual interestingness per superframe using a set of low-, midand high-level features. Based on this scoring, we select an optimal subset of superframes to create an informative and interesting summary. The introduced benchmark comes with multiple human created summaries, which were acquired in a controlled psychological experiment. This data paves the way to evaluate summarization methods objectively and to get new insights in video summarization. When evaluating our method, we find that it generates high-quality results, comparable to manual, human-created summaries.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "9c67049b5f934b47346592b73bc57dbe",
"text": "In this paper, the problem of switching stabilization for a class of switched nonlinear systems is studied by using average dwell time (ADT) switching, where the subsystems are possibly all unstable. First, a new concept of ADT is given, which is different from the traditional definition of ADT. Based on the new proposed switching signals, a sufficient condition of stabilization for switched nonlinear systems with unstable subsystems is derived. Then, the T-S fuzzy modeling approach is applied to represent the underlying nonlinear system to make the obtained condition easily verified. A novel multiple quadratic Lyapunov function approach is also proposed, by which some conditions are provided in terms of a set of linear matrix inequalities to guarantee the derived T-S fuzzy system to be asymptotically stable. Finally, a numerical example is given to demonstrate the effectiveness of our developed results.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "7a7e08f672be36af5b52a62c01457a96",
"text": "The convenience of cell-phone cameras has made them one of the most common ways by which people document their lives, whether it is everyday pleasures or celebrations. With thousands of images, it might prove to be a daunting task to organize them by hand. When applying automated algorithms to help us, we would like to have both images that are dear to us but are also of good quality. In this paper we explore the performance of the MobileNet CNN architecture, and the different design (inputs size, and layer depth) choices, in their ability in solving various aesthetic inference task: binary classification, regression, image cropping. We show that the baseline MobileNet architecture achieves near state-of-the-art results for binary classification on the AVA dataset while being more than 10 times smaller and compute efficient. We further show that these models, when trained for fine-grained aesthetics inference, achieve better cropping performance than other aestheticsbased croppers.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "8e19c3513be332705f4e2bf5a8aa4429",
"text": "The introduction of crowdsourcing offers numerous business opportunities. In recent years, manifold forms of crowdsourcing have emerged on the market -- also in logistics. Thereby, the ubiquitous availability and sensor-supported assistance functions of mobile devices support crowdsourcing applications, which promotes contextual interactions between users at the right place at the right time. This paper presents the results of an in-depth-analysis on crowdsourcing in logistics in the course of ongoing research in the field of location-based crowdsourcing (LBCS). This paper analyzes LBCS for both, 'classic' logistics as well as 'information' logistics. Real-world examples of crowdsourcing applications are used to underpin the two evaluated types of logistics using crowdsourcing. Potential advantages and challenges of logistics with the crowd ('crowd-logistics') are discussed. Accordingly, this paper aims to provide the necessary basis for a novel interdisciplinary research field.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "4b8823bffcc77968b7ac087579ab84c9",
"text": "Numerous complains have been made by Android users who severely suffer from the sluggish response when interacting with their devices. However, very few studies have been conducted to understand the user-perceived latency or mitigate the UI-lagging problem. In this paper, we conduct the first systematic measurement study to quantify the user-perceived latency using typical interaction-intensive Android apps in running with and without background workloads. We reveal the insufficiency of Android system in ensuring the performance of foreground apps and therefore design a new system to address the insufficiency accordingly. We develop a lightweight tracker to accurately identify all delay-critical threads that contribute to the slow response of user interactions. We then build a resource manager that can efficiently schedule various system resources including CPU, I/O, and GPU, for optimizing the performance of these threads. We implement the proposed system on commercial smartphones and conduct comprehensive experiments to evaluate our implementation. Evaluation results show that our system is able to significantly reduce the user-perceived latency of foreground apps in running with aggressive background workloads, up to 10x, while incurring negligible system overhead of less than 3.1 percent CPU and 7 MB memory.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "61f079cb59505d9bf1de914330dd852e",
"text": "Bayesian filters have now become the standard for spam filtering; unfortunately most Bayesian filters seem to reach a plateau of accuracy at 99.9 percent. We experimentally compare the training methods TEFT, TOE, and TUNE, as well as pure Bayesian, token-bag, tokensequence, SBPH, and Markovian ddiscriminators. The results deomonstrate that TUNE is indeed best for training, but computationally exorbitant, and that Markovian discrimination is considerably more accurate than Bayesian, but not sufficient to reach four-nines accuracy, and that other techniques such as inoculation are needed. MIT Spam Conference 2004 This work may not be copied or reproduced in whole or in part for any commercial purpose. Permission to copy in whole or in part without payment of fee is granted for nonprofit educational and research purposes provided that all such whole or partial copies include the following: a notice that such copying is by permission of Mitsubishi Electric Research Laboratories, Inc.; an acknowledgment of the authors and individual contributions to the work; and all applicable portions of the copyright notice. Copying, reproduction, or republishing for any other purpose shall require a license with payment of fee to Mitsubishi Electric Research Laboratories, Inc. All rights reserved. Copyright c © Mitsubishi Electric Research Laboratories, Inc., 2004 201 Broadway, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139 The Spam-Filtering Accuracy Plateau at 99.9% Accuracy and How to Get Past It. William S. Yerazunis, PhD* Presented at the 2004 MIT Spam Conference January 18, 2004 MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts Abstract: Bayesian filters have now become the standard for spam filtering; unfortunately most Bayesian filters seem to reach a plateau of accuracy at 99.9%. We experimentally compare the training methods TEFT, TOE, and TUNE, as well as pure Bayesian, token-bag, token-sequence, SBPH, and Markovian discriminators. The results demonstrate that TUNE is indeed best for training, but computationally exorbitant, and that Markovian discrimination is considerably more accurate than Bayesian, but not sufficient to reach four-nines accuracy, and that other techniques such as inoculation are needed. Bayesian filters have now become the standard for spam filtering; unfortunately most Bayesian filters seem to reach a plateau of accuracy at 99.9%. We experimentally compare the training methods TEFT, TOE, and TUNE, as well as pure Bayesian, token-bag, token-sequence, SBPH, and Markovian discriminators. The results demonstrate that TUNE is indeed best for training, but computationally exorbitant, and that Markovian discrimination is considerably more accurate than Bayesian, but not sufficient to reach four-nines accuracy, and that other techniques such as inoculation are needed.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "c26a3ffc5c94ef76358ffb7179879e19",
"text": "Keyword extraction problem is one of the most significant tasks in information retrieval. High-quality keyword extraction sufficiently influences the progress in the following subtasks of information retrieval: classification and clustering, data mining, knowledge extraction and representation, etc. The research environment has specified a layout for keyphrase extraction. However, some of the possible decisions remain uninvolved in the paradigm. In the paper the authors observe the scope of interdisciplinary methods applicable to automatic stop list feeding. The chosen method belongs to the class of experiential models. The research procedure based on this method allows to improve the quality of keyphrase extraction on the stage of candidate keyphrase building. Several ways to automatic feeding of the stop lists are proposed in the paper as well. One of them is based on provisions of lexical statistics and the results of its application to the discussed task point out the non-gaussian nature of text corpora. The second way based on usage of the Inspec train collection to the feeding of stop lists improves the quality considerably.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "c0ce856c2e1a49aa75bfefbdbbffe455",
"text": "In order to get real time image processing for mobile robot vision, we propose to use a discrete time cellular neural network implementation by a convolutional structure on Altora FPGA using VHDL language. We obtain at least 9 times faster processing than other emulations for the same problem.",
"title": ""
}
] | scidocsrr |
9c50b948f6621f5dbacc2a9ce01b2f6e | Monopole Antenna With Inkjet-Printed EBG Array on Paper Substrate for Wearable Applications | [
{
"docid": "6f13503bf65ff58b7f0d4f3282f60dec",
"text": "Body centric wireless communication is now accepted as an important part of 4th generation (and beyond) mobile communications systems, taking the form of human to human networking incorporating wearable sensors and communications. There are also a number of body centric communication systems for specialized occupations, such as paramedics and fire-fighters, military personnel and medical sensing and support. To support these developments there is considerable ongoing research into antennas and propagation for body centric communications systems, and this paper will summarise some of it, including the characterisation of the channel on the body, the optimisation of antennas for these channels, and communications to medical implants where advanced antenna design and characterisation and modelling of the internal body channel are important research needs. In all of these areas both measurement and simulation pose very different and challenging issues to be faced by the researcher.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "e99d7b425ab1a2a9a2de4e10a3fbe766",
"text": "In this paper, a review of the authors' work on inkjet-printed flexible antennas, fabricated on paper substrates, is given. This is presented as a system-level solution for ultra-low-cost mass production of UHF radio-frequency identification (RFID) tags and wireless sensor nodes (WSN), in an approach that could be easily extended to other microwave and wireless applications. First, we discuss the benefits of using paper as a substrate for high-frequency applications, reporting its very good electrical/dielectric performance up to at least 1 GHz. The RF characteristics of the paper-based substrate are studied by using a microstrip-ring resonator, in order to characterize the dielectric properties (dielectric constant and loss tangent). We then give details about the inkjet-printing technology, including the characterization of the conductive ink, which consists of nano-silver particles. We highlight the importance of this technology as a fast and simple fabrication technique, especially on flexible organic (e.g., LCP) or paper-based substrates. A compact inkjet-printed UHF ldquopassive RFIDrdquo antenna, using the classic T-match approach and designed to match the IC's complex impedance, is presented as a demonstration prototype for this technology. In addition, we briefly touch upon the state-of-the-art area of fully-integrated wireless sensor modules on paper. We show the first-ever two-dimensional sensor integration with an RFID tag module on paper, as well as the possibility of a three-dimensional multilayer paper-based RF/microwave structure.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "784f3100dbd852b249c0e9b0761907f1",
"text": "The bi-directional beam from an equiangular spiral antenna (EAS) is changed to a unidirectional beam using an electromagnetic band gap (EBG) reflector. The antenna height, measured from the upper surface of the EBG reflector to the spiral arms, is chosen to be extremely small to realize a low-profile antenna: 0.07 wavelength at the lowest analysis frequency of 3 GHz. The analysis shows that the EAS backed by the EBG reflector does not reproduce the inherent wideband axial ratio characteristic observed when the EAS is isolated in free space. The deterioration in the axial ratio is examined by decomposing the total radiation field into two field components: one component from the equiangular spiral and the other from the EBG reflector. The examination reveals that the amplitudes and phases of these two field components do not satisfy the constructive relationship necessary for circularly polarized radiation. Based on this finding, next, the EBG reflector is modified by gradually removing the patch elements from the center region of the reflector, thereby satisfying the required constructive relationship between the two field components. This equiangular spiral with a modified EBG reflector shows wideband characteristics with respect to the axial ratio, input impedance and gain within the design frequency band (4-9 GHz). Note that, for comparison, the antenna characteristics for an EAS isolated in free space and an EAS backed by a perfect electric conductor are also presented.",
"title": ""
}
] | [
{
"docid": "0cd96187b257ee09060768650432fe6d",
"text": "Sustainable urban mobility is an important dimension in a Smart City, and one of the key issues for city sustainability. However, innovative and often costly mobility policies and solutions introduced by cities are liable to fail, if not combined with initiatives aimed at increasing the awareness of citizens, and promoting their behavioural change. This paper explores the potential of gamification mechanisms to incentivize voluntary behavioural changes towards sustainable mobility solutions. We present a service-based gamification framework, developed within the STREETLIFE EU Project, which can be used to develop games on top of existing services and systems within a Smart City, and discuss the empirical findings of an experiment conducted in the city of Rovereto on the effectiveness of gamification to promote sustainable urban mobility.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "69bb52e45db91f142b8c5297abd21282",
"text": "IP-based solutions to accommodate mobile hosts within existing internetworks do not address the distinctive features of wireless mobile computing. IP-based transport protocols thus suffer from poor performance when a mobile host communicates with a host on the fixed network. This is caused by frequent disruptions in network layer connectivity due to — i) mobility and ii) unreliable nature of the wireless link. We describe the design and implementation of I-TCP, which is an indirect transport layer protocol for mobile hosts. I-TCP utilizes the resources of Mobility Support Routers (MSRs) to provide transport layer communication between mobile hosts and hosts on the fixed network. With I-TCP, the problems related to mobility and the unreliability of wireless link are handled entirely within the wireless link; the TCP/IP software on the fixed hosts is not modified. Using I-TCP on our testbed, the throughput between a fixed host and a mobile host improved substantially in comparison to regular TCP.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "3b47a88f37a06ec44d510a4dbfc0993d",
"text": "Governance, Risk and Compliance (GRC) as an integrated concept has gained great interest recently among researchers in the Information Systems (IS) field. The need for more effective and efficient business processes in the area of financial controls drives enterprises to successfully implement GRC systems as an overall goal when they are striving for enterprise value of their integrated systems. The GRC implementation process is a significant parameter influencing the success of operational performance and financial governance and supports the practices for competitive advantage within the organisations. However, GRC literature is limited regarding the analysis of their implementation and adoption success. Therefore, there is a need for further research and contribution in the area of GRC systems and more specifically their implementation process. The research at hand recognizes GRC as a fundamental business requirement and focuses on the need to analyse the implementation process of such enterprise solutions. The research includes theoretical and empirical investigation of the GRC implementation within an enterprise and develops a framework for the analysis of the GRC adoption. The approach suggests that the three success factors (integration, optimisation, information) influence the adoption of the GRC and more specifically their implementation process. The proposed framework followed a case study approach to confirm its functionality and is evaluated through interviews with stakeholders involved in GRC implementations. Furthermore, it can be used by the organisations when considering the adoption of GRC solutions and can also suggest a tool for researchers to analyse and explain further the GRC implementation process.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "d7c2d97fbd7591bdd53e711ed5582f6c",
"text": "Progress in Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) is shaping more and more the healthcare domain. ICTs adoption provides new opportunities, as well as discloses novel and unforeseen application scenarios. As a result, the overall health sector is potentially benefited, as the quality of medical services is expected to be enhanced and healthcare costs are reduced, in spite of the increasing demand due to the aging population. Notwithstanding the above, the scientific literature appears to be still quite scattered and fragmented, also due to the interaction of scientific communities with different background, skills, and approaches. A number of specific terms have become of widespread use (e.g., regarding ICTs-based healthcare paradigms as well as at health-related data formats), but without commonly-agreed definitions. While scientific surveys and reviews have also been proposed, none of them aims at providing a holistic view of how today ICTs are able to support healthcare. This is the more and more an issue, as the integrated application of most if not all the main ICTs pillars is the most agreed upon trend, according to the Industry 4.0 paradigm about ongoing and future industrial revolution. In this paper we aim at shedding light on how ICTs and healthcare are related, identifying the most popular ICTs-based healthcare paradigms, together with the main ICTs backing them. Studying more than 300 papers, we survey outcomes of literature analyses and results from research activities carried out in this field. We characterize the main ICTs-based healthcare paradigms stemmed out in recent years fostered by the evolution of ICTs. Dissecting the scientific literature, we also identify the technological pillars underpinning the novel applications fueled by these technological advancements. Guided by the scientific literature, we review a number of application scenarios gaining momentum thanks to the beneficial impact of ICTs. As the evolution of ICTs enables to gather huge and invaluable data from numerous and highly varied sources in easier ways, here we also focus on the shapes that this healthcare-related data may take. This survey provides an up-to-date picture of the novel healthcare applications enabled by the ICTs advancements, with a focus on their specific hottest research challenges. It helps the interested readership (from both technological and medical fields) not to lose orientation in the complex landscapes possibly generated when advanced ICTs are adopted in application scenarios dictated by the critical healthcare domain.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "ce6e5532c49b02988588f2ac39724558",
"text": "hlany modern computing environments involve dynamic peer groups. Distributed Simdation, mtiti-user games, conferencing and replicated servers are just a few examples. Given the openness of today’s networks, communication among group members must be secure and, at the same time, efficient. This paper studies the problem of authenticated key agreement. in dynamic peer groups with the emphasis on efficient and provably secure key authentication, key confirmation and integrity. It begins by considering 2-party authenticateed key agreement and extends the restits to Group Dfi*Hehart key agreement. In the process, some new security properties (unique to groups) are discussed.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "46465926afb62b9f73386a962047875d",
"text": "Cervical cancer represents the second leading cause of death for women worldwide. The importance of the diet and its impact on specific types of neoplasia has been highlighted, focusing again interest in the analysis of dietary phytochemicals. Polyphenols have shown a wide range of cellular effects: they may prevent carcinogens from reaching the targeted sites, support detoxification of reactive molecules, improve the elimination of transformed cells, increase the immune surveillance and the most important factor is that they can influence tumor suppressors and inhibit cellular proliferation, interfering in this way with the steps of carcinogenesis. From the studies reviewed in this paper, it is clear that certain dietary polyphenols hold great potential in the prevention and therapy of cervical cancer, because they interfere in carcinogenesis (in the initiation, development and progression) by modulating the critical processes of cellular proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, angiogenesis and metastasis. Specifically, polyphenols inhibit the proliferation of HPV cells, through induction of apoptosis, growth arrest, inhibition of DNA synthesis and modulation of signal transduction pathways. The effects of combinations of polyphenols with chemotherapy and radiotherapy used in the treatment of cervical cancer showed results in the resistance of cervical tumor cells to chemo- and radiotherapy, one of the main problems in the treatment of cervical neoplasia that can lead to failure of the treatment because of the decreased efficiency of the therapy.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "6085fab45784706f5c99e7c316a0fc55",
"text": "The localization of photosensitizers in the subcellular compartments during photodynamic therapy (PDT) plays a major role in the cell destruction; therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the intracellular localization of Chlorin e6-PVP (Photolon™) in malignant and normal cells. Our study involves the characterization of the structural determinants of subcellular localization of Photolon, and how subcellular localization affects the selective toxicity of Photolon towards tumor cells. Using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and fluorescent organelle probes; we examined the subcellular localization of Photolon™ in the murine colon carcinoma CT-26 and normal fibroblast (NHLC) cells. Our results demonstrated that after 30 min of incubation, the distribution of Photolon was localized mainly in the cytoplasmic organelles including the mitochondria, lysosomes, Golgi apparatus, around the nuclear envelope and also in the nucleus but not in the endo-plasmic reticulum whereas in NHLC cells, Photolon was found to be localized minimally only in the nucleus not in other organelles studied. The relationship between subcellular localization of Photolon and PDT-induced apoptosis was investigated. Apoptotic cell death was judged by the formation of known apoptotic hallmarks including, the phosphatidylserine externalization (PS), PARP cleavage, a substrate for caspase-3 and the formation of apoptotic nuclei. At the irradiation dose of 1 J/cm2, the percentage of apoptotic cells was 80%, respectively. This study provided substantial evidence that Photolon preferentially localized in the subcellular organelles in the following order: nucleus, mitochondria, lysosomes and the Golgi apparatus and subsequent photodamage of the mitochondria and lyso-somes played an important role in PDT-mediated apoptosis CT-26 cells. Our results based on the cytoplasmic organelles and the intranuclear localization extensively enhance the efficacy of PDT with appropriate photosensitizer and light dose and support the idea that PDT can contribute to elimination of malignant cells by inducing apoptosis, which is of physiological significance.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "9b5bccc259b512de43e5fe49a5b3fa21",
"text": "A combination of techniques that is becoming increasingly popular is the construction of part-based object representations using the outputs of interest-point detectors. Our contributions in this paper are twofold: first, we propose a primal-sketch-based set of image tokens that are used for object representation and detection. Second, top-down information is introduced based on an efficient method for the evaluation of the likelihood of hypothesized part locations. This allows us to use graphical model techniques to complement bottom-up detection, by proposing and finding the parts of the object that were missed by the front-end feature detection stage. Detection results for four object categories validate the merits of this joint top-down and bottom-up approach.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "ac6b3d140b2e31b8b19dc37d25207eca",
"text": "In this paper, a comparative study on frequency and time domain analyses for the evaluation of the seismic response of subsoil to the earthquake shaking is presented. After some remarks on the solutions given by the linear elasticity theory for this type of problem, the use of some widespread numerical codes is illustrated and the results are compared with the available theoretical predictions. Bedrock elasticity, viscous and hysteretic damping, stress-dependency of the stiffness and nonlinear behaviour of the soil are taken into account. A series of comparisons between the results obtained by the different computer programs is shown.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "ee727069682d1ed5181f05327e96aced",
"text": "The problem of place recognition appears in different mobile robot navigation problems including localization, SLAM, or change detection in dynamic environments. Whereas this problem has been studied intensively in the context of robot vision, relatively few approaches are available for three-dimensional range data. In this paper, we present a novel and robust method for place recognition based on range images. Our algorithm matches a given 3D scan against a database using point features and scores potential transformations by comparing significant points in the scans. A further advantage of our approach is that the features allow for a computation of the relative transformations between scans which is relevant for registration processes. Our approach has been implemented and tested on different 3D data sets obtained outdoors. In several experiments we demonstrate the advantages of our approach also in comparison to existing techniques.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "2fee5493d0cec652a403f5659f6a2a2a",
"text": "The lethal(3)malignant brain tumor [t(3)mbt] gene causes, when mutated, malignant growth of the adult optic neuroblasts and ganglion mother cells in the larval brain and imaginal disc overgrowth. Via overlapping deficiencies a genomic region of approximately 6.0 kb was identified, containing l(3)mbt+ gene sequences. The l(3)mbt+ gene encodes seven transcripts of 5.8 kb, 5.65 kb, 5.35 kb, 5.25 kb, 5.0 kb, 4.4 kb and 1.8 kb. The putative MBT163 protein, encompassing 1477 amino acids, is proline-rich and contains a novel zinc finger. In situ hybridizations of whole mount embryos and larval tissues revealed l(3)mbt+ RNA ubiquitously present in stage 1 embryos and throughout embryonic development in most tissues. In third instar larvae l(3)mbt+ RNA is detected in the adult optic anlagen and the imaginal discs, the tissues directly affected by l(3)mbt mutations, but also in tissues, showing normal development in the mutant, such as the gut, the goblet cells and the hematopoietic organs.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "47ddc934a733f5b2d05dcd0275c7fb06",
"text": "Accurately forecasting pollution concentration of PM2.5 can provide early warning for the government to alert the persons suffering from air pollution. Many existing approaches fail at providing favorable results duo to shallow architecture in forecasting model that can not learn suitable features. In addition, multiple meteorological factors increase the difficulty for understanding the influence of the PM2.5 concentration. In this paper, a deep neural network is proposed for accurately forecasting PM2.5 pollution concentration based on manifold learning. Firstly, meteorological factors are specified by the manifold learning method, reducing the dimension without any expert knowledge. Secondly, a deep belief network (DBN) is developed to learn the features of the input candidates obtained by the manifold learning and the one-day ahead PM2.5 concentration. Finally, the deep features are modeled by a regression neural network, and the local PM2.5 forecast is yielded. The addressed model is evaluated by the dataset in the period of 28/10/2013 to 31/3/2017 in Chongqing municipality of China. The study suggests that deep learning is a promising technique in PM2.5 concentration forecasting based on the manifold learning.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "f6d9efb7cfee553bc02a5303a86fd626",
"text": "OBJECTIVE\nTo perform a cross-cultural adaptation of the Portuguese version of the Maslach Burnout Inventory for students (MBI-SS), and investigate its reliability, validity and cross-cultural invariance.\n\n\nMETHODS\nThe face validity involved the participation of a multidisciplinary team. Content validity was performed. The Portuguese version was completed in 2009, on the internet, by 958 Brazilian and 556 Portuguese university students from the urban area. Confirmatory factor analysis was carried out using as fit indices: the χ²/df, the Comparative Fit Index (CFI), the Goodness of Fit Index (GFI) and the Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA). To verify the stability of the factor solution according to the original English version, cross-validation was performed in 2/3 of the total sample and replicated in the remaining 1/3. Convergent validity was estimated by the average variance extracted and composite reliability. The discriminant validity was assessed, and the internal consistency was estimated by the Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Concurrent validity was estimated by the correlational analysis of the mean scores of the Portuguese version and the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory, and the divergent validity was compared to the Beck Depression Inventory. The invariance of the model between the Brazilian and the Portuguese samples was assessed.\n\n\nRESULTS\nThe three-factor model of Exhaustion, Disengagement and Efficacy showed good fit (c 2/df = 8.498, CFI = 0.916, GFI = 0.902, RMSEA = 0.086). The factor structure was stable (λ:χ²dif = 11.383, p = 0.50; Cov: χ²dif = 6.479, p = 0.372; Residues: χ²dif = 21.514, p = 0.121). Adequate convergent validity (VEM = 0.45;0.64, CC = 0.82;0.88), discriminant (ρ² = 0.06;0.33) and internal consistency (α = 0.83;0.88) were observed. The concurrent validity of the Portuguese version with the Copenhagen Inventory was adequate (r = 0.21, 0.74). The assessment of the divergent validity was impaired by the approach of the theoretical concept of the dimensions Exhaustion and Disengagement of the Portuguese version with the Beck Depression Inventory. Invariance of the instrument between the Brazilian and Portuguese samples was not observed (λ:χ²dif = 84.768, p<0.001; Cov: χ²dif = 129.206, p < 0.001; Residues: χ²dif = 518.760, p < 0.001).\n\n\nCONCLUSIONS\nThe Portuguese version of the Maslach Burnout Inventory for students showed adequate reliability and validity, but its factor structure was not invariant between the countries, indicating the absence of cross-cultural stability.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "32ca9711622abd30c7c94f41b91fa3f6",
"text": "The Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Algorithm (ECDSA) is the elliptic curve analogue of the Digital Signature Algorithm (DSA). It was accepted in 1999 as an ANSI standard and in 2000 as IEEE and NIST standards. It was also accepted in 1998 as an ISO standard and is under consideration for inclusion in some other ISO standards. Unlike the ordinary discrete logarithm problem and the integer factorization problem, no subexponential-time algorithm is known for the elliptic curve discrete logarithm problem. For this reason, the strength-per-key-bit is substantially greater in an algorithm that uses elliptic curves. This paper describes the ANSI X9.62 ECDSA, and discusses related security, implementation, and interoperability issues.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "7735668d4f8407d9514211d9f5492ce6",
"text": "This revision to the EEG Guidelines is an update incorporating current EEG technology and practice. The role of the EEG in making the determination of brain death is discussed as are suggested technical criteria for making the diagnosis of electrocerebral inactivity.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "f91238b11b84099cdbb16c8c4b7c75ae",
"text": "This study investigates the case-based learning experience of 133 undergraduate veterinarian science students. Using qualitative methodologies from relational Student Learning Research, variation in the quality of the learning experience was identified, ranging from coherent, deep, quality experiences of the cases, to experiences that separated significant aspects, such as the online case histories, laboratory test results, and annotated images emphasizing symptoms, from the meaning of the experience. A key outcome of this study was that a significant percentage of the students surveyed adopted a poor approach to learning with online resources in a blended experience even when their overall learning experience was related to cohesive conceptions of veterinary science, and that the difference was even more marked for less successful students. The outcomes from the study suggest that many students are unsure of how to approach the use of online resources in ways that are likely to maximise benefits for learning in blended experiences, and that the benefits from case-based learning such as authenticity and active learning can be threatened if issues closely associated with qualitative variation arising from incoherence in the experience are not addressed.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "050c701f2663f4fa85aadd65a5dc96f2",
"text": "The availability of multiple, essentially complete genome sequences of prokaryotes and eukaryotes spurred both the demand and the opportunity for the construction of an evolutionary classification of genes from these genomes. Such a classification system based on orthologous relationships between genes appears to be a natural framework for comparative genomics and should facilitate both functional annotation of genomes and large-scale evolutionary studies. We describe here a major update of the previously developed system for delineation of Clusters of Orthologous Groups of proteins (COGs) from the sequenced genomes of prokaryotes and unicellular eukaryotes and the construction of clusters of predicted orthologs for 7 eukaryotic genomes, which we named KOGs after euk aryotic o rthologous g roups. The COG collection currently consists of 138,458 proteins, which form 4873 COGs and comprise 75% of the 185,505 (predicted) proteins encoded in 66 genomes of unicellular organisms. The euk aryotic o rthologous g roups (KOGs) include proteins from 7 eukaryotic genomes: three animals (the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster and Homo sapiens), one plant, Arabidopsis thaliana, two fungi (Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Schizosaccharomyces pombe), and the intracellular microsporidian parasite Encephalitozoon cuniculi. The current KOG set consists of 4852 clusters of orthologs, which include 59,838 proteins, or ~54% of the analyzed eukaryotic 110,655 gene products. Compared to the coverage of the prokaryotic genomes with COGs, a considerably smaller fraction of eukaryotic genes could be included into the KOGs; addition of new eukaryotic genomes is expected to result in substantial increase in the coverage of eukaryotic genomes with KOGs. Examination of the phyletic patterns of KOGs reveals a conserved core represented in all analyzed species and consisting of ~20% of the KOG set. This conserved portion of the KOG set is much greater than the ubiquitous portion of the COG set (~1% of the COGs). In part, this difference is probably due to the small number of included eukaryotic genomes, but it could also reflect the relative compactness of eukaryotes as a clade and the greater evolutionary stability of eukaryotic genomes. The updated collection of orthologous protein sets for prokaryotes and eukaryotes is expected to be a useful platform for functional annotation of newly sequenced genomes, including those of complex eukaryotes, and genome-wide evolutionary studies.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "18c885e8cb799086219585e419140ba5",
"text": "Reaction-time and eye-fixation data are analyzed to investigate how people infer the kinematics of simple mechanical systems (pulley systems) from diagrams showing their static configuration. It is proposed that this mental animation process involves decomposing the representation of a pulley system into smaller units corresponding to the machine components and animating these components in a sequence corresponding to the causal sequence of events in the machine's operation. Although it is possible for people to make inferences against the chain of causality in the machine, these inferences are more difficult, and people have a preference for inferences in the direction of causality. The mental animation process reflects both capacity limitations and limitations of mechanical knowledge.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "0a732282dc782b8893628697e39c9153",
"text": "Neural networks have had many great successes in recent years, particularly with the advent of deep learning and many novel training techniques. One issue that has prevented reinforcement learning from taking full advantage of scalable neural networks is that of catastrophic forgetting. The latter affects supervised learning systems when highly correlated input samples are presented, as well as when input patterns are non-stationary. However, most real-world problems are non-stationary in nature, resulting in prolonged periods of time separating inputs drawn from different regions of the input space. Unfortunately, reinforcement learning presents a worst-case scenario when it comes to precipitating catastrophic forgetting in neural networks. Meaningful training examples are acquired as the agent explores different regions of its state/action space. When the agent is in one such region, only highly correlated samples from that region are typically acquired. Moreover, the regions that the agent is likely to visit will depend on its current policy, suggesting that an agent that has a good policy may avoid exploring particular regions. The confluence of these factors means that without some mitigation techniques, supervised neural networks as function approximation in temporal-difference learning will only be applicable to the simplest test cases. In this work, we develop a feed forward neural network architecture that mitigates catastrophic forgetting by partitioning the input space in a manner that selectively activates a different subset of hidden neurons for each region of the input space. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed framework on a cart-pole balancing problem for which other neural network architectures exhibit training instability likely due to catastrophic forgetting. We demonstrate that our technique produces better results, particularly with respect to a performance-stability measure.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "0f699e9f14753b2cbfb7f7a3c7057f40",
"text": "There has been much recent work on training neural attention models at the sequencelevel using either reinforcement learning-style methods or by optimizing the beam. In this paper, we survey a range of classical objective functions that have been widely used to train linear models for structured prediction and apply them to neural sequence to sequence models. Our experiments show that these losses can perform surprisingly well by slightly outperforming beam search optimization in a like for like setup. We also report new state of the art results on both IWSLT’14 German-English translation as well as Gigaword abstractive summarization. On the large WMT’14 English-French task, sequence-level training achieves 41.5 BLEU which is on par with the state of the art.1",
"title": ""
}
] | scidocsrr |
af661637b41e03b218bc3919969fb2e5 | A Collapsed Variational Bayesian Inference Algorithm for Latent Dirichlet Allocation | [
{
"docid": "82866d253fda63fd7a1e70e9a0f4252e",
"text": "We introduce a new class of maximization-expectation (ME) algorithms where we maximize over hidden variables but marginalize over random parameters. This reverses the roles of expectation and maximization in the classical expectation-maximization algorithm. In the context of clustering, we argue that these hard assignments open the door to very fast implementations based on data structures such as kd-trees and conga lines. The marginalization over parameters ensures that we retain the ability to infer model structure (i.e., number of clusters). As an important example, we discuss a top-down Bayesian k-means algorithm and a bottom-up agglomerative clustering algorithm. In experiments, we compare these algorithms against a number of alternative algorithms that have recently appeared in the literature.",
"title": ""
}
] | [
{
"docid": "6a8a849bc8272a7b73259e732e3be81b",
"text": "Northrop Grumman is developing an atom-based magnetometer technology that has the potential for providing a global position reference independent of GPS. The NAV-CAM sensor is a direct outgrowth of the Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Gyro under development by the same technical team. It is capable of providing simultaneous measurements of all 3 orthogonal axes of magnetic vector field components using a single compact vapor cell. The vector sum determination of the whole-field scalar measurement achieves similar precision to the individual vector components. By using a single sensitive element (vapor cell) this approach eliminates many of the problems encountered when using physically separate sensors or sensing elements.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "bb7ac8c753d09383ecbf1c8cd7572d05",
"text": "Skills learned through (deep) reinforcement learning often generalizes poorly across domains and re-training is necessary when presented with a new task. We present a framework that combines techniques in formal methods with reinforcement learning (RL). The methods we provide allows for convenient specification of tasks with logical expressions, learns hierarchical policies (meta-controller and low-level controllers) with well-defined intrinsic rewards, and construct new skills from existing ones with little to no additional exploration. We evaluate the proposed methods in a simple grid world simulation as well as a more complicated kitchen environment in AI2Thor (Kolve et al. [2017]).",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "c9a6fb06acb9e33a607c7f183ff6a626",
"text": "The objective of the study was to examine the correlations between intracranial aneurysm morphology and wall shear stress (WSS) to identify reliable predictors of rupture risk. Seventy-two intracranial aneurysms (41 ruptured and 31 unruptured) from 63 patients were studied retrospectively. All aneurysms were divided into two categories: narrow (aspect ratio ≥1.4) and wide-necked (aspect ratio <1.4 or neck width ≥4 mm). Computational fluid dynamics was used to determine the distribution of WSS, which was analyzed between different morphological groups and between ruptured and unruptured aneurysms. Sections of the walls of clipped aneurysms were stained with hematoxylin–eosin, observed under a microscope, and photographed. Ruptured aneurysms were statistically more likely to have a greater low WSS area ratio (LSAR) (P = 0.001) and higher aneurysms parent WSS ratio (P = 0.026) than unruptured aneurysms. Narrow-necked aneurysms were statistically more likely to have a larger LSAR (P < 0.001) and lower values of MWSS (P < 0.001), mean aneurysm-parent WSS ratio (P < 0.001), HWSS (P = 0.012), and the highest aneurysm-parent WSS ratio (P < 0.001) than wide-necked aneurysms. The aneurysm wall showed two different pathological changes associated with high or low WSS in wide-necked aneurysms. Aneurysm morphology could affect the distribution and magnitude of WSS on the basis of differences in blood flow. Both high and low WSS could contribute to focal wall damage and rupture through different mechanisms associated with each morphological type.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "7d228b0da98868e92ab5ae13abddb29b",
"text": "An important challenge for human-like AI is compositional semantics. Recent research has attempted to address this by using deep neural networks to learn vector space embeddings of sentences, which then serve as input to other tasks. We present a new dataset for one such task, “natural language inference” (NLI), that cannot be solved using only word-level knowledge and requires some compositionality. We find that the performance of state of the art sentence embeddings (InferSent; Conneau et al., 2017) on our new dataset is poor. We analyze the decision rules learned by InferSent and find that they are consistent with simple heuristics that are ecologically valid in its training dataset. Further, we find that augmenting training with our dataset improves test performance on our dataset without loss of performance on the original training dataset. This highlights the importance of structured datasets in better understanding and improving AI systems.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "ae7ee96b7a525f82c6d8e03e828f32a1",
"text": "Teachers are increasingly required to incorporate information and communications technologies (ICT) into the modern classroom. The implementation of ICT into the classroom should not be seen as merely an add-on, however, but should be included with purpose; meaningfully implemented based on pedagogy. The aim of this study is to explore potential factors that might predict purposeful implementation of ICT into the classroom. Using an online survey, skills in and beliefs about ICT were assessed, as well as the teaching and learning beliefs of forty-five K-12 teachers. Hierarchical multiple regression revealed that competence using ICT and a belief in the importance of ICT for student outcomes positively predicted purposeful implementation of ICT into the classroom, while endorsing more traditional content-based learning was a negative predictor. These three predictors explained 47% of the variance in purposeful implementation of ICT into the classroom. ICT competence was unpacked further with correlations. This revealed that there is a relationship between teachers having ICT skills that can personalize, engage, and create an interactive atmosphere for students and purposeful implementation of ICT into the classroom. Based on these findings, suggestions are made of important focal areas for encouraging teachers to purposefully implement ICT into their classrooms.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "9167fbdd1fe4d5c17ffeaf50c6fd32b7",
"text": "For many networked games, such as the Defense of the Ancients and StarCraft series, the unofficial leagues created by players themselves greatly enhance user-experience, and extend the success of each game. Understanding the social structure that players of these game s implicitly form helps to create innovative gaming services to the benefit of both players and game operators. But how to extract and analyse the implicit social structure? We address this question by first proposing a formalism consisting of various ways to map interaction to social structure, and apply this to real-world data collected from three different game genres. We analyse the implications of these mappings for in-game and gaming-related services, ranging from network and socially-aware matchmaking of players, to an investigation of social network robustnes against player departure.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "e1440ec680f070fed95ececf1c71949d",
"text": "Cryptocurrency wallets store the wallets private key(s), and hence, are a lucrative target for attackers. With possession of the private key, an attacker virtually owns all of the currency in the compromised wallet. Managing cryptocurrency wallets offline, in isolated (’air-gapped’) computers, has been suggested in order to secure the private keys from theft. Such air-gapped wallets are often referred to as ’cold wallets.’ In this paper we show how private keys can be exfiltrated from air-gapped wallets. In the adversarial attack model, the attacker infiltrates the offline wallet, infecting it with malicious code. The malware can be preinstalled or pushed in during the initial installation of the wallet, or it can infect the system when removable media (e.g., USB flash drive) is inserted into the wallet’s computer in order to sign a transaction. These attack vectors have repeatedly been proven feasible in the last decade (e.g., [1],[2],[3],[4],[5],[6],[7],[8],[9],[10]). Having obtained a foothold in the wallet, an attacker can utilize various air-gap covert channel techniques (bridgeware [11]) to jump the airgap and exfiltrate the wallets private keys. We evaluate various exfiltration techniques, including physical, electromagnetic, electric, magnetic, acoustic, optical, and thermal techniques. This research shows that although cold wallets provide a high degree of isolation, its not beyond the capability of motivated attackers to compromise such wallets and steal private keys from them. We demonstrate how a 256-bit private key (e.g., bitcoin’s private keys) can be exfiltrated from an offline, air-gapped wallet of a fictional character named Satoshi within a matter of seconds.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "deb1d53be28bfbd57dc2bdce4115f10d",
"text": "Previous research to investigate the interaction between malaria infection and tumor progression has revealed that malaria infection can potentiate host immune response against tumor in tumor-bearing mice. Exosomes may play key roles in disseminating pathogenic host-derived molecules during infection because several studies have shown the involvement and roles of extracellular vesicles in cell–cell communication. However, the role of exosomes generated during Plasmodium infection in tumor growth, progression and angiogenesis has not been studied either in animals or in the clinics. To test this hypothesis, we designed an animal model to generate and isolate exosomes from mice which were subsequently used to treat the tumor. Intra-tumor injection of exosomes derived from the plasma of Plasmodium-infected mice provided significantly reduced Lewis lung cancer growth in mice. We further co-cultured the isolated exosomes with endothelial cells and observed significantly reduced expression of VEGFR2 and migration in the endothelial cells. Interestingly, high level of micro-RNA (miRNA) 16/322/497/17 was detected in the exosomes derived from the plasma of mice infected with Plasmodium compared with those from control mice. We observed that overexpression of the miRNA 16/322/497/17 in endothelial cell corresponded with decreased expression of VEGFR2, inhibition of angiogenesis and inhibition of the miRNA 16/322/497/17 significantly alleviated these effects. These data provide novel scientific evidence of the interaction between Plasmodium infection and lung cancer growth and angiogenesis.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "b210df85635af27665efe9811b2123bf",
"text": "Edge detection plays a significant role in image processing and performance of high-level tasks such as image segmentation and object recognition depends on its efficiency. It is clear that accurate edge map generation is more difficult when images are corrupted with noise. Moreover, most of edge detection methods have parameters which must be set manually. Here we propose a new color edge detector based on a statistical test, which is robust to noise. Also, the parameters of this method will be set automatically based on image content. To show the effectiveness of the proposed method, four state-of-the-art edge detectors are implemented and the results are compared. Experimental results on five of the most well-known edge detection benchmarks show that the proposed method is robust to noise. The performance of our method for lower levels of noise is very comparable to the existing approaches, whose performances highly depend on their parameter tuning stage. However, for higher levels of noise, the observed results significantly highlight the superiority of the proposed method over the existing edge detection methods, both quantitatively and qualitatively.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "7b1a6768cc6bb975925a754343dc093c",
"text": "In response to the increasing volume of trajectory data obtained, e.g., from tracking athletes, animals, or meteorological phenomena, we present a new space-efficient algorithm for the analysis of trajectory data. The algorithm combines techniques from computational geometry, data mining, and string processing and offers a modular design that allows for a user-guided exploration of trajectory data incorporating domain-specific constraints and objectives.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "f060713abe9ada73c1c4521c5ca48ea9",
"text": "In this paper, we revisit the classical Bayesian face recognition method by Baback Moghaddam et al. and propose a new joint formulation. The classical Bayesian method models the appearance difference between two faces. We observe that this “difference” formulation may reduce the separability between classes. Instead, we model two faces jointly with an appropriate prior on the face representation. Our joint formulation leads to an EM-like model learning at the training time and an efficient, closed-formed computation at the test time. On extensive experimental evaluations, our method is superior to the classical Bayesian face and many other supervised approaches. Our method achieved 92.4% test accuracy on the challenging Labeled Face in Wild (LFW) dataset. Comparing with current best commercial system, we reduced the error rate by 10%.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "49fcbc3c543fb9152bc55c71aec586de",
"text": "The rapid growth of e-commerce has provided both an opportunity to create new values in the online marketplace and dramatic competition to survive. To survive in a competitive environment, Internet shopping malls attempt to adopt and use Customer Relationship Management. However, previous researches focused on navigation patterns of customers with membership. Therefore, they failed to apply real time web marketing to anonymous customers who navigate web pages without personal login. To overcome the problems noted above, we propose a methodology for predicting the purchase probability of anonymous customers to support real time web marketing. The proposed methodology is composed of two phases: (1) extracting purchase patterns and (2) predicting purchase probability. Purchase pattern provides marketing implications to web marketers while the purchase probability provides an opportunity for real time web marketing by predicting the purchase probability of an anonymous customer. The proposed methodology can be applied to the real time web marketing such as navigation shortcuts, product recommendations and better customer inducement since anonymous customers are included in marketing target and significant navigation pattern for purchase is identified. q 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "3a680786aa8525d75e9234f50c2b6600",
"text": "The establishment of policy is key to the implementation of actions for health. We review the nature of policy and the definition and directions of health policy. In doing so, we explicitly cast a health political science gaze on setting parameters for researching policy change for health. A brief overview of core theories of the policy process for health promotion is presented, and illustrated with empirical evidence. The key arguments are that (a) policy is not an intervention, but drives intervention development and implementation; (b) understanding policy processes and their pertinent theories is pivotal for the potential to influence policy change; (c) those theories and associated empirical work need to recognise the wicked, multi-level, and incremental nature of elements in the process; and, therefore, (d) the public health, health promotion, and education research toolbox should more explicitly embrace health political science insights. The rigorous application of insights from and theories of the policy process will enhance our understanding of not just how, but also why health policy is structured and implemented the way it is.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "15341073c2c47072f94bd41574312c3c",
"text": "In this paper, we review some advances made recently in the study of mobile phone datasets. This area of research has emerged a decade ago, with the increasing availability of large-scale anonymized datasets, and has grown into a stand-alone topic. We survey the contributions made so far on the social networks that can be constructed with such data, the study of personal mobility, geographical partitioning, urban planning, and help towards development as well as security and privacy issues.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "5717c8148c93b18ec0e41580a050bf3a",
"text": "Verifiability is one of the core editing principles in Wikipedia, editors being encouraged to provide citations for the added content. For a Wikipedia article, determining the citation span of a citation, i.e. what content is covered by a citation, is important as it helps decide for which content citations are still missing. We are the first to address the problem of determining the citation span in Wikipedia articles. We approach this problem by classifying which textual fragments in an article are covered by a citation. We propose a sequence classification approach where for a paragraph and a citation, we determine the citation span at a finegrained level. We provide a thorough experimental evaluation and compare our approach against baselines adopted from the scientific domain, where we show improvement for all evaluation metrics.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "7cac405dcd832b0eeebbfa634ca2e99b",
"text": "We have previously proposed a statistical method for estimating the pronunciation proficiency and intelligibility of presentations made in English by non-native speakers. To investigate the relationship between various acoustic measures and the pronunciation score and intelligibility, we statistically analyzed the speaker’s actual utterances to find combinations of acoustic features with a high correlation between the score estimated by a linear regression model and the score perceived by native English teachers. In this paper, we examined the quality of new acoustic features that are useful when used in combination with the system’s estimates of pronunciation score and intelligibility. Results showed that the best combination of acoustic features produced correlation coefficients of 0.929 and 0.753 for pronunciation and intelligibility, respectively, using open data for speakers at the 10-sentence level.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "9504ed439de69c77ebdce2b148defbe7",
"text": "While advances in computing resources have made processing enormous amounts of data possible, human ability to identify patterns in such data has not scaled accordingly. Efficient computational methods for condensing and simplifying data are thus becoming vital for extracting actionable insights. In particular, while data summarization techniques have been studied extensively, only recently has summarizing interconnected data, or graphs, become popular. This survey is a structured, comprehensive overview of the state-of-the-art methods for summarizing graph data. We first broach the motivation behind and the challenges of graph summarization. We then categorize summarization approaches by the type of graphs taken as input and further organize each category by core methodology. Finally, we discuss applications of summarization on real-world graphs and conclude by describing some open problems in the field.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "29cc827b8990bed2b8fba1c974a51fdf",
"text": "The calibration parameters of a mobile robot play a substantial role in navigation tasks. Often these parameters are subject to variations that depend either on environmental changes or on the wear of the devices. In this paper, we propose an approach to simultaneously estimate a map of the environment, the position of the on-board sensors of the robot, and its kinematic parameters. Our method requires no prior knowledge about the environment and relies only on a rough initial guess of the platform parameters. The proposed approach performs on-line estimation of the parameters and it is able to adapt to non-stationary changes of the configuration. We tested our approach in simulated environments and on a wide range of real world data using different types of robotic platforms.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "9e6bfc7b5cc87f687a699c62da013083",
"text": "In order to establish low-cost and strongly-immersive desktop virtual experiment system, a solution based on Kinect and Unity3D engine technology was herein proposed, with a view to applying Kinect gesture recognition and triggering more spontaneous human-computer interactions in three-dimensional virtual environment. A kind of algorithm tailored to the detection of concave-convex points of fingers is put forward to identify various gestures and interaction semantics. In the context of Unity3D, Finite-State Machine (FSM) programming was applied in intelligent management for experimental logic tasks. A “Virtual Experiment System for Electrician Training” was designed and put into practice by these methods. The applications of “Lighting Circuit” module prove that these methods can be satisfyingly helpful to complete virtual experimental tasks and improve user experience. Compared with traditional WIMP interaction, Kinect somatosensory interaction is combined with Unity3D so that three-dimensional virtual system with strong immersion can be established.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "5068191083a9a14751b88793dd96e7d3",
"text": "The electric motor is the main component in an electrical vehicle. Its power density is directly influenced by the winding. For this reason, it is relevant to investigate the influences of coil production on the quality of the stator. The examined stator in this article is wound with the multi-wire needle winding technique. With this method, the placing of the wires can be precisely guided leading to small winding heads. To gain a high winding quality with small winding resistances, the control of the tensile force during the winding process is essential. The influence of the tensile force on the winding resistance during the winding process with the multiple needle winding technique will be presented here. To control the tensile force during the winding process, the stress on the wire during the winding process needs to be examined first. Thus a model will be presented to investigate the tensile force which realizes a coupling between the multibody dynamics simulation and the finite element methods with the software COMSOL Multiphysics®. With the results of the simulation, a new winding-trajectory based wire tension control can be implemented. Therefore, new strategies to control the tensile force during the process using a CAD/CAM approach will be presented in this paper.",
"title": ""
}
] | scidocsrr |
51f3961336efb81b85462a9fd239944b | A model for improved association of radar and camera objects in an indoor environment | [
{
"docid": "8e18fa3850177d016a85249555621723",
"text": "Obstacle fusion algorithms usually perform obstacle association and gating in order to improve the obstacle position if it was detected by multiple sensors. However, this strategy is not common in multi sensor occupancy grid fusion. Thus, the quality of the fused grid, in terms of obstacle position accuracy, largely depends on the sensor with the lowest accuracy. In this paper an efficient method to associate obstacles across sensor grids is proposed. Imprecise sensors are discounted locally in cells where a more accurate sensor, that detected the same obstacle, derived free space. Furthermore, fixed discount factors to optimize false negative and false positive rates are used. Because of its generic formulation with the covariance of each sensor grid, the method is scalable to any sensor setup. The quantitative evaluation with a highly precise navigation map shows an increased obstacle position accuracy compared to standard evidential occupancy grid fusion.",
"title": ""
}
] | [
{
"docid": "00eeceba7118e7a8a2f68deadc612f14",
"text": "I n the growing fields of wearable robotics, rehabilitation robotics, prosthetics, and walking robots, variable stiffness actuators (VSAs) or adjustable compliant actuators are being designed and implemented because of their ability to minimize large forces due to shocks, to safely interact with the user, and their ability to store and release energy in passive elastic elements. This review article describes the state of the art in the design of actuators with adaptable passive compliance. This new type of actuator is not preferred for classical position-controlled applications such as pick and place operations but is preferred in novel robots where safe human– robot interaction is required or in applications where energy efficiency must be increased by adapting the actuator’s resonance frequency. The working principles of the different existing designs are explained and compared. The designs are divided into four groups: equilibrium-controlled stiffness, antagonistic-controlled stiffness, structure-controlled stiffness (SCS), and mechanically controlled stiffness. In classical robotic applications, actuators are preferred to be as stiff as possible to make precise position movements or trajectory tracking control easier (faster systems with high bandwidth). The biological counterpart is the muscle that has superior functional performance and a neuromechanical control system that is much more advanced at adapting and tuning its parameters. The superior power-to-weight ratio, force-toweight ratio, compliance, and control of muscle, when compared with traditional robotic actuators, are the main barriers for the development of machines that can match the motion, safety, and energy efficiency of human or other animals. One of the key differences of these systems is the compliance or springlike behavior found in biological systems [1]. Although such compliant",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "b910de28ecbfa82713b30f5918eaae80",
"text": "Raman microscopy is a non-destructive technique requiring minimal sample preparation that can be used to measure the chemical properties of the mineral and collagen parts of bone simultaneously. Modern Raman instruments contain the necessary components and software to acquire the standard information required in most bone studies. The spatial resolution of the technique is about a micron. As it is non-destructive and small samples can be used, it forms a useful part of a bone characterisation toolbox.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "a84ee8a0f06e07abd53605bf5b542519",
"text": "Abeta peptide accumulation is thought to be the primary event in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD), with downstream neurotoxic effects including the hyperphosphorylation of tau protein. Glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) is increasingly implicated as playing a pivotal role in this amyloid cascade. We have developed an adult-onset Drosophila model of AD, using an inducible gene expression system to express Arctic mutant Abeta42 specifically in adult neurons, to avoid developmental effects. Abeta42 accumulated with age in these flies and they displayed increased mortality together with progressive neuronal dysfunction, but in the apparent absence of neuronal loss. This fly model can thus be used to examine the role of events during adulthood and early AD aetiology. Expression of Abeta42 in adult neurons increased GSK-3 activity, and inhibition of GSK-3 (either genetically or pharmacologically by lithium treatment) rescued Abeta42 toxicity. Abeta42 pathogenesis was also reduced by removal of endogenous fly tau; but, within the limits of detection of available methods, tau phosphorylation did not appear to be altered in flies expressing Abeta42. The GSK-3-mediated effects on Abeta42 toxicity appear to be at least in part mediated by tau-independent mechanisms, because the protective effect of lithium alone was greater than that of the removal of tau alone. Finally, Abeta42 levels were reduced upon GSK-3 inhibition, pointing to a direct role of GSK-3 in the regulation of Abeta42 peptide level, in the absence of APP processing. Our study points to the need both to identify the mechanisms by which GSK-3 modulates Abeta42 levels in the fly and to determine if similar mechanisms are present in mammals, and it supports the potential therapeutic use of GSK-3 inhibitors in AD.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "ceb270c07d26caec5bc20e7117690f9f",
"text": "Pesticides including insecticides and miticides are primarily used to regulate arthropod (insect and mite) pest populations in agricultural and horticultural crop production systems. However, continual reliance on pesticides may eventually result in a number of potential ecological problems including resistance, secondary pest outbreaks, and/or target pest resurgence [1,2]. Therefore, implementation of alternative management strategies is justified in order to preserve existing pesticides and produce crops with minimal damage from arthropod pests. One option that has gained interest by producers is integrating pesticides with biological control agents or natural enemies including parasitoids and predators [3]. This is often referred to as ‘compatibility,’ which is the ability to integrate or combine natural enemies with pesticides so as to regulate arthropod pest populations without directly or indirectly affecting the life history parameters or population dynamics of natural enemies [2,4]. This may also refer to pesticides being effective against targeted arthropod pests but relatively non-harmful to natural enemies [5,6].",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "16f75bcd060ae7a7b6f7c9c8412ca479",
"text": "Deep neural networks (DNNs) are powerful machine learning models and have succeeded in various artificial intelligence tasks. Although various architectures and modules for the DNNs have been proposed, selecting and designing the appropriate network structure for a target problem is a challenging task. In this paper, we propose a method to simultaneously optimize the network structure and weight parameters during neural network training. We consider a probability distribution that generates network structures, and optimize the parameters of the distribution instead of directly optimizing the network structure. The proposed method can apply to the various network structure optimization problems under the same framework. We apply the proposed method to several structure optimization problems such as selection of layers, selection of unit types, and selection of connections using the MNIST, CIFAR-10, and CIFAR-100 datasets. The experimental results show that the proposed method can find the appropriate and competitive network structures.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "ac9f71a97f6af0718587ffd0ea92d31d",
"text": "Modern cyber-physical systems are complex networked computing systems that electronically control physical systems. Autonomous road vehicles are an important and increasingly ubiquitous instance. Unfortunately, their increasing complexity often leads to security vulnerabilities. Network connectivity exposes these vulnerable systems to remote software attacks that can result in real-world physical damage, including vehicle crashes and loss of control authority. We introduce an integrated architecture to provide provable security and safety assurance for cyber-physical systems by ensuring that safety-critical operations and control cannot be unintentionally affected by potentially malicious parts of the system. Finegrained information flow control is used to design both hardware and software, determining how low-integrity information can affect high-integrity control decisions. This security assurance is used to improve end-to-end security across the entire cyber-physical system. We demonstrate this integrated approach by developing a mobile robotic testbed modeling a self-driving system and testing it with a malicious attack. ACM Reference Format: Jed Liu, Joe Corbett-Davies, Andrew Ferraiuolo, Alexander Ivanov, Mulong Luo, G. Edward Suh, Andrew C. Myers, and Mark Campbell. 2018. Secure Autonomous Cyber-Physical Systems Through Verifiable Information Flow Control. InWorkshop on Cyber-Physical Systems Security & Privacy (CPS-SPC ’18), October 19, 2018, Toronto, ON, Canada. ACM, New York, NY, USA, 12 pages. https://doi.org/10.1145/3264888.3264889",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "0afd0f70859772054e589a2256efeba4",
"text": "Hair is typically modeled and rendered using either explicitly defined hair strand geometry or a volume texture of hair densities. Taken each on their own, these two hair representations have difficulties in the case of animal fur as it consists of very dense and thin undercoat hairs in combination with coarse guard hairs. Explicit hair strand geometry is not well-suited for the undercoat hairs, while volume textures are not well-suited for the guard hairs. To efficiently model and render both guard hairs and undercoat hairs, we present a hybrid technique that combines rasterization of explicitly defined guard hairs with ray marching of a prismatic shell volume with dynamic resolution. The latter is the key to practical combination of the two techniques, and it also enables a high degree of detail in the undercoat. We demonstrate that our hybrid technique creates a more detailed and soft fur appearance as compared with renderings that only use explicitly defined hair strands. Finally, our rasterization approach is based on order-independent transparency and renders high-quality fur images in seconds.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "ab70c8814c0e15695c8142ce8aad69bc",
"text": "Domain-oriented dialogue systems are often faced with users that try to cross the limits of their knowledge, by unawareness of its domain limitations or simply to test their capacity. These interactions are considered to be Out-Of-Domain and several strategies can be found in the literature to deal with some specific situations. Since if a certain input appears once, it has a non-zero probability of being entered later, the idea of taking advantage of real human interactions to feed these dialogue systems emerges, thus, naturally. In this paper, we introduce the SubTle Corpus, a corpus of Interaction-Response pairs extracted from subtitles files, created to help dialogue systems to deal with Out-of-Domain interactions.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "d75ebc4041927b525d8f4937c760518e",
"text": "Most current term frequency normalization approaches for information retrieval involve the use of parameters. The tuning of these parameters has an important impact on the overall performance of the information retrieval system. Indeed, a small variation in the involved parameter(s) could lead to an important variation in the precision/recall values. Most current tuning approaches are dependent on the document collections. As a consequence, the effective parameter value cannot be obtained for a given new collection without extensive training data. In this paper, we propose a novel and robust method for the tuning of term frequency normalization parameter(s), by measuring the normalization effect on the within document frequency of the query terms. As an illustration, we apply our method on Amati \\& Van Rijsbergen's so-called normalization 2. The experiments for the ad-hoc TREC-6,7,8 tasks and TREC-8,9,10 Web tracks show that the new method is independent of the collections and able to provide reliable and good performance.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "ee82b52d5a0bc28a0a8e78e09da09340",
"text": "AIMS\nExcessive internet use is becoming a concern, and some have proposed that it may involve addiction. We evaluated the dimensions assessed by, and psychometric properties of, a range of questionnaires purporting to assess internet addiction.\n\n\nMETHODS\nFourteen questionnaires were identified purporting to assess internet addiction among adolescents and adults published between January 1993 and October 2011. Their reported dimensional structure, construct, discriminant and convergent validity and reliability were assessed, as well as the methods used to derive these.\n\n\nRESULTS\nMethods used to evaluate internet addiction questionnaires varied considerably. Three dimensions of addiction predominated: compulsive use (79%), negative outcomes (86%) and salience (71%). Less common were escapism (21%), withdrawal symptoms (36%) and other dimensions. Measures of validity and reliability were found to be within normally acceptable limits.\n\n\nCONCLUSIONS\nThere is a broad convergence of questionnaires purporting to assess internet addiction suggesting that compulsive use, negative outcome and salience should be covered and the questionnaires show adequate psychometric properties. However, the methods used to evaluate the questionnaires vary widely and possible factors contributing to excessive use such as social motivation do not appear to be covered.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "ad8a727d0e3bd11cd972373451b90fe7",
"text": "The loss functions of deep neural networks are complex and their geometric properties are not well understood. We show that the optima of these complex loss functions are in fact connected by simple curves over which training and test accuracy are nearly constant. We introduce a training procedure to discover these high-accuracy pathways between modes. Inspired by this new geometric insight, we also propose a new ensembling method entitled Fast Geometric Ensembling (FGE). Using FGE we can train high-performing ensembles in the time required to train a single model. We achieve improved performance compared to the recent state-of-the-art Snapshot Ensembles, on CIFAR-10, CIFAR-100, and ImageNet.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "b160d69d87ad113286ee432239b090d7",
"text": "Isogeometric analysis has been proposed as a methodology for bridging the gap between computer aided design (CAD) and finite element analysis (FEA). Although both the traditional and isogeometric pipelines rely upon the same conceptualization to solid model steps, they drastically differ in how they bring the solid model both to and through the analysis process. The isogeometric analysis process circumvents many of the meshing pitfalls experienced by the traditional pipeline by working directly within the approximation spaces used by the model representation. In this paper, we demonstrate that in a similar way as how mesh quality is used in traditional FEA to help characterize the impact of the mesh on analysis, an analogous concept of model quality exists within isogeometric analysis. The consequence of these observations is the need for a new area within modeling – analysis-aware modeling – in which model properties and parameters are selected to facilitate isogeometric analysis. ! 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "dfbf5c12d8e5a8e5e81de5d51f382185",
"text": "Demand response (DR) is very important in the future smart grid, aiming to encourage consumers to reduce their demand during peak load hours. However, if binary decision variables are needed to specify start-up time of a particular appliance, the resulting mixed integer combinatorial problem is in general difficult to solve. In this paper, we study a versatile convex programming (CP) DR optimization framework for the automatic load management of various household appliances in a smart home. In particular, an L1 regularization technique is proposed to deal with schedule-based appliances (SAs), for which their on/off statuses are governed by binary decision variables. By relaxing these variables from integer to continuous values, the problem is reformulated as a new CP problem with an additional L1 regularization term in the objective. This allows us to transform the original mixed integer problem into a standard CP problem. Its major advantage is that the overall DR optimization problem remains to be convex and therefore the solution can be found efficiently. Moreover, a wide variety of appliances with different characteristics can be flexibly incorporated. Simulation result shows that the energy scheduling of SAs and other appliances can be determined simultaneously using the proposed CP formulation.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "750c67fe63611248e8d8798a42ac282c",
"text": "Chaos and its drive-response synchronization for a fractional-order cellular neural networks (CNN) are studied. It is found that chaos exists in the fractional-order system with six-cell. The phase synchronisation of drive and response chaotic trajectories is investigated after that. These works based on Lyapunov exponents (LE), Lyapunov stability theory and numerical solving fractional-order system in Matlab environment.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "cfaf2c04cd06103489ac60d00a70cd2c",
"text": "BACKGROUND\nΔ(9)-Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), 11-nor-9-carboxy-THC (THCCOOH), and cannabinol (CBN) were measured in breath following controlled cannabis smoking to characterize the time course and windows of detection of breath cannabinoids.\n\n\nMETHODS\nExhaled breath was collected from chronic (≥4 times per week) and occasional (<twice per week) smokers before and after smoking a 6.8% THC cigarette. Sample analysis included methanol extraction from breath pads, solid-phase extraction, and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry quantification.\n\n\nRESULTS\nTHC was the major cannabinoid in breath; no sample contained THCCOOH and only 1 contained CBN. Among chronic smokers (n = 13), all breath samples were positive for THC at 0.89 h, 76.9% at 1.38 h, and 53.8% at 2.38 h, and only 1 sample was positive at 4.2 h after smoking. Among occasional smokers (n = 11), 90.9% of breath samples were THC-positive at 0.95 h and 63.6% at 1.49 h. One occasional smoker had no detectable THC. Analyte recovery from breath pads by methanolic extraction was 84.2%-97.4%. Limits of quantification were 50 pg/pad for THC and CBN and 100 pg/pad for THCCOOH. Solid-phase extraction efficiency was 46.6%-52.1% (THC) and 76.3%-83.8% (THCCOOH, CBN). Matrix effects were -34.6% to 12.3%. Cannabinoids fortified onto breath pads were stable (≤18.2% concentration change) for 8 h at room temperature and -20°C storage for 6 months.\n\n\nCONCLUSIONS\nBreath may offer an alternative matrix for identifying recent driving under the influence of cannabis, but currently sensitivity is limited to a short detection window (0.5-2 h).",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "599c2f4205f3a0978d0567658daf8be6",
"text": "With increasing audio/video service consumption through unmanaged IP networks, HTTP adaptive streaming techniques have emerged to handle bandwidth limitations and variations. But while it is becoming common to serve multiple clients in one home network, these solutions do not adequately address fine tuned quality arbitration between the multiple streams. While clients compete for bandwidth, the video suffers unstable conditions and/or inappropriate bit-rate levels.\n We hereby experiment a mechanism based on traffic chapping that allow bandwidth arbitration to be implemented in the home gateway, first determining desirable target bit-rates to be reached by each stream and then constraining the clients to stay within their limits. This enables the delivery of optimal quality of experience to the maximum number of users. This approach is validated through experimentation, and results are shown through a set of objective measurement criteria.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "7f73952f3dfb445fd700d951a013595e",
"text": "Although parallel and convergent evolution are discussed extensively in technical articles and textbooks, their meaning can be overlapping, imprecise, and contradictory. The meaning of parallel evolution in much of the evolutionary literature grapples with two separate hypotheses in relation to phenotype and genotype, but often these two hypotheses have been inferred from only one hypothesis, and a number of subsidiary but problematic criteria, in relation to the phenotype. However, examples of parallel evolution of genetic traits that underpin or are at least associated with convergent phenotypes are now emerging. Four criteria for distinguishing parallelism from convergence are reviewed. All are found to be incompatible with any single proposition of homoplasy. Therefore, all homoplasy is equivalent to a broad view of convergence. Based on this concept, all phenotypic homoplasy can be described as convergence and all genotypic homoplasy as parallelism, which can be viewed as the equivalent concept of convergence for molecular data. Parallel changes of molecular traits may or may not be associated with convergent phenotypes but if so describe homoplasy at two biological levels-genotype and phenotype. Parallelism is not an alternative to convergence, but rather it entails homoplastic genetics that can be associated with and potentially explain, at the molecular level, how convergent phenotypes evolve.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "d59d1ac7b3833ee1e60f7179a4a9af99",
"text": "s Cloud computing moved away from personal computers and the individual enterprise application server to services provided by the cloud of computers. The emergence of cloud computing has made a tremendous impact on the Information Technology (IT) industry over the past few years. Currently IT industry needs Cloud computing services to provide best opportunities to real world. Cloud computing is in initial stages, with many issues still to be addressed. The objective of this paper is to explore the different issues of cloud computing and identify important research opportunities in this increasingly important area. We present different design challenges categorized under security challenges, Data Challenges, Performance challenges and other Design Challenges. GJCST Classification : C.1.4, C.2.1 Research Issues in Cloud Computing Strictly as per the compliance and regulations of: Research Issues in Cloud Computing V. Krishna Reddy , B. Thirumala Rao , Dr. L.S.S. Reddy , P. Sai Kiran ABSTRACT : Cloud computing moved away from personal computers and the individual enterprise application server to services provided by the cloud of computers. The emergence of cloud computing has made a tremendous impact on the Information Technology (IT) industry over the past few years. Currently IT industry needs Cloud computing services to provide best opportunities to real world. Cloud computing is in initial stages, with many issues still to be addressed. The objective of this paper is to explore the different issues of cloud computing and identify important research opportunities in this increasingly important area. We present different design challenges categorized under security challenges, Data Challenges, Performance challenges and other Design Challenges. Cloud computing moved away from personal computers and the individual enterprise application server to services provided by the cloud of computers. The emergence of cloud computing has made a tremendous impact on the Information Technology (IT) industry over the past few years. Currently IT industry needs Cloud computing services to provide best opportunities to real world. Cloud computing is in initial stages, with many issues still to be addressed. The objective of this paper is to explore the different issues of cloud computing and identify important research opportunities in this increasingly important area. We present different design challenges categorized under security challenges, Data Challenges, Performance challenges and other Design Challenges.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "b3d1780cb8187e5993c5adbb7959b7a6",
"text": "We present impacto, a device designed to render the haptic sensation of hitting or being hit in virtual reality. The key idea that allows the small and light impacto device to simulate a strong hit is that it decomposes the stimulus: it renders the tactile aspect of being hit by tapping the skin using a solenoid; it adds impact to the hit by thrusting the user's arm backwards using electrical muscle stimulation. The device is self-contained, wireless, and small enough for wearable use, thus leaves the user unencumbered and able to walk around freely in a virtual environment. The device is of generic shape, allowing it to also be worn on legs, so as to enhance the experience of kicking, or merged into props, such as a baseball bat. We demonstrate how to assemble multiple impacto units into a simple haptic suit. Participants of our study rated impact simulated using impacto's combination of solenoid hit and electrical muscle stimulation as more realistic than either technique in isolation.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "c7b7ca49ea887c25b05485e346b5b537",
"text": "I n our last article 1 we described the external features which characterize the cranial and facial structures of the cranial strains known as hyperflexion and hyperextension. To understand how these strains develop we have to examine the anatomical relations underlying all cranial patterns. Each strain represent a variation on a theme. By studying the features in common, it is possible to account for the facial and dental consequences of these variations. The key is the spheno-basilar symphysis and the displacements which can take place between the occiput and the sphenoid at that suture. In hyperflexion there is shortening of the cranium in an antero-posterior direction with a subsequent upward buckling of the spheno-basilar symphysis (Figure 1). In children, where the cartilage of the joint has not ossified, a v-shaped wedge can be seen occasionally on the lateral skull radiograph (Figure 2). Figure (3a) is of the cranial base seen from a vertex viewpoint. By leaving out the temporal bones the connection between the centrally placed spheno-basilar symphysis and the peripheral structures of the cranium can be seen more easily. Sutherland realized that the cranium could be divided into quadrants (Figure 3b) centered on the spheno-basilar symphysis and that what happens in each quadrant is directly influenced by the spheno-basilar symphysis. He noted that accompanying the vertical changes at the symphysis there are various lateral displacements. As the peripheral structures move laterally, this is known as external rotation. If they move closer to the midline, this is called internal rotation. It is not unusual to have one side of the face externally rotated and the other side internally rotated (Figure 4a). This can have a significant effect in the mouth, giving rise to asymmetries (Figure 4b). This shows a palatal view of the maxilla with the left posterior dentition externally rotated and the right buccal posterior segment internally rotated, reflecting the internal rotation of the whole right side of the face. This can be seen in hyperflexion but also other strains. With this background, it is now appropriate to examine in detail the cranial strain known as hyperflexion. As its name implies, it is brought about by an exaggeration of the flexion/ extension movement of the cranium into flexion. Rhythmic movement of the cranium continues despite the displacement into flexion, but it does so more readily into flexion than extension. As the skull is shortened in an antero-posterior plane, it is widened laterally. Figures 3a and 3b. 3a: cranial base from a vertex view (temporal bones left out). 3b: Sutherland’s quadrants imposed on cranial base. Figure 2. Lateral Skull Radiograph of Hyperflexion patient. Note V-shaped wedge at superior border of the spheno-basillar symphysis. Figure 1. Movement of Occiput and Sphenold in Hyperflexion. Reprinted from Orthopedic Gnathology, Hockel, J., Ed. 1983. With permission from Quintessence Publishing Co.",
"title": ""
}
] | scidocsrr |
bf196c07caa42433785f19ffcfa75c80 | Artificial Neural Networks ’ Applications in Management | [
{
"docid": "267f3d176f849bf24dfab7e78d93b153",
"text": "The long-running debate between the ‘rational design’ and ‘emergent process’ schools of strategy formation has involved caricatures of firms’ strategic planning processes, but little empirical evidence of whether and how companies plan. Despite the presumption that environmental turbulence renders conventional strategic planning all but impossible, the evidence from the corporate sector suggests that reports of the demise of strategic planning are greatly exaggerated. The goal of this paper is to fill this empirical gap by describing the characteristics of the strategic planning systems of multinational, multibusiness companies faced with volatile, unpredictable business environments. In-depth case studies of the planning systems of eight of the world’s largest oil companies identified fundamental changes in the nature and role of strategic planning since the end of the 1970s. The findings point to a possible reconciliation of ‘design’ and ‘process’ approaches to strategy formulation. The study pointed to a process of planned emergence in which strategic planning systems provided a mechanism for coordinating decentralized strategy formulation within a structure of demanding performance targets and clear corporate guidelines. The study shows that these planning systems fostered adaptation and responsiveness, but showed limited innovation and analytical sophistication. Copyright 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.",
"title": ""
}
] | [
{
"docid": "7456842efeebb480c21974f78aea2a9f",
"text": "Connectionist networks that have learned one task can be reused on related tasks in a process that is called \"transfer\". This paper surveys recent work on transfer. A number of distinctions between kinds of transfer are identified, and future directions for research are explored. The study of transfer has a long history in cognitive science. Discoveries about transfer in human cognition can inform applied efforts. Advances in applications can also inform cognitive studies.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "b1202b110ae83980a71b14d9d6fd65cb",
"text": "In modern daily life people need to move, whether in business or leisure, sightseeing or addressing a meeting. Often this is done in familiar environments, but in some cases we need to find our way in unfamiliar scenarios. Visual impairment is a factor that greatly reduces mobility. Currently, the most widespread and used means by the visually impaired people are the white stick and the guide dog; however both present some limitations. With the recent advances in inclusive technology it is possible to extend the support given to people with visual impairment during their mobility. In this context we propose a system, named SmartVision, whose global objective is to give blind users the ability to move around in unfamiliar environments, whether indoor or outdoor, through a user friendly interface that is fed by a geographic information system (GIS). In this paper we propose the development of an electronic white cane that helps moving around, in both indoor and outdoor environments, providing contextualized geographical information using RFID technology.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "c020a3ba9a2615cb5ed9a7e9d5aa3ce0",
"text": "Neural network approaches to Named-Entity Recognition reduce the need for carefully handcrafted features. While some features do remain in state-of-the-art systems, lexical features have been mostly discarded, with the exception of gazetteers. In this work, we show that this is unfair: lexical features are actually quite useful. We propose to embed words and entity types into a lowdimensional vector space we train from annotated data produced by distant supervision thanks to Wikipedia. From this, we compute — offline — a feature vector representing each word. When used with a vanilla recurrent neural network model, this representation yields substantial improvements. We establish a new state-of-the-art F1 score of 87.95 on ONTONOTES 5.0, while matching state-of-the-art performance with a F1 score of 91.73 on the over-studied CONLL-2003 dataset.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "5d154a62b22415cbedd165002853315b",
"text": "Unaccompanied immigrant children are a highly vulnerable population, but research into their mental health and psychosocial context remains limited. This study elicited lawyers’ perceptions of the mental health needs of unaccompanied children in U.S. deportation proceedings and their mental health referral practices with this population. A convenience sample of 26 lawyers who work with unaccompanied children completed a semi-structured, online survey. Lawyers surveyed frequently had mental health concerns about their unaccompanied child clients, used clinical and lay terminology to describe symptoms, referred for both expert testimony and treatment purposes, frequently encountered barriers to accessing appropriate services, and expressed interest in mental health training. The results of this study suggest a complex intersection between the legal and mental health needs of unaccompanied children, and the need for further research and improved service provision in support of their wellbeing.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "5bb63d07c8d7c743c505e6fd7df3dc4f",
"text": "XML similarity evaluation has become a central issue in the database and information communities, its applications ranging over document clustering, version control, data integration and ranked retrieval. Various algorithms for comparing hierarchically structured data, XML documents in particular, have been proposed in the literature. Most of them make use of techniques for finding the edit distance between tree structures, XML documents being commonly modeled as Ordered Labeled Trees. Yet, a thorough investigation of current approaches led us to identify several similarity aspects, i.e., sub-tree related structural and semantic similarities, which are not sufficiently addressed while comparing XML documents. In this paper, we provide an integrated and fine-grained comparison framework to deal with both structural and semantic similarities in XML documents (detecting the occurrences and repetitions of structurally and semantically similar sub-trees), and to allow the end-user to adjust the comparison process according to her requirements. Our framework consists of four main modules for i) discovering the structural commonalities between sub-trees, ii) identifying sub-tree semantic resemblances, iii) computing tree-based edit operations costs, and iv) computing tree edit distance. Experimental results demonstrate higher comparison accuracy with respect to alternative methods, while timing experiments reflect the impact of semantic similarity on overall system performance. © 2002 Elsevier Science. All rights reserved.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "5eea47089f84c915005c40547712c617",
"text": "Current views on the neurobiological underpinnings of language are discussed that deviate in a number of ways from the classical Wernicke-Lichtheim-Geschwind model. More areas than Broca's and Wernicke's region are involved in language. Moreover, a division along the axis of language production and language comprehension does not seem to be warranted. Instead, for central aspects of language processing neural infrastructure is shared between production and comprehension. Three different accounts of the role of Broca's area in language are discussed. Arguments are presented in favor of a dynamic network view, in which the functionality of a region is co-determined by the network of regions in which it is embedded at particular moments in time. Finally, core regions of language processing need to interact with other networks (e.g. the attentional networks and the ToM network) to establish full functionality of language and communication.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "d2d16580335dcff2f0d05ca8a43438ef",
"text": "Evolutionary adaptation can be rapid and potentially help species counter stressful conditions or realize ecological opportunities arising from climate change. The challenges are to understand when evolution will occur and to identify potential evolutionary winners as well as losers, such as species lacking adaptive capacity living near physiological limits. Evolutionary processes also need to be incorporated into management programmes designed to minimize biodiversity loss under rapid climate change. These challenges can be met through realistic models of evolutionary change linked to experimental data across a range of taxa.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "7304805b7f5f8d22ef9f3ce02f8954e6",
"text": "A novel inductor switching technique is used to design and implement a wideband LC voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) in 0.13µm CMOS. The VCO has a tuning range of 87.2% between 3.3 and 8.4 GHz with phase noise ranging from −122 to −117.2 dBc/Hz at 1MHz offset. The power varies between 6.5 and 15.4 mW over the tuning range. This results in a Power-Frequency-Tuning Normalized figure of merit (PFTN) between 6.6 and 10.2 dB which is one of the best reported to date.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "c1ee5f717481652d91431f647401d6d2",
"text": "Cluster ensembles have recently emerged as a powerful alternative to standard cluster analysis, aggregating several input data clusterings to generate a single output clustering, with improved robustness and stability. From the early work, these techniques held great promise; however, most of them generate the final solution based on incomplete information of a cluster ensemble. The underlying ensemble-information matrix reflects only cluster-data point relations, while those among clusters are generally overlooked. This paper presents a new link-based approach to improve the conventional matrix. It achieves this using the similarity between clusters that are estimated from a link network model of the ensemble. In particular, three new link-based algorithms are proposed for the underlying similarity assessment. The final clustering result is generated from the refined matrix using two different consensus functions of feature-based and graph-based partitioning. This approach is the first to address and explicitly employ the relationship between input partitions, which has not been emphasized by recent studies of matrix refinement. The effectiveness of the link-based approach is empirically demonstrated over 10 data sets (synthetic and real) and three benchmark evaluation measures. The results suggest the new approach is able to efficiently extract information embedded in the input clusterings, and regularly illustrate higher clustering quality in comparison to several state-of-the-art techniques.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "c435c4106b1b5c90fe3ff607bc0d5f00",
"text": "In recent years, we have witnessed a significant growth of “social computing” services, or online communities where users contribute content in various forms, including images, text or video. Content contribution from members is critical to the viability of these online communities. It is therefore important to understand what drives users to share content with others in such settings. We extend previous literature on user contribution by studying the factors that are associated with users’ photo sharing in an online community, drawing on motivation theories as well as on analysis of basic structural properties. Our results indicate that photo sharing declines in respect to the users’ tenure in the community. We also show that users with higher commitment to the community and greater “structural embeddedness” tend to share more content. We demonstrate that the motivation of self-development is negatively related to photo sharing, and that tenure in the community moderates the effect of self-development on photo sharing. Directions for future research, as well as implications for theory and practice are discussed.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "7e97f234801829afff4d11686428f59f",
"text": "Prior research has linked mindfulness to improvements in attention, and suggested that the effects of mindfulness are particularly pronounced when individuals are cognitively depleted or stressed. Yet, no studies have tested whether mindfulness improves declarative awareness of unexpected stimuli in goal-directed tasks. Participants (N=794) were either depleted (or not) and subsequently underwent a brief mindfulness induction (or not). They then completed an inattentional blindness task during which an unexpected distractor appeared on the computer monitor. This task was used to assess declarative conscious awareness of the unexpected distractor's presence and the extent to which its perceptual properties were encoded. Mindfulness increased awareness of the unexpected distractor (i.e., reduced rates of inattentional blindness). Contrary to predictions, no mindfulness×depletion interaction emerged. Depletion however, increased perceptual encoding of the distractor. These results suggest that mindfulness may foster awareness of unexpected stimuli (i.e., reduce inattentional blindness).",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "c721f79d7c20210b4ee388ecb75f241f",
"text": "The noble aim behind this project is to study and capture the Natural Eye movement detection and trying to apply it as assisting application for paralyzed patients those who cannot speak or use hands such disease as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Guillain-Barre Syndrome, quadriplegia & heniiparesis. Using electrophySiological genereted by the voluntary contradictions of the muscles around the eye. The proposed system which is based on the design and application of an electrooculogram (EOG) based an efficient human–computer interface (HCI). Establishing an alternative channel without speaking and hand movements is important in increasing the quality of life for the handicapped. EOG-based systems are more efficient than electroencephalogram (EEG)-based systems as easy acquisition, higher amplitude, and also easily classified. By using a realized virtual keyboard like graphical user interface, it is possible to notify in writing the needs of the patient in a relatively short time. Considering the bio potential measurement pitfalls, the novel EOG-based HCI system allows people to successfully communicate with their environment by using only eye movements. [1] Classifying horizontal and vertical EOG channel signals in an efficient interface is realized in this study. The nearest neighbourhood algorithm will be use to classify the signals. The novel EOG-based HCI system allows people to successfully and economically communicate with their environment by using only eye movements. [2] An Electrooculography is a method of tracking the ocular movement, based on the voltage changes that occur due to the medications on the special orientation of the eye dipole. The resulting signal has a myriad of possible applications. [2] In this dissertation phase one, the goal was to study the Eye movements and respective signal generation, EOG signal acquisition and also study of a Man-Machine Interface that made use of this signal. As per our goal we studied eye movements and design simple EOG acquisition circuit. We got efficient signal output in oscilloscope. I sure that result up to present stage will definitely leads us towards designing of novel assisting device for paralyzed patients. Thus, we set out to create an interface will be use by mobility impaired patients, allowing them to use their eyes to call nurse or attended person and some other requests. Keywords— Electro Oculogram, Natural Eye movement Detection, EOG acquisition & signal conditioning, Eye based Computer interface GUI, Paralysed assisting device, Eye movement recognization",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "67c8047fbb9e027f92910c4a4f93347a",
"text": "Mastocytosis is a rare, heterogeneous disease of complex etiology, characterized by a marked increase in mast cell density in the skin, bone marrow, liver, spleen, gastrointestinal mucosa and lymph nodes. The most frequent site of organ involvement is the skin. Cutaneous lesions include urticaria pigmentosa, mastocytoma, diffuse and erythematous cutaneous mastocytosis, and telangiectasia macularis eruptiva perstans. Human mast cells originate from CD34 progenitors, under the influence of stem cell factor (SCF); a substantial number of patients exhibit activating mutations in c-kit, the receptor for SCF. Mast cells can synthesize a variety of cytokines that could affect the skeletal system, increasing perforating bone resorption and leading to osteoporosis. The coexistence of hematologic disorders, such as myeloproliferative or myelodysplastic syndromes, or of lymphoreticular malignancies, is common. Compared with radiographs, Tc-99m methylenediphosphonate (MDP) scintigraphy is better able to show the widespread skeletal involvement in patients with diffuse disease. T1-weighted MR imaging is a sensitive technique for detecting marrow abnormalities in patients with systemic mastocytosis, showing several different patterns of marrow involvement. We report the imaging findings a 36-year old male with well-documented urticaria pigmentosa. In order to evaluate mastocytic bone marrow involvement, 99mTc-MDP scintigraphy, T1-weighted spin echo and short tau inversion recovery MRI at 1.0 T, were performed. Both scan findings were consistent with marrow hyperactivity. Thus, the combined use of bone scan and MRI may be useful in order to recognize marrow involvement in suspected systemic mastocytosis, perhaps avoiding bone biopsy.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "6a3cc8319b7a195ce7ec05a70ad48c7a",
"text": "Image caption generation is the problem of generating a descriptive sentence of an image. Automatically describing the content of an image is a fundamental problem in artificial intelligence that connects computer vision and natural language processing. This paper presents a brief survey of some technical aspects and methods for description-generation of images. As there has been great interest in research community, to come up with automatic ways to retrieve images based on content. There are numbers of techniques, that, have been used to solve this problem, and purpose of this paper is to have an overview of many of these approaches and databases used for description generation purpose. Finally, we discuss open challenges and future directions for upcoming researchers.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "85cf0bddbedc5836f41033a16274c1e2",
"text": "Intuitively, for a training sample xi with its associated label yi, a deep model is getting closer to the correct answer in the higher layers. It starts with the difficult job of classifying xi, which becomes easier as the higher layers distill xi into a representation that is easier to classify. One might be tempted to say that this means that the higher layers have more information about the ground truth, but this would be incorrect.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "6f0faf1a90d9f9b19fb2e122a26a0f77",
"text": "Social media shatters the barrier to communicate anytime anywhere for people of all walks of life. The publicly available, virtually free information in social media poses a new challenge to consumers who have to discern whether a piece of information published in social media is reliable. For example, it can be difficult to understand the motivations behind a statement passed from one user to another, without knowing the person who originated the message. Additionally, false information can be propagated through social media, resulting in embarrassment or irreversible damages. Provenance data associated with a social media statement can help dispel rumors, clarify opinions, and confirm facts. However, provenance data about social media statements is not readily available to users today. Currently, providing this data to users requires changing the social media infrastructure or offering subscription services. Taking advantage of social media features, research in this nascent field spearheads the search for a way to provide provenance data to social media users, thus leveraging social media itself by mining it for the provenance data. Searching for provenance data reveals an interesting problem space requiring the development and application of new metrics in order to provide meaningful provenance data to social media users. This lecture reviews the current research on information provenance, explores exciting research opportunities to address pressing needs, and shows how data mining can enable a social media user to make informed judgements about statements published in social media.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "3a18976245cfc4b50e97aadf304ef913",
"text": "Key-Value Stores (KVS) are becoming increasingly popular because they scale up and down elastically, sustain high throughputs for get/put workloads and have low latencies. KVS owe these advantages to their simplicity. This simplicity, however, comes at a cost: It is expensive to process complex, analytical queries on top of a KVS because today’s generation of KVS does not support an efficient way to scan the data. The problem is that there are conflicting goals when designing a KVS for analytical queries and for simple get/put workloads: Analytical queries require high locality and a compact representation of data whereas elastic get/put workloads require sparse indexes. This paper shows that it is possible to have it all, with reasonable compromises. We studied the KVS design space and built TellStore, a distributed KVS, that performs almost as well as state-of-the-art KVS for get/put workloads and orders of magnitude better for analytical and mixed workloads. This paper presents the results of comprehensive experiments with an extended version of the YCSB benchmark and a workload from the telecommunication industry.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "5d35e34a5db727917e5105f857c174be",
"text": "Human face feature extraction using digital images is a vital element for several applications such as: identification and facial recognition, medical application, video games, cosmetology, etc. The skin pores are very important element of the structure of the skin. A novelty method is proposed allowing decomposing an photography of human face from digital image (RGB) in two layers, melanin and hemoglobin. From melanin layer, the main pores from the face can be obtained, as well as the centroids of each of them. It has been found that the pore configuration of the skin is invariant and unique for each individual. Therefore, from the localization of the pores of a human face, it is a possibility to use them for diverse application in the fields of pattern",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "9779a5ac2ada20f0ccd5751b0784e9cc",
"text": "Early-stage romantic love can induce euphoria, is a cross-cultural phenomenon, and is possibly a developed form of a mammalian drive to pursue preferred mates. It has an important influence on social behaviors that have reproductive and genetic consequences. To determine which reward and motivation systems may be involved, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging and studied 10 women and 7 men who were intensely \"in love\" from 1 to 17 mo. Participants alternately viewed a photograph of their beloved and a photograph of a familiar individual, interspersed with a distraction-attention task. Group activation specific to the beloved under the two control conditions occurred in dopamine-rich areas associated with mammalian reward and motivation, namely the right ventral tegmental area and the right postero-dorsal body and medial caudate nucleus. Activation in the left ventral tegmental area was correlated with facial attractiveness scores. Activation in the right anteromedial caudate was correlated with questionnaire scores that quantified intensity of romantic passion. In the left insula-putamen-globus pallidus, activation correlated with trait affect intensity. The results suggest that romantic love uses subcortical reward and motivation systems to focus on a specific individual, that limbic cortical regions process individual emotion factors, and that there is localization heterogeneity for reward functions in the human brain.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "503756888df43d745e4fb5051f8855fb",
"text": "The widespread use of email has raised serious privacy concerns. A critical issue is how to prevent email information leaks, i.e., when a message is accidentally addressed to non-desired recipients. This is an increasingly common problem that can severely harm individuals and corporations — for instance, a single email leak can potentially cause expensive law suits, brand reputation damage, negotiation setbacks and severe financial losses. In this paper we present the first attempt to solve this problem. We begin by redefining it as an outlier detection task, where the unintended recipients are the outliers. Then we combine real email examples (from the Enron Corpus) with carefully simulated leak-recipients to learn textual and network patterns associated with email leaks. This method was able to detect email leaks in almost 82% of the test cases, significantly outperforming all other baselines. More importantly, in a separate set of experiments we applied the proposed method to the task of finding real cases of email leaks. The result was encouraging: a variation of the proposed technique was consistently successful in finding two real cases of email leaks. Not only does this paper introduce the important problem of email leak detection, but also presents an effective solution that can be easily implemented in any email client — with no changes in the email server side.",
"title": ""
}
] | scidocsrr |
a98cccbdc5cbdfc539a8746fcb96cdf7 | Radar Cross Section Reduction of a Microstrip Antenna Based on Polarization Conversion Metamaterial | [
{
"docid": "6545ea7d281be5528d9217f3b891a5da",
"text": "In this paper, a novel metamaterial absorber working in the C band frequency range has been proposed to reduce the in-band Radar Cross Section (RCS) of a typical planar antenna. The absorber is first designed in the shape of a hexagonal ring structure having dipoles at the corresponding arms of the rings. The various geometrical parameters of the proposed metamaterial structure have first been optimized using the numerical simulator, and the structure is fabricated and tested. In the second step, the metamaterial absorber is loaded on a microstrip patch antenna working in the same frequency band as that of the metamaterial absorber to reduce the in-band Radar Cross Section (RCS) of the antenna. The prototype is simulated, fabricated and tested. The simulated results show the 99% absorption of the absorber at 6.35 GHz which is in accordance with the measured data. A close agreement between the simulated and the measured results shows that the proposed absorber can be used for the RCS reduction of the planar antenna in order to improve its in-band stealth performance.",
"title": ""
}
] | [
{
"docid": "543dc9543221b507746ebf1fe8d14928",
"text": "Mixture modeling is a widely applied data analysis technique used to identify unobserved heterogeneity in a population. Despite mixture models’ usefulness in practice, one unresolved issue in the application of mixture models is that there is not one commonly accepted statistical indicator for deciding on the number of classes in a study population. This article presents the results of a simulation study that examines the performance of likelihood-based tests and the traditionally used Information Criterion (ICs) used for determining the number of classes in mixture modeling. We look at the performance of these tests and indexes for 3 types of mixture models: latent class analysis (LCA), a factor mixture model (FMA), and a growth mixture models (GMM). We evaluate the ability of the tests and indexes to correctly identify the number of classes at three different sample sizes (n D 200, 500, 1,000). Whereas the Bayesian Information Criterion performed the best of the ICs, the bootstrap likelihood ratio test proved to be a very consistent indicator of classes across all of the models considered.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "ee223b75a3a99f15941e4725d261355e",
"text": "BACKGROUND\nIn Mexico, stunting and anemia have declined but are still high in some regions and subpopulations, whereas overweight and obesity have increased at alarming rates in all age and socioeconomic groups.\n\n\nOBJECTIVE\nThe objective was to describe the coexistence of stunting, anemia, and overweight and obesity at the national, household, and individual levels.\n\n\nDESIGN\nWe estimated national prevalences of and trends for stunting, anemia, and overweight and obesity in children aged <5 y and in school-aged children (5-11 y old) and anemia and overweight and obesity in women aged 20-49 y by using the National Health and Nutrition Surveys conducted in 1988, 1999, 2006, and 2012. With the use of the most recent data (2012), the double burden of malnutrition at the household level was estimated and defined as the coexistence of stunting in children aged <5 y and overweight or obesity in the mother. At the individual level, double burden was defined as concurrent stunting and overweight and obesity in children aged 5-11 y and concurrent anemia and overweight or obesity in children aged 5-11 y and in women. We also tested if the coexistence of the conditions corresponded to expected values, under the assumption of independent distributions of each condition.\n\n\nRESULTS\nAt the household level, the prevalence of concurrent stunting in children aged <5 y and overweight and obesity in mothers was 8.4%; at the individual level, prevalences were 1% for stunting and overweight or obesity and 2.9% for anemia and overweight or obesity in children aged 5-11 y and 7.6% for anemia and overweight or obesity in women. At the household and individual levels in children aged 5-11 y, prevalences of double burden were significantly lower than expected, whereas anemia and the prevalence of overweight or obesity in women were not different from that expected.\n\n\nCONCLUSIONS\nAlthough some prevalences of double burden were lower than expected, assuming independent distributions of the 2 conditions, the coexistence of stunting, overweight or obesity, and anemia at the national, household, and intraindividual levels in Mexico calls for policies and programs to prevent the 3 conditions.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "8e10d20723be23d699c0c581c529ee19",
"text": "Insect-scale legged robots have the potential to locomote on rough terrain, crawl through confined spaces, and scale vertical and inverted surfaces. However, small scale implies that such robots are unable to carry large payloads. Limited payload capacity forces miniature robots to utilize simple control methods that can be implemented on a simple onboard microprocessor. In this study, the design of a new version of the biologically-inspired Harvard Ambulatory MicroRobot (HAMR) is presented. In order to find the most suitable control inputs for HAMR, maneuverability experiments are conducted for several drive parameters. Ideal input candidates for orientation and lateral velocity control are identified as a result of the maneuverability experiments. Using these control inputs, two simple feedback controllers are implemented to control the orientation and the lateral velocity of the robot. The controllers are used to force the robot to track trajectories with a minimum turning radius of 55 mm and a maximum lateral to normal velocity ratio of 0.8. Due to their simplicity, the controllers presented in this work are ideal for implementation with on-board computation for future HAMR prototypes.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "3d0e5f0dbca6406b8b8eda4447ee6474",
"text": "We describe a watermarking scheme for ownership verification and authentication. Depending on the desire of the user, the watermark can be either visible or invisible. The scheme can detect any modification made to the image and indicate the specific locations that have been modified. If the correct key is specified in the watermark extraction procedure, then an output image is returned showing a proper watermark, indicating the image is authentic and has not been changed since the insertion of the watermark. Any modification would be reflected in a corresponding error in the watermark. If the key is incorrect, or if the image was not watermarked, or if the watermarked image is cropped, the watermark extraction algorithm will return an image that resembles random noise. Since it requires a user key during both the insertion and the extraction procedures, it is not possible for an unauthorized user to insert a new watermark or alter the existing watermark so that the resulting image will pass the test. We present secret key and public key versions of the technique.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "a2688a1169babed7e35a52fa875505d4",
"text": "Crowdsourcing label generation has been a crucial component for many real-world machine learning applications. In this paper, we provide finite-sample exponential bounds on the error rate (in probability and in expectation) of hyperplane binary labeling rules for the Dawid-Skene (and Symmetric DawidSkene ) crowdsourcing model. The bounds can be applied to analyze many commonly used prediction methods, including the majority voting, weighted majority voting and maximum a posteriori (MAP) rules. These bound results can be used to control the error rate and design better algorithms. In particular, under the Symmetric Dawid-Skene model we use simulation to demonstrate that the data-driven EM-MAP rule is a good approximation to the oracle MAP rule which approximately optimizes our upper bound on the mean error rate for any hyperplane binary labeling rule. Meanwhile, the average error rate of the EM-MAP rule is bounded well by the upper bound on the mean error rate of the oracle MAP rule in the simulation.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "7ca0ceb19e47f9848db1a5946c19d561",
"text": "This thesis performs an empirical analysis of Word2Vec by comparing its output to WordNet, a well-known, human-curated lexical database. It finds that Word2Vec tends to uncover more of certain types of semantic relations than others – with Word2Vec returning more hypernyms, synonomyns and hyponyms than hyponyms or holonyms. It also shows the probability that neighbors separated by a given cosine distance in Word2Vec are semantically related in WordNet. This result both adds to our understanding of the stillunknown Word2Vec and helps to benchmark new semantic tools built from word vectors. Word2Vec, Natural Language Processing, WordNet, Distributional Semantics",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "31c62f403e6d7f06ff2ab028894346ff",
"text": "Automated text summarization is important to for humans to better manage the massive information explosion. Several machine learning approaches could be successfully used to handle the problem. This paper reports the results of our study to compare the performance between neural networks and support vector machines for text summarization. Both models have the ability to discover non-linear data and are effective model when dealing with large datasets.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "c9284c30e686c1fe1b905b776b520e0e",
"text": "Two decades since the idea of using software diversity for security was put forward, ASLR is the only technique to see widespread deployment. This is puzzling since academic security researchers have published scores of papers claiming to advance the state of the art in the area of code randomization. Unfortunately, these improved diversity techniques are generally less deployable than integrity-based techniques, such as control-flow integrity, due to their limited compatibility with existing optimization, development, and distribution practices. This paper contributes yet another diversity technique called pagerando. Rather than trading off practicality for security, we first and foremost aim for deployability and interoperability. Most code randomization techniques interfere with memory sharing and deduplication optimization across processes and virtual machines, ours does not. We randomize at the granularity of individual code pages but never rewrite page contents. This also avoids incompatibilities with code integrity mechanisms that only allow signed code to be mapped into memory and prevent any subsequent changes. On Android, pagerando fully adheres to the default SELinux policies. All practical mitigations must interoperate with unprotected legacy code, our implementation transparently interoperates with unmodified applications and libraries. To support our claims of practicality, we demonstrate that our technique can be integrated into and protect all shared libraries shipped with stock Android 6.0. We also consider hardening of non-shared libraries and executables and other concerns that must be addressed to put software diversity defenses on par with integrity-based mitigations such as CFI.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "88e4c785587b5b195758034119955474",
"text": "We consider adaptive meshless discretisation of the Dirichlet problem for Poisson equation based on numerical differentiation stencils obtained with the help of radial basis functions. New meshless stencil selection and adaptive refinement algorithms are proposed in 2D. Numerical experiments show that the accuracy of the solution is comparable with, and often better than that achieved by the mesh-based adaptive finite element method.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "e5ddbe32d1beed6de2e342c5d5fea274",
"text": "Link prediction appears as a central problem of network science, as it calls for unfolding the mechanisms that govern the micro-dynamics of the network. In this work, we are interested in ego-networks, that is the mere information of interactions of a node to its neighbors, in the context of social relationships. As the structural information is very poor, we rely on another source of information to predict links among egos’ neighbors: the timing of interactions. We define several features to capture different kinds of temporal information and apply machine learning methods to combine these various features and improve the quality of the prediction. We demonstrate the efficiency of this temporal approach on a cellphone interaction dataset, pointing out features which prove themselves to perform well in this context, in particular the temporal profile of interactions and elapsed time between contacts.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "f77107a84778699e088b94c1a75bfd78",
"text": "Nathaniel Kleitman was the first to observe that sleep deprivation in humans did not eliminate the ability to perform neurobehavioral functions, but it did make it difficult to maintain stable performance for more than a few minutes. To investigate variability in performance as a function of sleep deprivation, n = 13 subjects were tested every 2 hours on a 10-minute, sustained-attention, psychomotor vigilance task (PVT) throughout 88 hours of total sleep deprivation (TSD condition), and compared to a control group of n = 15 subjects who were permitted a 2-hour nap every 12 hours (NAP condition) throughout the 88-hour period. PVT reaction time means and standard deviations increased markedly among subjects and within each individual subject in the TSD condition relative to the NAP condition. TSD subjects also had increasingly greater performance variability as a function of time on task after 18 hours of wakefulness. During sleep deprivation, variability in PVT performance reflected a combination of normal timely responses, errors of omission (i.e., lapses), and errors of commission (i.e., responding when no stimulus was present). Errors of omission and errors of commission were highly intercorrelated across deprivation in the TSD condition (r = 0.85, p = 0.0001), suggesting that performance instability is more likely to include compensatory effort than a lack of motivation. The marked increases in PVT performance variability as sleep loss continued supports the \"state instability\" hypothesis, which posits that performance during sleep deprivation is increasingly variable due to the influence of sleep initiating mechanisms on the endogenous capacity to maintain attention and alertness, thereby creating an unstable state that fluctuates within seconds and that cannot be characterized as either fully awake or asleep.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "1f121c30e686d25f44363f44dc71b495",
"text": "In this paper we show that the Euler number of the compactified Jacobian of a rational curve C with locally planar singularities is equal to the multiplicity of the δ-constant stratum in the base of a semi-universal deformation of C. In particular, the multiplicity assigned by Yau, Zaslow and Beauville to a rational curve on a K3 surface S coincides with the multiplicity of the normalisation map in the moduli space of stable maps to S. Introduction Let C be a reduced and irreducible projective curve with singular set Σ ⊂ C and let n : C̃ −→ C be its normalisation. The generalised Jacobian JC of C is an extension of JC̃ by an affine commutative group of dimension δ := dimH0(n∗(OC̃)/OC) = ∑",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "8f183ac262aac98c563bf9dcc69b1bf5",
"text": "Functional infrared thermal imaging (fITI) is considered a promising method to measure emotional autonomic responses through facial cutaneous thermal variations. However, the facial thermal response to emotions still needs to be investigated within the framework of the dimensional approach to emotions. The main aim of this study was to assess how the facial thermal variations index the emotional arousal and valence dimensions of visual stimuli. Twenty-four participants were presented with three groups of standardized emotional pictures (unpleasant, neutral and pleasant) from the International Affective Picture System. Facial temperature was recorded at the nose tip, an important region of interest for facial thermal variations, and compared to electrodermal responses, a robust index of emotional arousal. Both types of responses were also compared to subjective ratings of pictures. An emotional arousal effect was found on the amplitude and latency of thermal responses and on the amplitude and frequency of electrodermal responses. The participants showed greater thermal and dermal responses to emotional than to neutral pictures with no difference between pleasant and unpleasant ones. Thermal responses correlated and the dermal ones tended to correlate with subjective ratings. Finally, in the emotional conditions compared to the neutral one, the frequency of simultaneous thermal and dermal responses increased while both thermal or dermal isolated responses decreased. Overall, this study brings convergent arguments to consider fITI as a promising method reflecting the arousal dimension of emotional stimulation and, consequently, as a credible alternative to the classical recording of electrodermal activity. The present research provides an original way to unveil autonomic implication in emotional processes and opens new perspectives to measure them in touchless conditions.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "a42e6ef132c872c72de49bf47b5ff56f",
"text": "A compact dual-band bandstop filter (BSF) is presented. It combines a conventional open-stub BSF and three spurlines. This filter generates two stopbands at 2.0 GHz and 3.0 GHz with the same circuit size as the conventional BSF.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "b27dd00e5ef38d678959b3922af8ae0a",
"text": "0167-8655/$ see front matter 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.patrec.2013.07.007 ⇑ Corresponding author at: Department of Computer Science, Triangle Research & Development Center, Kafr Qarea, Israel. Fax: +972 4 6356168. E-mail addresses: saabni@cs.bgu.ac.il (R. Saabni), abedas@cs.bgu.ac.il (A. Asi), el-sana@cs.bgu.ac.il (J. El-Sana). 1 These authors contributed equally to this work. Raid Saabni a,b,⇑,1, Abedelkadir Asi , Jihad El-Sana c",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "cbf32934e275e8d95a584762b270a5c2",
"text": "Online telemedicine systems are useful due to the possibility of timely and efficient healthcare services. These systems are based on advanced wireless and wearable sensor technologies. The rapid growth in technology has remarkably enhanced the scope of remote health monitoring systems. In this paper, a real-time heart monitoring system is developed considering the cost, ease of application, accuracy, and data security. The system is conceptualized to provide an interface between the doctor and the patients for two-way communication. The main purpose of this study is to facilitate the remote cardiac patients in getting latest healthcare services which might not be possible otherwise due to low doctor-to-patient ratio. The developed monitoring system is then evaluated for 40 individuals (aged between 18 and 66 years) using wearable sensors while holding an Android device (i.e., smartphone under supervision of the experts). The performance analysis shows that the proposed system is reliable and helpful due to high speed. The analyses showed that the proposed system is convenient and reliable and ensures data security at low cost. In addition, the developed system is equipped to generate warning messages to the doctor and patient under critical circumstances.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "77214b0522c0cb7772e094351b5bfa82",
"text": "One of the key aspects in the implementation of reactive behaviour in the Web and, most importantly, in the semantic Web is the development of event detection engines. An event engine detects events occurring in a system and notifies their occurrences to its clients. Although primitive events are useful for modelling a good number of applications, certain other applications require the combination of primitive events in order to support reactive behaviour. This paper presents the implementation of an event detection engine that detects composite events specified by expressions of an illustrative sublanguage of the SNOOP event algebra",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "13cb793ca9cdf926da86bb6fc630800a",
"text": "In this paper, we present the first formal study of how mothers of young children (aged three and under) use social networking sites, particularly Facebook and Twitter, including mothers' perceptions of which SNSes are appropriate for sharing information about their children, changes in post style and frequency after birth, and the volume and nature of child-related content shared in these venues. Our findings have implications for improving the utility and usability of SNS tools for mothers of young children, as well as for creating and improving sociotechnical systems related to maternal and child health.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "19863150313643b977f72452bb5a8a69",
"text": "Important research effort has been devoted to the topic of optimal planning of distribution systems. However, in general it has been mostly referred to the design of the primary network, with very modest considerations to the effect of the secondary network in the planning and future operation of the complete grid. Relatively little attention has been paid to the optimization of the secondary grid and to its effect on the optimality of the design of the complete electrical system, although the investment and operation costs of the secondary grid represent an important portion of the total costs. Appropriate design procedures have been proposed separately for both the primary and the secondary grid; however, in general, both planning problems have been presented and treated as different-almost isolated-problems, setting aside with this approximation some important factors that couple both problems, such as the fact that they may share the right of way, use the same poles, etc., among other factors that strongly affect the calculation of the investment costs. The main purpose of this work is the development and initial testing of a model for the optimal planning of a distribution system that includes both the primary and the secondary grids, so that a single optimization problem is stated for the design of the integral primary-secondary distribution system that overcomes these simplifications. The mathematical model incorporates the variables that define both the primary as well as the secondary planning problems and consists of a mixed integer-linear programming problem that may be solved by means of any suitable algorithm. Results are presented of the application of the proposed integral design procedure using conventional mixed integer-linear programming techniques to a real case of a residential primary-secondary distribution system consisting of 75 electrical nodes.",
"title": ""
}
] | scidocsrr |
f3b6384ba243589c11a67aedbce697b3 | Unsupervised CNN for Single View Depth Estimation: Geometry to the Rescue | [
{
"docid": "d15e7e655e7afc86e30e977516de7720",
"text": "We propose a new learning-based method for estimating 2D human pose from a single image, using Dual-Source Deep Convolutional Neural Networks (DS-CNN). Recently, many methods have been developed to estimate human pose by using pose priors that are estimated from physiologically inspired graphical models or learned from a holistic perspective. In this paper, we propose to integrate both the local (body) part appearance and the holistic view of each local part for more accurate human pose estimation. Specifically, the proposed DS-CNN takes a set of image patches (category-independent object proposals for training and multi-scale sliding windows for testing) as the input and then learns the appearance of each local part by considering their holistic views in the full body. Using DS-CNN, we achieve both joint detection, which determines whether an image patch contains a body joint, and joint localization, which finds the exact location of the joint in the image patch. Finally, we develop an algorithm to combine these joint detection/localization results from all the image patches for estimating the human pose. The experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed method by comparing to the state-of-the-art human-pose estimation methods based on pose priors that are estimated from physiologically inspired graphical models or learned from a holistic perspective.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "d4fb664caa02b81909bc51291d3fafd7",
"text": "This paper offers the first variational approach to the problem of dense 3D reconstruction of non-rigid surfaces from a monocular video sequence. We formulate non-rigid structure from motion (nrsfm) as a global variational energy minimization problem to estimate dense low-rank smooth 3D shapes for every frame along with the camera motion matrices, given dense 2D correspondences. Unlike traditional factorization based approaches to nrsfm, which model the low-rank non-rigid shape using a fixed number of basis shapes and corresponding coefficients, we minimize the rank of the matrix of time-varying shapes directly via trace norm minimization. In conjunction with this low-rank constraint, we use an edge preserving total-variation regularization term to obtain spatially smooth shapes for every frame. Thanks to proximal splitting techniques the optimization problem can be decomposed into many point-wise sub-problems and simple linear systems which can be easily solved on GPU hardware. We show results on real sequences of different objects (face, torso, beating heart) where, despite challenges in tracking, illumination changes and occlusions, our method reconstructs highly deforming smooth surfaces densely and accurately directly from video, without the need for any prior models or shape templates.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "9dbf1ae31558c80aff4edf94c446b69e",
"text": "This paper presents a data-driven matching cost for stereo matching. A novel deep visual correspondence embedding model is trained via Convolutional Neural Network on a large set of stereo images with ground truth disparities. This deep embedding model leverages appearance data to learn visual similarity relationships between corresponding image patches, and explicitly maps intensity values into an embedding feature space to measure pixel dissimilarities. Experimental results on KITTI and Middlebury data sets demonstrate the effectiveness of our model. First, we prove that the new measure of pixel dissimilarity outperforms traditional matching costs. Furthermore, when integrated with a global stereo framework, our method ranks top 3 among all two-frame algorithms on the KITTI benchmark. Finally, cross-validation results show that our model is able to make correct predictions for unseen data which are outside of its labeled training set.",
"title": ""
}
] | [
{
"docid": "26699915946647c1c582c1a0ab63b963",
"text": "In computer vision problems such as pair matching, only binary information ‘same’ or ‘different’ label for pairs of images is given during training. This is in contrast to classification problems, where the category labels of training images are provided. We propose a unified discriminative dictionary learning approach for both pair matching and multiclass classification tasks. More specifically, we introduce a new discriminative term called ‘pairwise sparse code error’ for the discriminativeness in sparse representation of pairs of signals, and then combine it with the classification error for discriminativeness in classifier construction to form a unified objective function. The solution to the new objective function is achieved by employing the efficient feature-sign search algorithm. The learned dictionary encourages feature points from a similar pair (or the same class) to have similar sparse codes. We validate the effectiveness of our approach through a series of experiments on face verification and recognition problems.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "c3c58760970768b9a839184f9e0c5b29",
"text": "The anatomic structures in the female that prevent incontinence and genital organ prolapse on increases in abdominal pressure during daily activities include sphincteric and supportive systems. In the urethra, the action of the vesical neck and urethral sphincteric mechanisms maintains urethral closure pressure above bladder pressure. Decreases in the number of striated muscle fibers of the sphincter occur with age and parity. A supportive hammock under the urethra and vesical neck provides a firm backstop against which the urethra is compressed during increases in abdominal pressure to maintain urethral closure pressures above the rapidly increasing bladder pressure. This supporting layer consists of the anterior vaginal wall and the connective tissue that attaches it to the pelvic bones through the pubovaginal portion of the levator ani muscle, and the uterosacral and cardinal ligaments comprising the tendinous arch of the pelvic fascia. At rest the levator ani maintains closure of the urogenital hiatus. They are additionally recruited to maintain hiatal closure in the face of inertial loads related to visceral accelerations as well as abdominal pressurization in daily activities involving recruitment of the abdominal wall musculature and diaphragm. Vaginal birth is associated with an increased risk of levator ani defects, as well as genital organ prolapse and urinary incontinence. Computer models indicate that vaginal birth places the levator ani under tissue stretch ratios of up to 3.3 and the pudendal nerve under strains of up to 33%, respectively. Research is needed to better identify the pathomechanics of these conditions.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "f7d36b012ac92e7a0e3ff26a3b596178",
"text": "The purpose of the present text is to present the theory and techniques behind the Gray Level Coocurrence Matrix (GLCM) method, and the stateof-the-art of the field, as applied to two dimensional images. It does not present a survey of practical results. 1 Gray Level Coocurrence Matrices In statistical texture analysis, texture features are computed from the statistical distribution of observed combinations of intensities at specified positions relative to each other in the image. According to the number of intensity points (pixels) in each combination, statistics are classified into first-order, second-order and higher-order statistics. The Gray Level Coocurrence Matrix (GLCM) method is a way of extracting second order statistical texture features. The approach has been used in a number of applications, e.g. [5],[6],[14],[5],[7],[12],[2],[8],[10],[1]. A GLCM is a matrix where the number of rows and colums is equal to the number of gray levels, G, in the image. The matrix element P (i, j | ∆x, ∆y) is the relative frequency with which two pixels, separated by a pixel distance (∆x, ∆y), occur within a given neighborhood, one with intensity i and the other with intensity j. One may also say that the matrix element P (i, j | d, θ) contains the second order 1 Albregtsen : Texture Measures Computed from GLCM-Matrices 2 statistical probability values for changes between gray levels i and j at a particular displacement distance d and at a particular angle (θ). Given an M ×N neighborhood of an input image containing G gray levels from 0 to G − 1, let f(m, n) be the intensity at sample m, line n of the neighborhood. Then P (i, j | ∆x, ∆y) = WQ(i, j | ∆x, ∆y) (1) where W = 1 (M − ∆x)(N − ∆y) Q(i, j | ∆x, ∆y) = N−∆y ∑",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "ca4beef505d8a93f399a4b5371816205",
"text": "A systematic review of the literature related to effective occupational therapy interventions in rehabilitation of individuals with work-related low back injuries and illnesses was carried out as part of the Evidence-Based Literature Review Project of the American Occupational Therapy Association. This review evaluated research on a broad range of occupational therapy-related intervention procedures and approaches. Findings from the review indicate that the evidence is insufficient to support or refute the effectiveness of exercise therapy and other conservative treatments for subacute and chronic low back injuries. The research reviewed strongly suggests that for interventions to be effective, occupational therapy practitioners should use a holistic, client-centered approach. The research supports the need for occupational therapy practitioners to consider multiple strategies for addressing clients' needs. Specifically, interventions for individuals with low back injuries and illnesses should incorporate a biopsychosocial, client-centered approach that includes actively involving the client in the rehabilitation process at the beginning of the intervention process and addressing the client's psychosocial needs in addition to his or her physical impairments. The implications for occupational therapy practice, research, and education are also discussed.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "a4aa085507cc018af3735b5a848446da",
"text": "Domain Name System (DNS) is ubiquitous in any network. DNS tunnelling is a technique to transfer data, convey messages or conduct TCP activities over DNS protocol that is typically not blocked or watched by security enforcement such as firewalls. As a technique, it can be utilized in many malicious ways which can compromise the security of a network by the activities of data exfiltration, cyber-espionage, and command and control. On the other side, it can also be used by legitimate users. The traditional methods may not be able to distinguish between legitimate and malicious uses even if they can detect the DNS tunnelling activities. We propose a behaviour analysis based method that can not only detect the DNS tunnelling, but also classify the activities in order to catch and block the malicious tunnelling traffic. The proposed method can achieve the scale of real-time detection on fast and large DNS data with the use of big data technologies in offline training and online detection systems.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "9d0a383122a7aa73053cededb64b418d",
"text": "With the explosive growth of Internet of Things devices and massive data produced at the edge of the network, the traditional centralized cloud computing model has come to a bottleneck due to the bandwidth limitation and resources constraint. Therefore, edge computing, which enables storing and processing data at the edge of the network, has emerged as a promising technology in recent years. However, the unique features of edge computing, such as content perception, real-time computing, and parallel processing, has also introduced several new challenges in the field of data security and privacy-preserving, which are also the key concerns of the other prevailing computing paradigms, such as cloud computing, mobile cloud computing, and fog computing. Despites its importance, there still lacks a survey on the recent research advance of data security and privacy-preserving in the field of edge computing. In this paper, we present a comprehensive analysis of the data security and privacy threats, protection technologies, and countermeasures inherent in edge computing. Specifically, we first make an overview of edge computing, including forming factors, definition, architecture, and several essential applications. Next, a detailed analysis of data security and privacy requirements, challenges, and mechanisms in edge computing are presented. Then, the cryptography-based technologies for solving data security and privacy issues are summarized. The state-of-the-art data security and privacy solutions in edge-related paradigms are also surveyed. Finally, we propose several open research directions of data security in the field of edge computing.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "8f73870d5e999c0269059c73bb85e05c",
"text": "Placing the DRAM in the same package as a processor enables several times higher memory bandwidth than conventional off-package DRAM. Yet, the latency of in-package DRAM is not appreciably lower than that of off-package DRAM. A promising use of in-package DRAM is as a large cache. Unfortunately, most previous DRAM cache designs optimize mainly for cache hit latency and do not consider bandwidth efficiency as a first-class design constraint. Hence, as we show in this paper, these designs are suboptimal for use with in-package DRAM.\n We propose a new DRAM cache design, Banshee, that optimizes for both in-package and off-package DRAM bandwidth efficiency without degrading access latency. Banshee is based on two key ideas. First, it eliminates the tag lookup overhead by tracking the contents of the DRAM cache using TLBs and page table entries, which is efficiently enabled by a new lightweight TLB coherence protocol we introduce. Second, it reduces unnecessary DRAM cache replacement traffic with a new bandwidth-aware frequency-based replacement policy. Our evaluations show that Banshee significantly improves performance (15% on average) and reduces DRAM traffic (35.8% on average) over the best-previous latency-optimized DRAM cache design.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "cde4d7457b949420ab90bdc894f40eb0",
"text": "We study the problem of named entity recognition (NER) from electronic medical records, which is one of the most fundamental and critical problems for medical text mining. Medical records which are written by clinicians from different specialties usually contain quite different terminologies and writing styles. The difference of specialties and the cost of human annotation makes it particularly difficult to train a universal medical NER system. In this paper, we propose a labelaware double transfer learning framework (LaDTL) for cross-specialty NER, so that a medical NER system designed for one specialty could be conveniently applied to another one with minimal annotation efforts. The transferability is guaranteed by two components: (i) we propose label-aware MMD for feature representation transfer, and (ii) we perform parameter transfer with a theoretical upper bound which is also label aware. We conduct extensive experiments on 12 cross-specialty NER tasks. The experimental results demonstrate that La-DTL provides consistent accuracy improvement over strong baselines. Besides, the promising experimental results on non-medical NER scenarios indicate that LaDTL is potential to be seamlessly adapted to a wide range of NER tasks.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "a363b4cec11d5328012a1cd0f13ba747",
"text": "Techniques for partitioning objects into optimally homogeneous groups on the basis of empirical measures of similarity among those objects have received increasing attention in several different fields. This paper develops a useful correspondence between any hierarchical system of such clusters, and a particular type of distance measure. The correspondence gives rise to two methods of clustering that are computationally rapid and invariant under monotonic transformations of the data. In an explicitly defined sense, one method forms clusters that are optimally \"connected,\" while the other forms clusters that are optimally \"compact.\"",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "d8dd68593fd7bd4bdc868634deb9661a",
"text": "We present a low-cost IoT based system able to monitor acoustic, olfactory, visual and thermal comfort levels. The system is provided with different ambient sensors, computing, control and connectivity features. The integration of the device with a smartwatch makes it possible the analysis of the personal comfort parameters.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "ccce159596bf45910117a80ee54090a5",
"text": "The parietal lobe plays a major role in sensorimotor integration and action. Recent neuroimaging studies have revealed more than 40 retinotopic areas distributed across five visual streams in the human brain, two of which enter the parietal lobe. A series of retinotopic areas occupy the length of the intraparietal sulcus and continue into the postcentral sulcus. On themedial wall, retinotopy extends across the parieto-occipital sulcus into the precuneus and reaches the cingulate sulcus. Full-body tactile stimulation revealed a multisensory homunculus lying along the postcentral sulcus just posterior to primary somatosensory cortical areas and overlapping with the anteriormost retinotopic maps. These topologically organized higher-level maps lay the foundation for actions in peripersonal space (e.g., reaching and grasping) aswell as navigation through space. A preliminary yet comprehensive multilayer functional atlas was constructed to specify the relative locations of cortical unisensory, multisensory, and action representations. We expect that those areal and functional definitions will be refined by future studies using more sophisticated stimuli and tasks tailored to regions with different specificity. The long-term goal is to construct an online surface-based atlas containing layered maps of multiple modalities that can be used as a reference to understand the functions and disorders of the parietal lobe.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "8f73a521d7703fa00bbaf7b68e470c55",
"text": "Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to introduce the concept of strategic integration of knowledge management (KM ) and customer relationship management (CRM). The integration is a strategic issue that has strong ramifications in the long-term competitiveness of organizations. It is not limited to CRM; the concept can also be applied to supply chain management (SCM), product development management (PDM), eterprise resource planning (ERP) and retail network management (RNM) that offer different perspectives into knowledge management adoption. Design/methodology/approach – Through literature review and establishing new perspectives with examples, the components of knowledge management, customer relationship management, and strategic planning are amalgamated. Findings – Findings include crucial details in the various components of knowledge management, customer relationship management, and strategic planning, i.e. strategic planning process, value formula, intellectual capital measure, different levels of CRM and their core competencies. Practical implications – Although the strategic integration of knowledge management and customer relationship management is highly conceptual, a case example has been provided where the concept is applied. The same concept could also be applied to other industries that focus on customer service. Originality/value – The concept of strategic integration of knowledge management and customer relationship management is new. There are other areas, yet to be explored in terms of additional integration such as SCM, PDM, ERP, and RNM. The concept of integration would be useful for future research as well as for KM and CRM practitioners.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "236dc9aa7d8c78698cbff770184db32b",
"text": "The prevalence of diet-related chronic diseases strongly impacts global health and health services. Currently, it takes training and strong personal involvement to manage or treat these diseases. One way to assist with dietary assessment is through computer vision systems that can recognize foods and their portion sizes from images and output the corresponding nutritional information. When multiple food items may exist, a food segmentation stage should also be applied before recognition. In this study, we propose a method to detect and segment the food of already detected dishes in an image. The method combines region growing/merging techniques with a deep CNN-based food border detection. A semi-automatic version of the method is also presented that improves the result with minimal user input. The proposed methods are trained and tested on non-overlapping subsets of a food image database including 821 images, taken under challenging conditions and annotated manually. The automatic and semi-automatic dish segmentation methods reached average accuracies of 88% and 92%, respectively, in roughly 0.5 seconds per image.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "a402ac37db42996e6fccca9d2da056ee",
"text": "This article presents an up-to-date review of the several extraction methods commonly used to determine the value of the threshold voltage of MOSFETs. It includes the different methods that extract this quantity from the drain current versus gate voltage transfer characteristics measured under linear operation conditions for crystalline and non-crystalline MOSFETs. The various methods presented for the linear region are adapted to the saturation region and tested as a function of drain voltage whenever possible. The implementation of the extraction methods is discussed and tested by applying them to real state-ofthe-art devices in order to compare their performance. The validity of the different methods with respect to the presence of parasitic series resistance is also evaluated using 2-D simulations. 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "2a5339fdb6b4f8a9a28af908da7b168d",
"text": "In this paper we propose a human interface device that converts the mechanism of hand sign language into alphanumerical characters. This device is in the form of a portable right hand glove. We propose this device in concurrence with assistive engineering to help the underprivileged. Our main goal is to identify 26 alphabets and 10 numbers of American Sign Language and display it on the LCD. Once the text is obtained on the LCD, text to speech conversion operation is carried out and a voice output is obtained. Further, the text obtained can also be viewed on a PC or any portable hand held device. People with hearing disability find it difficult to communicate with others using their Universal Sign Language, as a normal person doesn't understand these sign languages. Our main objective is to set an interface between the Deaf/Dumb and normal person to improve the communication capabilities so that they can communicate easily with others. We mount dual axis accelerometers on the glove and propose and efficient methodology to convert these sign languages.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "354041896b7375aeedf1018f3d9bb380",
"text": "More than 60 percent of the population in the India, agriculture as the primary sector occupation. In recent years, due increase in labor shortage interest has grown for the development of the autonomous vehicles like robots in the agriculture. An robot called agribot have been designed for agricultural purposes. It is designed to minimize the labor of farmers in addition to increasing the speed and accuracy of the work. It performs the elementary functions involved in farming i.e. spraying of pesticide, sowing of seeds, and so on. Spraying pesticides especially important for the workers in the area of potentially harmful for the safety and health of the workers. This is especially important for the workers in the area of potentially harmful for the safety and health of the workers. The Proposed system aims at designing multipurpose autonomous agricultural robotic vehicle which can be controlled through IoT for seeding and spraying of pesticides. These robots are used to reduce human intervention, ensuring high yield and efficient utilization of resources. KeywordsIoT, Agribot, Sprayer, Pesticides",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "b63635129ab0663efa374b83f2b77944",
"text": "Cannabis sativa L. is an important herbaceous species originating from Central Asia, which has been used in folk medicine and as a source of textile fiber since the dawn of times. This fast-growing plant has recently seen a resurgence of interest because of its multi-purpose applications: it is indeed a treasure trove of phytochemicals and a rich source of both cellulosic and woody fibers. Equally highly interested in this plant are the pharmaceutical and construction sectors, since its metabolites show potent bioactivities on human health and its outer and inner stem tissues can be used to make bioplastics and concrete-like material, respectively. In this review, the rich spectrum of hemp phytochemicals is discussed by putting a special emphasis on molecules of industrial interest, including cannabinoids, terpenes and phenolic compounds, and their biosynthetic routes. Cannabinoids represent the most studied group of compounds, mainly due to their wide range of pharmaceutical effects in humans, including psychotropic activities. The therapeutic and commercial interests of some terpenes and phenolic compounds, and in particular stilbenoids and lignans, are also highlighted in view of the most recent literature data. Biotechnological avenues to enhance the production and bioactivity of hemp secondary metabolites are proposed by discussing the power of plant genetic engineering and tissue culture. In particular two systems are reviewed, i.e., cell suspension and hairy root cultures. Additionally, an entire section is devoted to hemp trichomes, in the light of their importance as phytochemical factories. Ultimately, prospects on the benefits linked to the use of the -omics technologies, such as metabolomics and transcriptomics to speed up the identification and the large-scale production of lead agents from bioengineered Cannabis cell culture, are presented.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "486e3f5614f69f60d8703d8641c73416",
"text": "The Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami drastically changed Japanese society, and the requirements for ICT was completely redefined. After the disaster, it was impossible for disaster victims to utilize their communication devices, such as cellular phones, tablet computers, or laptop computers, to notify their families and friends of their safety and confirm the safety of their loved ones since the communication infrastructures were physically damaged or lacked the energy necessary to operate. Due to this drastic event, we have come to realize the importance of device-to-device communications. With the recent increase in popularity of D2D communications, many research works are focusing their attention on a centralized network operated by network operators and neglect the importance of decentralized infrastructureless multihop communication, which is essential for disaster relief applications. In this article, we propose the concept of multihop D2D communication network systems that are applicable to many different wireless technologies, and clarify requirements along with introducing open issues in such systems. The first generation prototype of relay by smartphone can deliver messages using only users' mobile devices, allowing us to send out emergency messages from disconnected areas as well as information sharing among people gathered in evacuation centers. The success of field experiments demonstrates steady advancement toward realizing user-driven networking powered by communication devices independent of operator networks.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "924f23fa4a8b2140445755ed0a63676f",
"text": "This article examined the relationships and outcomes of behaviors falling at the interface of general and sexual forms of interpersonal mistreatment in the workplace. Data were collected with surveys of two different female populations (Ns = 833 and 1,425) working within a large public-sector organization. Findings revealed that general incivility and sexual harassment were related constructs, with gender harassment bridging the two. Moreover, these behaviors tended to co-occur in organizations, and employee well-being declined with the addition of each type of mistreatment to the workplace experience. This behavior type (or behavior combination) effect remained significant even after controlling for behavior frequency. The findings are interpreted from perspectives on sexual aggression, social power, and multiple victimization.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "be426354d0338b2b5a17503d30c9665c",
"text": "0141-9331/$ see front matter 2011 Elsevier B.V. A doi:10.1016/j.micpro.2011.06.002 ⇑ Corresponding author. E-mail address: jmanikandan.nitt@gmail.com (J. M In this paper, Texas Instruments TMS320C6713 DSP based real-time speech recognition system using Modified One Against All Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier is proposed. The major contributions of this paper are: the study and evaluation of the performance of the classifier using three feature extraction techniques and proposal for minimizing the computation time for the classifier. From this study, it is found that the recognition accuracies of 93.33%, 98.67% and 96.67% are achieved for the classifier using Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficients (MFCC) features, zerocrossing (ZC) and zerocrossing with peak amplitude (ZCPA) features respectively. To reduce the computation time required for the systems, two techniques – one using optimum threshold technique for the SVM classifier and another using linear assembly are proposed. The ZC based system requires the least computation time and the above techniques reduce the execution time by a factor of 6.56 and 5.95 respectively. For the purpose of comparison, the speech recognition system is also implemented using Altera Cyclone II FPGA with Nios II soft processor and custom instructions. Of the two approaches, the DSP approach requires 87.40% less number of clock cycles. Custom design of the recognition system on the FPGA without using the soft-core processor would have resulted in less computational complexity. The proposed classifier is also found to reduce the number of support vectors by a factor of 1.12–3.73 when applied to speaker identification and isolated letter recognition problems. The techniques proposed here can be adapted for various other SVM based pattern recognition systems. 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.",
"title": ""
}
] | scidocsrr |
2379575cd8f94486a085e9a1bf85a0a4 | Multi- and Cross-Modal Semantics Beyond Vision: Grounding in Auditory Perception | [
{
"docid": "6d15f9766e35b2c78ce5402ed44cdf57",
"text": "Models that acquire semantic representations from both linguistic and perceptual input are of interest to researchers in NLP because of the obvious parallels with human language learning. Performance advantages of the multi-modal approach over language-only models have been clearly established when models are required to learn concrete noun concepts. However, such concepts are comparatively rare in everyday language. In this work, we present a new means of extending the scope of multi-modal models to more commonly-occurring abstract lexical concepts via an approach that learns multimodal embeddings. Our architecture outperforms previous approaches in combining input from distinct modalities, and propagates perceptual information on concrete concepts to abstract concepts more effectively than alternatives. We discuss the implications of our results both for optimizing the performance of multi-modal models and for theories of abstract conceptual representation.",
"title": ""
}
] | [
{
"docid": "b57377a695ce7c5114d61bbe4f29e7a1",
"text": "Referring to existing illustrations helps novice drawers to realize their ideas. To find such helpful references from a large image collection, we first build a semantic vector representation of illustrations by training convolutional neural networks. As the proposed vector space correctly reflects the semantic meanings of illustrations, users can efficiently search for references with similar attributes. Besides the search with a single query, a semantic morphing algorithm that searches the intermediate illustrations that gradually connect two queries is proposed. Several experiments were conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of our methods.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "bf2c7b1d93b6dee024336506fb5a2b32",
"text": "In this paper we present the first public, online demonstration of MaxTract; a tool that converts PDF files containing mathematics into multiple formats including LTEX, HTML with embedded MathML, and plain text. Using a bespoke PDF parser and image analyser, we directly extract character and font information to use as input for a linear grammar which, in conjunction with specialised drivers, can accurately recognise and reproduce both the two dimensional relationships between symbols in mathematical formulae and the one dimensional relationships present in standard text. The main goals of MaxTract are to provide translation services into standard mathematical markup languages and to add accessibility to mathematical documents on multiple levels. This includes both accessibility in the narrow sense of providing access to content for print impaired users, such as those with visual impairments, dyslexia or dyspraxia, as well as more generally to enable any user access to the mathematical content at more re-usable levels than merely visual. MaxTract produces output compatible with web browsers, screen readers, and tools such as copy and paste, which is achieved by enriching the regular text with mathematical markup. The output can also be used directly, within the limits of the presentation MathML produced, as machine readable mathematical input to software systems such as Mathematica or Maple.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "783d7251658f9077e05a7b1b9bd60835",
"text": "A method is presented for the representation of (pictures of) faces. Within a specified framework the representation is ideal. This results in the characterization of a face, to within an error bound, by a relatively low-dimensional vector. The method is illustrated in detail by the use of an ensemble of pictures taken for this purpose.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "16995051681cebf1e2dba1484a3f85bf",
"text": "A core problem in learning semantic parsers from denotations is picking out consistent logical forms—those that yield the correct denotation—from a combinatorially large space. To control the search space, previous work relied on restricted set of rules, which limits expressivity. In this paper, we consider a much more expressive class of logical forms, and show how to use dynamic programming to efficiently represent the complete set of consistent logical forms. Expressivity also introduces many more spurious logical forms which are consistent with the correct denotation but do not represent the meaning of the utterance. To address this, we generate fictitious worlds and use crowdsourced denotations on these worlds to filter out spurious logical forms. On the WIKITABLEQUESTIONS dataset, we increase the coverage of answerable questions from 53.5% to 76%, and the additional crowdsourced supervision lets us rule out 92.1% of spurious logical forms.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "8201ba18da15b1acb1e399e99d1fc586",
"text": "Articles in the financial press suggest that institutional investors are overly focused on short-term profitability leading mangers to manipulate earnings fearing that a short-term profit disappointment will lead institutions to liquidate their holdings. This paper shows, however, that the absolute value of discretionary accruals declines with institutional ownership. The result is consistent with managers recognizing that institutional owners are better informed than individual investors, which reduces the perceived benefit of managing accruals. We also find that as institutional ownership increases, stock prices tend to reflect a greater proportion of the information in future earnings relative to current earnings. This result is consistent with institutional investors looking beyond current earnings compared to individual investors. Collectively, the results offer strong evidence that managers do not manipulate earnings due to pressure from institutional investors who are overly focused on short-term profitability.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "2ebb00579fbfbadb07331bd297e658e9",
"text": "There is risk involved in any construction project. A contractor’s quality assurance system is essential in preventing problems and the reoccurrence of problems. This system ensures consistent quality for the contractor’s clients. An evaluation of the quality systems of 15 construction contractors in Saudi Arabia is discussed here. The evaluation was performed against the ISO 9000 standard. The contractors’ quality systems vary in complexity, ranging from an informal inspection and test system to a comprehensive system. The ISO 9000 clauses most often complied with are those dealing with (1) inspection and test status; (2) inspection and testing; (3) control of nonconformance product; and (4) handling, storage, and preservation. The clauses least complied with concern (1) design control; (2) internal auditing; (3) training; and (4) statistical techniques. Documentation of a quality system is scarce for the majority of the contractors.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "2937b605179b3a0f7657f7ddf5dbcf1a",
"text": "This article presents a survey on crowd analysis using computer vision techniques, covering different aspects such as people tracking, crowd density estimation, event detection, validation, and simulation. It also reports how related the areas of computer vision and computer graphics should be to deal with current challenges in crowd analysis.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "ef15ffc5609653488c68364d2ba77149",
"text": "BACKGROUND\nBeneficial effects of probiotics have never been analyzed in an animal shelter.\n\n\nHYPOTHESIS\nDogs and cats housed in an animal shelter and administered a probiotic are less likely to have diarrhea of ≥2 days duration than untreated controls.\n\n\nANIMALS\nTwo hundred and seventeen cats and 182 dogs.\n\n\nMETHODS\nDouble blinded and placebo controlled. Shelter dogs and cats were housed in 2 separate rooms for each species. For 4 weeks, animals in 1 room for each species was fed Enterococcus faecium SF68 while animals in the other room were fed a placebo. After a 1-week washout period, the treatments by room were switched and the study continued an additional 4 weeks. A standardized fecal score system was applied to feces from each animal every day by a blinded individual. Feces of animals with and without diarrhea were evaluated for enteric parasites. Data were analyzed by a generalized linear mixed model using a binomial distribution with treatment being a fixed effect and the room being a random effect.\n\n\nRESULTS\nThe percentage of cats with diarrhea ≥2 days was significantly lower (P = .0297) in the probiotic group (7.4%) when compared with the placebo group (20.7%). Statistical differences between groups of dogs were not detected but diarrhea was uncommon in both groups of dogs during the study.\n\n\nCONCLUSION AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE\nCats fed SF68 had fewer episodes of diarrhea of ≥2 days when compared with controls suggests the probiotic may have beneficial effects on the gastrointestinal tract.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "bb86cae865113f2907a4cecb5f89453f",
"text": "In this paper, we study the problem of learning from weakly labeled data, where labels of the training examples are incomplete. This includes, for example, (i) semi-supervised learning where labels are partially known; (ii) multi-instance learning where labels are implicitly known; and (iii) clustering where labels are completely unknown. Unlike supervised learning, learning with weak labels involves a difficult Mixed-Integer Programming (MIP) problem. Therefore, it can suffer from poor scalability and may also get stuck in local minimum. In this paper, we focus on SVMs and propose the WellSVM via a novel label generation strategy. This leads to a convex relaxation of the original MIP, which is at least as tight as existing convex Semi-Definite Programming (SDP) relaxations. Moreover, the WellSVM can be solved via a sequence of SVM subproblems that are much more scalable than previous convex SDP relaxations. Experiments on three weakly labeled learning tasks, namely, (i) semi-supervised learning; (ii) multi-instance learning for locating regions of interest in content-based information retrieval; and (iii) clustering, clearly demonstrate improved performance, and WellSVM is also readily applicable on large data sets.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "df997cfc15654a0c9886d52c4166f649",
"text": "Network embedding aims to represent each node in a network as a low-dimensional feature vector that summarizes the given node’s (extended) network neighborhood. The nodes’ feature vectors can then be used in various downstream machine learning tasks. Recently, many embedding methods that automatically learn the features of nodes have emerged, such as node2vec and struc2vec, which have been used in tasks such as node classification, link prediction, and node clustering, mainly in the social network domain. There are also other embedding methods that explicitly look at the connections between nodes, i.e., the nodes’ network neighborhoods, such as graphlets. Graphlets have been used in many tasks such as network comparison, link prediction, and network clustering, mainly in the computational biology domain. Even though the two types of embedding methods (node2vec/struct2vec versus graphlets) have a similar goal – to represent nodes as features vectors, no comparisons have been made between them, possibly because they have originated in the different domains. Therefore, in this study, we compare graphlets to node2vec and struc2vec, and we do so in the task of network alignment. In evaluations on synthetic and real-world biological networks, we find that graphlets are both more accurate and faster than node2vec and struc2vec.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "e69dd688041be302ce973e22457622f9",
"text": "In the last decade, supervised deep learning approaches have been extensively employed in visual odometry (VO) applications, which is not feasible in environments where labelled data is not abundant. On the other hand, unsupervised deep learning approaches for localization and mapping in unknown environments from unlabelled data have received comparatively less attention in VO research. In this study, we propose a generative unsupervised learning framework that predicts 6-DoF pose camera motion and monocular depth map of the scene from unlabelled RGB image sequences, using deep convolutional Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs). We create a supervisory signal by warping view sequences and assigning the re-projection minimization to the objective loss function that is adopted in multi-view pose estimation and single-view depth generation network. Detailed quantitative and qualitative evaluations of the proposed framework on the KITTI [1] and Cityscapes [2] datasets show that the proposed method outperforms both existing traditional and unsupervised deep VO methods providing better results for both pose estimation and depth recovery.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "0a43496b7fbfeb54a6283fcac438d5dc",
"text": "Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) has come to mean many things over the last several decades. Divergent applications by practitioners and academics, as well as by researchers in alternative fields of study, has allowed for both considerable proliferation of information on the topic but also for a considerable amount of confusion regarding the meaning of the term. In reviewing ERP research two distinct research streams emerge. The first focuses on the fundamental corporate capabilities driving ERP as a strategic concept. A second stream focuses on the details associated with implementing information systems and their relative success and cost. This paper briefly discusses these research streams and suggests some ideas for related future research. Published in the European Journal of Operational Research 146(2), 2003",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "893e1e17570e5daa83827d91b1503185",
"text": "We introduce a similarity-based machine learning approach for detecting non-market, adversarial, malicious Android apps. By adversarial, we mean those apps designed to avoid detection. Our approach relies on identifying the Android applications that are similar to an adversarial known Android malware. In our approach, similarity is detected statically by computing the similarity score between two apps based on their methods similarity. The similarity between methods is computed using the normalized compression distance (NCD) in dependence of either zlib or bz2 compressors. The NCD calculates the semantic similarity between pair of methods in two compared apps. The first app is one of the sample apps in the input dataset, while the second app is one of malicious apps stored in a malware database. Later all the computed similarity scores are used as features for training a supervised learning classifier to detect suspicious apps with high similarity score to the malicious ones in the database.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "c51cb80a1a5afe25b16a5772ccee0e6b",
"text": "Face perception relies on computations carried out in face-selective cortical areas. These areas have been intensively investigated for two decades, and this work has been guided by an influential neural model suggested by Haxby and colleagues in 2000. Here, we review new findings about face-selective areas that suggest the need for modifications and additions to the Haxby model. We suggest a revised framework based on (a) evidence for multiple routes from early visual areas into the face-processing system, (b) information about the temporal characteristics of these areas, (c) indications that the fusiform face area contributes to the perception of changeable aspects of faces, (d) the greatly elevated responses to dynamic compared with static faces in dorsal face-selective brain areas, and (e) the identification of three new anterior face-selective areas. Together, these findings lead us to suggest that face perception depends on two separate pathways: a ventral stream that represents form information and a dorsal stream driven by motion and form information.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "7d4707e90adb42c75b4f84b10fce65c3",
"text": "Sleep is a complex phenomenon that could be understood and assessed at many levels. Sleep could be described at the behavioral level (relative lack of movements and awareness and responsiveness) and at the brain level (based on EEG activity). Sleep could be characterized by its duration, by its distribution during the 24-hr day period, and by its quality (e.g., consolidated versus fragmented). Different methods have been developed to assess various aspects of sleep. This chapter covers the most established and common methods used to assess sleep in infants and children. These methods include polysomnography, videosomnography, actigraphy, direct observations, sleep diaries, and questionnaires. The advantages and disadvantages of each method are highlighted.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "b8377cba1fe8bca54e12b3c707d3cbaf",
"text": "The structure of foot-and-mouth disease virus has been determined at close to atomic resolution by X-ray diffraction without experimental phase information. The virus shows similarities with other picornaviruses but also several unique features. The canyon or pit found in other picornaviruses is absent; this has important implications for cell attachment. The most immunogenic portion of the capsid, which acts as a potent peptide vaccine, forms a disordered protrusion on the virus surface.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "af0a1a8af70423ec09e0bb1e47f2e3f6",
"text": "Infants are experts at playing, with an amazing ability to generate novel structured behaviors in unstructured environments that lack clear extrinsic reward signals. We seek to replicate some of these abilities with a neural network that implements curiosity-driven intrinsic motivation. Using a simple but ecologically naturalistic simulated environment in which the agent can move and interact with objects it sees, the agent learns a world model predicting the dynamic consequences of its actions. Simultaneously, the agent learns to take actions that adversarially challenge the developing world model, pushing the agent to explore novel and informative interactions with its environment. We demonstrate that this policy leads to the self-supervised emergence of a spectrum of complex behaviors, including ego motion prediction, object attention, and object gathering. Moreover, the world model that the agent learns supports improved performance on object dynamics prediction and localization tasks. Our results are a proof-of-principle that computational models of intrinsic motivation might account for key features of developmental visuomotor learning in infants.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "f81430ff3be528c891262ddb8a730699",
"text": "Clustering validation has long been recognized as one of the vital issues essential to the success of clustering applications. In general, clustering validation can be categorized into two classes, external clustering validation and internal clustering validation. In this paper, we focus on internal clustering validation and present a study of 11 widely used internal clustering validation measures for crisp clustering. The results of this study indicate that these existing measures have certain limitations in different application scenarios. As an alternative choice, we propose a new internal clustering validation measure, named clustering validation index based on nearest neighbors (CVNN), which is based on the notion of nearest neighbors. This measure can dynamically select multiple objects as representatives for different clusters in different situations. Experimental results show that CVNN outperforms the existing measures on both synthetic data and real-world data in different application scenarios.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "88c1ab7e817118ee01fb28bf32ed2e23",
"text": "Field experiment was conducted on fodder maize to explore the potential of integrated use of chemical, organic and biofertilizers for improving maize growth, beneficial microflora in the rhizosphere and the economic returns. The treatments were designed to make comparison of NPK fertilizer with different combinations of half dose of NP with organic and biofertilizers viz. biological potassium fertilizer (BPF), Biopower, effective microorganisms (EM) and green force compost (GFC). Data reflected maximum crop growth in terms of plant height, leaf area and fresh biomass with the treatment of full NPK; and it was followed by BPF+full NP. The highest uptake of NPK nutrients by crop was recorded as: N under half NP+Biopower; P in BPF+full NP; and K from full NPK. The rhizosphere microflora enumeration revealed that Biopower+EM applied along with half dose of GFC soil conditioner (SC) or NP fertilizer gave the highest count of N-fixing bacteria (Azotobacter, Azospirillum, Azoarcus andZoogloea). Regarding the P-solubilizing bacteria,Bacillus was having maximum population with Biopower+BPF+half NP, andPseudomonas under Biopower+EM+half NP treatment. It was concluded that integration of half dose of NP fertilizer with Biopower+BPF / EM can give similar crop yield as with full rate of NP fertilizer; and through reduced use of fertilizers the production cost is minimized and the net return maximized. However, the integration of half dose of NP fertilizer with biofertilizers and compost did not give maize fodder growth and yield comparable to that from full dose of NPK fertilizers.",
"title": ""
}
] | scidocsrr |
662f9740a651f471831e93654284877c | Illumination Invariant Imaging : Applications in Robust Vision-based Localisation , Mapping and Classification for Autonomous Vehicles | [
{
"docid": "cc4c58f1bd6e5eb49044353b2ecfb317",
"text": "Today, visual recognition systems are still rarely employed in robotics applications. Perhaps one of the main reasons for this is the lack of demanding benchmarks that mimic such scenarios. In this paper, we take advantage of our autonomous driving platform to develop novel challenging benchmarks for the tasks of stereo, optical flow, visual odometry/SLAM and 3D object detection. Our recording platform is equipped with four high resolution video cameras, a Velodyne laser scanner and a state-of-the-art localization system. Our benchmarks comprise 389 stereo and optical flow image pairs, stereo visual odometry sequences of 39.2 km length, and more than 200k 3D object annotations captured in cluttered scenarios (up to 15 cars and 30 pedestrians are visible per image). Results from state-of-the-art algorithms reveal that methods ranking high on established datasets such as Middlebury perform below average when being moved outside the laboratory to the real world. Our goal is to reduce this bias by providing challenging benchmarks with novel difficulties to the computer vision community. Our benchmarks are available online at: www.cvlibs.net/datasets/kitti.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "36e72fe58858b4caf4860a3bba5fced4",
"text": "When operating over extended periods of time, an autonomous system will inevitably be faced with severe changes in the appearance of its environment. Coping with such changes is more and more in the focus of current robotics research. In this paper, we foster the development of robust place recognition algorithms in changing environments by describing a new dataset that was recorded during a 728 km long journey in spring, summer, fall, and winter. Approximately 40 hours of full-HD video cover extreme seasonal changes over almost 3000 km in both natural and man-made environments. Furthermore, accurate ground truth information are provided. To our knowledge, this is by far the largest SLAM dataset available at the moment. In addition, we introduce an open source Matlab implementation of the recently published SeqSLAM algorithm and make it available to the community. We benchmark SeqSLAM using the novel dataset and analyse the influence of important parameters and algorithmic steps.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "61a9bc06d96eb213ed5142bfa47920b9",
"text": "This paper is concerned with the derivation of a progression of shadow-free image representations. First, we show that adopting certain assumptions about lights and cameras leads to a 1D, gray-scale image representation which is illuminant invariant at each image pixel. We show that as a consequence, images represented in this form are shadow-free. We then extend this 1D representation to an equivalent 2D, chromaticity representation. We show that in this 2D representation, it is possible to relight all the image pixels in the same way, effectively deriving a 2D image representation which is additionally shadow-free. Finally, we show how to recover a 3D, full color shadow-free image representation by first (with the help of the 2D representation) identifying shadow edges. We then remove shadow edges from the edge-map of the original image by edge in-painting and we propose a method to reintegrate this thresholded edge map, thus deriving the sought-after 3D shadow-free image.",
"title": ""
}
] | [
{
"docid": "7d0559e06a360acc96153b38d8c01501",
"text": "Wearable health tech provides doctors with the ability to remotely supervise their patients' wellness. It also makes it much easier to authorize someone else to take appropriate actions to ensure the person's wellness than ever before. Information Technology may soon change the way medicine is practiced, improving the performance, while reducing the price of healthcare. We analyzed the secrecy demands of wearable devices, including Smartphone, smart watch and their computing techniques, that can soon change the way healthcare is provided. However, before this is adopted in practice, all devices must be equipped with sufficient privacy capabilities related to healthcare service. In this paper, we formulated a new improved conceptual framework for wearable healthcare systems. This framework consists of ten principles and nine checklists, capable of providing complete privacy protection package to wearable device owners. We constructed this framework based on the analysis of existing mobile technology, the results of which are combined with the existing security standards. The approach also incorporates the market share percentage level of every app and its respective OS. This framework is evaluated based on the stringent CIA and HIPAA principles for information security. This evaluation is followed by testing the capability to revoke rights of subjects to access objects and ability to determine the set of available permissions for a particular subject for all models Finally, as the last step, we examine the complexity of the required initial setup.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "2923d1776422a1f44395f169f0d61995",
"text": "Rolling upgrade consists of upgrading progressively the servers of a distributed system to reduce service downtime.Upgrading a subset of servers requires a well-engineered cluster membership protocol to maintain, in the meantime, the availability of the system state. Existing cluster membership reconfigurations, like CoreOS etcd, rely on a primary not only for reconfiguration but also for storing information. At any moment, there can be at most one primary, whose replacement induces disruption. We propose Rollup, a non-disruptive rolling upgrade protocol with a fast consensus-based reconfiguration. Rollup relies on a candidate leader only for the reconfiguration and scalable biquorums for service requests. While Rollup implements a non-disruptive cluster membership protocol, it does not offer a full-fledged coordination service. We analyzed Rollup theoretically and experimentally on an isolated network of 26 physical machines and an Amazon EC2 cluster of 59 virtual machines. Our results show an 8-fold speedup compared to a rolling upgrade based on a primary for reconfiguration.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "a1b7f477c339f30587a2f767327b4b41",
"text": "Software game is a kind of application that is used not only for entertainment, but also for serious purposes that can be applicable to different domains such as education, business, and health care. Multidisciplinary nature of the game development processes that combine sound, art, control systems, artificial intelligence (AI), and human factors, makes the software game development practice different from traditional software development. However, the underline software engineering techniques help game development to achieve maintainability, flexibility, lower effort and cost, and better design. The purpose of this study is to assesses the state of the art research on the game development software engineering process and highlight areas that need further consideration by researchers. In the study, we used a systematic literature review methodology based on well-known digital libraries. The largest number of studies have been reported in the production phase of the game development software engineering process life cycle, followed by the pre-production phase. By contrast, the post-production phase has received much less research activity than the pre-production and production phases. The results of this study suggest that the game development software engineering process has many aspects that need further attention from researchers; that especially includes the postproduction phase.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "f717225fa7518383e0db362e673b9af4",
"text": "The web has become the world's largest repository of knowledge. Web usage mining is the process of discovering knowledge from the interactions generated by the user in the form of access logs, cookies, and user sessions data. Web Mining consists of three different categories, namely Web Content Mining, Web Structure Mining, and Web Usage Mining (is the process of discovering knowledge from the interaction generated by the users in the form of access logs, browser logs, proxy-server logs, user session data, cookies). Accurate web log mining results and efficient online navigational pattern prediction are undeniably crucial for tuning up websites and consequently helping in visitors’ retention. Like any other data mining task, web log mining starts with data cleaning and preparation and it ends up discovering some hidden knowledge which cannot be extracted using conventional methods. After applying web mining on web sessions we will get navigation patterns which are important for web users such that appropriate actions can be adopted. Due to huge data in web, discovery of patterns and there analysis for further improvement in website becomes a real time necessity. The main focus of this paper is using of hybrid prediction engine to classify users on the basis of discovered patterns from web logs. Our proposed framework is to overcome the problem arise due to using of any single algorithm, we will give results based on comparison of two different algorithms like Longest Common Sequence (LCS) algorithm and Frequent Pattern (Growth) algorithm. Keywords— Web Usage Mining, Navigation Pattern, Frequent Pattern (Growth) Algorithm. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "bde4436370b1d5e1423d1b9c710a47ad",
"text": "This paper provides a review of the literature addressing sensorless operation methods of PM brushless machines. The methods explained are state-of-the-art of open and closed loop control strategies. The closed loop review includes those methods based on voltage and current measurements, those methods based on back emf measurements, and those methods based on novel techniques not included in the previous categories. The paper concludes with a comparison table including all main features for all control strategies",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "87b23719131fc8ab0bd60949be1595e8",
"text": "To understand how implicit and explicit biofeedback work in games, we developed a first-person shooter (FPS) game to experiment with different biofeedback techniques. While this area has seen plenty of discussion, there is little rigorous experimentation addressing how biofeedback can enhance human-computer interaction. In our two-part study, (N=36) subjects first played eight different game stages with two implicit biofeedback conditions, with two simulation-based comparison and repetition rounds, then repeated the two biofeedback stages when given explicit information on the biofeedback. The biofeedback conditions were respiration and skin-conductance (EDA) adaptations. Adaptation targets were four balanced player avatar attributes. We collected data with psycho¬physiological measures (electromyography, respiration, and EDA), a game experience questionnaire, and game-play measures.\n According to our experiment, implicit biofeedback does not produce significant effects in player experience in an FPS game. In the explicit biofeedback conditions, players were more immersed and positively affected, and they were able to manipulate the game play with the biosignal interface. We recommend exploring the possibilities of using explicit biofeedback interaction in commercial games.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "197ad51ef4b33978903a2ece4a64c350",
"text": "It has been suggested that Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCI) may one day be suitable for controlling a neuroprosthesis. For closed-loop operation of BCI, a tactile feedback channel that is compatible with neuroprosthetic applications is desired. Operation of an EEG-based BCI using only vibrotactile feedback, a commonly used method to convey haptic senses of contact and pressure, is demonstrated with a high level of accuracy. A Mu-rhythm based BCI using a motor imagery paradigm was used to control the position of a virtual cursor. The cursor position was shown visually as well as transmitted haptically by modulating the intensity of a vibrotactile stimulus to the upper limb. A total of six subjects operated the BCI in a two-stage targeting task, receiving only vibrotactile biofeedback of performance. The location of the vibration was also systematically varied between the left and right arms to investigate location-dependent effects on performance. Subjects are able to control the BCI using only vibrotactile feedback with an average accuracy of 56% and as high as 72%. These accuracies are significantly higher than the 15% predicted by random chance if the subject had no voluntary control of their Mu-rhythm. The results of this study demonstrate that vibrotactile feedback is an effective biofeedback modality to operate a BCI using motor imagery. In addition, the study shows that placement of the vibrotactile stimulation on the biceps ipsilateral or contralateral to the motor imagery introduces a significant bias in the BCI accuracy. This bias is consistent with a drop in performance generated by stimulation of the contralateral limb. Users demonstrated the capability to overcome this bias with training.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "7182dfe75bc09df526da51cd5c8c8d20",
"text": "Rapid progress has been made towards question answering (QA) systems that can extract answers from text. Existing neural approaches make use of expensive bidirectional attention mechanisms or score all possible answer spans, limiting scalability. We propose instead to cast extractive QA as an iterative search problem: select the answer’s sentence, start word, and end word. This representation reduces the space of each search step and allows computation to be conditionally allocated to promising search paths. We show that globally normalizing the decision process and back-propagating through beam search makes this representation viable and learning efficient. We empirically demonstrate the benefits of this approach using our model, Globally Normalized Reader (GNR), which achieves the second highest single model performance on the Stanford Question Answering Dataset (68.4 EM, 76.21 F1 dev) and is 24.7x faster than bi-attention-flow. We also introduce a data-augmentation method to produce semantically valid examples by aligning named entities to a knowledge base and swapping them with new entities of the same type. This method improves the performance of all models considered in this work and is of independent interest for a variety of NLP tasks.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "803a5dbedf309cec97d130438e687002",
"text": "Affective computing is a newly trend the main goal is exploring the human emotion things. The human emotion is leaded into a key position of behavior clue, and hence it should be included within the sensible model when an intelligent system aims to simulate or forecast human responses. This research utilizes decision tree one of data mining model to classify the emotion. This research integrates and manipulates the Thayer's emotion mode and color theory into the decision tree model, C4.5 for an innovative emotion detecting system. This paper uses 320 data in four emotion groups to train and build the decision tree for verifying the accuracy in this system. The result reveals that C4.5 decision tree model can be effective classified the emotion by feedback color from human. For the further research, colors will not the only human behavior clues, even more than all the factors from human interaction.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "8d30afbccfa76492b765f69d34cd6634",
"text": "Commonsense knowledge is vital to many natural language processing tasks. In this paper, we present a novel open-domain conversation generation model to demonstrate how large-scale commonsense knowledge can facilitate language understanding and generation. Given a user post, the model retrieves relevant knowledge graphs from a knowledge base and then encodes the graphs with a static graph attention mechanism, which augments the semantic information of the post and thus supports better understanding of the post. Then, during word generation, the model attentively reads the retrieved knowledge graphs and the knowledge triples within each graph to facilitate better generation through a dynamic graph attention mechanism. This is the first attempt that uses large-scale commonsense knowledge in conversation generation. Furthermore, unlike existing models that use knowledge triples (entities) separately and independently, our model treats each knowledge graph as a whole, which encodes more structured, connected semantic information in the graphs. Experiments show that the proposed model can generate more appropriate and informative responses than stateof-the-art baselines.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "692207fdd7e27a04924000648f8b1bbf",
"text": "Many animals, on air, water, or land, navigate in three-dimensional (3D) environments, yet it remains unclear how brain circuits encode the animal's 3D position. We recorded single neurons in freely flying bats, using a wireless neural-telemetry system, and studied how hippocampal place cells encode 3D volumetric space during flight. Individual place cells were active in confined 3D volumes, and in >90% of the neurons, all three axes were encoded with similar resolution. The 3D place fields from different neurons spanned different locations and collectively represented uniformly the available space in the room. Theta rhythmicity was absent in the firing patterns of 3D place cells. These results suggest that the bat hippocampus represents 3D volumetric space by a uniform and nearly isotropic rate code.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "3bbb7d9e7ec90a4d9ab28dad1727fe70",
"text": "Space-frequency (SF) codes that exploit both spatial and frequency diversity can be designed using orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM). However, OFDM is sensitive to frequency offset (FO), which generates intercarrier interference (ICI) among subcarriers. We investigate the pair-wise error probability (PEP) performance of SF codes over quasistatic, frequency selective Rayleigh fading channels with FO. We prove that the conventional SF code design criteria remain valid. The negligible performance loss for small FOs (less than 1%), however, increases with FO and with signal to noise ratio (SNR). While diversity can be used to mitigate ICI, as FO increases, the PEP does not rapidly decay with SNR. Therefore, we propose a new class of SF codes called ICI self-cancellation SF (ISC-SF) codes to combat ICI effectively even with high FO (10%). ISC-SF codes are constructed from existing full diversity space-time codes. Importantly, our code design provide a satisfactory tradeoff among error correction ability, ICI reduction and spectral efficiency. Furthermore, we demonstrate that ISC-SF codes can also mitigate the ICI caused by phase noise and time varying channels. Simulation results affirm the theoretical analysis.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "6ad90319d07abce021eda6f3a1d3886e",
"text": "Despite recent progress in generative image modeling, successfully generating high-resolution, diverse samples from complex datasets such as ImageNet remains an elusive goal. To this end, we train Generative Adversarial Networks at the largest scale yet attempted, and study the instabilities specific to such scale. We find that applying orthogonal regularization to the generator renders it amenable to a simple “truncation trick,” allowing fine control over the trade-off between sample fidelity and variety by truncating the latent space. Our modifications lead to models which set the new state of the art in class-conditional image synthesis. When trained on ImageNet at 128×128 resolution, our models (BigGANs) achieve an Inception Score (IS) of 166.3 and Fréchet Inception Distance (FID) of 9.6, improving over the previous best IS of 52.52 and FID of 18.65.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "a898f3e513b2c738c476cfb9a519d4dd",
"text": "In addition to training our policy on the goals that were generated in the current iteration, we also save a list (“regularized replay buffer”) of goals that were generated during previous iterations (update replay). These goals are also used to train our policy, so that our policy does not forget how to achieve goals that it has previously learned. When we generate goals for our policy to train on, we sample two thirds of the goals from the Goal GAN and we sample the one third of the goals uniformly from the replay buffer. To prevent the replay buffer from concentrating in a small portion of goal space, we only insert new goals that are further away than from the goals already in the buffer, where we chose the goal-space metric and to be the same as the ones introduced in Section 3.1.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "63d9f909fe0d5d614fd13b8a6676fab3",
"text": "Awareness of other vehicle's intention may help human drivers or autonomous vehicles judge the risk and avoid traffic accidents. This paper proposed an approach to predicting driver's intentions using Hidden Markov Model (HMM) which is able to access the control and the state of the vehicle. The driver performs maneuvers including stop/non-stop, change lane left/right and turn left/right in a simulator in both highway and urban environments. Moreover, the structure of the road (curved road) is also taken into account for classification. Experiments were conducted with different input sets (steering wheel data with and without vehicle state data) to compare the system performance.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "0502b30d45e6f51a7eb0eeec1f0af2e9",
"text": "Identification and extraction of singing voice from within musical mixtures is a key challenge in sourc e separation and machine audition. Recently, deep neural network s (DNN) have been used to estimate 'ideal' binary masks for carefully controlled cocktail party speech separation problems. However, it is not yet known whether these methods are capab le of generalizing to the discrimination of voice and non -voice in the context of musical mixtures. Here, we trained a con volutional DNN (of around a billion parameters) to provide probabilistic estimates of the ideal binary mask for separation o f vocal sounds from real-world musical mixtures. We contrast our DNN results with more traditional linear methods. Our approach may be useful for automatic removal of vocal sounds from musical mixtures for 'karaoke' type applications.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "cf020ec1d5fbaa42d4699b16d27434d0",
"text": "Direct methods for restoration of images blurred by motion are analyzed and compared. The term direct means that the considered methods are performed in a one-step fashion without any iterative technique. The blurring point-spread function is assumed to be unknown, and therefore the image restoration process is called blind deconvolution. What is believed to be a new direct method, here called the whitening method, was recently developed. This method and other existing direct methods such as the homomorphic and the cepstral techniques are studied and compared for a variety of motion types. Various criteria such as quality of restoration, sensitivity to noise, and computation requirements are considered. It appears that the recently developed method shows some improvements over other older methods. The research presented here clarifies the differences among the direct methods and offers an experimental basis for choosing which blind deconvolution method to use. In addition, some improvements on the methods are suggested.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "950b2ce943f125a3b8e952f32fd45715",
"text": "Domain adaptation plays an important role for speech recognition models, in particular, for domains that have low resources. We propose a novel generative model based on cyclicconsistent generative adversarial network (CycleGAN) for unsupervised non-parallel speech domain adaptation. The proposed model employs multiple independent discriminators on the power spectrogram, each in charge of different frequency bands. As a result we have 1) better discriminators that focus on fine-grained details of the frequency features, and 2) a generator that is capable of generating more realistic domainadapted spectrogram. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our method on speech recognition with gender adaptation, where the model only has access to supervised data from one gender during training, but is evaluated on the other at test time. Our model is able to achieve an average of 7.41% on phoneme error rate, and 11.10% word error rate relative performance improvement as compared to the baseline, on TIMIT and WSJ dataset, respectively. Qualitatively, our model also generates more natural sounding speech, when conditioned on data from the other domain.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "cfc2c98e3422d32ca4c30fea1f18b74a",
"text": "While it is known that academic searchers differ from typical web searchers, little is known about the search behavior of academic searchers over longer periods of time. In this study we take a look at academic searchers through a large-scale log analysis on a major academic search engine. We focus on two aspects: query reformulation patterns and topic shifts in queries. We first analyze how each of these aspects evolve over time. We identify important query reformulation patterns: revisiting and issuing new queries tend to happen more often over time. We also find that there are two distinct types of users: one type of users becomes increasingly focused on the topics they search for as time goes by, and the other becomes increasingly diversifying. After analyzing these two aspects separately, we investigate whether, and to which degree, there is a correlation between topic shifts and query reformulations. Surprisingly, users’ preferences of query reformulations correlate little with their topic shift tendency. However, certain reformulations may help predict the magnitude of the topic shift that happens in the immediate next timespan. Our results shed light on academic searchers’ information seeking behavior and may benefit search personalization.",
"title": ""
}
] | scidocsrr |
357eff2ff2aaed72bedd619fad1d4577 | Real-Time Movie-Induced Discrete Emotion Recognition from EEG Signals | [
{
"docid": "fb2ce776c503168e82cc3ffac9c205dd",
"text": "Artifact rejection is a central issue when dealing with electroencephalogram recordings. Although independent component analysis (ICA) separates data in linearly independent components (IC), the classification of these components as artifact or EEG signal still requires visual inspection by experts. In this paper, we achieve automated artifact elimination using linear discriminant analysis (LDA) for classification of feature vectors extracted from ICA components via image processing algorithms. We compare the performance of this automated classifier to visual classification by experts and identify range filtering as a feature extraction method with great potential for automated IC artifact recognition (accuracy rate 88%). We obtain almost the same level of recognition performance for geometric features and local binary pattern (LBP) features. Compared to the existing automated solutions the proposed method has two main advantages: First, it does not depend on direct recording of artifact signals, which then, e.g. have to be subtracted from the contaminated EEG. Second, it is not limited to a specific number or type of artifact. In summary, the present method is an automatic, reliable, real-time capable and practical tool that reduces the time intensive manual selection of ICs for artifact removal. The results are very promising despite the relatively small channel resolution of 25 electrodes.",
"title": ""
}
] | [
{
"docid": "c4a2e600e54fc42e878897e5cda40ac7",
"text": "Convolutional-deconvolution networks can be adopted to perform end-to-end saliency detection. But, they do not work well with objects of multiple scales. To overcome such a limitation, in this work, we propose a recurrent attentional convolutional-deconvolution network (RACDNN). Using spatial transformer and recurrent network units, RACDNN is able to iteratively attend to selected image sub-regions to perform saliency refinement progressively. Besides tackling the scale problem, RACDNN can also learn context-aware features from past iterations to enhance saliency refinement in future iterations. Experiments on several challenging saliency detection datasets validate the effectiveness of RACDNN, and show that RACDNN outperforms state-of-the-art saliency detection methods.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "1fab94344313400bbef96c81bc14017b",
"text": "The American Society for Apheresis (ASFA) Journal of Clinical Apheresis (JCA) Special Issue Writing Committee is charged with reviewing, updating, and categorizing indications for the evidence-based use of therapeutic apheresis in human disease. Since the 2007 JCA Special Issue (Fourth Edition), the Committee has incorporated systematic review and evidence-based approaches in the grading and categorization of apheresis indications. This Seventh Edition of the JCA Special Issue continues to maintain this methodology and rigor to make recommendations on the use of apheresis in a wide variety of diseases/conditions. The JCA Seventh Edition, like its predecessor, has consistently applied the category and grading system definitions in the fact sheets. The general layout and concept of a fact sheet that was used since the fourth edition has largely been maintained in this edition. Each fact sheet succinctly summarizes the evidence for the use of therapeutic apheresis in a specific disease entity. The Seventh Edition discusses 87 fact sheets (14 new fact sheets since the Sixth Edition) for therapeutic apheresis diseases and medical conditions, with 179 indications, which are separately graded and categorized within the listed fact sheets. Several diseases that are Category IV which have been described in detail in previous editions and do not have significant new evidence since the last publication are summarized in a separate table. The Seventh Edition of the JCA Special Issue serves as a key resource that guides the utilization of therapeutic apheresis in the treatment of human disease. J. Clin. Apheresis 31:149-162, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "2f2be97ad06ded172333c29b32fd3f0d",
"text": "Measurement uncertainty is traditionally represented in the form of expanded uncertainty as defined through the Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement (GUM). The International Organization for Standardization GUM represents uncertainty through confidence intervals based on the variances and means derived from probability density functions. A new approach to the evaluation of measurement uncertainty based on the polynomial chaos theory is presented and compared with the traditional GUM method",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "d1041afcb50a490034740add2cce3f0d",
"text": "Inverse synthetic aperture radar imaging of moving targets with a stepped frequency waveform presents unique challenges. Intra-step target motion introduces phase discontinuities between frequency bands, which in turn produce degraded range side lobes. Frequency stitching of the stepped-frequency waveform to emulate a contiguous bandwidth can dramatically reduce the effective pulse repetition frequency, which then may impact the maximize target size that can be unambiguously measured and imaged via ISAR. This paper analyzes these effects and validates results via simulated data.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "19cc879d09bb01ae363b532ef9056ae8",
"text": "This paper proposes a system that can detect and rephrase profanity in Chinese text. Rather than just masking detected profanity, we want to revise the input sentence by using inoffensive words while keeping their original meanings. 29 of such rephrasing rules were invented after observing sentences on real-word social websites. The overall accuracy of the proposed system is 85.56%",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "aa23e075bbd0f87ae8a8a9eadae4e697",
"text": "Mammogram classification is directly related to computer-aided diagnosis of breast cancer. Traditional methods requires great effort to annotate the training data by costly manual labeling and specialized computational models to detect these annotations during test. Inspired by the success of using deep convolutional features for natural image analysis and multi-instance learning for labeling a set of instances/patches, we propose end-to-end trained deep multiinstance networks for mass classification based on whole mammogram without the aforementioned costly need to annotate the training data. We explore three different schemes to construct deep multi-instance networks for whole mammogram classification. Experimental results on the INbreast dataset demonstrate the robustness of proposed deep networks compared to previous work using segmentation and detection annotations in the training.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "efb9686dbd690109e8e5341043648424",
"text": "Because of the precise temporal resolution of electrophysiological recordings, the event-related potential (ERP) technique has proven particularly valuable for testing theories of perception and attention. Here, I provide a brief tutorial on the ERP technique for consumers of such research and those considering the use of human electrophysiology in their own work. My discussion begins with the basics regarding what brain activity ERPs measure and why they are well suited to reveal critical aspects of perceptual processing, attentional selection, and cognition, which are unobservable with behavioral methods alone. I then review a number of important methodological issues and often-forgotten facts that should be considered when evaluating or planning ERP experiments.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "e06e2690d53892918c3deb9db35e34d1",
"text": "There is a growing demand for accurate high-resolution land cover maps in many fields, e.g., in land-use planning and biodiversity conservation. Developing such maps has been performed using Object-Based Image Analysis (OBIA) methods, which usually reach good accuracies, but require a high human supervision and the best configuration for one image can hardly be extrapolated to a different image. Recently, the deep learning Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) have shown outstanding results in object recognition in the field of computer vision. However, they have not been fully explored yet in land cover mapping for detecting species of high biodiversity conservation interest. This paper analyzes the potential of CNNs-based methods for plant species detection using free high-resolution Google Earth images and provides an objective comparison with the state-of-the-art OBIA-methods. We consider as case study the detection of Ziziphus lotus shrubs, which are protected as a priority habitat under the European Union Habitats Directive. According to our results, compared to OBIA-based methods, the proposed CNNbased detection model, in combination with data-augmentation, transfer learning and pre-processing, achieves higher performance with less human ∗Both authors have contributed equally to this work 1 ar X iv :1 70 6. 00 91 7v 1 [ cs .C V ] 3 J un 2 01 7 intervention and the knowledge it acquires in the first image can be transferred to other images, which makes the detection process very fast. The provided methodology can be systematically reproduced for other species detection.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "393513f676132d333bb1ebff884da7b7",
"text": "This paper reports an investigation of some methods for isolating, or segmenting, characters during the reading of machineprinted text by optical character recognition systems. Two new segmentation algorithms using feature extraction techniques are presented; both are intended for use in the recognition of machine-printed lines of lo-, 11and 12-pitch serif-type multifont characters. One of the methods, called quasi-topological segmentation, bases the decision to “section” a character on a combination of featureextraction and character-width measurements. The other method, topological segmentation, involves feature extraction alone. The algorithms have been tested with an evaluation method that is independent of any particular recognition system. Test results are based on application of the algorithm to upper-case alphanumeric characters gathered from print sources that represent the existing world of machine printing. The topological approach demonstrated better performance on the test data than did the quasitopological approach. Introduction When character recognition systems are structured to recognize one character at a time, some means must be provided to divide the incoming data stream into segments that define the beginning and end of each character. Writing about this aspect of pattern recognition in his review article, G. Nagy [l] stated that “object isolation is all too often ignored in laboratory studies. Yet touching characters are responsible for the majority of errors in the automatic reading of both machine-printed and hand-printed text. . . . ” The importance of the touching-character problem in the design of practical character recognition machines motivated the laboratory study reported in this paper. We present two new algorithms for separating upper-case serif characters, develop a general philosophy for evaluating the effectiveness of segmentation algorithms, and evaluate the performance of our algorithms when they are applied to lo-, 11and 12-pitch alphanumeric characters. The segmentation algorithms were developed specifically for potential use with recognition systems that use a raster-type scanner to produce an analog video signal that is digitized before presentation of the data to the recognition logic. The raster is assumed to move from right to left across a line of printed characters and to make approximately 20 vertical scans per character. This approach to recognition technology is the one most commonly used in IBM’s current optical character recognition machines. A paper on the IBM 1975 Optical Page Reader [2] gives one example of how the approach has been implemented. Other approaches to recognition technology may not require that decisions be made to identify the beginning and end of characters. Nevertheless, the performance of any recognition system is affected by the presence of touching characters and the design of recognition algorithms must take the problem into account (see Clayden, Clowes and Parks [3]). Simple character recognition systeMs of the type we are concerned with perform segmentation by requiring that bit patterns of characters be separated by scans containing no “black” bits. However, this method is rarely adequate to separate characters printed in the common business-machine and typewriter fonts. These fonts, after all, were not designed with machine recognition in mind; but they are nevertheless the fonts it is most desirable for a machine to be able to recognize. In the 12-pitch, serif-type fonts examined for the present study, up to 35 percent of the segments occurred not at blank scans, but within touching character pairs. 153 SEGMENTATION ALGORITHMS MARCH 1971",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "61af1eead475eb4489b4a421fb9cbb09",
"text": "This article describes a reliable gateway for in-vehicle networks. Such networks include local interconnect networks, controller area networks, and FlexRay. There is some latency when transferring a message from one node (source) to another node (destination). A high probability of error exists due to different protocol specifications such as baud-rate, and message frame format. Therefore, deploying a reliable gateway is a challenge to the automotive industry. We propose a reliable gateway based on the OSEK/VDX components for in-vehicle networks. We also examine the gateway system developed, and then we evaluate the performance of our proposed system.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "210e22e098340e4f858b4ceab1c643e6",
"text": "Dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) controlled puff induction and repression (or non-induction) in larval polytene chromosomes of Chironomus tentans were studied for the case of the Balbiani rings (BR). A characteristic reaction pattern, involving BR 1, BR 2 and BR 3, all in salivary gland chromosome IV was found. In vivo exposure of 4th instar larvae (not prepupae) to 10% DMSO at 18° C first evokes an over-stimulation of BR 3 while DMSO-stimulation of puffing at BR 1 and BR 2 always follows that of BR 3. After removal of the drug, a rapid uniform collapse of all puffs occurs, thus more or less restoring the banding pattern of all previously decondensed chromosome segments. Recovery proceeds as BR's and other puffs reappear. By observing the restoration, one can locate the site from which a BR (puff) originates. BR 2, which is normally the most active non-ribosomal gene locus in untreated larvae, here serves as an example. As the sizes of BR 3, BR 1 and BR 2 change, so do the quantities of the transcriptional products in these gene loci (and vice versa), as estimated electron-microscopically in ultrathin sections and autoradiographically in squash preparations. In autoradiograms, the DMSO-stimulated BRs exhibit the most dense concentration of silver grains and therefore the highest rate of transcriptional activity. In DMSO-repressed BRs (and other puffs) the transcription of the locus specific genes is not completely shut off. In chromosomes from nuclei with high labelling intensities the repressed BRs (and other puffs) always exhibit a low level of 3H-uridine incorporation in vivo. The absence of cytologically visible BR (puff) formation therefore does not necessarily indicate complete transcriptional inactivity. Typically, before the stage of puff formation the 3H-uridine labelling first appears in the interband-like regions.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "79b3ed4c5e733c73b5e7ebfdf6069293",
"text": "This paper addresses the problem of simultaneous 3D reconstruction and material recognition and segmentation. Enabling robots to recognise different materials (concrete, metal etc.) in a scene is important for many tasks, e.g. robotic interventions in nuclear decommissioning. Previous work on 3D semantic reconstruction has predominantly focused on recognition of everyday domestic objects (tables, chairs etc.), whereas previous work on material recognition has largely been confined to single 2D images without any 3D reconstruction. Meanwhile, most 3D semantic reconstruction methods rely on computationally expensive post-processing, using Fully-Connected Conditional Random Fields (CRFs), to achieve consistent segmentations. In contrast, we propose a deep learning method which performs 3D reconstruction while simultaneously recognising different types of materials and labeling them at the pixel level. Unlike previous methods, we propose a fully end-to-end approach, which does not require hand-crafted features or CRF post-processing. Instead, we use only learned features, and the CRF segmentation constraints are incorporated inside the fully end-to-end learned system. We present the results of experiments, in which we trained our system to perform real-time 3D semantic reconstruction for 23 different materials in a real-world application. The run-time performance of the system can be boosted to around 10Hz, using a conventional GPU, which is enough to achieve realtime semantic reconstruction using a 30fps RGB-D camera. To the best of our knowledge, this work is the first real-time end-to-end system for simultaneous 3D reconstruction and material recognition.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "47c88bb234a6e21e8037a67e6dd2444f",
"text": "Lacking an operational theory to explain the organization and behaviour of matter in unicellular and multicellular organisms hinders progress in biology. Such a theory should address life cycles from ontogenesis to death. This theory would complement the theory of evolution that addresses phylogenesis, and would posit theoretical extensions to accepted physical principles and default states in order to grasp the living state of matter and define proper biological observables. Thus, we favour adopting the default state implicit in Darwin’s theory, namely, cell proliferation with variation plus motility, and a framing principle, namely, life phenomena manifest themselves as non-identical iterations of morphogenetic processes. From this perspective, organisms become a consequence of the inherent variability generated by proliferation, motility and self-organization. Morphogenesis would then be the result of the default state plus physical constraints, like gravity, and those present in living organisms, like muscular tension.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "d5e5d79b8a06d4944ee0c3ddcd84ce4c",
"text": "Recent years have observed a significant progress in information retrieval and natural language processing with deep learning technologies being successfully applied into almost all of their major tasks. The key to the success of deep learning is its capability of accurately learning distributed representations (vector representations or structured arrangement of them) of natural language expressions such as sentences, and effectively utilizing the representations in the tasks. This tutorial aims at summarizing and introducing the results of recent research on deep learning for information retrieval, in order to stimulate and foster more significant research and development work on the topic in the future.\n The tutorial mainly consists of three parts. In the first part, we introduce the fundamental techniques of deep learning for natural language processing and information retrieval, such as word embedding, recurrent neural networks, and convolutional neural networks. In the second part, we explain how deep learning, particularly representation learning techniques, can be utilized in fundamental NLP and IR problems, including matching, translation, classification, and structured prediction. In the third part, we describe how deep learning can be used in specific application tasks in details. The tasks are search, question answering (from either documents, database, or knowledge base), and image retrieval.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "a0f8af71421d484cbebb550a0bf59a6d",
"text": "researchers and practitioners doing work in these three related areas. Risk management, fraud detection, and intrusion detection all involve monitoring the behavior of populations of users (or their accounts) to estimate, plan for, avoid, or detect risk. In his paper, Til Schuermann (Oliver, Wyman, and Company) categorizes risk into market risk, credit risk, and operating risk (or fraud). Similarly, Barry Glasgow (Metropolitan Life Insurance Co.) discusses inherent risk versus fraud. This workshop focused primarily on what might loosely be termed “improper behavior,” which includes fraud, intrusion, delinquency, and account defaulting. However, Glasgow does discuss the estimation of “inherent risk,” which is the bread and butter of insurance firms. Problems of predicting, preventing, and detecting improper behavior share characteristics that complicate the application of existing AI and machine-learning technologies. In particular, these problems often have or require more than one of the following that complicate the technical problem of automatically learning predictive models: large volumes of (historical) data, highly skewed distributions (“improper behavior” occurs far less frequently than “proper behavior”), changing distributions (behaviors change over time), widely varying error costs (in certain contexts, false positive errors are far more costly than false negatives), costs that change over time, adaptation of undesirable behavior to detection techniques, changing patterns of legitimate behavior, the trad■ The 1997 AAAI Workshop on AI Approaches to Fraud Detection and Risk Management brought together over 50 researchers and practitioners to discuss problems of fraud detection, computer intrusion detection, and risk scoring. This article presents highlights, including discussions of problematic issues that are common to these application domains, and proposed solutions that apply a variety of AI techniques.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "886c284d72a01db9bc4eb9467e14bbbb",
"text": "The Bitcoin cryptocurrency introduced a novel distributed consensus mechanism relying on economic incentives. While a coalition controlling a majority of computational power may undermine the system, for example by double-spending funds, it is often assumed it would be incentivized not to attack to protect its long-term stake in the health of the currency. We show how an attacker might purchase mining power (perhaps at a cost premium) for a short duration via bribery. Indeed, bribery can even be performed in-band with the system itself enforcing the bribe. A bribing attacker would not have the same concerns about the long-term health of the system, as their majority control is inherently short-lived. New modeling assumptions are needed to explain why such attacks have not been observed in practice. The need for all miners to avoid short-term profits by accepting bribes further suggests a potential tragedy of the commons which has not yet been analyzed.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "1874bd466665e39dbb4bd28b2b0f0d6e",
"text": "Pattern recognition encompasses two fundamental tasks: description and classification. Given an object to analyze, a pattern recognition system first generates a description of it (i.e., the pattern) and then classifies the object based on that description (i.e., the recognition). Two general approaches for implementing pattern recognition systems, statistical and structural, employ different techniques for description and classification. Statistical approaches to pattern recognition use decision-theoretic concepts to discriminate among objects belonging to different groups based upon their quantitative features. Structural approaches to pattern recognition use syntactic grammars to discriminate among objects belonging to different groups based upon the arrangement of their morphological (i.e., shape-based or structural) features. Hybrid approaches to pattern recognition combine aspects of both statistical and structural pattern recognition. Structural pattern recognition systems are difficult to apply to new domains because implementation of both the description and classification tasks requires domain knowledge. Knowledge acquisition techniques necessary to obtain domain knowledge from experts are tedious and often fail to produce a complete and accurate knowledge base. Consequently, applications of structural pattern recognition have been primarily restricted to domains in which the set of useful morphological features has been established in the literature (e.g., speech recognition and character recognition) and the syntactic grammars can be composed by hand (e.g., electrocardiogram diagnosis). To overcome this limitation, a domain-independent approach to structural pattern recognition is needed that is capable of extracting morphological features and performing classification without relying on domain knowledge. A hybrid system that employs a statistical classification technique to perform discrimination based on structural features is a natural solution. While a statistical classifier is inherently domain independent, the domain knowledge necessary to support the description task can be eliminated with a set of generally-useful morphological features. Such a set of morphological features is suggested as the foundation for the development of a suite of structure detectors to perform generalized feature extraction for structural pattern recognition in time-series data. The ability of the suite of structure detectors to generate features useful for structural pattern recognition is evaluated by comparing the classification accuracies achieved when using the structure detectors versus commonly-used statistical feature extractors. Two real-world databases with markedly different characteristics and established ground truth serve as sources of data for the evaluation. The classification accuracies achieved using the features extracted by the structure detectors were consistently as good as or better than the classification accuracies achieved when using the features generated by the statistical feature extractors, thus demonstrating that the suite of structure detectors effectively performs generalized feature extraction for structural pattern recognition in time-series data.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "3601a56b6c68864da31ac5aaa67bff1a",
"text": "Information asymmetry exists amongst stakeholders in the current food supply chain. Lack of standardization in data format, lack of regulations, and siloed, legacy information systems exasperate the problem. Global agriculture trade is increasing creating a greater need for traceability in the global supply chain. This paper introduces Harvest Network, a theoretical end-to-end, vis a vie “farm-to-fork”, food traceability application integrating the Ethereum blockchain and IoT devices exchanging GS1 message standards. The goal is to create a distributed ledger accessible for all stakeholders in the supply chain. Our design effort creates a basic framework (artefact) for building a prototype or simulation using existing technologies and protocols [1]. The next step is for industry practitioners and researchers to apply AGILE methods for creating working prototypes and advanced projects that bring about greater transparency.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "db0c9001e1be19b57e954a19ada18d06",
"text": "A small-size broadband circularly polarized U-slot patch antenna with dual-feed is proposed. By introducing an additional feeding probe near the vertical slot of the conventional singly fed square U-slot patch antenna printed on a high-permittivity substrate, two series resonances in close proximity are excited. The two resonant frequencies are found to be independent of the orientation of U-slot with respect to the patch, and broadband circular polarization is achieved by introducing a nonquadrature phase difference between two feeding ports. Experimental results show that the overlapped bandwidth of VSWR ≤ 1.5 and AR ≤ 3 dB is over 20% with a small overall size of 0.33λ<sub>0</sub> × 0.33λ<sub>0</sub> × 0.068λ<sub>0</sub>, where λ<sub>0</sub> is the free-space wavelength at the center frequency within the operating band.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "ce31be5bfeb05a30c5479a3192d20f93",
"text": "Network embedding represents nodes in a continuous vector space and preserves structure information from the Network. Existing methods usually adopt a “one-size-fits-all” approach when concerning multi-scale structure information, such as firstand second-order proximity of nodes, ignoring the fact that different scales play different roles in the embedding learning. In this paper, we propose an Attention-based Adversarial Autoencoder Network Embedding(AAANE) framework, which promotes the collaboration of different scales and lets them vote for robust representations. The proposed AAANE consists of two components: 1) Attention-based autoencoder effectively capture the highly non-linear network structure, which can de-emphasize irrelevant scales during training. 2) An adversarial regularization guides the autoencoder learn robust representations by matching the posterior distribution of the latent embeddings to given prior distribution. This is the first attempt to introduce attention mechanisms to multi-scale network embedding. Experimental results on realworld networks show that our learned attention parameters are different for every network and the proposed approach outperforms existing state-ofthe-art approaches for network embedding.",
"title": ""
}
] | scidocsrr |
c7b3a675e2e93e6900bfba1fea945c7f | Grab 'n Run: Secure and Practical Dynamic Code Loading for Android Applications | [
{
"docid": "6ee601387e550e896b3a3938016b03f7",
"text": "Android phone manufacturers are under the perpetual pressure to move quickly on their new models, continuously customizing Android to fit their hardware. However, the security implications of this practice are less known, particularly when it comes to the changes made to Android's Linux device drivers, e.g., those for camera, GPS, NFC etc. In this paper, we report the first study aimed at a better understanding of the security risks in this customization process. Our study is based on ADDICTED, a new tool we built for automatically detecting some types of flaws in customized driver protection. Specifically, on a customized phone, ADDICTED performs dynamic analysis to correlate the operations on a security-sensitive device to its related Linux files, and then determines whether those files are under-protected on the Linux layer by comparing them with their counterparts on an official Android OS. In this way, we can detect a set of likely security flaws on the phone. Using the tool, we analyzed three popular phones from Samsung, identified their likely flaws and built end-to-end attacks that allow an unprivileged app to take pictures and screenshots, and even log the keys the user enters through touch screen. Some of those flaws are found to exist on over a hundred phone models and affect millions of users. We reported the flaws and helped the manufacturers fix those problems. We further studied the security settings of device files on 2423 factory images from major phone manufacturers, discovered over 1,000 vulnerable images and also gained insights about how they are distributed across different Android versions, carriers and countries.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "6eb2c0e22ecc0816cb5f83292902d799",
"text": "In this paper, we demonstrate that Android malware can bypass all automated analysis systems, including AV solutions, mobile sandboxes, and the Google Bouncer. We propose a tool called Sand-Finger for the fingerprinting of Android-based analysis systems. By analyzing the fingerprints of ten unique analysis environments from different vendors, we were able to find characteristics in which all tested environments differ from actual hardware. Depending on the availability of an analysis system, malware can either behave benignly or load malicious code at runtime. We classify this group of malware as Divide-and-Conquer attacks that are efficiently obfuscated by a combination of fingerprinting and dynamic code loading. In this group, we aggregate attacks that work against dynamic as well as static analysis. To demonstrate our approach, we create proof-of-concept malware that surpasses up-to-date malware scanners for Android. We also prove that known malware samples can enter the Google Play Store by modifying them only slightly. Due to Android's lack of an API for malware scanning at runtime, it is impossible for AV solutions to secure Android devices against these attacks.",
"title": ""
}
] | [
{
"docid": "328a3e05fac7d118a99afd6197dac918",
"text": "Neural networks have recently had a lot of success for many tasks. However, neural network architectures that perform well are still typically designed manually by experts in a cumbersome trial-and-error process. We propose a new method to automatically search for well-performing CNN architectures based on a simple hill climbing procedure whose operators apply network morphisms, followed by short optimization runs by cosine annealing. Surprisingly, this simple method yields competitive results, despite only requiring resources in the same order of magnitude as training a single network. E.g., on CIFAR-10, our method designs and trains networks with an error rate below 6% in only 12 hours on a single GPU; training for one day reduces this error further, to almost 5%.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "01e6823392427274c4bd50cc1bf6bf6c",
"text": "The neocortex has a high capacity for plasticity. To understand the full scope of this capacity, it is essential to know how neurons choose particular partners to form synaptic connections. By using multineuron whole-cell recordings and confocal microscopy we found that axons of layer V neocortical pyramidal neurons do not preferentially project toward the dendrites of particular neighboring pyramidal neurons; instead, axons promiscuously touch all neighboring dendrites without any bias. Functional synaptic coupling of a small fraction of these neurons is, however, correlated with the existence of synaptic boutons at existing touch sites. These data provide the first direct experimental evidence for a tabula rasa-like structural matrix between neocortical pyramidal neurons and suggests that pre- and postsynaptic interactions shape the conversion between touches and synapses to form specific functional microcircuits. These data also indicate that the local neocortical microcircuit has the potential to be differently rewired without the need for remodeling axonal or dendritic arbors.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "490df7bfea3338d98cbc0bd945463606",
"text": "This study examined perceived coping (perceived problem-solving ability and progress in coping with problems) as a mediator between adult attachment (anxiety and avoidance) and psychological distress (depression, hopelessness, anxiety, anger, and interpersonal problems). Survey data from 515 undergraduate students were analyzed using structural equation modeling. Results indicated that perceived coping fully mediated the relationship between attachment anxiety and psychological distress and partially mediated the relationship between attachment avoidance and psychological distress. These findings suggest not only that it is important to consider attachment anxiety or avoidance in understanding distress but also that perceived coping plays an important role in these relationships. Implications for these more complex relations are discussed for both counseling interventions and further research.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "588a4eccb49bf0edf45456319b6d8ee4",
"text": "The VIENNA rectifiers have advantages of high efficiency as well as low output harmonics and are widely utilized in power conversion system when dc power sources are needed for supplying dc loads. VIENNA rectifiers based on three-phase/level can provide two voltage outputs with a neutral line at relatively low costs. However, total harmonic distortion (THD) of input current deteriorates seriously when unbalanced voltages occur. In addition, voltage outputs depend on system parameters, especially multiple loads. Therefore, unbalance output voltage controller and modified carrier-based pulse-width modulation (CBPWM) are proposed in this paper to solve the above problems. Unbalanced output voltage controller is designed based on average model considering independent output voltage and loads conditions. Meanwhile, reference voltages are modified according to different neutral point voltage conditions. The simulation and experimental results are presented to verify the proposed method.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "2ed43c3b8ea0997d334f48e012a357c9",
"text": "While recognized as a theoretical and practical concept for over 20 years, only now ransomware has taken centerstage as one of the most prevalent cybercrimes. Various reports demonstrate the enormous burden placed on companies, which have to grapple with the ongoing attack waves. At the same time, our strategic understanding of the threat and the adversarial interaction between organizations and cybercriminals perpetrating ransomware attacks is lacking. In this paper, we develop, to the best of our knowledge, the first gametheoretic model of the ransomware ecosystem. Our model captures a multi-stage scenario involving organizations from different industry sectors facing a sophisticated ransomware attacker. We place particular emphasis on the decision of companies to invest in backup technologies as part of a contingency plan, and the economic incentives to pay a ransom if impacted by an attack. We further study to which degree comprehensive industry-wide backup investments can serve as a deterrent for ongoing attacks.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "1ae161787669032d143226b41a380a66",
"text": "Automatic judgment prediction aims to predict the judicial results based on case materials. It has been studied for several decades mainly by lawyers and judges, considered as a novel and prospective application of artificial intelligence techniques in the legal field. Most existing methods follow the text classification framework, which fails to model the complex interactions among complementary case materials. To address this issue, we formalize the task as Legal Reading Comprehension according to the legal scenario. Following the working protocol of human judges, LRC predicts the final judgment results based on three types of information, including fact description, plaintiffs’ pleas, and law articles. Moreover, we propose a novel LRC model, AutoJudge, which captures the complex semantic interactions among facts, pleas, and laws. In experiments, we construct a real-world civil case dataset for LRC. Experimental results on this dataset demonstrate that our model achieves significant improvement over stateof-the-art models. We will publish all source codes and datasets of this work on github. com for further research.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "8bb30efa3f14fa0860d1e5bc1265c988",
"text": "The introduction of microgrids in distribution networks based on power electronics facilitates the use of renewable energy resources, distributed generation (DG) and storage systems while improving the quality of electric power and reducing losses thus increasing the performance and reliability of the electrical system, opens new horizons for microgrid applications integrated into electrical power systems. The hierarchical control structure consists of primary, secondary, and tertiary levels for microgrids that mimic the behavior of the mains grid is reviewed. The main objective of this paper is to give a description of state of the art for the distributed power generation systems (DPGS) based on renewable energy and explores the power converter connected in parallel to the grid which are distinguished by their contribution to the formation of the grid voltage and frequency and are accordingly classified in three classes. This analysis is extended focusing mainly on the three classes of configurations grid-forming, grid-feeding, and gridsupporting. The paper ends up with an overview and a discussion of the control structures and strategies to control distribution power generation system (DPGS) units connected to the network. Keywords— Distributed power generation system (DPGS); hierarchical control; grid-forming; grid-feeding; grid-supporting. Nomenclature Symbols id − iq Vd − Vq P Q ω E f U",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "9cddaea30d7dda82537c273e97bff008",
"text": "A low-offset latched comparator using new dynamic offset cancellation technique is proposed. The new technique achieves low offset voltage without pre-amplifier and quiescent current. Furthermore the overdrive voltage of the input transistor can be optimized to reduce the offset voltage of the comparator independent of the input common mode voltage. A prototype comparator has been fabricated in 90 nm 9M1P CMOS technology with 152 µm2. Experimental results show that the comparator achieves 3.8 mV offset at 1 sigma at 500 MHz operating, while dissipating 39 μW from a 1.2 V supply.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "f47019a78ee833dcb8c5d15a4762ccf9",
"text": "It has recently been shown that Bondi-van der Burg-Metzner-Sachs supertranslation symmetries imply an infinite number of conservation laws for all gravitational theories in asymptotically Minkowskian spacetimes. These laws require black holes to carry a large amount of soft (i.e., zero-energy) supertranslation hair. The presence of a Maxwell field similarly implies soft electric hair. This Letter gives an explicit description of soft hair in terms of soft gravitons or photons on the black hole horizon, and shows that complete information about their quantum state is stored on a holographic plate at the future boundary of the horizon. Charge conservation is used to give an infinite number of exact relations between the evaporation products of black holes which have different soft hair but are otherwise identical. It is further argued that soft hair which is spatially localized to much less than a Planck length cannot be excited in a physically realizable process, giving an effective number of soft degrees of freedom proportional to the horizon area in Planck units.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "6514ddb39c465a8ca207e24e60071e7f",
"text": "The psychometric properties and clinical utility of the Separation Anxiety Avoidance Inventory, child and parent version (SAAI-C/P) were examined in two studies. The aim of the SAAI, a self- and parent-report measure, is to evaluate the avoidance relating to separation anxiety disorder (SAD) situations. In the first study, a school sample of 384 children and their parents (n = 279) participated. In the second study, 102 children with SAD and 35 children with other anxiety disorders (AD) were investigated. In addition, 93 parents of children with SAD, and 35 parents of children with other AD participated. A two-factor structure was confirmed by confirmatory factor analysis. The SAAI-C and SAAI-P demonstrated good internal consistency, test-retest reliability, as well as construct and discriminant validity. Furthermore, the SAAI was sensitive to treatment change. The parent-child agreement was substantial. Overall, these results provide support for the use of the SAAI-C/P version in clinical and research settings.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "ad3147f3a633ec8612dc25dfde4a4f0c",
"text": "A half-bridge integrated zero-voltage-switching (ZVS) full-bridge converter with reduced conduction loss for battery on-board chargers in electric vehicles (EVs) or plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) is proposed in this paper. The proposed converter features a reduction in primary-conduction loss and a lower secondary-voltage stress. In addition, the proposed converter has the most favorable characteristics as battery chargers as follows: a full ZVS capability and a significantly reduced output filter size due to the improved output waveform. In this paper, the circuit configuration, operation principle, and relevant analysis results of the proposed converter are described, followed by the experimental results on a prototype converter realized with a scale-downed 2-kW battery charger for EVs or PHEVs. The experimental results validate the theoretical analysis and show the effectiveness of the proposed converter as battery on-board chargers for EVs or PHEVs.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "bad98c6d356f2dd49ec50365276f0247",
"text": "In this paper we investigate the co-authorship graph obtained from all papers published at SIGMOD between 1975 and 2002. We find some interesting facts, for instance, the identity of the authors who, on average, are \"closest\" to all other authors at a given time. We also show that SIGMOD's co-authorship graph is yet another example of a small world---a graph topology which has received a lot of attention recently. A companion web site for this paper can be found at http://db.cs.ualberta.ca/coauthorship.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "a4aab340255c068137d3b3a1daaf97b5",
"text": "We present here SEMILAR, a SEMantic simILARity toolkit. SEMILAR implements a number of algorithms for assessing the semantic similarity between two texts. It is available as a Java library and as a Java standalone application offering GUI-based access to the implemented semantic similarity methods. Furthermore, it offers facilities for manual semantic similarity annotation by experts through its component SEMILAT (a SEMantic simILarity Annotation Tool).",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "1e46143d47f5f221094d0bb09505be80",
"text": "Clinical Scenario: Patients who experience prolonged concussion symptoms can be diagnosed with postconcussion syndrome (PCS) when those symptoms persist longer than 4 weeks. Aerobic exercise protocols have been shown to be effective in improving physical and mental aspects of health. Emerging research suggests that aerobic exercise may be useful as a treatment for PCS, where exercise allows patients to feel less isolated and more active during the recovery process.\n\n\nCLINICAL QUESTION\nIs aerobic exercise more beneficial in reducing symptoms than current standard care in patients with prolonged symptoms or PCS lasting longer than 4 weeks? Summary of Key Findings: After a thorough literature search, 4 studies relevant to the clinical question were selected. Of the 4 studies, 1 study was a randomized control trial and 3 studies were case series. All 4 studies investigated aerobic exercise protocol as treatment for PCS. Three studies demonstrated a greater rate of symptom improvement from baseline assessment to follow-up after a controlled subsymptomatic aerobic exercise program. One study showed a decrease in symptoms in the aerobic exercise group compared with the full-body stretching group. Clinical Bottom Line: There is moderate evidence to support subsymptomatic aerobic exercise as a treatment of PCS; therefore, it should be considered as a clinical option for reducing PCS and prolonged concussion symptoms. A previously validated protocol, such as the Buffalo Concussion Treadmill test, Balke protocol, or rating of perceived exertion, as mentioned in this critically appraised topic, should be used to measure baseline values and treatment progression. Strength of Recommendation: Level C evidence exists that the aerobic exercise protocol is more effective than the current standard of care in treating PCS.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "5c97711d149d6744e3ea6d070016cd39",
"text": "This paper presents a clock generator for a MIPI M-PHY serial link transmitter, which includes an ADPLL, a digitally controlled oscillator (DCO), a programmable multiplier, and the actual serial driver. The paper focuses on the design of a DCO and how to enhance the frequency resolution to diminish the quantization noise introduced by the frequency discretization. As a result, a 17-kHz DCO frequency tuning resolution is demonstrated. Furthermore, implementation details of a low-power programmable 1-to-2-or-4 frequency multiplier are elaborated. The design has been implemented in a 40-nm CMOS process. The measurement results verify that the circuit provides the MIPI clock data rates from 1.248 GHz to 5.83 GHz. The DCO and multiplier unit dissipates a maximum of 3.9 mW from a 1.1 V supply and covers a small die area of 0.012 mm2.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "9a98e97bb786a0c57a68e4cf8e4fb7a8",
"text": "The application of frequent patterns in classification has demonstrated its power in recent studies. It often adopts a two-step approach: frequent pattern (or classification rule) mining followed by feature selection (or rule ranking). However, this two-step process could be computationally expensive, especially when the problem scale is large or the minimum support is low. It was observed that frequent pattern mining usually produces a huge number of \"patterns\" that could not only slow down the mining process but also make feature selection hard to complete. In this paper, we propose a direct discriminative pattern mining approach, DDPMine, to tackle the efficiency issue arising from the two-step approach. DDPMine performs a branch-and-bound search for directly mining discriminative patterns without generating the complete pattern set. Instead of selecting best patterns in a batch, we introduce a \"feature-centered\" mining approach that generates discriminative patterns sequentially on a progressively shrinking FP-tree by incrementally eliminating training instances. The instance elimination effectively reduces the problem size iteratively and expedites the mining process. Empirical results show that DDPMine achieves orders of magnitude speedup without any downgrade of classification accuracy. It outperforms the state-of-the-art associative classification methods in terms of both accuracy and efficiency.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "9809521909e01140c367dbfbf3a4aacd",
"text": "Understanding how housing values evolve over time is important to policy makers, consumers and real estate professionals. Existing methods for constructing housing indices are computed at a coarse spatial granularity, such as metropolitan regions, which can mask or distort price dynamics apparent in local markets, such as neighborhoods and census tracts. A challenge in moving to estimates at, for example, the census tract level is the scarcity of spatiotemporally localized house sales observations. Our work aims to address this challenge by leveraging observations from multiple census tracts discovered to have correlated valuation dynamics. Our proposed Bayesian nonparametric approach builds on the framework of latent factor models to enable a flexible, data-driven method for inferring the clustering of correlated census tracts. We explore methods for scalability and parallelizability of computations, yielding a housing valuation index at the level of census tract rather than zip code, and on a monthly basis rather than quarterly. Our analysis is provided on a large Seattle metropolitan housing dataset.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "a0f8af71421d484cbebb550a0bf59a6d",
"text": "researchers and practitioners doing work in these three related areas. Risk management, fraud detection, and intrusion detection all involve monitoring the behavior of populations of users (or their accounts) to estimate, plan for, avoid, or detect risk. In his paper, Til Schuermann (Oliver, Wyman, and Company) categorizes risk into market risk, credit risk, and operating risk (or fraud). Similarly, Barry Glasgow (Metropolitan Life Insurance Co.) discusses inherent risk versus fraud. This workshop focused primarily on what might loosely be termed “improper behavior,” which includes fraud, intrusion, delinquency, and account defaulting. However, Glasgow does discuss the estimation of “inherent risk,” which is the bread and butter of insurance firms. Problems of predicting, preventing, and detecting improper behavior share characteristics that complicate the application of existing AI and machine-learning technologies. In particular, these problems often have or require more than one of the following that complicate the technical problem of automatically learning predictive models: large volumes of (historical) data, highly skewed distributions (“improper behavior” occurs far less frequently than “proper behavior”), changing distributions (behaviors change over time), widely varying error costs (in certain contexts, false positive errors are far more costly than false negatives), costs that change over time, adaptation of undesirable behavior to detection techniques, changing patterns of legitimate behavior, the trad■ The 1997 AAAI Workshop on AI Approaches to Fraud Detection and Risk Management brought together over 50 researchers and practitioners to discuss problems of fraud detection, computer intrusion detection, and risk scoring. This article presents highlights, including discussions of problematic issues that are common to these application domains, and proposed solutions that apply a variety of AI techniques.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "4765cc56ea91dc8835be233bc227ec62",
"text": "Recognizing plants is a vital problem especially for biologists, chemists, and environmentalists. Plant recognition can be performed by human experts manually but it is a time consuming and low-efficiency process. Automation of plant recognition is an important process for the fields working with plants. This paper presents an approach for plant recognition using leaf images. Shape and color features extracted from leaf images are used with k-Nearest Neighbor, Support Vector Machines, Naive Bayes, and Random Forest classification algorithms to recognize plant types. The presented approach is tested on 1897 leaf images and 32 kinds of leaves. The results demonstrated that success rate of plant recognition can be improved up to 96% with Random Forest method when both shape and color features are used.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "44c0da7556c3fd5faacc7faf0d3692cf",
"text": "The study examined the etiology of individual differences in early drawing and of its longitudinal association with school mathematics. Participants (N = 14,760), members of the Twins Early Development Study, were assessed on their ability to draw a human figure, including number of features, symmetry, and proportionality. Human figure drawing was moderately stable across 6 months (average r = .40). Individual differences in drawing at age 4½ were influenced by genetic (.21), shared environmental (.30), and nonshared environmental (.49) factors. Drawing was related to later (age 12) mathematical ability (average r = .24). This association was explained by genetic and shared environmental factors that also influenced general intelligence. Some genetic factors, unrelated to intelligence, also contributed to individual differences in drawing.",
"title": ""
}
] | scidocsrr |
9432e1f552681e034a3e8875c681fa59 | A Retrieve-and-Edit Framework for Predicting Structured Outputs | [
{
"docid": "8ac8ad61dc5357f3dc3ab1020db8bada",
"text": "We show how to learn many layers of features on color images and we use these features to initialize deep autoencoders. We then use the autoencoders to map images to short binary codes. Using semantic hashing [6], 28-bit codes can be used to retrieve images that are similar to a query image in a time that is independent of the size of the database. This extremely fast retrieval makes it possible to search using multiple di erent transformations of the query image. 256-bit binary codes allow much more accurate matching and can be used to prune the set of images found using the 28-bit codes.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "121daac04555fd294eef0af9d0fb2185",
"text": "In this paper, we apply a general deep learning (DL) framework for the answer selection task, which does not depend on manually defined features or linguistic tools. The basic framework is to build the embeddings of questions and answers based on bidirectional long short-term memory (biLSTM) models, and measure their closeness by cosine similarity. We further extend this basic model in two directions. One direction is to define a more composite representation for questions and answers by combining convolutional neural network with the basic framework. The other direction is to utilize a simple but efficient attention mechanism in order to generate the answer representation according to the question context. Several variations of models are provided. The models are examined by two datasets, including TREC-QA and InsuranceQA. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed models substantially outperform several strong baselines.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "1a6ece40fa87e787f218902eba9b89f7",
"text": "Learning a similarity function between pairs of objects is at the core of learning to rank approaches. In information retrieval tasks we typically deal with query-document pairs, in question answering -- question-answer pairs. However, before learning can take place, such pairs needs to be mapped from the original space of symbolic words into some feature space encoding various aspects of their relatedness, e.g. lexical, syntactic and semantic. Feature engineering is often a laborious task and may require external knowledge sources that are not always available or difficult to obtain. Recently, deep learning approaches have gained a lot of attention from the research community and industry for their ability to automatically learn optimal feature representation for a given task, while claiming state-of-the-art performance in many tasks in computer vision, speech recognition and natural language processing. In this paper, we present a convolutional neural network architecture for reranking pairs of short texts, where we learn the optimal representation of text pairs and a similarity function to relate them in a supervised way from the available training data. Our network takes only words in the input, thus requiring minimal preprocessing. In particular, we consider the task of reranking short text pairs where elements of the pair are sentences. We test our deep learning system on two popular retrieval tasks from TREC: Question Answering and Microblog Retrieval. Our model demonstrates strong performance on the first task beating previous state-of-the-art systems by about 3\\% absolute points in both MAP and MRR and shows comparable results on tweet reranking, while enjoying the benefits of no manual feature engineering and no additional syntactic parsers.",
"title": ""
}
] | [
{
"docid": "2cddde920b40a245a5e1b4b1abb2e92b",
"text": "The aim of this research was to understand what affects people's privacy preferences in smartphone apps. We ran a four-week study in the wild with 34 participants. Participants were asked to answer questions, which were used to gather their personal context and to measure their privacy preferences by varying app name and purpose of data collection. Our results show that participants shared the most when no information about data access or purpose was given, and shared the least when both of these details were specified. When just one of either purpose or the requesting app was shown, participants shared less when just the purpose was specified than when just the app name was given. We found that the purpose for data access was the predominant factor affecting users' choices. In our study the purpose condition vary from being not specified, to vague to be very specific. Participants were more willing to disclose data when no purpose was specified. When a vague purpose was shown, participants became more privacy-aware and were less willing to disclose their information. When specific purposes were shown participants were more willing to disclose when the purpose for requesting the information appeared to be beneficial to them, and shared the least when the purpose for data access was solely beneficial to developers.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "38cbdd5d5cea74dfe381547dee53d0aa",
"text": "Type confusion, often combined with use-after-free, is the main attack vector to compromise modern C++ software like browsers or virtual machines. Typecasting is a core principle that enables modularity in C++. For performance, most typecasts are only checked statically, i.e., the check only tests if a cast is allowed for the given type hierarchy, ignoring the actual runtime type of the object. Using an object of an incompatible base type instead of a derived type results in type confusion. Attackers abuse such type confusion issues to attack popular software products including Adobe Flash, PHP, Google Chrome, or Firefox. We propose to make all type checks explicit, replacing static checks with full runtime type checks. To minimize the performance impact of our mechanism HexType, we develop both low-overhead data structures and compiler optimizations. To maximize detection coverage, we handle specific object allocation patterns, e.g., placement new or reinterpret_cast which are not handled by other mechanisms. Our prototype results show that, compared to prior work, HexType has at least 1.1 -- 6.1 times higher coverage on Firefox benchmarks. For SPEC CPU2006 benchmarks with overhead, we show a 2 -- 33.4 times reduction in overhead. In addition, HexType discovered 4 new type confusion bugs in Qt and Apache Xerces-C++.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "a93969b08efbc81c80129790d93e39de",
"text": "Text simplification aims to rewrite text into simpler versions, and thus make information accessible to a broader audience. Most previous work simplifies sentences using handcrafted rules aimed at splitting long sentences, or substitutes difficult words using a predefined dictionary. This paper presents a datadriven model based on quasi-synchronous grammar, a formalism that can naturally capture structural mismatches and complex rewrite operations. We describe how such a grammar can be induced from Wikipedia and propose an integer linear programming model for selecting the most appropriate simplification from the space of possible rewrites generated by the grammar. We show experimentally that our method creates simplifications that significantly reduce the reading difficulty of the input, while maintaining grammaticality and preserving its meaning.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "94a35547a45c06a90f5f50246968b77e",
"text": "In this paper we present a process called color transfer which can borrow one image's color characteristics from another. Recently Reinhard and his colleagues reported a pioneering work of color transfer. Their technology can produce very believable results, but has to transform pixel values from RGB to lαβ. Inspired by their work, we advise an approach which can directly deal with the color transfer in any 3D space.From the view of statistics, we consider pixel's value as a three-dimension stochastic variable and an image as a set of samples, so the correlations between three components can be measured by covariance. Our method imports covariance between three components of pixel values while calculate the mean along each of the three axes. Then we decompose the covariance matrix using SVD algorithm and get a rotation matrix. Finally we can scale, rotate and shift pixel data of target image to fit data points' cluster of source image in the current color space and get resultant image which takes on source image's look and feel. Besides the global processing, a swatch-based method is introduced in order to manipulate images' color more elaborately. Experimental results confirm the validity and usefulness of our method.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "47fb3483c8f4a5c0284fec3d3a309c09",
"text": "The Knowledge Base Population (KBP) track at the Text Analysis Conference 2010 marks the second year of this important information extraction evaluation. This paper describes the design and implementation of LCC’s systems which participated in the tasks of Entity Linking, Slot Filling, and the new task of Surprise Slot Filling. For the entity linking task, our top score was achieved through a robust context modeling approach which incorporates topical evidence. For slot filling, we used the output of the entity linking system together with a combination of different types of relation extractors. For surprise slot filling, our customizable extraction system was extremely useful due to the time sensitive nature of the task.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "ea33654bb04b06bae122fbded4b8df49",
"text": "The volume, veracity, variability, and velocity of data produced from the ever increasing network of sensors connected to Internet pose challenges for power management, scalability, and sustainability of cloud computing infrastructure. Increasing the data processing capability of edge computing devices at lower power requirements can reduce several overheads for cloud computing solutions. This paper provides the review of neuromorphic CMOS-memristive architectures that can be integrated into edge computing devices. We discuss why the neuromorphic architectures are useful for edge devices and show the advantages, drawbacks, and open problems in the field of neuromemristive circuits for edge computing.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "8e1b10ebb48b86ce151ab44dc0473829",
"text": "─ Cuckoo Search (CS) is a new met heuristic algorithm. It is being used for solving optimization problem. It was developed in 2009 by XinShe Yang and Susah Deb. Uniqueness of this algorithm is the obligatory brood parasitism behavior of some cuckoo species along with the Levy Flight behavior of some birds and fruit flies. Cuckoo Hashing to Modified CS have also been discussed in this paper. CS is also validated using some test functions. After that CS performance is compared with those of GAs and PSO. It has been shown that CS is superior with respect to GAs and PSO. At last, the effect of the experimental results are discussed and proposed for future research. Index terms ─ Cuckoo search, Levy Flight, Obligatory brood parasitism, NP-hard problem, Markov Chain, Hill climbing, Heavy-tailed algorithm.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "bc85e28da375e2a38e06f0332a18aef0",
"text": "Background: Statistical reviews of the theories of reasoned action (TRA) and planned behavior (TPB) applied to exercise are limited by methodological issues including insufficient sample size and data to examine some moderator associations. Methods: We conducted a meta-analytic review of 111 TRA/TPB and exercise studies and examined the influences of five moderator variables. Results: We found that: a) exercise was most strongly associated with intention and perceived behavioral control; b) intention was most strongly associated with attitude; and c) intention predicted exercise behavior, and attitude and perceived behavioral control predicted intention. Also, the time interval between intention to behavior; scale correspondence; subject age; operationalization of subjective norm, intention, and perceived behavioral control; and publication status moderated the size of the effect. Conclusions: The TRA/TPB effectively explained exercise intention and behavior and moderators of this relationship. Researchers and practitioners are more equipped to design effective interventions by understanding the TRA/TPB constructs.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "499a37563d171054ad0b0d6b8f7007bf",
"text": "For cold-start recommendation, it is important to rapidly profile new users and generate a good initial set of recommendations through an interview process --- users should be queried adaptively in a sequential fashion, and multiple items should be offered for opinion solicitation at each trial. In this work, we propose a novel algorithm that learns to conduct the interview process guided by a decision tree with multiple questions at each split. The splits, represented as sparse weight vectors, are learned through an L_1-constrained optimization framework. The users are directed to child nodes according to the inner product of their responses and the corresponding weight vector. More importantly, to account for the variety of responses coming to a node, a linear regressor is learned within each node using all the previously obtained answers as input to predict item ratings. A user study, preliminary but first in its kind in cold-start recommendation, is conducted to explore the efficient number and format of questions being asked in a recommendation survey to minimize user cognitive efforts. Quantitative experimental validations also show that the proposed algorithm outperforms state-of-the-art approaches in terms of both the prediction accuracy and user cognitive efforts.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "aee91ee5d4cbf51d9ce1344be4e5448c",
"text": "Deep generative models have achieved impressive success in recent years. Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) and Variational Autoencoders (VAEs), as powerful frameworks for deep generative model learning, have largely been considered as two distinct paradigms and received extensive independent studies respectively. This paper aims to establish formal connections between GANs and VAEs through a new formulation of them. We interpret sample generation in GANs as performing posterior inference, and show that GANs and VAEs involve minimizing KL divergences of respective posterior and inference distributions with opposite directions, extending the two learning phases of classic wake-sleep algorithm, respectively. The unified view provides a powerful tool to analyze a diverse set of existing model variants, and enables to transfer techniques across research lines in a principled way. For example, we apply the importance weighting method in VAE literatures for improved GAN learning, and enhance VAEs with an adversarial mechanism that leverages generated samples. Experiments show generality and effectiveness of the transfered techniques.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "5e503aaee94e2dc58f9311959d5a142e",
"text": "The use of the fast Fourier transform in power spectrum analysis is described. Principal advantages of this method are a reduction in the number of computations and in required core storage, and convenient application in nonstationarity tests. The method involves sectioning the record and averaging modified periodograms of the sections. T INTRODLCTION HIS PAPER outlines a method for the application of the fast Fourier transform algorithm to the estimation of power spectra, which involves sectioning the record, taking modified periodograms of these sections, and averaging these modified periodo-grams. In many instances this method involves fewer computations than other methods. Moreover, it involves the transformation of sequences which are shorter than the whole record which is an advantage when computations are to be performed on a machine with limited core storage. Finally, it directly yields a potential resolution in the time dimension which is useful for testing and measuring nonstationarity. As will be pointed out, it is closely related to the method of complex demodulation described Let X(j), j= 0, N-1 be a sample from a stationary , second-order stochastic sequence. Assume for simplicity that E(X) 0. Let X(j) have spectral density Pcf), I f \\ 5%. We take segments, possibly overlapping, of length L with the starting points of these segments D units apart. Let X,(j),j=O, L 1 be the first such segment. Then Xdj) X($ and finally X&) X(j+ (K 1)D) j 0, ,L-1. We suppose we have K such segments; Xl(j), X,($, and that they cover the entire record, Le., that (K-1)DfL N. This segmenting is illustrated in Fig. 1. The method of estimation is as follows. For each segment of length L we calculate a modified periodo-gram. That is, we select a data window W(j), j= 0, L-1, and form the sequences Xl(j)W(j), X,(j) W(j). We then take the finite Fourier transforms A1(n), AK(~) of these sequences. Here ~k(n) xk(j) w(j)e-z~cijnlL 1 L-1 L j-0 and i= Finally, we obtain the K modified periodograms L U Ik(fn) I Ah(%) k 1, 2, K, where f n 0 , o-,L/2 n \" L and 1 Wyj). L j=o The spectral estimate is the average of these periodo",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "7f6de1ca650840d1a4fe5dcd8d97541a",
"text": "While child and adolescent physicians are familiar with the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperac-tivity disorder (ADHD), many adult physicians have had little experience with the disorder. It is difficult to develop clinical skills in the management of residual adult manifestations of developmental disorders without clinical experience with their presentation in childhood. Adult patients are increasingly seeking treatment for the symptoms of ADHD, and physicians need practice guidelines. Adult ADHD often presents differently from childhood ADHD. Because adult ADHD can be comorbid with other disorders and has symptoms similar to those of other disorders, it is important to understand differential diagnoses. Physicians should work with patients to provide feedback about their symptoms, to educate them about ADHD, and to set treatment goals. Treatment for ADHD in adults should include a medication trial, restructuring of the patient's environment to make it more compatible with the symptoms of ADHD, and ongoing supportive management to address any residual impairment and to facilitate functional and developmental improvements.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "c718a2f9eb395e3b4a27ddf3208c4233",
"text": "Our objective is to efficiently and accurately estimate the upper body pose of humans in gesture videos. To this end, we build on the recent successful applications of deep convolutional neural networks (ConvNets). Our novelties are: (i) our method is the first to our knowledge to use ConvNets for estimating human pose in videos; (ii) a new network that exploits temporal information from multiple frames, leading to better performance; (iii) showing that pre-segmenting the foreground of the video improves performance; and (iv) demonstrating that even without foreground segmentations, the network learns to abstract away from the background and can estimate the pose even in the presence of a complex, varying background. We evaluate our method on the BBC TV Signing dataset and show that our pose predictions are significantly better, and an order of magnitude faster to compute, than the state of the art [3].",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "6b5bde39af1260effa0587d8c6afa418",
"text": "This survey highlights the major issues concerning privacy and security in online social networks. Firstly, we discuss research that aims to protect user data from the various attack vantage points including other users, advertisers, third party application developers, and the online social network provider itself. Next we cover social network inference of user attributes, locating hubs, and link prediction. Because online social networks are so saturated with sensitive information, network inference plays a major privacy role. As a response to the issues brought forth by client-server architectures, distributed social networks are discussed. We then cover the challenges that providers face in maintaining the proper operation of an online social network including minimizing spam messages, and reducing the number of sybil accounts. Finally, we present research in anonymizing social network data. This area is of particular interest in order to continue research in this field both in academia and in industry.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "f5f56d680fbecb94a08d9b8e5925228f",
"text": "Semantic word embeddings represent the meaning of a word via a vector, and are created by diverse methods. Many use nonlinear operations on co-occurrence statistics, and have hand-tuned hyperparameters and reweighting methods. This paper proposes a new generative model, a dynamic version of the log-linear topic model of Mnih and Hinton (2007). The methodological novelty is to use the prior to compute closed form expressions for word statistics. This provides a theoretical justification for nonlinear models like PMI, word2vec, and GloVe, as well as some hyperparameter choices. It also helps explain why low-dimensional semantic embeddings contain linear algebraic structure that allows solution of word analogies, as shown by Mikolov et al. (2013a) and many subsequent papers. Experimental support is provided for the generative model assumptions, the most important of which is that latent word vectors are fairly uniformly dispersed in space.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "fee78b996d88584499f342f7da89addf",
"text": "It has become standard for search engines to augment result lists with document summaries. Each document summary consists of a title, abstract, and a URL. In this work, we focus on the task of selecting relevant sentences for inclusion in the abstract. In particular, we investigate how machine learning-based approaches can effectively be applied to the problem. We analyze and evaluate several learning to rank approaches, such as ranking support vector machines (SVMs), support vector regression (SVR), and gradient boosted decision trees (GBDTs). Our work is the first to evaluate SVR and GBDTs for the sentence selection task. Using standard TREC test collections, we rigorously evaluate various aspects of the sentence selection problem. Our results show that the effectiveness of the machine learning approaches varies across collections with different characteristics. Furthermore, the results show that GBDTs provide a robust and powerful framework for the sentence selection task and significantly outperform SVR and ranking SVMs on several data sets.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "ea5697d417fe154be77d941c19d8a86e",
"text": "The foundations of functional programming languages are examined from both historical and technical perspectives. Their evolution is traced through several critical periods: early work on lambda calculus and combinatory calculus, Lisp, Iswim, FP, ML, and modern functional languages such as Miranda1 and Haskell. The fundamental premises on which the functional programming methodology stands are critically analyzed with respect to philosophical, theoretical, and pragmatic concerns. Particular attention is paid to the main features that characterize modern functional languages: higher-order functions, lazy evaluation, equations and pattern matching, strong static typing and type inference, and data abstraction. In addition, current research areas—such as parallelism, nondeterminism, input/output, and state-oriented computations—are examined with the goal of predicting the future development and application of functional languages.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "2ccae5b48fc5ac10f948b79fc4fb6ff3",
"text": "Hierarchical attention networks have recently achieved remarkable performance for document classification in a given language. However, when multilingual document collections are considered, training such models separately for each language entails linear parameter growth and lack of cross-language transfer. Learning a single multilingual model with fewer parameters is therefore a challenging but potentially beneficial objective. To this end, we propose multilingual hierarchical attention networks for learning document structures, with shared encoders and/or shared attention mechanisms across languages, using multi-task learning and an aligned semantic space as input. We evaluate the proposed models on multilingual document classification with disjoint label sets, on a large dataset which we provide, with 600k news documents in 8 languages, and 5k labels. The multilingual models outperform monolingual ones in low-resource as well as full-resource settings, and use fewer parameters, thus confirming their computational efficiency and the utility of cross-language transfer.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "d464711e6e07b61896ba6efe2bbfa5e4",
"text": "This paper presents a simple model for body-shadowing in off-body and body-to-body channels. The model is based on a body shadowing pattern associated with the on-body antenna, represented by a cosine function whose amplitude parameter is calculated from measurements. This parameter, i.e the maximum body-shadowing loss, is found to be linearly dependent on distance. The model was evaluated against a set of off-body channel measurements at 2.45 GHz in an indoor office environment, showing a good fit. The coefficient of determination obtained for the linear model of the maximum body-shadowing loss is greater than 0.6 in all considered scenarios, being higher than 0.8 for the ones with a static user.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "610922e925ccb52308dcc68ca2e7bc6b",
"text": "In this brief, we introduce an architecture for accelerating convolution stages in convolutional neural networks (CNNs) implemented in embedded vision systems. The purpose of the architecture is to exploit the inherent parallelism in CNNs to reduce the required bandwidth, resource usage, and power consumption of highly computationally complex convolution operations as required by real-time embedded applications. We also implement the proposed architecture using fixed-point arithmetic on a ZC706 evaluation board that features a Xilinx Zynq-7000 system on-chip, where the embedded ARM processor with high clocking speed is used as the main controller to increase the flexibility and speed. The proposed architecture runs under a frequency of 150 MHz, which leads to 19.2 Giga multiply accumulation operations per second while consuming less than 10 W in power. This is done using only 391 DSP48 modules, which shows significant utilization improvement compared to the state-of-the-art architectures.",
"title": ""
}
] | scidocsrr |
1ac039c8bed24d917679957a1907bfa9 | Learning an Optimizer for Image Deconvolution | [
{
"docid": "34b7073f947888694053cb421544cb37",
"text": "Many fundamental image-related problems involve deconvolution operators. Real blur degradation seldom complies with an ideal linear convolution model due to camera noise, saturation, image compression, to name a few. Instead of perfectly modeling outliers, which is rather challenging from a generative model perspective, we develop a deep convolutional neural network to capture the characteristics of degradation. We note directly applying existing deep neural networks does not produce reasonable results. Our solution is to establish the connection between traditional optimization-based schemes and a neural network architecture where a novel, separable structure is introduced as a reliable support for robust deconvolution against artifacts. Our network contains two submodules, both trained in a supervised manner with proper initialization. They yield decent performance on non-blind image deconvolution compared to previous generative-model based methods.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "a77eddf9436652d68093946fbe1d2ed0",
"text": "The Pascal Visual Object Classes (VOC) challenge consists of two components: (i) a publicly available dataset of images together with ground truth annotation and standardised evaluation software; and (ii) an annual competition and workshop. There are five challenges: classification, detection, segmentation, action classification, and person layout. In this paper we provide a review of the challenge from 2008–2012. The paper is intended for two audiences: algorithm designers, researchers who want to see what the state of the art is, as measured by performance on the VOC datasets, along with the limitations and weak points of the current generation of algorithms; and, challenge designers, who want to see what we as organisers have learnt from the process and our recommendations for the organisation of future challenges. To analyse the performance of submitted algorithms on the VOC datasets we introduce a number of novel evaluation methods: a bootstrapping method for determining whether differences in the performance of two algorithms are significant or not; a normalised average precision so that performance can be compared across classes with different proportions of positive instances; a clustering method for visualising the performance across multiple algorithms so that the hard and easy images can be identified; and the use of a joint classifier over the submitted algorithms in order to measure their complementarity and combined performance. We also analyse the community’s progress through time using the methods of Hoiem et al. (Proceedings of European Conference on Computer Vision, 2012) to identify the types of occurring errors. We conclude the paper with an appraisal of the aspects of the challenge that worked well, and those that could be improved in future challenges.",
"title": ""
}
] | [
{
"docid": "5e4d19e0243c1cbd29901c4bf1bc6005",
"text": "In the current world, sports produce considerable data such as players skills, game results, season matches, leagues management, etc. The big challenge in sports science is to analyze this data to gain a competitive advantage. The analysis can be done using several techniques and statistical methods in order to produce valuable information. The problem of modeling soccer data has become increasingly popular in the last few years, with the prediction of results being the most popular topic. In this paper, we propose a Bayesian Model based on rank position and shared history that predicts the outcome of future soccer matches. The model was tested using a data set containing the results of over 200,000 soccer matches from different soccer leagues around the world.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "c8d0e702114386e5782bf6df934cccf2",
"text": "The contradiction between the stated preferences of social media users toward privacy and actual privacy behaviors has suggested a willingness to trade privacy regulation for social goals. This study employs data from a survey of 361 social media users, which collected data on privacy attitudes, online privacy strategies and behaviors, and the uses and gratifications that social media experiences bring. Using canonical correlation, it examines in detail how underlying dimensions of privacy concern relate to specific contexts of social media use, and how these contexts relate to various domains of privacyprotecting behaviors. In addition, this research identifies how specific areas of privacy concern relate to levels of privacy regulation, offering new insight into the privacy paradox. In doing so, this study lends greater nuance to how the dynamic of privacy and sociality is understood and enacted by users, and how privacy management and the motivations underlying media use intersect.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "bbb91e336f0125c0e8a0358f6afc9ef1",
"text": "In this paper, we study a new learning paradigm for neural machine translation (NMT). Instead of maximizing the likelihood of the human translation as in previous works, we minimize the distinction between human translation and the translation given by an NMT model. To achieve this goal, inspired by the recent success of generative adversarial networks (GANs), we employ an adversarial training architecture and name it as AdversarialNMT. In Adversarial-NMT, the training of the NMT model is assisted by an adversary, which is an elaborately designed 2D convolutional neural network (CNN). The goal of the adversary is to differentiate the translation result generated by the NMT model from that by human. The goal of the NMT model is to produce high quality translations so as to cheat the adversary. A policy gradient method is leveraged to co-train the NMT model and the adversary. Experimental results on English→French and German→English translation tasks show that Adversarial-NMT can achieve significantly better translation quality than several strong baselines.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "d3ce299b7df463f5040c1115c18c8663",
"text": "The elbow patients herein discussed feature common soft tissue conditions such as tennis elbow, golfers' elbow and olecranon bursitis. Relevant anatomical structures for these conditions can easily be identified and demonstrated by cross examination by instructors and participants. Patients usually present rotator cuff tendinopathy, frozen shoulder, axillary neuropathy and suprascapular neuropathy. The structures involved in tendinopathy and frozen shoulder can be easily identified and demonstrated under normal conditions. The axillary and the suprascapular nerves have surface landmarks but cannot be palpated. In neuropathy however, physical findings in both neuropathies are pathognomonic and will be discussed.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "94a2cd3e147d48fac77a2063a82a5981",
"text": "Multiview learning has shown promising potential in many applications. However, most techniques are focused on either view consistency, or view diversity. In this paper, we introduce a novel multiview boosting algorithm, called Boost.SH, that computes weak classifiers independently of each view but uses a shared weight distribution to propagate information among the multiple views to ensure consistency. To encourage diversity, we introduce randomized Boost.SH and show its convergence to the greedy Boost.SH solution in the sense of minimizing regret using the framework of adversarial multiarmed bandits. We also introduce a variant of Boost.SH that combines decisions from multiple experts for recommending views for classification. We propose an expert strategy for multiview learning based on inverse variance, which explores both consistency and diversity. Experiments on biometric recognition, document categorization, multilingual text, and yeast genomic multiview data sets demonstrate the advantage of Boost.SH (85%) compared with other boosting algorithms like AdaBoost (82%) using concatenated views and substantially better than a multiview kernel learning algorithm (74%).",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "3875aba9d886a741098df8f5527ce49b",
"text": "Underactuated systems offer compact design with easy actuation and control but at the cost of limited stable configurations and reduced dexterity compared to the directly driven and fully actuated systems. Here, we propose a compact origami-based design in which we can modulate the material stiffness of the joints and thereby control the stable configurations and the overall stiffness in an underactuated robot. The robotic origami, robogami, design uses multiple functional layers in nominally two-dimensional robots to achieve the desired functionality. To control the stiffness of the structure, we adjust the elastic modulus of a shape memory polymer using an embedded customized stretchable heater. We study the actuation of a robogami finger with three joints and determine its stable configurations and contact forces at different stiffness settings. We monitor the configuration of the finger using feedback from customized curvature sensors embedded in each joint. A scaled down version of the design is used in a two-fingered gripper and different grasp modes are achieved by activating different sets of joints.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "59ce394adc1fb8abe6047e5911c1a4a9",
"text": "This paper presents a system that transforms the speech signals of speakers with physical speech disabilities into a more intelligible orm that can be more easily understood by listeners. These transformations are based on the correction of pronunciation errors y the removal of repeated sounds, the insertion of deleted sounds, the devoicing of unvoiced phonemes, the adjustment of the empo of speech by phase vocoding, and the adjustment of the frequency characteristics of speech by anchor-based morphing of he spectrum. These transformations are based on observations of disabled articulation including improper glottal voicing, lessened ongue movement, and lessened energy produced by the lungs. This system is a substantial step towards full automation in speech ransformation without the need for expert or clinical intervention. Among human listeners, recognition rates increased up to 191% (from 21.6% to 41.2%) relative to the original speech by using he module that corrects pronunciation errors. Several types of modified dysarthric speech signals are also supplied to a standard utomatic speech recognition system. In that study, the proportion of words correctly recognized increased up to 121% (from 72.7% o 87.9%) relative to the original speech, across various parameterizations of the recognizer. This represents a significant advance owards human-to-human assistive communication software and human–computer interaction. 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "aad3945a69f57049c052bcb222f1b772",
"text": "The chapter 1 on Social Media and Social Computing has documented the nature and characteristics of social networks and community detection. The explanation about the emerging of social networks and their properties constitute this chapter followed by a discussion on social community. The nodes, ties and influence in the social networks are the core of the discussion in the second chapter. Centrality is the core discussion here and the degree of centrality and its measure is explained. Understanding network topology is required for social networks concepts.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "470db66b9bcff16a9a559810ce352dfa",
"text": "Abstract The state of security on the Internet is poor and progress toward increased protection is slow. This has given rise to a class of action referred to as “Ethical Hacking”. Companies are releasing software with little or no testing and no formal verification and expecting consumers to debug their product for them. For dot.com companies time-to-market is vital, security is not perceived as a marketing advantage, and implementing a secure design process an expensive sunk expense such that there is no economic incentive to produce bug-free software. There are even legislative initiatives to release software manufacturers from legal responsibility to their defective software.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "86a4a75135878f0cc7dc83d0742f5791",
"text": "The past few years have seen an explosion of interest in the epigenetics of cancer. This has been a consequence of both the exciting coalescence of the chromatin and DNA methylation fields, and the realization that DNA methylation changes are involved in human malignancies. The ubiquity of DNA methylation changes has opened the way to a host of innovative diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Recent advances attest to the great promise of DNA methylation markers as powerful future tools in the clinic.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "c9171bf5a2638b35ff7dc9c8e6104d30",
"text": "Dimensionality reduction is an important aspect in the pattern classification literature, and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) is one of the most widely studied dimensionality reduction technique. The application of variants of LDA technique for solving small sample size (SSS) problem can be found in many research areas e.g. face recognition, bioinformatics, text recognition, etc. The improvement of the performance of variants of LDA technique has great potential in various fields of research. In this paper, we present an overview of these methods. We covered the type, characteristics and taxonomy of these methods which can overcome SSS problem. We have also highlighted some important datasets and software/ packages.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "b64a2e6bb533043a48b7840b72f71331",
"text": "Autonomous long range navigation in partially known planetary-like terrain is an open challenge for robotics. Navigating several hundreds of meters without any human intervention requires the robot to be able to build various representations of its environment, to plan and execute trajectories according to the kind of terrain traversed, to localize itself as it moves, and to schedule, start, control and interrupt these various activities. In this paper, we brie y describe some functionalities that are currently running on board the Marsokhod model robot Lama at LAAS/CNRS. We then focus on the necessity to integrate various instances of the perception and decision functionalities, and on the di culties raised by this integration.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "e18131e86ee96edf815cbf8f80f3ab24",
"text": "This dissertation investigates the use of hierarchy and problem decomposition as a means of solving large, stochastic, sequential decision problems. These problems are framed as Markov decision problems (MDPs). The new technical content of this dissertation begins with a discussion of the concept of temporal abstraction. Temporal abstraction is shown to be equivalent to the transformation of a policy deened over a region of an MDP to an action in a semi-Markov decision problem (SMDP). Several algorithms are presented for performing this transformation eeciently. This dissertation introduces the HAM method for generating hierarchical, temporally abstract actions. This method permits the partial speciication of abstract actions in a way that corresponds to an abstract plan or strategy. Abstract actions speciied as HAMs can be optimally reened for new tasks by solving a reduced SMDP. The formal results show that traditional MDP algorithms can be used to optimally reene HAMs for new tasks. This can be achieved in much less time than it would take to learn a new policy for the task from scratch. HAMs complement some novel decomposition algorithms that are presented in this dissertation. These algorithms work by constructing a cache of policies for diierent regions of the MDP and then optimally combining the cached solution to produce a global solution that is within provable bounds of the optimal solution. Together, the methods developed in this dissertation provide important tools for 2 producing good policies for large MDPs. Unlike some ad-hoc methods, these methods provide strong formal guarantees. They use prior knowledge in a principled way, and they reduce larger MDPs into smaller ones while maintaining a well-deened relationship between the smaller problem and the larger problem.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "d0641206af1afeab7143fa82d56ba727",
"text": "This paper outlines possible evolution trends of e-learning, supported by most recent advancements in the World Wide Web. Specifically, we consider a situation in which the Semantic Web technology and tools are widely adopted, and fully integrated within a context of applications exploiting the Internet of Things paradigm. Such a scenario will dramatically impact on learning activities, as well as on teaching strategies and instructional design methodology. In particular, the models characterized by learning pervasiveness and interactivity will be greatly empowered.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "25eedd2defb9e0a0b22e44195a4b767b",
"text": "Social media such as Twitter have become an important method of communication, with potential opportunities for NLG to facilitate the generation of social media content. We focus on the generation of indicative tweets that contain a link to an external web page. While it is natural and tempting to view the linked web page as the source text from which the tweet is generated in an extractive summarization setting, it is unclear to what extent actual indicative tweets behave like extractive summaries. We collect a corpus of indicative tweets with their associated articles and investigate to what extent they can be derived from the articles using extractive methods. We also consider the impact of the formality and genre of the article. Our results demonstrate the limits of viewing indicative tweet generation as extractive summarization, and point to the need for the development of a methodology for tweet generation that is sensitive to genre-specific issues.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "3ed5a33db314d464973577c9a4442d33",
"text": "Augmented Reality (AR) was first demonstrated in the 1960s, but only recently have technologies emerged that can be used to easily deploy AR applications to many users. Cameraequipped cell phones with significant processing power and graphics abilities provide an inexpensive and versatile platform for AR applications, while the social networking technology of Web 2.0 provides a large-scale infrastructure for collaboratively producing and distributing geo-referenced AR content. This combination of widely used mobile hardware and Web 2.0 software allows the development of a new type of AR platform that can be used on a global scale. In this paper we describe the Augmented Reality 2.0 concept and present existing work on mobile AR and web technologies that could be used to create AR 2.0 applications.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "cf5f3db56feb7d46c4806be434f6a665",
"text": "Computational propaganda has recently exploded into public consciousness. The U.S. presidential campaign of 2016 was marred by evidence, which continues to emerge, of targeted political propaganda and the use of bots to distribute political messages on social media. This computational propaganda is both a social and technical phenomenon. Technical knowledge is necessary to work with the massive databases used for audience targeting; it is necessary to create the bots and algorithms that distribute propaganda; it is necessary to monitor and evaluate the results of these efforts in agile campaigning. Thus, a technical knowledge comparable to those who create and distribute this propaganda is necessary to investigate the phenomenon. However, viewing computational propaganda only from a technical perspective—as a set of variables, models, codes, and algorithms—plays into the hands of those who create it, the platforms that serve it, and the firms that profit from it. The very act of making something technical and impartial makes it seem inevitable and unbiased. This undermines the opportunities to argue for change in the social value and meaning of this content and the structures in which it exists. Bigdata research is necessary to understand the sociotechnical issue of computational propaganda and the influence of technology in politics. However, big data researchers must maintain a critical stance toward the data being used and analyzed so as to ensure that we are critiquing as we go about describing, predicting, or recommending changes. If research studies of computational propaganda and political big data do not engage with the forms of power and knowledge that produce it, then the very possibility for improving the role of social-media platforms in public life evaporates. Definitionally, computational propaganda has two important parts: the technical and the social. Focusing on the technical, Woolley and Howard define computational propaganda as the assemblage of social-media platforms, autonomous agents, and big data tasked with the manipulation of public opinion. In contrast, the social definition of computational propaganda derives from the definition of propaganda—communications that deliberately misrepresent symbols, appealing to emotions and prejudices and bypassing rational thought, to achieve a specific goal of its creators—with computational propaganda understood as propaganda created or disseminated using computational (technical) means. Propaganda has a long history. Scholars who study propaganda as an offline or historical phenomenon have long been split over whether the existence of propaganda is necessarily detrimental to the functioning of democracies. However, the rise of the Internet and, in particular, social media has profoundly changed the landscape of propaganda. It has opened the creation and dissemination of propaganda messages, which were once the province of states and large institutions, to a wide variety of individuals and groups. It has allowed cross-border computational propaganda and interference in domestic political processes by foreign states. The anonymity of the Internet has allowed stateproduced propaganda to be presented as if it were not produced by state actors. The Internet has also provided new affordances for the efficient dissemination of propaganda, through the manipulation of the algorithms and processes that govern online information and through audience targeting based on big data analytics. The social effects of the changing nature of propaganda are only just beginning to be understood, and the advancement of this understanding is complicated by the unprecedented marrying of the social and the technical that the Internet age has enabled. The articles in this special issue showcase the state of the art in the use of big data in the study of computational propaganda and the influence of social media on politics. This rapidly emerging field represents a new clash of the highly social and highly technical in both",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "479c250bd9284ab1a216a11fa5199f61",
"text": "Two Gram-stain-negative, non-motile, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped bacterial strains, designated 3B-2(T) and 10AO(T), were isolated from a sand sample collected from the west coast of the Korean peninsula by using low-nutrient media, and their taxonomic positions were investigated in a polyphasic study. The strains did not grow on marine agar. They grew optimally at 30 °C and pH 6.5-7.5. Strains 3B-2(T) and 10AO(T) shared 97.5 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity and mean level of DNA-DNA relatedness of 12 %. In phylogenetic trees based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, strains 3B-2(T) and 10AO(T), together with several uncultured bacterial clones, formed independent lineages within the evolutionary radiation encompassed by the phylum Bacteroidetes. Strains 3B-2(T) and 10AO(T) contained MK-7 as the predominant menaquinone and iso-C(15 : 0) and C(16 : 1)ω5c as the major fatty acids. The DNA G+C contents of strains 3B-2(T) and 10AO(T) were 42.8 and 44.6 mol%, respectively. Strains 3B-2(T) and 10AO(T) exhibited very low levels of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (<85.0 %) to the type strains of recognized bacterial species. These data were sufficient to support the proposal that the novel strains should be differentiated from previously known genera of the phylum Bacteroidetes. On the basis of the data presented, we suggest that strains 3B-2(T) and 10AO(T) represent two distinct novel species of a new genus, for which the names Ohtaekwangia koreensis gen. nov., sp. nov. (the type species; type strain 3B-2(T) = KCTC 23018(T) = CCUG 58939(T)) and Ohtaekwangia kribbensis sp. nov. (type strain 10AO(T) = KCTC 23019(T) = CCUG 58938(T)) are proposed.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "f869114bdde885da6b384fa98ec03e94",
"text": "It is increasingly recognized that the human planum temporale is not a dedicated language processor, but is in fact engaged in the analysis of many types of complex sound. We propose a model of the human planum temporale as a computational engine for the segregation and matching of spectrotemporal patterns. The model is based on segregating the components of the acoustic world and matching these components with learned spectrotemporal representations. Spectrotemporal information derived from such a 'computational hub' would be gated to higher-order cortical areas for further processing, leading to object recognition and the perception of auditory space. We review the evidence for the model and specific predictions that follow from it.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "947a8fde673e41df6937a95c87e9316f",
"text": "The multilevel thresholding is an important technique for image processing and pattern recognition. The maximum entropy thresholding has been widely applied in the literature. In this paper, a new multilevel MET algorithm based on the technology of the firefly algorithm is proposed. This proposed method is called the maximum entropy based firefly thresholding method. Four different methods are implemented for comparing to this proposed method: the exhaustive search, the particle swarm optimization, the hybrid cooperative-comprehensive learning based PSO algorithm and the honey bee mating optimization. The experimental results demonstrated that the proposed MEFFT algorithm can search for multiple thresholds which are very close to the optimal ones examined by the exhaustive search method. Compared to the PSO and HCOCLPSO, the segmentation results of using the MEFFT algorithm is significantly improved and the computation time of the proposed MEFFT algorithm is shortest.",
"title": ""
}
] | scidocsrr |
aac8e2bf092df3bb768346be81c23efc | Direct Ray Tracing of Displacement Mapped Triangles | [
{
"docid": "b9bb07dd039c0542a7309f2291732f82",
"text": "Recent progress in acquiring shape from range data permits the acquisition of seamless million-polygon meshes from physical models. In this paper, we present an algorithm and system for converting dense irregular polygon meshes of arbitrary topology into tensor product B-spline surface patches with accompanying displacement maps. This choice of representation yields a coarse but efficient model suitable for animation and a fine but more expensive model suitable for rendering. The first step in our process consists of interactively painting patch boundaries over a rendering of the mesh. In many applications, interactive placement of patch boundaries is considered part of the creative process and is not amenable to automation. The next step is gridded resampling of each boundedsection of the mesh. Our resampling algorithm lays a grid of springs across the polygon mesh, then iterates between relaxing this grid and subdividing it. This grid provides a parameterization for the mesh section, which is initially unparameterized. Finally, we fit a tensor product B-spline surface to the grid. We also output a displacement map for each mesh section, which represents the error between our fitted surface and the spring grid. These displacement maps are images; hence this representation facilitates the use of image processing operators for manipulating the geometric detail of an object. They are also compatible with modern photo-realistic rendering systems. Our resampling and fitting steps are fast enough to surface a million polygon mesh in under 10 minutes important for an interactive system. CR Categories: I.3.5 [Computer Graphics]: Computational Geometry and Object Modeling —curve, surface and object representations; I.3.7[Computer Graphics]:Three-Dimensional Graphics and Realism—texture; J.6[Computer-Aided Engineering]:ComputerAided Design (CAD); G.1.2[Approximation]:Spline Approximation Additional",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "42d1368bf2c5e659f9e9a215e1ebbd4c",
"text": "The quality of computer generated images of three-dimensional scenes depends on the shading technique used to paint the objects on the cathode-ray tube screen. The shading algorithm itself depends in part on the method for modeling the object, which also determines the hidden surface algorithm. The various methods of object modeling, shading, and hidden surface removal are thus strongly interconnected. Several shading techniques corresponding to different methods of object modeling and the related hidden surface algorithms are presented here. Human visual perception and the fundamental laws of optics are considered in the development of a shading rule that provides better quality and increased realism in generated images.",
"title": ""
}
] | [
{
"docid": "21b04c71f6c87b18f544f6b3f6570dd7",
"text": "Fuzzy logic methods have been used successfully in many real-world applications, but the foundations of fuzzy logic remain under attack. Taken together, these two facts constitute a paradox. A second paradox is that almost all of the successful fuzzy logic applications are embedded controllers, while most of the theoretical papers on fuzzy methods deal with knowledge representation and reasoning. I hope to resolve these paradoxes by identifying which aspects of fuzzy logic render it useful in practice, and which aspects are inessential. My conclusions are based on a mathematical result, on a survey of literature on the use of fuzzy logic in heuristic control and in expert systems, and on practical experience in developing expert systems.<<ETX>>",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "16d1ade9aa0c9966905441752c9ea90c",
"text": "Many agricultural studies rely on infrared sensors for remote measurement of surface temperatures for crop status monitoring and estimating sensible and latent heat fluxes. Historically, applications for these non-contact thermometers employed the use of hand-held or stationary industrial infrared thermometers (IRTs) wired to data loggers. Wireless sensors in agricultural applications are a practical alternative, but the availability of low cost wireless IRTs is limited. In this study, we designed prototype narrow (10◦) field of view wireless infrared sensor modules and evaluated the performance of the IRT sensor by comparing temperature readings of an object (Tobj) against a blackbody calibrator in a controlled temperature room at ambient temperatures of 15 ◦C, 25 ◦C, 35 ◦C, and 45 ◦C. Additional comparative readings were taken over plant and soil samples alongside a hand-held IRT and over an isothermal target in the outdoors next to a wired IRT. The average root mean square error (RMSE) and mean absolute error (MAE) between the collected IRT object temperature readings and the blackbody target ranged between 0.10 and 0.79 ◦C. The wireless IRT readings also compared well with the hand-held IRT and wired industrial IRT. Additional tests performed to investigate the influence of direct radiation on IRT measurements indicated that housing the sensor in white polyvinyl chloride provided ample shielding for the self-compensating circuitry of the IR detector. The relatively low cost of the wireless IRT modules and repeatable measurements against a blackbody calibrator and commercial IR thermometers demonstrated that these wireless prototypes have the potential to provide accurate surface radiometric temperature readings in outdoor applications. Further studies are needed to thoroughly test radio frequency communication and power consumption characteristics in an outdoor setting. Published by Elsevier B.V.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "c601040737c42abcef996e027fabc8cf",
"text": "This article assumes that brands should be managed as valuable, long-term corporate assets. It is proposed that for a true brand asset mindset to be achieved, the relationship between brand loyalty and brand value needs to be recognised within the management accounting system. It is also suggested that strategic brand management is achieved by having a multi-disciplinary focus, which is facilitated by a common vocabulary. This article seeks to establish the relationships between the constructs and concepts of branding, and to provide a framework and vocabulary that aids effective communication between the functions of accounting and marketing. Performance measures for brand management are also considered, and a model for the management of brand equity is provided. Very simply, brand description (or identity or image) is tailored to the needs and wants of a target market using the marketing mix of product, price, place, and promotion. The success or otherwise of this process determines brand strength or the degree of brand loyalty. A brand's value is determined by the degree of brand loyalty, as this implies a guarantee of future cash flows. Feldwick considered that using the term brand equity creates the illusion that an operational relationship exists between brand description, brand strength and brand value that cannot be demonstrated to operate in practice. This is not surprising, given that brand description and brand strength are, broadly speaking, within the remit of marketers and brand value has been considered largely an accounting issue. However, for brands to be managed strategically as long-term assets, the relationship outlined in Figure 1 needs to be operational within the management accounting system. The efforts of managers of brands could be reviewed and assessed by the measurement of brand strength and brand value, and brand strategy modified accordingly. Whilst not a simple process, the measurement of outcomes is useful as part of a range of diagnostic tools for management. This is further explored in the summary discussion. Whilst there remains a diversity of opinion on the definition and basis of brand equity, most approaches consider brand equity to be a strategic issue, albeit often implicitly. The following discussion explores the range of interpretations of brand equity, showing how they relate to Feldwick's (1996) classification. Ambler and Styles (1996) suggest that managers of brands choose between taking profits today or storing them for the future, with brand equity being the `̀ . . . store of profits to be realised at a later date.'' Their definition follows Srivastava and Shocker (1991) with brand equity suggested as; . . . the aggregation of all accumulated attitudes and behavior patterns in the extended minds of consumers, distribution channels and influence agents, which will enhance future profits and long term cash flow. This definition of brand equity distinguishes the brand asset from its valuation, and falls into Feldwick's (1996) brand strength category of brand equity. This approach is intrinsically strategic in nature, with the emphasis away from short-term profits. Davis (1995) also emphasises the strategic importance of brand equity when he defines brand value (one form of brand equity) as `̀ . . . the potential strategic contributions and benefits that a brand can make to a company.'' In this definition, brand value is the resultant form of brand equity in Figure 1, or the outcome of consumer-based brand equity. Keller (1993) also takes the consumer-based brand strength approach to brand equity, suggesting that brand equity represents a condition in which the consumer is familiar with the brand and recalls some favourable, strong and unique brand associations. Hence, there is a differential effect of brand knowledge on consumer response to the marketing of a brand. This approach is aligned to the relationship described in Figure 1, where brand strength is a function of brand description. Winters (1991) relates brand equity to added value by suggesting that brand equity involves the value added to a product by consumers' associations and perceptions of a particular brand name. It is unclear in what way added value is being used, but brand equity fits the categories of brand description and brand strength as outlined above. Leuthesser (1988) offers a broad definition of brand equity as: the set of associations and behaviour on the part of a brand's customers, channel members and parent corporation that permits the brand to earn greater volume or greater margins than it could without the brand name. This definition covers Feldwick's classifications of brand description and brand strength implying a similar relationship to that outlined in Figure 1. The key difference to Figure 1 is that the outcome of brand strength is not specified as brand value, but implies market share, and profit as outcomes. Marketers tend to describe, rather than ascribe a figure to, the outcomes of brand strength. Pitta and Katsanis (1995) suggest that brand equity increases the probability of brand choice, leads to brand loyalty and `̀ insulates the brand from a measure of competitive threats.'' Aaker (1991) suggests that strong brands will usually provide higher profit margins and better access to distribution channels, as well as providing a broad platform for product line extensions. Brand extension[1] is a commonly cited advantage of high brand equity, with Dacin and Smith (1994) and Keller and Aaker (1992) suggesting that successful brand extensions can also build brand equity. Loken and John (1993) and Aaker (1993) advise caution in that poor brand extensions can erode brand equity. Figure 1 The brand equity chain [ 663 ] Lisa Wood Brands and brand equity: definition and management Management Decision 38/9 [2000] 662±669 Farquhar (1989) suggests a relationship between high brand equity and market power asserting that: The competitive advantage of firms that have brands with high equity includes the opportunity for successful extensions, resilience against competitors' promotional pressures, and creation of barriers to competitive entry. This relationship is summarised in Figure 2. Figure 2 indicates that there can be more than one outcome determined by brand strength apart from brand value. It should be noted that it is argued by Wood (1999) that brand value measurements could be used as an indicator of market power. Achieving a high degree of brand strength may be considered an important objective for managers of brands. If we accept that the relationships highlighted in Figures 1 and 2 are something that we should be aiming for, then it is logical to focus our attention on optimising brand description. This requires a rich understanding of the brand construct itself. Yet, despite an abundance of literature, the definitive brand construct has yet to be produced. Subsequent discussion explores the brand construct itself, and highlights the specific relationship between brands and added value. This relationship is considered to be key to the variety of approaches to brand definition within marketing, and is currently an area of incompatibility between marketing and accounting.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "ee8a549332f184a4be0a77dae0437bbc",
"text": "Extracting question-answer pairs from online forums is a meaningful work due to the huge amount of valuable user generated resource contained in forums. In this paper we consider the problem of extracting Chinese question-answer pairs for the first time. We present a strategy to detect Chinese questions and their answers. We propose a sequential rule based method to find questions in a forum thread, then we adopt nontextual features based on forum structure to improve the performance of answer detecting in the same thread. Experimental results show that our techniques are very effective.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "de0d2808f949723f1c0ee8e87052f889",
"text": "The notion of Cloud computing has not only reshaped the field of distributed systems but also fundamentally changed how businesses utilize computing today. While Cloud computing provides many advanced features, it still has some shortcomings such as the relatively high operating cost for both public and private Clouds. The area of Green computing is also becoming increasingly important in a world with limited energy resources and an ever-rising demand for more computational power. In this paper a new framework is presented that provides efficient green enhancements within a scalable Cloud computing architecture. Using power-aware scheduling techniques, variable resource management, live migration, and a minimal virtual machine design, overall system efficiency will be vastly improved in a data center based Cloud with minimal performance overhead.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "e1366b0128c4d76addd57bb2b02a19b5",
"text": "OBJECTIVE\nThe present study examined the association between child sexual abuse (CSA) and sexual health outcomes in young adult women. Maladaptive coping strategies and optimism were investigated as possible mediators and moderators of this relationship.\n\n\nMETHOD\nData regarding sexual abuse, coping, optimism and various sexual health outcomes were collected using self-report and computerized questionnaires with a sample of 889 young adult women from the province of Quebec aged 20-23 years old.\n\n\nRESULTS\nA total of 31% of adult women reported a history of CSA. Women reporting a severe CSA were more likely to report more adverse sexual health outcomes including suffering from sexual problems and engaging in more high-risk sexual behaviors. CSA survivors involving touching only were at greater risk of reporting more negative sexual self-concept such as experiencing negative feelings during sex than were non-abused participants. Results indicated that emotion-oriented coping mediated outcomes related to negative sexual self-concept while optimism mediated outcomes related to both, negative sexual self-concept and high-risk sexual behaviors. No support was found for any of the proposed moderation models.\n\n\nCONCLUSIONS\nSurvivors of more severe CSA are more likely to engage in high-risk sexual behaviors that are potentially harmful to their health as well as to experience more sexual problems than women without a history of sexual victimization. Personal factors, namely emotion-oriented coping and optimism, mediated some sexual health outcomes in sexually abused women. The results suggest that maladaptive coping strategies and optimism regarding the future may be important targets for interventions optimizing sexual health and sexual well-being in CSA survivors.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "c3b3d0343f0ed86de7a3c704b0164382",
"text": "A broadband design of the microstrip-fed modified quasi-Yagi antenna is presented. The two arms of the driving dipole are connected separately to two microstrip sections tapered from the feeding microstrip line and its truncated ground plane. The end points of the two tapered sections can be suitably adjusted to obtain a 10-dB return loss bandwidth more than 50%. Measured radiation patterns are end-fire and the in-band peak gains range from 3.9 to 7.2 dBi. Details of the antenna design and the experimental results are presented and discussed.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "e849cdf1237792fdf7bcded91c35c398",
"text": "Purpose – System usage and user satisfaction are widely accepted and used as surrogate measures of IS success. Past studies attempted to explore the relationship between system usage and user satisfaction but findings are mixed, inconclusive and misleading. The main objective of this research is to better understand and explain the nature and strength of the relationship between system usage and user satisfaction by resolving the existing inconsistencies in the IS research and to validate this relationship empirically as defined in Delone and McLean’s IS success model. Design/methodology/approach – “Meta-analysis” as a research approach was adopted because of its suitability regarding the nature of the research and its capability of dealing with exploring relationships that may be obscured in other approaches to synthesize research findings. Meta-analysis findings contributed towards better explaining the relationship between system usage and user satisfaction, the main objectives of this research. Findings – This research examines critically the past findings and resolves the existing inconsistencies. The meta-analysis findings explain that there exists a significant positive relationship between “system usage” and “user satisfaction” (i.e. r 1⁄4 0:2555) although not very strong. This research empirically validates this relationship that has already been proposed by Delone and McLean in their IS success model. Provides a guide for future research to explore the mediating variables that might affect the relationship between system usage and user satisfaction. Originality/value – This research better explains the relationship between system usage and user satisfaction by resolving contradictory findings in the past research and contributes to the existing body of knowledge relating to IS success.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "b8808d637dcb8bbb430d68196587b3a4",
"text": "Crowd sourcing is based on a simple but powerful concept: Virtually anyone has the potential to plug in valuable information. The concept revolves around large groups of people or community handling tasks that have traditionally been associated with a specialist or small group of experts. With the advent of the smart devices, many mobile applications are already tapping into crowd sourcing to report community issues and traffic problems, but more can be done. While most of these applications work well for the average user, it neglects the information needs of particular user communities. We present CROWDSAFE, a novel convergence of Internet crowd sourcing and portable smart devices to enable real time, location based crime incident searching and reporting. It is targeted to users who are interested in crime information. The system leverages crowd sourced data to provide novel features such as a Safety Router and value added crime analytics. We demonstrate the system by using crime data in the metropolitan Washington DC area to show the effectiveness of our approach. Also highlighted is its ability to facilitate greater collaboration between citizens and civic authorities. Such collaboration shall foster greater innovation to turn crime data analysis into smarter and safe decisions for the public.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "bdbd3d65c79e4f22d2e85ac4137ee67a",
"text": "With the advances in new-generation information technologies, especially big data and digital twin, smart manufacturing is becoming the focus of global manufacturing transformation and upgrading. Intelligence comes from data. Integrated analysis for the manufacturing big data is beneficial to all aspects of manufacturing. Besides, the digital twin paves a way for the cyber-physical integration of manufacturing, which is an important bottleneck to achieve smart manufacturing. In this paper, the big data and digital twin in manufacturing are reviewed, including their concept as well as their applications in product design, production planning, manufacturing, and predictive maintenance. On this basis, the similarities and differences between big data and digital twin are compared from the general and data perspectives. Since the big data and digital twin can be complementary, how they can be integrated to promote smart manufacturing are discussed.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "141ecc1fe0c33bfd647e4d62956f0212",
"text": "a Emerging Markets Research Centre (EMaRC), School of Management, Swansea University Bay Campus, Fabian Way, Swansea SA1 8EN, Wales, UK b Section of Information & Communication Technology, Faculty of Technology, Policy, and Management, Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands c Nottingham Business School, Nottingham Trent University, UK d School of Management, Swansea University Bay Campus, Fabian Way, Swansea SA1 8EN, Wales, UK e School of Management, Swansea University Bay Campus, Fabian Way, Crymlyn Burrows, Swansea, SA1 8EN, Wales, UK",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "9cc04311cc991af56a69267a5a22aa37",
"text": "Adversarial samples are strategically modified samples, which are crafted with the purpose of fooling a classifier at hand. An attacker introduces specially crafted adversarial samples to a deployed classifier, which are being mis-classified by the classifier. However, the samples are perceived to be drawn from entirely different classes and thus it becomes hard to detect the adversarial samples. Most of the prior works have been focused on synthesizing adversarial samples in the image domain. In this paper, we propose a new method of crafting adversarial text samples by modification of the original samples. Modifications of the original text samples are done by deleting or replacing the important or salient words in the text or by introducing new words in the text sample. Our algorithm works best for the datasets which have sub-categories within each of the classes of examples. While crafting adversarial samples, one of the key constraint is to generate meaningful sentences which can at pass off as legitimate from language (English) viewpoint. Experimental results on IMDB movie review dataset for sentiment analysis and Twitter dataset for gender detection show the efficiency of our proposed method.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "805ff3489d9bc145a0a8b91ce58ce3f9",
"text": "The present experiment was designed to test the theory that psychological procedures achieve changes in behavior by altering the level and strength of self-efficacy. In this formulation, perceived self-efficacy. In this formulation, perceived self-efficacy influences level of performance by enhancing intensity and persistence of effort. Adult phobics were administered treatments based upon either performance mastery experiences, vicarious experiences., or they received no treatment. Their efficacy expectations and approach behavior toward threats differing on a similarity dimension were measured before and after treatment. In accord with our prediction, the mastery-based treatment produced higher, stronger, and more generalized expectations of personal efficacy than did the treatment relying solely upon vicarious experiences. Results of a microanalysis further confirm the hypothesized relationship between self-efficacy and behavioral change. Self-efficacy was a uniformly accurate predictor of performance on tasks of varying difficulty with different threats regardless of whether the changes in self-efficacy were produced through enactive mastery or by vicarious experience alone.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "f573c79dde4ce12c234df084dea149b4",
"text": "The presence of geometric details on object surfaces dramatically changes the way light interacts with these surfaces. Although synthesizing realistic pictures requires simulating this interaction as faithfully as possible, explicitly modeling all the small details tends to be impractical. To address these issues, an image-based technique called relief mapping has recently been introduced for adding per-fragment details onto arbitrary polygonal models (Policarpo et al. 2005). The technique has been further extended to render correct silhouettes (Oliveira and Policarpo 2005) and to handle non-height-field surface details (Policarpo and Oliveira 2006). In all its variations, the ray-height-field intersection is performed using a binary search, which refines the result produced by some linear search procedure. While the binary search converges very fast, the linear search (required to avoid missing large structures) is prone to aliasing, by possibly missing some thin structures, as is evident in Figure 18-1a. Several space-leaping techniques have since been proposed to accelerate the ray-height-field intersection and to minimize the occurrence of aliasing (Donnelly 2005, Dummer 2006, Baboud and Décoret 2006). Cone step mapping (CSM) (Dummer 2006) provides a clever solution to accelerate the intersection calculation for the average case and avoids skipping height-field structures by using some precomputed data (a cone map). However, because CSM uses a conservative approach, the rays tend to stop before the actual surface, which introduces different Relaxed Cone Stepping for Relief Mapping",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "4c462c0b8fe98bfb9c79f9d1bc497748",
"text": "This brief shows that a conventional semi-custom design-flow based on a positive feedback adiabatic logic (PFAL) cell library allows any VLSI designer to design and verify complex adiabatic systems (e.g., arithmetic units) in a short time and easy way, thus, enjoying the energy reduction benefits of adiabatic logic. A family of semi-custom PFAL carry lookahead adders and parallel multipliers were designed in a 0.6-/spl mu/m CMOS technology and verified. Post-layout simulations show that semi-custom adiabatic arithmetic units can save energy a factor 17 at 10 MHz and about 7 at 100 MHz, as compared to a logically equivalent static CMOS implementation. The energy saving obtained is also better if compared to other custom adiabatic circuit realizations and maintains high values (3/spl divide/6) even when the losses in power-clock generation are considered.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "20f98a15433514dc5aa76110f68a71ba",
"text": "We describe a case of secondary syphilis of the tongue in which the main clinical presentation of the disease was similar to oral hairy leukoplakia. In a man who was HIV seronegative, the first symptom was a dryness of the throat followed by a feeling of foreign body in the tongue. Lesions were painful without cutaneous manifestations of secondary syphilis. IgM-fluorescent treponemal antibody test and typical serologic parameters promptly led to the diagnosis of secondary syphilis. We initiated an appropriate antibiotic therapy using benzathine penicillin, which induced healing of the tongue lesions. The differential diagnosis of this lesion may include oral squamous carcinoma, leukoplakia, candidosis, lichen planus, and, especially, hairy oral leukoplakia. This case report emphasizes the importance of considering secondary syphilis in the differential diagnosis of hairy oral leukoplakia. Depending on the clinical picture, the possibility of syphilis should not be overlooked in the differential diagnosis of many diseases of the oral mucosa.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "479c250bd9284ab1a216a11fa5199f61",
"text": "Two Gram-stain-negative, non-motile, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped bacterial strains, designated 3B-2(T) and 10AO(T), were isolated from a sand sample collected from the west coast of the Korean peninsula by using low-nutrient media, and their taxonomic positions were investigated in a polyphasic study. The strains did not grow on marine agar. They grew optimally at 30 °C and pH 6.5-7.5. Strains 3B-2(T) and 10AO(T) shared 97.5 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity and mean level of DNA-DNA relatedness of 12 %. In phylogenetic trees based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, strains 3B-2(T) and 10AO(T), together with several uncultured bacterial clones, formed independent lineages within the evolutionary radiation encompassed by the phylum Bacteroidetes. Strains 3B-2(T) and 10AO(T) contained MK-7 as the predominant menaquinone and iso-C(15 : 0) and C(16 : 1)ω5c as the major fatty acids. The DNA G+C contents of strains 3B-2(T) and 10AO(T) were 42.8 and 44.6 mol%, respectively. Strains 3B-2(T) and 10AO(T) exhibited very low levels of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (<85.0 %) to the type strains of recognized bacterial species. These data were sufficient to support the proposal that the novel strains should be differentiated from previously known genera of the phylum Bacteroidetes. On the basis of the data presented, we suggest that strains 3B-2(T) and 10AO(T) represent two distinct novel species of a new genus, for which the names Ohtaekwangia koreensis gen. nov., sp. nov. (the type species; type strain 3B-2(T) = KCTC 23018(T) = CCUG 58939(T)) and Ohtaekwangia kribbensis sp. nov. (type strain 10AO(T) = KCTC 23019(T) = CCUG 58938(T)) are proposed.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "a72837815d412113856077a6dc7a868d",
"text": "fast align is a simple, fast, and efficient approach for word alignment based on the IBM model 2. fast align performs well for language pairs with relatively similar word orders; however, it does not perform well for language pairs with drastically different word orders. We propose a segmenting-reversing reordering process to solve this problem by alternately applying fast align and reordering source sentences during training. Experimental results with JapaneseEnglish translation demonstrate that the proposed approach improves the performance of fast align significantly without the loss of efficiency. Experiments using other languages are also reported.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "239e37736832f6f0de050ed1749ba648",
"text": "An approach for capturing and modeling individual entertainment (“fun”) preferences is applied to users of the innovative Playware playground, an interactive physical playground inspired by computer games, in this study. The goal is to construct, using representative statistics computed from children’s physiological signals, an estimator of the degree to which games provided by the playground engage the players. For this purpose children’s heart rate (HR) signals, and their expressed preferences of how much “fun” particular game variants are, are obtained from experiments using games implemented on the Playware playground. A comprehensive statistical analysis shows that children’s reported entertainment preferences correlate well with specific features of the HR signal. Neuro-evolution techniques combined with feature set selection methods permit the construction of user models that predict reported entertainment preferences given HR features. These models are expressed as artificial neural networks and are demonstrated and evaluated on two Playware games and two control tasks requiring physical activity. The best network is able to correctly match expressed preferences in 64% of cases on previously unseen data (p−value 6 · 10−5). The generality of the methodology, its limitations, its usability as a real-time feedback mechanism for entertainment augmentation and as a validation tool are discussed.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "8ce46c28f967ef5ab76548630983748a",
"text": "Current neuroimaging software offer users an incredible opportunity to analyze their data in different ways, with different underlying assumptions. Several sophisticated software packages (e.g., AFNI, BrainVoyager, FSL, FreeSurfer, Nipy, R, SPM) are used to process and analyze large and often diverse (highly multi-dimensional) data. However, this heterogeneous collection of specialized applications creates several issues that hinder replicable, efficient, and optimal use of neuroimaging analysis approaches: (1) No uniform access to neuroimaging analysis software and usage information; (2) No framework for comparative algorithm development and dissemination; (3) Personnel turnover in laboratories often limits methodological continuity and training new personnel takes time; (4) Neuroimaging software packages do not address computational efficiency; and (5) Methods sections in journal articles are inadequate for reproducing results. To address these issues, we present Nipype (Neuroimaging in Python: Pipelines and Interfaces; http://nipy.org/nipype), an open-source, community-developed, software package, and scriptable library. Nipype solves the issues by providing Interfaces to existing neuroimaging software with uniform usage semantics and by facilitating interaction between these packages using Workflows. Nipype provides an environment that encourages interactive exploration of algorithms, eases the design of Workflows within and between packages, allows rapid comparative development of algorithms and reduces the learning curve necessary to use different packages. Nipype supports both local and remote execution on multi-core machines and clusters, without additional scripting. Nipype is Berkeley Software Distribution licensed, allowing anyone unrestricted usage. An open, community-driven development philosophy allows the software to quickly adapt and address the varied needs of the evolving neuroimaging community, especially in the context of increasing demand for reproducible research.",
"title": ""
}
] | scidocsrr |
ef31e3bb3c357c2731f139175f9f9126 | An active compliance controller for quadruped trotting | [
{
"docid": "a258c6b5abf18cb3880e4bc7a436c887",
"text": "We propose a reactive controller framework for robust quadrupedal locomotion, designed to cope with terrain irregularities, trajectory tracking errors and poor state estimation. The framework comprises two main modules: One related to the generation of elliptic trajectories for the feet and the other for control of the stability of the whole robot. We propose a task space CPG-based trajectory generation that can be modulated according to terrain irregularities and the posture of the robot trunk. To improve the robot's stability, we implemented a null space based attitude control for the trunk and a push recovery algorithm based on the concept of capture points. Simulations and experimental results on the hydraulically actuated quadruped robot HyQ will be presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of our framework.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "1495ed50a24703566b2bda35d7ec4931",
"text": "This paper examines the passive dynamics of quadrupedal bounding. First, an unexpected difference between local and global behavior of the forward speed versus touchdown angle in the selfstabilized Spring Loaded Inverted Pendulum (SLIP) model is exposed and discussed. Next, the stability properties of a simplified sagittal plane model of our Scout II quadrupedal robot are investigated. Despite its simplicity, this model captures the targeted steady state behavior of Scout II without dependence on the fine details of the robot structure. Two variations of the bounding gait, which are observed experimentally in Scout II, are considered. Surprisingly, numerical return map studies reveal that passive generation of a large variety of cyclic bounding motion is possible. Most strikingly, local stability analysis shows that the dynamics of the open loop passive system alone can confer stability to the motion! These results can be used in developing a general control methodology for legged robots, resulting from the synthesis of feedforward and feedback models that take advantage of the mechanical sysPortions of this paper have previously appeared in conference publications Poulakakis, Papadopoulos, and Buehler (2003) and Poulakakis, Smith, and Buehler (2005b). The first and third authors were with the Centre for Intelligent Machines at McGill University when this work was performed. Address all correspondence related to this paper to the first author. The International Journal of Robotics Research Vol. 25, No. 7, July 2006, pp. 669-687 DOI: 10.1177/0278364906066768 ©2006 SAGE Publications Figures appear in color online: http://ijr.sagepub.com tem, and might explain the success of simple, open loop bounding controllers on our experimental robot. KEY WORDS—passive dynamics, bounding gait, dynamic running, quadrupedal robot",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "956ffd90cc922e77632b8f9f79f42a98",
"text": "Energy efficient actuators with adjustable stiffness: a review on AwAS, AwAS-II and CompACT VSA changing stiffness based on lever mechanism Amir jafari Nikos Tsagarakis Darwin G Caldwell Article information: To cite this document: Amir jafari Nikos Tsagarakis Darwin G Caldwell , (2015),\"Energy efficient actuators with adjustable stiffness: a review on AwAS, AwAS-II and CompACT VSA changing stiffness based on lever mechanism\", Industrial Robot: An International Journal, Vol. 42 Iss 3 pp. Permanent link to this document: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/IR-12-2014-0433",
"title": ""
}
] | [
{
"docid": "3bc9e621a0cfa7b8791ae3fb94eff738",
"text": "This paper deals with environment perception for automobile applications. Environment perception comprises measuring the surrounding field with onboard sensors such as cameras, radar, lidars, etc., and signal processing to extract relevant information for the planned safety or assistance function. Relevant information is primarily supplied using two well-known methods, namely, object based and grid based. In the introduction, we discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the two methods and subsequently present an approach that combines the two methods to achieve better results. The first part outlines how measurements from stereo sensors can be mapped onto an occupancy grid using an appropriate inverse sensor model. We employ the Dempster-Shafer theory to describe the occupancy grid, which has certain advantages over Bayes' theorem. Furthermore, we generate clusters of grid cells that potentially belong to separate obstacles in the field. These clusters serve as input for an object-tracking framework implemented with an interacting multiple-model estimator. Thereby, moving objects in the field can be identified, and this, in turn, helps update the occupancy grid more effectively. The first experimental results are illustrated, and the next possible research intentions are also discussed.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "78c89f8aec24989737575c10b6bbad90",
"text": "News topics, which are constructed from news stories using the techniques of Topic Detection and Tracking (TDT), bring convenience to users who intend to see what is going on through the Internet. However, it is almost impossible to view all the generated topics, because of the large amount. So it will be helpful if all topics are ranked and the top ones, which are both timely and important, can be viewed with high priority. Generally, topic ranking is determined by two primary factors. One is how frequently and recently a topic is reported by the media; the other is how much attention users pay to it. Both media focus and user attention varies as time goes on, so the effect of time on topic ranking has already been included. However, inconsistency exists between both factors. In this paper, an automatic online news topic ranking algorithm is proposed based on inconsistency analysis between media focus and user attention. News stories are organized into topics, which are ranked in terms of both media focus and user attention. Experiments performed on practical Web datasets show that the topic ranking result reflects the influence of time, the media and users. The main contributions of this paper are as follows. First, we present the quantitative measure of the inconsistency between media focus and user attention, which provides a basis for topic ranking and an experimental evidence to show that there is a gap between what the media provide and what users view. Second, to the best of our knowledge, it is the first attempt to synthesize the two factors into one algorithm for automatic online topic ranking.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "7b44c4ec18d01f46fdd513780ba97963",
"text": "This paper presents a robust approach for road marking detection and recognition from images captured by an embedded camera mounted on a car. Our method is designed to cope with illumination changes, shadows, and harsh meteorological conditions. Furthermore, the algorithm can effectively group complex multi-symbol shapes into an individual road marking. For this purpose, the proposed technique relies on MSER features to obtain candidate regions which are further merged using density-based clustering. Finally, these regions of interest are recognized using machine learning approaches. Worth noting, the algorithm is versatile since it does not utilize any prior information about lane position or road space. The proposed method compares favorably to other existing works through a large number of experiments on an extensive road marking dataset.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "7e422bc9e691d552543c245e7c154cbf",
"text": "Personality assessment and, specifically, the assessment of personality disorders have traditionally been indifferent to computational models. Computational personality is a new field that involves the automatic classification of individuals' personality traits that can be compared against gold-standard labels. In this context, we introduce a new vectorial semantics approach to personality assessment, which involves the construction of vectors representing personality dimensions and disorders, and the automatic measurements of the similarity between these vectors and texts written by human subjects. We evaluated our approach by using a corpus of 2468 essays written by students who were also assessed through the five-factor personality model. To validate our approach, we measured the similarity between the essays and the personality vectors to produce personality disorder scores. These scores and their correspondence with the subjects' classification of the five personality factors reproduce patterns well-documented in the psychological literature. In addition, we show that, based on the personality vectors, we can predict each of the five personality factors with high accuracy.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "f6099a1e6641d0a93c764efef120dd53",
"text": "For the past two decades, the security community has been fighting malicious programs for Windows-based operating systems. However, the recent surge in adoption of embedded devices and the IoT revolution are rapidly changing the malware landscape. Embedded devices are profoundly different than traditional personal computers. In fact, while personal computers run predominantly on x86-flavored architectures, embedded systems rely on a variety of different architectures. In turn, this aspect causes a large number of these systems to run some variants of the Linux operating system, pushing malicious actors to give birth to \"\"Linux malware.\"\" To the best of our knowledge, there is currently no comprehensive study attempting to characterize, analyze, and understand Linux malware. The majority of resources on the topic are available as sparse reports often published as blog posts, while the few systematic studies focused on the analysis of specific families of malware (e.g., the Mirai botnet) mainly by looking at their network-level behavior, thus leaving the main challenges of analyzing Linux malware unaddressed. This work constitutes the first step towards filling this gap. After a systematic exploration of the challenges involved in the process, we present the design and implementation details of the first malware analysis pipeline specifically tailored for Linux malware. We then present the results of the first large-scale measurement study conducted on 10,548 malware samples (collected over a time frame of one year) documenting detailed statistics and insights that can help directing future work in the area.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "abc48ae19e2ea1e1bb296ff0ccd492a2",
"text": "This paper reports the results achieved by Carnegie Mellon University on the Topic Detection and Tracking Project’s secondyear evaluation for the segmentation, detection, and tracking tasks. Additional post-evaluation improvements are also",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "62cf2ae97e48e6b57139f305d616ec1b",
"text": "Many analytics applications generate mixed workloads, i.e., workloads comprised of analytical tasks with different processing characteristics including data pre-processing, SQL, and iterative machine learning algorithms. Examples of such mixed workloads can be found in web data analysis, social media analysis, and graph analytics, where they are executed repetitively on large input datasets (e.g., Find the average user time spent on the top 10 most popular web pages on the UK domain web graph.). Scale-out processing engines satisfy the needs of these applications by distributing the data and the processing task efficiently among multiple workers that are first reserved and then used to execute the task in parallel on a cluster of machines. Finding the resource allocation that can complete the workload execution within a given time constraint, and optimizing cluster resource allocations among multiple analytical workloads motivates the need for estimating the runtime of the workload before its actual execution. Predicting runtime of analytical workloads is a challenging problem as runtime depends on a large number of factors that are hard to model a priori execution. These factors can be summarized as workload characteristics (data statistics and processing costs) , the execution configuration (deployment, resource allocation, and software settings), and the cost model that captures the interplay among all of the above parameters. While conventional cost models proposed in the context of query optimization can assess the relative order among alternative SQL query plans, they are not aimed to estimate absolute runtime. Additionally, conventional models are ill-equipped to estimate the runtime of iterative analytics that are executed repetitively until convergence and that of user defined data pre-processing operators which are not “owned” by the underlying data management system. This thesis demonstrates that runtime for data analytics can be predicted accurately by breaking the analytical tasks into multiple processing phases, collecting key input features during a reference execution on a sample of the dataset, and then using the features to build per-phase cost models. We develop prediction models for three categories of data analytics produced by social media applications: iterative machine learning, data pre-processing, and reporting SQL. The prediction framework for iterative analytics, PREDIcT, addresses the challenging problem of estimating the number of iterations, and per-iteration runtime for a class of iterative machine learning algorithms that are run repetitively until convergence. The hybrid prediction models we develop for data pre-processing tasks and for reporting SQL combine the benefits of analytical modeling with that of machine learning-based models. Through a",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "bfe76736623dfc3271be4856f5dc2eef",
"text": "Fact-related information contained in fictional narratives may induce substantial changes in readers’ real-world beliefs. Current models of persuasion through fiction assume that these effects occur because readers are psychologically transported into the fictional world of the narrative. Contrary to general dual-process models of persuasion, models of persuasion through fiction also imply that persuasive effects of fictional narratives are persistent and even increase over time (absolute sleeper effect). In an experiment designed to test this prediction, 81 participants read either a fictional story that contained true as well as false assertions about realworld topics or a control story. There were large short-term persuasive effects of false information, and these effects were even larger for a group with a two-week assessment delay. Belief certainty was weakened immediately after reading but returned to baseline level after two weeks, indicating that beliefs acquired by reading fictional narratives are integrated into realworld knowledge.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "03c74ae78bfe862499c4cb1e18a58ae7",
"text": "Age-associated disease and disability are placing a growing burden on society. However, ageing does not affect people uniformly. Hence, markers of the underlying biological ageing process are needed to help identify people at increased risk of age-associated physical and cognitive impairments and ultimately, death. Here, we present such a biomarker, ‘brain-predicted age’, derived using structural neuroimaging. Brain-predicted age was calculated using machine-learning analysis, trained on neuroimaging data from a large healthy reference sample (N=2001), then tested in the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936 (N=669), to determine relationships with age-associated functional measures and mortality. Having a brain-predicted age indicative of an older-appearing brain was associated with: weaker grip strength, poorer lung function, slower walking speed, lower fluid intelligence, higher allostatic load and increased mortality risk. Furthermore, while combining brain-predicted age with grey matter and cerebrospinal fluid volumes (themselves strong predictors) not did improve mortality risk prediction, the combination of brain-predicted age and DNA-methylation-predicted age did. This indicates that neuroimaging and epigenetics measures of ageing can provide complementary data regarding health outcomes. Our study introduces a clinically-relevant neuroimaging ageing biomarker and demonstrates that combining distinct measurements of biological ageing further helps to determine risk of age-related deterioration and death.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "29ce9730d55b55b84e195983a8506e5c",
"text": "In situ Raman spectroscopy is an extremely valuable technique for investigating fundamental reactions that occur inside lithium rechargeable batteries. However, specialized in situ Raman spectroelectrochemical cells must be constructed to perform these experiments. These cells are often quite different from the cells used in normal electrochemical investigations. More importantly, the number of cells is usually limited by construction costs; thus, routine usage of in situ Raman spectroscopy is hampered for most laboratories. This paper describes a modification to industrially available coin cells that facilitates routine in situ Raman spectroelectrochemical measurements of lithium batteries. To test this strategy, in situ Raman spectroelectrochemical measurements are performed on Li//V2O5 cells. Various phases of Li(x)V2O5 could be identified in the modified coin cells with Raman spectroscopy, and the electrochemical cycling performance between in situ and unmodified cells is nearly identical.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "e244cbd076ea62b4d720378c2adf4438",
"text": "This paper introduces flash organizations: crowds structured like organizations to achieve complex and open-ended goals. Microtask workflows, the dominant crowdsourcing structures today, only enable goals that are so simple and modular that their path can be entirely pre-defined. We present a system that organizes crowd workers into computationally-represented structures inspired by those used in organizations - roles, teams, and hierarchies - which support emergent and adaptive coordination toward open-ended goals. Our system introduces two technical contributions: 1) encoding the crowd's division of labor into de-individualized roles, much as movie crews or disaster response teams use roles to support coordination between on-demand workers who have not worked together before; and 2) reconfiguring these structures through a model inspired by version control, enabling continuous adaptation of the work and the division of labor. We report a deployment in which flash organizations successfully carried out open-ended and complex goals previously out of reach for crowdsourcing, including product design, software development, and game production. This research demonstrates digitally networked organizations that flexibly assemble and reassemble themselves from a globally distributed online workforce to accomplish complex work.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "8baddf0d82411d18a77be03759101c82",
"text": "Deep convolutional neural networks (DCNNs) have been successfully used in many computer vision tasks. Previous works on DCNN acceleration usually use a fixed computation pattern for diverse DCNN models, leading to imbalance between power efficiency and performance. We solve this problem by designing a DCNN acceleration architecture called deep neural architecture (DNA), with reconfigurable computation patterns for different models. The computation pattern comprises a data reuse pattern and a convolution mapping method. For massive and different layer sizes, DNA reconfigures its data paths to support a hybrid data reuse pattern, which reduces total energy consumption by 5.9~8.4 times over conventional methods. For various convolution parameters, DNA reconfigures its computing resources to support a highly scalable convolution mapping method, which obtains 93% computing resource utilization on modern DCNNs. Finally, a layer-based scheduling framework is proposed to balance DNA’s power efficiency and performance for different DCNNs. DNA is implemented in the area of 16 mm2 at 65 nm. On the benchmarks, it achieves 194.4 GOPS at 200 MHz and consumes only 479 mW. The system-level power efficiency is 152.9 GOPS/W (considering DRAM access power), which outperforms the state-of-the-art designs by one to two orders.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "4def0dc478dfb5ddb5a0ec59ec7433f5",
"text": "A system that enables continuous slip compensation for a Mars rover has been designed, implemented, and field-tested. This system is composed of several components that allow the rover to accurately and continuously follow a designated path, compensate for slippage, and reach intended goals in high-slip environments. These components include: visual odometry, vehicle kinematics, a Kalman filter pose estimator, and a slip compensation/path follower. Visual odometry tracks distinctive scene features in stereo imagery to estimate rover motion between successively acquired stereo image pairs. The vehicle kinematics for a rocker-bogie suspension system estimates motion by measuring wheel rates, and rocker, bogie, and steering angles. The Kalman filter merges data from an inertial measurement unit (IMU) and visual odometry. This merged estimate is then compared to the kinematic estimate to determine how much slippage has occurred, taking into account estimate uncertainties. If slippage has occurred then a slip vector is calculated by differencing the current Kalman filter estimate from the kinematic estimate. This slip vector is then used to determine the necessary wheel velocities and steering angles to compensate for slip and follow the desired path.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "29f8b647d8f8de484f2b8f164b9e5add",
"text": "is the latest release of a versatile and very well optimized package for molecular simulation. Much effort has been devoted to achieving extremely high performance on both workstations and parallel computers. The design includes an extraction of vi-rial and periodic boundary conditions from the loops over pairwise interactions, and special software routines to enable rapid calculation of x –1/2. Inner loops are generated automatically in C or Fortran at compile time, with optimizations adapted to each architecture. Assembly loops using SSE and 3DNow! Multimedia instructions are provided for x86 processors, resulting in exceptional performance on inexpensive PC workstations. The interface is simple and easy to use (no scripting language), based on standard command line arguments with self-explanatory functionality and integrated documentation. All binary files are independent of hardware endian and can be read by versions of GROMACS compiled using different floating-point precision. A large collection of flexible tools for trajectory analysis is included, with output in the form of finished Xmgr/Grace graphs. A basic trajectory viewer is included, and several external visualization tools can read the GROMACS trajectory format. Starting with version 3.0, GROMACS is available under the GNU General Public License from",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "528796e22fc248de78a91cc089467c04",
"text": "Automatic recognition of emotional states from human speech is a current research topic with a wide range. In this paper an attempt has been made to recognize and classify the speech emotion from three language databases, namely, Berlin, Japan and Thai emotion databases. Speech features consisting of Fundamental Frequency (F0), Energy, Zero Crossing Rate (ZCR), Linear Predictive Coding (LPC) and Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficient (MFCC) from short-time wavelet signals are comprehensively investigated. In this regard, Support Vector Machines (SVM) is utilized as the classification model. Empirical experimentation shows that the combined features of F0, Energy and MFCC provide the highest accuracy on all databases provided using the linear kernel. It gives 89.80%, 93.57% and 98.00% classification accuracy for Berlin, Japan and Thai emotions databases, respectively.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "88cb8c2f7f4fd5cdc95cc8e48faa3cb7",
"text": "Prediction or prognostication is at the core of modern evidence-based medicine. Prediction of overall mortality and cardiovascular disease can be improved by a systematic evaluation of measurements from large-scale epidemiological studies or by using nested sampling designs to discover new markers from omics technologies. In study I, we investigated if prediction measures such as calibration, discrimination and reclassification could be calculated within traditional sampling designs and which of these designs were the most efficient. We found that is possible to calculate prediction measures by using a proper weighting system and that a stratified casecohort design is a reasonable choice both in terms of efficiency and simplicity. In study II, we investigated the clinical utility of several genetic scores for incident coronary heart disease. We found that genetic information could be of clinical value in improving the allocation of patients to correct risk strata and that the assessment of a genetic risk score among intermediate risk subjects could help to prevent about one coronary heart disease event every 318 people screened. In study III, we explored the association between circulating metabolites and incident coronary heart disease. We found four new metabolites associated with coronary heart disease independently of established cardiovascular risk factors and with evidence of clinical utility. By using genetic information we determined a potential causal effect on coronary heart disease of one of these novel metabolites. In study IV, we compared a large number of demographics, health and lifestyle measurements for association with all-cause and cause-specific mortality. By ranking measurements in terms of their predictive abilities we could provide new insights about their relative importance, as well as reveal some unexpected associations. Moreover we developed and validated a prediction score for five-year mortality with good discrimination ability and calibrated it for the entire UK population. In conclusion, we applied a translational approach spanning from the discovery of novel biomarkers to their evaluation in terms of clinical utility. We combined this effort with methodological improvements aimed to expand prediction measures in settings that were not previously explored. We identified promising novel metabolomics markers for cardiovascular disease and supported the potential clinical utility of a genetic score in primary prevention. Our results might fuel future studies aimed to implement these findings in clinical practice.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "5ee410ddc75170aa38c39281a8d86827",
"text": "Research in automotive safety leads to the conclusion that modern vehicle should utilize active and passive sensors for the recognition of the environment surrounding them. Thus, the development of tracking systems utilizing efficient state estimators is very important. In this case, problems such as moving platform carrying the sensor and maneuvering targets could introduce large errors in the state estimation and in some cases can lead to the divergence of the filter. In order to avoid sub-optimal performance, the unscented Kalman filter is chosen, while a new curvilinear model is applied which takes into account both the turn rate of the detected object and its tangential acceleration, leading to a more accurate modeling of its movement. The performance of the unscented filter using the proposed model in the case of automotive applications is proven to be superior compared to the performance of the extended and linear Kalman filter.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "f47fcbd6412384b85ef458fd3e6b27f3",
"text": "In this paper, we consider positioning with observed-time-difference-of-arrival (OTDOA) for a device deployed in long-term-evolution (LTE) based narrow-band Internet-of-things (NB-IoT) systems. We propose an iterative expectation- maximization based successive interference cancellation (EM-SIC) algorithm to jointly consider estimations of residual frequency- offset (FO), fading-channel taps and time-of- arrival (ToA) of the first arrival-path for each of the detected cells. In order to design a low complexity ToA detector and also due to the limits of low-cost analog circuits, we assume an NB-IoT device working at a low-sampling rate such as 1.92 MHz or lower. The proposed EM-SIC algorithm comprises two stages to detect ToA, based on which OTDOA can be calculated. In a first stage, after running the EM-SIC block a predefined number of iterations, a coarse ToA is estimated for each of the detected cells. Then in a second stage, to improve the ToA resolution, a low-pass filter is utilized to interpolate the correlations of time-domain PRS signal evaluated at a low sampling-rate to a high sampling-rate such as 30.72 MHz. To keep low-complexity, only the correlations inside a small search window centered at the coarse ToA estimates are upsampled. Then, the refined ToAs are estimated based on upsampled correlations. If at least three cells are detected, with OTDOA and the locations of detected cell sites, the position of the NB-IoT device can be estimated. We show through numerical simulations that, the proposed EM-SIC based ToA detector is robust against impairments introduced by inter-cell interference, fading-channel and residual FO. Thus significant signal-to-noise (SNR) gains are obtained over traditional ToA detectors that do not consider these impairments when positioning a device.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "36d7f776d7297f67a136825e9628effc",
"text": "Random walks are at the heart of many existing network embedding methods. However, such algorithms have many limitations that arise from the use of random walks, e.g., the features resulting from these methods are unable to transfer to new nodes and graphs as they are tied to vertex identity. In this work, we introduce the Role2Vec framework which uses the flexible notion of attributed random walks, and serves as a basis for generalizing existing methods such as DeepWalk, node2vec, and many others that leverage random walks. Our proposed framework enables these methods to be more widely applicable for both transductive and inductive learning as well as for use on graphs with attributes (if available). This is achieved by learning functions that generalize to new nodes and graphs. We show that our proposed framework is effective with an average AUC improvement of 16.55% while requiring on average 853x less space than existing methods on a variety of graphs.",
"title": ""
}
] | scidocsrr |
49e658809e38ef884886729d22555c60 | On Model Discovery For Hosted Data Science Projects | [
{
"docid": "9e35b35e679b7344c568c0edbad67a62",
"text": "Ground is an open-source data context service, a system to manage all the information that informs the use of data. Data usage has changed both philosophically and practically in the last decade, creating an opportunity for new data context services to foster further innovation. In this paper we frame the challenges of managing data context with basic ABCs: Applications, Behavior, and Change. We provide motivation and design guidelines, present our initial design of a common metamodel and API, and explore the current state of the storage solutions that could serve the needs of a data context service. Along the way we highlight opportunities for new research and engineering solutions. 1. FROM CRISIS TO OPPORTUNITY Traditional database management systems were developed in an era of risk-averse design. The technology itself was expensive, as was the on-site cost of managing it. Expertise was scarce and concentrated in a handful of computing and consulting firms. Two conservative design patterns emerged that lasted many decades. First, the accepted best practices for deploying databases revolved around tight control of schemas and data ingest in support of general-purpose accounting and compliance use cases. Typical advice from data warehousing leaders held that “There is no point in bringing data . . . into the data warehouse environment without integrating it” [15]. Second, the data management systems designed for these users were often built by a single vendor and deployed as a monolithic stack. A traditional DBMS included a consistent storage engine, a dataflow engine, a language compiler and optimizer, a runtime scheduler, a metadata catalog, and facilities for data ingest and queueing—all designed to work closely together. As computing and data have become orders of magnitude more efficient, changes have emerged for both of these patterns. Usage is changing profoundly, as expertise and control shifts from the central accountancy of an IT department to the domain expertise of “business units” tasked with extracting value from data [12]. The changes in economics and usage brought on the “three Vs” of Big Data: Volume, Velocity and Variety. Resulting best practices focus on open-ended schema-on-use data “lakes” and agile development, This article is published under a Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/), which permits distribution and reproduction in any medium as well allowing derivative works, provided that you attribute the original work to the author(s) and CIDR 2017. CIDR ’17 January 8-11, 2017, Chaminade, CA, USA in support of exploratory analytics and innovative application intelligence [26]. Second, while many pieces of systems software that have emerged in this space are familiar, the overriding architecture is profoundly different. In today’s leading open source data management stacks, nearly all of the components of a traditional DBMS are explicitly independent and interchangeable. This architectural decoupling is a critical and under-appreciated aspect of the Big Data movement, enabling more rapid innovation and specialization. 1.1 Crisis: Big Metadata An unfortunate consequence of the disaggregated nature of contemporary data systems is the lack of a standard mechanism to assemble a collective understanding of the origin, scope, and usage of the data they manage. In the absence of a better solution to this pressing need, the Hive Metastore is sometimes used, but it only serves simple relational schemas—a dead end for representing a Variety of data. As a result, data lake projects typically lack even the most rudimentary information about the data they contain or how it is being used. For emerging Big Data customers and vendors, this Big Metadata problem is hitting a crisis point. Two significant classes of end-user problems follow directly from the absence of shared metadata services. The first is poor productivity. Analysts are often unable to discover what data exists, much less how it has been previously used by peers. Valuable data is left unused and human effort is routinely duplicated—particularly in a schema-on-use world with raw data that requires preparation. “Tribal knowledge” is a common description for how organizations manage this productivity problem. This is clearly not a systematic solution, and scales very poorly as organizations grow. The second problem stemming from the absence of a system to track metadata is governance risk. Data management necessarily entails tracking or controlling who accesses data, what they do with it, where they put it, and how it gets consumed downstream. In the absence of a standard place to store metadata and answer these questions, it is impossible to enforce policies and/or audit behavior. As a result, many administrators marginalize their Big Data stack as a playpen for non-critical data, and thereby inhibit both the adoption and the potential of new technologies. In our experiences deploying and managing systems in production, we have seen the need for a common service layer to support the capture, publishing and sharing of metadata information in a flexible way. The effort in this paper began by addressing that need. 1.2 Opportunity: Data Context The lack of metadata services in the Big Data stack can be viewed as an opportunity: a clean slate to rethink how we track and leverage modern usage of data. Storage economics and schema-on-use agility suggest that the Data Lake movement could go much farther than Data Warehousing in enabling diverse, widely-used central repositories of data that can adapt to new data formats and rapidly changing organizations. In that spirit, we advocate rethinking traditional metadata in a far more comprehensive sense. More generally, what we should strive to capture is the full context of data. To emphasize the conceptual shifts of this data context, and as a complement to the “three Vs” of Big Data, we introduce three key sources of information—the ABCs of Data Context. Each represents a major change from the simple metadata of traditional enterprise data management. Applications: Application context is the core information that describes how raw bits get interpreted for use. In modern agile scenarios, application context is often relativistic (many schemas for the same data) and complex (with custom code for data interpretation). Application context ranges from basic data descriptions (encodings, schemas, ontologies, tags), to statistical models and parameters, to user annotations. All of the artifacts involved—wrangling scripts, view definitions, model parameters, training sets, etc.—are critical aspects of application context. Behavior: This is information about how data was created and used over time. In decoupled systems, behavioral context spans multiple services, applications and formats and often originates from highvolume sources (e.g., machine-generated usage logs). Not only must we track upstream lineage— the data sets and code that led to the creation of a data object—we must also track the downstream lineage, including data products derived from this data object. Aside from data lineage, behavioral context includes logs of usage: the “digital exhaust” left behind by computations on the data. As a result, behavioral context metadata can often be larger than the data itself. Change: This is information about the version history of data, code and associated information, including changes over time to both structure and content. Traditional metadata focused on the present, but historical context is increasingly useful in agile organizations. This context can be a linear sequence of versions, or it can encompass branching and concurrent evolution, along with interactions between co-evolving versions. By tracking the version history of all objects spanning code, data, and entire analytics pipelines, we can simplify debugging and enable auditing and counterfactual analysis. Data context services represent an opportunity for database technology innovation, and an urgent requirement for the field. We are building an open-source data context service we call Ground, to serve as a central model, API and repository for capturing the broad context in which data gets used. Our goal is to address practical problems for the Big Data community in the short term and to open up opportunities for long-term research and innovation. In the remainder of the paper we illustrate the opportunities in this space, design requirements for solutions, and our initial efforts to tackle these challenges in open source. 2. DIVERSE USE CASES To illustrate the potential of the Ground data context service, we describe two concrete scenarios in which Ground can aid in data discovery, facilitate better collaboration, protect confidentiality, help diagnose problems, and ultimately enable new value to be captured from existing data. After presenting these scenarios, we explore the design requirements for a data context service. 2.1 Scenario: Context-Enabled Analytics This scenario represents the kind of usage we see in relatively technical organizations making aggressive use of data for machinelearning driven applications like customer targeting. In these organizations, data analysts make extensive use of flexible tools for data preparation and visualization and often have some SQL skills, while data scientists actively prototype and develop custom software for machine learning applications. Janet is an analyst in the Customer Satisfaction department at a large bank. She suspects that the social network behavior of customers can predict if they are likely to close their accounts (customer churn). Janet has access to a rich context-service-enabled data lake and a wide range of tools that she can use to assess her hypothesis. Janet begins by downloading a free sample of a social media feed. She uses an advanced data catalog application (we’ll call it “Catly”) which connects to Ground, recognizes the co",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "66d35e0f9d725475d9d1e61a724cf5ea",
"text": "As data-driven methods are becoming pervasive in a wide variety of disciplines, there is an urgent need to develop scalable and sustainable tools to simplify the process of data science, to make it easier for the users to keep track of the analyses being performed and datasets being generated, and to enable the users to understand and analyze the workflows. In this paper, we describe our vision of a unified provenance and metadata management system to support lifecycle management of complex collaborative data science workflows. We argue that the information about the analysis processes and data artifacts can, and should be, captured in a semi-passive manner; and we show that querying and analyzing this information can not only simplify bookkeeping and debugging tasks but also enable a rich new set of capabilities like identifying flaws in the data science process itself. It can also significantly reduce the user time spent in fixing post-deployment problems through automated analysis and monitoring. We have implemented a prototype system, PROVDB, on top of git and Neo4j, and we describe its key features and capabilities.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "c3317ea39578195cab8801b8a31b21b6",
"text": "We study a novel machine learning (ML) problem setting of sequentially allocating small subsets of training data amongst a large set of classifiers. The goal is to select a classifier that will give near-optimal accuracy when trained on all data, while also minimizing the cost of misallocated samples. This is motivated by large modern datasets and ML toolkits with many combinations of learning algorithms and hyperparameters. Inspired by the principle of “optimism under uncertainty,” we propose an innovative strategy, Data Allocation using Upper Bounds (DAUB), which robustly achieves these objectives across a variety of real-world datasets. We further develop substantial theoretical support for DAUB in an idealized setting where the expected accuracy of a classifier trained on n samples can be known exactly. Under these conditions we establish a rigorous sub-linear bound on the regret of the approach (in terms of misallocated data), as well as a rigorous bound on suboptimality of the selected classifier. Our accuracy estimates using real-world datasets only entail mild violations of the theoretical scenario, suggesting that the practical behavior of DAUB is likely to approach the idealized behavior.",
"title": ""
}
] | [
{
"docid": "98fb03e0e590551fa9e7c82b827c78ed",
"text": "This article describes on-going developments of the VENUS European Project (Virtual ExploratioN of Underwater Sites, http://www.venus-project.eu) concerning the first mission to sea in Pianosa Island, Italy in October 2006. The VENUS project aims at providing scientific methodologies and technological tools for the virtual exploration of deep underwater archaeological sites. The VENUS project will improve the accessibility of underwater sites by generating thorough and exhaustive 3D records for virtual exploration. In this paper we focus on the underwater photogrammetric approach used to survey the archaeological site of Pianosa. After a brief presentation of the archaeological context we shall see the calibration process in such a context. The next part of this paper is dedicated to the survey: it is divided into two parts: a DTM of the site (combining acoustic bathymetry and photogrammetry) and a specific artefact plotting dedicated to the amphorae present on the site. * Corresponding author. This is useful to know for communication with the appropriate person in cases with more than one author. ** http://cordis.europa.eu/ist/digicult/venus.htm or the project web site : http://www.venus-project.eu 1. VENUS, VIRTUAL EXPLORATION OF UNDERWATER SITES The VENUS project is funded by European Commission, Information Society Technologies (IST) programme of the 6th FP for RTD . It aims at providing scientific methodologies and technological tools for the virtual exploration of deep underwater archaeological sites. (Chapman et alii, 2006). Underwater archaeological sites, for example shipwrecks, offer extraordinary opportunities for archaeologists due to factors such as darkness, low temperatures and a low oxygen rate which are favourable to preservation. On the other hand, these sites can not be experienced first hand and today are continuously jeopardised by activities such as deep trawling that destroy their surface layer. The VENUS project will improve the accessibility of underwater sites by generating thorough and exhaustive 3D records for virtual exploration. The project team plans to survey shipwrecks at various depths and to explore advanced methods and techniques of data acquisition through autonomous or remotely operated unmanned vehicles with innovative sonar and photogrammetry equipment. Research will also cover aspects such as data processing and storage, plotting of archaeological artefacts and information system management. This work will result in a series of best practices and procedures for collecting and storing data. Further, VENUS will develop virtual reality and augmented reality tools for the visualisation of an immersive interaction with a digital model of an underwater site. The model will be made accessible online, both as an example of digital preservation and for demonstrating new facilities of exploration in a safe, cost-effective and pedagogical environment. The virtual underwater site will provide archaeologists with an improved insight into the data and the general public with simulated dives to the site. The VENUS consortium, composed of eleven partners, is pooling expertise in various disciplines: archaeology and underwater exploration, knowledge representation and photogrammetry, virtual reality and digital data preservation. This paper focuses on the first experimentation in Pianosa Island, Tuscany, Italy. The document is structured as follows. A short description of the archaeological context, then the next section explains the survey method: calibration, collecting photographs using ROV and divers, photographs orientation and a particular way to measure amphorae with photogrammetry using archaeological knowledge. A section shows 3D results in VRML and finally we present the future planned work. 2. THE UNDERWATER ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITE OF PIANOSA ISLAND The underwater archaeological site of Pianosa, discovered in 1989 by volunteer divers (Giuseppe Adriani, Paolo Vaccari), is located at a depth of 35 m, close to the Scoglio della Scola, in XXI International CIPA Symposium, 01-06 October, Athens, Greece",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "b9c253196a1cac6109e814e5d9a7cd97",
"text": "In this digital age, most business is conducted electronically. This contemporary paradigm creates openings for potentially harmful unanticipated information security incidents of both a criminal or civil nature, with the potential to cause considerable direct and indirect damage to smaller businesses. Electronic evidence is fundamental to the successful handling of such incidents. If an organisation does not prepare proactively for such incidents it is highly likely that important relevant digital evidence will not be available. Not being able to respond effectively could be extremely damaging to smaller companies, as they are unable to absorb losses as easily as larger organisations. In order to prepare smaller businesses for incidents of this nature, the implementation of Digital Forensic Readiness policies and procedures is necessitated. Numerous varying factors such as the perceived high cost, as well as the current lack of forensic skills, make the implementation of Digital Forensic Readiness appear difficult if not infeasible for smaller organisations. In order to solve this problem it is necessary to develop a scalable and flexible framework for the implementation of Digital Forensic Readiness based on the individual risk profile of a small to medium enterprise (SME). This paper aims to determine, from literature, the concepts of Digital Forensic Readiness and how they apply to SMEs. Based on the findings, the aspects of Digital Forensics and organisational characteristics that should be included in such a framework is highlighted.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "6ffbb212bec4c90c6b37a9fde3fd0b4c",
"text": "In this paper, we address a new research problem on active learning from data streams where data volumes grow continuously and labeling all data is considered expensive and impractical. The objective is to label a small portion of stream data from which a model is derived to predict newly arrived instances as accurate as possible. In order to tackle the challenges raised by data streams' dynamic nature, we propose a classifier ensembling based active learning framework which selectively labels instances from data streams to build an accurate classifier. A minimal variance principle is introduced to guide instance labeling from data streams. In addition, a weight updating rule is derived to ensure that our instance labeling process can adaptively adjust to dynamic drifting concepts in the data. Experimental results on synthetic and real-world data demonstrate the performances of the proposed efforts in comparison with other simple approaches.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "d6587e4d37742c25355296da3a718c41",
"text": "Vehicular Ad hoc Networks (VANETs) are classified as an application of Mobile Ad-hoc Networks (MANETs) that has the potential in improving road safety and providing Intelligent Transportation System (ITS). Vehicular communication system facilitates communication devices for exchange of information among vehicles and vehicles and Road Side Units (RSUs).The era of vehicular adhoc networks is now gaining attention and momentum. Researchers and developers have built VANET simulation tools to allow the study and evaluation of various routing protocols, various emergency warning protocols and others VANET applications. Simulation of VANET routing protocols and its applications is fundamentally different from MANETs simulation because in VANETs, vehicular environment impose new issues and requirements, such as multi-path fading, roadside obstacles, trip models, traffic flow models, traffic lights, traffic congestion, vehicular speed and mobility, drivers behaviour etc. This paper presents a comparative study of various publicly available VANET simulation tools. Currently, there are network simulators, VANET mobility generators and VANET simulators are publicly available. In particular, this paper contrast their software characteristics, graphical user interface, accuracy of simulation, ease of use, popularity, input requirements, output visualization capabilities etc. Keywords-Ad-hoc network, ITS (Intelligent Transportation System), MANET, Simulation, VANET.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "fd543534d6a9cf10abb2f073cec41fdb",
"text": "Article history: Available online 26 October 2012 We present an O ( √ n log n)-approximation algorithm for the problem of finding the sparsest spanner of a given directed graph G on n vertices. A spanner of a graph is a sparse subgraph that approximately preserves distances in the original graph. More precisely, given a graph G = (V , E) with nonnegative edge lengths d : E → R 0 and a stretch k 1, a subgraph H = (V , E H ) is a k-spanner of G if for every edge (s, t) ∈ E , the graph H contains a path from s to t of length at most k · d(s, t). The previous best approximation ratio was Õ (n2/3), due to Dinitz and Krauthgamer (STOC ’11). We also improve the approximation ratio for the important special case of directed 3-spanners with unit edge lengths from Õ ( √ n ) to O (n1/3 log n). The best previously known algorithms for this problem are due to Berman, Raskhodnikova and Ruan (FSTTCS ’10) and Dinitz and Krauthgamer. The approximation ratio of our algorithm almost matches Dinitz and Krauthgamer’s lower bound for the integrality gap of a natural linear programming relaxation. Our algorithm directly implies an O (n1/3 log n)-approximation for the 3-spanner problem on undirected graphs with unit lengths. An easy O ( √ n )-approximation algorithm for this problem has been the best known for decades. Finally, we consider the Directed Steiner Forest problem: given a directed graph with edge costs and a collection of ordered vertex pairs, find a minimum-cost subgraph that contains a path between every prescribed pair. We obtain an approximation ratio of O (n2/3+ ) for any constant > 0, which improves the O (n · min(n4/5,m2/3)) ratio due to Feldman, Kortsarz and Nutov (JCSS’12). © 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "70ed5a9f324bfd601de3759ae0b94bd1",
"text": "BACKGROUND\nBiomarkers have many distinct purposes, and depending on their intended use, the validation process varies substantially.\n\n\nPURPOSE\nThe goal of this article is to provide an introduction to the topic of biomarkers, and then to discuss three specific types of biomarkers, namely, prognostic, predictive, and surrogate.\n\n\nRESULTS\nA principle challenge for biomarker validation from a statistical perspective is the issue of multiplicity. In general, the solution to this multiplicity challenge is well known to statisticians: pre-specification and replication. Critical requirements for prognostic marker validation include uniform treatment, complete follow-up, unbiased case selection, and complete ascertainment of the many possible confounders that exist in the context of an observational sample. In the case of predictive biomarker validation, observational data are clearly inadequate and randomized controlled trials are mandatory. Within the context of randomization, strategies for predictive marker validation can be grouped into two categories: retrospective versus prospective validation. The critical validation criteria for a surrogate endpoint is to ensure that if a trial uses a surrogate endpoint, the trial will result in the same inferences as if the trial had observed the true endpoint. The field of surrogate endpoint validation has now moved to the multi-trial or meta-analytic setting as the preferred method.\n\n\nCONCLUSIONS\nBiomarkers are a highly active research area. For all biomarker developmental and validation studies, the importance of fundamental statistical concepts remains the following: pre-specification of hypotheses, randomization, and replication. Further statistical methodology research in this area is clearly needed as we move forward.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "f86eea3192fe3dd8548cec52e53553e0",
"text": "Acromioclavicular (AC) joint separations are common injuries of the shoulder girdle, especially in the young and active population. Typically the mechanism of this injury is a direct force against the lateral aspect of the adducted shoulder, the magnitude of which affects injury severity. While low-grade injuries are frequently managed successfully using non-surgical measures, high-grade injuries frequently warrant surgical intervention to minimize pain and maximize shoulder function. Factors such as duration of injury and activity level should also be taken into account in an effort to individualize each patient's treatment. A number of surgical techniques have been introduced to manage symptomatic, high-grade injuries. The purpose of this article is to review the important anatomy, biomechanical background, and clinical management of this entity.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "82e0394b9b5c88c14259fabd111ddc46",
"text": "In recent years, the venous flap has been highly regarded in microsurgical and reconstructive surgeries, especially in the reconstruction of hand and digit injuries. It is easily designed and harvested with good quality. It is thin and pliable, without the need of sacrificing a major artery at the donor site, and has no limitation on the donor site. It can be transferred not only as a pure skin flap, but also as a composite flap including tendons and nerves as well as vein grafts. All these advantages make it an optimal candidate for hand and digit reconstruction when conventional flaps are limited or unavailable. In this article, we review its classifications and the selection of donor sites, update its clinical applications, and summarize its indications for all types of venous flaps in hand and digit reconstruction.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "6717e438376a78cb177bfc3942b6eec6",
"text": "Decisions are often guided by generalizing from past experiences. Fundamental questions remain regarding the cognitive and neural mechanisms by which generalization takes place. Prior data suggest that generalization may stem from inference-based processes at the time of generalization. By contrast, generalization may emerge from mnemonic processes occurring while premise events are encoded. Here, participants engaged in a two-phase learning and generalization task, wherein they learned a series of overlapping associations and subsequently generalized what they learned to novel stimulus combinations. Functional MRI revealed that successful generalization was associated with coupled changes in learning-phase activity in the hippocampus and midbrain (ventral tegmental area/substantia nigra). These findings provide evidence for generalization based on integrative encoding, whereby overlapping past events are integrated into a linked mnemonic representation. Hippocampal-midbrain interactions support the dynamic integration of experiences, providing a powerful mechanism for building a rich associative history that extends beyond individual events.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "4434d1d0cbf30d62bcbbd7cf14989034",
"text": "The EDT2 750V uses a micro pattern trench cell with a narrow mesa for reducing the on-state losses with a tailored channel width for short circuit robustness. To account for high system stray inductances (Lstray) and currents for Full or Hybrid Electric Vehicle inverter applications, it features a 750V voltage rating compared to the predecessor IGBT3 650V by an optimized vertical structure and proper plasma shaping. This plasma distribution not only determines the performance tradeoff between on-state and switching losses, but at the same time defines the surge voltage for a given Lstray*I in the application as visualized in a switch-off loss vs. surge voltage trade-off diagram. Shaping of the feedback capacitance Cgc optimizes the tunability of the switching slopes by means of an external gate resistor for an easier adaption to a wider range of system inductances with low losses.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "064cedd8f636b3d3c004d68eb85a7166",
"text": "This paper presents a strategy to generate generic summary of documents using Probabilistic Latent Semantic Indexing. Generally a document contains several topics rather than a single one. Summaries created by human beings tend to cover several topics to give the readers an overall idea about the original document. Hence we can expect that a summary containing sentences from better part of the topic spectrum should make a better summary. PLSI has proven to be an effective method in topic detection. In this paper we present a method for creating extractive summary of the document by using PLSI to analyze the features of document such as term frequency and graph structure. We also show our results, which was evaluated using ROUGE, and compare the results with other techniques, proposed in the past.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "2f88356c3a1ab60e3dd084f7d9630c70",
"text": "Recently, some E-commerce sites launch a new interaction box called Tips on their mobile apps. Users can express their experience and feelings or provide suggestions using short texts typically several words or one sentence. In essence, writing some tips and giving a numerical rating are two facets of a user's product assessment action, expressing the user experience and feelings. Jointly modeling these two facets is helpful for designing a better recommendation system. While some existing models integrate text information such as item specifications or user reviews into user and item latent factors for improving the rating prediction, no existing works consider tips for improving recommendation quality. We propose a deep learning based framework named NRT which can simultaneously predict precise ratings and generate abstractive tips with good linguistic quality simulating user experience and feelings. For abstractive tips generation, gated recurrent neural networks are employed to \"translate'' user and item latent representations into a concise sentence. Extensive experiments on benchmark datasets from different domains show that NRT achieves significant improvements over the state-of-the-art methods. Moreover, the generated tips can vividly predict the user experience and feelings.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "0db1e1304ec2b5d40790677c9ce07394",
"text": "Neural sequence-to-sequence model has achieved great success in abstractive summarization task. However, due to the limit of input length, most of previous works can only utilize lead sentences as the input to generate the abstractive summarization, which ignores crucial information of the document. To alleviate this problem, we propose a novel approach to improve neural sentence summarization by using extractive summarization, which aims at taking full advantage of the document information as much as possible. Furthermore, we present both of streamline strategy and system combination strategy to achieve the fusion of the contents in different views, which can be easily adapted to other domains. Experimental results on CNN/Daily Mail dataset demonstrate both our proposed strategies can significantly improve the performance of neural sentence summarization.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "5c5c21bd0c50df31c6ccec63d864568c",
"text": "Intellectual Property issues (IP) is a concern that refrains companies to cooperate in whatever of Open Innovation (OI) processes. Particularly, SME consider open innovation as uncertain, risky processes. Despite the opportunities that online OI platforms offer, SMEs have so far failed to embrace them, and proved reluctant to OI. We intend to find whether special collaborative spaces that facilitate a sort of preventive idea claiming, explicit claiming evolution of defensive publication, as so far patents and publications for prevailing innovation, can be the right complementary instruments in OI as to when stronger IP protection regimes might drive openness by SME in general. These spaces, which we name NIR (Networking Innovation Rooms), are a practical, smart paradigm to boost OI for SME. There users sign smart contracts as NDA which takes charge of timestamping any IP disclosure or creation and declares what corrective actions (if they might apply) might be taken for unauthorised IP usage or disclosure of any of the NDA signers. With Blockchain, a new technology emerges which enables decentralised, fine-grained IP management for OI.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "7db7d64ce262c5e4681d91c6faf29f67",
"text": "Conceptual natural language processing systems usually rely on case frame instantiation to recognize events and role objects in text. But generating a good set of case frames for a domain is timeconsuming, tedious, and prone to errors of omission. We have developed a corpus-based algorithm for acquiring conceptual case frames empirically from unannotated text. Our algorithm builds on previous research on corpus-based methods for acquiring extraction patterns and semantic lexicons. Given extraction patterns and a semantic lexicon for a domain, our algorithm learns semantic preferences for each extraction pattern and merges the syntactically compatible patterns to produce multi-slot case frames with selectional restrictions. The case frames generate more cohesive output and produce fewer false hits than the original extraction patterns. Our system requires only preclassified training texts and a few hours of manual review to filter the dictionaries, demonstrating that conceptual case frames can be acquired from unannotated text without special training resources.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "77bdd6c3f5065ef4abfaa70d34bc020a",
"text": "The discovery of disease-causing mutations typically requires confirmation of the variant or gene in multiple unrelated individuals, and a large number of rare genetic diseases remain unsolved due to difficulty identifying second families. To enable the secure sharing of case records by clinicians and rare disease scientists, we have developed the PhenomeCentral portal (https://phenomecentral.org). Each record includes a phenotypic description and relevant genetic information (exome or candidate genes). PhenomeCentral identifies similar patients in the database based on semantic similarity between clinical features, automatically prioritized genes from whole-exome data, and candidate genes entered by the users, enabling both hypothesis-free and hypothesis-driven matchmaking. Users can then contact other submitters to follow up on promising matches. PhenomeCentral incorporates data for over 1,000 patients with rare genetic diseases, contributed by the FORGE and Care4Rare Canada projects, the US NIH Undiagnosed Diseases Program, the EU Neuromics and ANDDIrare projects, as well as numerous independent clinicians and scientists. Though the majority of these records have associated exome data, most lack a molecular diagnosis. PhenomeCentral has already been used to identify causative mutations for several patients, and its ability to find matching patients and diagnose these diseases will grow with each additional patient that is entered.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "970fed17476873ab69b0359f6d74ab40",
"text": "The smart grid is an innovative energy network that will improve the conventional electrical grid network to be more reliable, cooperative, responsive, and economical. Within the context of the new capabilities, advanced data sensing, communication, and networking technology will play a significant role in shaping the future of the smart grid. The smart grid will require a flexible and efficient framework to ensure the collection of timely and accurate information from various locations in power grid to provide continuous and reliable operation. This article presents a tutorial on the sensor data collection, communications, and networking issues for the smart grid. First, the applications of data sensing in the smart grid are reviewed. Then, the requirements for data sensing and collection, the corresponding sensors and actuators, and the communication and networking architecture are discussed. The communication technologies and the data communication network architecture and protocols for the smart grid are described. Next, different emerging techniques for data sensing, communications, and sensor data networking are reviewed. The issues related to security of data sensing and communications in the smart grid are then discussed. To this end, the standardization activities and use cases related to data sensing and communications in the smart grid are summarized. Finally, several open issues and challenges are outlined. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "b772ea661f263bbe4e012547f9e14539",
"text": "MOTIVATION\nMany problems in data integration in bioinformatics can be posed as one common question: Are two sets of observations generated by the same distribution? We propose a kernel-based statistical test for this problem, based on the fact that two distributions are different if and only if there exists at least one function having different expectation on the two distributions. Consequently we use the maximum discrepancy between function means as the basis of a test statistic. The Maximum Mean Discrepancy (MMD) can take advantage of the kernel trick, which allows us to apply it not only to vectors, but strings, sequences, graphs, and other common structured data types arising in molecular biology.\n\n\nRESULTS\nWe study the practical feasibility of an MMD-based test on three central data integration tasks: Testing cross-platform comparability of microarray data, cancer diagnosis, and data-content based schema matching for two different protein function classification schemas. In all of these experiments, including high-dimensional ones, MMD is very accurate in finding samples that were generated from the same distribution, and outperforms its best competitors.\n\n\nCONCLUSIONS\nWe have defined a novel statistical test of whether two samples are from the same distribution, compatible with both multivariate and structured data, that is fast, easy to implement, and works well, as confirmed by our experiments.\n\n\nAVAILABILITY\nhttp://www.dbs.ifi.lmu.de/~borgward/MMD.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "8b5a06aab3e4bc184733eb108c1706ae",
"text": "Profiling data to determine metadata about a given dataset is an important and frequent activity of any IT professional and researcher and is necessary for various use-cases. It encompasses a vast array of methods to examine datasets and produce metadata. Among the simpler results are statistics, such as the number of null values and distinct values in a column, its data type, or the most frequent patterns of its data values. Metadata that are more difficult to compute involve multiple columns, namely correlations, unique column combinations, functional dependencies, and inclusion dependencies. Further techniques detect conditional properties of the dataset at hand. This survey provides a classification of data profiling tasks and comprehensively reviews the state of the art for each class. In addition, we review data profiling tools and systems from research and industry. We conclude with an outlook on the future of data profiling beyond traditional profiling tasks and beyond relational databases.",
"title": ""
}
] | scidocsrr |
2c574cc023094e7773ecd17a6bb84cda | Parallelizing MCMC via Weierstrass Sampler | [
{
"docid": "20deb56f6d004a8e33d1e1a4f579c1ba",
"text": "Hamiltonian dynamics can be used to produce distant proposals for the Metropolis algorithm, thereby avoiding the slow exploration of the state space that results from the diffusive behaviour of simple random-walk proposals. Though originating in physics, Hamiltonian dynamics can be applied to most problems with continuous state spaces by simply introducing fictitious “momentum” variables. A key to its usefulness is that Hamiltonian dynamics preserves volume, and its trajectories can thus be used to define complex mappings without the need to account for a hard-to-compute Jacobian factor — a property that can be exactly maintained even when the dynamics is approximated by discretizing time. In this review, I discuss theoretical and practical aspects of Hamiltonian Monte Carlo, and present some of its variations, including using windows of states for deciding on acceptance or rejection, computing trajectories using fast approximations, tempering during the course of a trajectory to handle isolated modes, and short-cut methods that prevent useless trajectories from taking much computation time.",
"title": ""
}
] | [
{
"docid": "72b93e02049b837a7990225494883708",
"text": "Cloud computing is emerging as a major trend in the ICT industry. While most of the attention of the research community is focused on considering the perspective of the Cloud providers, offering mechanisms to support scaling of resources and interoperability and federation between Clouds, the perspective of developers and operators willing to choose the Cloud without being strictly bound to a specific solution is mostly neglected.\n We argue that Model-Driven Development can be helpful in this context as it would allow developers to design software systems in a cloud-agnostic way and to be supported by model transformation techniques into the process of instantiating the system into specific, possibly, multiple Clouds. The MODAClouds (MOdel-Driven Approach for the design and execution of applications on multiple Clouds) approach we present here is based on these principles and aims at supporting system developers and operators in exploiting multiple Clouds for the same system and in migrating (part of) their systems from Cloud to Cloud as needed. MODAClouds offers a quality-driven design, development and operation method and features a Decision Support System to enable risk analysis for the selection of Cloud providers and for the evaluation of the Cloud adoption impact on internal business processes. Furthermore, MODAClouds offers a run-time environment for observing the system under execution and for enabling a feedback loop with the design environment. This allows system developers to react to performance fluctuations and to re-deploy applications on different Clouds on the long term.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "e118177a0fc9fad704b2be958b01a873",
"text": "Safety stories specify safety requirements, using the EARS (Easy Requirements Specification) format. Software practitioners can use them in agile projects at lower levels of safety criticality to deal effectively with safety concerns.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "c08518b806c93dde1dd04fdf3c9c45bb",
"text": "Purpose – The objectives of this article are to develop a multiple-item scale for measuring e-service quality and to study the influence of perceived quality on consumer satisfaction levels and the level of web site loyalty. Design/methodology/approach – First, there is an explanation of the main attributes of the concepts examined, with special attention being paid to the multi-dimensional nature of the variables and the relationships between them. This is followed by an examination of the validation processes of the measuring instruments. Findings – The validation process of scales suggested that perceived quality is a multidimensional construct: web design, customer service, assurance and order management; that perceived quality influences on satisfaction; and that satisfaction influences on consumer loyalty. Moreover, no differences in these conclusions were observed if the total sample is divided between buyers and information searchers. Practical implications – First, the need to develop user-friendly web sites which ease consumer purchasing and searching, thus creating a suitable framework for the generation of higher satisfaction and loyalty levels. Second, the web site manager should enhance service loyalty, customer sensitivity, personalised service and a quick response to complaints. Third, the web site should uphold sufficient security levels in communications and meet data protection requirements regarding the privacy. Lastly, the need for correct product delivery and product manipulation or service is recommended. Originality/value – Most relevant studies about perceived quality in the internet have focused on web design aspects. Moreover, the existing literature regarding internet consumer behaviour has not fully analysed profits generated by higher perceived quality in terms of user satisfaction and loyalty.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "a6ce059863bc504242dff00025791b01",
"text": "We examined allelic polymorphisms of the serotonin transporter (5-HTT) gene and antidepressant response to 6 weeks' treatment with the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) drugs fluoxetine or paroxetine. We genotyped 120 patients and 252 normal controls, using polymerase chain reaction of genomic DNA with primers flanking the second intron and promoter regions of the 5-HTT gene. Diagnosis of depression was not associated with 5-HTT polymorphisms. Patients homozygous l/l in intron 2 or homozygous s/s in the promoter region showed better responses than all others (p < 0.0001, p = 0.0074, respectively). Lack of the l/l allele form in intron 2 most powerfully predicted non-response (83.3%). Response to SSRI drugs is related to allelic variation in the 5-HTT gene in depressed Korean patients.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "d3f256c026125f98ccb09fd6403ee5a0",
"text": "Endocytic mechanisms control the lipid and protein composition of the plasma membrane, thereby regulating how cells interact with their environments. Here, we review what is known about mammalian endocytic mechanisms, with focus on the cellular proteins that control these events. We discuss the well-studied clathrin-mediated endocytic mechanisms and dissect endocytic pathways that proceed independently of clathrin. These clathrin-independent pathways include the CLIC/GEEC endocytic pathway, arf6-dependent endocytosis, flotillin-dependent endocytosis, macropinocytosis, circular doral ruffles, phagocytosis, and trans-endocytosis. We also critically review the role of caveolae and caveolin1 in endocytosis. We highlight the roles of lipids, membrane curvature-modulating proteins, small G proteins, actin, and dynamin in endocytic pathways. We discuss the functional relevance of distinct endocytic pathways and emphasize the importance of studying these pathways to understand human disease processes.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "20df8d71b963a432f4a0ea5fc129463a",
"text": "This study provided a comparative analysis of three social network sites, the open-to-all Facebook, the professionally oriented LinkedIn and the exclusive, members-only ASmallWorld.The analysis focused on the underlying structure or architecture of these sites, on the premise that it may set the tone for particular types of interaction.Through this comparative examination, four themes emerged, highlighting the private/public balance present in each social networking site, styles of self-presentation in spaces privately public and publicly private, cultivation of taste performances as a mode of sociocultural identification and organization and the formation of tight or loose social settings. Facebook emerged as the architectural equivalent of a glasshouse, with a publicly open structure, looser behavioral norms and an abundance of tools that members use to leave cues for each other. LinkedIn and ASmallWorld produced tighter spaces, which were consistent with the taste ethos of each network and offered less room for spontaneous interaction and network generation.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "dc6ee3d45fa76aafe45507b0778018d5",
"text": "Traditional endpoint protection will not address the looming cybersecurity crisis because it ignores the source of the problem--the vast online black market buried deep within the Internet.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "c42edb326ec95c257b821cc617e174e6",
"text": "recommendation systems support users and developers of various computer and software systems to overcome information overload, perform information discovery tasks and approximate computation, among others. They have recently become popular and have attracted a wide variety of application scenarios from business process modelling to source code manipulation. Due to this wide variety of application domains, different approaches and metrics have been adopted for their evaluation. In this chapter, we review a range of evaluation metrics and measures as well as some approaches used for evaluating recommendation systems. The metrics presented in this chapter are grouped under sixteen different dimensions, e.g., correctness, novelty, coverage. We review these metrics according to the dimensions to which they correspond. A brief overview of approaches to comprehensive evaluation using collections of recommendation system dimensions and associated metrics is presented. We also provide suggestions for key future research and practice directions. Iman Avazpour Faculty of ICT, Centre for Computing and Engineering Software and Systems (SUCCESS), Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia e-mail: iavazpour@swin.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "097cab15476b850df18e625530c25821",
"text": "The Internet of Things (IoT) has been growing in recent years with the improvements in several different applications in the military, marine, intelligent transportation, smart health, smart grid, smart home and smart city domains. Although IoT brings significant advantages over traditional information and communication (ICT) technologies for Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS), these applications are still very rare. Although there is a continuous improvement in road and vehicle safety, as well as improvements in IoT, the road traffic accidents have been increasing over the last decades. Therefore, it is necessary to find an effective way to reduce the frequency and severity of traffic accidents. Hence, this paper presents an intelligent traffic accident detection system in which vehicles exchange their microscopic vehicle variables with each other. The proposed system uses simulated data collected from vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANETs) based on the speeds and coordinates of the vehicles and then, it sends traffic alerts to the drivers. Furthermore, it shows how machine learning methods can be exploited to detect accidents on freeways in ITS. It is shown that if position and velocity values of every vehicle are given, vehicles' behavior could be analyzed and accidents can be detected easily. Supervised machine learning algorithms such as Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), Support Vector Machine (SVM), and Random Forests (RF) are implemented on traffic data to develop a model to distinguish accident cases from normal cases. The performance of RF algorithm, in terms of its accuracy, was found superior to ANN and SVM algorithms. RF algorithm has showed better performance with 91.56% accuracy than SVM with 88.71% and ANN with 90.02% accuracy.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "a19f4e5f36b04fed7937be1c90ce3581",
"text": "This paper describes a map-matching algorithm designed to support the navigational functions of a real-time vehicle performance and emissions monitoring system currently under development, and other transport telematics applications. The algorithm is used together with the outputs of an extended Kalman filter formulation for the integration of GPS and dead reckoning data, and a spatial digital database of the road network, to provide continuous, accurate and reliable vehicle location on a given road segment. This is irrespective of the constraints of the operational environment, thus alleviating outage and accuracy problems associated with the use of stand-alone location sensors. The map-matching algorithm has been tested using real field data and has been found to be superior to existing algorithms, particularly in how it performs at road intersections.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "42c0f8504f26d46a4cc92d3c19eb900d",
"text": "Research into suicide prevention has been hampered by methodological limitations such as low sample size and recall bias. Recently, Natural Language Processing (NLP) strategies have been used with Electronic Health Records to increase information extraction from free text notes as well as structured fields concerning suicidality and this allows access to much larger cohorts than previously possible. This paper presents two novel NLP approaches – a rule-based approach to classify the presence of suicide ideation and a hybrid machine learning and rule-based approach to identify suicide attempts in a psychiatric clinical database. Good performance of the two classifiers in the evaluation study suggest they can be used to accurately detect mentions of suicide ideation and attempt within free-text documents in this psychiatric database. The novelty of the two approaches lies in the malleability of each classifier if a need to refine performance, or meet alternate classification requirements arises. The algorithms can also be adapted to fit infrastructures of other clinical datasets given sufficient clinical recording practice knowledge, without dependency on medical codes or additional data extraction of known risk factors to predict suicidal behaviour.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "d8780989fc125b69beb456986819d624",
"text": "The particle swarm optimization algorithm is analyzed using standard results from the dynamic system theory. Graphical parameter selection guidelines are derived. The exploration–exploitation tradeoff is discussed and illustrated. Examples of performance on benchmark functions superior to previously published results are given. 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "eec0aecb9b41fa1b2db390bdab2c4c44",
"text": "Wi-Fi Tracking: Fingerprinting Attacks and CounterMeasures The recent spread of everyday-carried Wi-Fi-enabled devices (smartphones, tablets and wearable devices) comes with a privacy threat to their owner, and to society as a whole. These devices continuously emit signals which can be captured by a passive attacker using cheap hardware and basic knowledge. These signals contain a unique identi er, called the MAC address. To mitigate the threat, device vendors are currently deploying a countermeasure on new devices: MAC address randomization. Unfortunately, we show that this mitigation, in its current state, is insu cient to prevent tracking. To do so, we introduce several attacks, based on the content and the timing of emitted signals. In complement, we study implementations of MAC address randomization in some recent devices, and nd a number of shortcomings limiting the e ciency of these implementations at preventing device tracking. At the same time, we perform two real-world studies. The rst one considers the development of actors exploiting this issue to install Wi-Fi tracking systems. We list some real-world installations and discuss their various aspects, including regulation, privacy implications, consent and public acceptance. The second one deals with the spread of MAC address randomization in the devices population. Finally, we present two tools: an experimental Wi-Fi tracking system for testing and public awareness raising purpose, and a tool estimating the uniqueness of a device based on the content of its emitted signals even if the identi er is randomized.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "0d509af77c0bb093d534cd95102b8941",
"text": "A compelling body of evidence indicates that observing a task-irrelevant action makes the execution of that action more likely. However, it remains unclear whether this 'automatic imitation' effect is indeed automatic or whether the imitative action is voluntary. The present study tested the automaticity of automatic imitation by asking whether it occurs in a strategic context where it reduces payoffs. Participants were required to play rock-paper-scissors, with the aim of achieving as many wins as possible, while either one or both players were blindfolded. While the frequency of draws in the blind-blind condition was precisely that expected at chance, the frequency of draws in the blind-sighted condition was significantly elevated. Specifically, the execution of either a rock or scissors gesture by the blind player was predictive of an imitative response by the sighted player. That automatic imitation emerges in a context where imitation reduces payoffs accords with its 'automatic' description, and implies that these effects are more akin to involuntary than to voluntary actions. These data represent the first evidence of automatic imitation in a strategic context, and challenge the abstraction from physical aspects of social interaction typical in economic and game theory.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "83ae128f71bb154177881012dfb6a680",
"text": "Cell imbalance in large battery packs degrades their capacity delivery, especially for cells connected in series where the weakest cell dominates their overall capacity. In this article, we present a case study of exploiting system reconfigurations to mitigate the cell imbalance in battery packs. Specifically, instead of using all the cells in a battery pack to support the load, selectively skipping cells to be discharged may actually enhance the pack’s capacity delivery. Based on this observation, we propose CSR, a Cell Skipping-assisted Reconfiguration algorithm that identifies the system configuration with (near)-optimal capacity delivery. We evaluate CSR using large-scale emulation based on empirically collected discharge traces of 40 lithium-ion cells. CSR achieves close-to-optimal capacity delivery when the cell imbalance in the battery pack is low and improves the capacity delivery by about 20% and up to 1x in the case of a high imbalance.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "d0cbdd5230d97d16b9955013699df5aa",
"text": "There has been a great deal of recent interest in statistical models of 2D landmark data for generating compact deformable models of a given object. This paper extends this work to a class of parametrised shapes where there are no landmarks available. A rigorous statistical framework for the eigenshape model is introduced, which is an extension to the conventional Linear Point Distribution Model. One of the problems associated with landmark free methods is that a large degree of variability in any shape descriptor may be due to the choice of parametrisation. An automated training method is described which utilises an iterative feedback method to overcome this problem. The result is an automatically generated compact linear shape model. The model has been successfully applied to a problem of tracking the outline of a walking pedestrian in real time.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "e7d36dc01a3e20c3fb6d2b5245e46705",
"text": "A gender gap in mathematics achievement persists in some nations but not in others. In light of the underrepresentation of women in careers in science, technology, mathematics, and engineering, increasing research attention is being devoted to understanding gender differences in mathematics achievement, attitudes, and affect. The gender stratification hypothesis maintains that such gender differences are closely related to cultural variations in opportunity structures for girls and women. We meta-analyzed 2 major international data sets, the 2003 Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study and the Programme for International Student Assessment, representing 493,495 students 14-16 years of age, to estimate the magnitude of gender differences in mathematics achievement, attitudes, and affect across 69 nations throughout the world. Consistent with the gender similarities hypothesis, all of the mean effect sizes in mathematics achievement were very small (d < 0.15); however, national effect sizes showed considerable variability (ds = -0.42 to 0.40). Despite gender similarities in achievement, boys reported more positive math attitudes and affect (ds = 0.10 to 0.33); national effect sizes ranged from d = -0.61 to 0.89. In contrast to those of previous tests of the gender stratification hypothesis, our results point to specific domains of gender equity responsible for gender gaps in math. Gender equity in school enrollment, women's share of research jobs, and women's parliamentary representation were the most powerful predictors of cross-national variability in gender gaps in math. Results are situated within the context of existing research demonstrating apparently paradoxical effects of societal gender equity and highlight the significance of increasing girls' and women's agency cross-nationally.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "7c7beabf8bcaa2af706b6c1fd92ee8dd",
"text": "In this paper, two main contributions are presented to manage the power flow between a 11 wind turbine and a solar power system. The first one is to use the fuzzy logic controller as an 12 objective to find the maximum power point tracking, applied to a hybrid wind-solar system, at fixed 13 atmospheric conditions. The second one is to response to real-time control system constraints and 14 to improve the generating system performance. For this, a hardware implementation of the 15 proposed algorithm is performed using the Xilinx system generator. The experimental results show 16 that the suggested system presents high accuracy and acceptable execution time performances. The 17 proposed model and its control strategy offer a proper tool for optimizing the hybrid power system 18 performance which we can use in smart house applications. 19",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "12b1f774967739ea12a1ddcfe43f2faf",
"text": "Herbal drug authentication is an important task in traditional medicine; however, it is challenged by the limitations of traditional authentication methods and the lack of trained experts. DNA barcoding is conspicuous in almost all areas of the biological sciences and has already been added to the British pharmacopeia and Chinese pharmacopeia for routine herbal drug authentication. However, DNA barcoding for the Korean pharmacopeia still requires significant improvements. Here, we present a DNA barcode reference library for herbal drugs in the Korean pharmacopeia and developed a species identification engine named KP-IDE to facilitate the adoption of this DNA reference library for the herbal drug authentication. Using taxonomy records, specimen records, sequence records, and reference records, KP-IDE can identify an unknown specimen. Currently, there are 6,777 taxonomy records, 1,054 specimen records, 30,744 sequence records (ITS2 and psbA-trnH) and 285 reference records. Moreover, 27 herbal drug materials were collected from the Seoul Yangnyeongsi herbal medicine market to give an example for real herbal drugs authentications. Our study demonstrates the prospects of the DNA barcode reference library for the Korean pharmacopeia and provides future directions for the use of DNA barcoding for authenticating herbal drugs listed in other modern pharmacopeias.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "2b4b822d722fac299ae7504078d87fd0",
"text": "LETOR is a package of benchmark data sets for research on LEarning TO Rank, which contains standard features, relevance judgments, data partitioning, evaluation tools, and several baselines. Version 1.0 was released in April 2007. Version 2.0 was released in Dec. 2007. Version 3.0 was released in Dec. 2008. This version, 4.0, was released in July 2009. Very different from previous versions (V3.0 is an update based on V2.0 and V2.0 is an update based on V1.0), LETOR4.0 is a totally new release. It uses the Gov2 web page collection (~25M pages) and two query sets from Million Query track of TREC 2007 and TREC 2008. We call the two query sets MQ2007 and MQ2008 for short. There are about 1700 queries in MQ2007 with labeled documents and about 800 queries in MQ2008 with labeled documents. If you have any questions or suggestions about the datasets, please kindly email us (letor@microsoft.com). Our goal is to make the dataset reliable and useful for the community.",
"title": ""
}
] | scidocsrr |
1842d15bfd1eb13834bff3680a5da929 | Learning, memory, and synesthesia. | [
{
"docid": "03277ef81159827a097c73cd24f8b5c0",
"text": "It is generally accepted that there is something special about reasoning by using mental images. The question of how it is special, however, has never been satisfactorily spelled out, despite more than thirty years of research in the post-behaviorist tradition. This article considers some of the general motivation for the assumption that entertaining mental images involves inspecting a picture-like object. It sets out a distinction between phenomena attributable to the nature of mind to what is called the cognitive architecture, and ones that are attributable to tacit knowledge used to simulate what would happen in a visual situation. With this distinction in mind, the paper then considers in detail the widely held assumption that in some important sense images are spatially displayed or are depictive, and that examining images uses the same mechanisms that are deployed in visual perception. I argue that the assumption of the spatial or depictive nature of images is only explanatory if taken literally, as a claim about how images are physically instantiated in the brain, and that the literal view fails for a number of empirical reasons--for example, because of the cognitive penetrability of the phenomena cited in its favor. Similarly, while it is arguably the case that imagery and vision involve some of the same mechanisms, this tells us very little about the nature of mental imagery and does not support claims about the pictorial nature of mental images. Finally, I consider whether recent neuroscience evidence clarifies the debate over the nature of mental images. I claim that when such questions as whether images are depictive or spatial are formulated more clearly, the evidence does not provide support for the picture-theory over a symbol-structure theory of mental imagery. Even if all the empirical claims were true, they do not warrant the conclusion that many people have drawn from them: that mental images are depictive or are displayed in some (possibly cortical) space. Such a conclusion is incompatible with what is known about how images function in thought. We are then left with the provisional counterintuitive conclusion that the available evidence does not support rejection of what I call the \"null hypothesis\"; namely, that reasoning with mental images involves the same form of representation and the same processes as that of reasoning in general, except that the content or subject matter of thoughts experienced as images includes information about how things would look.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "8422d4f3f1b18a4bcee29342ce0bf0e3",
"text": "Synesthesia is an unusual condition in which stimulation of one modality evokes sensation or experience in another modality. Although discussed in the literature well over a century ago, synesthesia slipped out of the scientific spotlight for decades because of the difficulty in verifying and quantifying private perceptual experiences. In recent years, the study of synesthesia has enjoyed a renaissance due to the introduction of tests that demonstrate the reality of the condition, its automatic and involuntary nature, and its measurable perceptual consequences. However, while several research groups now study synesthesia, there is no single protocol for comparing, contrasting and pooling synesthetic subjects across these groups. There is no standard battery of tests, no quantifiable scoring system, and no standard phrasing of questions. Additionally, the tests that exist offer no means for data comparison. To remedy this deficit we have devised the Synesthesia Battery. This unified collection of tests is freely accessible online (http://www.synesthete.org). It consists of a questionnaire and several online software programs, and test results are immediately available for use by synesthetes and invited researchers. Performance on the tests is quantified with a standard scoring system. We introduce several novel tests here, and offer the software for running the tests. By presenting standardized procedures for testing and comparing subjects, this endeavor hopes to speed scientific progress in synesthesia research.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "1e1cb143f26f43f6d44994459ec46eb6",
"text": "Examination of motivational dynamics in academic contexts within self-determination theory has centered primarily around both the motives (initially intrinsic vs. extrinsic, later autonomous vs. controlled) that regulate learners’study behavior and the contexts that promote or hinder these regulations. Less attention has been paid to the goal contents (intrinsic vs. extrinsic) that learners hold and to the different goal contents that are communicated in schools to increase the perceived relevance of the learning. Recent field experiments are reviewed showing that intrinsic goal framing (relative to extrinsic goal framing and no-goal framing) produces deeper engagement in learning activities, better conceptual learning, and higher persistence at learning activities. These effects occur for both intrinsically and extrinsically oriented individuals. Results are discussed in terms of self-determination theory’s concept of basic psychological needs for autonomy, competence, and relatedness.",
"title": ""
}
] | [
{
"docid": "7278df43944050e85a7917c26b0fac56",
"text": "─ A novel broadband 3-dB directional coupler design method utilizing HFSS and realization are given in this paper. It is realized in stripline, showing great agreement with the simulation and design format. The unique property of this design method is that it unnecessitates both a feedback from the realization for broadbanding and an additional smoothing of transition between coupled sections of the whole directional coupler. There is also no need for either a specialised CAD tool or a computer program. Key-words:digital frequency discriminator, HFSS, APLAC, broadside coupling",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "1544bcda2c29bb4e2fc21357d73856a8",
"text": "The ability to give precise and fast prediction for the price movement of stocks is the key to profitability in High Frequency Trading. The main objective of this paper is to propose a novel way of modeling the high frequency trading problem using Deep Neural Networks at its heart and to argue why Deep Learning methods can have a lot of potential in the field of High Frequency Trading. The paper goes on to analyze the model’s performance based on it’s prediction accuracy as well as prediction speed across full-day trading simulations.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "5dac4a5d6adcb75742344268bb717e11",
"text": "System logs are widely used in various tasks of software system management. It is crucial to avoid logging too little or too much. To achieve so, developers need to make informed decisions on where to log and what to log in their logging practices during development. However, there exists no work on studying such logging practices in industry or helping developers make informed decisions. To fill this significant gap, in this paper, we systematically study the logging practices of developers in industry, with focus on where developers log. We obtain six valuable findings by conducting source code analysis on two large industrial systems (2.5M and 10.4M LOC, respectively) at Microsoft. We further validate these findings via a questionnaire survey with 54 experienced developers in Microsoft. In addition, our study demonstrates the high accuracy of up to 90% F-Score in predicting where to log.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "4d2460ea467745a6e93af8f448a64b68",
"text": "In this paper, we propose the use of a novel fixed-wing vertical take-off and landing (VTOL) aerobot. A mission profile to investigate the Isidis Planitia region of Mars is proposed based on the knowledge of the planet's geophysical characteristics, its atmosphere and terrain. The aerobot design is described from the aspects of vehicle selection, its propulsion system, power system, payload, thermal management, structure, mass budget, and control strategy and sensor suite. The aerobot proposed in this paper is believed to be a practical and realistic solution to the problem of investigating the Martian surface. A six-degree-of-freedom flight simulator has been created to support the aerobot design process by providing performance evaluations. The nonlinear dynamics is then linearized to a state-space formulation at a certain trimmed equilibrium point. Basic autopilot modes are developed for the aerobot based on the linearized state-space model. The results of the simulation show the aerobot is stable and controllable.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "007c0b3a0ca691ceef937c23d34ce5c2",
"text": "With the increasing complexity of modern Systems-on-Chip, the possibility of functional errors escaping design verification is growing. Post-silicon validation targets the discovery of these errors in early hardware prototypes. Due to limited visibility and observability, dedicated design-for-debug (DFD) hardware such as trace buffers are inserted to aid post-silicon validation. In spite of its benefit, such hardware incurs area overheads, which impose size limitations. However, the overhead could be overcome if the area dedicated to DFD could be reused in-field. In this work, we present a novel method for reusing an existing trace buffer as a victim cache of a processor to enhance performance. The trace buffer storage space is reused for the victim cache, with a small additional controller logic. Experimental results on several benchmarks and trace buffer sizes show that the proposed approach can enhance the average performance by up to 8.3% over a baseline architecture. We also propose a strategy for dynamic power management of the structure, to enable saving energy with negligible impact on performance.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "d2146f1821812ca65cfd56f557252200",
"text": "This paper presents an automatic annotation tool AATOS for providing documents with semantic annotations. The tool links entities found from the texts to ontologies defined by the user. The application is highly configurable and can be used with different natural language Finnish texts. The application was developed as a part of the WarSampo and Semantic Finlex projects and tested using Kansa Taisteli magazine articles and consolidated Finnish legislation of Semantic Finlex. The quality of the automatic annotation was evaluated by measuring precision and recall against existing manual annotations. The results showed that the quality of the input text, as well as the selection and configuration of the ontologies impacted the results.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "6729cd1a3627510cc03b8e3e475a017e",
"text": "In this paper we consider the mobile robot parking problem, i.e., the stabilization of a wheeled vehicle to a given position and orientation, using only visual feedback from low-cost cameras. We take into account the practically most relevant problem of keeping the tracked features in sight of the camera while maneuvering to park the vehicle. This constraint, often neglected in the literature, combines with the non-holonomic nature of the vehicle kinematics in a challenging controller design problem. We provide an effective solution to such a problem by using a combination of previous results on non-smooth control synthesis and recently developed hybrid control techniques. Simulations and experimental results on a laboratory vehicle are reported, showing the practicality of the proposed approach. KEY WORDS—parking of wheeled robots, visual servoing, hybrid control, non-holonomic systems",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "9bafd07082066235a6b99f00e360b0d2",
"text": "Mobile devices have become a significant part of people’s lives, leading to an increasing number of users involved with such technology. The rising number of users invites hackers to generate malicious applications. Besides, the security of sensitive data available on mobile devices is taken lightly. Relying on currently developed approaches is not sufficient, given that intelligent malware keeps modifying rapidly and as a result becomes more difficult to detect. In this paper, we propose an alternative solution to evaluating malware detection using the anomaly-based approach with machine learning classifiers. Among the various network traffic features, the four categories selected are basic information, content based, time based and connection based. The evaluation utilizes two datasets: public (i.e. MalGenome) and private (i.e. self-collected). Based on the evaluation results, both the Bayes network and random forest classifiers produced more accurate readings, with a 99.97 % true-positive rate (TPR) as opposed to the multi-layer perceptron with only 93.03 % on the MalGenome dataset. However, this experiment revealed that the k-nearest neighbor classifier efficiently detected the latest Android malware with an 84.57 % truepositive rate higher than other classifiers. Communicated by V. Loia. F. A. Narudin · A. Gani Mobile Cloud Computing (MCC), University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia A. Feizollah (B) · N. B. Anuar Security Research Group (SECReg), Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia e-mail: ali.feizollah@siswa.um.edu.my",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "4a989671768dee7428612adfc6c3f8cc",
"text": "We developed computational models to predict the emergence of depression and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in Twitter users. Twitter data and details of depression history were collected from 204 individuals (105 depressed, 99 healthy). We extracted predictive features measuring affect, linguistic style, and context from participant tweets (N = 279,951) and built models using these features with supervised learning algorithms. Resulting models successfully discriminated between depressed and healthy content, and compared favorably to general practitioners’ average success rates in diagnosing depression, albeit in a separate population. Results held even when the analysis was restricted to content posted before first depression diagnosis. State-space temporal analysis suggests that onset of depression may be detectable from Twitter data several months prior to diagnosis. Predictive results were replicated with a separate sample of individuals diagnosed with PTSD (Nusers = 174, Ntweets = 243,775). A state-space time series model revealed indicators of PTSD almost immediately post-trauma, often many months prior to clinical diagnosis. These methods suggest a data-driven, predictive approach for early screening and detection of mental illness.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "c58fc1a572d5120e14eb6e501a50b8aa",
"text": "475 Abstract— In this paper a dc-dc buck-boost converter is modeled and controlled using sliding mode technique. First the buck-boost converter is modeled and dynamic equations describing the converter are derived and sliding mode controller is designed. The robustness of the converter system is tested against step load changes and input voltage variations. Matlab/Simulink is used for the simulations. The simulation results are presented..",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "b5f0c24ad49a8e4b6b0e4640c57367eb",
"text": "Vehicle detection is important for advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS). Both LiDAR and cameras are often used. LiDAR provides excellent range information but with limits to object identification; on the other hand, the camera allows for better recognition but with limits to the high resolution range information. This paper presents a sensor fusion based vehicle detection approach by fusing information from both LiDAR and cameras. The proposed approach is based on two components: a hypothesis generation phase to generate positions that potential represent vehicles and a hypothesis verification phase to classify the corresponding objects. Hypothesis generation is achieved using the stereo camera while verification is achieved using the LiDAR. The main contribution is that the complementary advantages of two sensors are utilized, with the goal of vehicle detection. The proposed approach leads to an enhanced detection performance; in addition, maintains tolerable false alarm rates compared to vision based classifiers. Experimental results suggest a performance which is broadly comparable to the current state of the art, albeit with reduced false alarm rate.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "04647771810ac62b27ee8da12833a02d",
"text": "Multi-task learning is a learning paradigm which seeks to improve the generalization performance of a learning task with the help of some other related tasks. In this paper, we propose a regularization formulation for learning the relationships between tasks in multi-task learning. This formulation can be viewed as a novel generalization of the regularization framework for single-task learning. Besides modeling positive task correlation, our method, called multi-task relationship learning (MTRL), can also describe negative task correlation and identify outlier tasks based on the same underlying principle. Under this regularization framework, the objective function of MTRL is convex. For efficiency, we use an alternating method to learn the optimal model parameters for each task as well as the relationships between tasks. We study MTRL in the symmetric multi-task learning setting and then generalize it to the asymmetric setting as well. We also study the relationships between MTRL and some existing multi-task learning methods. Experiments conducted on a toy problem as well as several benchmark data sets demonstrate the effectiveness of MTRL.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "1f6e92bc8239e358e8278d13ced4a0a9",
"text": "This paper proposes a method for hand pose estimation from RGB images that uses both external large-scale depth image datasets and paired depth and RGB images as privileged information at training time. We show that providing depth information during training significantly improves performance of pose estimation from RGB images during testing. We explore different ways of using this privileged information: (1) using depth data to initially train a depth-based network, (2) using the features from the depthbased network of the paired depth images to constrain midlevel RGB network weights, and (3) using the foreground mask, obtained from the depth data, to suppress the responses from the background area. By using paired RGB and depth images, we are able to supervise the RGB-based network to learn middle layer features that mimic that of the corresponding depth-based network, which is trained on large-scale, accurately annotated depth data. During testing, when only an RGB image is available, our method produces accurate 3D hand pose predictions. Our method is also tested on 2D hand pose estimation. Experiments on three public datasets show that the method outperforms the state-of-the-art methods for hand pose estimation using RGB image input.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "1180eda496b8b3f7f41de6ce79b0b9b1",
"text": "Biomaterial development is currently the most active research area in the field of biomedical engineering. The bioglasses possess immense potential for being the ideal biomaterials due to their high adaptiveness to the biological environment as well as tunable properties. Bioglasses like 45S5 has shown great clinical success over the past 10 years. The bioglasses like 45S5 were prepared using melt-quenching techniques but recently porous bioactive glasses have been derived through sol-gel process. The synthesis route exhibits marked effect on the specific surface area, as well as degradability of the material. This article is an attempt to provide state of the art of the sol-gel and melt quenched bioactive bioglasses for tissue regeneration. Fabrication routes for bioglasses suitable for bone tissue engineering are highlighted and the effect of these fabrication techniques on the porosity, pore-volume, mechanical properties, cytocompatibilty and especially apatite layer formation on the surface of bioglasses is analyzed in detail. Drug delivery capability of bioglasses is addressed shortly along with the bioactivity of mesoporous glasses. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 104B: 1248-1275, 2016.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "e44f67fec39390f215b5267c892d1a26",
"text": "Primary progressive aphasia (PPA) may be the onset of several neurodegenerative diseases. This study evaluates a cohort of patients with PPA to assess their progression to different clinical syndromes, associated factors that modulate this progression, and patterns of cerebral metabolism linked to different clinical evolutionary forms. Thirty-five patients meeting PPA criteria underwent a clinical and neuroimaging 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose PET evaluation. Survival analysis was performed using time from clinical onset to the development of a non-language symptom or deficit (PPA-plus). Cerebral metabolism was analyzed using Statistical Parametric Mapping. Patients classified into three PPA variants evolved to atypical parkinsonism, behavioral disorder and motor neuron disease in the agrammatic variant; to behavioral disorder in the semantic; and to memory impairment in the logopenic. Median time from the onset of symptoms to PPA-plus was 36 months (31–40, 95 % confidence interval). Right laterality, and years of education were associated to a lower risk of progression, while logopenic variant to a higher risk. Different regions of hypometabolism were identified in agrammatic PPA with parkinsonism, motor neuron disease and logopenic PPA-plus. Clinical course of PPA differs according to each variant. Left anterior temporal and frontal medial hypometabolism in agrammatic variant is linked to motor neuron disease and atypical parkinsonism, respectively. PPA variant, laterality and education may be associated to the risk of progression. These results suggest the possibility that clinical and imaging data could help to predict the clinical course of PPA.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "9e865969535469357f2600985750d78e",
"text": "Patients with pathological laughter and crying (PLC) are subject to relatively uncontrollable episodes of laughter, crying or both. The episodes occur either without an apparent triggering stimulus or following a stimulus that would not have led the subject to laugh or cry prior to the onset of the condition. PLC is a disorder of emotional expression rather than a primary disturbance of feelings, and is thus distinct from mood disorders in which laughter and crying are associated with feelings of happiness or sadness. The traditional and currently accepted view is that PLC is due to the damage of pathways that arise in the motor areas of the cerebral cortex and descend to the brainstem to inhibit a putative centre for laughter and crying. In that view, the lesions 'disinhibit' or 'release' the laughter and crying centre. The neuroanatomical findings in a recently studied patient with PLC, along with new knowledge on the neurobiology of emotion and feeling, gave us an opportunity to revisit the traditional view and propose an alternative. Here we suggest that the critical PLC lesions occur in the cerebro-ponto-cerebellar pathways and that, as a consequence, the cerebellar structures that automatically adjust the execution of laughter or crying to the cognitive and situational context of a potential stimulus, operate on the basis of incomplete information about that context, resulting in inadequate and even chaotic behaviour.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "2364fc795ff8e449a557eda4b498b42d",
"text": "With the increasing utilization and popularity of the cloud infrastructure, more and more data are moved to the cloud storage systems. This makes the availability of cloud storage services critically important, particularly given the fact that outages of cloud storage services have indeed happened from time to time. Thus, solely depending on a single cloud storage provider for storage services can risk violating the service-level agreement (SLA) due to the weakening of service availability. This has led to the notion of Cloud-of-Clouds, where data redundancy is introduced to distribute data among multiple independent cloud storage providers, to address the problem. The key in the effectiveness of the Cloud-of-Clouds approaches lies in how the data redundancy is incorporated and distributed among the clouds. However, the existing Cloud-of-Clouds approaches utilize either replication or erasure codes to redundantly distribute data across multiple clouds, thus incurring either high space or high performance overheads. In this paper, we propose a hybrid redundant data distribution approach, called HyRD, to improve the cloud storage availability in Cloud-of-Clouds by exploiting the workload characteristics and the diversity of cloud providers. In HyRD, large files are distributed in multiple cost-efficient cloud storage providers with erasure-coded data redundancy while small files and file system metadata are replicated on multiple high-performance cloud storage providers. The experiments conducted on our lightweight prototype implementation of HyRD show that HyRD improves the cost efficiency by 33.4 and 20.4 percent, and reduces the access latency by 58.7 and 34.8 percent than the DuraCloud and RACS schemes, respectively.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "1c005124e2014b1d2eaaa178eda3e4d0",
"text": "BACKGROUND\nThere is increasing awareness that meta-analyses require a sufficiently large information size to detect or reject an anticipated intervention effect. The required information size in a meta-analysis may be calculated from an anticipated a priori intervention effect or from an intervention effect suggested by trials with low-risk of bias.\n\n\nMETHODS\nInformation size calculations need to consider the total model variance in a meta-analysis to control type I and type II errors. Here, we derive an adjusting factor for the required information size under any random-effects model meta-analysis.\n\n\nRESULTS\nWe devise a measure of diversity (D2) in a meta-analysis, which is the relative variance reduction when the meta-analysis model is changed from a random-effects into a fixed-effect model. D2 is the percentage that the between-trial variability constitutes of the sum of the between-trial variability and a sampling error estimate considering the required information size. D2 is different from the intuitively obvious adjusting factor based on the common quantification of heterogeneity, the inconsistency (I2), which may underestimate the required information size. Thus, D2 and I2 are compared and interpreted using several simulations and clinical examples. In addition we show mathematically that diversity is equal to or greater than inconsistency, that is D2 >or= I2, for all meta-analyses.\n\n\nCONCLUSION\nWe conclude that D2 seems a better alternative than I2 to consider model variation in any random-effects meta-analysis despite the choice of the between trial variance estimator that constitutes the model. Furthermore, D2 can readily adjust the required information size in any random-effects model meta-analysis.",
"title": ""
}
] | scidocsrr |
b9b1c839c4d62acd8950d1a9b58e9744 | Graph Visualization and Navigation in Information Visualization: A Survey | [
{
"docid": "1649b2776fcc2b8a736306128f8a2331",
"text": "The paradigm of simulated annealing is applied to the problem of drawing graphs “nicely.” Our algorithm deals with general undirected graphs with straight-line edges, and employs several simple criteria for the aesthetic quality of the result. The algorithm is flexible, in that the relative weights of the criteria can be changed. For graphs of modest size it produces good results, competitive with those produced by other methods, notably, the “spring method” and its variants.",
"title": ""
}
] | [
{
"docid": "327042fae16e69b15a4e8ea857ccdb18",
"text": "Do countries with lower policy-induced barriers to international trade grow faster, once other relevant country characteristics are controlled for? There exists a large empirical literature providing an affirmative answer to this question. We argue that methodological problems with the empirical strategies employed in this literature leave the results open to diverse interpretations. In many cases, the indicators of \"openness\" used by researchers are poor measures of trade barriers or are highly correlated with other sources of bad economic performance. In other cases, the methods used to ascertain the link between trade policy and growth have serious shortcomings. Papers that we review include Dollar (1992), Ben-David (1993), Sachs and Warner (1995), and Edwards (1998). We find little evidence that open trade policies--in the sense of lower tariff and non-tariff barriers to trade--are significantly associated with economic growth. Francisco Rodríguez Dani R odrik Department of Economics John F. Kennedy School of Government University of Maryland Harvard University College Park, MD 20742 79 Kennedy Street Cambridge, MA 02138 Phone: (301) 405-3480 Phone: (617) 495-9454 Fax: (301) 405-3542 Fax: (617) 496-5747 TRADE POLICY AND ECONOMIC GROWTH: A SKEPTIC'S GUIDE TO THE CROSS-NATIONAL EVIDENCE \"It isn't what we don't know that kills us. It's what we know that ain't so.\" -Mark Twain",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "39debcb0aa41eec73ff63a4e774f36fd",
"text": "Automatically segmenting unstructured text strings into structured records is necessary for importing the information contained in legacy sources and text collections into a data warehouse for subsequent querying, analysis, mining and integration. In this paper, we mine tables present in data warehouses and relational databases to develop an automatic segmentation system. Thus, we overcome limitations of existing supervised text segmentation approaches, which require comprehensive manually labeled training data. Our segmentation system is robust, accurate, and efficient, and requires no additional manual effort. Thorough evaluation on real datasets demonstrates the robustness and accuracy of our system, with segmentation accuracy exceeding state of the art supervised approaches.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "73a556ff210ad26742e05f7fb91c2dab",
"text": "Supervised learning, more specifically Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN), has surpassed human ability in some visual recognition tasks such as detection of traffic signs, faces and handwritten numbers. On the other hand, even stateof-the-art reinforcement learning (RL) methods have difficulties in environments with sparse and binary rewards. They requires manually shaping reward functions, which might be challenging to come up with. These tasks, however, are trivial to human. One of the reasons that human are better learners in these tasks is that we are embedded with much prior knowledge of the world. These knowledge might be either embedded in our genes or learned from imitation a type of supervised learning. For that reason, the best way to narrow the gap between machine and human learning ability should be to mimic how we learn so well in various tasks by a combination of RL and supervised learning. Our method, which integrates Deep Deterministic Policy Gradients and Hindsight Experience Replay (RL method specifically dealing with sparse rewards) with an experience ranking CNN, provides a significant speedup over the learning curve on simulated robotics tasks. Experience ranking allows high-reward transitions to be replayed more frequently, and therefore help learn more efficiently. Our proposed approach can also speed up learning in any other tasks that provide additional information for experience ranking.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "8621332351bd2af6148a891d183f3eae",
"text": "Recent researches on neural network have shown signicant advantage in machine learning over traditional algorithms based on handcraed features and models. Neural network is now widely adopted in regions like image, speech and video recognition. But the high computation and storage complexity of neural network inference poses great diculty on its application. CPU platforms are hard to oer enough computation capacity. GPU platforms are the rst choice for neural network process because of its high computation capacity and easy to use development frameworks. On the other hand, FPGA-based neural network inference accelerator is becoming a research topic. With specically designed hardware, FPGA is the next possible solution to surpass GPU in speed and energy eciency. Various FPGA-based accelerator designs have been proposed with soware and hardware optimization techniques to achieve high speed and energy eciency. In this paper, we give an overview of previous work on neural network inference accelerators based on FPGA and summarize the main techniques used. An investigation from soware to hardware, from circuit level to system level is carried out to complete analysis of FPGA-based neural network inference accelerator design and serves as a guide to future work.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "e64271530ae4314745f1bb54237d79ca",
"text": "The concept of ecosystem emanates from ecology and subsequently has been broadly used in business studies to describe and investigate complex interrelationships between companies and other organizations. Concepts that are transferred from other disciplines (and used both in research and in practice) can, however, be ambiguous and problematic. For example, the use of the ecosystem concept has been questioned in the literature. To better understand the potential ambiguities between the business ecosystem concept and other related concepts, this study presents a conceptual analysis of business ecosystem. We continue by analytically comparing business ecosystem with other concepts used to describe business relationships, namely industry, population, cluster, and inter-organizational network. The results indicate a need for conceptual clarity when describing business networks. We conclude with a synthesis and discuss under what circumstances using the business ecosystem concept may add value for research and practice. The paper contributes to the business ecosystem literature by positioning the business ecosystem concept in relation to other closely related concepts",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "49fbe9ddc3087c26ecc373c6731fca77",
"text": "Alarm correlation plays an important role in improving the service and reliability in modern telecommunication networks. Most previous research of alarm correlation didnt consider the effects of noise data in the database. This paper focuses on the method of discovering alarm correlation rules from the database containing noise data. We firstly define two parameters Win_freq and Win_add as the measures of noise data and then present the Robust_search algorithm to solve the problem. At different size of Win_freq and Win_add, the experiments on alarm database containing noise data show that the Robust_search Algorithm can discover more rules with the bigger size of Win_add. We also compare two different interestingness measures of confidence and correlation by experiments.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "086f5e6dd7889d8dcdaddec5852afbdb",
"text": "Fast advances in the wireless technology and the intensive penetration of cell phones have motivated banks to spend large budget on building mobile banking systems, but the adoption rate of mobile banking is still underused than expected. Therefore, research to enrich current knowledge about what affects individuals to use mobile banking is required. Consequently, this study employs the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) to investigate what impacts people to adopt mobile banking. Through sampling 441 respondents, this study empirically concluded that individual intention to adopt mobile banking was significantly influenced by social influence, perceived financial cost, performance expectancy, and perceived credibility, in their order of influencing strength. The behavior was considerably affected by individual intention and facilitating conditions. As for moderating effects of gender and age, this study discovered that gender significantly moderated the effects of performance expectancy and perceived financial cost on behavioral intention, and the age considerably moderated the effects of facilitating conditions and perceived self-efficacy on actual adoption behavior.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "c599ee48bd5696f0ea4595be4f2725f3",
"text": "Ultrasound has been recently proposed as an alternative modality for efficient wireless power transmission (WPT) to biomedical implants with millimeter (mm) dimensions. This paper presents the theory and design methodology of ultrasonic WPT links that involve mm-sized receivers (Rx). For given load <inline-formula><tex-math notation=\"LaTeX\">$(R_{L})$</tex-math></inline-formula> and powering distance <inline-formula><tex-math notation=\"LaTeX\">$(d)$</tex-math></inline-formula>, the optimal geometries of transmitter (Tx) and Rx ultrasonic transducers, including their diameter and thickness, as well as the optimal operation frequency <inline-formula><tex-math notation=\"LaTeX\">$(f_{c})$</tex-math></inline-formula> are found through a recursive design procedure to maximize the power transmission efficiency (PTE). First, a range of realistic <inline-formula><tex-math notation=\"LaTeX\">$f_{c}$</tex-math></inline-formula>s is found based on the Rx thickness constrain. For a chosen <inline-formula><tex-math notation=\"LaTeX\">$f_{c}$</tex-math></inline-formula> within the range, the diameter and thickness of the Rx transducer are then swept together to maximize PTE. Then, the diameter and thickness of the Tx transducer are optimized to maximize PTE. Finally, this procedure is repeated for different <inline-formula><tex-math notation=\"LaTeX\">$f_{c}$</tex-math></inline-formula>s to find the optimal <inline-formula><tex-math notation=\"LaTeX\">$f_{c}$</tex-math></inline-formula> and its corresponding transducer geometries that maximize PTE. A design example of ultrasonic link has been presented and optimized for WPT to a 1 mm<sup>3</sup> implant, including a disk-shaped piezoelectric transducer on a silicon die. In simulations, a PTE of 2.11% at <inline-formula><tex-math notation=\"LaTeX\">$f_{c}$</tex-math></inline-formula> of 1.8 MHz was achieved for <inline-formula><tex-math notation=\"LaTeX\">$R_{L}$</tex-math></inline-formula> of 2.5 <inline-formula><tex-math notation=\"LaTeX\">$\\text{k}\\Omega$</tex-math></inline-formula> at <inline-formula><tex-math notation=\"LaTeX\">$d = 3\\ \\text{cm}$</tex-math></inline-formula>. In order to validate our simulations, an ultrasonic link was optimized for a 1 mm<sup>3</sup> piezoelectric transducer mounted on a printed circuit board (PCB), which led to simulated and measured PTEs of 0.65% and 0.66% at <inline-formula><tex-math notation=\"LaTeX\">$f_{c}$</tex-math></inline-formula> of 1.1 MHz for <inline-formula><tex-math notation=\"LaTeX\">$R_{L}$</tex-math></inline-formula> of 2.5 <inline-formula><tex-math notation=\"LaTeX\">$\\text{k}\\Omega$</tex-math></inline-formula> at <inline-formula><tex-math notation=\"LaTeX\">$d = 3\\ \\text{cm}$</tex-math></inline-formula>, respectively.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "7a56a39d50eb8ad9752ec01bb6f24f76",
"text": "We study bandlimited signals with fractional Fourier transform (FRFT). We show that if a nonzero signal f is bandlimited with FRFT F/sub /spl alpha// for a certain real /spl alpha/, then it is not bandlimited with FRFT F/sub /spl beta// for any /spl beta/ with /spl beta//spl ne//spl plusmn//spl alpha/+n/spl pi/ for any integer n. This is a generalization of the fact that a nonzero signal can not be both timelimited and bandlimited. We also provide sampling theorems for bandlimited signals with FRFT that are similar to the Shannon sampling theorem.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "589dd2ca6e12841f3dd4a6873e2ea564",
"text": "As many automated test input generation tools for Android need to instrument the system or the app, they cannot be used in some scenarios such as compatibility testing and malware analysis. We introduce DroidBot, a lightweight UI-guided test input generator, which is able to interact with an Android app on almost any device without instrumentation. The key technique behind DroidBot is that it can generate UI-guided test inputs based on a state transition model generated on-the-fly, and allow users to integrate their own strategies or algorithms. DroidBot is lightweight as it does not require app instrumentation, thus users do not need to worry about the inconsistency between the tested version and the original version. It is compatible with most Android apps, and able to run on almost all Android-based systems, including customized sandboxes and commodity devices. Droidbot is released as an open-source tool on GitHub, and the demo video can be found at https://youtu.be/3-aHG_SazMY.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "3c89e7c5fdd2269ffb17adcaec237d6c",
"text": "Numerical simulation of quantum systems is crucial to further our understanding of natural phenomena. Many systems of key interest and importance, in areas such as superconducting materials and quantum chemistry, are thought to be described by models which we cannot solve with sufficient accuracy, neither analytically nor numerically with classical computers. Using a quantum computer to simulate such quantum systems has been viewed as a key application of quantum computation from the very beginning of the field in the 1980s. Moreover, useful results beyond the reach of classical computation are expected to be accessible with fewer than a hundred qubits, making quantum simulation potentially one of the earliest practical applications of quantum computers. In this paper we survey the theoretical and experimental development of quantum simulation using quantum computers, from the first ideas to the intense research efforts currently underway.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "8d83568ca0c89b1a6e344341bb92c2d0",
"text": "Many underlying relationships among data in several areas of science and engineering, e.g., computer vision, molecular chemistry, molecular biology, pattern recognition, and data mining, can be represented in terms of graphs. In this paper, we propose a new neural network model, called graph neural network (GNN) model, that extends existing neural network methods for processing the data represented in graph domains. This GNN model, which can directly process most of the practically useful types of graphs, e.g., acyclic, cyclic, directed, and undirected, implements a function tau(G,n) isin IRm that maps a graph G and one of its nodes n into an m-dimensional Euclidean space. A supervised learning algorithm is derived to estimate the parameters of the proposed GNN model. The computational cost of the proposed algorithm is also considered. Some experimental results are shown to validate the proposed learning algorithm, and to demonstrate its generalization capabilities.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "34fc01272f6f41432c1bb3503a716e15",
"text": "Multi-agent systems are rapidly finding applications in a variety of domains, including robotics, distributed control, telecommunications, economics. Many tasks arising in these domains require that the agents learn behaviors online. A significant part of the research on multi-agent learning concerns reinforcement learning techniques. However, due to different viewpoints on central issues, such as the formal statement of the learning goal, a large number of different methods and approaches have been introduced. In this paper we aim to present an integrated survey of the field. First, the issue of the multi-agent learning goal is discussed, after which a representative selection of algorithms is reviewed. Finally, open issues are identified and future research directions are outlined",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "b45a6b66cff9a10f0479e58d9d02aae8",
"text": "Chess programs ha ve three major components: mo ve generation, search, and evaluation. All components are important, although e valuation with its quiescence analysis is the part which mak es each program’ s play unique. The speed of a chess program is a function of its mo ve generation cost, the comple xity of the position under study and the bre vity of its evaluation. Moreimportant, however, is the quality of the mechanisms used to discontinue (prune) search of unprofitable continuations. The most reliable pruning method in popular use is the rob ust alpha-beta algorithm, and its man y supporting aids. These essential parts of g ame-tree searching and pruning are reviewed here, and the performance of refinements, such as aspiration and principal variation search, and aids lik e transposition and history tables are compared. † Much of this article is a re vision of material condensed from an entry entitled ‘‘ Computer Chess Methods, ’’ p repared for theEncyclopedia of Artificial Intellig ence, S. Shapiro (editor), to be published by John W iley & Sons in 1987.The transposition table pseudo code of Figure 7 is similar to that in another paper: ‘ ‘Pa allel Search of Strongly Ordered Game T rees, ’’ T. A. Marsland and M. Campbell, ACM Computing Surveys, Vol 14, No. 4, cop yright 1982, Association for Computing Machinery Inc., and is reprinted by permission. Final draft: ICCA Journal, V ol. 9, No. 1, March 1986, pp. 3-19.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "a85c6e8a666d079c60b9bc31d6d9ae62",
"text": "When pedestrians encounter vehicles, they typically stop and wait for a signal from the driver to either cross or wait. What happens when the car is autonomous and there isn’t a human driver to signal them? This paper seeks to address this issue with an intent communication system (ICS) that acts in place of a human driver. This intent system has been developed to take into account the psychology behind what pedestrians are familiar with and what they expect from machines. The system integrates those expectations into the design of physical systems and mathematical algorithms. The goal of the system is to ensure that communication is simple, yet effective without leaving pedestrians with a sense of distrust in autonomous vehicles. To validate the ICS, two types of experiments have been run: field tests with an autonomous vehicle to determine how humans actually interact with the ICS and simulations to account for multiple potential behaviors.The results from both experiments show that humans react positively and more predictably when the intent of the vehicle is communicated compared to when the intent of the vehicle is unknown. In particular, the results from the simulation specifically showed a 142 percent difference between the pedestrian’s trust in the vehicle’s actions when the ICS is enabled and the pedestrian has prior knowledge of the vehicle than when the ICS is not enabled and the pedestrian having no prior knowledge of the vehicle.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "3fe3d1f8b5e141b9044686491fffe12f",
"text": "Data stream is a potentially massive, continuous, rapid sequence of data information. It has aroused great concern and research upsurge in the field of data mining. Clustering is an effective tool of data mining, so data stream clustering will undoubtedly become the focus of the study in data stream mining. In view of the characteristic of the high dimension, dynamic, real-time, many effective data stream clustering algorithms have been proposed. In addition, data stream information are not deterministic and always exist outliers and contain noises, so developing effective data stream clustering algorithm is crucial. This paper reviews the development and trend of data stream clustering and analyzes typical data stream clustering algorithms proposed in recent years, such as Birch algorithm, Local Search algorithm, Stream algorithm and CluStream algorithm. We also summarize the latest research achievements in this field and introduce some new strategies to deal with outliers and noise data. At last, we put forward the focal points and difficulties of future research for data stream clustering.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "6ec9be993cf6f4ac3e4b0ba4e4f6c313",
"text": "Femoroacetabular impingement is a well-documented cause of hip pain. There is, however, increasing evidence for the presence of a previously unrecognised impingement-type condition around the hip - ischiofemoral impingement. This is caused by abnormal contact between the lesser trochanter of the femur and the ischium, and presents as atypical groin and/or posterior buttock pain. The symptoms are gradual in onset and may be similar to those of iliopsoas tendonitis, hamstring injury or bursitis. The presence of ischiofemoral impingement may be indicated by pain caused by a combination of hip extension, adduction and external rotation. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrates inflammation and oedema in the ischiofemoral space and quadratus femoris, and is distinct from an acute tear. To date this has only appeared in the specialist orthopaedic literature as a problem that has developed after total hip replacement, not in the unreplaced joint.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "5e95aaa54f8acf073ccc11c08c148fe0",
"text": "Billions of dollars of loss are caused every year due to fraudulent credit card transactions. The design of efficient fraud detection algorithms is key for reducing these losses, and more and more algorithms rely on advanced machine learning techniques to assist fraud investigators. The design of fraud detection algorithms is however particularly challenging due to non stationary distribution of the data, highly imbalanced classes distributions and continuous streams of transactions. At the same time public data are scarcely available for confidentiality issues, leaving unanswered many questions about which is the best strategy to deal with them. In this paper we provide some answers from the practitioner’s perspective by focusing on three crucial issues: unbalancedness, non-stationarity and assessment. The analysis is made possible by a real credit card dataset provided by our industrial partner.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "7feda29a5edf6855895f91f80c3286a4",
"text": "The ability to conduct logical reasoning is a fundamental aspect of intelligent behavior, and thus an important problem along the way to human-level artificial intelligence. Traditionally, symbolic logic-based methods from the field of knowledge representation and reasoning have been used to equip agents with capabilities that resemble human logical reasoning qualities. More recently, however, there has been an increasing interest in using machine learning rather than symbolic logic-based formalisms to tackle these tasks. In this paper, we employ state-of-the-art methods for training deep neural networks to devise a novel model that is able to learn how to effectively perform logical reasoning in the form of basic ontology reasoning. This is an important and at the same time very natural logical reasoning task, which is why the presented approach is applicable to a plethora of important real-world problems. We present the outcomes of several experiments, which show that our model learned to perform precise ontology reasoning on diverse and challenging tasks. Furthermore, it turned out that the suggested approach suffers much less from different obstacles that prohibit logic-based symbolic reasoning, and, at the same time, is surprisingly plausible from a biological point of view.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "4d4a90b28d0454f7ceded05d35c1b04e",
"text": "Analysis of satellite images plays an increasingly vital role in environment and climate monitoring, especially in detecting and managing natural disaster. In this paper, we proposed an automatic disaster detection system by implementing one of the advance deep learning techniques, convolutional neural network (CNN), to analysis satellite images. The neural network consists of 3 convolutional layers, followed by max-pooling layers after each convolutional layer, and 2 fully connected layers. We created our own disaster detection training data patches, which is currently focusing on 2 main disasters in Japan and Thailand: landslide and flood. Each disaster's training data set consists of 30000~40000 patches and all patches are trained automatically in CNN to extract region where disaster occurred instantaneously. The results reveal accuracy of 80%~90% for both disaster detection. The results presented here may facilitate improvements in detecting natural disaster efficiently by establishing automatic disaster detection system.",
"title": ""
}
] | scidocsrr |
47052b6522116f9277c62e67fdf9cc95 | The Reversible Residual Network: Backpropagation Without Storing Activations | [
{
"docid": "7ec6540b44b23a0380dcb848239ccac4",
"text": "There is plenty of theoretical and empirical evidence that depth of neural networks is a crucial ingredient for their success. However, network training becomes more difficult with increasing depth and training of very deep networks remains an open problem. In this extended abstract, we introduce a new architecture designed to ease gradient-based training of very deep networks. We refer to networks with this architecture as highway networks, since they allow unimpeded information flow across several layers on information highways. The architecture is characterized by the use of gating units which learn to regulate the flow of information through a network. Highway networks with hundreds of layers can be trained directly using stochastic gradient descent and with a variety of activation functions, opening up the possibility of studying extremely deep and efficient architectures. Note: A full paper extending this study is available at http://arxiv.org/abs/1507.06228, with additional references, experiments and analysis.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "4d2be7aac363b77c6abd083947bc28c7",
"text": "Scene parsing is challenging for unrestricted open vocabulary and diverse scenes. In this paper, we exploit the capability of global context information by different-region-based context aggregation through our pyramid pooling module together with the proposed pyramid scene parsing network (PSPNet). Our global prior representation is effective to produce good quality results on the scene parsing task, while PSPNet provides a superior framework for pixel-level prediction. The proposed approach achieves state-of-the-art performance on various datasets. It came first in ImageNet scene parsing challenge 2016, PASCAL VOC 2012 benchmark and Cityscapes benchmark. A single PSPNet yields the new record of mIoU accuracy 85.4% on PASCAL VOC 2012 and accuracy 80.2% on Cityscapes.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "b2fc60b400b2b8ed3425658e3a1e9217",
"text": "We propose a systematic approach to reduce the memory consumption of deep neural network training. Specifically, we design an algorithm that costs O( √ n) memory to train a n layer network, with only the computational cost of an extra forward pass per mini-batch. As many of the state-of-the-art models hit the upper bound of the GPU memory, our algorithm allows deeper and more complex models to be explored, and helps advance the innovations in deep learning research. We focus on reducing the memory cost to store the intermediate feature maps and gradients during training. Computation graph analysis is used for automatic in-place operation and memory sharing optimizations. We show that it is possible to trade computation for memory giving a more memory efficient training algorithm with a little extra computation cost. In the extreme case, our analysis also shows that the memory consumption can be reduced to O(logn) with as little as O(n logn) extra cost for forward computation. Our experiments show that we can reduce the memory cost of a 1,000-layer deep residual network from 48G to 7G with only 30% additional running time cost on ImageNet problems. Similarly, significant memory cost reduction is observed in training complex recurrent neural networks on very long sequences.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "b0bd9a0b3e1af93a9ede23674dd74847",
"text": "This paper introduces WaveNet, a deep neural network for generating raw audio waveforms. The model is fully probabilistic and autoregressive, with the predictive distribution for each audio sample conditioned on all previous ones; nonetheless we show that it can be efficiently trained on data with tens of thousands of samples per second of audio. When applied to text-to-speech, it yields state-ofthe-art performance, with human listeners rating it as significantly more natural sounding than the best parametric and concatenative systems for both English and Mandarin. A single WaveNet can capture the characteristics of many different speakers with equal fidelity, and can switch between them by conditioning on the speaker identity. When trained to model music, we find that it generates novel and often highly realistic musical fragments. We also show that it can be employed as a discriminative model, returning promising results for phoneme recognition.",
"title": ""
}
] | [
{
"docid": "79564b938dde94306a2a142240bf30ea",
"text": "Accurately counting maize tassels is important for monitoring the growth status of maize plants. This tedious task, however, is still mainly done by manual efforts. In the context of modern plant phenotyping, automating this task is required to meet the need of large-scale analysis of genotype and phenotype. In recent years, computer vision technologies have experienced a significant breakthrough due to the emergence of large-scale datasets and increased computational resources. Naturally image-based approaches have also received much attention in plant-related studies. Yet a fact is that most image-based systems for plant phenotyping are deployed under controlled laboratory environment. When transferring the application scenario to unconstrained in-field conditions, intrinsic and extrinsic variations in the wild pose great challenges for accurate counting of maize tassels, which goes beyond the ability of conventional image processing techniques. This calls for further robust computer vision approaches to address in-field variations. This paper studies the in-field counting problem of maize tassels. To our knowledge, this is the first time that a plant-related counting problem is considered using computer vision technologies under unconstrained field-based environment. With 361 field images collected in four experimental fields across China between 2010 and 2015 and corresponding manually-labelled dotted annotations, a novel Maize Tassels Counting (MTC) dataset is created and will be released with this paper. To alleviate the in-field challenges, a deep convolutional neural network-based approach termed TasselNet is proposed. TasselNet can achieve good adaptability to in-field variations via modelling the local visual characteristics of field images and regressing the local counts of maize tassels. Extensive results on the MTC dataset demonstrate that TasselNet outperforms other state-of-the-art approaches by large margins and achieves the overall best counting performance, with a mean absolute error of 6.6 and a mean squared error of 9.6 averaged over 8 test sequences. TasselNet can achieve robust in-field counting of maize tassels with a relatively high degree of accuracy. Our experimental evaluations also suggest several good practices for practitioners working on maize-tassel-like counting problems. It is worth noting that, though the counting errors have been greatly reduced by TasselNet, in-field counting of maize tassels remains an open and unsolved problem.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "bbb6b192974542b165d3f7a0d139a8e1",
"text": "While gamification is gaining ground in business, marketing, corporate management, and wellness initiatives, its application in education is still an emerging trend. This article presents a study of the published empirical research on the application of gamification to education. The study is limited to papers that discuss explicitly the effects of using game elements in specific educational contexts. It employs a systematic mapping design. Accordingly, a categorical structure for classifying the research results is proposed based on the extracted topics discussed in the reviewed papers. The categories include gamification design principles, game mechanics, context of applying gamification (type of application, educational level, and academic subject), implementation, and evaluation. By mapping the published works to the classification criteria and analyzing them, the study highlights the directions of the currently conducted empirical research on applying gamification to education. It also indicates some major obstacles and needs, such as the need for proper technological support, for controlled studies demonstrating reliable positive or negative results of using specific game elements in particular educational contexts, etc. Although most of the reviewed papers report promising results, more substantial empirical research is needed to determine whether both extrinsic and intrinsic motivation of the learners can be influenced by gamification.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "072a6a274820e7dea5d811906f81d244",
"text": "Analysis of vascular geometry is important in many medical imaging applications, such as retinal, pulmonary, and cardiac investigations. In order to make reliable judgments for clinical usage, accurate and robust segmentation methods are needed. Due to the high complexity of biological vasculature trees, manual identification is often too time-consuming and tedious to be used in practice. To design an automated and computerized method, a major challenge is that the appearance of vasculatures in medical images has great variance across modalities and subjects. Therefore, most existing approaches are specially designed for a particular task, lacking the flexibility to be adapted to other circumstances. In this paper, we present a generic approach for vascular structure identification from medical images, which can be used for multiple purposes robustly. The proposed method uses the state-of-the-art deep convolutional neural network (CNN) to learn the appearance features of the target. A Principal Component Analysis (PCA)-based nearest neighbor search is then utilized to estimate the local structure distribution, which is further incorporated within the generalized probabilistic tracking framework to extract the entire connected tree. Qualitative and quantitative results over retinal fundus data demonstrate that the proposed framework achieves comparable accuracy as compared with state-of-the-art methods, while efficiently producing more information regarding the candidate tree structure.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "824480b0f5886a37ca1930ce4484800d",
"text": "Conduction loss reduction technique using a small resonant capacitor for a phase shift full bridge converter with clamp diodes is proposed in this paper. The proposed technique can be implemented simply by adding a small resonant capacitor beside the leakage inductor of transformer. Since the voltage across the small resonant capacitor is applied to the small leakage inductor of transformer during freewheeling period, the primary current can be decreased rapidly. This results in the reduced conduction loss on the secondary side of transformer while the proposed technique can still guarantee the wide ZVS ranges. The operational principles and analysis are presented. Experimental results show that the proposed reduction technique of conduction loss can be operated properly.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "ecea52064dd97ee4acdd11cb2c84f8cf",
"text": "Occupational therapists have used activity analysis to ensure the therapeutic use of activities. Recently, they have begun to explore the affective components of activities. This study explores the feelings (affective responses) that chronic psychiatric patients have toward selected activities commonly used in occupational therapy. Twenty-two participating chronic psychiatric patients were randomly assigned to one of three different activity groups: cooking, craft, or sensory awareness. Immediately following participation, each subject was asked to rate the activity by using Osgood's semantic differential, which measures the evaluation, power, and action factors of affective meaning. Data analysis revealed significant differences between the cooking activity and the other two activities on the evaluation factor. The fact that the three activities were rated differently is evidence that different activities can elicit different responses in one of the target populations of occupational therapy. The implications of these findings to occupational therapists are discussed and areas of future research are indicated.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "23ee528e0efe7c4fec7f8cda7e49a8dd",
"text": "The development of reliability-based design criteria for surface ship structures needs to consider the following three components: (1) loads, (2) structural strength, and (3) methods of reliability analysis. A methodology for reliability-based design of ship structures is provided in this document. The methodology consists of the following two approaches: (1) direct reliabilitybased design, and (2) load and resistance factor design (LRFD) rules. According to this methodology, loads can be linearly or nonlinearly treated. Also in assessing structural strength, linear or nonlinear analysis can be used. The reliability assessment and reliability-based design can be performed at several levels of a structural system, such as at the hull-girder, grillage, panel, plate and detail levels. A rational treatment of uncertainty is suggested by considering all its types. Also, failure definitions can have significant effects on the assessed reliability, or resulting reliability-based designs. A method for defining and classifying failures at the system level is provided. The method considers the continuous nature of redundancy in ship structures. A bibliography is provided at the end of this document to facilitate future implementation of the methodology.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "0356445aef8821582d18234683b62194",
"text": "Supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) systems are large-scale industrial control systems often spread across geographically dispersed locations that let human operators control entire physical systems, from a single control room. Early multi-site SCADA systems used closed networks and propriety industrial communication protocols like Modbus, DNP3 etc to reach remote sites. But with time it has become more convenient and more cost-effective to connect them to the Internet. However, internet connections to SCADA systems build in new vulnerabilities, as SCADA systems were not designed with internet security in mind. This can become matter of national security if these systems are power plants, water treatment facilities, or other pieces of critical infrastructure. Compared to IT systems, SCADA systems have a higher requirement concerning reliability, latency and uptime, so it is not always feasible to apply IT security measures deployed in IT systems. This paper provides an overview of security issues and threats in SCADA networks. Next, attention is focused on security assessment of the SCADA. This is followed by an overview of relevant SCADA security solutions. Finally we propose our security solution approach which is embedded in bump-in-the-wire is discussed.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "7f54157faf8041436174fa865d0f54a8",
"text": "The goal of robot learning from demonstra tion is to have a robot learn from watching a demonstration of the task to be performed In our approach to learning from demon stration the robot learns a reward function from the demonstration and a task model from repeated attempts to perform the task A policy is computed based on the learned reward function and task model Lessons learned from an implementation on an an thropomorphic robot arm using a pendulum swing up task include simply mimicking demonstrated motions is not adequate to per form this task a task planner can use a learned model and reward function to com pute an appropriate policy this model based planning process supports rapid learn ing both parametric and nonparametric models can be learned and used and in corporating a task level direct learning com ponent which is non model based in addi tion to the model based planner is useful in compensating for structural modeling errors and slow model learning",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "013270914bfee85265f122b239c9fc4c",
"text": "Current study is with the aim to identify similarities and distinctions between irony and sarcasm by adopting quantitative sentiment analysis as well as qualitative content analysis. The result of quantitative sentiment analysis shows that sarcastic tweets are used with more positive tweets than ironic tweets. The result of content analysis corresponds to the result of quantitative sentiment analysis in identifying the aggressiveness of sarcasm. On the other hand, from content analysis it shows that irony owns two senses. The first sense of irony is equal to aggressive sarcasm with speaker awareness. Thus, tweets of first sense of irony may attack a specific target, and the speaker may tag his/her tweet irony because the tweet itself is ironic. These tweets though tagged as irony are in fact sarcastic tweets. Different from this, the tweets of second sense of irony is tagged to classify an event to be ironic. However, from the distribution in sentiment analysis and examples in content analysis, irony seems to be more broadly used in its second sense.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "f17a6c34a7b3c6a7bf266f04e819af94",
"text": "BACKGROUND\nPatients with advanced squamous-cell non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who have disease progression during or after first-line chemotherapy have limited treatment options. This randomized, open-label, international, phase 3 study evaluated the efficacy and safety of nivolumab, a fully human IgG4 programmed death 1 (PD-1) immune-checkpoint-inhibitor antibody, as compared with docetaxel in this patient population.\n\n\nMETHODS\nWe randomly assigned 272 patients to receive nivolumab, at a dose of 3 mg per kilogram of body weight every 2 weeks, or docetaxel, at a dose of 75 mg per square meter of body-surface area every 3 weeks. The primary end point was overall survival.\n\n\nRESULTS\nThe median overall survival was 9.2 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 7.3 to 13.3) with nivolumab versus 6.0 months (95% CI, 5.1 to 7.3) with docetaxel. The risk of death was 41% lower with nivolumab than with docetaxel (hazard ratio, 0.59; 95% CI, 0.44 to 0.79; P<0.001). At 1 year, the overall survival rate was 42% (95% CI, 34 to 50) with nivolumab versus 24% (95% CI, 17 to 31) with docetaxel. The response rate was 20% with nivolumab versus 9% with docetaxel (P=0.008). The median progression-free survival was 3.5 months with nivolumab versus 2.8 months with docetaxel (hazard ratio for death or disease progression, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.47 to 0.81; P<0.001). The expression of the PD-1 ligand (PD-L1) was neither prognostic nor predictive of benefit. Treatment-related adverse events of grade 3 or 4 were reported in 7% of the patients in the nivolumab group as compared with 55% of those in the docetaxel group.\n\n\nCONCLUSIONS\nAmong patients with advanced, previously treated squamous-cell NSCLC, overall survival, response rate, and progression-free survival were significantly better with nivolumab than with docetaxel, regardless of PD-L1 expression level. (Funded by Bristol-Myers Squibb; CheckMate 017 ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01642004.).",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "6adf612b6a80494f9c9559170ab66670",
"text": "In recent years, Steganography and Steganalysis are two important areas of research that involve a number of applications. These two areas of research are important especially when reliable and secure information exchange is required. Steganography is an art of embedding information in a cover image without causing statistically significant variations to the cover image. Steganalysis is the technology that attempts to defeat Steganography by detecting the hidden information and extracting. In this paper a comparative analysis is made to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methods. The effectiveness of the proposed methods has been estimated by computing Mean square error (MSE) and Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR), Processing time, security.The analysis shows that the BER and PSNR is improved in the LSB Method but security sake DCT is the best method.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "491bf7103b8540748b58465ff9238fe7",
"text": "We present a new approach for defining groups of populations that are geographically homogeneous and maximally differentiated from each other. As a by-product, it also leads to the identification of genetic barriers between these groups. The method is based on a simulated annealing procedure that aims to maximize the proportion of total genetic variance due to differences between groups of populations (spatial analysis of molecular variance; samova). Monte Carlo simulations were used to study the performance of our approach and, for comparison, the behaviour of the Monmonier algorithm, a procedure commonly used to identify zones of sharp genetic changes in a geographical area. Simulations showed that the samova algorithm indeed finds maximally differentiated groups, which do not always correspond to the simulated group structure in the presence of isolation by distance, especially when data from a single locus are available. In this case, the Monmonier algorithm seems slightly better at finding predefined genetic barriers, but can often lead to the definition of groups of populations not differentiated genetically. The samova algorithm was then applied to a set of European roe deer populations examined for their mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) HVRI diversity. The inferred genetic structure seemed to confirm the hypothesis that some Italian populations were recently reintroduced from a Balkanic stock, as well as the differentiation of groups of populations possibly due to the postglacial recolonization of Europe or the action of a specific barrier to gene flow.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "aabed671a466730e273225d8ee572f73",
"text": "It is essential to base instruction on a foundation of understanding of children’s thinking, but it is equally important to adopt the longer-term view that is needed to stretch these early competencies into forms of thinking that are complex, multifaceted, and subject to development over years, rather than weeks or months. We pursue this topic through our studies of model-based reasoning. We have identified four forms of models and related modeling practices that show promise for developing model-based reasoning. Models have the fortuitous feature of making forms of student reasoning public and inspectable—not only among the community of modelers, but also to teachers. Modeling provides feedback about student thinking that can guide teaching decisions, an important dividend for improving professional practice.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "fe59d96ddb5a777f154da5cf813c556c",
"text": "For a set $P$ of $n$ points in the plane and an integer $k \\leq n$, consider the problem of finding the smallest circle enclosing at least $k$ points of $P$. We present a randomized algorithm that computes in $O( n k )$ expected time such a circle, improving over previously known algorithms. Further, we present a linear time $\\delta$-approximation algorithm that outputs a circle that contains at least $k$ points of $P$ and has radius less than $(1+\\delta)r_{opt}(P,k)$, where $r_{opt}(P,k)$ is the radius of the minimum circle containing at least $k$ points of $P$. The expected running time of this approximation algorithm is $O(n + n \\cdot\\min((1/k\\delta^3) \\log^2 (1/\\delta), k))$.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "647ba490d8507eeefb50387ab95bf59c",
"text": "This study compares the cradle-to-gate total energy and major emissions for the extraction of raw materials, production, and transportation of the common wood building materials from the CORRIM 2004 reports. A life-cycle inventory produced the raw materials, including fuel resources and emission to air, water, and land for glued-laminated timbers, kiln-dried and green softwood lumber, laminated veneer lumber, softwood plywood, and oriented strandboard. Major findings from these comparisons were that the production of wood products, by the nature of the industry, uses a third of their energy consumption from renewable resources and the remainder from fossil-based, non-renewable resources when the system boundaries consider forest regeneration and harvesting, wood products and resin production, and transportation life-cycle stages. When the system boundaries are reduced to a gate-to-gate (manufacturing life-cycle stage) model for the wood products, the biomass component of the manufacturing energy increases to nearly 50% for most products and as high as 78% for lumber production from the Southeast. The manufacturing life-cycle stage consumed the most energy over all the products when resin is considered part of the production process. Extraction of log resources and transportation of raw materials for production had the least environmental impact.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "734638df47b05b425b0dcaaab11d886e",
"text": "Satisfying the needs of users of online video streaming services requires not only to manage the network Quality of Service (QoS), but also to address the user's Quality of Experience (QoE) expectations. While QoS factors reflect the status of individual networks, they do not comprehensively capture the end-to-end features affecting the quality delivered to the user. In this situation, QoE management is the better option. However, traditionally used QoE management models require human interaction and have stringent requirements in terms of time and complexity. Thus, they fail to achieve successful performance in terms of real-timeliness, accuracy, scalability and adaptability. This dissertation work investigates new methods to bring QoE management to the level required by the real-time management of video services. In this paper, we highlight our main contributions. First, with the aim to perform a combined network-service assessment, we designed an experimental methodology able to map network QoS onto service QoE. Our methodology is meant to provide service and network providers with the means to pinpoint the working boundaries of their video-sets and to predict the effect of network policies on perception. Second, we developed a generic machine learning framework that allows deriving accurate predictive No Reference (NR) assessment metrics, based on simplistic NR QoE methods, that are functionally and computationally viable for real-time QoE evaluation. The tools, methods and conclusions derived from this dissertation conform a solid contribution to QoE management of video streaming services, opening new venues for further research.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "49a9b9bb7a040523378f5ed4363f9fe9",
"text": "Pattern recognition is used to classify the input data into different classes based on extracted key features. Increasing the recognition rate of pattern recognition applications is a challenging task. The spike neural networks inspired from physiological brain architecture, is a neuromorphic hardware implementation of network of neurons. A sample of neuromorphic architecture has two layers of neurons, input and output. The number of input neurons is fixed based on the input data patterns. While the number of outputs neurons can be different. The goal of this paper is performance evaluation of neuromorphic architecture in terms of recognition rates using different numbers of output neurons. For this purpose a simulation environment of N2S3 and MNIST handwritten digits are used. Our simulation results show the recognition rate for various number of output neurons, 20, 30, 50, 100, 200, and 300 is 70%, 74%, 79%, 85%, 89%, and 91%, respectively.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "9973de0dc30f8e8f7234819163a15db2",
"text": "Jennifer L. Docktor, Natalie E. Strand, José P. Mestre, and Brian H. Ross Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin–La Crosse, La Crosse, Wisconsin 54601, USA Department of Physics, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA Department of Educational Psychology, University of Illinois, Champaign, Illinois 61820, USA Department of Psychology, University of Illinois, Champaign, Illinois 61820, USA (Received 30 April 2015; published 1 September 2015)",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "d8d52c5329ed7f187ba7ebfde45b750c",
"text": "Lately enhancing the capability of network services automatically and dynamically through SDN and CDN/CDNi networks has become a recent topic of research. While, in one hand, these systems can be very beneficial to control and optimize the overall network services that studies the topology, traffic paths, packet handling and such others, on the other hand, the servers in such architectures can also be a potential target for DoS and/or DDoS attacks. We, therefore, propose a mechanism for the SDN based CDNi networks to securely deliver services with a multi-defense strategy against DDoS attacks. Addition of ALTO like servers in such architectures enables mapping a very big network to provide a bird's eye view. We propose an additional marking path map in the ALTO server to trace the request packets. The next defense is a protection switch to protect the main servers. A Management Information Base (MIB) is also proposed in the SDN controller to compare and assess the request traffic coming to the protection switches.",
"title": ""
}
] | scidocsrr |
cedfb0244b1ea9b24f594603745167e5 | Dynamic Facet Ordering for Faceted Product Search Engines | [
{
"docid": "0dbad8ca53615294bc25f7a2d8d41d99",
"text": "Faceted search is becoming a popular method to allow users to interactively search and navigate complex information spaces. A faceted search system presents users with key-value metadata that is used for query refinement. While popular in e-commerce and digital libraries, not much research has been conducted on which metadata to present to a user in order to improve the search experience. Nor are there repeatable benchmarks for evaluating a faceted search engine. This paper proposes the use of collaborative filtering and personalization to customize the search interface to each user's behavior. This paper also proposes a utility based framework to evaluate the faceted interface. In order to demonstrate these ideas and better understand personalized faceted search, several faceted search algorithms are proposed and evaluated using the novel evaluation methodology.",
"title": ""
}
] | [
{
"docid": "782396981f9d3fffb74d7e03048cdb6b",
"text": "A high-voltage high-speed gate driver to enable synchronous rectifiers with zero-voltage-switching (ZVS) operation is presented in this paper. A capacitive-coupled level-shifter (CCLS) is developed to achieve negligible propagation delay and static current consumption. With only 1 off-chip capacitor, the proposed gate driver possesses strong driving capability and requires no external floating supply for the high-side driving. A dynamic timing control is also proposed not only to enable ZVS operation in the converter for minimizing the capacitive switching loss, but also to eliminate the converter short-circuit power loss. Implemented in a 0.5μm HV CMOS process, the proposed CCLS of the gate driver can shift up a 5V signal to the 100V DC rail with sub-nanosecond delay, improving the FoM by at least 29 times compared with that of state-of-the-art counterparts. The dynamic dead-time control properly enables ZVS operation in a synchronous buck converter under different input voltages (30V to 100V). The power losses of the high-voltage buck converter are thus greatly reduced under different load currents, achieving a maximum power efficiency improvement of 11.5%.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "cceb05e100fe8c9f9dab9f6525d435db",
"text": "Conventional feedback control methods can solve various types of robot control problems very efficiently by capturing the structure with explicit models, such as rigid body equations of motion. However, many control problems in modern manufacturing deal with contacts and friction, which are difficult to capture with first-order physical modeling. Hence, applying control design methodologies to these kinds of problems often results in brittle and inaccurate controllers, which have to be manually tuned for deployment. Reinforcement learning (RL) methods have been demonstrated to be capable of learning continuous robot controllers from interactions with the environment, even for problems that include friction and contacts. In this paper, we study how we can solve difficult control problems in the real world by decomposing them into a part that is solved efficiently by conventional feedback control methods, and the residual which is solved with RL. The final control policy is a superposition of both control signals. We demonstrate our approach by training an agent to successfully perform a real-world block assembly task involving contacts and unstable objects.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "323abed1a623e49db50bed383ab26a92",
"text": "Robust object detection is a critical skill for robotic applications in complex environments like homes and offices. In this paper we propose a method for using multiple cameras to simultaneously view an object from multiple angles and at high resolutions. We show that our probabilistic method for combining the camera views, which can be used with many choices of single-image object detector, can significantly improve accuracy for detecting objects from many viewpoints. We also present our own single-image object detection method that uses large synthetic datasets for training. Using a distributed, parallel learning algorithm, we train from very large datasets (up to 100 million image patches). The resulting object detector achieves high performance on its own, but also benefits substantially from using multiple camera views. Our experimental results validate our system in realistic conditions and demonstrates significant performance gains over using standard single-image classifiers, raising accuracy from 0.86 area-under-curve to 0.97.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "fca35510714dcf6f2a7a835291db382f",
"text": "This paper considers the state of art real-time detection network single-shot multi-box detector (SSD) for multi-targets detection. It is built on top of a base network VGG16 that ends with some convolution layers. Its base network VGG16, designed for 1000 categories in Imagenet dataset, is obviously over-parametered, when used for 21 categories classification in VOC dataset. In this paper, we visualize the base network VGG16 in SSD network by deconvolution method. We analyze the discriminative feature learned by last layer conv5_3 of VGG16 network due to its semantic property. Redundancy intra-channel can be seen in the form of deconvolution image. Accordingly, we propose a pruning method to obtain a compressed network with high accuracy. Experiments illustrate the efficiency of our method by comparing different fine-tune methods. A reduced SSD network is obtained with even higher mAP than the original one by 2 percent. When only 4% of the original kernels in conv5_3 is remained, mAP is still as high as that of the original network.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "0ab4f0cf03c0a2d72b4e9ed079181a67",
"text": "In this paper, we present a method for estimating articulated human poses in videos. We cast this as an optimization problem defined on body parts with spatio-temporal links between them. The resulting formulation is unfortunately intractable and previous approaches only provide approximate solutions. Although such methods perform well on certain body parts, e.g., head, their performance on lower arms, i.e., elbows and wrists, remains poor. We present a new approximate scheme with two steps dedicated to pose estimation. First, our approach takes into account temporal links with subsequent frames for the less-certain parts, namely elbows and wrists. Second, our method decomposes poses into limbs, generates limb sequences across time, and recomposes poses by mixing these body part sequences. We introduce a new dataset \"Poses in the Wild\", which is more challenging than the existing ones, with sequences containing background clutter, occlusions, and severe camera motion. We experimentally compare our method with recent approaches on this new dataset as well as on two other benchmark datasets, and show significant improvement.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "065e6db1710715ce5637203f1749e6f6",
"text": "Software fault isolation (SFI) is an effective mechanism to confine untrusted modules inside isolated domains to protect their host applications. Since its debut, researchers have proposed different SFI systems for many purposes such as safe execution of untrusted native browser plugins. However, most of these systems focus on the x86 architecture. Inrecent years, ARM has become the dominant architecture for mobile devices and gains in popularity in data centers.Hence there is a compellingneed for an efficient SFI system for the ARM architecture. Unfortunately, existing systems either have prohibitively high performance overhead or place various limitations on the memory layout and instructions of untrusted modules.\n In this paper, we propose ARMlock, a hardware-based fault isolation for ARM. It uniquely leverages the memory domain support in ARM processors to create multiple sandboxes. Memory accesses by the untrusted module (including read, write, and execution) are strictly confined by the hardware,and instructions running inside the sandbox execute at the same speed as those outside it. ARMlock imposes virtually no structural constraints on untrusted modules. For example, they can use self-modifying code, receive exceptions, and make system calls. Moreover, system calls can be interposed by ARMlock to enforce the policies set by the host. We have implemented a prototype of ARMlock for Linux that supports the popular ARMv6 and ARMv7 sub-architecture. Our security assessment and performance measurement show that ARMlock is practical, effective, and efficient.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "b31f5af2510461479d653be1ddadaa22",
"text": "Integrating smart temperature sensors into digital platforms facilitates information to be processed and transmitted, and open up new applications. Furthermore, temperature sensors are crucial components in computing platforms to manage power-efficiency trade-offs reliably under a thermal budget. This paper presents a holistic perspective about smart temperature sensor design from system- to device-level including manufacturing concerns. Through smart sensor design evolutions, we identify some scaling paths and circuit techniques to surmount analog/mixed-signal design challenges in 32-nm and beyond. We close with opportunities to design smarter temperature sensors.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "476e612f4124fc5e9f391e2fa4a49a3b",
"text": "Debugging data processing logic in Data-Intensive Scalable Computing (DISC) systems is a difficult and time consuming effort. Today's DISC systems offer very little tooling for debugging programs, and as a result programmers spend countless hours collecting evidence (e.g., from log files) and performing trial and error debugging. To aid this effort, we built Titian, a library that enables data provenance-tracking data through transformations-in Apache Spark. Data scientists using the Titian Spark extension will be able to quickly identify the input data at the root cause of a potential bug or outlier result. Titian is built directly into the Spark platform and offers data provenance support at interactive speeds-orders-of-magnitude faster than alternative solutions-while minimally impacting Spark job performance; observed overheads for capturing data lineage rarely exceed 30% above the baseline job execution time.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "df9ed642b388f7eac9df492384c81efa",
"text": "The predominantly anaerobic microbiota of the distal ileum and colon contain an extraordinarily complex variety of metabolically active bacteria and fungi that intimately interact with the host's epithelial cells and mucosal immune system. Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, and pouchitis are the result of continuous microbial antigenic stimulation of pathogenic immune responses as a consequence of host genetic defects in mucosal barrier function, innate bacterial killing, or immunoregulation. Altered microbial composition and function in inflammatory bowel diseases result in increased immune stimulation, epithelial dysfunction, or enhanced mucosal permeability. Although traditional pathogens probably are not responsible for these disorders, increased virulence of commensal bacterial species, particularly Escherichia coli, enhance their mucosal attachment, invasion, and intracellular persistence, thereby stimulating pathogenic immune responses. Host genetic polymorphisms most likely interact with functional bacterial changes to stimulate aggressive immune responses that lead to chronic tissue injury. Identification of these host and microbial alterations in individual patients should lead to selective targeted interventions that correct underlying abnormalities and induce sustained and predictable therapeutic responses.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "41cfe93db7c4635e106a1d620ea31036",
"text": "Neuroblastoma (NBL) and medulloblastoma (MBL) are tumors of the neuroectoderm that occur in children. NBL and MBL express Trk family tyrosine kinase receptors, which regulate growth, differentiation, and cell death. CEP-751 (KT-6587), an indolocarbazole derivative, is an inhibitor of Trk family tyrosine kinases at nanomolar concentrations. This study was designed to determine the effect of CEP-751 on the growth of NBL and MBL cell lines as xenografts. In vivo studies were conducted on four NBL cell lines (IMR-5, CHP-134, NBL-S, and SY5Y) and three MBL cell lines (D283, D341, and DAOY) using two treatment schedules: (a) treatment was started after the tumors were measurable (therapeutic study); or (b) 4-6 days after inoculation, before tumors were palpable (prevention study). CEP-751 was given at 21 mg/kg/dose administered twice a day, 7 days a week; the carrier vehicle was used as a control. In therapeutic studies, a significant difference in tumor size was seen between treated and control animals with IMR-5 on day 8 (P = 0.01), NBL-S on day 17 (P = 0.016), and CHP-134 on day 15 (P = 0.034). CEP-751 also had a significant growth-inhibitory effect on the MBL line D283 (on day 39, P = 0.031). Inhibition of tumor growth of D341 did not reach statistical significance, and no inhibition was apparent with DAOY. In prevention studies, CEP-751 showed a modest growth-inhibitory effect on IMR5 (P = 0.062) and CHP-134 (P = 0.049). Furthermore, inhibition of growth was greater in the SY5Y cell line transfected with TrkB compared with the untransfected parent cell line expressing no detectable TrkB. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated nick end labeling studies showed CEP-751 induced apoptosis in the treated CHP-134 tumors, whereas no evidence of apoptosis was seen in the control tumors. Finally, there was no apparent toxicity identified in any of the treated mice. These results suggest that CEP-751 may be a useful therapeutic agent for NBL or MBL.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "0c3387ec7ed161d931bc08151e722d10",
"text": "New updated! The latest book from a very famous author finally comes out. Book of the tower of hanoi myths and maths, as an amazing reference becomes what you need to get. What's for is this book? Are you still thinking for what the book is? Well, this is what you probably will get. You should have made proper choices for your better life. Book, as a source that may involve the facts, opinion, literature, religion, and many others are the great friends to join with.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "52dbfe369d1875c402220692ef985bec",
"text": "Geographically annotated social media is extremely valuable for modern information retrieval. However, when researchers can only access publicly-visible data, one quickly finds that social media users rarely publish location information. In this work, we provide a method which can geolocate the overwhelming majority of active Twitter users, independent of their location sharing preferences, using only publicly-visible Twitter data. Our method infers an unknown user's location by examining their friend's locations. We frame the geotagging problem as an optimization over a social network with a total variation-based objective and provide a scalable and distributed algorithm for its solution. Furthermore, we show how a robust estimate of the geographic dispersion of each user's ego network can be used as a per-user accuracy measure which is effective at removing outlying errors. Leave-many-out evaluation shows that our method is able to infer location for 101, 846, 236 Twitter users at a median error of 6.38 km, allowing us to geotag over 80% of public tweets.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "6f3a5219346e4c6c8dd094e391f93e2f",
"text": "We consider 27 population and community terms used frequently by parasitologists when describing the ecology of parasites. We provide suggestions for various terms in an attempt to foster consistent use and to make terms used in parasite ecology easier to interpret for those who study free-living organisms. We suggest strongly that authors, whether they agree or disagree with us, provide complete and unambiguous definitions for all parameters of their studies.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "5bece01bed7c5a9a2433d95379882a37",
"text": "n The polarization of electromagnetic signals is an important feature in the design of modern radar and telecommunications. Standard electromagnetic theory readily shows that a linearly polarized plane wave propagating in free space consists of two equal but counter-rotating components of circular polarization. In magnetized media, these circular modes can be arranged to produce the nonreciprocal propagation effects that are the basic properties of isolator and circulator devices. Independent phase control of right-hand (+) and left-hand (–) circular waves is accomplished by splitting their propagation velocities through differences in the e ± m ± parameter. A phenomenological analysis of the permeability m and permittivity e in dispersive media serves to introduce the corresponding magneticand electric-dipole mechanisms of interaction length with the propagating signal. As an example of permeability dispersion, a Lincoln Laboratory quasi-optical Faradayrotation isolator circulator at 35 GHz (l ~ 1 cm) with a garnet-ferrite rotator element is described. At infrared wavelengths (l = 1.55 mm), where fiber-optic laser sources also require protection by passive isolation of the Faraday-rotation principle, e rather than m provides the dispersion, and the frequency is limited to the quantum energies of the electric-dipole atomic transitions peculiar to the molecular structure of the magnetic garnet. For optimum performance, bismuth additions to the garnet chemical formula are usually necessary. Spectroscopic and molecular theory models developed at Lincoln Laboratory to explain the bismuth effects are reviewed. In a concluding section, proposed advances in present technology are discussed in the context of future radar and telecommunications challenges.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "26ad79619be484ec239daf5b735ae5a4",
"text": "The placenta is a complex organ, playing multiple roles during fetal development. Very little is known about the association between placental morphological abnormalities and fetal physiology. In this work, we present an open sourced, computationally tractable deep learning pipeline to analyse placenta histology at the level of the cell. By utilising two deep convolutional neural network architectures and transfer learning, we can robustly localise and classify placental cells within five classes with an accuracy of 89%. Furthermore, we learn deep embeddings encoding phenotypic knowledge that is capable of both stratifying five distinct cell populations and learn intraclass phenotypic variance. We envisage that the automation of this pipeline to population scale studies of placenta histology has the potential to improve our understanding of basic cellular placental biology and its variations, particularly its role in predicting adverse birth outcomes.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "ed7826f37cf45f56ba6e7abf98c509e7",
"text": "The progressive ability of a six-strains L. monocytogenes cocktail to form biofilm on stainless steel (SS), under fish-processing simulated conditions, was investigated, together with the biocide tolerance of the developed sessile communities. To do this, the pathogenic bacteria were left to form biofilms on SS coupons incubated at 15°C, for up to 240h, in periodically renewable model fish juice substrate, prepared by aquatic extraction of sea bream flesh, under both mono-species and mixed-culture conditions. In the latter case, L. monocytogenes cells were left to produce biofilms together with either a five-strains cocktail of four Pseudomonas species (fragi, savastanoi, putida and fluorescens), or whole fish indigenous microflora. The biofilm populations of L. monocytogenes, Pseudomonas spp., Enterobacteriaceae, H2S producing and aerobic plate count (APC) bacteria, both before and after disinfection, were enumerated by selective agar plating, following their removal from surfaces through bead vortexing. Scanning electron microscopy was also applied to monitor biofilm formation dynamics and anti-biofilm biocidal actions. Results revealed the clear dominance of Pseudomonas spp. bacteria in all the mixed-culture sessile communities throughout the whole incubation period, with the in parallel sole presence of L. monocytogenes cells to further increase (ca. 10-fold) their sessile growth. With respect to L. monocytogenes and under mono-species conditions, its maximum biofilm population (ca. 6logCFU/cm2) was reached at 192h of incubation, whereas when solely Pseudomonas spp. cells were also present, its biofilm formation was either slightly hindered or favored, depending on the incubation day. However, when all the fish indigenous microflora was present, biofilm formation by the pathogen was greatly hampered and never exceeded 3logCFU/cm2, while under the same conditions, APC biofilm counts had already surpassed 7logCFU/cm2 by the end of the first 96h of incubation. All here tested disinfection treatments, composed of two common food industry biocides gradually applied for 15 to 30min, were insufficient against L. monocytogenes mono-species biofilm communities, with the resistance of the latter to significantly increase from the 3rd to 7th day of incubation. However, all these treatments resulted in no detectable L. monocytogenes cells upon their application against the mixed-culture sessile communities also containing the fish indigenous microflora, something probably associated with the low attached population level of these pathogenic cells before disinfection (<102CFU/cm2) under such mixed-culture conditions. Taken together, all these results expand our knowledge on both the population dynamics and resistance of L. monocytogenes biofilm cells under conditions resembling those encountered within the seafood industry and should be considered upon designing and applying effective anti-biofilm strategies.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "89e36aaa4c4d3ba5ec0326c6a568ebba",
"text": "We demonstrate a MEMS-based display system with a very wide projection angle of up to 120deg. The system utilizes a gimbal-less two-axis micromirror scanner for high-speed laser beam-steering in both axes. The optical scan angle of the micromirrors is up to 16deg on each axis. A custom-designed fisheye lens is utilized to magnify scan angles. The system can display a variety of vector graphics as well as multiframe animations at arbitrary refresh rates, up to the overall bandwidth limit of the MEMS device. It is also possible to operate the scanners in point-to-point scanning, resonant and/or rastering modes. The system is highly adaptable for projection on a variety of surfaces including projection on specially coated transparent surfaces (Fig. 3.) The size of the displayed area, refresh rate, display mode (vector graphic or image raster,) and many other parameters are all adjustable by the user. The small size of the MEMS devices and lens as well as the ultra-low power consumption of the MEMS devices, in the milliwatt range, makes the overall system highly portable and miniaturizable.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "13451c2f433b9d32563012458bb4856c",
"text": "Purpose – The paper’s aim is to explore the factors that affect the online game addiction and the role that online game addiction plays in the relationship between online satisfaction and loyalty. Design/methodology/approach – A web survey of online game players was conducted, with 1,186 valid responses collected. Structure equation modeling – specifically partial least squares – was used to assess the relationships in the proposed research framework. Findings – The results indicate that perceived playfulness and descriptive norms influence online game addiction. Furthermore, descriptive norms indirectly affect online game addiction through perceived playfulness. Addiction also directly contributes to loyalty and attenuates the relationship between satisfaction and loyalty. This finding partially explains why people remain loyal to an online game despite being dissatisfied. Practical implications – Online gaming vendors should strive to create amusing game content and to maintain their online game communities in order to enhance players’ perceptions of playfulness and the effects of social influences. Also, because satisfaction is the most significant indicator of loyalty, vendors can enhance loyalty by providing better services, such as fraud prevention and the detection of cheating behaviors. Originality/value – The value of this study is that it reveals the moderating influences of addiction on the satisfaction-loyalty relationship and factors that contribute to the online game addiction. Moreover, while many past studies focused on addiction’s negative effects and on groups considered particularly vulnerable to Internet addiction, this paper extends previous work by investigating the relationship of addiction to other marketing variables and by using a more general population, mostly young adults, as research subjects.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "4b57b59f475a643b281a1ee5e49c87bd",
"text": "In this paper we present a Model Predictive Control (MPC) approach for combined braking and steering systems in autonomous vehicles. We start from the result presented in (Borrelli et al. (2005)) and (Falcone et al. (2007a)), where a Model Predictive Controller (MPC) for autonomous steering systems has been presented. As in (Borrelli et al. (2005)) and (Falcone et al. (2007a)) we formulate an MPC control problem in order to stabilize a vehicle along a desired path. In the present paper, the control objective is to best follow a given path by controlling the front steering angle and the brakes at the four wheels independently, while fulfilling various physical and design constraints.",
"title": ""
}
] | scidocsrr |
22f2a21ab25e1d20636299564824a389 | What you see is what you set: sustained inattentional blindness and the capture of awareness. | [
{
"docid": "6362adacc0ee3e7f3cf418e8d8ff0cb9",
"text": "Advances in neuroscience implicate reentrant signaling as the predominant form of communication between brain areas. This principle was used in a series of masking experiments that defy explanation by feed-forward theories. The masking occurs when a brief display of target plus mask is continued with the mask alone. Two masking processes were found: an early process affected by physical factors such as adapting luminance and a later process affected by attentional factors such as set size. This later process is called masking by object substitution, because it occurs whenever there is a mismatch between the reentrant visual representation and the ongoing lower level activity. Iterative reentrant processing was formalized in a computational model that provides an excellent fit to the data. The model provides a more comprehensive account of all forms of visual masking than do the long-held feed-forward views based on inhibitory contour interactions.",
"title": ""
}
] | [
{
"docid": "90da5531538f373d7a591d80615d0fb4",
"text": "Re-authenticating users may be necessary for smartphone authentication schemes that leverage user behaviour, device context, or task sensitivity. However, due to the unpredictable nature of re-authentication, users may get annoyed when they have to use the default, non-transparent authentication prompt for re-authentication. We address this concern by proposing several re-authentication configurations with varying levels of screen transparency and an optional time delay before displaying the authentication prompt. We conduct user studies with 30 participants to evaluate the usability and security perceptions of these configurations. We find that participants respond positively to our proposed changes and utilize the time delay while they are anticipating to get an authentication prompt to complete their current task. Though our findings indicate no differences in terms of task performance against these configurations, we find that the participants’ preferences for the configurations are context-based. They generally prefer the reauthentication configuration with a non-transparent background for sensitive applications, such as banking and photo apps, while their preferences are inclined towards convenient, usable configurations for medium and low sensitive apps or while they are using their devices at home. We conclude with suggestions to improve the design of our proposed configurations as well as a discussion of guidelines for future implementations of re-authentication schemes.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "66f17513486e4d25c9be36e71aecbbf8",
"text": "Fuzz testing is an active testing technique which consists in automatically generating and sending malicious inputs to an application in order to hopefully trigger a vulnerability. Fuzzing entails such questions as: Where to fuzz? Which parameter to fuzz? What kind of anomaly to introduce? Where to observe its effects? etc. Different test contexts depending on the degree of knowledge assumed about the target: recompiling the application (white-box), interacting only at the target interface (blackbox), dynamically instrumenting a binary (grey-box). In this paper, we focus on black-box test contest, and specifically address the questions: How to obtain a notion of coverage on unstructured inputs? How to capture human testers intuitions and use it for the fuzzing? How to drive the search in various directions? We specifically address the problems of detecting Memory Corruption in PDF interpreters and Cross Site Scripting (XSS) in web applications. We detail our approaches which use genetic algorithm, inference and anti-random testing. We empirically evaluate our implementations of XSS fuzzer KameleonFuzz and of PDF fuzzer ShiftMonkey.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "227b995313994032ddeddc3cd4093790",
"text": "This paper describes and assesses underwater channel models for optical wireless communication. Models considered are: inherent optical properties; vector radiative transfer theory with the small-angle analytical solution and numerical solutions of the vector radiative transfer equation (Monte Carlo, discrete ordinates and invariant imbedding). Variable composition and refractive index, in addition to background light, are highlighted as aspects of the channel which advanced models must represent effectively. Models are assessed against these aspects in terms of their ability to predict transmitted power and spatial and temporal distributions of light a specified distance from a transmitter. Monte Carlo numerical methods are found to be the most versatile but are compromised by long computational time and greater errors than other methods.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "88af2cee31243eef4e46e357b053b3ae",
"text": "Domestic induction heating (IH) is currently the technology of choice in modern domestic applications due to its advantages regarding fast heating time, efficiency, and improved control. New design trends pursue the implementation of new cost-effective topologies with higher efficiency levels. In order to achieve this aim, a direct ac-ac boost resonant converter is proposed in this paper. The main features of this proposal are the improved efficiency, reduced component count, and proper output power control. A detailed analytical model leading to closed-form expressions of the main magnitudes is presented, and a converter design procedure is proposed. In addition, an experimental prototype has been designed and built to prove the expected converter performance and the accurateness of the analytical model. The experimental results are in good agreement with the analytical ones and prove the feasibility of the proposed converter for the IH application.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "e1f531740891d47387a2fc2ef4f71c46",
"text": "Multi-dimensional arrays, or tensors, are increasingly found in fields such as signal processing and recommender systems. Real-world tensors can be enormous in size and often very sparse. There is a need for efficient, high-performance tools capable of processing the massive sparse tensors of today and the future. This paper introduces SPLATT, a C library with shared-memory parallelism for three-mode tensors. SPLATT contains algorithmic improvements over competing state of the art tools for sparse tensor factorization. SPLATT has a fast, parallel method of multiplying a matricide tensor by a Khatri-Rao product, which is a key kernel in tensor factorization methods. SPLATT uses a novel data structure that exploits the sparsity patterns of tensors. This data structure has a small memory footprint similar to competing methods and allows for the computational improvements featured in our work. We also present a method of finding cache-friendly reordering and utilizing them with a novel form of cache tiling. To our knowledge, this is the first work to investigate reordering and cache tiling in this context. SPLATT averages almost 30x speedup compared to our baseline when using 16 threads and reaches over 80x speedup on NELL-2.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "5015d853665e2642add922290b28b685",
"text": "What is CRM Customer relationship Management (CRM) appears to be a simple and straightforward concept, but there are many different definitions and implementations of CRM. At present, a number of different conceptual understandings are associated with the term \"Customer Relationship Management (CRM). There understanding range from IT driven programs designed to optimize customer contact to comprehensive approaches for the establishment and design of long-term relationships. The effort to establish a meaningful relationship with the customer is characteristic of this last understanding (Barnes 2003).",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "795f5c1085cbdfccb3457adf003faba1",
"text": "Abstract—In this paper, a novel dual-band RF-harvesting RF-DC converter with a frequency limited impedance matching network (M/N) is proposed. The proposed RF-DC converter consists of a dual-band impedance matching network, a rectifier circuit with villard structure, a wideband harmonic suppression low-pass filter (LPF), and a termination load. The proposed dual-band M/N can match two receiving band signals and suppress the out-of-band signals effectively, so the back-scattered nonlinear frequency components from the nonlinear rectifying diodes to the antenna can be blocked. The fabricated circuit provides the maximum RF-DC conversion efficiency of 73.76% and output voltage 7.09 V at 881MHz and 69.05% with 6.86V at 2.4GHz with an individual input signal power of 22 dBm. Moreover, the conversion efficiency of 77.13% and output voltage of 7.25V are obtained when two RF waves with input dual-band signal power of 22 dBm are fed simultaneously.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "41d6fe50d6ef17936d457c801024274f",
"text": "In this article, we quantitatively analyze how the term “fake news” is being shaped in news media in recent years. We study the perception and the conceptualization of this term in the traditional media using eight years of data collected from news outlets based in 20 countries. Our results not only corroborate previous indications of a high increase in the usage of the expression “fake news”, but also show contextual changes around this expression after the United States presidential election of 2016. Among other results, we found changes in the related vocabulary, in the mentioned entities, in the surrounding topics and in the contextual polarity around the term “fake news”, suggesting that this expression underwent a change in perception and conceptualization after 2016. These outcomes expand the understandings on the usage of the term “fake news”, helping to comprehend and more accurately characterize this relevant social phenomenon linked to misinformation and manipulation.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "3831c1b7b1679f6e158d6a17e47df122",
"text": "Social media platforms provide an inexpensive communication medium that allows anyone to quickly reach millions of users. Consequently, in these platforms anyone can publish content and anyone interested in the content can obtain it, representing a transformative revolution in our society. However, this same potential of social media systems brings together an important challenge---these systems provide space for discourses that are harmful to certain groups of people. This challenge manifests itself with a number of variations, including bullying, offensive content, and hate speech. Specifically, authorities of many countries today are rapidly recognizing hate speech as a serious problem, specially because it is hard to create barriers on the Internet to prevent the dissemination of hate across countries or minorities. In this paper, we provide the first of a kind systematic large scale measurement and analysis study of hate speech in online social media. We aim to understand the abundance of hate speech in online social media, the most common hate expressions, the effect of anonymity on hate speech and the most hated groups across regions. In order to achieve our objectives, we gather traces from two social media systems: Whisper and Twitter. We then develop and validate a methodology to identify hate speech on both of these systems. Our results identify hate speech forms and unveil a set of important patterns, providing not only a broader understanding of online hate speech, but also offering directions for detection and prevention approaches.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "f652e66bbc0e6a1ddaec31f16286a332",
"text": "In Rspondin-based 3D cultures, Lgr5 stem cells from multiple organs form ever-expanding epithelial organoids that retain their tissue identity. We report the establishment of tumor organoid cultures from 20 consecutive colorectal carcinoma (CRC) patients. For most, organoids were also generated from adjacent normal tissue. Organoids closely recapitulate several properties of the original tumor. The spectrum of genetic changes within the \"living biobank\" agrees well with previous large-scale mutational analyses of CRC. Gene expression analysis indicates that the major CRC molecular subtypes are represented. Tumor organoids are amenable to high-throughput drug screens allowing detection of gene-drug associations. As an example, a single organoid culture was exquisitely sensitive to Wnt secretion (porcupine) inhibitors and carried a mutation in the negative Wnt feedback regulator RNF43, rather than in APC. Organoid technology may fill the gap between cancer genetics and patient trials, complement cell-line- and xenograft-based drug studies, and allow personalized therapy design. PAPERCLIP.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "567445f68597ea8ff5e89719772819be",
"text": "We have developed an interactive pop-up book called Electronic Popables to explore paper-based computing. Our book integrates traditional pop-up mechanisms with thin, flexible, paper-based electronics and the result is an artifact that looks and functions much like an ordinary pop-up, but has added elements of dynamic interactivity. This paper introduces the book and, through it, a library of paper-based sensors and a suite of paper-electronics construction techniques. We also reflect on the unique and under-explored opportunities that arise from combining material experimentation, artistic design, and engineering.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "6f6ae8ea9237cca449b8053ff5f368e7",
"text": "With the rapid development of Location-based Social Network (LBSN) services, a large number of Point-of-Interests (POIs) have been available, which consequently raises a great demand of building personalized POI recommender systems. A personalized POI recommender system can significantly help users to find their preferred POIs and assist POI owners to attract more customers. However, due to the complexity of users’ checkin decision making process that is influenced by many different factors such as POI distance and region’s prosperity, and the dynamics of user’s preference, POI recommender systems usually suffer from many challenges. Although different latent factor based methods (e.g., probabilistic matrix factorization) have been proposed, most of them do not successfully incorporate both geographical influence and temporal effect together into latent factor models. To this end, in this paper, we propose a new Spatial-Temporal Probabilistic Matrix Factorization (STPMF) model that models a user’s preference for POI as the combination of his geographical preference and other general interest in POI. Furthermore, in addition to static general interest of user, we capture the temporal dynamics of user’s interest as well by modeling checkin data in a unique way. To evaluate the proposed STPMF model, we conduct extensive experiments with many state-of-the-art baseline methods and evaluation metrics on two real-world data sets. The experimental results clearly demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed STPMF model.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "d1c88428d398caba2dc9a8f79f84a45f",
"text": "In this article, a novel compact reconfigurable antenna based on substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) technology is introduced. The geometry of the proposed antennas is symmetric with respect to the horizontal center line. The electrical shape of the antenna is composed of double H-plane SIW based horn antennas and radio frequency micro electro mechanical system (RF-MEMS) actuators. The RF-MEMS actuators are integrated in the planar structure of the antenna for reconfiguring the radiation pattern by adding nulls to the pattern. The proper activation/deactivation of the switches alters the modes distributed in the structure and changes the radiation pattern. When different combinations of switches are on or off, the radiation patterns have 2, 4, 6, 8, . . . nulls with nearly similar operating frequencies. The attained peak gain of the proposed antenna is higher than 5 dB at any point on the far field radiation pattern except at the null positions. The design procedure and closed form formulation are provided for analytical determination of the antenna parameters. Moreover, the designed antenna with an overall dimensions of only 63.6 × 50 mm2 is fabricated and excited through standard SMA connector and compared with the simulated results. The measured results show that the antenna can clearly alters its beams using the switching components. The proposed antenna retains advantages of low cost, low cross-polarized radiation, and easy integration of configuration.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "901fbd46cdd4403c8398cb21e1c75ba1",
"text": "Hidden Markov Model (HMM) based applications are common in various areas, but the incorporation of HMM's for anomaly detection is still in its infancy. This paper aims at classifying the TCP network traffic as an attack or normal using HMM. The paper's main objective is to build an anomaly detection system, a predictive model capable of discriminating between normal and abnormal behavior of network traffic. In the training phase, special attention is given to the initialization and model selection issues, which makes the training phase particularly effective. For training HMM, 12.195% features out of the total features (5 features out of 41 features) present in the KDD Cup 1999 data set are used. Result of tests on the KDD Cup 1999 data set shows that the proposed system is able to classify network traffic in proportion to the number of features used for training HMM. We are extending our work on a larger data set for building an anomaly detection system.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "c82f4117c7c96d0650eff810f539c424",
"text": "The Stock Market is known for its volatile and unstable nature. A particular stock could be thriving in one period and declining in the next. Stock traders make money from buying equity when they are at their lowest and selling when they are at their highest. The logical question would be: \"What Causes Stock Prices To Change?\". At the most fundamental level, the answer to this would be the demand and supply. In reality, there are many theories as to why stock prices fluctuate, but there is no generic theory that explains all, simply because not all stocks are identical, and one theory that may apply for today, may not necessarily apply for tomorrow. This paper covers various approaches taken to attempt to predict the stock market without extensive prior knowledge or experience in the subject area, highlighting the advantages and limitations of the different techniques such as regression and classification. We formulate both short term and long term predictions. Through experimentation we achieve 81% accuracy for future trend direction using classification, 0.0117 RMSE for next day price and 0.0613 RMSE for next day change in price using regression techniques. The results obtained in this paper are achieved using only historic prices and technical indicators. Various methods, tools and evaluation techniques will be assessed throughout the course of this paper, the result of this contributes as to which techniques will be selected and enhanced in the final artefact of a stock prediction model. Further work will be conducted utilising deep learning techniques to approach the problem. This paper will serve as a preliminary guide to researchers wishing to expose themselves to this area.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "5c3ae59522d549bed4c059a11b9724c6",
"text": "The chemokine receptor CCR7 drives leukocyte migration into and within lymph nodes (LNs). It is activated by chemokines CCL19 and CCL21, which are scavenged by the atypical chemokine receptor ACKR4. CCR7-dependent navigation is determined by the distribution of extracellular CCL19 and CCL21, which form concentration gradients at specific microanatomical locations. The mechanisms underpinning the establishment and regulation of these gradients are poorly understood. In this article, we have incorporated multiple biochemical processes describing the CCL19-CCL21-CCR7-ACKR4 network into our model of LN fluid flow to establish a computational model to investigate intranodal chemokine gradients. Importantly, the model recapitulates CCL21 gradients observed experimentally in B cell follicles and interfollicular regions, building confidence in its ability to accurately predict intranodal chemokine distribution. Parameter variation analysis indicates that the directionality of these gradients is robust, but their magnitude is sensitive to these key parameters: chemokine production, diffusivity, matrix binding site availability, and CCR7 abundance. The model indicates that lymph flow shapes intranodal CCL21 gradients, and that CCL19 is functionally important at the boundary between B cell follicles and the T cell area. It also predicts that ACKR4 in LNs prevents CCL19/CCL21 accumulation in efferent lymph, but does not control intranodal gradients. Instead, it attributes the disrupted interfollicular CCL21 gradients observed in Ackr4-deficient LNs to ACKR4 loss upstream. Our novel approach has therefore generated new testable hypotheses and alternative interpretations of experimental data. Moreover, it acts as a framework to investigate gradients at other locations, including those that cannot be visualized experimentally or involve other chemokines.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "4e182b30dcbc156e2237e7d1d22d5c93",
"text": "A brain-computer interface (BCI) based on real-time functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is presented which allows human subjects to observe and control changes of their own blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) response. This BCI performs data preprocessing (including linear trend removal, 3D motion correction) and statistical analysis on-line. Local BOLD signals are continuously fed back to the subject in the magnetic resonance scanner with a delay of less than 2 s from image acquisition. The mean signal of a region of interest is plotted as a time-series superimposed on color-coded stripes which indicate the task, i.e., to increase or decrease the BOLD signal. We exemplify the presented BCI with one volunteer intending to control the signal of the rostral-ventral and dorsal part of the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). The subject achieved significant changes of local BOLD responses as revealed by region of interest analysis and statistical parametric maps. The percent signal change increased across fMRI-feedback sessions suggesting a learning effect with training. This methodology of fMRI-feedback can assess voluntary control of circumscribed brain areas. As a further extension, behavioral effects of local self-regulation become accessible as a new field of research.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "c8b9efec71a72a1d0f0fc7170efba61d",
"text": "Microorganisms present in our oral cavity which are called the human micro flora attach to our tooth surfaces and develop biofilms. In maximum organic habitats microorganisms generally prevail as multispecies biolfilms with the help of intercellular interactions and communications among them which are the main keys for their endurance. These biofilms are formed by initial attachment of bacteria to a surface, development of a multi –dimensional complex structure and detachment to progress other site. The best example of biofilm formation is dental plaque. Plaque formation can lead to dental caries and other associated diseases causing tooth loss. Many different bacteria are involved in these processes and one among them is Streptococcus mutans which is the principle and the most important agent. When these infections become severe, during the treatment the bacterium can enter the bloodstream from the oral cavity and cause endocarditis. The oral bacterium S. mutans is greatly skilled in its mechanical modes of carbohydrate absorption. It also synthesizes polysaccharides that are present in dental plaque causing caries. As dental caries is a preventable disease major distinct approaches for its prevention are: carbohydrate diet, sugar substitutes, mechanical cleaning techniques, use of fluorides, antimicrobial agents, fissure sealants, vaccines, probiotics, replacement theory and dairy products and at the same time for tooth remineralization fluorides and casein phosphopeptides are extensively employed. The aim of this review article is to put forth the general features of the bacterium S.mutans and how it is involved in certain diseases like: dental plaque, dental caries and endocarditis.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "8077eb57c4232bc7e502f864f659ee7b",
"text": "Sex based differences in immune responses, affecting both the innate and adaptive immune responses, contribute to differences in the pathogenesis of infectious diseases in males and females, the response to viral vaccines and the prevalence of autoimmune diseases. Indeed, females have a lower burden of bacterial, viral and parasitic infections, most evident during their reproductive years. Conversely, females have a higher prevalence of a number of autoimmune diseases, including Sjogren's syndrome, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), scleroderma, rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and multiple sclerosis (MS). These observations suggest that gonadal hormones may have a role in this sex differential. The fundamental differences in the immune systems of males and females are attributed not only to differences in sex hormones, but are related to X chromosome gene contributions and the effects of environmental factors. A comprehensive understanding of the role that sex plays in the immune response is required for therapeutic intervention strategies against infections and the development of appropriate and effective therapies for autoimmune diseases for both males and females. This review will focus on the differences between male and female immune responses in terms of innate and adaptive immunity, and the effects of sex hormones in SLE, MS and RA.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "6ed4d5ae29eef70f5aae76ebed76b8ca",
"text": "Web services that thrive on mining user interaction data such as search engines can currently track clicks and mouse cursor activity on their Web pages. Cursor interaction mining has been shown to assist in user modeling and search result relevance, and is becoming another source of rich information that data scientists and search engineers can tap into. Due to the growing popularity of touch-enabled mobile devices, search systems may turn to tracking touch interactions in place of cursor interactions. However, unlike cursor interactions, touch interactions are difficult to record reliably and their coordinates have not been shown to relate to regions of user interest. A better approach may be to track the viewport coordinates instead, which the user must manipulate to view the content on a mobile device. These recorded viewport coordinates can potentially reveal what regions of the page interest users and to what degree. Using this information, search system can then improve the design of their pages or use this information in click models or learning to rank systems. In this position paper, we discuss some of the challenges faced in mining interaction data for new modes of interaction, and future research directions in this field.",
"title": ""
}
] | scidocsrr |
d7f41168e016d53e714ede27eb6a19ba | Characteristics of knowledge, people engaged in knowledge transfer and knowledge stickiness: evidence from Chinese R&D team | [
{
"docid": "adcaa15fd8f1e7887a05d3cb1cd47183",
"text": "The dynamic capabilities framework analyzes the sources and methods of wealth creation and capture by private enterprise firms operating in environments of rapid technological change. The competitive advantage of firms is seen as resting on distinctive processes (ways of coordinating and combining), shaped by the firm's (specific) asset positions (such as the firm's portfolio of difftcult-to-trade knowledge assets and complementary assets), and the evolution path(s) it has aflopted or inherited. The importance of path dependencies is amplified where conditions of increasing retums exist. Whether and how a firm's competitive advantage is eroded depends on the stability of market demand, and the ease of replicability (expanding intemally) and imitatability (replication by competitors). If correct, the framework suggests that private wealth creation in regimes of rapid technological change depends in large measure on honing intemal technological, organizational, and managerial processes inside the firm. In short, identifying new opportunities and organizing effectively and efficiently to embrace them are generally more fundamental to private wealth creation than is strategizing, if by strategizing one means engaging in business conduct that keeps competitors off balance, raises rival's costs, and excludes new entrants. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "cbf878cd5fbf898bdf88a2fcf5024826",
"text": "Hypotheses involving mediation are common in the behavioral sciences. Mediation exists when a predictor affects a dependent variable indirectly through at least one intervening variable, or mediator. Methods to assess mediation involving multiple simultaneous mediators have received little attention in the methodological literature despite a clear need. We provide an overview of simple and multiple mediation and explore three approaches that can be used to investigate indirect processes, as well as methods for contrasting two or more mediators within a single model. We present an illustrative example, assessing and contrasting potential mediators of the relationship between the helpfulness of socialization agents and job satisfaction. We also provide SAS and SPSS macros, as well as Mplus and LISREL syntax, to facilitate the use of these methods in applications.",
"title": ""
}
] | [
{
"docid": "8788f14a2615f3065f4f0656a4a66592",
"text": "The ability to communicate in natural language has long been considered a defining characteristic of human intelligence. Furthermore, we hold our ability to express ideas in writing as a pinnacle of this uniquely human language facility—it defies formulaic or algorithmic specification. So it comes as no surprise that attempts to devise computer programs that evaluate writing are often met with resounding skepticism. Nevertheless, automated writing-evaluation systems might provide precisely the platforms we need to elucidate many of the features that characterize good and bad writing, and many of the linguistic, cognitive, and other skills that underlie the human capacity for both reading and writing. Using computers to increase our understanding of the textual features and cognitive skills involved in creating and comprehending written text will have clear benefits. It will help us develop more effective instructional materials for improving reading, writing, and other human communication abilities. It will also help us develop more effective technologies, such as search engines and questionanswering systems, for providing universal access to electronic information. A sketch of the brief history of automated writing-evaluation research and its future directions might lend some credence to this argument.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "d6e565c0123049b9e11692b713674ccf",
"text": "Now days many research is going on for text summari zation. Because of increasing information in the internet, these kind of research are gaining more a nd more attention among the researchers. Extractive text summarization generates a brief summary by extracti ng proper set of sentences from a document or multi ple documents by deep learning. The whole concept is to reduce or minimize the important information prese nt in the documents. The procedure is manipulated by Rest rict d Boltzmann Machine (RBM) algorithm for better efficiency by removing redundant sentences. The res tricted Boltzmann machine is a graphical model for binary random variables. It consist of three layers input, hidden and output layer. The input data uni formly distributed in the hidden layer for operation. The experimentation is carried out and the summary is g enerated for three different document set from different kno wledge domain. The f-measure value is the identifie r to the performance of the proposed text summarization meth od. The top responses of the three different knowle dge domain in accordance with the f-measure are 0.85, 1 .42 and 1.97 respectively for the three document se t.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "71ac262257aacc838b2027fe061a2f56",
"text": "In Part I of this paper, a novel motion simulator platform is presented, the DLR Robot Motion Simulator with 7 degrees of freedom (DOF). In this Part II, a path-planning algorithm for mentioned platform will be discussed. By replacing the widely used hexapod kinematics by an antropomorhic, industrial robot arm mounted on a standard linear axis, a comparably larger workspace at lower hardware costs can be achieved. But the serial, redundant kinematics of the industrial robot system also introduces challenges for the path-planning as singularities in the workspace, varying movability of the system and the handling of robot system's kinematical redundancy. By solving an optimization problem with constraints in every sampling step, a feasible trajectory can be generated, fulfilling the task of motion cueing, while respecting the robot's dynamic constraints.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "02d8c55750904b7f4794139bcfa51693",
"text": "BACKGROUND\nMore than one-third of deaths during the first five years of life are attributed to undernutrition, which are mostly preventable through economic development and public health measures. To alleviate this problem, it is necessary to determine the nature, magnitude and determinants of undernutrition. However, there is lack of evidence in agro-pastoralist communities like Bule Hora district. Therefore, this study assessed magnitude and factors associated with undernutrition in children who are 6-59 months of age in agro-pastoral community of Bule Hora District, South Ethiopia.\n\n\nMETHODS\nA community based cross-sectional study design was used to assess the magnitude and factors associated with undernutrition in children between 6-59 months. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data from 796 children paired with their mothers. Anthropometric measurements and determinant factors were collected. SPSS version 16.0 statistical software was used for analysis. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify factors associated to nutritional status of the children Statistical association was declared significant if p-value was less than 0.05.\n\n\nRESULTS\nAmong study participants, 47.6%, 29.2% and 13.4% of them were stunted, underweight, and wasted respectively. Presence of diarrhea in the past two weeks, male sex, uneducated fathers and > 4 children ever born to a mother were significantly associated with being underweight. Presence of diarrhea in the past two weeks, male sex and pre-lacteal feeding were significantly associated with stunting. Similarly, presence of diarrhea in the past two weeks, age at complementary feed was started and not using family planning methods were associated to wasting.\n\n\nCONCLUSION\nUndernutrition is very common in under-five children of Bule Hora district. Factors associated to nutritional status of children in agro-pastoralist are similar to the agrarian community. Diarrheal morbidity was associated with all forms of Protein energy malnutrition. Family planning utilization decreases the risk of stunting and underweight. Feeding practices (pre-lacteal feeding and complementary feeding practice) were also related to undernutrition. Thus, nutritional intervention program in Bule Hora district in Ethiopia should focus on these factors.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "06e708b307a0518ec681e8a6d272d558",
"text": "Augmented reality (AR) in surgery consists in the fusion of synthetic computer-generated images (3D virtual model) obtained from medical imaging preoperative workup and real-time patient images in order to visualize unapparent anatomical details. The 3D model could be used for a preoperative planning of the procedure. The potential of AR navigation as a tool to improve safety of the surgical dissection is outlined for robotic hepatectomy. Three patients underwent a fully robotic and AR-assisted hepatic segmentectomy. The 3D virtual anatomical model was obtained using a thoracoabdominal CT scan with a customary software (VR-RENDER®, IRCAD). The model was then processed using a VR-RENDER® plug-in application, the Virtual Surgical Planning (VSP®, IRCAD), to delineate surgical resection planes including the elective ligature of vascular structures. Deformations associated with pneumoperitoneum were also simulated. The virtual model was superimposed to the operative field. A computer scientist manually registered virtual and real images using a video mixer (MX 70; Panasonic, Secaucus, NJ) in real time. Two totally robotic AR segmentectomy V and one segmentectomy VI were performed. AR allowed for the precise and safe recognition of all major vascular structures during the procedure. Total time required to obtain AR was 8 min (range 6–10 min). Each registration (alignment of the vascular anatomy) required a few seconds. Hepatic pedicle clamping was never performed. At the end of the procedure, the remnant liver was correctly vascularized. Resection margins were negative in all cases. The postoperative period was uneventful without perioperative transfusion. AR is a valuable navigation tool which may enhance the ability to achieve safe surgical resection during robotic hepatectomy.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "4a6ee237d0ebebce741e40279009a333",
"text": "This paper describes the latest version of the ABC metadata model. This model has been developed within the Harmony international digital library project to provide a common conceptual model to facilitate interoperability between metadata vocabularies from different domains. This updated ABC model is the result of collaboration with the CIMI consortium whereby earlier versions of the ABC model were applied to metadata descriptions of complex objects provided by CIMI museums and libraries. The result is a metadata model with more logically grounded time and entity semantics. Based on this model we have been able to build a metadata repository of RDF descriptions and a search interface which is capable of more sophisticated queries than less-expressive, object-centric metadata models will allow.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "75aa71e270d85df73fa97336d2a6b713",
"text": "Designing powerful tools that support cooking activities has rapidly gained popularity due to the massive amounts of available data, as well as recent advances in machine learning that are capable of analyzing them. In this paper, we propose a cross-modal retrieval model aligning visual and textual data (like pictures of dishes and their recipes) in a shared representation space. We describe an effective learning scheme, capable of tackling large-scale problems, and validate it on the Recipe1M dataset containing nearly 1 million picture-recipe pairs. We show the effectiveness of our approach regarding previous state-of-the-art models and present qualitative results over computational cooking use cases.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "d0b29493c64e787ed88ad8166d691c3d",
"text": "Mobile apps have to satisfy various privacy requirements. Notably, app publishers are often obligated to provide a privacy policy and notify users of their apps’ privacy practices. But how can a user tell whether an app behaves as its policy promises? In this study we introduce a scalable system to help analyze and predict Android apps’ compliance with privacy requirements. We discuss how we customized our system in a collaboration with the California Office of the Attorney General. Beyond its use by regulators and activists our system is also meant to assist app publishers and app store owners in their internal assessments of privacy requirement compliance. Our analysis of 17,991 free Android apps shows the viability of combining machine learning-based privacy policy analysis with static code analysis of apps. Results suggest that 71% of apps tha lack a privacy policy should have one. Also, for 9,050 apps that have a policy, we find many instances of potential inconsistencies between what the app policy seems to state and what the code of the app appears to do. In particular, as many as 41% of these apps could be collecting location information and 17% could be sharing such with third parties without disclosing so in their policies. Overall, each app exhibits a mean of 1.83 potential privacy requirement inconsistencies.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "8c864e944afa69696cfb4f87c4344a07",
"text": "In this study, we examined physician acceptance behavior of the electronic medical record (EMR) exchange. Although several prior studies have focused on factors that affect the adoption or use of EMRs, empirical study that captures the success factors that encourage physicians to adopt the EMR exchange is limited. Therefore, drawing on institutional trust integrated with the decomposed theory of planned behavior (TPB) model, we propose a theoretical model to examine physician intentions of using the EMR exchange. A field survey was conducted in Taiwan to collect data from physicians. Structural equation modeling (SEM) using the partial least squares (PLS) method was employed to test the research model. The results showed that the usage intention of physicians is significantly influenced by 4 factors (i.e., attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavior control, and institutional trust). These 4 factors were assessed by their perceived usefulness and compatibility, facilitating conditions and self-efficacy, situational normality, and structural assurance, respectively. The results also indicated that institutional trust integrated with the decomposed TPB model provides an improved method for predicting physician intentions to use the EMR exchange. Finally, the implications of this study are discussed.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "d5955aa10ee95527bd7a3d13479d4018",
"text": "As urbanisation increases globally and the natural environment becomes increasingly fragmented, the importance of urban green spaces for biodiversity conservation grows. In many countries, private gardens are a major component of urban green space and can provide considerable biodiversity benefits. Gardens and adjacent habitats form interconnected networks and a landscape ecology framework is necessary to understand the relationship between the spatial configuration of garden patches and their constituent biodiversity. A scale-dependent tension is apparent in garden management, whereby the individual garden is much smaller than the unit of management needed to retain viable populations. To overcome this, here we suggest mechanisms for encouraging 'wildlife-friendly' management of collections of gardens across scales from the neighbourhood to the city.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "6478097f207482543c0db12b518be82b",
"text": "What is a good test case? One that reveals potential defects with good cost-effectiveness. We provide a generic model of faults and failures, formalize it, and present its various methodological usages for test case generation.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "0e803e853422328aeef59e426410df48",
"text": "We present WatchWriter, a finger operated keyboard that supports both touch and gesture typing with statistical decoding on a smartwatch. Just like on modern smartphones, users type one letter per tap or one word per gesture stroke on WatchWriter but in a much smaller spatial scale. WatchWriter demonstrates that human motor control adaptability, coupled with modern statistical decoding and error correction technologies developed for smartphones, can enable a surprisingly effective typing performance despite the small watch size. In a user performance experiment entirely run on a smartwatch, 36 participants reached a speed of 22-24 WPM with near zero error rate.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "1e972c454587c5a3b24386f2b6ffc8fa",
"text": "Three classic cases and one exceptional case are reported. The unique case of decapitation took place in a traffic accident, while the others were seen after homicide, vehicle-assisted suicide, and after long-jump hanging. Thorough scene examinations were performed, and photographs from the scene were available in all cases. Through the autopsy of each case, the mechanism for the decapitation in each case was revealed. The severance lines were through the neck and the cervical vertebral column, except for in the motor vehicle accident case, where the base of skull was fractured. This case was also unusual as the mechanism was blunt force. In the homicide case, the mechanism was the use of a knife combined with a saw, while in the two last cases, a ligature made the cut through the neck. The different mechanisms in these decapitations are suggested.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "d4ac52a52e780184359289ecb41e321e",
"text": "Interleaving is an increasingly popular technique for evaluating information retrieval systems based on implicit user feedback. While a number of isolated studies have analyzed how this technique agrees with conventional offline evaluation approaches and other online techniques, a complete picture of its efficiency and effectiveness is still lacking. In this paper we extend and combine the body of empirical evidence regarding interleaving, and provide a comprehensive analysis of interleaving using data from two major commercial search engines and a retrieval system for scientific literature. In particular, we analyze the agreement of interleaving with manual relevance judgments and observational implicit feedback measures, estimate the statistical efficiency of interleaving, and explore the relative performance of different interleaving variants. We also show how to learn improved credit-assignment functions for clicks that further increase the sensitivity of interleaving.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "1547a67fd88ac720f4521a206a26dff3",
"text": "A core business in the fashion industry is the understanding and prediction of customer needs and trends. Search engines and social networks are at the same time a fundamental bridge and a costly middleman between the customer’s purchase intention and the retailer. To better exploit Europe’s distinctive characteristics e.g., multiple languages, fashion and cultural differences, it is pivotal to reduce retailers’ dependence to search engines. This goal can be achieved by harnessing various data channels (manufacturers and distribution networks, online shops, large retailers, social media, market observers, call centers, press/magazines etc.) that retailers can leverage in order to gain more insight about potential buyers, and on the industry trends as a whole. This can enable the creation of novel on-line shopping experiences, the detection of influencers, and the prediction of upcoming fashion trends. In this paper, we provide an overview of the main research challenges and an analysis of the most promising technological solutions that we are investigating in the FashionBrain project.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "5dce9f3c1ec0cb65ec98c9c5ecdaf549",
"text": "As organizational environments become more global, dynamic, and competitive, contradictory demands intensify. To understand and explain such tensions, academics and practitioners are increasingly adopting a paradox lens. We review the paradox literature, categorizing types and highlighting fundamental debates. We then present a dynamic equilibrium model of organizing, which depicts how cyclical responses to paradoxical tensions enable sustainability—peak performance in the present that enables success in the future. This review and the model provide the foundation of a theory of paradox.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "909d9d1b9054586afc4b303e94acae73",
"text": "Humans learn to solve tasks of increasing complexity by building on top of previously acquired knowledge. Typically, there exists a natural progression in the tasks that we learn – most do not require completely independent solutions, but can be broken down into simpler subtasks. We propose to represent a solver for each task as a neural module that calls existing modules (solvers for simpler tasks) in a program-like manner. Lower modules are a black box to the calling module, and communicate only via a query and an output. Thus, a module for a new task learns to query existing modules and composes their outputs in order to produce its own output. Each module also contains a residual component that learns to solve aspects of the new task that lower modules cannot solve. Our model effectively combines previous skill-sets, does not suffer from forgetting, and is fully differentiable. We test our model in learning a set of visual reasoning tasks, and demonstrate state-ofthe-art performance in Visual Question Answering, the highest-level task in our task set. By evaluating the reasoning process using non-expert human judges, we show that our model is more interpretable than an attention-based baseline.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "1d1fdf869a30a8ba9437e3b18bc8c872",
"text": "Automated nuclear detection is a critical step for a number of computer assisted pathology related image analysis algorithms such as for automated grading of breast cancer tissue specimens. The Nottingham Histologic Score system is highly correlated with the shape and appearance of breast cancer nuclei in histopathological images. However, automated nucleus detection is complicated by 1) the large number of nuclei and the size of high resolution digitized pathology images, and 2) the variability in size, shape, appearance, and texture of the individual nuclei. Recently there has been interest in the application of “Deep Learning” strategies for classification and analysis of big image data. Histopathology, given its size and complexity, represents an excellent use case for application of deep learning strategies. In this paper, a Stacked Sparse Autoencoder (SSAE), an instance of a deep learning strategy, is presented for efficient nuclei detection on high-resolution histopathological images of breast cancer. The SSAE learns high-level features from just pixel intensities alone in order to identify distinguishing features of nuclei. A sliding window operation is applied to each image in order to represent image patches via high-level features obtained via the auto-encoder, which are then subsequently fed to a classifier which categorizes each image patch as nuclear or non-nuclear. Across a cohort of 500 histopathological images (2200 × 2200) and approximately 3500 manually segmented individual nuclei serving as the groundtruth, SSAE was shown to have an improved F-measure 84.49% and an average area under Precision-Recall curve (AveP) 78.83%. The SSAE approach also out-performed nine other state of the art nuclear detection strategies.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "951ad18af2b3c9b0ca06147b0c804f65",
"text": "Food photos are widely used in food logs for diet monitoring and in social networks to share social and gastronomic experiences. A large number of these images are taken in restaurants. Dish recognition in general is very challenging, due to different cuisines, cooking styles, and the intrinsic difficulty of modeling food from its visual appearance. However, contextual knowledge can be crucial to improve recognition in such scenario. In particular, geocontext has been widely exploited for outdoor landmark recognition. Similarly, we exploit knowledge about menus and location of restaurants and test images. We first adapt a framework based on discarding unlikely categories located far from the test image. Then, we reformulate the problem using a probabilistic model connecting dishes, restaurants, and locations. We apply that model in three different tasks: dish recognition, restaurant recognition, and location refinement. Experiments on six datasets show that by integrating multiple evidences (visual, location, and external knowledge) our system can boost the performance in all tasks.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "f0ea768c020a99ac3ed144b76893dbd9",
"text": "This paper focuses on tracking dynamic targets using a low cost, commercially available drone. The approach presented utilizes a computationally simple potential field controller expanded to operate not only on relative positions, but also relative velocities. A brief background on potential field methods is given, and the design and implementation of the proposed controller is presented. Experimental results using an external motion capture system for localization demonstrate the ability of the drone to track a dynamic target in real time as well as avoid obstacles in its way.",
"title": ""
}
] | scidocsrr |
57a18a8a899b95092f68ebc9351a9765 | Bandwidth Enhancement of Small-Size Planar Tablet Computer Antenna Using a Parallel-Resonant Spiral Slit | [
{
"docid": "75d486862b8d9eca63502ac6cbb936dc",
"text": "A coupled-fed shorted monopole with its feed structure as an effective radiator for eight-band LTE/WWAN (LTE700/GSM850/900/1800/ 1900/UMTS/LTE2300/2500) operation in the laptop computer is presented. The radiating feed structure capacitively excites the shorted monopole. The feed structure mainly comprises a long feeding strip and a loop feed therein. The loop feed is formed at the front section of the feeding strip and connected to a 50-Ω mini-cable to feed the antenna. Both the feeding strip and loop feed contribute wideband resonant modes to combine with those generated by the shorted monopole for the desired eight-band operation. The antenna size above the top shielding metal wall of the laptop display is 4 × 10 × 80 mm3 and is suitable to be embedded inside the casing of the laptop computer. The proposed antenna is fabricated and tested, and good radiation performances of the fabricated antenna are obtained.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "bc69fe2a1791b8d7e0e262f8110df9d4",
"text": "A small-size coupled-fed loop antenna suitable to be printed on the system circuit board of the mobile phone for penta-band WWAN operation (824-960/1710-2170 MHz) is presented. The loop antenna requires only a small footprint of 15 x 25 mm2 on the circuit board, and it can also be in close proximity to the surrounding ground plane printed on the circuit board. That is, very small or no isolation distance is required between the antenna's radiating portion and the nearby ground plane. This can lead to compact integration of the internal on-board printed antenna on the circuit board of the mobile phone, especially the slim mobile phone. The loop antenna also shows a simple structure; it is formed by a loop strip of about 87 mm with its end terminal short-circuited to the ground plane and its front section capacitively coupled to a feeding strip which is also an efficient radiator to contribute a resonant mode for the antenna's upper band to cover the GSM1800/1900/UMTS bands (1710-2170 MHz). Through the coupling excitation, the antenna can also generate a 0.25-wavelength loop resonant mode to form the antenna's lower band to cover the GSM850/900 bands (824-960 MHz). Details of the proposed antenna are presented. The SAR results for the antenna with the presence of the head and hand phantoms are also studied.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "7cc3d7722f978545a6735ae4982ffc62",
"text": "A multiband printed monopole slot antenna promising for operating as an internal antenna in the thin-profile laptop computer for wireless wide area network (WWAN) operation is presented. The proposed antenna is formed by three monopole slots operated at their quarter-wavelength modes and arranged in a compact planar configuration. A step-shaped microstrip feedline is applied to excite the three monopole slots at their respective optimal feeding position, and two wide operating bands at about 900 and 1900 MHz are obtained for the antenna to cover all the five operating bands of GSM850/900/1800/1900/UMTS for WWAN operation. The antenna is easily printed on a small-size FR4 substrate and shows a length of 60 mm only and a height of 12 mm when mounted at the top edge of the system ground plane or supporting metal frame of the laptop display. Details of the proposed antenna are presented and studied.",
"title": ""
}
] | [
{
"docid": "ef44e3456962ed4a857614b0782ed4d2",
"text": "A sketching system for spline-based free-form surfaces on the Responsive Workbench is presented. We propose 3D tools for curve drawing and deformation techniques for curves and surfaces, adapted to the needs of designers. The user directly draws curves in the virtual environment, using a tracked stylus as an input device. A curve network can be formed, describing the skeleton of a virtual model. The non-dominant hand positions and orients the model while the dominant hand uses the editing tools. The curves and the resulting skinning surfaces can interactively be deformed.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "fc62b094df3093528c6846e405f55e39",
"text": "Correctly classifying a skin lesion is one of the first steps towards treatment. We propose a novel convolutional neural network (CNN) architecture for skin lesion classification designed to learn based on information from multiple image resolutions while leveraging pretrained CNNs. While traditional CNNs are generally trained on a single resolution image, our CNN is composed of multiple tracts, where each tract analyzes the image at a different resolution simultaneously and learns interactions across multiple image resolutions using the same field-of-view. We convert a CNN, pretrained on a single resolution, to work for multi-resolution input. The entire network is fine-tuned in a fully learned end-to-end optimization with auxiliary loss functions. We show how our proposed novel multi-tract network yields higher classification accuracy, outperforming state-of-the-art multi-scale approaches when compared over a public skin lesion dataset.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "6080612b8858d633c3f63a3d019aef58",
"text": "Color images provide large information for human visual perception compared to grayscale images. Color image enhancement methods enhance the visual data to increase the clarity of the color image. It increases human perception of information. Different color image contrast enhancement methods are used to increase the contrast of the color images. The Retinex algorithms enhance the color images similar to the scene perceived by the human eye. Multiscale retinex with color restoration (MSRCR) is a type of retinex algorithm. The MSRCR algorithm results in graying out and halo artifacts at the edges of the images. So here the focus is on improving the MSRCR algorithm by combining it with contrast limited adaptive histogram equalization (CLAHE) using image.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "3e9aa3bcc728f8d735f6b02e0d7f0502",
"text": "Linda Marion is a doctoral student at Drexel University. E-mail: Linda.Marion@drexel.edu. Abstract This exploratory study examined 250 online academic librarian employment ads posted during 2000 to determine current requirements for technologically oriented jobs. A content analysis software program was used to categorize the specific skills and characteristics listed in the ads. The results were analyzed using multivariate analysis (cluster analysis and multidimensional scaling). The results, displayed in a three-dimensional concept map, indicate 19 categories comprised of both computer related skills and behavioral characteristics that can be interpreted along three continua: (1) technical skills to people skills; (2) long-established technologies and behaviors to emerging trends; (3) technical service competencies to public service competencies. There was no identifiable “digital librarian” category.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "eb1045f1e85d7197a2952c6580604f75",
"text": "There's a large push toward offering solutions and services in the cloud due to its numerous advantages. However, there are no clear guidelines for designing and deploying cloud solutions that can seamlessly operate to handle Web-scale traffic. The authors review industry best practices and identify principles for operating Web-scale cloud solutions by deriving design patterns that enable each principle in cloud solutions. In addition, using a seemingly straightforward cloud service as an example, they explain the application of the identified patterns.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "10b4d77741d40a410b30b0ba01fae67f",
"text": "While glucosamine supplementation is very common and a multitude of commercial products are available, there is currently limited information available to assist the equine practitioner in deciding when and how to use these products. Low bioavailability of orally administered glucosamine, poor product quality, low recommended doses, and a lack of scientific evidence showing efficacy of popular oral joint supplements are major concerns. Authors’ addresses: Rolling Thunder Veterinary Services, 225 Roxbury Road, Garden City, NY 11530 (Oke); Ontario Veterinary College, Department of Clinical Studies, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 2W1 (Weese); e-mail: rollingthunder@optonline.net (Oke). © 2006 AAEP.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "bd5b8680feac7b5ff806a6a40b9f73ae",
"text": "Human variation in content selection in summarization has given rise to some fundamental research questions: How can one incorporate the observed variation in suitable evaluation measures? How can such measures reflect the fact that summaries conveying different content can be equally good and informative? In this article, we address these very questions by proposing a method for analysis of multiple human abstracts into semantic content units. Such analysis allows us not only to quantify human variation in content selection, but also to assign empirical importance weight to different content units. It serves as the basis for an evaluation method, the Pyramid Method, that incorporates the observed variation and is predictive of different equally informative summaries. We discuss the reliability of content unit annotation, the properties of Pyramid scores, and their correlation with other evaluation methods.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "def6cd29f4679acdc7d944d9a7e734e4",
"text": "Question Answering (QA) is one of the most challenging and crucial tasks in Natural Language Processing (NLP) that has a wide range of applications in various domains, such as information retrieval and entity extraction. Traditional methods involve linguistically based NLP techniques, and recent researchers apply Deep Learning on this task and have achieved promising result. In this paper, we combined Dynamic Coattention Network (DCN) [1] and bilateral multiperspective matching (BiMPM) model [2], achieved an F1 score of 63.8% and exact match (EM) of 52.3% on test set.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "e4f4fe27fff75bd7ed079f3094deaedb",
"text": "This paper considers the scenario that multiple data owners wish to apply a machine learning method over the combined dataset of all owners to obtain the best possible learning output but do not want to share the local datasets owing to privacy concerns. We design systems for the scenario that the stochastic gradient descent (SGD) algorithm is used as the machine learning method because SGD (or its variants) is at the heart of recent deep learning techniques over neural networks. Our systems differ from existing systems in the following features: (1) any activation function can be used, meaning that no privacy-preserving-friendly approximation is required; (2) gradients computed by SGD are not shared but the weight parameters are shared instead; and (3) robustness against colluding parties even in the extreme case that only one honest party exists. We prove that our systems, while privacy-preserving, achieve the same learning accuracy as SGD and hence retain the merit of deep learning with respect to accuracy. Finally, we conduct several experiments using benchmark datasets, and show that our systems outperform previous system in terms of learning accuracies. keywords: privacy preservation, stochastic gradient descent, distributed trainers, neural networks.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "98ce0c1bc955b7aa64e1820b56a1be6c",
"text": "Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) have attracted special interest during last few decades. Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) and nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) are two major types of Lipid-based nanoparticles. SLNs were developed to overcome the limitations of other colloidal carriers, such as emulsions, liposomes and polymeric nanoparticles because they have advantages like good release profile and targeted drug delivery with excellent physical stability. In the next generation of the lipid nanoparticle, NLCs are modified SLNs which improve the stability and capacity loading. Three structural models of NLCs have been proposed. These LNPs have potential applications in drug delivery field, research, cosmetics, clinical medicine, etc. This article focuses on features, structure and innovation of LNPs and presents a wide discussion about preparation methods, advantages, disadvantages and applications of LNPs by focusing on SLNs and NLCs.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "1d1e89d6f1db290f01d296394d03a71b",
"text": "Ontology mapping is seen as a solution provider in today’s landscape of ontology research. As the number of ontologies that are made publicly available and accessible on the Web increases steadily, so does the need for applications to use them. A single ontology is no longer enough to support the tasks envisaged by a distributed environment like the Semantic Web. Multiple ontologies need to be accessed from several applications. Mapping could provide a common layer from which several ontologies could be accessed and hence could exchange information in semantically sound manners. Developing such mappings has been the focus of a variety of works originating from diverse communities over a number of years. In this article we comprehensively review and present these works. We also provide insights on the pragmatics of ontology mapping and elaborate on a theoretical approach for defining ontology mapping.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "722a2b6f773473d032d202ce7aded43c",
"text": "Detection of skin cancer in the earlier stage is very Important and critical. In recent days, skin cancer is seen as one of the most Hazardous form of the Cancers found in Humans. Skin cancer is found in various types such as Melanoma, Basal and Squamous cell Carcinoma among which Melanoma is the most unpredictable. The detection of Melanoma cancer in early stage can be helpful to cure it. Computer vision can play important role in Medical Image Diagnosis and it has been proved by many existing systems. In this paper, we present a computer aided method for the detection of Melanoma Skin Cancer using Image processing tools. The input to the system is the skin lesion image and then by applying novel image processing techniques, it analyses it to conclude about the presence of skin cancer. The Lesion Image analysis tools checks for the various Melanoma parameters Like Asymmetry, Border, Colour, Diameter, (ABCD) etc. by texture, size and shape analysis for image segmentation and feature stages. The extracted feature parameters are used to classify the image as Normal skin and Melanoma cancer lesion.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "57d40d18977bc332ba16fce1c3cf5a66",
"text": "Deep neural networks are now rivaling human accuracy in several pattern recognition problems. Compared to traditional classifiers, where features are handcrafted, neural networks learn increasingly complex features directly from the data. Instead of handcrafting the features, it is now the network architecture that is manually engineered. The network architecture parameters such as the number of layers or the number of filters per layer and their interconnections are essential for good performance. Even though basic design guidelines exist, designing a neural network is an iterative trial-and-error process that takes days or even weeks to perform due to the large datasets used for training. In this paper, we present DeepEyes, a Progressive Visual Analytics system that supports the design of neural networks during training. We present novel visualizations, supporting the identification of layers that learned a stable set of patterns and, therefore, are of interest for a detailed analysis. The system facilitates the identification of problems, such as superfluous filters or layers, and information that is not being captured by the network. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our system through multiple use cases, showing how a trained network can be compressed, reshaped and adapted to different problems.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "4519e039416fe4548e08a15b30b8a14f",
"text": "The R-tree, one of the most popular access methods for rectangles, is based on the heuristic optimization of the area of the enclosing rectangle in each inner node. By running numerous experiments in a standardized testbed under highly varying data, queries and operations, we were able to design the R*-tree which incorporates a combined optimization of area, margin and overlap of each enclosing rectangle in the directory. Using our standardized testbed in an exhaustive performance comparison, it turned out that the R*-tree clearly outperforms the existing R-tree variants. Guttman's linear and quadratic R-tree and Greene's variant of the R-tree. This superiority of the R*-tree holds for different types of queries and operations, such as map overlay, for both rectangles and multidimensional points in all experiments. From a practical point of view the R*-tree is very attractive because of the following two reasons 1 it efficiently supports point and spatial data at the same time and 2 its implementation cost is only slightly higher than that of other R-trees.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "a7760563ce223473a3723e048b85427a",
"text": "The concept of “task” is at the core of artificial intelligence (AI): Tasks are used for training and evaluating AI systems, which are built in order to perform and automatize tasks we deem useful. In other fields of engineering theoretical foundations allow thorough evaluation of designs by methodical manipulation of well understood parameters with a known role and importance; this allows an aeronautics engineer, for instance, to systematically assess the effects of wind speed on an airplane’s performance and stability. No framework exists in AI that allows this kind of methodical manipulation: Performance results on the few tasks in current use (cf. board games, question-answering) cannot be easily compared, however similar or different. The issue is even more acute with respect to artificial general intelligence systems, which must handle unanticipated tasks whose specifics cannot be known beforehand. A task theory would enable addressing tasks at the class level, bypassing their specifics, providing the appropriate formalization and classification of tasks, environments, and their parameters, resulting in more rigorous ways of measuring, comparing, and evaluating intelligent behavior. Even modest improvements in this direction would surpass the current ad-hoc nature of machine learning and AI evaluation. Here we discuss the main elements of the argument for a task theory and present an outline of what it might look like for physical tasks.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "4b33d61fce948b8c7942ca6180765a59",
"text": "We propose in this paper a fully automated deep model, which learns to classify human actions without using any prior knowledge. The first step of our scheme, based on the extension of Convolutional Neural Networks to 3D, automatically learns spatio-temporal features. A Recurrent Neural Network is then trained to classify each sequence considering the temporal evolution of the learned features for each timestep. Experimental results on the KTH dataset show that the proposed approach outperforms existing deep models, and gives comparable results with the best related works.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "7417b84c36671fde36a88ccf661c99e1",
"text": "The power MOSFET on 4H-SiC is an attractive high-speed and low-dissipation power switching device. The problem to be solved before realizing the 4H-SiC power MOSFET with low on-resistance is low channel mobility at the SiO2/SiC interface. This work has succeeded in increasing the channel mobility in the buried channel IEMOSFET on carbon-face substrate, and has achieved an extremely low on-resistance of 1.8 mΩcm2 with a blocking voltage of 660 V",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "235899b940c658316693d0a481e2d954",
"text": "BACKGROUND\nImmunohistochemical markers are often used to classify breast cancer into subtypes that are biologically distinct and behave differently. The aim of this study was to estimate mortality for patients with the major subtypes of breast cancer as classified using five immunohistochemical markers, to investigate patterns of mortality over time, and to test for heterogeneity by subtype.\n\n\nMETHODS AND FINDINGS\nWe pooled data from more than 10,000 cases of invasive breast cancer from 12 studies that had collected information on hormone receptor status, human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2) status, and at least one basal marker (cytokeratin [CK]5/6 or epidermal growth factor receptor [EGFR]) together with survival time data. Tumours were classified as luminal and nonluminal tumours according to hormone receptor expression. These two groups were further subdivided according to expression of HER2, and finally, the luminal and nonluminal HER2-negative tumours were categorised according to expression of basal markers. Changes in mortality rates over time differed by subtype. In women with luminal HER2-negative subtypes, mortality rates were constant over time, whereas mortality rates associated with the luminal HER2-positive and nonluminal subtypes tended to peak within 5 y of diagnosis and then decline over time. In the first 5 y after diagnosis the nonluminal tumours were associated with a poorer prognosis, but over longer follow-up times the prognosis was poorer in the luminal subtypes, with the worst prognosis at 15 y being in the luminal HER2-positive tumours. Basal marker expression distinguished the HER2-negative luminal and nonluminal tumours into different subtypes. These patterns were independent of any systemic adjuvant therapy.\n\n\nCONCLUSIONS\nThe six subtypes of breast cancer defined by expression of five markers show distinct behaviours with important differences in short term and long term prognosis. Application of these markers in the clinical setting could have the potential to improve the targeting of adjuvant chemotherapy to those most likely to benefit. The different patterns of mortality over time also suggest important biological differences between the subtypes that may result in differences in response to specific therapies, and that stratification of breast cancers by clinically relevant subtypes in clinical trials is urgently required.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "4b4cea4f58f33b9ace117fddd936d006",
"text": "The paper presents a complete solution for recognition of textual and graphic structures in various types of documents acquired from the Internet. In the proposed approach, the document structure recognition problem is divided into sub-problems. The first one is localizing logical structure elements within the document. The second one is recognizing segmented logical structure elements. The input to the method is an image of document page, the output is the XML file containing all graphic and textual elements included in the document, preserving the reading order of document blocks. This file contains information about the identity and position of all logical elements in the document image. The paper describes all details of the proposed method and shows the results of the experiments validating its effectiveness. The results of the proposed method for paragraph structure recognition are comparable to the referenced methods which offer segmentation only.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "2f8430ae99d274bb1a08b031dfd1c11b",
"text": "BACKGROUND\nCleft-lip nasal deformity (CLND) affects the overall facial appearance and attractiveness. The CLND nose shares some features in part with the aging nose.\n\n\nOBJECTIVES\nThis questionnaire survey examined: 1) the panel perceptions of the role of secondary cleft rhinoplasty in nasal rejuvenation; and 2) the influence of a medical background in cleft care, age and gender of the panel members on the estimated age of the CLND nose.\n\n\nSTUDY DESIGN\nUsing a cross-sectional study design, we enrolled a random sample of adult laypersons and health care providers. The predictor variables were secondary cleft rhinoplasty (before/after) and a medical background in cleft care (yes/no). The outcome variable was the estimated age of nose in photographs derived from 8 German nonsyndromic CLND patients. Other study variables included age, gender, and career of the assessors. Appropriate descriptive and univariate statistics were computed, and a P value of <.05 was considered to be statistically significant.\n\n\nRESULTS\nThe sample consisted of 507 lay volunteers and 51 medical experts (407 [72.9%] were female; mean age ± SD = 24.9 ± 8.2 y). The estimated age of the CLND noses was higher than their real age. The rhinoplasty decreased the estimated age to a statistically significant degree (P < .0001). A medical background, age, and gender of the participants were not individually associated with their votes (P > .05).\n\n\nCONCLUSIONS\nThe results of this study suggest that CLND noses lack youthful appearance. Secondary cleft rhinoplasty rejuvenates the nose and makes it come close to the actual age of the patients.",
"title": ""
}
] | scidocsrr |
8c7fc170a90b0706a01e81269d1c4266 | An Analysis Matrix for the Assessment of Smart City Technologies: Main Results of Its Application | [
{
"docid": "b99e81f6f2a50fc7c5b09f194fc51f49",
"text": "The current digital revolution has ignited the evolution of communications grids and the development of new schemes for productive systems. Traditional technologic scenarios have been challenged, and Smart Cities have become the basis for urban competitiveness. The citizen is the one who has the power to set new scenarios, and that is why a definition of the way people interact with their cities is needed, as is commented in the first part of the article. At the same time, a lack of clarity has been detected in the way of describing what Smart Cities are, and the second part will try to set the basis for that. For all before, the information and communication technologies that manage and transform 21st century cities must be reviewed, analyzing their impact on new social behaviors that shape the spaces and means of communication, as is posed in the experimental section, setting the basis for an analysis matrix to score the different elements that affect a Smart City environment. So, as the better way to evaluate what a Smart City is, there is a need for a tool to score the different technologies on the basis of their usefulness and consequences, considering the impact of each application. For all of that, the final section describes the main objective of this article in practical scenarios, considering how the technologies are used by citizens, who must be the main concern of all urban development.",
"title": ""
}
] | [
{
"docid": "9c61ac11d2804323ba44ed91d05a0e46",
"text": "Nostalgia fulfills pivotal functions for individuals, but lacks an empirically derived and comprehensive definition. We examined lay conceptions of nostalgia using a prototype approach. In Study 1, participants generated open-ended features of nostalgia, which were coded into categories. In Study 2, participants rated the centrality of these categories, which were subsequently classified as central (e.g., memories, relationships, happiness) or peripheral (e.g., daydreaming, regret, loneliness). Central (as compared with peripheral) features were more often recalled and falsely recognized (Study 3), were classified more quickly (Study 4), were judged to reflect more nostalgia in a vignette (Study 5), better characterized participants' own nostalgic (vs. ordinary) experiences (Study 6), and prompted higher levels of actual nostalgia and its intrapersonal benefits when used to trigger a personal memory, regardless of age (Study 7). These findings highlight that lay people view nostalgia as a self-relevant and social blended emotional and cognitive state, featuring a mixture of happiness and loss. The findings also aid understanding of nostalgia's functions and identify new methods for future research.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "73252fdecc2a01699bdadb4962b4b376",
"text": "Despite significant progress in image-based 3D scene flow estimation, the performance of such approaches has not yet reached the fidelity required by many applications. Simultaneously, these applications are often not restricted to image-based estimation: laser scanners provide a popular alternative to traditional cameras, for example in the context of self-driving cars, as they directly yield a 3D point cloud. In this paper, we propose to estimate 3D motion from such unstructured point clouds using a deep neural network. In a single forward pass, our model jointly predicts 3D scene flow as well as the 3D bounding box and rigid body motion of objects in the scene. While the prospect of estimating 3D scene flow from unstructured point clouds is promising, it is also a challenging task. We show that the traditional global representation of rigid body motion prohibits inference by CNNs, and propose a translation equivariant representation to circumvent this problem. For training our deep network, a large dataset is required. Because of this, we augment real scans from KITTI with virtual objects, realistically modeling occlusions and simulating sensor noise. A thorough comparison with classic and learning-based techniques highlights the robustness of the proposed approach.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "b6205296bd71b938b71224121ca0c8b4",
"text": "INTRODUCTION People make judgments about the world around them. They harbor positive and negative attitudes about people, organizations, places, events, and ideas. We regard these types of attitudes as sentiments. Sentiments are private states,1 cognitive phenomena that are not directly observable by others. However, expressions of sentiment can be manifested in actions, including written and spoken language. Sentiment analysis is the study of automated techniques for extracting sentiment from written language. This has been a very active area entiment analysis—the automated extraction of expressions of positive or negative attitudes from text—has received considerable attention from researchers during the past 10 years. During the same period, the widespread growth of social media has resulted in an explosion of publicly available, user-generated text on the World Wide Web. These data can potentially be utilized to provide real-time insights into the aggregated sentiments of people. The tools provided by statistical natural language processing and machine learning, along with exciting new scalable approaches to working with large volumes of text, make it possible to begin extracting sentiments from the web. We discuss some of the challenges of sentiment extraction and some of the approaches employed to address these challenges. In particular, we describe work we have done to annotate sentiment in blogs at the levels of sentences and subsentences (clauses); to classify subjectivity at the level of sentences; and to identify the targets, or topics, of sentiment at the level of clauses.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "3fd2f7e4d0d0460fda7f7e947e45d9d9",
"text": "Because of the complexity of the hospital environment, there exist a lot of medical information systems from different vendors with incompatible structures. In order to establish an enterprise hospital information system, the integration among these heterogeneous systems must be considered. Complete integration should cover three aspects: data integration, function integration and workflow integration. However most of the previous design of architecture did not accomplish such a complete integration. This article offers an architecture design of the enterprise hospital information system based on the concept of digital neural network system in hospital. It covers all three aspects of integration, and eventually achieves the target of one virtual data center with Enterprise Viewer for users of different roles. The initial implementation of the architecture in the 5-year Digital Hospital Project in Huzhou Central hospital of Zhejiang Province is also described",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "84a9af22a0fa5a755b750ddf914360f9",
"text": "Pancreatic cancer has one of the worst survival rates amongst all forms of cancer because its symptoms manifest later into the progression of the disease. One of those symptoms is jaundice, the yellow discoloration of the skin and sclera due to the buildup of bilirubin in the blood. Jaundice is only recognizable to the naked eye in severe stages, but a ubiquitous test using computer vision and machine learning can detect milder forms of jaundice. We propose BiliScreen, a smartphone app that captures pictures of the eye and produces an estimate of a person's bilirubin level, even at levels normally undetectable by the human eye. We test two low-cost accessories that reduce the effects of external lighting: (1) a 3D-printed box that controls the eyes' exposure to light and (2) paper glasses with colored squares for calibration. In a 70-person clinical study, we found that BiliScreen with the box achieves a Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.89 and a mean error of -0.09 ± 2.76 mg/dl in predicting a person's bilirubin level. As a screening tool, BiliScreen identifies cases of concern with a sensitivity of 89.7% and a specificity of 96.8% with the box accessory.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "f7c92b4342944a1f937f19b144a61d8a",
"text": "Randomization in randomized controlled trials involves more than generation of a random sequence by which to assign subjects. For randomization to be successfully implemented, the randomization sequence must be adequately protected (concealed) so that investigators, involved health care providers, and subjects are not aware of the upcoming assignment. The absence of adequate allocation concealment can lead to selection bias, one of the very problems that randomization was supposed to eliminate. Authors of reports of randomized trials should provide enough details on how allocation concealment was achieved so the reader can determine the likelihood of success. Fortunately, a plan of allocation concealment can always be incorporated into the design of a randomized trial. Certain methods minimize the risk of concealment failing more than others. Keeping knowledge of subjects' assignment after allocation from subjects, investigators/health care providers, or those assessing outcomes is referred to as masking (also known as blinding). The goal of masking is to prevent ascertainment bias. In contrast to allocation concealment, masking cannot always be incorporated into a randomized controlled trial. Both allocation concealment and masking add to the elimination of bias in randomized controlled trials.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "447c5b2db5b1d7555cba2430c6d73a35",
"text": "Recent years have seen a proliferation of complex Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS), in particular, for use in autonomous cars. These systems consist of sensors and cameras as well as image processing and decision support software components. They are meant to help drivers by providing proper warnings or by preventing dangerous situations. In this paper, we focus on the problem of design time testing of ADAS in a simulated environment. We provide a testing approach for ADAS by combining multi-objective search with surrogate models developed based on neural networks. We use multi-objective search to guide testing towards the most critical behaviors of ADAS. Surrogate modeling enables our testing approach to explore a larger part of the input search space within limited computational resources. We characterize the condition under which the multi-objective search algorithm behaves the same with and without surrogate modeling, thus showing the accuracy of our approach. We evaluate our approach by applying it to an industrial ADAS system. Our experiment shows that our approach automatically identifies test cases indicating critical ADAS behaviors. Further, we show that combining our search algorithm with surrogate modeling improves the quality of the generated test cases, especially under tight and realistic computational resources.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "9e7fc71def2afc58025ff5e0198148d0",
"text": "BACKGROUD\nWith the advent of modern computing methods, modeling trial-to-trial variability in biophysical recordings including electroencephalography (EEG) has become of increasingly interest. Yet no widely used method exists for comparing variability in ordered collections of single-trial data epochs across conditions and subjects.\n\n\nNEW METHOD\nWe have developed a method based on an ERP-image visualization tool in which potential, spectral power, or some other measure at each time point in a set of event-related single-trial data epochs are represented as color coded horizontal lines that are then stacked to form a 2-D colored image. Moving-window smoothing across trial epochs can make otherwise hidden event-related features in the data more perceptible. Stacking trials in different orders, for example ordered by subject reaction time, by context-related information such as inter-stimulus interval, or some other characteristic of the data (e.g., latency-window mean power or phase of some EEG source) can reveal aspects of the multifold complexities of trial-to-trial EEG data variability.\n\n\nRESULTS\nThis study demonstrates new methods for computing and visualizing 'grand' ERP-image plots across subjects and for performing robust statistical testing on the resulting images. These methods have been implemented and made freely available in the EEGLAB signal-processing environment that we maintain and distribute.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "646d097ef0b299c0f591448fd842103e",
"text": "Research on brain–machine interfaces has been ongoing for at least a decade. During this period, simultaneous recordings of the extracellular electrical activity of hundreds of individual neurons have been used for direct, real-time control of various artificial devices. Brain–machine interfaces have also added greatly to our knowledge of the fundamental physiological principles governing the operation of large neural ensembles. Further understanding of these principles is likely to have a key role in the future development of neuroprosthetics for restoring mobility in severely paralysed patients.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "934dabd76c1442e091e4eb932ef5f07a",
"text": "Cyber-physical systems tightly integrate physical processes and information and communication technologies. As today’s critical infrastructures, e.g., the power grid or water distribution networks, are complex cyber-physical systems, ensuring their safety and security becomes of paramount importance. Traditional safety analysis methods, such as HAZOP, are ill-suited to assess these systems. Furthermore, cybersecurity vulnerabilities are often not considered critical, because their effects on the physical processes are not fully understood. In this work, we present STPA-SafeSec, a novel analysis methodology for both safety and security. Its results show the dependencies between cybersecurity vulnerabilities and system safety. Using this information, the most effective mitigation strategies to ensure safety and security of the system can be readily identified. We apply STPA-SafeSec to a use case in the power grid domain, and highlight",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "060e518af9a250c1e6a3abf49555754f",
"text": "The deep learning community has proposed optimizations spanning hardware, software, and learning theory to improve the computational performance of deep learning workloads. While some of these optimizations perform the same operations faster (e.g., switching from a NVIDIA K80 to P100), many modify the semantics of the training procedure (e.g., large minibatch training, reduced precision), which can impact a model’s generalization ability. Due to a lack of standard evaluation criteria that considers these trade-offs, it has become increasingly difficult to compare these different advances. To address this shortcoming, DAWNBENCH and the upcoming MLPERF benchmarks use time-to-accuracy as the primary metric for evaluation, with the accuracy threshold set close to state-of-the-art and measured on a held-out dataset not used in training; the goal is to train to this accuracy threshold as fast as possible. In DAWNBENCH, the winning entries improved time-to-accuracy on ImageNet by two orders of magnitude over the seed entries. Despite this progress, it is unclear how sensitive time-to-accuracy is to the chosen threshold as well as the variance between independent training runs, and how well models optimized for time-to-accuracy generalize. In this paper, we provide evidence to suggest that time-to-accuracy has a low coefficient of variance and that the models tuned for it generalize nearly as well as pre-trained models. We additionally analyze the winning entries to understand the source of these speedups, and give recommendations for future benchmarking efforts.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "ff02ddb759f94367813324ce15f09f8d",
"text": "The present work describes a website designed for remote teaching of optical measurements using lasers. It enables senior undergraduate and postgraduate students to learn theoretical aspects of the subject and also have a means to perform experiments for better understanding of the application at hand. At this stage of web development, optical methods considered are those based on refractive index changes in the material medium. The website is specially designed in order to provide remote access of expensive lasers, cameras, and other laboratory instruments by employing a commercially available web browser. The web suite integrates remote experiments, hands-on experiments and life-like optical images generated by using numerical simulation techniques based on Open Foam software package. The remote experiments are real time experiments running in the physical laboratory but can be accessed remotely from anywhere in the world and at any time. Numerical simulation of problems enhances learning, visualization of problems and interpretation of results. In the present work hand-on experimental results are discussed with respect to simulated results. A reasonable amount of resource material, specifically theoretical background of interferometry is available on the website along with computer programs image processing and analysis of results obtained in an experiment.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "587c6f30cda5f45a6b43d55197d2ed40",
"text": "We present a mechanism that puts users in the center of control and empowers them to dictate the access to their collections of data. Revisiting the fundamental mechanisms in security for providing protection, our solution uses capabilities, access lists, and access rights following well-understood formal notions for reasoning about access. This contribution presents a practical, correct, auditable, transparent, distributed, and decentralized mechanism that is well-matched to the current emerging environments including Internet of Things, smart city, precision medicine, and autonomous cars. It is based on well-tested principles and practices used in distributed authorization, cryptocurrencies, and scalable computing.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "5b55b1c913aa9ec461c6c51c3d00b11b",
"text": "Grounded cognition rejects traditional views that cognition is computation on amodal symbols in a modular system, independent of the brain's modal systems for perception, action, and introspection. Instead, grounded cognition proposes that modal simulations, bodily states, and situated action underlie cognition. Accumulating behavioral and neural evidence supporting this view is reviewed from research on perception, memory, knowledge, language, thought, social cognition, and development. Theories of grounded cognition are also reviewed, as are origins of the area and common misperceptions of it. Theoretical, empirical, and methodological issues are raised whose future treatment is likely to affect the growth and impact of grounded cognition.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "b82b46fc0d886e3e87b757a6ca14d4bb",
"text": "Objective: To study the efficacy and safety of an indigenously designed low cost nasal bubble continuous positive airway pressure (NB-CPAP) in neonates admitted with respiratory distress. Study Design: A descriptive study. Place and Duration of Study: Combined Military Hospital (CMH), Peshawar from Jan 2014 to May 2014. Material and Methods: Fifty neonates who developed respiratory distress within 6 hours of life were placed on an indigenous NB-CPAP device (costing 220 PKR) and evaluated for gestational age, weight, indications, duration on NB-CPAP, pre-defined outcomes and complications. Results: A total of 50 consecutive patients with respiratory distress were placed on NB-CPAP. Male to Female ratio was 2.3:1. Mean weight was 2365.85 ± 704 grams and mean gestational age was 35.41 ± 2.9 weeks. Indications for applying NB-CPAP were transient tachypnea of the newborn (TTN, 52%) and respiratory distress syndrome (RDS, 44%). Most common complications were abdominal distension (15.6%) and pulmonary hemorrhage (6%). Out of 50 infants placed on NB-CPAP, 35 (70%) were managed on NB-CPAP alone while 15 (30%) needed mechanical ventilation following a trial of NB-CPAP. Conclusion: In 70% of babies invasive mechanical ventilation was avoided using NB-CPAP.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "b7dbf710a191e51dc24619b2a520cf31",
"text": "This work addresses the problem of estimating the full body 3D human pose and shape from a single color image. This is a task where iterative optimization-based solutions have typically prevailed, while Convolutional Networks (ConvNets) have suffered because of the lack of training data and their low resolution 3D predictions. Our work aims to bridge this gap and proposes an efficient and effective direct prediction method based on ConvNets. Central part to our approach is the incorporation of a parametric statistical body shape model (SMPL) within our end-to-end framework. This allows us to get very detailed 3D mesh results, while requiring estimation only of a small number of parameters, making it friendly for direct network prediction. Interestingly, we demonstrate that these parameters can be predicted reliably only from 2D keypoints and masks. These are typical outputs of generic 2D human analysis ConvNets, allowing us to relax the massive requirement that images with 3D shape ground truth are available for training. Simultaneously, by maintaining differentiability, at training time we generate the 3D mesh from the estimated parameters and optimize explicitly for the surface using a 3D per-vertex loss. Finally, a differentiable renderer is employed to project the 3D mesh to the image, which enables further refinement of the network, by optimizing for the consistency of the projection with 2D annotations (i.e., 2D keypoints or masks). The proposed approach outperforms previous baselines on this task and offers an attractive solution for direct prediction of3D shape from a single color image.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "258f246b97bba091e521cd265126191a",
"text": "This paper presents a method of electric tunability using varactor diodes installed on SIR coaxial resonators and associated filters. Using varactor diodes connected in parallel, in combination with the SIR coaxial resonator, makes it possible, by increasing the number of varactor diodes, to expand the tuning range and maintain the unloaded quality factor of the resonator. A second order filter, tunable in center frequency, was built with these resonators, providing a very large tuning range.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "91f9aae59d659b2bf7ea67e6bb5ed6b8",
"text": "Due to standardization and connectivity to the Internet, Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) systems now face the threat of cyber attacks. SCADA systems were designed without cyber security in mind and hence the problem of how to modify conventional Information Technology (IT) intrusion detection techniques to suit the needs of SCADA is a big challenge. We explain the nuance associated with the task of SCADA-specific intrusion detection and frame it in the domain interest of control engineers and researchers to illuminate the problem space. We present a taxonomy and a set of metrics for SCADA-specific intrusion detection techniques by heightening their possible use in SCADA systems. In particular, we enumerate Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) that have been proposed to undertake this endeavor. We draw upon the discussion to identify the deficits and voids in current research. Finally, we offer recommendations and future research venues based upon our taxonomy and analysis on which SCADAspecific IDS strategies are most likely to succeed, in part through presenting a prototype of our efforts towards this goal.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "d3765112295d9a4591b438130df59a25",
"text": "This paper presents the design and mathematical model of a lower extremity exoskeleton device used to make paralyzed people walk again. The design takes into account the anatomy of standard human leg with a total of 11 Degrees of freedom (DoF). A CAD model in SolidWorks is presented along with its fabrication and a mathematical model in MATLAB.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "e31ea6b8c4a5df049782b463abc602ea",
"text": "Nature plays a very important role to solve problems in a very effective and well-organized way. Few researchers are trying to create computational methods that can assist human to solve difficult problems. Nature inspired techniques like swarm intelligence, bio-inspired, physics/chemistry and many more have helped in solving difficult problems and also provide most favourable solution. Nature inspired techniques are wellmatched for soft computing application because parallel, dynamic and self organising behaviour. These algorithms motivated from the working group of social agents like ants, bees and insect. This paper is a complete survey of nature inspired techniques.",
"title": ""
}
] | scidocsrr |
662497218440e16157a3f40ceeddf58a | Answering Science Exam Questions Using Query Rewriting with Background Knowledge | [
{
"docid": "e27d560bd974985dec1df3791fdf2f13",
"text": "Modeling natural language inference is a very challenging task. With the availability of large annotated data, it has recently become feasible to train complex models such as neural-network-based inference models, which have shown to achieve the state-of-the-art performance. Although there exist relatively large annotated data, can machines learn all knowledge needed to perform natural language inference (NLI) from these data? If not, how can neural-network-based NLI models benefit from external knowledge and how to build NLI models to leverage it? In this paper, we enrich the state-of-the-art neural natural language inference models with external knowledge. We demonstrate that the proposed models improve neural NLI models to achieve the state-of-the-art performance on the SNLI and MultiNLI datasets.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "540099388527a2e8dd5b43162b697fea",
"text": "This paper describes NCRF++, a toolkit for neural sequence labeling. NCRF++ is designed for quick implementation of different neural sequence labeling models with a CRF inference layer. It provides users with an inference for building the custom model structure through configuration file with flexible neural feature design and utilization. Built on PyTorch1, the core operations are calculated in batch, making the toolkit efficient with the acceleration of GPU. It also includes the implementations of most state-of-the-art neural sequence labeling models such as LSTMCRF, facilitating reproducing and refinement on those methods.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "b4ab51818d868b2f9796540c71a7bd17",
"text": "We propose a simple neural architecture for natural language inference. Our approach uses attention to decompose the problem into subproblems that can be solved separately, thus making it trivially parallelizable. On the Stanford Natural Language Inference (SNLI) dataset, we obtain state-of-the-art results with almost an order of magnitude fewer parameters than previous work and without relying on any word-order information. Adding intra-sentence attention that takes a minimum amount of order into account yields further improvements.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "fe3a3ffab9a98cf8f4f71c666383780c",
"text": "We present a new dataset and model for textual entailment, derived from treating multiple-choice question-answering as an entailment problem. SCITAIL is the first entailment set that is created solely from natural sentences that already exist independently “in the wild” rather than sentences authored specifically for the entailment task. Different from existing entailment datasets, we create hypotheses from science questions and the corresponding answer candidates, and premises from relevant web sentences retrieved from a large corpus. These sentences are often linguistically challenging. This, combined with the high lexical similarity of premise and hypothesis for both entailed and non-entailed pairs, makes this new entailment task particularly difficult. The resulting challenge is evidenced by state-of-the-art textual entailment systems achieving mediocre performance on SCITAIL, especially in comparison to a simple majority class baseline. As a step forward, we demonstrate that one can improve accuracy on SCITAIL by 5% using a new neural model that exploits linguistic structure.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "fa6f272026605bddf1b18c8f8234dba6",
"text": "tion can machines think? by replacing it with another, namely can a machine pass the imitation game (the Turing test). In the years since, this test has been criticized as being a poor replacement for the original enquiry (for example, Hayes and Ford [1995]), which raises the question: what would a better replacement be? In this article, we argue that standardized tests are an effective and practical assessment of many aspects of machine intelligence, and should be part of any comprehensive measure of AI progress. While a crisp definition of machine intelligence remains elusive, we can enumerate some general properties we might expect of an intelligent machine. The list is potentially long (for example, Legg and Hutter [2007]), but should at least include the ability to (1) answer a wide variety of questions, (2) answer complex questions, (3) demonstrate commonsense and world knowledge, and (4) acquire new knowledge scalably. In addition, a suitable test should be clearly measurable, graduated (have a variety of levels of difficulty), not gameable, ambitious but realistic, and motivating. There are many other requirements we might add (for example, capabilities in robotics, vision, dialog), and thus any comprehensive measure of AI is likely to require a battery of different tests. However, standardized tests meet a surprising number of requirements, including the four listed, and thus should be a key component of a future battery of tests. As we will show, the tests require answering a wide variety of questions, including those requiring commonsense and world knowledge. In addition, they meet all the practical requirements, a huge advantage for any component of a future test of AI. Articles",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "6d9393c95ca9c6534c98c0d0a4451fbc",
"text": "The recent work of Clark et al. (2018) introduces the AI2 Reasoning Challenge (ARC) and the associated ARC dataset that partitions open domain, complex science questions into an Easy Set and a Challenge Set. That paper includes an analysis of 100 questions with respect to the types of knowledge and reasoning required to answer them; however, it does not include clear definitions of these types, nor does it offer information about the quality of the labels. We propose a comprehensive set of definitions of knowledge and reasoning types necessary for answering the questions in the ARC dataset. Using ten annotators and a sophisticated annotation interface, we analyze the distribution of labels across the Challenge Set and statistics related to them. Additionally, we demonstrate that although naive information retrieval methods return sentences that are irrelevant to answering the query, sufficient supporting text is often present in the (ARC) corpus. Evaluating with human-selected relevant sentences improves the performance of a neural machine comprehension model by 42 points.",
"title": ""
}
] | [
{
"docid": "a4e1a0f5e56685a294a2c9088809a4fb",
"text": "As multicore systems continue to gain ground in the High Performance Computing world, linear algebra algorithms have to be reformulated or new algorithms have to be developed in order to take advantage of the architectural features on these new processors. Fine grain parallelism becomes a major requirement and introduces the necessity of loose synchronization in the parallel execution of an operation. This paper presents an algorithm for the Cholesky, LU and QR factorization where the operations can be represented as a sequence of small tasks that operate on square blocks of data. These tasks can be dynamically scheduled for execution based on the dependencies among them and on the availability of computational resources. This may result in an out of order execution of the tasks which will completely hide the presence of intrinsically sequential tasks in the factorization. Performance comparisons are presented with the LAPACK algorithms where parallelism can only be exploited at the level of the BLAS operations and vendor implementations.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "38a74fff83d3784c892230255943ee23",
"text": "Several researchers, present authors included, envision personal mobile robot agents that can assist humans in their daily tasks. Despite many advances in robotics, such mobile robot agents still face many limitations in their perception, cognition, and action capabilities. In this work, we propose a symbiotic interaction between robot agents and humans to overcome the robot limitations while allowing robots to also help humans. We introduce a visitor’s companion robot agent, as a natural task for such symbiotic interaction. The visitor lacks knowledge of the environment but can easily open a door or read a door label, while the mobile robot with no arms cannot open a door and may be confused about its exact location, but can plan paths well through the building and can provide useful relevant information to the visitor. We present this visitor companion task in detail with an enumeration and formalization of the actions of the robot agent in its interaction with the human. We briefly describe the wifi-based robot localization algorithm and show results of the different levels of human help to the robot during its navigation. We then test the value of robot help to the visitor during the task to understand the relationship tradeoffs. Our work has been fully implemented in a mobile robot agent, CoBot, which has successfully navigated for several hours and continues to navigate in our indoor environment.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "d1444f26cee6036f1c2df67a23d753be",
"text": "Text mining has becoming an emerging research area in now-a-days that helps to extract useful information from large amount of natural language text documents. The need of grouping similar documents together for different applications has gaining the attention of researchers in this area. Document clustering organizes the documents into different groups called as clusters. The documents in one cluster have higher degree of similarity than the documents in other cluster. The paper provides an overview of the document clustering reviewed from different papers and the challenges in document clustering. KeywordsText Mining, Document Clustering, Similarity Measures, Challenges in Document Clustering",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "26f957036ead7173f93ec16a57097a50",
"text": "The purpose of this paper is to present a direct digital manufacturing (DDM) process that is an order of magnitude faster than other DDM processes currently available. The developed process is based on a mask-image-projection-based Stereolithography process (MIP-SL), during which a Digital Micromirror Device (DMD) controlled projection light cures and cross-links liquid photopolymer resin. In order to achieve high-speed fabrication, we investigated the bottom-up projection system in the MIP-SL process. A set of techniques including film coating and the combination of two-way linear motions have been developed for the quick spreading of liquid resin into uniform thin layers. The process parameters and related settings to achieve the fabrication speed of a few seconds per layer are presented. Additionally, the hardware, software, and material setups developed for fabricating given three-dimensional (3D) digital models are presented. Experimental studies using the developed testbed have been performed to verify the effectiveness and efficiency of the presented fast MIP-SL process. The test results illustrate that the newly developed process can build a moderately sized part within minutes instead of hours that are typically required.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "3b2c18828ef155233ede7f51d80f656a",
"text": "It is crucial for cancer diagnosis and treatment to accurately identify the site of origin of a tumor. With the emergence and rapid advancement of DNA microarray technologies, constructing gene expression profiles for different cancer types has already become a promising means for cancer classification. In addition to research on binary classification such as normal versus tumor samples, which attracts numerous efforts from a variety of disciplines, the discrimination of multiple tumor types is also important. Meanwhile, the selection of genes which are relevant to a certain cancer type not only improves the performance of the classifiers, but also provides molecular insights for treatment and drug development. Here, we use semisupervised ellipsoid ARTMAP (ssEAM) for multiclass cancer discrimination and particle swarm optimization for informative gene selection. ssEAM is a neural network architecture rooted in adaptive resonance theory and suitable for classification tasks. ssEAM features fast, stable, and finite learning and creates hyperellipsoidal clusters, inducing complex nonlinear decision boundaries. PSO is an evolutionary algorithm-based technique for global optimization. A discrete binary version of PSO is employed to indicate whether genes are chosen or not. The effectiveness of ssEAM/PSO for multiclass cancer diagnosis is demonstrated by testing it on three publicly available multiple-class cancer data sets. ssEAM/PSO achieves competitive performance on all these data sets, with results comparable to or better than those obtained by other classifiers",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "b52bad9f04c8a922b7012603be56c819",
"text": "In this paper, we investigate the possibility that a Near Field Communication (NFC) enabled mobile phone, with an embedded secure element (SE), could be used as a mobile token cloning and skimming platform. We show how an attacker could use an NFC mobile phone as such an attack platform by exploiting the existing security controls of the embedded SE and the available contactless APIs. To illustrate the feasibility of these actions, we also show how to practically skim and emulate certain tokens typically used in payment and access control applications with a NFC mobile phone. We also discuss how to capture and analyse legitimate transaction information from contactless systems. Although such attacks can also be implemented on other contactless platforms, such as custom-built card emulators and modified readers, the NFC enabled mobile phone has a legitimate form factor, which would be accepted by merchants and arouse less suspicion in public. Finally, we propose several security countermeasures for NFC phones that could prevent such misuse.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "d98b97dae367d57baae6b0211c781d66",
"text": "In this paper we describe a technology for protecting privacy in video systems. The paper presents a review of privacy in video surveillance and describes how a computer vision approach to understanding the video can be used to represent “just enough” of the information contained in a video stream to allow video-based tasks (including both surveillance and other “person aware” applications) to be accomplished, while hiding superfluous details, particularly identity, that can contain privacyintrusive information. The technology has been implemented in the form of a privacy console that manages operator access to different versions of the video-derived data according to access control lists. We have also built PrivacyCam—a smart camera that produces a video stream with the privacy-intrusive information already removed.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "6e8d30f3eaaf6c88dddb203c7b703a92",
"text": "searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggesstions for reducing this burden, to Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports, 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington VA, 22202-4302. Respondents should be aware that notwithstanding any other provision of law, no person shall be subject to any oenalty for failing to comply with a collection of information if it does not display a currently valid OMB control number. PLEASE DO NOT RETURN YOUR FORM TO THE ABOVE ADDRESS.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "11707c7f7c5b028392b25d1dffa9daeb",
"text": "High reliability and large rangeability are required of pumps in existing and new plants which must be capable of reliable on-off cycling operations and specially low load duties. The reliability and rangeability target is a new task for the pump designer/researcher and is made very challenging by the cavitation and/or suction recirculation effects, first of all the pump damage. The present knowledge about the: a) design critical parameters and their optimization, b) field problems diagnosis and troubleshooting has much advanced, in the very latest years. The objective of the pump manufacturer is to develop design solutions and troubleshooting approaches which improve the impeller life as related to cavitation erosion and enlarge the reliable operating range by minimizing the effects of the suction recirculation. This paper gives a short description of several field cases characterized by different damage patterns and other symptoms related with cavitation and/or suction recirculation. The troubleshooting methodology is described in detail, also focusing on the role of both the pump designer and the pump user.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "9852e00f24fd8f626a018df99bea5f1f",
"text": "Business Process Reengineering is a discipline in which extensive research has been carried out and numerous methodologies churned out. But what seems to be lacking is a structured approach. In this paper we provide a review of BPR and present ‘best of breed ‘ methodologies from contemporary literature and introduce a consolidated, systematic approach to the redesign of a business enterprise. The methodology includes the five activities: Prepare for reengineering, Map and Analyze As-Is process, Design To-be process, Implement reengineered process and Improve continuously.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "d2d134363fc993d68194e770c338b301",
"text": "The demand for coal has been on the rise in modern society. With the number of opencast coal mines decreasing, it has become increasingly difficult to find coal. Low efficiencies and high casualty rates have always been problems in the process of coal exploration due to complicated geological structures in coal mining areas. Therefore, we propose a new exploration technology for coal that uses satellite images to explore and monitor opencast coal mining areas. First, we collected bituminous coal and lignite from the Shenhua opencast coal mine in China in addition to non-coal objects, including sandstones, soils, shales, marls, vegetation, coal gangues, water, and buildings. Second, we measured the spectral data of these objects through a spectrometer. Third, we proposed a multilayer extreme learning machine algorithm and constructed a coal classification model based on that algorithm and the spectral data. The model can assist in the classification of bituminous coal, lignite, and non-coal objects. Fourth, we collected Landsat 8 satellite images for the coal mining areas. We divided the image of the coal mine using the constructed model and correctly described the distributions of bituminous coal and lignite. Compared with the traditional coal exploration method, our method manifested an unparalleled advantage and application value in terms of its economy, speed, and accuracy.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "6ee2d94f0ccebbb05df2ea4b79b30976",
"text": "Received: 25 June 2013 Revised: 11 October 2013 Accepted: 25 November 2013 Abstract This paper distinguishes and contrasts two design science research strategies in information systems. In the first strategy, a researcher constructs or builds an IT meta-artefact as a general solution concept to address a class of problem. In the second strategy, a researcher attempts to solve a client’s specific problem by building a concrete IT artefact in that specific context and distils from that experience prescriptive knowledge to be packaged into a general solution concept to address a class of problem. The two strategies are contrasted along 16 dimensions representing the context, outcomes, process and resource requirements. European Journal of Information Systems (2015) 24(1), 107–115. doi:10.1057/ejis.2013.35; published online 7 January 2014",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "819693b9acce3dfbb74694733ab4d10f",
"text": "The present research examined how mode of play in an educational mathematics video game impacts learning, performance, and motivation. The game was designed for the practice and automation of arithmetic skills to increase fluency and was adapted to allow for individual, competitive, or collaborative game play. Participants (N 58) from urban middle schools were randomly assigned to each experimental condition. Results suggested that, in comparison to individual play, competition increased in-game learning, whereas collaboration decreased performance during the experimental play session. Although out-of-game math fluency improved overall, it did not vary by condition. Furthermore, competition and collaboration elicited greater situational interest and enjoyment and invoked a stronger mastery goal orientation. Additionally, collaboration resulted in stronger intentions to play the game again and to recommend it to others. Results are discussed in terms of the potential for mathematics learning games and technology to increase student learning and motivation and to demonstrate how different modes of engagement can inform the instructional design of such games.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "f5e4bf1536d2ef7065b77be4e0c37ddc",
"text": "This research addresses management control in the front end of innovation projects. We conceptualize and analyze PMOs more broadly than just as a specialized project-focused organizational unit. Building on theories of management control, organization design, and innovation front end literature, we assess the role of PMO as an integrative arrangement. The empirical material is derived from four companies. The results show a variety of management control mechanisms that can be considered as integrative organizational arrangements. Such organizational arrangements can be considered as an alternative to a non-existent PMO, or to complement a (non-existent) PMO's tasks. The paper also contrasts prior literature by emphasizing the desirability of a highly organic or embedded matrix structure in the organization. Finally, we propose that the development path of the management approach proceeds by first emphasizing diagnostic and boundary systems (with mechanistic management approaches) followed by intensive use of interactive and belief systems (with value-based management approaches). The major contribution of this paper is in the organizational and managerial mechanisms of a firm that is managing multiple innovation projects. This research also expands upon the existing PMO research to include a broader management control approach for managing projects in companies. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. and IPMA. All rights reserved.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "eccd1b3b8acbf8426d7ccb7933e0bd0e",
"text": "We consider an architecture for a serverless distributed file system that does not assume mutual trust among the client computers. The system provides security, availability, and reliability by distributing multiple encrypted replicas of each file among the client machines. To assess the feasibility of deploying this system on an existing desktop infrastructure, we measure and analyze a large set of client machines in a commercial environment. In particular, we measure and report results on disk usage and content; file activity; and machine uptimes, lifetimes, and loads. We conclude that the measured desktop infrastructure would passably support our proposed system, providing availability on the order of one unfilled file request per user per thousand days.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "ecb2cb8de437648c7895fc3f93809bfb",
"text": "Context: Static analysis approaches have been proposed to assess the security of Android apps, by searching for known vulnerabilities or actual malicious code. The literature thus has proposed a large body of works, each of which attempts to tackle one or more of the several challenges that program analyzers face when dealing with Android apps. Objective: We aim to provide a clear view of the state-of-the-art works that statically analyze Android apps, from which we highlight the trends of static analysis approaches, pinpoint where the focus has been put and enumerate the key aspects where future researches are still needed. Method: We have performed a systematic literature review which involves studying around 90 research papers published in software engineering, programming languages and security venues. This review is performed mainly in five dimensions: problems targeted by the approach, fundamental techniques used by authors, static analysis sensitivities considered, android characteristics taken into account and the scale of evaluation performed. Results: Our in-depth examination have led to several key findings: 1) Static analysis is largely performed to uncover security and privacy issues; 2) The Soot framework and the Jimple intermediate representation are the most adopted basic support tool and format, respectively; 3) Taint analysis remains the most applied technique in research approaches; 4) Most approaches support several analysis sensitivities, but very few approaches consider path-sensitivity; 5) There is no single work that has been proposed to tackle all challenges of static analysis that are related to Android programming; and 6) Only a small portion of state-of-the-art works have made their artifacts publicly available. Conclusion: The research community is still facing a number of challenges for building approaches that are aware altogether of implicit-Flows, dynamic code loading features, reflective calls, native code and multi-threading, in order to implement sound and highly precise static analyzers.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "e9d5ba66ddcc3a38020f532414ebeef7",
"text": "Current theories of aspect acknowledge the pervasiveness of verbs of variable telicity, and are designed to account both for why these verbs show such variability and for the complex conditions that give rise to telic and atelic interpretations. Previous work has identified several sets of such verbs, including incremental theme verbs, such as eat and destroy; degree achievements, such as cool and widen; and (a)telic directed motion verbs, such as ascend and descend (see e.g., Dowty 1979; Declerck 1979; Dowty 1991; Krifka 1989, 1992; Tenny 1994; Bertinetto and Squartini 1995; Levin and Rappaport Hovav 1995; Jackendoff 1996; Ramchand 1997; Filip 1999; Hay, Kennedy, and Levin 1999; Rothstein 2003; Borer 2005). As the diversity in descriptive labels suggests, most previous work has taken these classes to embody distinct phenomena and to have distinct lexical semantic analyses. We believe that it is possible to provide a unified analysis in which the behavior of all of these verbs stems from a single shared element of their meanings: a function that measures the degree to which an object changes relative to some scalar dimension over the course of an event. We claim that such ‘measures of change’ are based on the more general kinds of measure functions that are lexicalized in many languages by gradable adjectives, and that map an object to a scalar value that represents the degree to which it manifests some gradable property at a time (see Bartsch and Vennemann 1972,",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "1258939378850f7d89f6fa860be27c39",
"text": "Sparse methods and the use of Winograd convolutions are two orthogonal approaches, each of which significantly accelerates convolution computations in modern CNNs. Sparse Winograd merges these two and thus has the potential to offer a combined performance benefit. Nevertheless, training convolution layers so that the resulting Winograd kernels are sparse has not hitherto been very successful. By introducing a Winograd layer in place of a standard convolution layer, we can learn and prune Winograd coefficients “natively” and obtain sparsity level beyond 90% with only 0.1% accuracy loss with AlexNet on ImageNet dataset. Furthermore, we present a sparse Winograd convolution algorithm and implementation that exploits the sparsity, achieving up to 31.7 effective TFLOP/s in 32-bit precision on a latest Intel Xeon CPU, which corresponds to a 5.4× speedup over a state-of-the-art dense convolution implementation.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "ffa25551d331651d80f8d91f59a441c0",
"text": "Since vulnerabilities in Linux kernel are on the increase, attackers have turned their interests into related exploitation techniques. However, compared with numerous researches on exploiting use-after-free vulnerabilities in the user applications, few efforts studied how to exploit use-after-free vulnerabilities in Linux kernel due to the difficulties that mainly come from the uncertainty of the kernel memory layout. Without specific information leakage, attackers could only conduct a blind memory overwriting strategy trying to corrupt the critical part of the kernel, for which the success rate is negligible.\n In this work, we present a novel memory collision strategy to exploit the use-after-free vulnerabilities in Linux kernel reliably. The insight of our exploit strategy is that a probabilistic memory collision can be constructed according to the widely deployed kernel memory reuse mechanisms, which significantly increases the success rate of the attack. Based on this insight, we present two practical memory collision attacks: An object-based attack that leverages the memory recycling mechanism of the kernel allocator to achieve freed vulnerable object covering, and a physmap-based attack that takes advantage of the overlap between the physmap and the SLAB caches to achieve a more flexible memory manipulation. Our proposed attacks are universal for various Linux kernels of different architectures and could successfully exploit systems with use-after-free vulnerabilities in kernel. Particularly, we achieve privilege escalation on various popular Android devices (kernel version>=4.3) including those with 64-bit processors by exploiting the CVE-2015-3636 use-after-free vulnerability in Linux kernel. To our knowledge, this is the first generic kernel exploit for the latest version of Android. Finally, to defend this kind of memory collision, we propose two corresponding mitigation schemes.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "01984e20b6fa46888fc82dccc621ab73",
"text": "Organizations spend a significant amount of resources securing their servers and network perimeters. However, these mechanisms are not sufficient for protecting databases. In this paper, we present a new technique for identifying malicious database transactions. Compared to many existing approaches which profile SQL query structures and database user activities to detect intrusions, the novelty of this approach is the automatic discovery and use of essential data dependencies, namely, multi-dimensional and multi-level data dependencies, for identifying anomalous database transactions. Since essential data dependencies reflect semantic relationships among data items and are less likely to change than SQL query structures or database user behaviors, they are ideal for profiling data correlations for identifying malicious database activities.1",
"title": ""
}
] | scidocsrr |
354579b2298c9d6677cd502a74e92e6e | Hybrid Partitioned SRAM-Based Ternary Content Addressable Memory | [
{
"docid": "39ab78b58f6ace0fc29f18a1c4ed8ebc",
"text": "We survey recent developments in the design of large-capacity content-addressable memory (CAM). A CAM is a memory that implements the lookup-table function in a single clock cycle using dedicated comparison circuitry. CAMs are especially popular in network routers for packet forwarding and packet classification, but they are also beneficial in a variety of other applications that require high-speed table lookup. The main CAM-design challenge is to reduce power consumption associated with the large amount of parallel active circuitry, without sacrificing speed or memory density. In this paper, we review CAM-design techniques at the circuit level and at the architectural level. At the circuit level, we review low-power matchline sensing techniques and searchline driving approaches. At the architectural level we review three methods for reducing power consumption.",
"title": ""
}
] | [
{
"docid": "55304b1a38d49cd65658964c3aea5df5",
"text": "In this paper, we take the view that any formalization of commitments has to come together with a formalization of time, events/actions and change. We enrich a suitable formalism for reasoning about time, event/action and change in order to represent and reason about commitments. We employ a three-valued based temporal first-order non-monotonic logic (TFONL) that allows an explicit representation of time and events/action. TFONL subsumes the action languages presented in the literature and takes into consideration the frame, qualification and ramification problems, and incorporates to a domain description the set of rules governing change. It can handle protocols for the different types of dialogues such as information seeking, inquiry and negotiation. We incorporate commitments into TFONL to obtain Com-TFONL. Com-TFONL allows an agent to reason about its commitments and about other agents’ behaviour during a dialogue. Thus, agents can employ social commitments to act on, argue with and reason about during interactions with other agents. Agents may use their reasoning and argumentative capabilities in order to determine the appropriate communicative acts during conversations. Furthermore, Com-TFONL allows for an integration of commitments and arguments which helps in capturing the public aspects of a conversation and the reasoning aspects required in coherent conversations.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "58a47d7fab243f265621be47f0bc5b58",
"text": "A 1.8-kV 100-ps rise-time pulsed-power generator operating at a repetition frequency of 50 kHz is presented. The generator consists of three compression stages. In the first stage, a power MOSFET produces high voltage by breaking an inductor current. In the second stage, a 3-kV drift-step-recovery diode cuts the reverse current rapidly to create a 1-ns rise-time pulse. In the last stage, a silicon-avalanche shaper is used as a fast 100-ps closing switch. Experimental investigation showed that, by optimizing the generator operating point, the shot-to-shot jitter can be reduced to less than 13 ps. The theoretical model of the pulse-forming circuit is presented.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "39430478909e5818b242e0b28db419f0",
"text": "BACKGROUND\nA modified version of the Berg Balance Scale (mBBS) was developed for individuals with intellectual and visual disabilities (IVD). However, the concurrent and predictive validity has not yet been determined.\n\n\nAIM\nThe purpose of the current study was to evaluate the concurrent and predictive validity of the mBBS for individuals with IVD.\n\n\nMETHOD\nFifty-four individuals with IVD and Gross Motor Functioning Classification System (GMFCS) Levels I and II participated in this study. The mBBS, the Centre of Gravity (COG), the Comfortable Walking Speed (CWS), and the Barthel Index (BI) were assessed during one session in order to determine the concurrent validity. The percentage of explained variance was determined by analyzing the squared multiple correlation between the mBBS and the BI, COG, CWS, GMFCS, and age, gender, level of intellectual disability, presence of epilepsy, level of visual impairment, and presence of hearing impairment. Furthermore, an overview of the degree of dependence between the mBBS, BI, CWS, and COG was obtained by graphic modelling. Predictive validity of mBBS was determined with respect to the number of falling incidents during 26 weeks and evaluated with Zero-inflated regression models using the explanatory variables of mBBS, BI, COG, CWS, and GMFCS.\n\n\nRESULTS\nThe results demonstrated that two significant explanatory variables, the GMFCS Level and the BI, and one non-significant variable, the CWS, explained approximately 60% of the mBBS variance. Graphical modelling revealed that BI was the most important explanatory variable for mBBS moreso than COG and CWS. Zero-inflated regression on the frequency of falling incidents demonstrated that the mBBS was not predictive, however, COG and CWS were.\n\n\nCONCLUSIONS\nThe results indicated that the concurrent validity as well as the predictive validity of mBBS were low for persons with IVD.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "2615f2f66adeaf1718d7afa5be3b32b1",
"text": "In this paper, an advanced design of an Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV) is presented. The design is driven only by four water pumps. The different power combinations of the four motors provides the force and moment for propulsion and maneuvering. No control surfaces are needed in this design, which make the manufacturing cost of such a vehicle minimal and more reliable. Based on the propulsion method of the vehicle, a nonlinear AUV dynamic model is studied. This nonlinear model is linearized at the operation point. A control strategy of the AUV is proposed including attitude control and auto-pilot design. Simulation results for the attitude control loop are presented to validate this approach.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "ba13195d39b28d5205b33452bfebd6e7",
"text": "A compact multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) antenna is presented for ultrawideband (UWB) applications. The antenna consists of two open L-shaped slot (LS) antenna elements and a narrow slot on the ground plane. The antenna elements are placed perpendicularly to each other to obtain high isolation, and the narrow slot is added to reduce the mutual coupling of antenna elements in the low frequency band (3-4.5 GHz). The proposed MIMO antenna has a compact size of 32 ×32 mm2, and the antenna prototype is fabricated and measured. The measured results show that the proposed antenna design achieves an impedance bandwidth of larger than 3.1-10.6 GHz, low mutual coupling of less than 15 dB, and a low envelope correlation coefficient of better than 0.02 across the frequency band, which are suitable for portable UWB applications.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "37a8ea1b792466c6e39709879e7a7b41",
"text": "The lightning impulse withstand voltage for an oil-immersed power transformer is determined by the value of the lightning surge overvoltage generated at the transformer terminal. This overvoltage value has been conventionally obtained through lightning surge analysis using the electromagnetic transients program (EMTP), where the transformer is often simulated by a single lumped capacitance. However, since high frequency surge overvoltages ranging from several kHz to several MHz are generated in an actual system, a transformer circuit model capable of simulating the range up to this high frequency must be developed for further accurate analysis. In this paper, a high frequency circuit model for an oil-immersed transformer was developed and its validity was verified through comparison with the measurement results on the model winding actually produced. Consequently, it emerged that a high frequency model with three serially connected LC parallel circuits could adequately simulate the impedance characteristics of the winding up to a high frequency range of several MHz. Following lightning surge analysis for a 500 kV substation using this high frequency model, the peak value of the waveform was evaluated as lower than that simulated by conventional lumped capacitance even though the front rising was steeper. This phenomenon can be explained by the charging process of the capacitance circuit inside the transformer. Furthermore, the waveform analyzed by each model was converted into an equivalent standard lightning impulse waveform and the respective peak values were compared. As a result, the peak value obtained by the lumped capacitance simulation was evaluated as relatively higher under the present analysis conditions.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "dadcecd178721cf1ea2b6bf51bc9d246",
"text": "8 Research on speech and emotion is moving from a period of exploratory research into one where there is a prospect 9 of substantial applications, notably in human–computer interaction. Progress in the area relies heavily on the devel10 opment of appropriate databases. This paper addresses four main issues that need to be considered in developing 11 databases of emotional speech: scope, naturalness, context and descriptors. The state of the art is reviewed. A good deal 12 has been done to address the key issues, but there is still a long way to go. The paper shows how the challenge of 13 developing appropriate databases is being addressed in three major recent projects––the Reading–Leeds project, the 14 Belfast project and the CREST–ESP project. From these and other studies the paper draws together the tools and 15 methods that have been developed, addresses the problems that arise and indicates the future directions for the de16 velopment of emotional speech databases. 2002 Published by Elsevier Science B.V.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "c809ef0984855e377bf241ed8a7aa7eb",
"text": "Priapism of the clitoris is a rare entity. A case of painful priapism is reported in a patient who had previously suffered a radical cystectomy for bladder carcinoma pT3-GIII, followed by local recurrence in the pelvis. From a symptomatic point of view she showed a good response to conservative treatment (analgesics and anxiolytics), as she refused surgical treatment. She survived 6 months from the recurrence, and died with lung metastases. The priapism did not recur. The physiopathological mechanisms involved in the process are discussed and the literature reviewed.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "fce58bfa94acf2b26a50f816353e6bf2",
"text": "The perspective directions in evaluating network security are simulating possible malefactor’s actions, building the representation of these actions as attack graphs (trees, nets), the subsequent checking of various properties of these graphs, and determining security metrics which can explain possible ways to increase security level. The paper suggests a new approach to security evaluation based on comprehensive simulation of malefactor’s actions, construction of attack graphs and computation of different security metrics. The approach is intended for using both at design and exploitation stages of computer networks. The implemented software system is described, and the examples of experiments for analysis of network security level are considered.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "d4da4c9bc129a15a8f7b7094216bc4b2",
"text": "This paper presents a physical description of two specific aspects in drain-extended MOS transistors, i.e., quasi-saturation and impact-ionization effects. The 2-D device simulator Medici provides the physical insights, and both the unique features are originally attributed to the Kirk effect. The transistor dc model is derived from regional analysis of carrier transport in the intrinsic MOS and the drift region. The substrate-current equations, considering extra impact-ionization factors in the drift region, are also rigorously derived. The proposed model is primarily validated by MATLAB program and exhibits excellent scalability for various transistor dimensions, drift-region doping concentration, and voltage-handling capability.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "39b072a5adb75eb43561017d53ab6f44",
"text": "The Internet of Things (IoT) is converting the agriculture industry and solving the immense problems or the major challenges faced by the farmers todays in the field. India is one of the 13th countries in the world having scarcity of water resources. Due to ever increasing of world population, we are facing difficulties in the shortage of water resources, limited availability of land, difficult to manage the costs while meeting the demands of increasing consumption needs of a global population that is expected to grow by 70% by the year 2050. The influence of population growth on agriculture leads to a miserable impact on the farmers livelihood. To overcome the problems we design a low cost system for monitoring the agriculture farm which continuously measure the level of soil moisture of the plants and alert the farmers if the moisture content of particular plants is low via sms or an email. This system uses an esp8266 microcontroller and a moisture sensor using Losant platform. Losant is a simple and most powerful IoT cloud platform for the development of coming generation. It offers the real time data visualization of sensors data which can be operate from any part of the world irrespective of the position of field.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "0efa756a15219d8383ca296860f7433a",
"text": "Chronic inflammation plays a multifaceted role in carcinogenesis. Mounting evidence from preclinical and clinical studies suggests that persistent inflammation functions as a driving force in the journey to cancer. The possible mechanisms by which inflammation can contribute to carcinogenesis include induction of genomic instability, alterations in epigenetic events and subsequent inappropriate gene expression, enhanced proliferation of initiated cells, resistance to apoptosis, aggressive tumor neovascularization, invasion through tumor-associated basement membrane and metastasis, etc. Inflammation-induced reactive oxygen and nitrogen species cause damage to important cellular components (e.g., DNA, proteins and lipids), which can directly or indirectly contribute to malignant cell transformation. Overexpression, elevated secretion, or abnormal activation of proinflammatory mediators, such as cytokines, chemokines, cyclooxygenase-2, prostaglandins, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and nitric oxide, and a distinct network of intracellular signaling molecules including upstream kinases and transcription factors facilitate tumor promotion and progression. While inflammation promotes development of cancer, components of the tumor microenvironment, such as tumor cells, stromal cells in surrounding tissue and infiltrated inflammatory/immune cells generate an intratumoral inflammatory state by aberrant expression or activation of some proinflammatory molecules. Many of proinflammatory mediators, especially cytokines, chemokines and prostaglandins, turn on the angiogenic switches mainly controlled by vascular endothelial growth factor, thereby inducing inflammatory angiogenesis and tumor cell-stroma communication. This will end up with tumor angiogenesis, metastasis and invasion. Moreover, cellular microRNAs are emerging as a potential link between inflammation and cancer. The present article highlights the role of various proinflammatory mediators in carcinogenesis and their promise as potential targets for chemoprevention of inflammation-associated carcinogenesis.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "a20b874ab019da6a8c8f430cd9bc11b4",
"text": "It is traditional wisdom that one should start from the goals when generating a plan in order to focus the plan generation process on potentially relevant actions. The graphplan system, however, which is the most eecient planning system nowadays, builds a \\planning graph\" in a forward-chaining manner. Although this strategy seems to work well, it may possibly lead to problems if the planning task description contains irrelevant information. Although some irrelevant information can be ltered out by graphplan, most cases of irrelevance are not noticed. In this paper, we analyze the eeects arising from \\irrelevant\" information to planning task descriptions for diierent types of planners. Based on that, we propose a family of heuristics that select relevant information by minimizing the number of initial facts that are used when approximating a plan by backchaining from the goals ignoring any connicts. These heuristics, although not solution-preserving, turn out to be very useful for guiding the planning process, as shown by applying the heuristics to a large number of examples from the literature.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "5aacd3ac3c6120311d7daa2de3cef2ba",
"text": "Situated in the western Sierra Nevada foothills of California, CA-MRP-402 exhibits 103 rock art panels. By combining archaeological field research and excavation, this paper explores the ancient activities that took place at MRP-402. These efforts reveal that ancient Native Americans intentionally altered the landscape to create an astronomical observation area and generate consistent equinoctial solar and shadow alignments.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "8a1adea9a1f4beeb704691d76b2e4f53",
"text": "As we observe a trend towards the recentralisation of the Internet, this paper raises the question of guaranteeing an everlasting decentralisation. We introduce the properties of strong and soft uncentralisability in order to describe systems in which all authorities can be untrusted at any time without affecting the system. We link the soft uncentralisability to another property called perfect forkability. Using that knowledge, we introduce a new cryptographic primitive called uncentralisable ledger and study its properties. We use those properties to analyse what an uncentralisable ledger may offer to classic electronic voting systems and how it opens up the realm of possibilities for completely new voting mechanisms. We review a list of selected projects that implement voting systems using blockchain technology. We then conclude that the true revolutionary feature enabled by uncentralisable ledgers is a self-sovereign and distributed identity provider.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "a576a6bf249616d186657a48c2aec071",
"text": "Penumbras, or soft shadows, are an important means to enhance the realistic ap pearance of computer generated images. We present a fast method based on Minkowski operators to reduce t he run ime for penumbra calculation with stochastic ray tracing. Detailed run time analysis on some examples shows that the new method is significantly faster than the conventional approach. Moreover, it adapts to the environment so that small penumbras are calculated faster than larger ones. The algorithm needs at most twice as much memory as the underlying ray tracing algorithm.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "6440be547f86da7e08b79eac6b4311fe",
"text": "OBJECTIVE\nTo assess the bioequivalence of an ezetimibe/simvastatin (EZE/SIMVA) combination tablet compared to the coadministration of ezetimibe and simvastatin as separate tablets (EZE + SIMVA).\n\n\nMETHODS\nIn this open-label, randomized, 2-part, 2-period crossover study, 96 healthy subjects were randomly assigned to participate in each part of the study (Part I or II), with each part consisting of 2 single-dose treatment periods separated by a 14-day washout. Part I consisted of Treatments A (EZE 10 mg + SIMVA 10 mg) and B (EZE/SIMVA 10/10 mg/mg) and Part II consisted of Treatments C (EZE 10 mg + SIMVA 80 mg) and D (EZE/SIMVA 10/80 mg/mg). Blood samples were collected up to 96 hours post-dose for determination of ezetimibe, total ezetimibe (ezetimibe + ezetimibe glucuronide), simvastatin and simvastatin acid (the most prevalent active metabolite of simvastatin) concentrations. Ezetimibe and simvastatin acid AUC(0-last) were predefined as primary endpoints and ezetimibe and simvastatin acid Cmax were secondary endpoints. Bioequivalence was achieved if 90% confidence intervals (CI) for the geometric mean ratios (GMR) (single tablet/coadministration) of AUC(0-last) and Cmax fell within prespecified bounds of (0.80, 1.25).\n\n\nRESULTS\nThe GMRs of the AUC(0-last) and Cmax for ezetimibe and simvastatin acid fell within the bioequivalence limits (0.80, 1.25). EZE/ SIMVA and EZE + SIMVA were generally well tolerated.\n\n\nCONCLUSIONS\nThe lowest and highest dosage strengths of EZE/SIMVA tablet were bioequivalent to the individual drug components administered together. Given the exact weight multiples of the EZE/SIMVA tablet and linear pharmacokinetics of simvastatin across the marketed dose range, bioequivalence of the intermediate tablet strengths (EZE/SIMVA 10/20 mg/mg and EZE/SIMVA 10/40 mg/mg) was inferred, although these dosages were not tested directly. These results indicate that the safety and efficacy profile of EZE + SIMVA coadministration therapy can be applied to treatment with the EZE/SIMVA tablet across the clinical dose range.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "9d2b3aaf57e31a2c0aa517d642f39506",
"text": "3.1. URINARY TRACT INFECTION Urinary tract infection is one of the important causes of morbidity and mortality in Indian population, affecting all age groups across the life span. Anatomically, urinary tract is divided into an upper portion composed of kidneys, renal pelvis, and ureters and a lower portion made up of urinary bladder and urethra. UTI is an inflammatory response of the urothelium to bacterial invasion that is usually associated with bacteriuria and pyuria. UTI may involve only the lower urinary tract or both the upper and lower tract [19].",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "1926166029995392a9ccb3c64bc10ee7",
"text": "OBJECTIVES\nFew low income countries have emergency medical services to provide prehospital medical care and transport to road traffic crash casualties. In Ghana most roadway casualties receive care and transport to the hospital from taxi, bus, or truck drivers. This study reports the methods used to devise a model for prehospital trauma training for commercial drivers in Ghana.\n\n\nMETHODS\nOver 300 commercial drivers attended a first aid and rescue course designed specifically for roadway trauma and geared to a low education level. The training programme has been evaluated twice at one and two year intervals by interviewing both trained and untrained drivers with regard to their experiences with injured persons. In conjunction with a review of prehospital care literature, lessons learnt from the evaluations were used in the revision of the training model.\n\n\nRESULTS\nControl of external haemorrhage was quickly learnt and used appropriately by the drivers. Areas identified needing emphasis in future trainings included consistent use of universal precautions and protection of airways in unconscious persons using the recovery position.\n\n\nCONCLUSION\nIn low income countries, prehospital trauma care for roadway casualties can be improved by training laypersons already involved in prehospital transport and care. Training should be locally devised, evidence based, educationally appropriate, and focus on practical demonstrations.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "3969a0156c558020ca1de3b978c3ab4e",
"text": "Silver-Russell syndrome (SRS) and Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS) are 2 clinically opposite growth-affecting disorders belonging to the group of congenital imprinting disorders. The expression of both syndromes usually depends on the parental origin of the chromosome in which the imprinted genes reside. SRS is characterized by severe intrauterine and postnatal growth retardation with various additional clinical features such as hemihypertrophy, relative macrocephaly, fifth finger clinodactyly, and triangular facies. BWS is an overgrowth syndrome with many additional clinical features such as macroglossia, organomegaly, and an increased risk of childhood tumors. Both SRS and BWS are clinically and genetically heterogeneous, and for clinical diagnosis, different diagnostic scoring systems have been developed. Six diagnostic scoring systems for SRS and 4 for BWS have been previously published. However, neither syndrome has common consensus diagnostic criteria yet. Most cases of SRS and BWS are associated with opposite epigenetic or genetic abnormalities in the 11p15 chromosomal region leading to opposite imbalances in the expression of imprinted genes. SRS is also caused by maternal uniparental disomy 7, which is usually identified in 5-10% of the cases, and is therefore the first imprinting disorder that affects 2 different chromosomes. In this review, we describe in detail the clinical diagnostic criteria and scoring systems as well as molecular causes in both SRS and BWS.",
"title": ""
}
] | scidocsrr |
e182ef6081b4711ffab5d0ec4d8fa340 | Knowledge management in software engineering - describing the process | [
{
"docid": "a2047969c4924a1e93b805b4f7d2402c",
"text": "Knowledge is a resource that is valuable to an organization's ability to innovate and compete. It exists within the individual employees, and also in a composite sense within the organization. According to the resourcebased view of the firm (RBV), strategic assets are the critical determinants of an organization's ability to maintain a sustainable competitive advantage. This paper will combine RBV theory with characteristics of knowledge to show that organizational knowledge is a strategic asset. Knowledge management is discussed frequently in the literature as a mechanism for capturing and disseminating the knowledge that exists within the organization. This paper will also explain practical considerations for implementation of knowledge management principles.",
"title": ""
}
] | [
{
"docid": "94c6f94e805a366c6fa6f995f13a92ba",
"text": "Unusual site deep vein thrombosis (USDVT) is an uncommon form of venous thromboembolism (VTE) with heterogeneity in pathophysiology and clinical features. While the need for anticoagulation treatment is generally accepted, there is little data on optimal USDVT treatment. The TRUST study aimed to characterize the epidemiology, treatment and outcomes of USDVT. From 2008 to 2012, 152 patients were prospectively enrolled at 4 Canadian centers. After baseline, patients were followed at 6, 12 and 24months. There were 97 (64%) cases of splanchnic, 33 (22%) cerebral, 14 (9%) jugular, 6 (4%) ovarian and 2 (1%) renal vein thrombosis. Mean age was 52.9years and 113 (74%) cases were symptomatic. Of 72 (47%) patients tested as part of clinical care, 22 (31%) were diagnosed with new thrombophilia. Of 138 patients evaluated in follow-up, 66 (48%) completed at least 6months of anticoagulation. Estrogen exposure or inflammatory conditions preceding USDVT were commonly associated with treatment discontinuation before 6months, while previous VTE was associated with continuing anticoagulation beyond 6months. During follow-up, there were 22 (16%) deaths (20 from cancer), 4 (3%) cases of recurrent VTE and no fatal bleeding events. Despite half of USDVT patients receiving <6months of anticoagulation, the rate of VTE recurrence was low and anticoagulant treatment appears safe. Thrombophilia testing was common and thrombophilia prevalence was high. Further research is needed to determine the optimal investigation and management of USDVT.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "27a3c368176ead25ed653d696648f244",
"text": "The growing proliferation in solar deployment, especially at distribution level, has made the case for power system operators to develop more accurate solar forecasting models. This paper proposes a solar photovoltaic (PV) generation forecasting model based on multi-level solar measurements and utilizing a nonlinear autoregressive with exogenous input (NARX) model to improve the training and achieve better forecasts. The proposed model consists of four stages of data preparation, establishment of fitting model, model training, and forecasting. The model is tested under different weather conditions. Numerical simulations exhibit the acceptable performance of the model when compared to forecasting results obtained from two-level and single-level studies.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "4a811a48f913e1529f70937c771d01da",
"text": "An interesting research problem in our age of Big Data is that of determining provenance. Granular evaluation of provenance of physical goods--e.g. tracking ingredients of a pharmaceutical or demonstrating authenticity of luxury goods--has often not been possible with today's items that are produced and transported in complex, inter-organizational, often internationally-spanning supply chains. Recent adoption of Internet of Things and Blockchain technologies give promise at better supply chain provenance. We are particularly interested in the blockchain as many favoured use cases of blockchain are for provenance tracking. We are also interested in applying ontologies as there has been some work done on knowledge provenance, traceability, and food provenance using ontologies. In this paper, we make a case for why ontologies can contribute to blockchain design. To support this case, we analyze a traceability ontology and translate some of its representations to smart contracts that execute a provenance trace and enforce traceability constraints on the Ethereum blockchain platform.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "7bef5a19f6d8f71d4aa12194dd02d0c4",
"text": "To build a natural sounding speech synthesis system, it is essential that the text processing component produce an appropriate sequence of phonemic units corresponding to an arbitrary input text. In this paper we discuss our efforts in addressing the issues of Font-to-Akshara mapping, pronunciation rules for Aksharas, text normalization in the context of building text-to-speech systems in Indian languages.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "4b0230c640cc85a0f1f23c0cb60d5325",
"text": "Natural language understanding research has recently shifted towards complex Machine Learning and Deep Learning algorithms. Such models often outperform significantly their simpler counterparts. However, their performance relies on the availability of large amounts of labeled data, which are rarely available. To tackle this problem, we propose a methodology for extending training datasets to arbitrarily big sizes and training complex, data-hungry models using weak supervision. We apply this methodology on biomedical relationship extraction, a task where training datasets are excessively time-consuming and expensive to create, yet has a major impact on downstream applications such as drug discovery. We demonstrate in a small-scale controlled experiment that our method consistently enhances the performance of an LSTM network, with performance improvements comparable to hand-labeled training data. Finally, we discuss the optimal setting for applying weak supervision using this methodology.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "1b20c242815b26533731308cb42ac054",
"text": "Amnesic patients demonstrate by their performance on a serial reaction time task that they learned a repeating spatial sequence despite their lack of awareness of the repetition (Nissen & Bullemer, 1987). In the experiments reported here, we investigated this form of procedural learning in normal subjects. A subgroup of subjects showed substantial procedural learning of the sequence in the absence of explicit declarative knowledge of it. Their ability to generate the sequence was effectively at chance and showed no savings in learning. Additional amounts of training increased both procedural and declarative knowledge of the sequence. Development of knowledge in one system seems not to depend on knowledge in the other. Procedural learning in this situation is neither solely perceptual nor solely motor. The learning shows minimal transfer to a situation employing the same motor sequence.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "c0d8842983a2d7952de1c187a80479ac",
"text": "Two new topologies of three-phase segmented rotor switched reluctance machine (SRM) that enables the use of standard voltage source inverters (VSIs) for its operation are presented. The topologies has shorter end-turn length, axial length compared to SRM topologies that use three-phase inverters; compared to the conventional SRM (CSRM), these new topologies has the advantage of shorter flux paths that results in lower core losses. FEA based optimization have been performed for a given design specification. The new concentrated winding segmented SRMs demonstrate competitive performance with three-phase standard inverters compared to CSRM.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "ac040c0c04351ea6487ea6663688ebd6",
"text": "This paper presents the conceptual design, detailed development and flight testing of AtlantikSolar, a 5.6m-wingspan solar-powered Low-Altitude Long-Endurance (LALE) Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) designed and built at ETH Zurich. The UAV is required to provide perpetual endurance at a geographic latitude of 45°N in a 4-month window centered around June 21st. An improved conceptual design method is presented and applied to maximize the perpetual flight robustness with respect to local meteorological disturbances such as clouds or winds. Airframe, avionics hardware, state estimation and control method development for autonomous flight operations are described. Flight test results include a 12-hour flight relying solely on batteries to replicate night-flight conditions. In addition, we present flight results from Search-And-Rescue field trials where a camera and processing pod were mounted on the aircraft to create high-fidelity 3D-maps of a simulated disaster area.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "fadbfcc98ad512dd788f6309d0a932af",
"text": "Thanks to the convergence of pervasive mobile communications and fast-growing online social networking, mobile social networking is penetrating into our everyday life. Aiming to develop a systematic understanding of mobile social networks, in this paper we exploit social ties in human social networks to enhance cooperative device-to-device (D2D) communications. Specifically, as handheld devices are carried by human beings, we leverage two key social phenomena, namely social trust and social reciprocity, to promote efficient cooperation among devices. With this insight, we develop a coalitional game-theoretic framework to devise social-tie-based cooperation strategies for D2D communications. We also develop a network-assisted relay selection mechanism to implement the coalitional game solution, and show that the mechanism is immune to group deviations, individually rational, truthful, and computationally efficient. We evaluate the performance of the mechanism by using real social data traces. Simulation results corroborate that the proposed mechanism can achieve significant performance gain over the case without D2D cooperation.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "3854ead43024ebc6ac942369a7381d71",
"text": "During the past two decades, the prevalence of obesity in children has risen greatly worldwide. Obesity in childhood causes a wide range of serious complications, and increases the risk of premature illness and death later in life, raising public-health concerns. Results of research have provided new insights into the physiological basis of bodyweight regulation. However, treatment for childhood obesity remains largely ineffective. In view of its rapid development in genetically stable populations, the childhood obesity epidemic can be primarily attributed to adverse environmental factors for which straightforward, if politically difficult, solutions exist.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "9b1bf9930b378232d03c43c007d1c151",
"text": "Matrix factorization has found incredible success and widespread application as a collaborative filtering based approach to recommendations. Unfortunately, incorporating additional sources of evidence, especially ones that are incomplete and noisy, is quite difficult to achieve in such models, however, is often crucial for obtaining further gains in accuracy. For example, additional information about businesses from reviews, categories, and attributes should be leveraged for predicting user preferences, even though this information is often inaccurate and partially-observed. Instead of creating customized methods that are specific to each type of evidences, in this paper we present a generic approach to factorization of relational data that collectively models all the relations in the database. By learning a set of embeddings that are shared across all the relations, the model is able to incorporate observed information from all the relations, while also predicting all the relations of interest. Our evaluation on multiple Amazon and Yelp datasets demonstrates effective utilization of additional information for held-out preference prediction, but further, we present accurate models even for the cold-starting businesses and products for which we do not observe any ratings or reviews. We also illustrate the capability of the model in imputing missing information and jointly visualizing words, categories, and attribute factors.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "212e9306654141360a7d240a30af5c4a",
"text": "In this paper, we introduce a stereo vision based CNN tracker for a person following robot. The tracker is able to track a person in real-time using an online convolutional neural network. Our approach enables the robot to follow a target under challenging situations such as occlusions, appearance changes, pose changes, crouching, illumination changes or people wearing the same clothes in different environments. The robot follows the target around corners even when it is momentarily unseen by estimating and replicating the local path of the target. We build an extensive dataset for person following robots under challenging situations. We evaluate the proposed system quantitatively by comparing our tracking approach with existing real-time tracking algorithms.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "0ac679740e0e3911af04be9464f76a7d",
"text": "Max-Min Fairness is a flexible resource allocation mechanism used in most datacenter schedulers. However, an increasing number of jobs have hard placement constraints, restricting the machines they can run on due to special hardware or software requirements. It is unclear how to define, and achieve, max-min fairness in the presence of such constraints. We propose Constrained Max-Min Fairness (CMMF), an extension to max-min fairness that supports placement constraints, and show that it is the only policy satisfying an important property that incentivizes users to pool resources. Optimally computing CMMF is challenging, but we show that a remarkably simple online scheduler, called Choosy, approximates the optimal scheduler well. Through experiments, analysis, and simulations, we show that Choosy on average differs 2% from the optimal CMMF allocation, and lets jobs achieve their fair share quickly.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "ec6fb21b7ae27cc4df67f3d6745ffe34",
"text": "In today's world data is growing very rapidly, which we call as big data. To deal with these large data sets, currently we are using NoSQL databases, as relational database is not capable for handling such data. These schema less NoSQL database allow us to handle unstructured data. Through this paper we are comparing two NoSQL databases MongoDB and CouchBase server, in terms of image storage and retrieval. Aim behind selecting these two databases as both comes under Document store category. Major applications like social media, traffic analysis, criminal database etc. require image database. The motivation behind this paper is to compare database performance in terms of time required to store and retrieve images from database. In this paper, firstly we are going describe advantages of NoSQL databases over SQL, then brief idea about MongoDB and CouchBase and finally comparison of time required to insert various size images in databases and to retrieve various size images using front end tool Java.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "1d53b01ee1a721895a17b7d0f3535a28",
"text": "We present a suite of algorithms for self-organization of wireless sensor networks, in which there is a scalably large number of mainly static nodes with highly constrained energy resources. The protocols further support slow mobility by a subset of the nodes, energy-efficient routing, and formation of ad hoc subnetworks for carrying out cooperative signal processing functions among a set of the nodes. † This research is supported by DARPA contract number F04701-97-C-0010, and was presented in part at the 37 Allerton Conference on Communication, Computing and Control, September 1999. ‡ Corresponding author.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "aeb3e0b089e658b532b3ed6c626898dd",
"text": "Semantics is seen as the key ingredient in the next phase of the Web infrastructure as well as the next generation of information systems applications. In this context, we review some of the reservations expressed about the viability of the Semantic Web. We respond to these by identifying a Semantic Technology that supports the key capabilities also needed to realize the Semantic Web vision, namely representing, acquiring and utilizing knowledge. Given that scalability is a key challenge, we briefly review our observations from developing three classes of real world applications and corresponding technology components: search/browsing, integration, and analytics. We distinguish this proven technology from some parts of the Semantic Web approach and offer subjective remarks which we hope will foster additional debate.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "72a5db33e2ba44880b3801987b399c3d",
"text": "Over the last decade, the ever increasing world-wide demand for early detection of breast cancer at many screening sites and hospitals has resulted in the need of new research avenues. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), an early detection of cancer greatly increases the chances of taking the right decision on a successful treatment plan. The Computer-Aided Diagnosis (CAD) systems are applied widely in the detection and differential diagnosis of many different kinds of abnormalities. Therefore, improving the accuracy of a CAD system has become one of the major research areas. In this paper, a CAD scheme for detection of breast cancer has been developed using deep belief network unsupervised path followed by back propagation supervised path. The construction is back-propagation neural network with Liebenberg Marquardt learning function while weights are initialized from the deep belief network path (DBN-NN). Our technique was tested on the Wisconsin Breast Cancer Dataset (WBCD). The classifier complex gives an accuracy of 99.68% indicating promising results over previously-published studies. The proposed system provides an effective classification model for breast cancer. In addition, we examined the architecture at several train-test partitions. © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "2c4fed71ee9d658516b017a924ad6589",
"text": "As the concept of Friction stir welding is relatively new, there are many areas, which need thorough investigation to optimize and make it commercially viable. In order to obtain the desired mechanical properties, certain process parameters, like rotational and translation speeds, tool tilt angle, tool geometry etc. are to be controlled. Aluminum alloys of 5xxx series and their welded joints show good resistance to corrosion in sea water. Here, a literature survey has been carried out for the friction stir welding of 5xxx series aluminum alloys.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "77e5724ff3b8984a1296731848396701",
"text": "Temporal networks, i.e., networks in which the interactions among a set of elementary units change over time, can be modelled in terms of timevarying graphs, which are time-ordered sequences of graphs over a set of nodes. In such graphs, the concepts of node adjacency and reachability crucially depend on the exact temporal ordering of the links. Consequently, all the concepts and metrics proposed and used for the characterisation of static complex networks have to be redefined or appropriately extended to time-varying graphs, in order to take into account the effects of time ordering on causality. In this chapter we V. Nicosia ( ) Computer Laboratory, University of Cambridge, 15 JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0FD, UK e-mail: V.Nicosia@qmul.ac.uk Laboratorio sui Sistemi Complessi, Scuola Superiore di Catania, Via Valdisavoia 9, 95123 Catania, Italy J. Tang C. Mascolo Computer Laboratory, University of Cambridge, 15 JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0FD, UK M. Musolesi ( ) School of Computer Science, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK e-mail: m.musolesi@cs.bham.ac.uk G. Russo Dipartimento di Matematica e Informatica, Universitá di Catania, Via S. Sofia 64, 95123 Catania, Italy V. Latora Laboratorio sui Sistemi Complessi, Scuola Superiore di Catania, Via Valdisavoia 9, 95123 Catania, Italy School of Mathematical Sciences, Queen Mary, University of London, E1 4NS London, UK Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia and INFN, Universitá di Catania, Via S. Sofia 64, 95123 Catania, Italy P. Holme and J. Saramäki (eds.), Temporal Networks, Understanding Complex Systems, DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-36461-7 2, © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2013 15 16 V. Nicosia et al. discuss how to represent temporal networks and we review the definitions of walks, paths, connectedness and connected components valid for graphs in which the links fluctuate over time. We then focus on temporal node–node distance, and we discuss how to characterise link persistence and the temporal small-world behaviour in this class of networks. Finally, we discuss the extension of classic centrality measures, including closeness, betweenness and spectral centrality, to the case of time-varying graphs, and we review the work on temporal motifs analysis and the definition of modularity for temporal graphs.",
"title": ""
}
] | scidocsrr |
146547ed597a23462ff5fccb23c76181 | A vision-guided autonomous quadrotor in an air-ground multi-robot system | [
{
"docid": "5cdcb7073bd0f8e1b0affe5ffb4adfc7",
"text": "This paper presents a nonlinear controller for hovering flight and touchdown control for a vertical take-off and landing (VTOL) unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) using inertial optical flow. The VTOL vehicle is assumed to be a rigid body, equipped with a minimum sensor suite (camera and IMU), manoeuvring over a textured flat target plane. Two different tasks are considered in this paper: the first concerns the stability of hovering flight and the second one concerns regulation of automatic landing using the divergent optical flow as feedback information. Experimental results on a quad-rotor UAV demonstrate the performance of the proposed control strategy.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "cff9a7f38ca6699b235c774232a56f54",
"text": "This paper presents a Miniature Aerial Vehicle (MAV) capable of handsoff autonomous operation within indoor environments. Our prototype is a Quadrotor weighing approximately 600g, with a diameter of 550mm, which carries the necessary electronics for stability control, altitude control, collision avoidance and anti-drift control. This MAV is equipped with three rate gyroscopes, three accelerometers, one ultrasonic sensor, four infrared sensors, a high-speed motor controller and a flight computer. Autonomous flight tests have been carried out in a 7x6-m room.",
"title": ""
}
] | [
{
"docid": "569a7cfcf7dd4cc5132dc7ffa107bfcf",
"text": "We present the results of a study of definite descriptions use in written texts aimed at assessing the feasibility of annotating corpora with information about definite description interpretation. We ran two experiments, in which subjects were asked to classify the uses of definite descriptions in a corpus of 33 newspaper articles, containing a total of 1412 definite descriptions. We measured the agreement among annotators about the classes assigned to definite descriptions, as well as the agreement about the antecedent assigned to those definites that the annotators classified as being related to an antecedent in the text. Themost interesting result of this study from a corpus annotation perspective was the rather low agreement (K=0.63) that we obtained using versions of Hawkins’ and Prince’s classification schemes; better results (K=0.76) were obtained using the simplified scheme proposed by Fraurud that includes only two classes, first-mention and subsequent-mention. The agreement about antecedents was also not complete. These findings raise questions concerning the strategy of evaluating systems for definite description interpretation by comparing their results with a standardized annotation. From a linguistic point of view, the most interesting observations were the great number of discourse-newdefinites in our corpus (in one of our experiments, about 50% of the definites in the collection were classified as discourse-new, 30% as anaphoric, and 18% as associative/bridging) and the presence of definites which did not seem to require a complete disambiguation. This paper will appear in Computational Linguistics.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "89cba76ab33c66a3687481ea56e1e556",
"text": "With sustained growth of software complexity, finding security vulnerabilities in operating systems has become an important necessity. Nowadays, OS are shipped with thousands of binary executables. Unfortunately, methodologies and tools for an OS scale program testing within a limited time budget are still missing.\n In this paper we present an approach that uses lightweight static and dynamic features to predict if a test case is likely to contain a software vulnerability using machine learning techniques. To show the effectiveness of our approach, we set up a large experiment to detect easily exploitable memory corruptions using 1039 Debian programs obtained from its bug tracker, collected 138,308 unique execution traces and statically explored 76,083 different subsequences of function calls. We managed to predict with reasonable accuracy which programs contained dangerous memory corruptions.\n We also developed and implemented VDiscover, a tool that uses state-of-the-art Machine Learning techniques to predict vulnerabilities in test cases. Such tool will be released as open-source to encourage the research of vulnerability discovery at a large scale, together with VDiscovery, a public dataset that collects raw analyzed data.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "06f99b18bae3f15e77db8ff2d8c159cc",
"text": "The exact nature of the relationship among species range sizes, speciation, and extinction events is not well understood. The factors that promote larger ranges, such as broad niche widths and high dispersal abilities, could increase the likelihood of encountering new habitats but also prevent local adaptation due to high gene flow. Similarly, low dispersal abilities or narrower niche widths could cause populations to be isolated, but such populations may lack advantageous mutations due to low population sizes. Here we present a large-scale, spatially explicit, individual-based model addressing the relationships between species ranges, speciation, and extinction. We followed the evolutionary dynamics of hundreds of thousands of diploid individuals for 200,000 generations. Individuals adapted to multiple resources and formed ecological species in a multidimensional trait space. These species varied in niche widths, and we observed the coexistence of generalists and specialists on a few resources. Our model shows that species ranges correlate with dispersal abilities but do not change with the strength of fitness trade-offs; however, high dispersal abilities and low resource utilization costs, which favored broad niche widths, have a strong negative effect on speciation rates. An unexpected result of our model is the strong effect of underlying resource distributions on speciation: in highly fragmented landscapes, speciation rates are reduced.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "5637bed8be75d7e79a2c2adb95d4c28e",
"text": "BACKGROUND\nLimited evidence exists to show that adding a third agent to platinum-doublet chemotherapy improves efficacy in the first-line advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) setting. The anti-PD-1 antibody pembrolizumab has shown efficacy as monotherapy in patients with advanced NSCLC and has a non-overlapping toxicity profile with chemotherapy. We assessed whether the addition of pembrolizumab to platinum-doublet chemotherapy improves efficacy in patients with advanced non-squamous NSCLC.\n\n\nMETHODS\nIn this randomised, open-label, phase 2 cohort of a multicohort study (KEYNOTE-021), patients were enrolled at 26 medical centres in the USA and Taiwan. Patients with chemotherapy-naive, stage IIIB or IV, non-squamous NSCLC without targetable EGFR or ALK genetic aberrations were randomly assigned (1:1) in blocks of four stratified by PD-L1 tumour proportion score (<1% vs ≥1%) using an interactive voice-response system to 4 cycles of pembrolizumab 200 mg plus carboplatin area under curve 5 mg/mL per min and pemetrexed 500 mg/m2 every 3 weeks followed by pembrolizumab for 24 months and indefinite pemetrexed maintenance therapy or to 4 cycles of carboplatin and pemetrexed alone followed by indefinite pemetrexed maintenance therapy. The primary endpoint was the proportion of patients who achieved an objective response, defined as the percentage of patients with radiologically confirmed complete or partial response according to Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors version 1.1 assessed by masked, independent central review, in the intention-to-treat population, defined as all patients who were allocated to study treatment. Significance threshold was p<0·025 (one sided). Safety was assessed in the as-treated population, defined as all patients who received at least one dose of the assigned study treatment. This trial, which is closed for enrolment but continuing for follow-up, is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT02039674.\n\n\nFINDINGS\nBetween Nov 25, 2014, and Jan 25, 2016, 123 patients were enrolled; 60 were randomly assigned to the pembrolizumab plus chemotherapy group and 63 to the chemotherapy alone group. 33 (55%; 95% CI 42-68) of 60 patients in the pembrolizumab plus chemotherapy group achieved an objective response compared with 18 (29%; 18-41) of 63 patients in the chemotherapy alone group (estimated treatment difference 26% [95% CI 9-42%]; p=0·0016). The incidence of grade 3 or worse treatment-related adverse events was similar between groups (23 [39%] of 59 patients in the pembrolizumab plus chemotherapy group and 16 [26%] of 62 in the chemotherapy alone group). The most common grade 3 or worse treatment-related adverse events in the pembrolizumab plus chemotherapy group were anaemia (seven [12%] of 59) and decreased neutrophil count (three [5%]); an additional six events each occurred in two (3%) for acute kidney injury, decreased lymphocyte count, fatigue, neutropenia, and sepsis, and thrombocytopenia. In the chemotherapy alone group, the most common grade 3 or worse events were anaemia (nine [15%] of 62) and decreased neutrophil count, pancytopenia, and thrombocytopenia (two [3%] each). One (2%) of 59 patients in the pembrolizumab plus chemotherapy group experienced treatment-related death because of sepsis compared with two (3%) of 62 patients in the chemotherapy group: one because of sepsis and one because of pancytopenia.\n\n\nINTERPRETATION\nCombination of pembrolizumab, carboplatin, and pemetrexed could be an effective and tolerable first-line treatment option for patients with advanced non-squamous NSCLC. This finding is being further explored in an ongoing international, randomised, double-blind, phase 3 study.\n\n\nFUNDING\nMerck & Co.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "cb693221e954efcc593b46553d7bea6f",
"text": "The increased accessibility of digitally sourced data and advance technology to analyse it drives many industries to digital change. Many global businesses are talking about the potential of big data and they believe that analysing big data sets can help businesses derive competitive insight and shape organisations’ marketing strategy decisions. Potential impact of digital technology varies widely by industry. Sectors such as financial services, insurances and mobile telecommunications which are offering virtual rather than physical products are more likely highly susceptible to digital transformation. Howeverthe interaction between digital technology and organisations is complex and there are many barriers for to effective digital change which are presented by big data. Changes brought by technology challenges both researchers and practitioners. Various global business and digital tends have highlights the emergent need for collaboration between academia and market practitioners. There are “theories-in – use” which are academically rigorous but still there is gap between implementation of theory in practice. In this paper we identify theoretical dilemmas of the digital revolution and importance of challenges within practice. Preliminary results show that those industries that tried to narrow the gap and put necessary mechanisms in place to make use of big data for marketing are upfront on the market. INTRODUCTION Advances in digital technology has made a significant impact on marketing theory and practice. Technology expands the opportunity to capture better quality customer data, increase focus on customer relationship, rise of customer insight and Customer Relationship Management (CRM). Availability of big data made traditional marketing tools to work more powerful and innovative way. In current digital age of marketing some predictions of effects of the digital changes have come to function but still there is no definite answer to what works and what doesn’t in terms of implementing the changes in an organisation context. The choice of this specific topic is motivated by the need for a better understanding for impact of digital on marketing fild.This paper will discusses the potential positive impact of the big data on digital marketing. It also present the evidence of positive views in academia and highlight the gap between academia and practices. The main focus is on understanding the gap and providing recommendation for fillingit in. The aim of this paper is to identify theoretical dilemmas of the digital revolution and importance of challenges within practice. Preliminary results presented here show that those industries that tried to narrow the gap and put necessary mechanisms in place to make use of big data for marketing are upfront on the market. In our discussion we shall identify these industries and present evaluations of which industry sectors would need to be looking at understanding of impact that big data may have on their practices and businesses. Digital Marketing and Big data In early 90’s when views about digital changes has started Parsons at el (1998) believed that to achieve success in digital marketing consumer marketers should create a new model with five essential elements in new media environment. Figure below shows five success factors and issues that marketers should address around it. Figure 1. Digital marketing Framework and levers Parson et al (1998) International Conference on Communication, Media, Technology and Design 24 26 April 2014, Istanbul – Turkey 147 Today in digital age of marketing some predictions of effects of this changes have come to function but still there is no define answers on what works and what doesn’t in terms of implement it in organisation context.S. Dibb (2012). There are deferent explanations, arguments and views about impact of digital on marketing strategy in the literature. At first, it is important to define what is meant by digital marketing, what are the challenges brought by it and then understand how it is adopted. Simply, Digital Marketing (2012) can be defined as “a sub branch of traditional Marketing using modern digital channels for the placement of products such as downloadable music, and primarily for communicating with stakeholders e.g. customers and investors about brand, products and business progress”. According to (Smith, 2007) the digital marketing refers “The use of digital technologies to create an integrated, targeted and measurable communication which helps to acquire and retain customers while building deeper relationships with them”. There are a number of accepted theoretical frameworks however as Parsons et al (1998) suggested potentialities offered by digital marketing need to consider carefully where and how to build in each organisation by the senior managers. The most recent developments in this area has been triggered by growing amount of digital data now known as Big Data. Tech American Foundation (2004) defines Big Data as a “term that describes large volumes of high velocity, complex and variable data that require advanced techniques and technologies to enable the capture storage, distribution, management and analysis of information”. D. Krajicek (2013) argues that the big challenge of Big Data is the ability to focus on what is meaningful not on what is possible, with so much information at their fingerprint marketers and their research partners can and often do fall into “more is better” fallacy. Knowing something and knowing it quickly is not enough. Therefore to have valuable Big data it needs to be sorted by professional people who have skills to understand dynamics of market and can identify what is relevant and meaningful. G. Day (2011). Data should be used for achieve competitive advantage by creating effective relationship with the target segments. According to K. Kendall (2014) with de right capabilities, you can take a whole range of new data sources such as web browsing, social data and geotracking data and develop much more complete profile about your customers and then with this information you can segment better. Successful Big Data initiatives should start with a specific and clearly defined business requirement then leaders of these initiatives need to assess the technical requirement and identify gap in their capabilities and then plan the investment to close those gaps (Big Data Analytics 2014) The impact and current challenges Bileviciene (2012) suggest that well conducted market research is the basis for successful marketing and well conducted study is the basis of successful market segmentation. Generally marketing management is broken down into a series of steps, which include market research, segmentation of markets and positioning the company’s offering in such a way as to appeal to the targeted segments. (OU Business school, 2007) Market segmentation refers to the process of defining and subdividing a large homogenous market into clearly identifiable segments having similar needs, wants, or demand characteristics. Its objective is to design a marketing mix that precisely matches the expectations of customers in the targeted segment (Business dictation, 2013). The goal for segmentation is to break down the target market into different consumers groups. According to Kotler and Armstrong (2011) traditionally customers were classified based on four types of segmentation variables, geographic, demographic, psychographic and behavioural. There are many focuses, beliefs and arguments in the field of market segmentation. Many researchers believe that the traditional variables of demographic and geographic segments are out-dated and the theory regarding segmentation has become too narrow (Quinn and Dibb, 2010). According to Lin (2002), these variables should be a part of a new, expanded view of the market segmentation theory that focuses more on customer’s personalities and values. Dibb and Simkin (2009) argue that priorities of market segmentation research aim to exploring the applicability of new segmentation bases across different products and contexts, developing more flexible data analysis techniques, creating new research designs and data collection approaches, however practical questions about implementation and integration have received less attention. According to S. Dibb (2012) in academic perspective segmentation still has strategic and tactical role as shown on figure below. But in practice as Dibb argues “some things have not changed” and: Segmentation’s strategic role still matters Implementation is as much of a pain as always Even the smartest segments need embedding International Conference on Communication, Media, Technology and Design 24 26 April 2014, Istanbul – Turkey 148 Figure 2: role of segmentation S. Dibb (2012) Dilemmas with the Implementation of digital change arise for various reasons. Some academics believed that greater access to data would reduce the need for more traditional segmentation but research done on the field shows that traditional segmentation works equal to CRM ( W. Boulding et al 2005). Even thought the marketing literature offers insights for improving the effectiveness of digital changes in marketing filed there is limitation on how an organisation adapts its customer information processes once the technology is adjusted into the organisation. (J. Peltier et al 2012) suggest that there is an urgent need for data management studies that captures insights from other disciplines including organisational behaviour, change management and technology implementation. Reibstein et al (2009) also highlights the emergent need for collaboration between academia and market practitioners. They point out that there is a “digital skill gap” within the marketing filed. Authors argue that there are “theories-in – use” which are academically rigorous but still there is gap between implementation of theory in practice. Changes brought by technology and availability of di",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "a5a7e3fe9d6eaf8fc25e7fd91b74219e",
"text": "We present in this paper a new approach that uses supervised machine learning techniques to improve the performances of optimization algorithms in the context of mixed-integer programming (MIP). We focus on the branch-and-bound (B&B) algorithm, which is the traditional algorithm used to solve MIP problems. In B&B, variable branching is the key component that most conditions the efficiency of the optimization. Good branching strategies exist but are computationally expensive and usually hinder the optimization rather than improving it. Our approach consists in imitating the decisions taken by a supposedly good branching strategy, strong branching in our case, with a fast approximation. To this end, we develop a set of features describing the state of the ongoing optimization and show how supervised machine learning can be used to approximate the desired branching strategy. The approximated function is created by a supervised machine learning algorithm from a set of observed branching decisions taken by the target strategy. The experiments performed on randomly generated and standard benchmark (MIPLIB) problems show promising results.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "c5851a9fe60c0127a351668ba5b0f21d",
"text": "We examined salivary C-reactive protein (CRP) levels in the context of tobacco smoke exposure (TSE) in healthy youth. We hypothesized that there would be a dose-response relationship between TSE status and salivary CRP levels. This work is a pilot study (N = 45) for a larger investigation in which we aim to validate salivary CRP against serum CRP, the gold standard measurement of low-grade inflammation. Participants were healthy youth with no self-reported periodontal disease, no objectively measured obesity/adiposity, and no clinical depression, based on the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II). We assessed tobacco smoking and confirmed smoking status (non-smoking, passive smoking, and active smoking) with salivary cotinine measurement. We measured salivary CRP by the ELISA method. We controlled for several potential confounders. We found evidence for the existence of a dose-response relationship between the TSE status and salivary CRP levels. Our preliminary findings indicate that salivary CRP seems to have a similar relation to TSE as its widely used serum (systemic inflammatory) biomarker counterpart.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "a4933829bafd2d1e7c3ae3a9ab50c165",
"text": "Head drop is a symptom commonly seen in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. These patients usually experience neck pain and have difficulty in swallowing and breathing. Static neck braces are used in current treatment. These braces, however, immobilize the head in a single configuration, which causes muscle atrophy. This letter presents the design of a dynamic neck brace for the first time in the literature, which can both measure and potentially assist in the head motion of the human user. This letter introduces the brace design method and validates its capability to perform measurements. The brace is designed based on kinematics data collected from a healthy individual via a motion capture system. A pilot study was conducted to evaluate the wearability of the brace and the accuracy of measurements with the brace. This study recruited ten participants who performed a series of head motions. The results of this human study indicate that the brace is wearable by individuals who vary in size, the brace allows nearly $70\\%$ of the overall range of head rotations, and the sensors on the brace give accurate motion of the head with an error of under $5^{\\circ }$ when compared to a motion capture system. We believe that this neck brace can be a valid and accurate measurement tool for human head motion. This brace will be a big improvement in the available technologies to measure head motion as these are currently done in the clinic using hand-held protractors in two orthogonal planes.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "7ccac1f6b753518495c44a48f4ec324a",
"text": "We propose a method to recover the shape of a 3D room from a full-view indoor panorama. Our algorithm can automatically infer a 3D shape from a collection of partially oriented superpixel facets and line segments. The core part of the algorithm is a constraint graph, which includes lines and superpixels as vertices, and encodes their geometric relations as edges. A novel approach is proposed to perform 3D reconstruction based on the constraint graph by solving all the geometric constraints as constrained linear least-squares. The selected constraints used for reconstruction are identified using an occlusion detection method with a Markov random field. Experiments show that our method can recover room shapes that can not be addressed by previous approaches. Our method is also efficient, that is, the inference time for each panorama is less than 1 minute.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "126b52ab2e2585eabf3345ef7fb39c51",
"text": "We propose a method to build in real-time animated 3D head models using a consumer-grade RGB-D camera. Our framework is the first one to provide simultaneously comprehensive facial motion tracking and a detailed 3D model of the user's head. Anyone's head can be instantly reconstructed and his facial motion captured without requiring any training or pre-scanning. The user starts facing the camera with a neutral expression in the first frame, but is free to move, talk and change his face expression as he wills otherwise. The facial motion is tracked using a blendshape representation while the fine geometric details are captured using a Bump image mapped over the template mesh. We propose an efficient algorithm to grow and refine the 3D model of the head on-the-fly and in real-time. We demonstrate robust and high-fidelity simultaneous facial motion tracking and 3D head modeling results on a wide range of subjects with various head poses and facial expressions. Our proposed method offers interesting possibilities for animation production and 3D video telecommunications.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "d912931af094b91634e2c194e5372c1e",
"text": "Threats from social engineering can cause organisations severe damage if they are not considered and managed. In order to understand how to manage those threats, it is important to examine reasons why organisational employees fall victim to social engineering. In this paper, the objective is to understand security behaviours in practice by investigating factors that may cause an individual to comply with a request posed by a perpetrator. In order to attain this objective, we collect data through a scenario-based survey and conduct phishing experiments in three organisations. The results from the experiment reveal that the degree of target information in an attack increases the likelihood that an organisational employee fall victim to an actual attack. Further, an individual’s trust and risk behaviour significantly affects the actual behaviour during the phishing experiment. Computer experience at work, helpfulness and gender (females tend to be less susceptible to a generic attack than men), has a significant correlation with behaviour reported by respondents in the scenario-based survey. No correlation between the performance in the scenario-based survey and experiment was found. We argue that the result does not imply that one or the other method should be ruled out as they have both advantages and disadvantages which should be considered in the context of collecting data in the critical domain of information security. Discussions of the findings, implications and recommendations for future research are further provided.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "f69d31b04233f59dd92127cee5321910",
"text": "The subject of this talk is Morse landscapes of natural functionals on infinitedimensional moduli spaces appearing in Riemannian geometry. First, we explain how recursion theory can be used to demonstrate that for many natural functionals on spaces of Riemannian structures, spaces of submanifolds, etc., their Morse landscapes are always more complicated than what follows from purely topological reasons. These Morse landscapes exhibit non-trivial “deep” local minima, cycles in sublevel sets that become nullhomologous only in sublevel sets corresponding to a much higher value of functional, etc. Our second topic is Morse landscapes of the length functional on loop spaces. Here the main conclusion (obtained jointly with Regina Rotman) is that these Morse landscapes can be much more complicated than what follows from topological considerations only if the length functional has “many” “deep” local minima, and the values of the length at these local minima are not “very large”. Mathematics Subject Classification (2000). Primary 53C23, 58E11, 53C20; Secondary 03D80, 68Q30, 53C40, 58E05.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "ab231cbc45541b5bdbd0da82571b44ca",
"text": "ABSTRACT Evidence of Sedona magnetic anomaly and brainwave EEG synchronization can be demonstrated with portable equipment on site in the field, during sudden magnetic events. Previously, we have demonstrated magnetic anomaly charts recorded in both known and unrecognized Sedona vortex activity locations. We have also shown a correlation or amplification of vortex phenomena with Schumann Resonance. Adding the third measurable parameter of brain wave activity, we demonstrate resonance and amplification among them. We suggest tiny magnetic crystals, biogenic magnetite, make human beings highly sensitive to ELF field fluctuations. Biological Magnetite could act as a transducer of both low frequency magnetic fields and RF fields.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "ae8f5c568b2fdbb2dbef39ac277ddb24",
"text": "Knowledge graph construction consists of two tasks: extracting information from external resources (knowledge population) and inferring missing information through a statistical analysis on the extracted information (knowledge completion). In many cases, insufficient external resources in the knowledge population hinder the subsequent statistical inference. The gap between these two processes can be reduced by an incremental population approach. We propose a new probabilistic knowledge graph factorisation method that benefits from the path structure of existing knowledge (e.g. syllogism) and enables a common modelling approach to be used for both incremental population and knowledge completion tasks. More specifically, the probabilistic formulation allows us to develop an incremental population algorithm that trades off exploitation-exploration. Experiments on three benchmark datasets show that the balanced exploitation-exploration helps the incremental population, and the additional path structure helps to predict missing information in knowledge completion.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "f383934a6b4b5971158e001b41f1f2ac",
"text": "A survey of mental health problems of university students was carried out on 1850 participants in the age range 19-26 years. An indigenous Student Problem Checklist (SPCL) developed by Mahmood & Saleem, (2011), 45 items is a rating scale, designed to determine the prevalence rate of mental health problem among university students. This scale relates to four dimensions of mental health problems as reported by university students, such as: Sense of Being Dysfunctional, Loss of Confidence, Lack of self Regulation and Anxiety Proneness. For interpretation of the overall SPCL score, the authors suggest that scores falling above one SD should be considered as indicative of severe problems, where as score about 2 SD represent very severe problems. Our finding show that 31% of the participants fall in the “severe” category, whereas 16% fall in the “very severe” category. As far as the individual dimensions are concerned, 17% respondents comprising sample of the present study fall in very severe category Sense of Being Dysfunctional, followed by Loss of Confidence (16%), Lack of Self Regulation (14%) and Anxiety Proneness (12%). These findings are in lying with similar other studies on mental health of students. The role of variables like sample characteristics, the measure used, cultural and contextual factors are discussed in determining rates as well as their implications for student counseling service in prevention and intervention.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "8439dbba880179895ab98a521b4c254f",
"text": "Given the increase in demand for sustainable livelihoods for coastal villagers in developing countries and for the commercial eucheumoid Kappaphycus alvarezii (Doty) Doty, for the carrageenan industry, there is a trend towards introducing K. alvarezii to more countries in the tropical world for the purpose of cultivation. However, there is also increasing concern over the impact exotic species have on endemic ecosystems and biodiversity. Quarantine and introduction procedures were tested in northern Madagascar and are proposed for all future introductions of commercial eucheumoids (K. alvarezii, K. striatum and Eucheuma denticulatum). In addition, the impact and extent of introduction of K. alvarezii was measured on an isolated lagoon in the southern Lau group of Fiji. It is suggested that, in areas with high human population density, the overwhelming benefits to coastal ecosystems by commercial eucheumoid cultivation far outweigh potential negative impacts. However, quarantine and introduction procedures should be followed. In addition, introduction should only take place if a thorough survey has been conducted and indicates the site is appropriate. Subsequently, the project requires that a well designed and funded cultivation development programme, with a management plan and an assured market, is in place in order to make certain cultivation, and subsequently the introduced algae, will not be abandoned at a later date. KAPPAPHYCUS ALVAREZI",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "3eee111e4521528031019f83786efab7",
"text": "Social media platforms such as Twitter and Facebook enable the creation of virtual customer environments (VCEs) where online communities of interest form around specific firms, brands, or products. While these platforms can be used as another means to deliver familiar e-commerce applications, when firms fail to fully engage their customers, they also fail to fully exploit the capabilities of social media platforms. To gain business value, organizations need to incorporate community building as part of the implementation of social media.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "6573b7d885685615d99f2ef21a7fce99",
"text": "Keyword search on graph structured data has attracted a lot of attention in recent years. Graphs are a natural “lowest common denominator” representation which can combine relational, XML and HTML data. Responses to keyword queries are usually modeled as trees that connect nodes matching the keywords. In this paper we address the problem of keyword search on graphs that may be significantly larger than memory. We propose a graph representation technique that combines a condensed version of the graph (the “supernode graph”) which is always memory resident, along with whatever parts of the detailed graph are in a cache, to form a multi-granular graph representation. We propose two alternative approaches which extend existing search algorithms to exploit multigranular graphs; both approaches attempt to minimize IO by directing search towards areas of the graph that are likely to give good results. We compare our algorithms with a virtual memory approach on several real data sets. Our experimental results show significant benefits in terms of reduction in IO due to our algorithms.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "a636f977eb29b870cefe040f3089de44",
"text": "We consider the network implications of virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR). While there are intrinsic challenges for AR/VR applications to deliver on their promise, their impact on the underlying infrastructure will be undeniable. We look at augmented and virtual reality and consider a few use cases where they could be deployed. These use cases define a set of requirements for the underlying network. We take a brief look at potential network architectures. We then make the case for Information-centric networks as a potential architecture to assist the deployment of AR/VR and draw a list of challenges and future research directions for next generation networks to better support AR/VR.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "af5a8f2811ff334d742f802c6c1b7833",
"text": "Kalman filter extensions are commonly used algorithms for nonlinear state estimation in time series. The structure of the state and measurement models in the estimation problem can be exploited to reduce the computational demand of the algorithms. We review algorithms that use different forms of structure and show how they can be combined. We show also that the exploitation of the structure of the problem can lead to improved accuracy of the estimates while reducing the computational load.",
"title": ""
}
] | scidocsrr |
b720c9f662b395d0237232a6b0c85d5c | Hidden Roles of CSR : Perceived Corporate Social Responsibility as a Preventive against Counterproductive Work Behaviors | [
{
"docid": "92d1abda02a6c6e1c601930bfbb7ed3d",
"text": "In spite of the increasing importance of corporate social responsibility (CSR) and employee job performance, little is still known about the links between the socially responsible actions of organizations and the job performance of their members. In order to explain how employees’ perceptions of CSR influence their job performance, this study first examines the relationships between perceived CSR, organizational identification, job satisfaction, and job performance, and then develops a sequential mediation model by fully integrating these links. The results of structural equation modeling analyses conducted for 250 employees at hotels in South Korea offered strong support for the proposed model. We found that perceived CSR was indirectly and positively associated with job performance sequentially mediated first through organizational identification and then job satisfaction. This study theoretically contributes to the CSR literature by revealing the sequential mechanism through which employees’ perceptions of CSR affect their job performance, and offers practical implications by stressing the importance of employees’ perceptions of CSR. Limitations of this study and future research directions are discussed.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "fb34b610cd933da8c7f863249f32f9a2",
"text": "The purpose of this research was to develop broad, theoretically derived measure(s) of deviant behavior in the workplace. Two scales were developed: a 12-item scale of organizational deviance (deviant behaviors directly harmful to the organization) and a 7-item scale of interpersonal deviance (deviant behaviors directly harmful to other individuals within the organization). These scales were found to have internal reliabilities of .81 and .78, respectively. Confirmatory factor analysis verified that a 2-factor structure had acceptable fit. Preliminary evidence of construct validity is also provided. The implications of this instrument for future empirical research on workplace deviance are discussed.",
"title": ""
}
] | [
{
"docid": "73270e8140d763510d97f7bd2fdd969e",
"text": "Inspired by the progress of deep neural network (DNN) in single-media retrieval, the researchers have applied the DNN to cross-media retrieval. These methods are mainly two-stage learning: the first stage is to generate the separate representation for each media type, and the existing methods only model the intra-media information but ignore the inter-media correlation with the rich complementary context to the intra-media information. The second stage is to get the shared representation by learning the cross-media correlation, and the existing methods learn the shared representation through a shallow network structure, which cannot fully capture the complex cross-media correlation. For addressing the above problems, we propose the cross-media multiple deep network (CMDN) to exploit the complex cross-media correlation by hierarchical learning. In the first stage, CMDN jointly models the intra-media and intermedia information for getting the complementary separate representation of each media type. In the second stage, CMDN hierarchically combines the inter-media and intra-media representations to further learn the rich cross-media correlation by a deeper two-level network strategy, and finally get the shared representation by a stacked network style. Experiment results show that CMDN achieves better performance comparing with several state-of-the-art methods on 3 extensively used cross-media datasets.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "266b705308b6f7c236f54bb327f315ec",
"text": "In this paper, we examine the generalization error of regularized distance metric learning. We show that with appropriate constraints, the generalization error of regularized distance metric learning could be independent from the dimensionality, making it suitable for handling high dimensional data. In addition, we present an efficient online learning algorithm for regularized distance metric learning. Our empirical studies with data classification and face recognition show that the proposed algorithm is (i) effective for distance metric learning when compared to the state-of-the-art methods, and (ii) efficient and robust for high dimensional data.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "4b1c46a58d132e3b168186848122e1d0",
"text": "Recently, there has been considerable interest in providing \"trusted computing platforms\" using hardware~---~TCPA and Palladium being the most publicly visible examples. In this paper we discuss our experience with building such a platform using a traditional time-sharing operating system executing on XOM~---~a processor architecture that provides copy protection and tamper-resistance functions. In XOM, only the processor is trusted; main memory and the operating system are not trusted.Our operating system (XOMOS) manages hardware resources for applications that don't trust it. This requires a division of responsibilities between the operating system and hardware that is unlike previous systems. We describe techniques for providing traditional operating systems services in this context.Since an implementation of a XOM processor does not exist, we use SimOS to simulate the hardware. We modify IRIX 6.5, a commercially available operating system to create xomos. We are then able to analyze the performance and implementation overheads of running an untrusted operating system on trusted hardware.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "f7d56588da8f5c5ac0f1481e5f2286b4",
"text": "Machine learning is an established method of selecting algorithms to solve hard search problems. Despite this, to date no systematic comparison and evaluation of the different techniques has been performed and the performance of existing systems has not been critically compared to other approaches. We compare machine learning techniques for algorithm selection on real-world data sets of hard search problems. In addition to well-established approaches, for the first time we also apply statistical relational learning to this problem. We demonstrate that most machine learning techniques and existing systems perform less well than one might expect. To guide practitioners, we close by giving clear recommendations as to which machine learning techniques are likely to perform well based on our experiments.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "980565c38859db2df10db238d8a4dc61",
"text": "Performing High Voltage (HV) tasks with a multi craft work force create a special set of safety circumstances. This paper aims to present vital information relating to when it is acceptable to use a single or a two-layer soil structure. Also it discusses the implication of the high voltage infrastructure on the earth grid and the safety of this implication under a single or a two-layer soil structure. A multiple case study is investigated to show the importance of using the right soil resistivity structure during the earthing system design. Keywords—Earth Grid, EPR, High Voltage, Soil Resistivity Structure, Step Voltage, Touch Voltage.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "3a75bf4c982d076fce3b4cdcd560881a",
"text": "This project is one of the research topics in Professor William Dally’s group. In this project, we developed a pruning based method to learn both weights and connections for Long Short Term Memory (LSTM). In this method, we discard the unimportant connections in a pretrained LSTM, and make the weight matrix sparse. Then, we retrain the remaining model. After we remaining model is converge, we prune this model again and retrain the remaining model iteratively, until we achieve the desired size of model and performance. This method will save the size of the LSTM as well as prevent overfitting. Our results retrained on NeuralTalk shows that we can discard nearly 90% of the weights without hurting the performance too much. Part of the results in this project will be posted in NIPS 2015.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "64d4776be8e2dbb0fa3b30d6efe5876c",
"text": "This paper presents a novel method for hierarchically organizing large face databases, with application to efficient identity-based face retrieval. The method relies on metric learning with local binary pattern (LBP) features. On one hand, LBP features have proved to be highly resilient to various appearance changes due to illumination and contrast variations while being extremely efficient to calculate. On the other hand, metric learning (ML) approaches have been proved very successful for face verification ‘in the wild’, i.e. in uncontrolled face images with large amounts of variations in pose, expression, appearances, lighting, etc. While such ML based approaches compress high dimensional features into low dimensional spaces using discriminatively learned projections, the complexity of retrieval is still significant for large scale databases (with millions of faces). The present paper shows that learning such discriminative projections locally while organizing the database hierarchically leads to a more accurate and efficient system. The proposed method is validated on the standard Labeled Faces in the Wild (LFW) benchmark dataset with millions of additional distracting face images collected from photos on the internet.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "17f0fbd3ab3b773b5ef9d636700b5af6",
"text": "Motor sequence learning is a process whereby a series of elementary movements is re-coded into an efficient representation for the entire sequence. Here we show that human subjects learn a visuomotor sequence by spontaneously chunking the elementary movements, while each chunk acts as a single memory unit. The subjects learned to press a sequence of 10 sets of two buttons through trial and error. By examining the temporal patterns with which subjects performed a visuomotor sequence, we found that the subjects performed the 10 sets as several clusters of sets, which were separated by long time gaps. While the overall performance time decreased by repeating the same sequence, the clusters became clearer and more consistent. The cluster pattern was uncorrelated with the distance of hand movements and was different across subjects who learned the same sequence. We then split a learned sequence into three segments, while preserving or destroying the clusters in the learned sequence, and shuffled the segments. The performance on the shuffled sequence was more accurate and quicker when the clusters in the original sequence were preserved than when they were destroyed. The results suggest that each cluster is processed as a single memory unit, a chunk, and is necessary for efficient sequence processing. A learned visuomotor sequence is hierarchically represented as chunks that contain several elementary movements. We also found that the temporal patterns of sequence performance transferred from the nondominant to dominant hand, but not vice versa. This may suggest a role of the dominant hemisphere in storage of learned chunks. Together with our previous unit-recording and imaging studies that used the same learning paradigm, we predict specific roles of the dominant parietal area, basal ganglia, and presupplementary motor area in the chunking.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "9b1643284b783f2947be11f16ae8d942",
"text": "We investigate the task of modeling opendomain, multi-turn, unstructured, multiparticipant, conversational dialogue. We specifically study the effect of incorporating different elements of the conversation. Unlike previous efforts, which focused on modeling messages and responses, we extend the modeling to long context and participant’s history. Our system does not rely on handwritten rules or engineered features; instead, we train deep neural networks on a large conversational dataset. In particular, we exploit the structure of Reddit comments and posts to extract 2.1 billion messages and 133 million conversations. We evaluate our models on the task of predicting the next response in a conversation, and we find that modeling both context and participants improves prediction accuracy.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "35a298d5ec169832c3faf2e30d95e1a4",
"text": "© 2 0 0 1 m a s s a c h u s e t t s i n s t i t u t e o f t e c h n o l o g y, c a m b r i d g e , m a 0 2 1 3 9 u s a — w w w. a i. m i t. e d u",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "fe08f3e1dc4fe2d71059b483c8532e88",
"text": "Digital asset management (DAM) has increasing benefits in booming global Internet economy, but it is still a great challenge for providing an effective way to manage, store, ingest, organize and retrieve digital asset. To do it, we present a new digital asset management platform, called DAM-Chain, with Transaction-based Access Control (TBAC) which integrates the distribution ABAC model and the blockchain technology. In this platform, the ABAC provides flexible and diverse authorization mechanisms for digital asset escrowed into blockchain while the blockchain's transactions serve as verifiable and traceable medium of access request procedure. We also present four types of transactions to describe the TBAC access control procedure, and provide the algorithms of these transactions corresponding to subject registration, object escrowing and publication, access request and grant. By maximizing the strengths of both ABAC and blockchain, this platform can support flexible and diverse permission management, as well as verifiable and transparent access authorization process in an open decentralized environment.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "8eb161e363d55631148ed3478496bbd5",
"text": "This paper proposes a new power-factor-correction (PFC) topology, and explains its operation principle, its control mechanism, related application problems followed by experimental results. In this proposed topology, critical-conduction-mode (CRM) interleaved technique is applied to a bridgeless PFC in order to achieve high efficiency by combining benefits of each topology. This application is targeted toward low to middle power applications that normally employs continuous-conductionmode boost converter. key words: PFC, Interleaved, critical-conduction-mode, totem-pole",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "dfbf5c12d8e5a8e5e81de5d51f382185",
"text": "Demand response (DR) is very important in the future smart grid, aiming to encourage consumers to reduce their demand during peak load hours. However, if binary decision variables are needed to specify start-up time of a particular appliance, the resulting mixed integer combinatorial problem is in general difficult to solve. In this paper, we study a versatile convex programming (CP) DR optimization framework for the automatic load management of various household appliances in a smart home. In particular, an L1 regularization technique is proposed to deal with schedule-based appliances (SAs), for which their on/off statuses are governed by binary decision variables. By relaxing these variables from integer to continuous values, the problem is reformulated as a new CP problem with an additional L1 regularization term in the objective. This allows us to transform the original mixed integer problem into a standard CP problem. Its major advantage is that the overall DR optimization problem remains to be convex and therefore the solution can be found efficiently. Moreover, a wide variety of appliances with different characteristics can be flexibly incorporated. Simulation result shows that the energy scheduling of SAs and other appliances can be determined simultaneously using the proposed CP formulation.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "a4d177e695f83ddbaad38b5aa5c34baa",
"text": "Introduction Digital technologies play an increasingly important role in shaping the profile of human thought and action. In the few short decades since its invention, for example, the World Wide Web has transformed the way we shop, date, socialize and undertake scientific endeavours. We are also witnessing an unprecedented rate of technological innovation and change, driven, at least in part, by exponential rates of growth in computing power and performance. The technological landscape is thus a highly dynamic one – new technologies are being introduced all the time, and the rate of change looks set to continue unabated. In view of all this, it is natural to wonder about the effects of new technology on both ourselves and the societies in which we live.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "1bcb0d930848fab3e5b8aee3c983e45b",
"text": "BACKGROUND\nLycopodium clavatum (Lyc) is a widely used homeopathic medicine for the liver, urinary and digestive disorders. Recently, acetyl cholinesterase (AchE) inhibitory activity has been found in Lyc alkaloid extract, which could be beneficial in dementia disorder. However, the effect of Lyc has not yet been explored in animal model of memory impairment and on cerebral blood flow.\n\n\nAIM\nThe present study was planned to explore the effect of Lyc on learning and memory function and cerebral blood flow (CBF) in intracerebroventricularly (ICV) administered streptozotocin (STZ) induced memory impairment in rats.\n\n\nMATERIALS AND METHODS\nMemory deficit was induced by ICV administration of STZ (3 mg/kg) in rats on 1st and 3rd day. Male SD rats were treated with Lyc Mother Tincture (MT) 30, 200 and 1000 for 17 days. Learning and memory was evaluated by Morris water maze test on 14th, 15th and 16th day. CBF was measured by Laser Doppler flow meter on 17th day.\n\n\nRESULTS\nSTZ (ICV) treated rats showed impairment in learning and memory along with reduced CBF. Lyc MT and 200 showed improvement in learning and memory. There was increased CBF in STZ (ICV) treated rats at all the potencies of Lyc studied.\n\n\nCONCLUSION\nThe above study suggests that Lyc may be used as a drug of choice in condition of memory impairment due to its beneficial effect on CBF.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "a023b7a853733b92287efcddc67976ae",
"text": "Intensive use of e-business can provide number of opportunities and actual benefits to companies of all activities and sizes. In general, through the use of web sites companies can create global presence and widen business boundaries. Many organizations now have websites to complement their other activities, but it is likely that a smaller proportion really know how successful their sites are and in what extent they comply with business objectives. A key enabler of web sites measurement is web site analytics and metrics. Web sites analytics especially refers to the use of data collected from a web site to determine which aspects of the web site work towards the business objectives. Advanced web analytics must play an important role in overall company strategy and should converge to web intelligence – a specific part of business intelligence which collect and analyze information collected from web sites and apply them in relevant ‘business’ context. This paper examines the importance of measuring the web site quality of the Croatian hotels. Wide range of web site metrics are discussed and finally a set of 8 dimensions and 44 attributes chosen for the evaluation of Croatian hotel’s web site quality. The objective of the survey conducted on the 30 hotels was to identify different groups of hotel web sites in relation to their quality measured with specific web metrics. Key research question was: can hotel web sites be placed into meaningful groups by consideration of variation in web metrics and number of hotel stars? To confirm the reliability of chosen metrics a Cronbach's alpha test was conducted. Apart from descriptive statistics tools, to answer the posed research question, clustering analysis was conducted and the characteristics of the three clusters were considered. Experiences and best practices of the hotel web sites clusters are taken as the prime source of recommendation for improving web sites quality level. Key-Words: web metrics, hotel web sites, web analytics, web site audit, web site quality, cluster analysis",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "30ba7b3cf3ba8a7760703a90261d70eb",
"text": "Starch is a major storage product of many economically important crops such as wheat, rice, maize, tapioca, and potato. A large-scale starch processing industry has emerged in the last century. In the past decades, we have seen a shift from the acid hydrolysis of starch to the use of starch-converting enzymes in the production of maltodextrin, modified starches, or glucose and fructose syrups. Currently, these enzymes comprise about 30% of the world’s enzyme production. Besides the use in starch hydrolysis, starch-converting enzymes are also used in a number of other industrial applications, such as laundry and porcelain detergents or as anti-staling agents in baking. A number of these starch-converting enzymes belong to a single family: the -amylase family or family13 glycosyl hydrolases. This group of enzymes share a number of common characteristics such as a ( / )8 barrel structure, the hydrolysis or formation of glycosidic bonds in the conformation, and a number of conserved amino acid residues in the active site. As many as 21 different reaction and product specificities are found in this family. Currently, 25 three-dimensional (3D) structures of a few members of the -amylase family have been determined using protein crystallization and X-ray crystallography. These data in combination with site-directed mutagenesis studies have helped to better understand the interactions between the substrate or product molecule and the different amino acids found in and around the active site. This review illustrates the reaction and product diversity found within the -amylase family, the mechanistic principles deduced from structure–function relationship structures, and the use of the enzymes of this family in industrial applications. © 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "5184b25a4d056b861f5dbae34300344a",
"text": "AFFILIATIONS: asHouri, Hsu, soroosHian, and braitHwaite— Center for Hydrometeorology and Remote Sensing, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California; Knapp and neLson—NOAA/National Climatic Data Center, Asheville, North Carolina; CeCiL—Global Science & Technology, Inc., Asheville, North Carolina; prat—Cooperative Institute for Climate and Satellites, North Carolina State University, and NOAA/National Climatic Data Center, Asheville, North Carolina CORRESPONDING AUTHOR: Hamed Ashouri, Center for Hydrometeorology and Remote Sensing, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697 E-mail: h.ashouri@uci.edu",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "0e74994211d0e3c1e85ba0c85aba3df5",
"text": "Images of faces manipulated to make their shapes closer to the average are perceived as more attractive. The influences of symmetry and averageness are often confounded in studies based on full-face views of faces. Two experiments are reported that compared the effect of manipulating the averageness of female faces in profile and full-face views. Use of a profile view allows a face to be \"morphed\" toward an average shape without creating an image that becomes more symmetrical. Faces morphed toward the average were perceived as more attractive in both views, but the effect was significantly stronger for full-face views. Both full-face and profile views morphed away from the average shape were perceived as less attractive. It is concluded that the effect of averageness is independent of any effect of symmetry on the perceived attractiveness of female faces.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "0f3b2081ecd311b7b2555091aaca2571",
"text": "Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) is widely used control technique to extract maximum power available from the solar cell of photovoltaic (PV) module. Since the solar cells have non-linear i–v characteristics. The efficiency of PV module is very low and power output depends on solar insolation level and ambient temperature, so maximization of power output with greater efficiency is of special interest. Moreover there is great loss of power due to mismatch of source and load. So, to extract maximum power from solar panel a MPPT needs to be designed. The objective of the paper is to present a novel cost effective and efficient microcontroller based MPPT system for solar photovoltaic system to ensure fast maximum power point operation at all fast changing environmental conditions. The proposed controller scheme utilizes PWM techniques to regulate the output power of boost DC/DC converter at its maximum possible value and simultaneously controls the charging process of battery. Incremental Conductance algorithm is implemented to track maximum power point. For the feasibility study, parameter extraction, model evaluation and analysis of converter system design a MATLAB/Simulink model is demonstrated and simulated for a typical 40W solar panel from Kyocera KC-40 for hardware implementation and verification. Finally, a hardware model is designed and tested in lab at different operating conditions. Further, MPPT system has been tested with Solar Panel at different solar insolation level and temperature. The resulting system has high-efficiency, lower-cost, very fast tracking speed and can be easily modified for additional control function for future use.",
"title": ""
}
] | scidocsrr |
fbc003566a8bd0894b4ad368cdbae99c | Video Imagination from a Single Image with Transformation Generation | [
{
"docid": "85b4873732e297c5df6d7c999587aa6e",
"text": "We address the problem of synthesizing new video frames in an existing video, either in-between existing frames (interpolation), or subsequent to them (extrapolation). This problem is challenging because video appearance and motion can be highly complex. Traditional optical-flow-based solutions often fail where flow estimation is challenging, while newer neural-network-based methods that hallucinate pixel values directly often produce blurry results. We combine the advantages of these two methods by training a deep network that learns to synthesize video frames by flowing pixel values from existing ones, which we call deep voxel flow. Our method requires no human supervision, and any video can be used as training data by dropping, and then learning to predict, existing frames. The technique is efficient, and can be applied at any video resolution. We demonstrate that our method produces results that both quantitatively and qualitatively improve upon the state-of-the-art.",
"title": ""
}
] | [
{
"docid": "8251aac995b17af8db2896adf820dc91",
"text": "This paper provides an overview of Data warehousing, Data Mining, OLAP, OLTP technologies, exploring the features, applications and the architecture of Data Warehousing. The data warehouse supports on-line analytical processing (OLAP), the functional and performance requirements of which are quite different from those of the on-line transaction processing (OLTP) applications traditionally supported by the operational databases. Data warehouses provide on-line analytical processing (OLAP) tools for the interactive analysis of multidimensional data of varied granularities, which facilitates effective data mining. Data warehousing and on-line analytical processing (OLAP) are essential elements of decision support, which has increasingly become a focus of the database industry. OLTP is customer-oriented and is used for transaction and query processing by clerks, clients and information technology professionals. An OLAP system is market-oriented and is used for data analysis by knowledge workers, including managers, executives and analysts. Data warehousing and OLAP have emerged as leading technologies that facilitate data storage, organization and then, significant retrieval. Decision support places some rather different requirements on database technology compared to traditional on-line transaction processing applications.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "075742c6c4017f03fa72ebae69b4d857",
"text": "This document describes Virtual eXtensible Local Area Network (VXLAN), which is used to address the need for overlay networks within virtualized data centers accommodating multiple tenants. The scheme and the related protocols can be used in networks for cloud service providers and enterprise data centers. This memo documents the deployed VXLAN protocol for the benefit of the Internet community.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "0522e81651c7b5ba4996bcfc067ad85f",
"text": "This paper argues that current technology-driven implementations of Smart Cities, although being an important step in the right direction, fall short in exploiting the most important human dimension of cities. The paper argues therefore in support of the concept of Human Smart Cities. In a Human Smart City, people rather than technology are the true actors of the urban \"smartness\". The creation of a participatory innovation ecosystem in which citizens and communities interact with public authorities and knowledge developers is key. Such collaborative interaction leads to co-designed user centered innovation services and calls for new governance models. The urban transformation in which citizens are the main \"drivers of change\" through their empowerment and motivation ensures that the major city challenges can be addressed, including sustainable behavior transformations. Furthermore, the authors argue that the city challenges can be more effectively addressed at the scale of neighborhood and they provide examples and experiences that demonstrate the viability, importance and impact of such approach. The paper builds on the experience of implementing Human Smart Cities projects in 27 European cities located in 17 different countries. Details of the technologies, methodologies, tools and policies are illustrated with examples extracted from the project My Neighbourhood.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "13313b27f7ead27611d5957394e79a69",
"text": "Personality profiling is the task of detecting personality traits of authors based on writing style. Several personality typologies exist, however, the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) is particularly popular in the non-scientific community, and many people use it to analyse their own personality and talk about the results online. Therefore, large amounts of self-assessed data on MBTI are readily available on social-media platforms such as Twitter. We present a novel corpus of tweets annotated with the MBTI personality type and gender of their author for six Western European languages (Dutch, German, French, Italian, Portuguese and Spanish). We outline the corpus creation and annotation, show statistics of the obtained data distributions and present first baselines on Myers-Briggs personality profiling and gender prediction for all six languages.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "a2accb08e0f41f7d8b5b2ca6781549cd",
"text": "Malaria remains the leading communicable disease in Ethiopia, with around one million clinical cases of malaria reported annually. The country currently has plans for elimination for specific geographic areas of the country. Human movement may lead to the maintenance of reservoirs of infection, complicating attempts to eliminate malaria. An unmatched case–control study was conducted with 560 adult patients at a Health Centre in central Ethiopia. Patients who received a malaria test were interviewed regarding their recent travel histories. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to determine if reported travel outside of the home village within the last month was related to malaria infection status. After adjusting for several known confounding factors, travel away from the home village in the last 30 days was a statistically significant risk factor for infection with Plasmodium falciparum (AOR 1.76; p=0.03) but not for infection with Plasmodium vivax (AOR 1.17; p=0.62). Male sex was strongly associated with any malaria infection (AOR 2.00; p=0.001). Given the importance of identifying reservoir infections, consideration of human movement patterns should factor into decisions regarding elimination and disease prevention, especially when targeted areas are limited to regions within a country.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "006347cd3839d9fabd983e7cc379322d",
"text": "Recent progress in both Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Robotics have enabled the development of general purpose robot platforms that are capable of executing a wide variety of complex, temporally extended service tasks in open environments. This article introduces a novel, custom-designed multi-robot platform for research on AI, robotics, and especially Human-Robot Interaction (HRI) for service robots. Called BWIBots, the robots were designed as a part of the Building-Wide Intelligence (BWI) project at the University of Texas at Austin. The article begins with a description of, and justification for, the hardware and software design decisions underlying the BWIBots, with the aim of informing the design of such platforms in the future. It then proceeds to present an overview of various research contributions that have enabled the BWIBots to better (i) execute action sequences to complete user requests, (ii) efficiently ask questions to resolve user requests, (iii) understand human commands given in natural language, and (iv) understand human intention from afar. The article concludes with a look forward towards future research opportunities and applications enabled by the BWIBot platform.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "8c2b0e93eae23235335deacade9660f0",
"text": "We design and implement a simple zero-knowledge argument protocol for NP whose communication complexity is proportional to the square-root of the verification circuit size. The protocol can be based on any collision-resistant hash function. Alternatively, it can be made non-interactive in the random oracle model, yielding concretely efficient zk-SNARKs that do not require a trusted setup or public-key cryptography.\n Our protocol is attractive not only for very large verification circuits but also for moderately large circuits that arise in applications. For instance, for verifying a SHA-256 preimage in zero-knowledge with 2-40 soundness error, the communication complexity is roughly 44KB (or less than 34KB under a plausible conjecture), the prover running time is 140 ms, and the verifier running time is 62 ms. This proof is roughly 4 times shorter than a similar proof of ZKB++ (Chase et al., CCS 2017), an optimized variant of ZKBoo (Giacomelli et al., USENIX 2016).\n The communication complexity of our protocol is independent of the circuit structure and depends only on the number of gates. For 2-40 soundness error, the communication becomes smaller than the circuit size for circuits containing roughly 3 million gates or more. Our efficiency advantages become even bigger in an amortized setting, where several instances need to be proven simultaneously.\n Our zero-knowledge protocol is obtained by applying an optimized version of the general transformation of Ishai et al. (STOC 2007) to a variant of the protocol for secure multiparty computation of Damgard and Ishai (Crypto 2006). It can be viewed as a simple zero-knowledge interactive PCP based on \"interleaved\" Reed-Solomon codes.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "223a668b19281cb079a51ee128602de4",
"text": "Driving a vehicle is a task affected by an increasing number and a rising complexity of Driver Assistance Systems (DAS) resulting in a raised cognitive load of the driver, and in consequence to the distraction from the main activity of driving. A number of potential solutions have been proposed so far, however, although these techniques broaden the perception horizon (e. g. the introduction of the sense of touch as additional information modality or the utilization of multimodal instead of unimodal interfaces), they demand the attention of the driver too. In order to cope with the issues of workload and/or distraction, it would be essential to find a non-distracting and noninvasive solution for the emergence of information.\n In this work we have investigated the application of heart rate variability (HRV) analysis to electrocardiography (ECG) data for identifying driving situations of possible threat by monitoring and recording the autonomic arousal states of the driver. For verification we have collected ECG and global positioning system (GPS) data in more than 20 test journeys on two regularly driven routes during a period of two weeks.\n The first results have shown that an indicated difference of the arousal state of the driver for a dedicated point on a route, compared to its usual state, can be interpreted as a warning sign and used to notify the driver about this, perhaps safety critical, change. To provide evidence for this hypothesis it would be essential in the next step to conduct a large number of journeys on different times of the day, using different drivers and various roadways.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "63ca8787121e3b392e130f9d451b11ea",
"text": "Frank K.Y. Chan Hong Kong University of Science and Technology",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "b6edc7b4bb6c8d66d237ad36cdabc908",
"text": "Especially for microcontroller and mobile applications, embedded nonvolatile memory is an important technology offering to reduce power and provide local persistent storage. This article describes a new resistive RAM device with fast write operation to improve the speed of embedded nonvolatile memories.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "0349bef88d7dd5ca012fd4d2fd28cf0d",
"text": "Impedance-source converters, an emerging technology in electric energy conversion, overcome limitations of conventional solutions by the use of specific impedance-source networks. Focus of this paper is on the topologies of galvanically isolated impedance-source dc-dc converters. These converters are particularly appropriate for distributed generation systems with renewable or alternative energy sources, which require input voltage and load regulation in a wide range. We review here the basic topologies for researchers and engineers, and classify all the topologies of the impedance-source galvanically isolated dc-dc converters according to the element that transfers energy from the input to the output: a transformer, a coupled inductor, or their combination. This classification reveals advantages and disadvantages, as well as a wide space for further research. This paper also outlines the most promising research directions in this field.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "f9cea5092a55c2c0578a1ad3f078078c",
"text": "To achieve a compact and lightweight surgical robot with force-sensing capability, in this paper, we propose a surgical robot called “S-surge,” which is developed for robot-assisted minimally invasive surgery, focusing mainly on its mechanical design and force-sensing system. The robot consists of a 4-degree-of-freedom (DOF) surgical instrument and a 3-DOF remote center-of-motion manipulator. The manipulator is designed by adopting a double-parallelogram mechanism and spherical parallel mechanism to provide advantages such as compactness, simplicity, improved accuracy, and high stiffness. Kinematic analysis was performed in order to optimize workspace. The surgical instrument enables multiaxis force sensing including a three-axis pulling force and single-axis grasping force. In this study, it will be verified that it is feasible to carry the entire robot around thanks to its light weight (4.7 kg); therefore, allowing the robot to be applicable for telesurgery in remote areas. Finally, it will be explained how we experimented with the performance of the robot and conducted tissue manipulating task using the motion and force sensing capability of the robot in a simulated surgical setting.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "ad9b28c4f7b0d7e60296f20d54786559",
"text": "An exact algorithm to compute an optimal 3D oriented bounding box was published in 1985 by Joseph O'Rourke, but it is slow and extremely hard to implement. In this article we propose a new approach, where the computation of the minimal-volume OBB is formulated as an unconstrained optimization problem on the rotation group SO(3,ℝ). It is solved using a hybrid method combining the genetic and Nelder-Mead algorithms. This method is analyzed and then compared to the current state-of-the-art techniques. It is shown to be either faster or more reliable for any accuracy.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "8a478da1c2091525762db35f1ac7af58",
"text": "In this paper, we present the design and performance of a portable, arbitrary waveform, multichannel constant current electrotactile stimulator that costs less than $30 in components. The stimulator consists of a stimulation controller and power supply that are less than half the size of a credit card and can produce ±15 mA at ±150 V. The design is easily extensible to multiple independent channels that can receive an arbitrary waveform input from a digital-to-analog converter, drawing only 0.9 W/channel (lasting 4–5 hours upon continuous stimulation using a 9 V battery). Finally, we compare the performance of our stimulator to similar stimulators both commercially available and developed in research.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "2455e5f4d1ca0d7ad7e93803bc5c81f7",
"text": "Certain questions about memory address a relatively global, structural level of analysis. Is there one kind of memory or many? What brain structures or systems are involved in memory and what jobs do they do? One useful approach to such questions has focused on studies of neurological patients with memory impair-merit and parallel studies with animal models. Memory impairment sometimes occurs as a circum-scribed disorder in the absence of other intellectual deficits 1-7. In such cases, the memory impairment occurs in the context of normal scores on conventional intelligence tests, normal immediate (digit span) memory, and intact memory for very remote events. The analysis of memory impairment can provide useful information about the organization of memory and about the function of the damaged neural structures. Clinically significant memory impairment, i.e. amnesia, can occur for a variety of reasons and is typically associated with bilateral damage to the medial temporal lobe or the diencephalic midline. The severity and purity of the amnesia can vary greatly depending on the extent and pattern of damage. Standard quantitative tests are available for the assessment of memory and other cognitive functions, so that the findings from different groups of study patients can be compared 8-1°. The deficit in amnesia is readily detectable in tests of paired-associate learning and delayed recall. Indeed, amnesic patients are deficient in most tests of new learning, especially when they try to acquire an amount of information that exceeds what can be kept in mind through active rehearsal or when they try to retain information across a delay. This deficit occurs regardless of the sensory modality in which information is presented and regardless whether memory is tested by recall or recognition techniques. Moreover, the memory impairment is not limited to artificial laboratory situations, where patients are instructed explicitly to learn material that occurs in a particular episode and then are later instructed explicitly to recall the material. For example, patients can be provided items of general information with no special instruction to learn (e.g. Angel Falls is located in Venezuela); and later they can simply be asked factual questions without any reference to a recent learning episode (e.g. Where is Angel Falls located?). In this case, amnesic patients are impaired both in tests of free recall as well as in tests of recognition memory, in which the correct answer is selected from among several alternatives 11. These aspects of amnesia show …",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "5dad217551cbbb7ba8476467c3469c6d",
"text": "This letter presents a semi-automatic approach to delineating road networks from very high resolution satellite images. The proposed method consists of three main steps. First, the geodesic method is used to extract the initial road segments that link the road seed points prescribed in advance by users. Next, a road probability map is produced based on these coarse road segments and a further direct thresholding operation separates the image into two classes of surfaces: the road and nonroad classes. Using the road class image, a kernel density estimation map is generated, upon which the geodesic method is used once again to link the foregoing road seed points. Experiments demonstrate that this proposed method can extract smooth correct road centerlines.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "6d2efd95c2b3486bec5b4c2ab2db18ad",
"text": "The goal of this work is to replace objects in an RGB-D scene with corresponding 3D models from a library. We approach this problem by first detecting and segmenting object instances in the scene using the approach from Gupta et al. [13]. We use a convolutional neural network (CNN) to predict the pose of the object. This CNN is trained using pixel normals in images containing rendered synthetic objects. When tested on real data, it outperforms alternative algorithms trained on real data. We then use this coarse pose estimate along with the inferred pixel support to align a small number of prototypical models to the data, and place the model that fits the best into the scene. We observe a 48% relative improvement in performance at the task of 3D detection over the current state-of-the-art [33], while being an order of magnitude faster at the same time.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "8d8f0268ffaf1254f236c5464ab2bdf6",
"text": "A primary design decision in HTTP/2, the successor of HTTP/1.1, is object multiplexing. While multiplexing improves web performance in many scenarios, it still has several drawbacks due to complex cross-layer interactions. In this paper, we propose a novel multiplexing architecture called TM that overcomes many of these limitations. TM strategically leverages multiple concurrent multiplexing pipes in a transparent manner, and eliminates various types of head-of-line blocking that can severely impact user experience. TM works beyond HTTP over TCP and applies to a wide range of application and transport protocols. Extensive evaluations on LTE and wired networks show that TM substantially improves performance e.g., reduces web page load time by an average of 24% compared to SPDY, which is the basis for HTTP/2. For lossy links and concurrent transfers, the improvements are more pronounced: compared to SPDY, TM achieves up to 42% of average PLT reduction under losses and up to 90% if concurrent transfers exist.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "5a0fe40414f7881cc262800a43dfe4d0",
"text": "In this work, a passive rectifier circuit is presented, which is operating at 868 MHz. It allows energy harvesting from low power RF waves with a high efficiency. It consists of a novel multiplier circuit design and high quality components to reduce parasitic effects, losses and reaches a low startup voltage. Using lower capacitor rises up the switching speed of the whole circuit. An inductor L serves to store energy in a magnetic field during the negative cycle wave and returns it during the positive one. A low pass filter is arranged in cascade with the rectifier circuit to reduce ripple at high frequencies and to get a stable DC signal. A 50 kΩ load is added at the output to measure the output power and to visualize the behavior of the whole circuit. Simulation results show an outstanding potential of this RF-DC converter witch has a relative high sensitivity beginning with -40 dBm.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "f89cebba789e46a1238f3174830c6292",
"text": "A hand injury can greatly affect a person's daily life. Physicians must evaluate the state of recovery of a patient's injured hand. However, current manual evaluations of hand functions are imprecise and inconvenient. In this paper, a data glove embedded with 9-axis inertial sensors and force sensitive resistors is proposed. The proposed data glove system enables hand movement to be tracked in real-time. In addition, the system can be used to obtain useful parameters for physicians, is an efficient tool for evaluating the hand function of patients, and can improve the quality of hand rehabilitation.",
"title": ""
}
] | scidocsrr |
a613c67f9f24fa382437b912d38cd586 | Automated Diagnosis of Glaucoma Using Texture and Higher Order Spectra Features | [
{
"docid": "e494f926c9b2866d2c74032d200e4d0a",
"text": "This chapter describes a new algorithm for training Support Vector Machines: Sequential Minimal Optimization, or SMO. Training a Support Vector Machine (SVM) requires the solution of a very large quadratic programming (QP) optimization problem. SMO breaks this large QP problem into a series of smallest possible QP problems. These small QP problems are solved analytically, which avoids using a time-consuming numerical QP optimization as an inner loop. The amount of memory required for SMO is linear in the training set size, which allows SMO to handle very large training sets. Because large matrix computation is avoided, SMO scales somewhere between linear and quadratic in the training set size for various test problems, while a standard projected conjugate gradient (PCG) chunking algorithm scales somewhere between linear and cubic in the training set size. SMO's computation time is dominated by SVM evaluation, hence SMO is fastest for linear SVMs and sparse data sets. For the MNIST database, SMO is as fast as PCG chunking; while for the UCI Adult database and linear SVMs, SMO can be more than 1000 times faster than the PCG chunking algorithm.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "0a3a349e6b66d822cd826f633ba9f066",
"text": "Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a condition where the retina is damaged due to fluid leaking from the blood vessels into the retina. In extreme cases, the patient will become blind. Therefore, early detection of diabetic retinopathy is crucial to prevent blindness. Various image processing techniques have been used to identify the different stages of diabetes retinopathy. The application of non-linear features of the higher-order spectra (HOS) was found to be efficient as it is more suitable for the detection of shapes. The aim of this work is to automatically identify the normal, mild DR, moderate DR, severe DR and prolific DR. The parameters are extracted from the raw images using the HOS techniques and fed to the support vector machine (SVM) classifier. This paper presents classification of five kinds of eye classes using SVM classifier. Our protocol uses, 300 subjects consisting of five different kinds of eye disease conditions. We demonstrate a sensitivity of 82% for the classifier with the specificity of 88%.",
"title": ""
}
] | [
{
"docid": "a13ca3d83e6ec1693bd9ad53323d2f63",
"text": "BACKGROUND\nThis study examined longitudinal patterns of heroin use, other substance use, health, mental health, employment, criminal involvement, and mortality among heroin addicts.\n\n\nMETHODS\nThe sample was composed of 581 male heroin addicts admitted to the California Civil Addict Program (CAP) during the years 1962 through 1964; CAP was a compulsory drug treatment program for heroin-dependent criminal offenders. This 33-year follow-up study updates information previously obtained from admission records and 2 face-to-face interviews conducted in 1974-1975 and 1985-1986; in 1996-1997, at the latest follow-up, 284 were dead and 242 were interviewed.\n\n\nRESULTS\nIn 1996-1997, the mean age of the 242 interviewed subjects was 57.4 years. Age, disability, years since first heroin use, and heavy alcohol use were significant correlates of mortality. Of the 242 interviewed subjects, 20.7% tested positive for heroin (with additional 9.5% urine refusal and 14.0% incarceration, for whom urinalyses were unavailable), 66.9% reported tobacco use, 22.1% were daily alcohol drinkers, and many reported illicit drug use (eg, past-year heroin use was 40.5%; marijuana, 35.5%; cocaine, 19.4%; crack, 10.3%; amphetamine, 11.6%). The group also reported high rates of health problems, mental health problems, and criminal justice system involvement. Long-term heroin abstinence was associated with less criminality, morbidity, psychological distress, and higher employment.\n\n\nCONCLUSIONS\nWhile the number of deaths increased steadily over time, heroin use patterns were remarkably stable for the group as a whole. For some, heroin addiction has been a lifelong condition associated with severe health and social consequences.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "2f5ccd63b8f23300c090cb00b6bbe045",
"text": "Computing has revolutionized the biological sciences over the past several decades, such that virtually all contemporary research in molecular biology, biochemistry, and other biosciences utilizes computer programs. The computational advances have come on many fronts, spurred by fundamental developments in hardware, software, and algorithms. These advances have influenced, and even engendered, a phenomenal array of bioscience fields, including molecular evolution and bioinformatics; genome-, proteome-, transcriptome- and metabolome-wide experimental studies; structural genomics; and atomistic simulations of cellular-scale molecular assemblies as large as ribosomes and intact viruses. In short, much of post-genomic biology is increasingly becoming a form of computational biology. The ability to design and write computer programs is among the most indispensable skills that a modern researcher can cultivate. Python has become a popular programming language in the biosciences, largely because (i) its straightforward semantics and clean syntax make it a readily accessible first language; (ii) it is expressive and well-suited to object-oriented programming, as well as other modern paradigms; and (iii) the many available libraries and third-party toolkits extend the functionality of the core language into virtually every biological domain (sequence and structure analyses, phylogenomics, workflow management systems, etc.). This primer offers a basic introduction to coding, via Python, and it includes concrete examples and exercises to illustrate the language's usage and capabilities; the main text culminates with a final project in structural bioinformatics. A suite of Supplemental Chapters is also provided. Starting with basic concepts, such as that of a \"variable,\" the Chapters methodically advance the reader to the point of writing a graphical user interface to compute the Hamming distance between two DNA sequences.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "d59e21319b9915c2f6d7a8931af5503c",
"text": "The effect of directional antenna elements in uniform circular arrays (UCAs) for direction of arrival (DOA) estimation is studied in this paper. While the vast majority of previous work assumes isotropic antenna elements or omnidirectional dipoles, this work demonstrates that improved DOA estimation accuracy and increased bandwidth is achievable with appropriately-designed directional antennas. The Cramer-Rao Lower Bound (CRLB) is derived for UCAs with directional antennas and is compared to isotropic antennas for 4- and 8-element arrays using a theoretical radiation pattern. The directivity that minimizes the CRLB is identified and microstrip patch antennas approximating the optimal theoretical gain pattern are designed to compare the resulting DOA estimation accuracy with a UCA using dipole antenna elements. Simulation results show improved DOA estimation accuracy and robustness using microstrip patch antennas as opposed to conventional dipoles. Additionally, it is shown that the bandwidth of a UCA for DOA estimation is limited only by the broadband characteristics of the directional antenna elements and not by the electrical size of the array as is the case with omnidirectional antennas.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "c55057c6231d472477bf93339e6b5292",
"text": "BACKGROUND\nAcute hospital discharge delays are a pressing concern for many health care administrators. In Canada, a delayed discharge is defined by the alternate level of care (ALC) construct and has been the target of many provincial health care strategies. Little is known on the patient characteristics that influence acute ALC length of stay. This study examines which characteristics drive acute ALC length of stay for those awaiting nursing home admission.\n\n\nMETHODS\nPopulation-level administrative and assessment data were used to examine 17,111 acute hospital admissions designated as alternate level of care (ALC) from a large Canadian health region. Case level hospital records were linked to home care administrative and assessment records to identify and characterize those ALC patients that account for the greatest proportion of acute hospital ALC days.\n\n\nRESULTS\nALC patients waiting for nursing home admission accounted for 41.5% of acute hospital ALC bed days while only accounting for 8.8% of acute hospital ALC patients. Characteristics that were significantly associated with greater ALC lengths of stay were morbid obesity (27 day mean deviation, 99% CI = ±14.6), psychiatric diagnosis (13 day mean deviation, 99% CI = ±6.2), abusive behaviours (12 day mean deviation, 99% CI = ±10.7), and stroke (7 day mean deviation, 99% CI = ±5.0). Overall, persons with morbid obesity, a psychiatric diagnosis, abusive behaviours, or stroke accounted for 4.3% of all ALC patients and 23% of all acute hospital ALC days between April 1st 2009 and April 1st, 2011. ALC patients with the identified characteristics had unique clinical profiles.\n\n\nCONCLUSIONS\nA small number of patients with non-medical days waiting for nursing home admission contribute to a substantial proportion of total non-medical days in acute hospitals. Increases in nursing home capacity or changes to existing funding arrangements should target the sub-populations identified in this investigation to maximize effectiveness. Specifically, incentives should be introduced to encourage nursing homes to accept acute patients with the least prospect for community-based living, while acute patients with the greatest prospect for community-based living are discharged to transitional care or directly to community-based care.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "40e74f062a6d4c969d87e57e7566bc9e",
"text": "Bullying is a serious public health concern that is associated with significant negative mental, social, and physical outcomes. Technological advances have increased adolescents' use of social media, and online communication platforms have exposed adolescents to another mode of bullying- cyberbullying. Prevention and intervention materials, from websites and tip sheets to classroom curriculum, have been developed to help youth, parents, and teachers address cyberbullying. While youth and parents are willing to disclose their experiences with bullying to their health care providers, these disclosures need to be taken seriously and handled in a caring manner. Health care providers need to include questions about bullying on intake forms to encourage these disclosures. The aim of this article is to examine the current status of cyberbullying prevention and intervention. Research support for several school-based intervention programs is summarised. Recommendations for future research are provided.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "5f66a3faa36f273831b13b4345c2bf15",
"text": "The structure of blood vessels in the sclerathe white part of the human eye, is unique for every individual, hence it is best suited for human identification. However, this is a challenging research because it has a high insult rate (the number of occasions the valid user is rejected). In this survey firstly a brief introduction is presented about the sclera based biometric authentication. In addition, a literature survey is presented. We have proposed simplified method for sclera segmentation, a new method for sclera pattern enhancement based on histogram equalization and line descriptor based feature extraction and pattern matching with the help of matching score between the two segment descriptors. We attempt to increase the awareness about this topic, as much of the research is not done in this area.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "e685a22b6f7b20fb1289923e86e467c5",
"text": "Nowadays, with the growth in the use of search engines, the extension of spying programs and anti -terrorism prevention, several researches focused on text analysis. In this sense, lemmatization and stemming are two common requirements of these researches. They include reducing different grammatical forms of a word and bring them to a common base form. In what follows, we will discuss these treatment methods on arabic text, especially the Khoja Stemmer, show their limits and provide new tools to improve it.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "31fb6df8d386f28b63140ee2ad8d11ea",
"text": "The problem and the solution.The majority of the literature on creativity has focused on the individual, yet the social environment can influence both the level and frequency of creative behavior. This article reviews the literature for factors related to organizational culture and climate that act as supports and impediments to organizational creativity and innovation. The work of Amabile, Kanter, Van de Ven, Angle, and others is reviewed and synthesized to provide an integrative understanding of the existing literature. Implications for human resource development research and practice are discussed.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "d2ca6d41e582c798bc7c53e932fd8dec",
"text": "How to measure usability is an important question in HCI research and user interface evaluation. We review current practice in measuring usability by categorizing and discussing usability measures from 180 studies published in core HCI journals and proceedings. The discussion distinguish several problems with the measures, including whether they actually measure usability, if they cover usability broadly, how they are reasoned about, and if they meet recommendations on how to measure usability. In many studies, the choice of and reasoning about usability measures fall short of a valid and reliable account of usability as quality-in-use of the user interface being studied. Based on the review, we discuss challenges for studies of usability and for research into how to measure usability. The challenges are to distinguish and empirically compare subjective and objective measures of usability; to focus on developing and employing measures of learning and retention; to study long-term use and usability; to extend measures of satisfaction beyond post-use questionnaires; to validate and standardize the host of subjective satisfaction questionnaires used; to study correlations between usability measures as a means for validation; and to use both micro and macro tasks and corresponding measures of usability. In conclusion, we argue that increased attention to the problems identified and challenges discussed may strengthen studies of usability and usability research. r 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "5bece01bed7c5a9a2433d95379882a37",
"text": "n The polarization of electromagnetic signals is an important feature in the design of modern radar and telecommunications. Standard electromagnetic theory readily shows that a linearly polarized plane wave propagating in free space consists of two equal but counter-rotating components of circular polarization. In magnetized media, these circular modes can be arranged to produce the nonreciprocal propagation effects that are the basic properties of isolator and circulator devices. Independent phase control of right-hand (+) and left-hand (–) circular waves is accomplished by splitting their propagation velocities through differences in the e ± m ± parameter. A phenomenological analysis of the permeability m and permittivity e in dispersive media serves to introduce the corresponding magneticand electric-dipole mechanisms of interaction length with the propagating signal. As an example of permeability dispersion, a Lincoln Laboratory quasi-optical Faradayrotation isolator circulator at 35 GHz (l ~ 1 cm) with a garnet-ferrite rotator element is described. At infrared wavelengths (l = 1.55 mm), where fiber-optic laser sources also require protection by passive isolation of the Faraday-rotation principle, e rather than m provides the dispersion, and the frequency is limited to the quantum energies of the electric-dipole atomic transitions peculiar to the molecular structure of the magnetic garnet. For optimum performance, bismuth additions to the garnet chemical formula are usually necessary. Spectroscopic and molecular theory models developed at Lincoln Laboratory to explain the bismuth effects are reviewed. In a concluding section, proposed advances in present technology are discussed in the context of future radar and telecommunications challenges.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "4d79d71c019c0f573885ffa2bc67f48b",
"text": "In this article, we provide a basic introduction to CMOS image-sensor technology, design and performance limits and present recent developments and future directions in this area. We also discuss image-sensor operation and describe the most popular CMOS image-sensor architectures. We note the main non-idealities that limit CMOS image sensor performance, and specify several key performance measures. One of the most important advantages of CMOS image sensors over CCDs is the ability to integrate sensing with analog and digital processing down to the pixel level. Finally, we focus on recent developments and future research directions that are enabled by pixel-level processing, the applications of which promise to further improve CMOS image sensor performance and broaden their applicability beyond current markets.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "a492dcdbb9ec095cdfdab797c4b4e659",
"text": "We present a new class of methods for high-dimensional nonparametric regression and classification called sparse additive models (SpAM). Our methods combine ideas from sparse linear modeling and additive nonparametric regression. We derive an algorithm for fitting the models that is practical and effective even when the number of covariates is larger than the sample size. SpAM is essentially a functional version of the grouped lasso of Yuan and Lin (2006). SpAM is also closely related to the COSSO model of Lin and Zhang (2006), but decouples smoothing and sparsity, enabling the use of arbitrary nonparametric smoothers. We give an analysis of the theoretical properties of sparse additive models, and present empirical results on synthetic and real data, showing that SpAM can be effective in fitting sparse nonparametric models in high dimensional data.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "5bc183ebfcc9280dae0c15454085d95d",
"text": "In this paper a criminal detection framework that could help policemen to recognize the face of a criminal or a suspect is proposed. The framework is a client-server video based face recognition surveillance in the real-time. The framework applies face detection and tracking using Android mobile devices at the client side and video based face recognition at the server side. This paper focuses on the development of the client side of the proposed framework, face detection and tracking using Android mobile devices. For the face detection stage, robust Viola-Jones algorithm that is not affected by illuminations is used. The face tracking stage is based on Optical Flow algorithm. Optical Flow is implemented in the proposed framework with two feature extraction methods, Fast Corner Features, and Regular Features. The proposed face detection and tracking is implemented using Android studio and OpenCV library, and tested using Sony Xperia Z2 Android 5.1 Lollipop Smartphone. Experiments show that face tracking using Optical Flow with Regular Features achieves a higher level of accuracy and efficiency than Optical Flow with Fast Corner Features.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "711c950873c784a0c80217c83f81070c",
"text": "Accelerators are special purpose processors designed to speed up compute-intensive sections of applications. Two extreme endpoints in the spectrum of possible accelerators are FPGAs and GPUs, which can often achieve better performance than CPUs on certain workloads. FPGAs are highly customizable, while GPUs provide massive parallel execution resources and high memory bandwidth. Applications typically exhibit vastly different performance characteristics depending on the accelerator. This is an inherent problem attributable to architectural design, middleware support and programming style of the target platform. For the best application-to-accelerator mapping, factors such as programmability, performance, programming cost and sources of overhead in the design flows must be all taken into consideration. In general, FPGAs provide the best expectation of performance, flexibility and low overhead, while GPUs tend to be easier to program and require less hardware resources. We present a performance study of three diverse applications - Gaussian elimination, data encryption standard (DES), and Needleman-Wunsch - on an FPGA, a GPU and a multicore CPU system. We perform a comparative study of application behavior on accelerators considering performance and code complexity. Based on our results, we present an application characteristic to accelerator platform mapping, which can aid developers in selecting an appropriate target architecture for their chosen application.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "18498166845b27890110c3ca0cd43d86",
"text": "Raine Mäntysalo The purpose of this article is to make an overview of postWWII urban planning theories from the point of view of participation. How have the ideas of public accountability, deliberative democracy and involvement of special interests developed from one theory to another? The urban planning theories examined are rational-comprehensive planning theory, advocacy planning theory, incrementalist planning theory and the two branches of communicative planning theory: planning as consensus-seeking and planning as management of conflicts.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "ce1384d061248cbb96e77ea482b2ba62",
"text": "Preventable behaviors contribute to many life threatening health problems. Behavior-change technologies have been deployed to modify these, but such systems typically draw on traditional behavioral theories that overlook affect. We examine the importance of emotion tracking for behavior change. First, we conducted interviews to explore how emotions influence unwanted behaviors. Next, we deployed a system intervention, in which 35 participants logged information for a self-selected, unwanted behavior (e.g., smoking or overeating) over 21 days. 16 participants engaged in standard behavior tracking using a Fact-Focused system to record objective information about goals. 19 participants used an Emotion-Focused system to record emotional consequences of behaviors. Emotion-Focused logging promoted more successful behavior change and analysis of logfiles revealed mechanisms for success: greater engagement of negative affect for unsuccessful days and increased insight were key to motivating change. We present design implications to improve behavior-change technologies with emotion tracking.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "79934e1cb9a6c07fb965da9674daeb69",
"text": "BACKGROUND\nAtrophic scars can complicate moderate and severe acne. There are, at present, several modalities of treatment with different results. Percutaneous collagen induction (PCI) has recently been proposed as a simple and effective therapeutic option for the management of atrophic scars.\n\n\nOBJECTIVE\nThe aim of our study was to analyze the efficacy and safety of percutaneous collagen induction for the treatment of acne scarring in different skin phototypes.\n\n\nMETHODS & MATERIALS\nA total of 60 patients of skin types phototype I to VI were included in the study. They were divided into three groups before beginning treatment: Group A (phototypes I to II), Group B (phototypes III to V), and Group C (phototypes VI). Each patient had three treatments at monthly intervals. The aesthetic improvement was evaluated by using a Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale (GAIS), and analyzed statistically by computerized image analysis of the patients' photographs. The differences in the GAIS scores in the different time-points of each group were found using the Wilcoxon's test for nonparametric-dependent continuous variables. Computerized image analysis of silicone replicas was used to quantify the irregularity of the surface micro-relief with Fast Fourier Transformation (FFT); average values of gray were obtained along the x- and y-axes. The calculated indexes were the integrals of areas arising from the distribution of pixels along the axes.\n\n\nRESULTS\nAll patients completed the study. The Wilcoxon's test for nonparametric-dependent continuous variables showed a statistically significant (p < 0.05) reduction in severity grade of acne scars at T5 compared to baseline (T1). The analysis of the surface micro-relief performed on skin replicas showed a decrease in the degree of irregularity of skin texture in all three groups of patients, with an average reduction of 31% in both axes after three sessions. No short- or long-term dyschromia was observed.\n\n\nCONCLUSION\nPCI offers a simple and safe modality to improve the appearance of acne scars without risk of dyspigmentation in patient of all skin types.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "1dc32737d1c6aea101258e5687fc8545",
"text": "Individuals with Binge Eating Disorder (BED) often evidence comorbid Substance Use Disorders (SUD), resulting in poor outcome. This study is the first to examine treatment outcome for this concurrent disordered population. In this pilot study, 38 individuals diagnosed with BED and SUD participated in a 16-week group Mindfulness-Action Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (MACBT). Participants significantly improved on measures of objective binge eating episodes; disordered eating attitudes; alcohol and drug addiction severity; and depression. Taken together, MACBT appears to hold promise in treating individuals with co-existing BED-SUD.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "0858f3c76ea9570eeae23c33307f2eaf",
"text": "Geometrical validation around the Calpha is described, with a new Cbeta measure and updated Ramachandran plot. Deviation of the observed Cbeta atom from ideal position provides a single measure encapsulating the major structure-validation information contained in bond angle distortions. Cbeta deviation is sensitive to incompatibilities between sidechain and backbone caused by misfit conformations or inappropriate refinement restraints. A new phi,psi plot using density-dependent smoothing for 81,234 non-Gly, non-Pro, and non-prePro residues with B < 30 from 500 high-resolution proteins shows sharp boundaries at critical edges and clear delineation between large empty areas and regions that are allowed but disfavored. One such region is the gamma-turn conformation near +75 degrees,-60 degrees, counted as forbidden by common structure-validation programs; however, it occurs in well-ordered parts of good structures, it is overrepresented near functional sites, and strain is partly compensated by the gamma-turn H-bond. Favored and allowed phi,psi regions are also defined for Pro, pre-Pro, and Gly (important because Gly phi,psi angles are more permissive but less accurately determined). Details of these accurate empirical distributions are poorly predicted by previous theoretical calculations, including a region left of alpha-helix, which rates as favorable in energy yet rarely occurs. A proposed factor explaining this discrepancy is that crowding of the two-peptide NHs permits donating only a single H-bond. New calculations by Hu et al. [Proteins 2002 (this issue)] for Ala and Gly dipeptides, using mixed quantum mechanics and molecular mechanics, fit our nonrepetitive data in excellent detail. To run our geometrical evaluations on a user-uploaded file, see MOLPROBITY (http://kinemage.biochem.duke.edu) or RAMPAGE (http://www-cryst.bioc.cam.ac.uk/rampage).",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "57b35e32b92b54fc1ea7724e73b26f39",
"text": "The authors examined relations between the Big Five personality traits and academic outcomes, specifically SAT scores and grade-point average (GPA). Openness was the strongest predictor of SAT verbal scores, and Conscientiousness was the strongest predictor of both high school and college GPA. These relations replicated across 4 independent samples and across 4 different personality inventories. Further analyses showed that Conscientiousness predicted college GPA, even after controlling for high school GPA and SAT scores, and that the relation between Conscientiousness and college GPA was mediated, both concurrently and longitudinally, by increased academic effort and higher levels of perceived academic ability. The relation between Openness and SAT verbal scores was independent of academic achievement and was mediated, both concurrently and longitudinally, by perceived verbal intelligence. Together, these findings show that personality traits have independent and incremental effects on academic outcomes, even after controlling for traditional predictors of those outcomes. ((c) 2007 APA, all rights reserved).",
"title": ""
}
] | scidocsrr |
cc7875ac90d3a8b3bcd7eb0e7a7fa1df | FEDD: Feature Extraction for Explicit Concept Drift Detection in time series | [
{
"docid": "50d63f05e453468f8e5234910e3d86d1",
"text": "0167-8655/$ see front matter 2011 Published by doi:10.1016/j.patrec.2011.08.019 ⇑ Corresponding author. Tel.: +44 (0) 2075940990; E-mail addresses: gordon.ross03@ic.ac.uk, gr203@i ic.ac.uk (N.M. Adams), d.tasoulis@ic.ac.uk (D.K. Tas Hand). Classifying streaming data requires the development of methods which are computationally efficient and able to cope with changes in the underlying distribution of the stream, a phenomenon known in the literature as concept drift. We propose a new method for detecting concept drift which uses an exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) chart to monitor the misclassification rate of an streaming classifier. Our approach is modular and can hence be run in parallel with any underlying classifier to provide an additional layer of concept drift detection. Moreover our method is computationally efficient with overhead O(1) and works in a fully online manner with no need to store data points in memory. Unlike many existing approaches to concept drift detection, our method allows the rate of false positive detections to be controlled and kept constant over time. 2011 Published by Elsevier B.V.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "8b63800da2019180d266297647e3dbc0",
"text": "Most of the work in machine learning assume that examples are generated at random according to some stationary probability distribution. In this work we study the problem of learning when the class-probability distribution that generate the examples changes over time. We present a method for detection of changes in the probability distribution of examples. A central idea is the concept of context: a set of contiguous examples where the distribution is stationary. The idea behind the drift detection method is to control the online error-rate of the algorithm. The training examples are presented in sequence. When a new training example is available, it is classified using the actual model. Statistical theory guarantees that while the distribution is stationary, the error wil decrease. When the distribution changes, the error will increase. The method controls the trace of the online error of the algorithm. For the actual context we define a warning level, and a drift level. A new context is declared, if in a sequence of examples, the error increases reaching the warning level at example kw, and the drift level at example kd. This is an indication of a change in the distribution of the examples. The algorithm learns a new model using only the examples since kw. The method was tested with a set of eight artificial datasets and a real world dataset. We used three learning algorithms: a perceptron, a neural network and a decision tree. The experimental results show a good performance detecting drift and also with learning the new concept. We also observe that the method is independent of the learning algorithm.",
"title": ""
}
] | [
{
"docid": "327bbbee0087e15db04780291ded9fe6",
"text": "Semantic Reliability is a novel correctness criterion for multicast protocols based on the concept of message obsolescence: A message becomes obsolete when its content or purpose is superseded by a subsequent message. By exploiting obsolescence, a reliable multicast protocol may drop irrelevant messages to find additional buffer space for new messages. This makes the multicast protocol more resilient to transient performance perturbations of group members, thus improving throughput stability. This paper describes our experience in developing a suite of semantically reliable protocols. It summarizes the motivation, definition, and algorithmic issues and presents performance figures obtained with a running implementation. The data obtained experimentally is compared with analytic and simulation models. This comparison allows us to confirm the validity of these models and the usefulness of the approach. Finally, the paper reports the application of our prototype to distributed multiplayer games.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "45cbfbe0a0bcf70910a6d6486fb858f0",
"text": "Grid cells in the entorhinal cortex of freely moving rats provide a strikingly periodic representation of self-location which is indicative of very specific computational mechanisms. However, the existence of grid cells in humans and their distribution throughout the brain are unknown. Here we show that the preferred firing directions of directionally modulated grid cells in rat entorhinal cortex are aligned with the grids, and that the spatial organization of grid-cell firing is more strongly apparent at faster than slower running speeds. Because the grids are also aligned with each other, we predicted a macroscopic signal visible to functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in humans. We then looked for this signal as participants explored a virtual reality environment, mimicking the rats’ foraging task: fMRI activation and adaptation showing a speed-modulated six-fold rotational symmetry in running direction. The signal was found in a network of entorhinal/subicular, posterior and medial parietal, lateral temporal and medial prefrontal areas. The effect was strongest in right entorhinal cortex, and the coherence of the directional signal across entorhinal cortex correlated with spatial memory performance. Our study illustrates the potential power of combining single-unit electrophysiology with fMRI in systems neuroscience. Our results provide evidence for grid-cell-like representations in humans, and implicate a specific type of neural representation in a network of regions which supports spatial cognition and also autobiographical memory.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "a85496dc96f87ba4f0018ef8bb2c8695",
"text": "The negative capacitance (NC) of ferroelectric materials has paved the way for achieving sub-60-mV/decade switching feature in complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) field-effect transistors, by simply inserting a ferroelectric thin layer in the gate stack. However, in order to utilize the ferroelectric capacitor (as a breakthrough technique to overcome the Boltzmann limit of the device using thermionic emission process), the thickness of the ferroelectric layer should be scaled down to sub-10-nm for ease of integration with conventional CMOS logic devices. In this paper, we demonstrate an NC fin-shaped field-effect transistor (FinFET) with a 6-nm-thick HfZrO ferroelectric capacitor. The performance parameters of NC FinFET such as on-/off-state currents and subthreshold slope are compared with those of the conventional FinFET. Furthermore, a repetitive and reliable steep switching feature of the NC FinFET at various drain voltages is demonstrated.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "7917c6d9a9d495190e5b7036db92d46d",
"text": "Background A precise understanding of the anatomical structures of the heart and great vessels is essential for surgical planning in order to avoid unexpected findings. Rapid prototyping techniques are used to print three-dimensional (3D) replicas of patients’ cardiovascular anatomy based on 3D clinical images such as MRI. The purpose of this study is to explore the use of 3D patient-specific cardiovascular models using rapid prototyping techniques to improve surgical planning in patients with complex congenital heart disease.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "3fbbe02ff11faa5cf6d537d5bcb0e658",
"text": "This paper reports on a mixed-method research project that examined the attitudes of computer users toward accidental/naive information security (InfoSec) behaviour. The aim of this research was to investigate the extent to which attitude data elicited from repertory grid technique (RGT) interviewees support their responses collected via an online survey questionnaire. Twenty five university students participated in this two-stage project. Individual attitude scores were calculated for each of the research methods and were compared across seven behavioural focus areas using Spearman product-moment correlation coefficient. The two sets of data exhibited a small-to-medium correlation when individual attitudes were analysed for each of the focus areas. In summary, this exploratory research indicated that the two research approaches were reasonably complementary and the RGT interview results tended to triangulate the attitude scores derived from the online survey questionnaire, particularly in regard to attitudes toward Incident Reporting behaviour, Email Use behaviour and Social Networking Site Use behaviour. The results also highlighted some attitude items in the online questionnaire that need to be reviewed for clarity, relevance and non-ambiguity.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "3bc7adca896ab0c18fd8ec9b8c5b3911",
"text": "Traditional algorithms to design hand-crafted features for action recognition have been a hot research area in last decade. Compared to RGB video, depth sequence is more insensitive to lighting changes and more discriminative due to its capability to catch geometric information of object. Unlike many existing methods for action recognition which depend on well-designed features, this paper studies deep learning-based action recognition using depth sequences and the corresponding skeleton joint information. Firstly, we construct a 3Dbased Deep Convolutional Neural Network (3DCNN) to directly learn spatiotemporal features from raw depth sequences, then compute a joint based feature vector named JointVector for each sequence by taking into account the simple position and angle information between skeleton joints. Finally, support vector machine (SVM) classification results from 3DCNN learned features and JointVector are fused to take action recognition. Experimental results demonstrate that our method can learn feature representation which is time-invariant and viewpoint-invariant from depth sequences. The proposed method achieves comparable results to the state-of-the-art methods on the UTKinect-Action3D dataset and achieves superior performance in comparison to baseline methods on the MSR-Action3D dataset. We further investigate the generalization of the trained model by transferring the learned features from one dataset (MSREmail addresses: liuzhi@cqut.edu.cn (Zhi Liu), czhang10@ccny.cuny.edu (Chenyang Zhang), ytian@ccny.cuny.edu (Yingli Tian) Preprint submitted to Image and Vision Computing April 11, 2016 Action3D) to another dataset (UTKinect-Action3D) without retraining and obtain very promising classification accuracy.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "e7f8f8bd80b1366058f356d39af483b4",
"text": "To handle the colorization problem, we propose a deep patch-wise colorization model for grayscale images. Distinguished with some constructive color mapping models with complicated mathematical priors, we alternately apply two loss metric functions in the deep model to suppress the training errors under the convolutional neural network. To address the potential boundary artifacts, a refinement scheme is presented inspired by guided filtering. In the experiment section, we summarize our network parameters setting in practice, including the patch size, amount of layers and the convolution kernels. Our experiments demonstrate this model can output more satisfactory visual colorizations compared with the state-of-the-art methods. Moreover, we prove our method has extensive application domains and can be applied to stylistic colorization.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "46d36fbc092f0f8e1e8154db1ad1f9de",
"text": "Multicarrier phase-based ranging is fast emerging as a cost-optimized solution for a wide variety of proximitybased applications due to its low power requirement, low hardware complexity and compatibility with existing standards such as ZigBee and 6LoWPAN. Given potentially critical nature of the applications in which phasebased ranging can be deployed (e.g., access control, asset tracking), it is important to evaluate its security guarantees. Therefore, in this work, we investigate the security of multicarrier phase-based ranging systems and specifically focus on distance decreasing relay attacks that have proven detrimental to the security of proximity-based access control systems (e.g., vehicular passive keyless entry and start systems). We show that phase-based ranging, as well as its implementations, are vulnerable to a variety of distance reduction attacks. We describe different attack realizations and verify their feasibility by simulations and experiments on a commercial ranging system. Specifically, we successfully reduced the estimated range to less than 3m even though the devices were more than 50 m apart. We discuss possible countermeasures against such attacks and illustrate their limitations, therefore demonstrating that phase-based ranging cannot be fully secured against distance decreasing attacks.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "96d2a6082de66034759b521547e8c8d2",
"text": "Recent developments in deep convolutional neural networks (DCNNs) have shown impressive performance improvements on various object detection/recognition problems. This has been made possible due to the availability of large annotated data and a better understanding of the nonlinear mapping between images and class labels, as well as the affordability of powerful graphics processing units (GPUs). These developments in deep learning have also improved the capabilities of machines in understanding faces and automatically executing the tasks of face detection, pose estimation, landmark localization, and face recognition from unconstrained images and videos. In this article, we provide an overview of deep-learning methods used for face recognition. We discuss different modules involved in designing an automatic face recognition system and the role of deep learning for each of them. Some open issues regarding DCNNs for face recognition problems are then discussed. This article should prove valuable to scientists, engineers, and end users working in the fields of face recognition, security, visual surveillance, and biometrics.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "7946e414908e2863ad0e2ba21dbee0be",
"text": "This paper presents a symbolic-execution-based approach and its implementation by POM/JLEC for checking the logical equivalence between two programs in the system replacement context. The primary contributions lie in the development of POM/JLEC, a fully automatic equivalence checker for Java enterprise systems. POM/JLEC consists of three main components: Domain Specific Pre-Processor for extracting the target code from the original system and adjusting it to a suitable scope for verification, Symbolic Execution for generating symbolic summaries, and solver-based EQuality comparison for comparing the symbolic summaries together and returning counter examples in the case of non-equivalence. We have evaluated POM/JLEC with a large-scale benchmark created from the function layer code of an industrial enterprise system. The evaluation result with 54% test cases passed shows the feasibility for deploying its mature version into software development industry.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "064bb39aa50a484955cfde4f585f91d7",
"text": "Congenitally missing teeth are frequently presented to the dentist. Interdisciplinary approach may be needed for the proper treatment plan. The available treatment modalities to replace congenitally missing teeth include prosthodontic fixed and removable prostheses, resin bonded retainers, orthodontic movement of maxillary canine to the lateral incisor site and single tooth implants. Dental implants offer a promising treatment option for placement of congenitally missing teeth. Interdisciplinary approach may be needed in these cases. This article aims to present a case report of replacement of unilaterally congenitally missing maxillary lateral incisors with dental implants.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "192663cdecdcfda1f86605adbc3c6a56",
"text": "With the introduction of IT to conduct business we accepted the loss of a human control step. For this reason, the introduction of new IT systems was accompanied by the development of the authorization concept. But since, in reality, there is no such thing as 100 per cent security; auditors are commissioned to examine all transactions for misconduct. Since the data exists in digital form already, it makes sense to use computer-based processes to analyse it. Such processes allow the auditor to carry out extensive checks within an acceptable timeframe and with reasonable effort. Once the algorithm has been defined, it only takes sufficient computing power to evaluate larger quantities of data. This contribution presents the state of the art for IT-based data analysis processes that can be used to identify fraudulent activities.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "87dd4ba33b9f4ae20d60097960047551",
"text": "Lacking the presence of human and social elements is claimed one major weakness that is hindering the growth of e-commerce. The emergence of social commerce (SC) might help ameliorate this situation. Social commerce is a new evolution of e-commerce that combines the commercial and social activities by deploying social technologies into e-commerce sites. Social commerce reintroduces the social aspect of shopping to e-commerce, increasing the degree of social presences in online environment. Drawing upon the social presence theory, this study theorizes the nature of social aspect in online SC marketplace by proposing a set of three social presence variables. These variables are then hypothesized to have positive impacts on trusting beliefs which in turn result in online purchase behaviors. The research model is examined via data collected from a typical ecommerce site in China. Our findings suggest that social presence factors grounded in social technologies contribute significantly to the building of the trustworthy online exchanging relationships. In doing so, this paper confirms the positive role of social aspect in shaping online purchase behaviors, providing a theoretical evidence for the fusion of social and commercial activities. Finally, this paper introduces a new perspective of e-commerce and calls more attention to this new phenomenon.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "5585cc22a0af9cf00656ac04b14ade5a",
"text": "Side-channel attacks pose a critical threat to the deployment of secure embedded systems. Differential-power analysis is a technique relying on measuring the power consumption of device while it computes a cryptographic primitive, and extracting the secret information from it exploiting the knowledge of the operations involving the key. There is no open literature describing how to properly employ Digital Signal Processing (DSP) techniques in order to improve the effectiveness of the attacks. This paper presents a pre-processing technique based on DSP, reducing the number of traces needed to perform an attack by an order of magnitude with respect to the results obtained with raw datasets, and puts it into practical use attacking a commercial 32-bit software implementation of AES running on a Cortex-M3 CPU. The main contribution of this paper is proposing a leakage model for software implemented cryptographic primitives and an effective framework to extract it.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "bb7511f4137f487b2b8bf2f6f3f73a6a",
"text": "There is extensive evidence indicating that new neurons are generated in the dentate gyrus of the adult mammalian hippocampus, a region of the brain that is important for learning and memory. However, it is not known whether these new neurons become functional, as the methods used to study adult neurogenesis are limited to fixed tissue. We use here a retroviral vector expressing green fluorescent protein that only labels dividing cells, and that can be visualized in live hippocampal slices. We report that newly generated cells in the adult mouse hippocampus have neuronal morphology and can display passive membrane properties, action potentials and functional synaptic inputs similar to those found in mature dentate granule cells. Our findings demonstrate that newly generated cells mature into functional neurons in the adult mammalian brain.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "a6959cc988542a077058e57a5d2c2eff",
"text": "A green and reliable method using supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) and molecular distillation (MD) was optimized for the separation and purification of standardized typical volatile components fraction (STVCF) from turmeric to solve the shortage of reference compounds in quality control (QC) of volatile components. A high quality essential oil with 76.0% typical components of turmeric was extracted by SFE. A sequential distillation strategy was performed by MD. The total recovery and purity of prepared STVCF were 97.3% and 90.3%, respectively. Additionally, a strategy, i.e., STVCF-based qualification and quantitative evaluation of major bioactive analytes by multiple calibrated components, was proposed to easily and effectively control the quality of turmeric. Compared with the individual calibration curve method, the STVCF-based quantification method was demonstrated to be credible and was effectively adapted for solving the shortage of reference volatile compounds and improving the QC of typical volatile components in turmeric, especially its functional products.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "3412d99c29f7672fe3846173c9a4d734",
"text": "In the last decade, the ease of online payment has opened up many new opportunities for e-commerce, lowering the geographical boundaries for retail. While e-commerce is still gaining popularity, it is also the playground of fraudsters who try to misuse the transparency of online purchases and the transfer of credit card records. This paper proposes APATE, a novel approach to detect fraudulent credit card ∗NOTICE: this is the author’s version of a work that was accepted for publication in Decision Support Systems in May 8, 2015, published online as a self-archive copy after the 24 month embargo period. Changes resulting from the publishing process, such as peer review, editing, corrections, structural formatting, and other quality control mechanisms may not be reflected in this document. Changes may have been made to this work since it was submitted for publication. Please cite this paper as follows: Van Vlasselaer, V., Bravo, C., Caelen, O., Eliassi-Rad, T., Akoglu, L., Snoeck, M., Baesens, B. (2015). APATE: A novel approach for automated credit card transaction fraud detection using network-based extensions. Decision Support Systems, 75, 38-48. Available Online: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167923615000846",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "7fe99b63d2b3d94918e4b2f536053b1c",
"text": "Delay Tolerant Networks (DTN) are networks of self-organizing wireless nodes, where end-to-end connectivity is intermittent. In these networks, forwarding decisions are made using locally collected knowledge about node behavior (e.g., past contacts between nodes) to predict which nodes are likely to deliver a content or bring it closer to the destination. One promising way of predicting future contact opportunities is to aggregate contacts seen in the past to a social graph and use metrics from complex network analysis (e.g., centrality and similarity) to assess the utility of a node to carry a piece of content. This aggregation presents an inherent tradeoff between the amount of time-related information lost during this mapping and the predictive capability of complex network analysis in this context. In this paper, we use two recent DTN routing algorithms that rely on such complex network analysis, to show that contact aggregation significantly affects the performance of these protocols. We then propose simple contact mapping algorithms that demonstrate improved performance up to a factor of 4 in delivery ratio, and robustness to various connectivity scenarios for both protocols.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "a5d0f584dd0be0d305b8e1247622bfb5",
"text": "In this paper, an all NMOS voltage-mode four-quadrant analog multiplier, based on a basic NMOS differential amplifier that can produce the output signal in voltage form without using resistors, is presented. The proposed circuit has been simulated with SPICE and achieved -3 dB bandwidth of 120 MHz. The power consumption is about 3.6 mW from a /spl plusmn/2.5 V power supply voltage, and the total harmonic distortion is 0.85% with a 1 V input signal.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "49cafb7a5a42b7a8f8260a398c390504",
"text": "With the availability of vast collection of research articles on internet, textual analysis is an increasingly important technique in scientometric analysis. While the context in which it is used and the specific algorithms implemented may vary, typically any textual analysis exercise involves intensive pre-processing of input text which includes removing topically uninteresting terms (stop words). In this paper we argue that corpus specific stop words, which take into account the specificities of a collection of texts, improve textual analysis in scientometrics. We describe two relatively simple techniques to generate corpus-specific stop words; stop words lists following a Poisson distribution and keyword adjacency stop words lists. In a case study to extract keywords from scientific abstracts of research project funded by the European Research Council in the domain of Life sciences, we show that a combination of those techniques gives better recall values than standard stop words or any of the two techniques alone. The method we propose can be implemented to obtain stop words lists in an automatic way by using author provided keywords for a set of abstracts. The stop words lists generated can be updated easily by adding new texts to the training corpus. Conference Topic Methods and techniques",
"title": ""
}
] | scidocsrr |
ae34a2fbc651d06af28faf80b5c7721f | Motion Blur Kernel Estimation via Deep Learning | [
{
"docid": "3e8b5f71776ab38861412f26f58e972e",
"text": "Camera shake leads to non-uniform image blurs. State-of-the-art methods for removing camera shake model the blur as a linear combination of homographically transformed versions of the true image. While this is conceptually interesting, the resulting algorithms are computationally demanding. In this paper we develop a forward model based on the efficient filter flow framework, incorporating the particularities of camera shake, and show how an efficient algorithm for blur removal can be obtained. Comprehensive comparisons on a number of real-world blurry images show that our approach is not only substantially faster, but it also leads to better deblurring results.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "04d190daef0abb78f3c4d85e23297fbc",
"text": "Blind image deconvolution is an ill-posed problem that requires regularization to solve. However, many common forms of image prior used in this setting have a major drawback in that the minimum of the resulting cost function does not correspond to the true sharp solution. Accordingly, a range of additional methods are needed to yield good results (Bayesian methods, adaptive cost functions, alpha-matte extraction and edge localization). In this paper we introduce a new type of image regularization which gives lowest cost for the true sharp image. This allows a very simple cost formulation to be used for the blind deconvolution model, obviating the need for additional methods. Due to its simplicity the algorithm is fast and very robust. We demonstrate our method on real images with both spatially invariant and spatially varying blur.",
"title": ""
}
] | [
{
"docid": "f7a6cc4ebc1d2657175301dc05c86a7b",
"text": "Recent deep learning models have demonstrated strong capabilities for classifying text and non-text components in natural images. They extract a high-level feature globally computed from a whole image component (patch), where the cluttered background information may dominate true text features in the deep representation. This leads to less discriminative power and poorer robustness. In this paper, we present a new system for scene text detection by proposing a novel text-attentional convolutional neural network (Text-CNN) that particularly focuses on extracting text-related regions and features from the image components. We develop a new learning mechanism to train the Text-CNN with multi-level and rich supervised information, including text region mask, character label, and binary text/non-text information. The rich supervision information enables the Text-CNN with a strong capability for discriminating ambiguous texts, and also increases its robustness against complicated background components. The training process is formulated as a multi-task learning problem, where low-level supervised information greatly facilitates the main task of text/non-text classification. In addition, a powerful low-level detector called contrast-enhancement maximally stable extremal regions (MSERs) is developed, which extends the widely used MSERs by enhancing intensity contrast between text patterns and background. This allows it to detect highly challenging text patterns, resulting in a higher recall. Our approach achieved promising results on the ICDAR 2013 data set, with an F-measure of 0.82, substantially improving the state-of-the-art results.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "1ca7cf4fd64327b2eb77b7b3a3e37cc8",
"text": "The current study demonstrates the separability of spatial and verbal working memory resources among college students. In Experiment 1, we developed a spatial span task that taxes both the processing and storage components of spatial working memory. This measure correlates with spatial ability (spatial visualization) measures, but not with verbal ability measures. In contrast, the reading span test, a common test of verbal working memory, correlates with verbal ability measures, but not with spatial ability measures. Experiment 2, which uses an interference paradigm to cross the processing and storage demands of span tasks, replicates this dissociation and further demonstrates that both the processing and storage components of working memory tasks are important for predicting performance on spatial thinking and language processing tasks.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "abb01393c17bf9e5dbb07952a80fd2ab",
"text": "We report a case of a 48-year-old male patient with “krokodil” drug-related osteonecrosis of both jaws. Patient history included 1.5 years of “krokodil” use, with 8-month drug withdrawal prior to surgery. The patient was HCV positive. On the maxilla, sequestrectomy was performed. On the mandible, sequestrectomy was combined with bone resection. From ramus to ramus, segmental defect was formed, which was not reconstructed with any method. Post-operative follow-up period was 3 years and no disease recurrence was noted. On 3-year post-operative orthopantomogram, newly formed mandibular bone was found. This phenomenon shows that spontaneous bone formation is possible after mandible segmental resection in osteonecrosis patients.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "06da3a4efe9ef2f5978a84da09650659",
"text": "We present CryptoML, the first practical framework for provably secure and efficient delegation of a wide range of contemporary matrix-based machine learning (ML) applications on massive datasets. In CryptoML a delegating client with memory and computational resource constraints wishes to assign the storage and ML-related computations to the cloud servers, while preserving the privacy of its data. We first suggest the dominant components of delegation performance cost, and create a matrix sketching technique that aims at minimizing the cost by data pre-processing. We then propose a novel interactive delegation protocol based on the provably secure Shamir's secret sharing. The protocol is customized for our new sketching technique to maximize the client's resource efficiency. CryptoML shows a new trade-off between the efficiency of secure delegation and the accuracy of the ML task. Proof of concept evaluations corroborate applicability of CryptoML to datasets with billions of non-zero records.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "7ff79a0701051f653257aefa2c3ba154",
"text": "As antivirus and network intrusion detection systems have increasingly proven insufficient to detect advanced threats, large security operations centers have moved to deploy endpoint-based sensors that provide deeper visibility into low-level events across their enterprises. Unfortunately, for many organizations in government and industry, the installation, maintenance, and resource requirements of these newer solutions pose barriers to adoption and are perceived as risks to organizations' missions. To mitigate this problem we investigated the utility of agentless detection of malicious endpoint behavior, using only the standard built-in Windows audit logging facility as our signal. We found that Windows audit logs, while emitting manageable sized data streams on the endpoints, provide enough information to allow robust detection of malicious behavior. Audit logs provide an effective, low-cost alternative to deploying additional expensive agent-based breach detection systems in many government and industrial settings, and can be used to detect, in our tests, 83% percent of malware samples with a 0.1% false positive rate. They can also supplement already existing host signature-based antivirus solutions, like Kaspersky, Symantec, and McAfee, detecting, in our testing environment, 78% of malware missed by those antivirus systems.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "cf1967eaa2fe97a3de2b99aec0df27cb",
"text": "We present a high gain linearly polarized Ku-band planar array for mobile satellite TV reception. In contrast with previously presented three dimensional designs, the approach presented here results in a low profile planar array with a similar performance. The elevation scan is performed electronically, whereas the azimuth scan is done mechanically using an electric motor. The incident angle of the arriving satellite signal is generally large, varying between 25° to 65° depending on the location of the receiver, thereby creating a considerable off-axis scan loss. In order to alleviate this problem, and yet maintaining a planar design, the antenna array is designed to be consisting of subarrays with a fixed scanned beam at 45°. Therefore, the array of fixed-beam subarrays needs to be scanned ±20° around their peak beam, which results in a higher combined gain/directivity. The proposed antenna demonstrates the minimum measured gain of 23.1 dBi throughout the scan range (for 65° scan) with the peak gain of 26.5 dBi (for 32° scan) at 12 GHz while occupying a circular aperture of 26 cm in diameter.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "5941a883218e22a06efd3bba1e851fc7",
"text": "Sparse data and irregular data access patterns are hugely important to many applications, such as molecular dynamics and data analytics. Accelerating applications with these characteristics requires maximizing usable bandwidth at all levels of the memory hierarchy, reducing latency, maximizing reuse of moved data, and minimizing the amount the data is moved in the first place. Many specialized data structures have evolved to meet these requisites for specific applications, however, there are no general solutions for improving the performance of sparse applications. The structure of the memory hierarchy itself, conspires against general hardware for accelerating sparse applications, being designed for efficient bulk transport of data versus one byte at a time. This paper presents a general solution for a programmable data rearrangement/reduction engine near-memory to deliver bulk byte-addressable data access. The key technology presented in this paper is the Sparse Data Reduction Engine (SPDRE), which builds previous similar efforts to provide a practical near-memory reorganization engine. In addition to the primary contribution, this paper describes a programmer interface that enables all combinations of rearrangement, analysis of the methodology on a small series of applications, and finally a discussion of future work.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "76454b3376ec556025201a2f694e1f1c",
"text": "Recurrent neural networks (RNNs) provide state-of-the-art accuracy for performing analytics on datasets with sequence (e.g., language model). This paper studied a state-of-the-art RNN variant, Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU). We first proposed memoization optimization to avoid 3 out of the 6 dense matrix vector multiplications (SGEMVs) that are the majority of the computation in GRU. Then, we study the opportunities to accelerate the remaining SGEMVs using FPGAs, in comparison to 14-nm ASIC, GPU, and multi-core CPU. Results show that FPGA provides superior performance/Watt over CPU and GPU because FPGA's on-chip BRAMs, hard DSPs, and reconfigurable fabric allow for efficiently extracting fine-grained parallelisms from small/medium size matrices used by GRU. Moreover, newer FPGAs with more DSPs, on-chip BRAMs, and higher frequency have the potential to narrow the FPGA-ASIC efficiency gap.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "79beaf249c8772ee1cbd535df0bf5a13",
"text": "Accurate vessel detection in retinal images is an important and difficult task. Detection is made more challenging in pathological images with the presence of exudates and other abnormalities. In this paper, we present a new unsupervised vessel segmentation approach to address this problem. A novel inpainting filter, called neighborhood estimator before filling, is proposed to inpaint exudates in a way that nearby false positives are significantly reduced during vessel enhancement. Retinal vascular enhancement is achieved with a multiple-scale Hessian approach. Experimental results show that the proposed vessel segmentation method outperforms state-of-the-art algorithms reported in the recent literature, both visually and in terms of quantitative measurements, with overall mean accuracy of 95.62% on the STARE dataset and 95.81% on the HRF dataset.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "5bff5c54824d24b6ab72d01e0771db36",
"text": "Visual restoration and recognition are traditionally addressed in pipeline fashion, i.e. denoising followed by classification. Instead, observing correlations between the two tasks, for example clearer image will lead to better categorization and vice visa, we propose a joint framework for visual restoration and recognition for handwritten images, inspired by advances in deep autoencoder and multi-modality learning. Our model is a 3-pathway deep architecture with a hidden-layer representation which is shared by multi-inputs and outputs, and each branch can be composed of a multi-layer deep model. Thus, visual restoration and classification can be unified using shared representation via non-linear mapping, and model parameters can be learnt via backpropagation. Using MNIST and USPS data corrupted with structured noise, the proposed framework performs at least 20% better in classification than separate pipelines, as well as clearer recovered images.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "2a79464b8674b689239f4579043bd525",
"text": "In this paper, we extend an attention-based neural machine translation (NMT) model by allowing it to access an entire training set of parallel sentence pairs even after training. The proposed approach consists of two stages. In the first stage– retrieval stage–, an off-the-shelf, black-box search engine is used to retrieve a small subset of sentence pairs from a training set given a source sentence. These pairs are further filtered based on a fuzzy matching score based on edit distance. In the second stage–translation stage–, a novel translation model, called search engine guided NMT (SEG-NMT), seamlessly uses both the source sentence and a set of retrieved sentence pairs to perform the translation. Empirical evaluation on three language pairs (En-Fr, En-De, and En-Es) shows that the proposed approach significantly outperforms the baseline approach and the improvement is more significant when more relevant sentence pairs were retrieved.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "1df4fad2d5448364834608f4bc9d10a0",
"text": "What causes adolescents to be materialistic? Prior research shows parents and peers are an important influence. Researchers have viewed parents and peers as socialization agents that transmit consumption attitudes, goals, and motives to adolescents. We take a different approach, viewing parents and peers as important sources of emotional support and psychological well-being, which increase self-esteem in adolescents. Supportive parents and peers boost adolescents' self-esteem, which decreases their need to turn to material goods to develop positive selfperceptions. In a study with 12–18 year-olds, we find support for our view that self-esteem mediates the relationship between parent/peer influence and adolescent materialism. © 2010 Society for Consumer Psychology. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Rising levels of materialism among adolescents have raised concerns among parents, educators, and consumer advocates.More than half of 9–14 year-olds agree that, “when you grow up, the more money you have, the happier you are,” and over 60% agree that, “the only kind of job I want when I grow up is one that getsme a lot of money” (Goldberg, Gorn, Peracchio, & Bamossy, 2003). These trends have lead social scientists to conclude that adolescents today are “...the most brand-oriented, consumer-involved, and materialistic generation in history” (Schor, 2004, p. 13). What causes adolescents to bematerialistic? Themost consistent finding to date is that adolescent materialism is related to the interpersonal influences in their lives—notably, parents and peers. The vast majority of research is based on a social influence perspective, viewing parents and peers as socialization agents that transmit consumption attitudes, goals, and motives to adolescents through modeling, reinforcement, and social interaction. In early research, Churchill and Moschis (1979) proposed that adolescents learn rational aspects of consumption from their parents and social aspects of consumption (materialism) from their peers. Moore and ⁎ Corresponding author. Villanova School of Business, 800 Lancaster Avenue, Villanova, PA 19085, USA. Fax: +1 520 621 7483. E-mail addresses: chaplin@eller.arizona.edu (L.N. Chaplin), djohn@umn.edu (D.R. John). 1057-7408/$ see front matter © 2010 Society for Consumer Psychology. Publish doi:10.1016/j.jcps.2010.02.002 Moschis (1981) examined family communication styles, suggesting that certain styles (socio-oriented) promote conformity to others' views, setting the stage for materialism. In later work, Goldberg et al. (2003) posited that parents transmit materialistic values to their offspring by modeling these values. Researchers have also reported positive correlations betweenmaterialism and socio-oriented family communication (Moore & Moschis, 1981), parents' materialism (Flouri, 2004; Goldberg et al., 2003), peer communication about consumption (Churchill & Moschis, 1979; Moschis & Churchill, 1978), and susceptibility to peer influence (Achenreiner, 1997; Banerjee & Dittmar, 2008; Roberts, Manolis, & Tanner, 2008). We take a different approach. Instead of viewing parents and peers as socialization agents that transmit consumption attitudes and values, we consider parents and peers as important sources of emotional support and psychological well-being, which lay the foundation for self-esteem in adolescents. We argue that supportive parents and peers boost adolescents' self-esteem, which decreases their need to embrace material goods as a way to develop positive self-perceptions. Prior research is suggestive of our perspective. In studies with young adults, researchers have found a link between (1) lower parental support (cold and controlling mothers) and a focus on financial success aspirations (Kasser, Ryan, Zax, & Sameroff, 1995: 18 year-olds) and (2) lower parental support (less affection and supervision) in ed by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 1 Support refers to warmth, affection, nurturance, and acceptance (Becker, 1981; Ellis, Thomas, and Rollins, 1976). Parental nurturance involves the development of caring relationships, in which parents reason with their children about moral conflicts, involve them in family decision making, and set high moral expectations (Maccoby, 1984; Staub, 1988). 177 L.N. Chaplin, D.R. John / Journal of Consumer Psychology 20 (2010) 176–184 divorced families and materialism (Rindfleisch, Burroughs, & Denton, 1997: 20–32 year-olds). These studies do not focus on adolescents, do not examine peer factors, nor do they include measures of self-esteem or self-worth. But, they do suggest that parents and peers can influence materialism in ways other than transmitting consumption attitudes and values, which has been the focus of prior research on adolescent materialism. In this article, we seek preliminary evidence for our view by testing whether self-esteem mediates the relationship between parent/peer influence and adolescent materialism. We include parent and peer factors that inhibit or encourage adolescent materialism, which allows us to test self-esteem as a mediator under both conditions. For parental influence, we include parental support (inhibits materialism) and parents' materialism (encourages materialism). Both factors have appeared in prior materialism studies, but our interest here is whether self-esteem is a mediator of their influence on materialism. For peer influence, we include peer support (inhibits materialism) and peers' materialism (encourages materialism), with our interest being whether self-esteem is a mediator of their influence on materialism. These peer factors are new to materialism research and offer potentially new insights. Contrary to prior materialism research, which views peers as encouraging materialism among adolescents, we also consider the possibility that peers may be a positive influence by providing emotional support in the same way that parents do. Our research offers several contributions to understanding materialism in adolescents. First, we provide a broader perspective on the role of parents and peers as influences on adolescent materialism. The social influence perspective, which views parents and peers as transmitting consumption attitudes and values, has dominated materialism research with children and adolescents since its early days. We provide a broader perspective by considering parents and peers as much more than socialization agents—they contribute heavily to the sense of self-esteem that adolescents possess, which influences materialism. Second, our perspective provides a process explanation for why parents and peers influence materialism that can be empirically tested. Prior research offers a valuable set of findings about what factors correlate with adolescent materialism, but the process responsible for the correlation is left untested. Finally, we provide a parsimonious explanation for why different factors related to parent and peer influence affect adolescent materialism. Although the number of potential parent and peer factors is large, it is possible that there is a common thread (self-esteem) for why these factors influence adolescent materialism. Isolating mediators, such as selfesteem, could provide the basis for developing a conceptual framework to tie together findings across prior studies with different factors, providing a more unified explanation for why certain adolescents are more vulnerable to materialism.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "e4f648d12495a2d7615fe13c84f35bbe",
"text": "We propose a simple modification to existing neural machine translation (NMT) models that enables using a single universal model to translate between multiple languages while allowing for language specific parameterization, and that can also be used for domain adaptation. Our approach requires no changes to the model architecture of a standard NMT system, but instead introduces a new component, the contextual parameter generator (CPG), that generates the parameters of the system (e.g., weights in a neural network). This parameter generator accepts source and target language embeddings as input, and generates the parameters for the encoder and the decoder, respectively. The rest of the model remains unchanged and is shared across all languages. We show how this simple modification enables the system to use monolingual data for training and also perform zero-shot translation. We further show it is able to surpass state-of-theart performance for both the IWSLT-15 and IWSLT-17 datasets and that the learned language embeddings are able to uncover interesting relationships between languages.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "24ecf1119592cc5496dc4994d463eabe",
"text": "To improve data availability and resilience MapReduce frameworks use file systems that replicate data uniformly. However, analysis of job logs from a large production cluster shows wide disparity in data popularity. Machines and racks storing popular content become bottlenecks; thereby increasing the completion times of jobs accessing this data even when there are machines with spare cycles in the cluster. To address this problem, we present Scarlett, a system that replicates blocks based on their popularity. By accurately predicting file popularity and working within hard bounds on additional storage, Scarlett causes minimal interference to running jobs. Trace driven simulations and experiments in two popular MapReduce frameworks (Hadoop, Dryad) show that Scarlett effectively alleviates hotspots and can speed up jobs by 20.2%.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "ce37f72aa7b1433cdb18af526c115138",
"text": "Deep learning algorithms achieve high classification accuracy at the expense of significant computation cost. To address this cost, a number of quantization schemes have been proposed but most of these techniques focused on quantizing weights, which are relatively smaller in size compared to activations. This paper proposes a novel quantization scheme for activations during training that enables neural networks to work well with ultra low precision weights and activations without any significant accuracy degradation. This technique, PArameterized Clipping acTivation (PACT), uses an activation clipping parameter α that is optimized during training to find the right quantization scale. PACT allows quantizing activations to arbitrary bit precisions, while achieving much better accuracy relative to published state-of-the-art quantization schemes. We show, for the first time, that both weights and activations can be quantized to 4-bits of precision while still achieving accuracy comparable to full precision networks across a range of popular models and datasets. We also show that exploiting these reduced-precision computational units in hardware can enable a super-linear improvement in inferencing performance due to a significant reduction in the area of accelerator compute engines coupled with the ability to retain the quantized model and activation data in on-chip memories.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "d4f953596e49393a4ca65e202eab725c",
"text": "This work integrates deep learning and symbolic programming paradigms into a unified method for deploying applications to a neuromorphic system. The approach removes the need for coordination among disjoint co-processors by embedding both types entirely on a neuromorphic processor. This integration provides a flexible approach for using each technique where it performs best. A single neuromorphic solution can seamlessly deploy neural networks for classifying sensor-driven noisy data obtained from the environment alongside programmed symbolic logic to processes the input from the networks. We present a concrete implementation of the proposed framework using the TrueNorth neuromorphic processor to play blackjack using a pre-programmed optimal strategy algorithm combined with a neural network trained to classify card images as input. Future extensions of this approach will develop a symbolic neuromorphic compiler for automatically creating networks from a symbolic programming language.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "9270af032d1adbf9829e7d723ff76849",
"text": "To detect illegal copies of copyrighted images, recent copy detection methods mostly rely on the bag-of-visual-words (BOW) model, in which local features are quantized into visual words for image matching. However, both the limited discriminability of local features and the BOW quantization errors will lead to many false local matches, which make it hard to distinguish similar images from copies. Geometric consistency verification is a popular technology for reducing the false matches, but it neglects global context information of local features and thus cannot solve this problem well. To address this problem, this paper proposes a global context verification scheme to filter false matches for copy detection. More specifically, after obtaining initial scale invariant feature transform (SIFT) matches between images based on the BOW quantization, the overlapping region-based global context descriptor (OR-GCD) is proposed for the verification of these matches to filter false matches. The OR-GCD not only encodes relatively rich global context information of SIFT features but also has good robustness and efficiency. Thus, it allows an effective and efficient verification. Furthermore, a fast image similarity measurement based on random verification is proposed to efficiently implement copy detection. In addition, we also extend the proposed method for partial-duplicate image detection. Extensive experiments demonstrate that our method achieves higher accuracy than the state-of-the-art methods, and has comparable efficiency to the baseline method based on the BOW quantization.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "fc07af4d49f7b359e484381a0a88aff7",
"text": "In this paper, we develop the idea of a universal anytime intelligence test. The meaning of the terms “universal” and “anytime” is manifold here: the test should be able to measure the intelligence of any biological or artificial system that exists at this time or in the future. It should also be able to evaluate both inept and brilliant systems (any intelligence level) as well as very slow to very fast systems (any time scale). Also, the test may be interrupted at any time, producing an approximation to the intelligence score, in such a way that the more time is left for the test, the better the assessment will be. In order to do this, our test proposal is based on previous works on the measurement of machine intelligence based on Kolmogorov Complexity and universal distributions, which were developed in the late 1990s (C-tests and compression-enhanced Turing tests). It is also based on the more recent idea of measuring intelligence through dynamic/interactive tests held against a universal distribution of environments. We discuss some of these tests and highlight their limitations since we want to construct a test that is both general and practical. Consequently, we introduce many new ideas that develop early “compression tests” and the more recent definition of “universal intelligence” in order to design new “universal intelligence tests”, where a feasible implementation has been a design requirement. One of these tests is the “anytime intelligence test”, which adapts to the examinee’s level of intelligence in order to obtain an intelligence score within a limited time.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "a56c98284e1ac38e9aa2e4aa4b7a87a9",
"text": "Background: The extrahepatic biliary tree with the exact anatomic features of the arterial supply observed by laparoscopic means has not been described heretofore. Iatrogenic injuries of the extrahepatic biliary tree and neighboring blood vessels are not rare. Accidents involving vessels or the common bile duct during laparoscopic cholecystectomy, with or without choledocotomy, can be avoided by careful dissection of Calot's triangle and the hepatoduodenal ligament. Methods: We performed 244 laparoscopic cholecystectomies over a 2-year period between January 1, 1995 and January 1, 1997. Results: In 187 of 244 consecutive cases (76.6%), we found a typical arterial supply anteromedial to the cystic duct, near the sentinel cystic lymph node. In the other cases, there was an atypical arterial supply, and 27 of these cases (11.1%) had no cystic artery in Calot's triangle. A typical blood supply and accessory arteries were observed in 18 cases (7.4%). Conclusion: Young surgeons who are not yet familiar with the handling of an anatomically abnormal cystic blood supply need to be more aware of the precise anatomy of the extrahepatic biliary tree.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "aeb4af864a4e2435486a69f5694659dc",
"text": "A great amount of research has been developed around the early cognitive impairments that best predict the onset of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Given that mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is no longer considered to be an intermediate state between normal aging and AD, new paths have been traced to acquire further knowledge about this condition and its subtypes, and to determine which of them have a higher risk of conversion to AD. It is now known that other deficits besides episodic and semantic memory impairments may be present in the early stages of AD, such as visuospatial and executive function deficits. Furthermore, recent investigations have proven that the hippocampus and the medial temporal lobe structures are not only involved in memory functioning, but also in visual processes. These early changes in memory, visual, and executive processes may also be detected with the study of eye movement patterns in pathological conditions like MCI and AD. In the present review, we attempt to explore the existing literature concerning these patterns of oculomotor changes and how these changes are related to the early signs of AD. In particular, we argue that deficits in visual short-term memory, specifically in iconic memory, attention processes, and inhibitory control, may be found through the analysis of eye movement patterns, and we discuss how they might help to predict the progression from MCI to AD. We add that the study of eye movement patterns in these conditions, in combination with neuroimaging techniques and appropriate neuropsychological tasks based on rigorous concepts derived from cognitive psychology, may highlight the early presence of cognitive impairments in the course of the disease.",
"title": ""
}
] | scidocsrr |
cad6d5cdd67c96838b3f48470ebf28b1 | Visual Query Language: Finding patterns in and relationships among time series data | [
{
"docid": "44f41d363390f6f079f2e67067ffa36d",
"text": "The research described in this paper was supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Grants IST-g0-12418 and IST-82-10564. and in part by the Office of Naval Research under Grant N00014-80-C-0197. Permission to copy without fee all or part of this material is granted provided that the copies are not made or distributed for direct commercial advantage, the ACM copyright notice and the title of the publication and its date appear, and notice is given that copying is by permission of the Association for Computing Machinery. To copy otherwise, or to republish, requires a fee and/or specific permission. © 1983 ACM 0001-0782/83/1100.0832 75¢",
"title": ""
}
] | [
{
"docid": "e7a260bfb238d8b4f147ac9c2a029d1d",
"text": "The full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-pro t purposes provided that: • a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in DRO • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. Please consult the full DRO policy for further details.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "c46b0f8d340bd45c0b64c5d6cfd752a3",
"text": "We propose a method for inferring the existence of a latent common cause (“confounder”) of two observed random variables. The method assumes that the two effects of the confounder are (possibly nonlinear) functions of the confounder plus independent, additive noise. We discuss under which conditions the model is identifiable (up to an arbitrary reparameterization of the confounder) from the joint distribution of the effects. We state and prove a theoretical result that provides evidence for the conjecture that the model is generically identifiable under suitable technical conditions. In addition, we propose a practical method to estimate the confounder from a finite i.i.d. sample of the effects and illustrate that the method works well on both simulated and real-world data.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "d0c4997c611d8759805d33cf1ad9eef1",
"text": "The automatic evaluation of text-based assessment items, such as short answers or essays, is an open and important research challenge. In this paper, we compare several features for the classification of short open-ended responses to questions related to a large first-year health sciences course. These features include a) traditional n-gram models; b) entity URIs (Uniform Resource Identifier) and c) entity mentions extracted using a semantic annotation API; d) entity mention embeddings based on GloVe, and e) entity URI embeddings extracted from Wikipedia. These features are used in combination with classification algorithms to discriminate correct answers from incorrect ones. Our results show that, on average, n-gram features performed the best in terms of precision and entity mentions in terms of f1-score. Similarly, in terms of accuracy, entity mentions and n-gram features performed the best. Finally, features based on dense vector representations such as entity embeddings and mention embeddings obtained the best f1-score for predicting correct answers.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "284c7292bd7e79c5c907fc2aa21fb52c",
"text": "Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS) is an AI technique that has been successfully applied to many deterministic games of perfect information, leading to large advances in a number of domains, such as Go and General Game Playing. Imperfect information games are less well studied in the field of AI despite being popular and of significant commercial interest, for example in the case of computer and mobile adaptations of turn based board and card games. This is largely because hidden information and uncertainty leads to a large increase in complexity compared to perfect information games. In this thesis MCTS is extended to games with hidden information and uncertainty through the introduction of the Information Set MCTS (ISMCTS) family of algorithms. It is demonstrated that ISMCTS can handle hidden information and uncertainty in a variety of complex board and card games. This is achieved whilst preserving the general applicability of MCTS and using computational budgets appropriate for use in a commercial game. The ISMCTS algorithm is shown to outperform the existing approach of Perfect Information Monte Carlo (PIMC) search. Additionally it is shown that ISMCTS can be used to solve two known issues with PIMC search, namely strategy fusion and non-locality. ISMCTS has been integrated into a commercial game, Spades by AI Factory, with over 2.5 million downloads. The Information Capture And ReUSe (ICARUS) framework is also introduced in this thesis. The ICARUS framework generalises MCTS enhancements in terms of information capture (from MCTS simulations) and reuse (to improve MCTS tree and simulation policies). The ICARUS framework is used to express existing enhancements, to provide a tool to design new ones, and to rigorously define how MCTS enhancements can be combined. The ICARUS framework is tested across a wide variety of games.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "7b4dd695182f7e15e58f44e309bf897c",
"text": "Phosphorus is one of the most abundant elements preserved in earth, and it comprises a fraction of ∼0.1% of the earth crust. In general, phosphorus has several allotropes, and the two most commonly seen allotropes, i.e. white and red phosphorus, are widely used in explosives and safety matches. In addition, black phosphorus, though rarely mentioned, is a layered semiconductor and has great potential in optical and electronic applications. Remarkably, this layered material can be reduced to one single atomic layer in the vertical direction owing to the van der Waals structure, and is known as phosphorene, in which the physical properties can be tremendously different from its bulk counterpart. In this review article, we trace back to the research history on black phosphorus of over 100 years from the synthesis to material properties, and extend the topic from black phosphorus to phosphorene. The physical and transport properties are highlighted for further applications in electronic and optoelectronics devices.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "0022623017e81ee0a102da0524c83932",
"text": "Calcite is a new Eclipse plugin that helps address the difficulty of understanding and correctly using an API. Calcite finds the most popular ways to instantiate a given class or interface by using code examples. To allow the users to easily add these object instantiations to their code, Calcite adds items to the popup completion menu that will insert the appropriate code into the user’s program. Calcite also uses crowd sourcing to add to the menu instructions in the form of comments that help the user perform functions that people have identified as missing from the API. In a user study, Calcite improved users’ success rate by 40%.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "c253083ab44c842819059ad64781d51d",
"text": "RGB-D data is getting ever more interest from the research community as both cheap cameras appear in the market and the applications of this type of data become more common. A current trend in processing image data is the use of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) that have consistently beat competition in most benchmark data sets. In this paper we investigate the possibility of transferring knowledge between CNNs when processing RGB-D data with the goal of both improving accuracy and reducing training time. We present experiments that show that our proposed approach can achieve both these goals.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "1aa7e7fe70bdcbc22b5d59b0605c34e9",
"text": "Surgical tasks are complex multi-step sequences of smaller subtasks (often called surgemes) and it is useful to segment task demonstrations into meaningful subsequences for:(a) extracting finite-state machines for automation, (b) surgical training and skill assessment, and (c) task classification. Existing supervised methods for task segmentation use segment labels from a dictionary of motions to build classifiers. However, as the datasets become voluminous, the labeling becomes arduous and further, this method doesnt́ generalize to new tasks that dont́ use the same dictionary. We propose an unsupervised semantic task segmentation framework by learning “milestones”, ellipsoidal regions of the position and feature states at which a task transitions between motion regimes modeled as locally linear. Milestone learning uses a hierarchy of Dirichlet Process Mixture Models, learned through Expectation-Maximization, to cluster the transition points and optimize the number of clusters. It leverages transition information from kinematic state as well as environment state such as visual features. We also introduce a compaction step which removes repetitive segments that correspond to a mid-demonstration failure recovery by retrying an action. We evaluate Milestones Learning on three surgical subtasks: pattern cutting, suturing, and needle passing. Initial results suggest that our milestones qualitatively match manually annotated segmentation. While one-to-one correspondence of milestones with annotated data is not meaningful, the milestones recovered from our method have exactly one annotated surgeme transition in 74% (needle passing) and 66% (suturing) of total milestones, indicating a semantic match.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "d151881de9a0e1699e95db7bbebc032b",
"text": "Despite the noticeable progress in perceptual tasks like detection, instance segmentation and human parsing, computers still perform unsatisfactorily on visually understanding humans in crowded scenes, such as group behavior analysis, person re-identification and autonomous driving, etc. To this end, models need to comprehensively perceive the semantic information and the differences between instances in a multi-human image, which is recently defined as the multi-human parsing task. In this paper, we present a new large-scale database “Multi-Human Parsing (MHP)” for algorithm development and evaluation, and advances the state-of-the-art in understanding humans in crowded scenes. MHP contains 25,403 elaborately annotated images with 58 fine-grained semantic category labels, involving 2-26 persons per image and captured in real-world scenes from various viewpoints, poses, occlusion, interactions and background. We further propose a novel deep Nested Adversarial Network (NAN) model for multi-human parsing. NAN consists of three Generative Adversarial Network (GAN)-like sub-nets, respectively performing semantic saliency prediction, instance-agnostic parsing and instance-aware clustering. These sub-nets form a nested structure and are carefully designed to learn jointly in an end-to-end way. NAN consistently outperforms existing state-of-the-art solutions on our MHP and several other datasets, and serves as a strong baseline to drive the future research for multi-human parsing.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "9858386550b0193c079f1d7fe2b5b8b3",
"text": "Objective This study examined the associations between household food security (access to sufficient, safe, and nutritious food) during infancy and attachment and mental proficiency in toddlerhood. Methods Data from a longitudinal nationally representative sample of infants and toddlers (n = 8944) from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study—9-month (2001–2002) and 24-month (2003–2004) surveys were used. Structural equation modeling was used to examine the direct and indirect associations between food insecurity at 9 months, and attachment and mental proficiency at 24 months. Results Food insecurity worked indirectly through depression and parenting practices to influence security of attachment and mental proficiency in toddlerhood. Conclusions Social policies that address the adequacy and predictability of food supplies in families with infants have the potential to affect parental depression and parenting behavior, and thereby attachment and cognitive development at very early ages.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "ba3bf5f03e44e29a657d8035bb00535c",
"text": "Due to the broadcast nature of WiFi communication anyone with suitable hardware is able to monitor surrounding traffic. However, a WiFi device is able to listen to only one channel at any given time. The simple solution for capturing traffic across multiple channels involves channel hopping, which as a side effect reduces dwell time per channel. Hence monitoring with channel hopping does not produce a comprehensive view of the traffic across all channels at a given time.\n In this paper we present an inexpensive multi-channel WiFi capturing system (dubbed the wireless shark\") and evaluate its performance in terms of traffic cap- turing efficiency. Our results confirm and quantify the intuition that the performance is directly related to the number of WiFi adapters being used for listening. As a second contribution of the paper we use the wireless shark to observe the behavior of 14 different mobile devices, both in controlled and normal office environments. In our measurements, we focus on the probe traffic that the devices send when they attempt to discover available WiFi networks. Our results expose some distinct characteristics in various mobile devices' probing behavior.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "d71c2f3d1a10b5a2cb33247129bfd8e0",
"text": "PURPOSE OF REVIEW\nTo review the current practice in the field of auricular reconstruction and to highlight the recent advances reported in the medical literature.\n\n\nRECENT FINDINGS\nThe majority of surgeons who perform auricular reconstruction continue to employ the well-established techniques developed by Brent and Nagata. Surgery takes between two and four stages, with the initial stage being construction of a framework of autogenous rib cartilage which is implanted into a subcutaneous pocket. Several modifications of these techniques have been reported. More recently, synthetic frameworks have been employed instead of autogenous rib cartilage. For this procedure, the implant is generally covered with a temporoparietal flap and a skin graft at the first stage of surgery. Tissue engineering is a rapidly developing field, and there have been several articles related to the field of auricular reconstruction. These show great potential to offer a solution to the challenge associated with construction of a viable autogenous cartilage framework, whilst avoiding donor-site morbidity.\n\n\nSUMMARY\nThis article gives an overview of the current practice in the field of auricular reconstruction and summarizes the recent surgical developments and relevant tissue engineering research.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "e26f8d654eb4bf0f3e974ed7e65fb4e1",
"text": "The FIRE 2016 Microblog track focused on retrieval of microblogs (tweets posted on Twitter) during disaster events. A collection of about 50,000 microblogs posted during a recent disaster event was made available to the participants, along with a set of seven practical information needs during a disaster situation. The task was to retrieve microblogs relevant to these needs. 10 teams participated in the task, submitting a total of 15 runs. The task resulted in comparison among performances of various microblog retrieval strategies over a benchmark collection, and brought out the challenges in microblog retrieval.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "c9b4ada661599a4c0c78176840f78171",
"text": "In this paper, we present the suite of tools of the FOMCON (“Fractional-order Modeling and Control”) toolbox for MATLAB that are used to carry out fractional-order PID controller design and hardware realization. An overview of the toolbox, its structure and particular modules, is presented with appropriate comments. We use a laboratory object designed to conduct temperature control experiments to illustrate the methods employed in FOMCON to derive suitable parameters for the controller and arrive at a digital implementation thereof on an 8-bit AVR microprocessor. The laboratory object is working under a real-time simulation platform with Simulink, Real-Time Windows Target toolbox and necessary drivers as its software backbone. Experimental results are provided which support the effectiveness of the proposed software solution.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "8b84dc47c6a9d39ef1d094aa173a954c",
"text": "Named entity recognition (NER) is a subtask of information extraction that seeks to locate and classify atomic elements in text into predefined categories such as the names of persons, organizations, locations, expressions of times, quantities, monetary values, percentages, etc. We use the JavaNLP repository(http://nlp.stanford.edu/javanlp/ ) for its implementation of a Conditional Random Field(CRF) and a Conditional Markov Model(CMM), also called a Maximum Entropy Markov Model. We have obtained results on majority voting with different labeling schemes, with backward and forward parsing of the CMM, and also some results when we trained a decision tree to take a decision based on the outputs of the different labeling schemes. We have also tried to solve the problem of label inconsistency issue by attempting the naive approach of enforcing hard label-consistency by choosing the majority entity for a sequence of tokens, in the specific test document, as well as the whole test corpus, and managed to get reasonable gains. We also attempted soft label consistency in the following way. We use a portion of the training data to train a CRF to make predictions on the rest of the train data and on the test data. We then train a second CRF with the majority label predictions as additional input features.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "d2324527cd1b8e28fd63c8c20f57f4d4",
"text": "Learning phonetic categories is one of the first steps to learning a language, yet is hard to do using only distributional phonetic information. Semantics could potentially be useful, since words with different meanings have distinct phonetics, but it is unclear how many word meanings are known to infants learning phonetic categories. We show that attending to a weaker source of semantics, in the form of a distribution over topics in the current context, can lead to improvements in phonetic category learning. In our model, an extension of a previous model of joint word-form and phonetic category inference, the probability of word-forms is topic-dependent, enabling the model to find significantly better phonetic vowel categories and word-forms than a model with no semantic knowledge.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "f489708f15f3e5cdd15f669fb9979488",
"text": "Humans learn to play video games significantly faster than state-of-the-art reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms. Inspired by this, we introduce strategic object oriented reinforcement learning (SOORL) to learn simple dynamics model through automatic model selection and perform efficient planning with strategic exploration. We compare different exploration strategies in a model-based setting in which exact planning is impossible. Additionally, we test our approach on perhaps the hardest Atari game Pitfall! and achieve significantly improved exploration and performance over prior methods.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "748ae7abfd8b1dfb3e79c94c5adace9d",
"text": "Users routinely access cloud services through third-party apps on smartphones by giving apps login credentials (i.e., a username and password). Unfortunately, users have no assurance that their apps will properly handle this sensitive information. In this paper, we describe the design and implementation of ScreenPass, which significantly improves the security of passwords on touchscreen devices. ScreenPass secures passwords by ensuring that they are entered securely, and uses taint-tracking to monitor where apps send password data. The primary technical challenge addressed by ScreenPass is guaranteeing that trusted code is always aware of when a user is entering a password. ScreenPass provides this guarantee through two techniques. First, ScreenPass includes a trusted software keyboard that encourages users to specify their passwords' domains as they are entered (i.e., to tag their passwords). Second, ScreenPass performs optical character recognition (OCR) on a device's screenbuffer to ensure that passwords are entered only through the trusted software keyboard. We have evaluated ScreenPass through experiments with a prototype implementation, two in-situ user studies, and a small app study. Our prototype detected a wide range of dynamic and static keyboard-spoofing attacks and generated zero false positives. As long as a screen is off, not updated, or not tapped, our prototype consumes zero additional energy; in the worst case, when a highly interactive app rapidly updates the screen, our prototype under a typical configuration introduces only 12% energy overhead. Participants in our user studies tagged their passwords at a high rate and reported that tagging imposed no additional burden. Finally, a study of malicious and non-malicious apps running under ScreenPass revealed several cases of password mishandling.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "b5f7511566b902bc206228dc3214c211",
"text": "In the imitation learning paradigm algorithms learn from expert demonstrations in order to become able to accomplish a particular task. Daumé III et al. (2009) framed structured prediction in this paradigm and developed the search-based structured prediction algorithm (Searn) which has been applied successfully to various natural language processing tasks with state-of-the-art performance. Recently, Ross et al. (2011) proposed the dataset aggregation algorithm (DAgger) and compared it with Searn in sequential prediction tasks. In this paper, we compare these two algorithms in the context of a more complex structured prediction task, namely biomedical event extraction. We demonstrate that DAgger has more stable performance and faster learning than Searn, and that these advantages are more pronounced in the parameter-free versions of the algorithms.",
"title": ""
}
] | scidocsrr |
8beb7712d1d49745bf134ca4276f2787 | Overview: Generalizations of Multi-Agent Path Finding to Real-World Scenarios | [
{
"docid": "8bc1d9cd9a912a7c3a8e874ce09cae52",
"text": "Multi-Agent Path Finding (MAPF) is well studied in both AI and robotics. Given a discretized environment and agents with assigned start and goal locations, MAPF solvers from AI find collision-free paths for hundreds of agents with userprovided sub-optimality guarantees. However, they ignore that actual robots are subject to kinematic constraints (such as finite maximum velocity limits) and suffer from imperfect plan-execution capabilities. We therefore introduce MAPFPOST, a novel approach that makes use of a simple temporal network to postprocess the output of a MAPF solver in polynomial time to create a plan-execution schedule that can be executed on robots. This schedule works on non-holonomic robots, takes their maximum translational and rotational velocities into account, provides a guaranteed safety distance between them, and exploits slack to absorb imperfect plan executions and avoid time-intensive replanning in many cases. We evaluate MAPF-POST in simulation and on differentialdrive robots, showcasing the practicality of our approach.",
"title": ""
}
] | [
{
"docid": "b59a2c49364f3e95a2c030d800d5f9ce",
"text": "An algorithm with linear filters and morphological operations has been proposed for automatic fabric defect detection. The algorithm is applied off-line and real-time to denim fabric samples for five types of defects. All defect types have been detected successfully and the defective regions are labeled. The defective fabric samples are then classified by using feed forward neural network method. Both defect detection and classification application performances are evaluated statistically. Defect detection performance of real time and off-line applications are obtained as 88% and 83% respectively. The defective images are classified with an average accuracy rate of 96.3%.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "fbcaba091a407d2bd831d3520577cf27",
"text": "Studying a software project by mining data from a single repository has been a very active research field in software engineering during the last years. However, few efforts have been devoted to perform studies by integrating data from various repositories, with different kinds of information, which would, for instance, track the different activities of developers. One of the main problems of these multi-repository studies is the different identities that developers use when they interact with different tools in different contexts. This makes them appear as different entities when data is mined from different repositories (and in some cases, even from a single one). In this paper we propose an approach, based on the application of heuristics, to identify the many identities of developers in such cases, and a data structure for allowing both the anonymized distribution of information, and the tracking of identities for verification purposes. The methodology will be presented in general, and applied to the GNOME project as a case example. Privacy issues and partial merging with new data sources will also be considered and discussed.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "cbe1b2575db111cd3b22b7288c0e345c",
"text": "A reversible gate has the equal number of inputs and outputs and one-to-one mappings between input vectors and output vectors; so that, the input vector states can be always uniquely reconstructed from the output vector states. This correspondence introduces a reversible full-adder circuit that requires only three reversible gates and produces least number of \"garbage outputs \", that is two. After that, a theorem has been proposed that proves the optimality of the propounded circuit in terms of number of garbage outputs. An efficient algorithm is also introduced in this paper that leads to construct a reversible circuit.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "8d3a5a9327ab93fef50712e931d0e06b",
"text": "Cite this article Romager JA, Hughes K, Trimble JE. Personality traits as predictors of leadership style preferences: Investigating the relationship between social dominance orientation and attitudes towards authentic leaders. Soc Behav Res Pract Open J. 2017; 3(1): 1-9. doi: 10.17140/SBRPOJ-3-110 Personality Traits as Predictors of Leadership Style Preferences: Investigating the Relationship Between Social Dominance Orientation and Attitudes Towards Authentic Leaders Original Research",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "6655b03c0fcc83a71a3119d7e526eedc",
"text": "Dynamic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans can be accelerated by utilizing compressed sensing (CS) reconstruction methods that allow for diagnostic quality images to be generated from undersampled data. Unfortunately, CS reconstruction is time-consuming, requiring hours between a dynamic MRI scan and image availability for diagnosis. In this work, we train a convolutional neural network (CNN) to perform fast reconstruction of severely undersampled dynamic cardiac MRI data, and we explore the utility of CNNs for further accelerating dynamic MRI scan times. Compared to state-of-the-art CS reconstruction techniques, our CNN achieves reconstruction speeds that are 150x faster without significant loss of image quality. Additionally, preliminary results suggest that CNNs may allow scan times that are 2x faster than those allowed by CS.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "a433f47a3c7c06a409a8fc0d98e955be",
"text": "The local-dimming backlight has recently been presented for use in LCD TVs. However, the image resolution is low, particularly at weak edges. In this work, a local-dimming backlight is developed to improve the image contrast and reduce power dissipation. The algorithm enhances low-level edge information to improve the perceived image resolution. Based on the algorithm, a 42-in backlight module with white light-emitting diode (LED) devices was driven by a local dimming control core. The block-wise register approach substantially reduced the number of required line-buffers and shortened the latency time. The measurements made in the laboratory indicate that the backlight system reduces power dissipation by an average of 48% and exhibits no visible distortion compared relative to the fixed backlighting system. The system was successfully demonstrated in a 42-in LCD TV, and the contrast ratio was greatly improved by a factor of 100.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "e6bbe7de06295817435acafbbb7470cc",
"text": "Cortical circuits work through the generation of coordinated, large-scale activity patterns. In sensory systems, the onset of a discrete stimulus usually evokes a temporally organized packet of population activity lasting ∼50–200 ms. The structure of these packets is partially stereotypical, and variation in the exact timing and number of spikes within a packet conveys information about the identity of the stimulus. Similar packets also occur during ongoing stimuli and spontaneously. We suggest that such packets constitute the basic building blocks of cortical coding.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "e6291818253de22ee675f67eed8213d9",
"text": "This literature review focuses on aesthetics of interaction design with further goal of outlining a study towards prediction model of aesthetic value. The review covers three main issues, tightly related to aesthetics of interaction design: evaluation of aesthetics, relations between aesthetics and interaction qualities and implementation of aesthetics in interaction design. Analysis of previous models is carried out according to definition of interaction aesthetics: holistic approach to aesthetic perception considering its' action- and appearance-related components. As a result the empirical study is proposed for investigating the relations between attributes of interaction and users' aesthetic experience.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "7579b5cb9f18e3dc296bcddc7831abc5",
"text": "Unlike conventional anomaly detection research that focuses on point anomalies, our goal is to detect anomalous collections of individual data points. In particular, we perform group anomaly detection (GAD) with an emphasis on irregular group distributions (e.g. irregular mixtures of image pixels). GAD is an important task in detecting unusual and anomalous phenomena in real-world applications such as high energy particle physics, social media and medical imaging. In this paper, we take a generative approach by proposing deep generative models: Adversarial autoencoder (AAE) and variational autoencoder (VAE) for group anomaly detection. Both AAE and VAE detect group anomalies using point-wise input data where group memberships are known a priori. We conduct extensive experiments to evaluate our models on real world datasets. The empirical results demonstrate that our approach is effective and robust in detecting group anomalies.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "860d39ff0ddd80caaf712e84a82f4d86",
"text": "Steganography and steganalysis received a great deal of attention from media and law enforcement. Many powerful and robust methods of steganography and steganalysis have been developed. In this paper we are considering the methods of steganalysis that are to be used for this processes. Paper giving some idea about the steganalysis and its method. Keywords— Include at least 5 keywords or phrases",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "1465b6c38296dfc46f8725dca5179cf1",
"text": "A brief introduction is given to the actual mechanics of simulated annealing, and a simple example from an IC layout is used to illustrate how these ideas can be applied. The complexities and tradeoffs involved in attacking a realistically complex design problem are illustrated by dissecting two very different annealing algorithms for VLSI chip floorplanning. Several current research problems aimed at determining more precisely how and why annealing algorithms work are examined. Some philosophical issues raised by the introduction of annealing are discussed.<<ETX>>",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "f8c1654abd0ffced4b5dbf3ef0724d36",
"text": "The proposed social media crisis mapping platform for natural disasters uses locations from gazetteer, street map, and volunteered geographic information (VGI) sources for areas at risk of disaster and matches them to geoparsed real-time tweet data streams. The authors use statistical analysis to generate real-time crisis maps. Geoparsing results are benchmarked against existing published work and evaluated across multilingual datasets. Two case studies compare five-day tweet crisis maps to official post-event impact assessment from the US National Geospatial Agency (NGA), compiled from verified satellite and aerial imagery sources.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "1dee6d60a94e434dd6d3b6754e9cd3f3",
"text": "The barrier function of the intestine is essential for maintaining the normal homeostasis of the gut and mucosal immune system. Abnormalities in intestinal barrier function expressed by increased intestinal permeability have long been observed in various gastrointestinal disorders such as Crohn's disease (CD), ulcerative colitis (UC), celiac disease, and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Imbalance of metabolizing junction proteins and mucosal inflammation contributes to intestinal hyperpermeability. Emerging studies exploring in vitro and in vivo model system demonstrate that Rho-associated coiled-coil containing protein kinase- (ROCK-) and myosin light chain kinase- (MLCK-) mediated pathways are involved in the regulation of intestinal permeability. With this perspective, we aim to summarize the current state of knowledge regarding the role of inflammation and ROCK-/MLCK-mediated pathways leading to intestinal hyperpermeability in gastrointestinal disorders. In the near future, it may be possible to specifically target these specific pathways to develop novel therapies for gastrointestinal disorders associated with increased gut permeability.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "e91dd3f9e832de48a27048a0efa1b67a",
"text": "Smart Home technology is the future of residential related technology which is designed to deliver and distribute number of services inside and outside the house via networked devices in which all the different applications & the intelligence behind them are integrated and interconnected. These smart devices have the potential to share information with each other given the permanent availability to access the broadband internet connection. Hence, Smart Home Technology has become part of IoT (Internet of Things). In this work, a home model is analyzed to demonstrate an energy efficient IoT based smart home. Several Multiphysics simulations were carried out focusing on the kitchen of the home model. A motion sensor with a surveillance camera was used as part of the home security system. Coupled with the home light and HVAC control systems, the smart system can remotely control the lighting and heating or cooling when an occupant enters or leaves the kitchen.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "76e01466b9d7d4cbea714ce29f13759a",
"text": "In this survey we review the image processing literature on the various approaches and models investigators have used for texture. These include statistical approaches of autocorrelation function, optical transforms, digital transforms, textural edgeness, structural element, gray tone cooccurrence, run lengths, and autoregressive models. We discuss and generalize some structural approaches to texture based on more complex primitives than gray tone. We conclude with some structural-statistical generalizations which apply the statistical techniques to the structural primitives.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "429b6eedecef4d769b3341aca7de85ef",
"text": "Correspondence Lars Ruthotto, Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Emory University, 400 Dowman Dr, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA. Email: lruthotto@emory.edu Summary Image registration is a central problem in a variety of areas involving imaging techniques and is known to be challenging and ill-posed. Regularization functionals based on hyperelasticity provide a powerful mechanism for limiting the ill-posedness. A key feature of hyperelastic image registration approaches is their ability to model large deformations while guaranteeing their invertibility, which is crucial in many applications. To ensure that numerical solutions satisfy this requirement, we discretize the variational problem using piecewise linear finite elements, and then solve the discrete optimization problem using the Gauss–Newton method. In this work, we focus on computational challenges arising in approximately solving the Hessian system. We show that the Hessian is a discretization of a strongly coupled system of partial differential equations whose coefficients can be severely inhomogeneous. Motivated by a local Fourier analysis, we stabilize the system by thresholding the coefficients. We propose a Galerkin-multigrid scheme with a collective pointwise smoother. We demonstrate the accuracy and effectiveness of the proposed scheme, first on a two-dimensional problem of a moderate size and then on a large-scale real-world application with almost 9 million degrees of freedom.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "c734c98b1ca8261694386c537870c2f3",
"text": "Uncontrolled wind turbine configuration, such as stall-regulation captures, energy relative to the amount of wind speed. This configuration requires constant turbine speed because the generator that is being directly coupled is also connected to a fixed-frequency utility grid. In extremely strong wind conditions, only a fraction of available energy is captured. Plants designed with such a configuration are economically unfeasible to run in these circumstances. Thus, wind turbines operating at variable speed are better alternatives. This paper focuses on a controller design methodology applied to a variable-speed, horizontal axis wind turbine. A simple but rigid wind turbine model was used and linearised to some operating points to meet the desired objectives. By using blade pitch control, the deviation of the actual rotor speed from a reference value is minimised. The performances of PI and PID controllers were compared relative to a step wind disturbance. Results show comparative responses between these two controllers. The paper also concludes that with the present methodology, despite the erratic wind data, the wind turbine still manages to operate most of the time at 88% in the stable region.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "53b38576a378b7680a69bba1ebe971ba",
"text": "The detection of symmetry axes through the optimization of a given symmetry measure, computed as a function of the mean-square error between the original and reflected images, is investigated in this paper. A genetic algorithm and an optimization scheme derived from the self-organizing maps theory are presented. The notion of symmetry map is then introduced. This transform allows us to map an object into a symmetry space where its symmetry properties can be analyzed. The locations of the different axes that globally and locally maximize the symmetry value can be obtained. The input data are assumed to be vector-valued, which allow to focus on either shape. color or texture information. Finally, the application to skin cancer diagnosis is illustrated and discussed.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "bb4a83a48d1943cc8205510dc2a750a8",
"text": "Whenever a document containing sensitive information needs to be made public, privacy-preserving measures should be implemented. Document sanitization aims at detecting sensitive pieces of information in text, which are removed or hidden prior publication. Even though methods detecting sensitive structured information like e-mails, dates or social security numbers, or domain specific data like disease names have been developed, the sanitization of raw textual data has been scarcely addressed. In this paper, we present a general-purpose method to automatically detect sensitive information from textual documents in a domain-independent way. Relying on the Information Theory and a corpus as large as the Web, it assess the degree of sensitiveness of terms according to the amount of information they provide. Preliminary results show that our method significantly improves the detection recall in comparison with approaches based on trained classifiers.",
"title": ""
}
] | scidocsrr |
0d6b58df08c2956b073151fe580781ed | Low-Rank Modeling and Its Applications in Image Analysis | [
{
"docid": "783d7251658f9077e05a7b1b9bd60835",
"text": "A method is presented for the representation of (pictures of) faces. Within a specified framework the representation is ideal. This results in the characterization of a face, to within an error bound, by a relatively low-dimensional vector. The method is illustrated in detail by the use of an ensemble of pictures taken for this purpose.",
"title": ""
}
] | [
{
"docid": "ee5729a9ec24fbb951076a43d4945e8e",
"text": "Enhancing the performance of emotional speaker recognition process has witnessed an increasing interest in the last years. This paper highlights a methodology for speaker recognition under different emotional states based on the multiclass Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier. We compare two feature extraction methods which are used to represent emotional speech utterances in order to obtain best accuracies. The first method known as traditional Mel-Frequency Cepstral Coefficients (MFCC) and the second one is MFCC combined with Shifted-Delta-Cepstra (MFCC-SDC). Experimentations are conducted on IEMOCAP database using two multiclass SVM approaches: One-Against-One (OAO) and One Against-All (OAA). Obtained results show that MFCC-SDC features outperform the conventional MFCC. Keywords—Emotion; Speaker recognition; Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficients (MFCC); Shifted-Delta-Cepstral (SDC); SVM",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "f5a8d2d7ea71fa5444cc1594dc0cf5ab",
"text": "Radar sensors operating in the 76–81 GHz range are considered key for Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) like adaptive cruise control (ACC), collision mitigation and avoidance systems (CMS) or lane change assist (LCA). These applications are the next wave in automotive safety systems and have thus generated increased interest in lower-cost solutions especially for the mm-wave front-end (FE) section. Today, most of the radar sensors in this frequency range use GaAs based FEs. These multi-chip GaAs FEs are a main cost driver in current radar sensors due to their low integration level. The step towards monolithic microwave integrated circuits (MMIC) based on a 200 GHz ft silicon-germanium (SiGe) technology integrating all needed RF building blocks (mixers, VCOs, dividers, buffers, PAs) on an single die does not only lead to cost reductions but also benefits the testability of these MMICs. This is especially important in the light of upcoming functional safety standards like ASIL-D and ISO26262.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "fd1e327327068a1373e35270ef257c59",
"text": "We consider the problem of building high-level, class-specific feature detectors from only unlabeled data. For example, is it possible to learn a face detector using only unlabeled images? To answer this, we train a deep sparse autoencoder on a large dataset of images (the model has 1 billion connections, the dataset has 10 million 200×200 pixel images downloaded from the Internet). We train this network using model parallelism and asynchronous SGD on a cluster with 1,000 machines (16,000 cores) for three days. Contrary to what appears to be a widely-held intuition, our experimental results reveal that it is possible to train a face detector without having to label images as containing a face or not. Control experiments show that this feature detector is robust not only to translation but also to scaling and out-of-plane rotation. We also find that the same network is sensitive to other high-level concepts such as cat faces and human bodies. Starting from these learned features, we trained our network to recognize 22,000 object categories from ImageNet and achieve a leap of 70% relative improvement over the previous state-of-the-art.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "38a74fff83d3784c892230255943ee23",
"text": "Several researchers, present authors included, envision personal mobile robot agents that can assist humans in their daily tasks. Despite many advances in robotics, such mobile robot agents still face many limitations in their perception, cognition, and action capabilities. In this work, we propose a symbiotic interaction between robot agents and humans to overcome the robot limitations while allowing robots to also help humans. We introduce a visitor’s companion robot agent, as a natural task for such symbiotic interaction. The visitor lacks knowledge of the environment but can easily open a door or read a door label, while the mobile robot with no arms cannot open a door and may be confused about its exact location, but can plan paths well through the building and can provide useful relevant information to the visitor. We present this visitor companion task in detail with an enumeration and formalization of the actions of the robot agent in its interaction with the human. We briefly describe the wifi-based robot localization algorithm and show results of the different levels of human help to the robot during its navigation. We then test the value of robot help to the visitor during the task to understand the relationship tradeoffs. Our work has been fully implemented in a mobile robot agent, CoBot, which has successfully navigated for several hours and continues to navigate in our indoor environment.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "f366e1378b86e7fbed2252754502cf59",
"text": "Multilabel learning deals with data associated with multiple labels simultaneously. Like other data mining and machine learning tasks, multilabel learning also suffers from the curse of dimensionality. Dimensionality reduction has been studied for many years, however, multilabel dimensionality reduction remains almost untouched. In this article, we propose a multilabel dimensionality reduction method, MDDM, with two kinds of projection strategies, attempting to project the original data into a lower-dimensional feature space maximizing the dependence between the original feature description and the associated class labels. Based on the Hilbert-Schmidt Independence Criterion, we derive a eigen-decomposition problem which enables the dimensionality reduction process to be efficient. Experiments validate the performance of MDDM.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "37936de50a1d3fa8612a465b6644c282",
"text": "Nature uses a limited, conservative set of amino acids to synthesize proteins. The ability to genetically encode an expanded set of building blocks with new chemical and physical properties is transforming the study, manipulation and evolution of proteins, and is enabling diverse applications, including approaches to probe, image and control protein function, and to precisely engineer therapeutics. Underpinning this transformation are strategies to engineer and rewire translation. Emerging strategies aim to reprogram the genetic code so that noncanonical biopolymers can be synthesized and evolved, and to test the limits of our ability to engineer the translational machinery and systematically recode genomes.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "714b5db0d1f146c5dde6e4c01de59be9",
"text": "Coilgun electromagnetic launchers have capability for low and high speed applications. Through the development of four guns having projectiles ranging from 10 g to 5 kg and speeds up to 1 km/s, Sandia National Laboratories has succeeded in coilgun design and operations, validating the computational codes and basis for gun system control. Coilguns developed at Sandia consist of many coils stacked end-to-end forming a barrel, with each coil energized in sequence to create a traveling magnetic wave that accelerates a projectile. Active tracking of the projectile location during launch provides precise feedback to control when the coils arc triggered to create this wave. However, optimum performance depends also on selection of coil parameters. This paper discusses issues related to coilgun design and control such as tradeoffs in geometry and circuit parameters to achieve the necessary current risetime to establish the energy in the coils. The impact of switch jitter on gun performance is also assessed for high-speed applications.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "81672984e2d94d7a06ffe930136647a3",
"text": "Social network sites provide the opportunity for bu ilding and maintaining online social network groups around a specific interest. Despite the increasing use of social networks in higher education, little previous research has studied their impacts on stud en ’s engagement and on their perceived educational outcomes. This research investigates the impact of instructors’ self-disclosure and use of humor via course-based social networks as well as their credi bility, and the moderating impact of time spent in hese course-based social networks, on the students’ enga g ment in course-based social networks. The researc h provides a theoretical viewpoint, supported by empi rical evidence, on the impact of students’ engageme nt in course-based social networks on their perceived educational outcomes. The findings suggest that instructors who create course-based online social n etworks to communicate with their students can increase their engagement, motivation, and satisfac on. We conclude the paper by suggesting the theoretical implications for the study and by provi ding strategies for instructors to adjust their act ivities in order to succeed in improving their students’ engag ement and educational outcomes.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "9889cb9ae08cd177e6fa55c3ae7b8831",
"text": "Design and developmental procedure of strip-line based 1.5 MW, 30-96 MHz, ultra-wideband high power 3 dB hybrid coupler has been presented and its applicability in ion cyclotron resonance heating (ICRH) in tokamak is discussed. For the high power handling capability, spacing between conductors and ground need to very high. Hence other structural parameters like strip-width, strip thickness coupling gap, and junction also become large which can be gone upto optimum limit where various constrains like fabrication tolerance, discontinuities, and excitation of higher TE and TM modes become prominent and significantly deteriorates the desired parameters of the coupled lines system. In designed hybrid coupler, two 8.34 dB coupled lines are connected in tandem to get desired coupling of 3 dB and air is used as dielectric. The spacing between ground and conductors are taken as 0.164 m for 1.5 MW power handling capability. To have the desired spacing, each of 8.34 dB segments are designed with inner dimension of 3.6 × 1.0 × 40 cm where constraints have been significantly realized, compensated, and applied in designing of 1.5 MW hybrid coupler and presented in paper.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "ce0ba4696c26732ac72b346f72af7456",
"text": "OBJECTIVE\nThe purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between two forms of helping behavior among older adults--informal caregiving and formal volunteer activity.\n\n\nMETHODS\nTo evaluate our hypotheses, we employed Tobit regression models to analyze panel data from the first two waves of the Americans' Changing Lives survey.\n\n\nRESULTS\nWe found that older adult caregivers were more likely to be volunteers than noncaregivers. Caregivers who provided a relatively high number of caregiving hours annually reported a greater number of volunteer hours than did noncaregivers. Caregivers who provided care to nonrelatives were more likely than noncaregivers to be a volunteer and to volunteer more hours. Finally, caregivers were more likely than noncaregivers to be asked to volunteer.\n\n\nDISCUSSION\nOur results provide support for the hypothesis that caregivers are embedded in networks that provide them with more opportunities for volunteering. Additional research on the motivations for volunteering and greater attention to the context and hierarchy of caregiving and volunteering are needed.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "e3c0073428eb554c1341b5ba3af3918a",
"text": "Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) has been introduced as a conceptual framework for the knowledge base teachers need to effectively teach with technology. The framework stems from the notion that technology integration in a specific educational context benefits from a careful alignment of content, pedagogy and the potential of technology, and that teachers who want to integrate technology in their teaching practice therefore need to be competent in all three domains. This study is a systematic literature review about TPACK of 55 peer-reviewed journal articles (and one book chapter), published between 2005 and 2011. The purpose of the review was to investigate the theoretical basis and the practical use of TPACK. Findings showed different understandings of TPACK and of technological knowledge. Implications of these different views impacted the way TPACK was measured. Notions about TPACK in subject domains were hardly found in the studies selected for this review. Teacher knowledge (TPACK) and beliefs about pedagogy and technology are intertwined. Both determine whether a teacher decides to teach with technology. Active involvement in (re)design and enactment of technology-enhanced lessons was found as a promising strategy for the development of TPACK in (student-)teachers. Future directions for research are discussed.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "aca8b1efb729bdc45f5363cb663dba74",
"text": "Along with the burst of open source projects, software theft (or plagiarism) has become a very serious threat to the healthiness of software industry. Software birthmark, which represents the unique characteristics of a program, can be used for software theft detection. We propose a system call dependence graph based software birthmark called SCDG birthmark, and examine how well it reflects unique behavioral characteristics of a program. To our knowledge, our detection system based on SCDG birthmark is the first one that is capable of detecting software component theft where only partial code is stolen. We demonstrate the strength of our birthmark against various evasion techniques, including those based on different compilers and different compiler optimization levels as well as two state-of-the-art obfuscation tools. Unlike the existing work that were evaluated through small or toy software, we also evaluate our birthmark on a set of large software. Our results show that SCDG birthmark is very practical and effective in detecting software theft that even adopts advanced evasion techniques.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "c9c4ed4a7e8e6ef8ca2bcf146001d2e5",
"text": "Microblogging services such as Twitter are said to have the potential for increasing political participation. Given the feature of 'retweeting' as a simple yet powerful mechanism for information diffusion, Twitter is an ideal platform for users to spread not only information in general but also political opinions through their networks as Twitter may also be used to publicly agree with, as well as to reinforce, someone's political opinions or thoughts. Besides their content and intended use, Twitter messages ('tweets') also often convey pertinent information about their author's sentiment. In this paper, we seek to examine whether sentiment occurring in politically relevant tweets has an effect on their retweetability (i.e., how often these tweets will be retweeted). Based on a data set of 64,431 political tweets, we find a positive relationship between the quantity of words indicating affective dimensions, including positive and negative emotions associated with certain political parties or politicians, in a tweet and its retweet rate. Furthermore, we investigate how political discussions take place in the Twitter network during periods of political elections with a focus on the most active and most influential users. Finally, we conclude by discussing the implications of our results.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "5df3346cb96403ee932428d159ad342e",
"text": "Nearly 40% of mortality in the United States is linked to social and behavioral factors such as smoking, diet and sedentary lifestyle. Autonomous self-regulation of health-related behaviors is thus an important aspect of human behavior to assess. In 1997, the Behavior Change Consortium (BCC) was formed. Within the BCC, seven health behaviors, 18 theoretical models, five intervention settings and 26 mediating variables were studied across diverse populations. One of the measures included across settings and health behaviors was the Treatment Self-Regulation Questionnaire (TSRQ). The purpose of the present study was to examine the validity of the TSRQ across settings and health behaviors (tobacco, diet and exercise). The TSRQ is composed of subscales assessing different forms of motivation: amotivation, external, introjection, identification and integration. Data were obtained from four different sites and a total of 2731 participants completed the TSRQ. Invariance analyses support the validity of the TSRQ across all four sites and all three health behaviors. Overall, the internal consistency of each subscale was acceptable (most alpha values >0.73). The present study provides further evidence of the validity of the TSRQ and its usefulness as an assessment tool across various settings and for different health behaviors.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "26d7cf1e760e9e443f33ebd3554315b6",
"text": "The arrival of a multinational corporation often looks like a death sentence to local companies in an emerging market. After all, how can they compete in the face of the vast financial and technological resources, the seasoned management, and the powerful brands of, say, a Compaq or a Johnson & Johnson? But local companies often have more options than they might think, say the authors. Those options vary, depending on the strength of globalization pressures in an industry and the nature of a company's competitive assets. In the worst case, when globalization pressures are strong and a company has no competitive assets that it can transfer to other countries, it needs to retreat to a locally oriented link within the value chain. But if globalization pressures are weak, the company may be able to defend its market share by leveraging the advantages it enjoys in its home market. Many companies in emerging markets have assets that can work well in other countries. Those that operate in industries where the pressures to globalize are weak may be able to extend their success to a limited number of other markets that are similar to their home base. And those operating in global markets may be able to contend head-on with multinational rivals. By better understanding the relationship between their company's assets and the industry they operate in, executives from emerging markets can gain a clearer picture of the options they really have when multinationals come to stay.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "adaab9f6e0355af12f4058a350076f87",
"text": "Recently, the fusion of hyperspectral and light detection and ranging (LiDAR) data has obtained a great attention in the remote sensing community. In this paper, we propose a new feature fusion framework using deep neural network (DNN). The proposed framework employs a novel 3D convolutional neural network (CNN) to extract the spectral-spatial features of hyperspectral data, a deep 2D CNN to extract the elevation features of LiDAR data, and then a fully connected deep neural network to fuse the extracted features in the previous CNNs. Through the aforementioned three deep networks, one can extract the discriminant and invariant features of hyperspectral and LiDAR data. At last, logistic regression is used to produce the final classification results. The experimental results reveal that the proposed deep fusion model provides competitive results. Furthermore, the proposed deep fusion idea opens a new window for future research.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "b83eb2f78c4b48cf9b1ca07872d6ea1a",
"text": "Network Function Virtualization (NFV) is emerging as one of the most innovative concepts in the networking landscape. By migrating network functions from dedicated mid-dleboxes to general purpose computing platforms, NFV can effectively reduce the cost to deploy and to operate large networks. However, in order to achieve its full potential, NFV needs to encompass also the radio access network allowing Mobile Virtual Network Operators to deploy custom resource allocation solutions within their virtual radio nodes. Such requirement raises several challenges in terms of performance isolation and resource provisioning. In this work we formalize the Virtual Network Function (VNF) placement problem for radio access networks as an integer linear programming problem and we propose a VNF placement heuristic. Moreover, we also present a proof-of-concept implementation of an NFV management and orchestration framework for Enterprise WLANs. The proposed architecture builds upon a programmable network fabric where pure forwarding nodes are mixed with radio and packet processing nodes leveraging on general computing platforms.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "078ba976d84d15da757f3f5e165927d9",
"text": "Evolutionary algorithms often have to solve optimization problems in the presence of a wide range of uncertainties. Generally, uncertainties in evolutionary computation can be divided into the following four categories. First, the fitness function is noisy. Second, the design variables and/or the environmental parameters may change after optimization, and the quality of the obtained optimal solution should be robust against environmental changes or deviations from the optimal point. Third, the fitness function is approximated, which means that the fitness function suffers from approximation errors. Fourth, the optimum of the problem to be solved changes over time and, thus, the optimizer should be able to track the optimum continuously. In all these cases, additional measures must be taken so that evolutionary algorithms are still able to work satisfactorily. This paper attempts to provide a comprehensive overview of the related work within a unified framework, which has been scattered in a variety of research areas. Existing approaches to addressing different uncertainties are presented and discussed, and the relationship between the different categories of uncertainties are investigated. Finally, topics for future research are suggested.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "c4094c8b273d6332f36b6f452886de6a",
"text": "This paper presents original research on prevalence, user characteristics and effect profile of N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT), a potent hallucinogenic which acts primarily through the serotonergic system. Data were obtained from the Global Drug Survey (an anonymous online survey of people, many of whom have used drugs) conducted between November and December 2012 with 22,289 responses. Lifetime prevalence of DMT use was 8.9% (n=1980) and past year prevalence use was 5.0% (n=1123). We explored the effect profile of DMT in 472 participants who identified DMT as the last new drug they had tried for the first time and compared it with ratings provided by other respondents on psilocybin (magic mushrooms), LSD and ketamine. DMT was most often smoked and offered a strong, intense, short-lived psychedelic high with relatively few negative effects or \"come down\". It had a larger proportion of new users compared with the other substances (24%), suggesting its popularity may increase. Overall, DMT seems to have a very desirable effect profile indicating a high abuse liability that maybe offset by a low urge to use more.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "4b5b09ee38c87fdf7031f90530460d81",
"text": "With the increasing adoption of Web Services and service-oriented computing paradigm, matchmaking of web services with the request has become a significant task. This warrants the need to establish an effective and reliable Web Service discovery. Here reducing the service discovery time and increasing the quality of discovery are key issues. This paper proposes a new semantic Web Service discovery scheme where the similarity between the query and service is decided using the WSDL specification and ontology, and the improved Hungarian algorithm is applied to quickly find the maximum match. The proposed approach utilizes the structure of datatype and operation, and natural language description used for information retrieval. Computer simulation reveals that the proposed scheme substantially increases the quality of service discovery compared to the existing schemes in terms of precision, recall rate, and F-measure. Moreover, the proposed scheme allows consistently smaller discovery time, while the improvement gets more significant as the number of compared parameters increases.",
"title": ""
}
] | scidocsrr |
162ce68b88ea90b547036e7048071c4f | A DAPTIVE PREDICTION TIME FOR SEQUENCE CLASSIFICATION | [
{
"docid": "8306c40722bb956253c6e7cf112836d7",
"text": "Recurrent Neural Networks are showing much promise in many sub-areas of natural language processing, ranging from document classification to machine translation to automatic question answering. Despite their promise, many recurrent models have to read the whole text word by word, making it slow to handle long documents. For example, it is difficult to use a recurrent network to read a book and answer questions about it. In this paper, we present an approach of reading text while skipping irrelevant information if needed. The underlying model is a recurrent network that learns how far to jump after reading a few words of the input text. We employ a standard policy gradient method to train the model to make discrete jumping decisions. In our benchmarks on four different tasks, including number prediction, sentiment analysis, news article classification and automatic Q&A, our proposed model, a modified LSTM with jumping, is up to 6 times faster than the standard sequential LSTM, while maintaining the same or even better accuracy.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "75b64f9106b2c334c572bc3180d93aef",
"text": "This paper proposes a deep learning architecture based on Residual Network that dynamically adjusts the number of executed layers for the regions of the image. This architecture is end-to-end trainable, deterministic and problem-agnostic. It is therefore applicable without any modifications to a wide range of computer vision problems such as image classification, object detection and image segmentation. We present experimental results showing that this model improves the computational efficiency of Residual Networks on the challenging ImageNet classification and COCO object detection datasets. Additionally, we evaluate the computation time maps on the visual saliency dataset cat2000 and find that they correlate surprisingly well with human eye fixation positions.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "2db49e1c2020875f2453d4b614fd2116",
"text": "Text Categorization (TC), also known as Text Classification, is the task of automatically classifying a set of text documents into different categories from a predefined set. If a document belongs to exactly one of the categories, it is a single-label classification task; otherwise, it is a multi-label classification task. TC uses several tools from Information Retrieval (IR) and Machine Learning (ML) and has received much attention in the last years from both researchers in the academia and industry developers. In this paper, we first categorize the documents using KNN based machine learning approach and then return the most relevant documents.",
"title": ""
}
] | [
{
"docid": "6533ee7e13ab293f33f1747adff92fe5",
"text": "The stochastic approximation method is behind the solution to many important, actively-studied problems in machine learning. Despite its farreaching application, there is almost no work on applying stochastic approximation to learning problems with general constraints. The reason for this, we hypothesize, is that no robust, widely-applicable stochastic approximation method exists for handling such problems. We propose that interior-point methods are a natural solution. We establish the stability of a stochastic interior-point approximation method both analytically and empirically, and demonstrate its utility by deriving an on-line learning algorithm that also performs feature selection via L1 regularization.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "94013936968a4864167ed4e764398deb",
"text": "A prime requirement for autonomous driving is a fast and reliable estimation of the motion state of dynamic objects in the ego-vehicle's surroundings. An instantaneous approach for extended objects based on two Doppler radar sensors has recently been proposed. In this paper, that approach is augmented by prior knowledge of the object's heading angle and rotation center. These properties can be determined reliably by state-of-the-art methods based on sensors such as LIDAR or cameras. The information fusion is performed utilizing an appropriate measurement model, which directly maps the motion state in the Doppler velocity space. This model integrates the geometric properties. It is used to estimate the object's motion state using a linear regression. Additionally, the model allows a straightforward calculation of the corresponding variances. The resulting method shows a promising accuracy increase of up to eight times greater than the original approach.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "5f8b0a15477bf0ee5787269a578988c6",
"text": "Suppose your netmail is being erratically censored by Captain Yossarian. Whenever you send a message, he censors each bit of the message with probability 1/2, replacing each censored bit by some reserved character. Well versed in such concepts as redundancy, this is no real problem to you. The question is, can it actually be turned around and used to your advantage? We answer this question strongly in the affirmative. We show that this protocol, more commonly known as oblivious transfer, can be used to simulate a more sophisticated protocol, known as oblivious circuit evaluation([Y]). We also show that with such a communication channel, one can have completely noninteractive zero-knowledge proofs of statements in NP. These results do not use any complexity-theoretic assumptions. We can show that they have applications to a variety of models in which oblivious transfer can be done.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "328a3e05fac7d118a99afd6197dac918",
"text": "Neural networks have recently had a lot of success for many tasks. However, neural network architectures that perform well are still typically designed manually by experts in a cumbersome trial-and-error process. We propose a new method to automatically search for well-performing CNN architectures based on a simple hill climbing procedure whose operators apply network morphisms, followed by short optimization runs by cosine annealing. Surprisingly, this simple method yields competitive results, despite only requiring resources in the same order of magnitude as training a single network. E.g., on CIFAR-10, our method designs and trains networks with an error rate below 6% in only 12 hours on a single GPU; training for one day reduces this error further, to almost 5%.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "f59fd6af9dea570b49c453de02297f4c",
"text": "OBJECTIVES\nThe role of social media as a source of timely and massive information has become more apparent since the era of Web 2.0.Multiple studies illustrated the use of information in social media to discover biomedical and health-related knowledge.Most methods proposed in the literature employ traditional document classification techniques that represent a document as a bag of words.These techniques work well when documents are rich in text and conform to standard English; however, they are not optimal for social media data where sparsity and noise are norms.This paper aims to address the limitations posed by the traditional bag-of-word based methods and propose to use heterogeneous features in combination with ensemble machine learning techniques to discover health-related information, which could prove to be useful to multiple biomedical applications, especially those needing to discover health-related knowledge in large scale social media data.Furthermore, the proposed methodology could be generalized to discover different types of information in various kinds of textual data.\n\n\nMETHODOLOGY\nSocial media data is characterized by an abundance of short social-oriented messages that do not conform to standard languages, both grammatically and syntactically.The problem of discovering health-related knowledge in social media data streams is then transformed into a text classification problem, where a text is identified as positive if it is health-related and negative otherwise.We first identify the limitations of the traditional methods which train machines with N-gram word features, then propose to overcome such limitations by utilizing the collaboration of machine learning based classifiers, each of which is trained to learn a semantically different aspect of the data.The parameter analysis for tuning each classifier is also reported.\n\n\nDATA SETS\nThree data sets are used in this research.The first data set comprises of approximately 5000 hand-labeled tweets, and is used for cross validation of the classification models in the small scale experiment, and for training the classifiers in the real-world large scale experiment.The second data set is a random sample of real-world Twitter data in the US.The third data set is a random sample of real-world Facebook Timeline posts.\n\n\nEVALUATIONS\nTwo sets of evaluations are conducted to investigate the proposed model's ability to discover health-related information in the social media domain: small scale and large scale evaluations.The small scale evaluation employs 10-fold cross validation on the labeled data, and aims to tune parameters of the proposed models, and to compare with the stage-of-the-art method.The large scale evaluation tests the trained classification models on the native, real-world data sets, and is needed to verify the ability of the proposed model to handle the massive heterogeneity in real-world social media.\n\n\nFINDINGS\nThe small scale experiment reveals that the proposed method is able to mitigate the limitations in the well established techniques existing in the literature, resulting in performance improvement of 18.61% (F-measure).The large scale experiment further reveals that the baseline fails to perform well on larger data with higher degrees of heterogeneity, while the proposed method is able to yield reasonably good performance and outperform the baseline by 46.62% (F-Measure) on average.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "5c26713d33001fc91ce19f551adac492",
"text": "Recurrent neural network language models (RNNLMs) have recently become increasingly popular for many applications i ncluding speech recognition. In previous research RNNLMs have normally been trained on well-matched in-domain data. The adaptation of RNNLMs remains an open research area to be explored. In this paper, genre and topic based RNNLM adaptation techniques are investigated for a multi-genre broad cast transcription task. A number of techniques including Proba bilistic Latent Semantic Analysis, Latent Dirichlet Alloc ation and Hierarchical Dirichlet Processes are used to extract sh ow level topic information. These were then used as additional input to the RNNLM during training, which can facilitate unsupervised test time adaptation. Experiments using a state-o f-theart LVCSR system trained on 1000 hours of speech and more than 1 billion words of text showed adaptation could yield pe rplexity reductions of 8% relatively over the baseline RNNLM and small but consistent word error rate reductions.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "9e2dc31edf639e1201c3a3d59f3381af",
"text": "The AMBA-AHB Multilayer Bus matrix Self-Motivated Arbitration scheme proposed three methods for data transmiting from master to slave for on chip communication. Multilayer advanced high-performance bus (ML-AHB) busmatrix employs slave-side arbitration. Slave-side arbitration is different from master-side arbitration in terms of request and grant signals since, in the former, the master merely starts a burst transaction and waits for the slave response to proceed to the next transfer. Therefore, in the former, the unit of arbitration can be a transaction or a transfer. However, the ML-AHB busmatrix of ARM offers only transferbased fixed-pri-ority and round-robin arbitration schemes. In this paper, we propose the design and implementation of a flexible arbiter for the ML-AHB busmatrix to support three priority policies fixed priority, round robin, and dynamic priority and three data multiplexing modes transfer, transaction, and desired transfer length. In total, there are nine possible arbitration schemes. The proposed arbiter, which is self-motivated (SM), selects one of the nine possible arbitration schemes based upon the priority-level notifications and the desired transfer length from the masters so that arbitration leads to the maximum performance. Experimental results show that, although the area overhead of the proposed SM arbitration scheme is 9%–25% larger than those of the other arbitration schemes, our arbiter improves the throughput by 14%–62% compared to other schemes.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "58f505558cda55abf70b143d52030a2d",
"text": "Given a finite set of points P ⊆ R, we would like to find a small subset S ⊆ P such that the convex hull of S approximately contains P . More formally, every point in P is within distance from the convex hull of S. Such a subset S is called an -hull. Computing an -hull is an important problem in computational geometry, machine learning, and approximation algorithms. In many applications, the set P is too large to fit in memory. We consider the streaming model where the algorithm receives the points of P sequentially and strives to use a minimal amount of memory. Existing streaming algorithms for computing an -hull require O( (1−d)/2) space, which is optimal for a worst-case input. However, this ignores the structure of the data. The minimal size of an -hull of P , which we denote by OPT, can be much smaller. A natural question is whether a streaming algorithm can compute an -hull using only O(OPT) space. We begin with lower bounds that show, under a reasonable streaming model, that it is not possible to have a single-pass streaming algorithm that computes an -hull with O(OPT) space. We instead propose three relaxations of the problem for which we can compute -hulls using space near-linear to the optimal size. Our first algorithm for points in R2 that arrive in random-order uses O(logn ·OPT) space. Our second algorithm for points in R2 makes O(log( −1)) passes before outputting the -hull and requires O(OPT) space. Our third algorithm, for points in R for any fixed dimension d, outputs, with high probability, an -hull for all but δ-fraction of directions and requires O(OPT · log OPT) space. 1 This work was supported in part by the National Science Foundation under grant CCF-1525971. Work was done while the author was at Carnegie Mellon University. 2 This material is based upon work supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Grants No. 1447639, 1650041 and 1652257, Cisco faculty award, and by the ONR Award N00014-18-1-2364. 3 Now at DeepMind. 4 This research was supported by the Franco-American Fulbright Commission and supported in part by National Science Foundation under Grant No. 1447639, 1650041 and 1652257. The author thanks INRIA (l’Institut national de recherche en informatique et en automatique) for hosting him during the writing of this paper. 5 This material is based upon work supported in part by National Science Foundation under Grant No. 1447639, 1650041 and 1652257. Work was done while the author was at Johns Hopkins University. EA T C S © Avrim Blum, Vladimir Braverman, Ananya Kumar, Harry Lang, and Lin F. Yang; licensed under Creative Commons License CC-BY 45th International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2018). Editors: Ioannis Chatzigiannakis, Christos Kaklamanis, Dániel Marx, and Donald Sannella; Article No. 21; pp. 21:1–21:13 Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik, Dagstuhl Publishing, Germany 21:2 Approximate Convex Hull of Data Streams 2012 ACM Subject Classification Theory of computation → Computational geometry, Theory of computation → Sketching and sampling, Theory of computation → Streaming models",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "3259c90b96b3ebbe885f73c2febe863d",
"text": "Human-Following robots are being actively researched for their immense potential to carry out mundane tasks like load carrying and monitoring of target individual through interaction and collaboration. The recent advancements in vision and sensor technologies have helped in creating more user-friendly robots that are able to coexist with humans by leveraging the sensors for human detection, human movement estimation, collision avoidance, and obstacle avoidance. But most of these sensors are suitable only for Line of Sight following of human. In the case of loss of sight of the target, most of them fail to re-acquire their target. In this paper, we are proposing a novel method to develop a human following robot using Bluetooth and Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) on Smartphones which can work under high interference environment and can reacquire the target when lost. The proposed method leverages IMU sensors on the smartphone to estimate the direction of human movement while estimating the distance traveled from the RSSI of the Bluetooth. Thus, the Follow Me robot which estimates the position of target human and direction of heading and effectively track the person was implemented using Smartphone on a differential drive robot.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "ab8599cbe4b906cea6afab663cbe2caf",
"text": "Real-time ETL and data warehouse multidimensional modeling (DMM) of business operational data has become an important research issue in the area of real-time data warehousing (RTDW). In this study, some of the recently proposed real-time ETL technologies from the perspectives of data volumes, frequency, latency, and mode have been discussed. In addition, we highlight several advantages of using semi-structured DMM (i.e. XML) in RTDW instead of traditional structured DMM (i.e., relational). We compare the two DMMs on the basis of four characteristics: heterogeneous data integration, types of measures supported, aggregate query processing, and incremental maintenance. We implemented the RTDW framework for an example telecommunication organization. Our experimental analysis shows that if the delay comes from the incremental maintenance of DMM, no ETL technology (full-reloading or incremental-loading) can help in real-time business intelligence.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "f24bba45a1905cd4658d52bc7e9ee046",
"text": "In continuous action domains, standard deep reinforcement learning algorithms like DDPG suffer from inefficient exploration when facing sparse or deceptive reward problems. Conversely, evolutionary and developmental methods focusing on exploration like Novelty Search, QualityDiversity or Goal Exploration Processes explore more robustly but are less efficient at fine-tuning policies using gradient-descent. In this paper, we present the GEP-PG approach, taking the best of both worlds by sequentially combining a Goal Exploration Process and two variants of DDPG. We study the learning performance of these components and their combination on a low dimensional deceptive reward problem and on the larger Half-Cheetah benchmark. We show that DDPG fails on the former and that GEP-PG improves over the best DDPG variant in both environments. Supplementary videos and discussion can be found at frama.link/gep_pg, the code at github.com/flowersteam/geppg.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "5cbd331652b69714bc4ff0eeacc8f85a",
"text": "A survey was conducted from May to Oct of 2011 of the parasitoid community of the imported cabbageworm, Pieris rapae (Lepidoptera: Pieridae), in cole crops in part of the eastern United States and southeastern Canada. The findings of our survey indicate that Cotesia rubecula (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) now occurs as far west as North Dakota and has become the dominant parasitoid of P. rapae in the northeastern and north central United States and adjacent parts of southeastern Canada, where it has displaced the previously common parasitoid Cotesia glomerata (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Cotesia glomerata remains the dominant parasitoid in the mid-Atlantic states, from Virginia to North Carolina and westward to southern Illinois, below latitude N 38° 48’. This pattern suggests that the released populations of C. rubecula presently have a lower latitudinal limit south of which they are not adapted.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "1757c61b82376d05a869034b2c3e8455",
"text": "DMA-capable interconnects, providing ultra-low latency and high bandwidth, are increasingly being used in the context of distributed storage and data processing systems. However, the deployment of such systems in virtualized data centers is currently inhibited by the lack of a flexible and high-performance virtualization solution for RDMA network interfaces.\n In this work, we present a hybrid virtualization architecture which builds upon the concept of separation of paths for control and data operations available in RDMA. With hybrid virtualization, RDMA control operations are virtualized using hypervisor involvement, while data operations are set up to bypass the hypervisor completely. We describe HyV (Hybrid Virtualization), a virtualization framework for RDMA devices implementing such a hybrid architecture. In the paper, we provide a detailed evaluation of HyV for different RDMA technologies and operations. We further demonstrate the advantages of HyV in the context of a real distributed system by running RAMCloud on a set of HyV-enabled virtual machines deployed across a 6-node RDMA cluster. All of the performance results we obtained illustrate that hybrid virtualization enables bare-metal RDMA performance inside virtual machines while retaining the flexibility typically associated with paravirtualization.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "49f21df66ac901e5f37cff022353ed20",
"text": "This paper presents the implementation of the interval type-2 to control the process of production of High-strength low-alloy (HSLA) steel in a secondary metallurgy process in a simply way. The proposal evaluate fuzzy techniques to ensure the accuracy of the model, the most important advantage is that the systems do not need pretreatment of the historical data, it is used as it is. The system is a multiple input single output (MISO) and the main goal of this paper is the proposal of a system that optimizes the resources: computational, time, among others.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "e50320cfddc32a918389fbf8707d599f",
"text": "Psilocybin, an indoleamine hallucinogen, produces a psychosis-like syndrome in humans that resembles first episodes of schizophrenia. In healthy human volunteers, the psychotomimetic effects of psilocybin were blocked dose-dependently by the serotonin-2A antagonist ketanserin or the atypical antipsychotic risperidone, but were increased by the dopamine antagonist and typical antipsychotic haloperidol. These data are consistent with animal studies and provide the first evidence in humans that psilocybin-induced psychosis is due to serotonin-2A receptor activation, independently of dopamine stimulation. Thus, serotonin-2A overactivity may be involved in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia and serotonin-2A antagonism may contribute to therapeutic effects of antipsychotics.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "01ea69cfc6b81e431717c6b090df37b0",
"text": "Physical trauma to the brain has always been known to affect brain functions and subsequent neurobiological development. Research primarily since the early 1990s has shown that psychological trauma can have detrimental effects on brain function that are not only lasting but that may alter patterns of subsequent neurodevelopment, particularly in children although developmental effects may be seen in adults as well. Childhood trauma produces a diverse range of symptoms and defining the brain's response to trauma and the factors that mediate the body's stress response systems is at the forefront of scientific investigation. This paper reviews the current evidence relating psychological trauma to anatomical and functional changes in the brain and discusses the need for accurate diagnosis and treatment to minimize such effects and to recognize their existence in developing treatment programs.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "c66e38f3be7760c8ca0b6ef2dfc5bec2",
"text": "Gesture recognition remains a very challenging task in the field of computer vision and human computer interaction (HCI). A decade ago the task seemed to be almost unsolvable with the data provided by a single RGB camera. Due to recent advances in sensing technologies, such as time-of-flight and structured light cameras, there are new data sources available, which make hand gesture recognition more feasible. In this work, we propose a highly precise method to recognize static gestures from a depth data, provided from one of the above mentioned devices. The depth images are used to derive rotation-, translation- and scale-invariant features. A multi-layered random forest (MLRF) is then trained to classify the feature vectors, which yields to the recognition of the hand signs. The training time and memory required by MLRF are much smaller, compared to a simple random forest with equivalent precision. This allows to repeat the training procedure of MLRF without significant effort. To show the advantages of our technique, we evaluate our algorithm on synthetic data, on publicly available dataset, containing 24 signs from American Sign Language(ASL) and on a new dataset, collected using recently appeared Intel Creative Gesture Camera.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "6990c4f7bde94cb0e14245872e670f91",
"text": "The UK's recent move to polymer banknotes has seen some of the currently used fingermark enhancement techniques for currency potentially become redundant, due to the surface characteristics of the polymer substrates. Possessing a non-porous surface with some semi-porous properties, alternate processes are required for polymer banknotes. This preliminary investigation explored the recovery of fingermarks from polymer notes via vacuum metal deposition using elemental copper. The study successfully demonstrated that fresh latent fingermarks, from an individual donor, could be clearly developed and imaged in the near infrared. By varying the deposition thickness of the copper, the contrast between the fingermark minutiae and the substrate could be readily optimised. Where the deposition thickness was thin enough to be visually indistinguishable, forensic gelatin lifters could be used to lift the fingermarks. These lifts could then be treated with rubeanic acid to produce a visually distinguishable mark. The technique has shown enough promise that it could be effectively utilised on other semi- and non-porous substrates.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "cd11e079db25441a1a5801c71fcff781",
"text": "Quad-robot type (QRT) unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have been developed for quick detection and observation of the circumstances under calamity environment such as indoor fire spots. The UAV is equipped with four propellers driven by each electric motor, an embedded controller, an Inertial Navigation System (INS) using three rate gyros and accelerometers, a CCD (Charge Coupled Device) camera with wireless communication transmitter for observation, and an ultrasonic range sensor for height control. Accurate modeling and robust flight control of QRT UAVs are mainly discussed in this work. Rigorous dynamic model of a QRT UAV is obtained both in the reference and body frame coordinate systems. A disturbance observer (DOB) based controller using the derived dynamic models is also proposed for robust hovering control. The control input induced by DOB is helpful to use simple equations of motion satisfying accurately derived dynamics. The developed hovering robot shows stable flying performances under the adoption of DOB and the vision based localization method. Although a model is incorrect, DOB method can design a controller by regarding the inaccurate part of the model J. Kim Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University of Technology, Seoul, South Korea e-mail: jinhyun@snut.ac.kr M.-S. Kang Department of Mechatronics Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan, South Korea e-mail: wowmecha@gmail.com S. Park (B) Division of Applied Robot Technology, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Ansan, South Korea e-mail: sdpark@kitech.re.kr 10 J Intell Robot Syst (2010) 57:9–26 and sensor noises as disturbances. The UAV can also avoid obstacles using eight IR (Infrared) and four ultrasonic range sensors. This kind of micro UAV can be widely used in various calamity observation fields without danger of human beings under harmful environment. The experimental results show the performance of the proposed control algorithm.",
"title": ""
}
] | scidocsrr |
6ebaf2722502a9553803a05b66bfa95e | There's No Free Lunch, Even Using Bitcoin: Tracking the Popularity and Profits of Virtual Currency Scams | [
{
"docid": "bc8b40babfc2f16144cdb75b749e3a90",
"text": "The Bitcoin scheme is a rare example of a large scale global payment system in which all the transactions are publicly accessible (but in an anonymous way). We downloaded the full history of this scheme, and analyzed many statistical properties of its associated transaction graph. In this paper we answer for the first time a variety of interesting questions about the typical behavior of users, how they acquire and how they spend their bitcoins, the balance of bitcoins they keep in their accounts, and how they move bitcoins between their various accounts in order to better protect their privacy. In addition, we isolated all the large transactions in the system, and discovered that almost all of them are closely related to a single large transaction that took place in November 2010, even though the associated users apparently tried to hide this fact with many strange looking long chains and fork-merge structures in the transaction graph.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "8ee24b38d7cf4f63402cd4f2c0beaf79",
"text": "At the current stratospheric value of Bitcoin, miners with access to significant computational horsepower are literally printing money. For example, the first operator of a USD $1,500 custom ASIC mining platform claims to have recouped his investment in less than three weeks in early February 2013, and the value of a bitcoin has more than tripled since then. Not surprisingly, cybercriminals have also been drawn to this potentially lucrative endeavor, but instead are leveraging the resources available to them: stolen CPU hours in the form of botnets. We conduct the first comprehensive study of Bitcoin mining malware, and describe the infrastructure and mechanism deployed by several major players. By carefully reconstructing the Bitcoin transaction records, we are able to deduce the amount of money a number of mining botnets have made.",
"title": ""
}
] | [
{
"docid": "091c57447d5a3c97d3ff1afb57ebb4e3",
"text": "We present ORB-SLAM2, a complete simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) system for monocular, stereo and RGB-D cameras, including map reuse, loop closing, and relocalization capabilities. The system works in real time on standard central processing units in a wide variety of environments from small hand-held indoors sequences, to drones flying in industrial environments and cars driving around a city. Our back-end, based on bundle adjustment with monocular and stereo observations, allows for accurate trajectory estimation with metric scale. Our system includes a lightweight localization mode that leverages visual odometry tracks for unmapped regions and matches with map points that allow for zero-drift localization. The evaluation on 29 popular public sequences shows that our method achieves state-of-the-art accuracy, being in most cases the most accurate SLAM solution. We publish the source code, not only for the benefit of the SLAM community, but with the aim of being an out-of-the-box SLAM solution for researchers in other fields.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "7a6ae2e12dbd9f4a0a3355caec648ca7",
"text": "Near Field Communication (NFC) is an emerging wireless short-range communication technology that is based on existing standards of the Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) infrastructure. In combination with NFC-capable smartphones it enables intuitive application scenarios for contactless transactions, in particular services for mobile payment and over-theair ticketing. The intention of this paper is to describe basic characteristics and benefits of the underlaying technology, to classify modes of operation and to present various use cases. Both existing NFC applications and possible future scenarios will be analyzed in this context. Furthermore, security concerns, challenges and present conflicts will be discussed eventually.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "2bdfeabf15a4ca096c2fe5ffa95f3b17",
"text": "This paper studies how to incorporate the external word correlation knowledge to improve the coherence of topic modeling. Existing topic models assume words are generated independently and lack the mechanism to utilize the rich similarity relationships among words to learn coherent topics. To solve this problem, we build a Markov Random Field (MRF) regularized Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) model, which defines a MRF on the latent topic layer of LDA to encourage words labeled as similar to share the same topic label. Under our model, the topic assignment of each word is not independent, but rather affected by the topic labels of its correlated words. Similar words have better chance to be put into the same topic due to the regularization of MRF, hence the coherence of topics can be boosted. In addition, our model can accommodate the subtlety that whether two words are similar depends on which topic they appear in, which allows word with multiple senses to be put into different topics properly. We derive a variational inference method to infer the posterior probabilities and learn model parameters and present techniques to deal with the hardto-compute partition function in MRF. Experiments on two datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of our model.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "4a9da1575b954990f98e6807deae469e",
"text": "Recently, there has been considerable debate concerning key sizes for publ i c key based cry p t o graphic methods. Included in the debate have been considerations about equivalent key sizes for diffe rent methods and considerations about the minimum re q u i red key size for diffe rent methods. In this paper we propose a method of a n a lyzing key sizes based upon the value of the data being protected and the cost of b reaking ke y s . I . I n t ro d u c t i o n A . W H Y I S K E Y S I Z E I M P O R T A N T ? In order to keep transactions based upon public key cryptography secure, one must ensure that the underlying keys are sufficiently large as to render the best possible attack infeasible. However, this really just begs the question as one is now left with the task of defining ‘infeasible’. Does this mean infeasible given access to (say) most of the Internet to do the computations? Does it mean infeasible to a large adversary with a large (but unspecified) budget to buy the hardware for an attack? Does it mean infeasible with what hardware might be obtained in practice by utilizing the Internet? Is it reasonable to assume that if utilizing the entire Internet in a key breaking effort makes a key vulnerable that such an attack might actually be conducted? If a public effort involving a substantial fraction of the Internet breaks a single key, does this mean that similar sized keys are unsafe? Does one need to be concerned about such public efforts or does one only need to be concerned about possible private, sur reptitious efforts? After all, if a public attack is known on a particular key, it is easy to change that key. We shall attempt to address these issues within this paper. number 13 Apr i l 2000 B u l l e t i n News and A dv i c e f rom RSA La bo rat o r i e s I . I n t ro d u c t i o n I I . M et ho ds o f At tac k I I I . H i s tor i ca l R es u l t s and t he R S A Ch a l le nge I V. Se cu r i t y E st i m ate s",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "ae6d36ccbf79ae6f62af3a62ef3e3bb2",
"text": "This paper presents a new neural network system called the Evolving Tree. This network resembles the Self-Organizing map, but deviates from it in several aspects, which are desirable in many analysis tasks. First of all the Evolving Tree grows automatically, so the user does not have to decide the network’s size before training. Secondly the network has a hierarchical structure, which makes network training and use computationally very efficient. Test results with both synthetic and actual data show that the Evolving Tree works quite well.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "7d5d2f819a5b2561db31645d534836b8",
"text": "Recent work has suggested enhancing Bloom filters by using a pre-filter, based on applying machine learning to model the data set the Bloom filter is meant to represent. Here we model such learned Bloom filters, clarifying what guarantees can and cannot be associated with such a structure.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "1eba8eccf88ddb44a88bfa4a937f648f",
"text": "We present a deep learning framework for probabilistic pixel-wise semantic segmentation, which we term Bayesian SegNet. Semantic segmentation is an important tool for visual scene understanding and a meaningful measure of uncertainty is essential for decision making. Our contribution is a practical system which is able to predict pixelwise class labels with a measure of model uncertainty using Bayesian deep learning. We achieve this by Monte Carlo sampling with dropout at test time to generate a posterior distribution of pixel class labels. In addition, we show that modelling uncertainty improves segmentation performance by 2-3% across a number of datasets and architectures such as SegNet, FCN, Dilation Network and DenseNet.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "0d747bd516498ae314e3197b7e7ad1e3",
"text": "Neurotoxins and fillers continue to remain in high demand, comprising a large part of the growing business of cosmetic minimally invasive procedures. Multiple Food and Drug Administration-approved safe yet different products exist within each category, and the role of each product continues to expand. The authors review the literature to provide an overview of the use of neurotoxins and fillers and their future directions.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "2edcf1a54bded9a77345cbe88cc02533",
"text": "Although the uncanny exists, the inherent, unavoidable dip (or valley) may be an illusion. Extremely abstract robots can be uncanny if the aesthetic is off, as can cosmetically atypical humans. Thus, the uncanny occupies a continuum ranging from the abstract to the real, although norms of acceptability may narrow as one approaches human likeness. However, if the aesthetic is right, any level of realism or abstraction can be appealing. If so, then avoiding or creating an uncanny effect just depends on the quality of the aesthetic design, regardless of the level of realism. The author’s preliminary experiments on human reaction to near-realistic androids appear to support this hypothesis.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "56998c03c373dfae07460a7b731ef03e",
"text": "52 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Statistical notes for clinical researchers: assessing normal distribution (2) using skewness and kurtosis",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "a084e7dd5485e01d97ccf628bc00d644",
"text": "A novel concept called gesture-changeable under-actuated (GCUA) function is proposed to improve the dexterities of traditional under-actuated hands and reduce the control difficulties of dexterous hands. Based on the GCUA function, a new humanoid robot hand, GCUA Hand is designed and manufactured. The GCUA Hand can grasp different objects self-adaptively and change its initial gesture dexterously before contacting objects. The hand has 5 fingers and 15 DOFs, each finger is based on screw-nut transmission, flexible drawstring constraint and belt-pulley under-actuated mechanism to realize GCUA function. The analyses on grasping static forces and grasping stabilities are put forward. The analyses and Experimental results show that the GCUA function is very nice and valid. The hands with the GCUA function can meet the requirements of grasping and operating with lower control and cost, which is the middle road between traditional under-actuated hands and dexterous hands.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "e7b42688ce3936604aefa581802040a4",
"text": "Identity management through biometrics offer potential advantages over knowledge and possession based methods. A wide variety of biometric modalities have been tested so far but several factors paralyse the accuracy of mono modal biometric systems. Usually, the analysis of multiple modalities offers better accuracy. An extensive review of biometric technology is presented here. Besides the mono modal systems, the article also discusses multi modal biometric systems along with their architecture and information fusion levels. The paper along with the exemplary evidences highlights the potential for biometric technology, market value and prospects. Keywords— Biometrics, Fingerprint, Face, Iris, Retina, Behavioral biometrics, Gait, Voice, Soft biometrics, Multi-modal biometrics.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "69624e1501b897bf1a9f9a5a84132da3",
"text": "360° videos and Head-Mounted Displays (HMDs) are geing increasingly popular. However, streaming 360° videos to HMDs is challenging. is is because only video content in viewers’ Fieldof-Views (FoVs) is rendered, and thus sending complete 360° videos wastes resources, including network bandwidth, storage space, and processing power. Optimizing the 360° video streaming to HMDs is, however, highly data and viewer dependent, and thus dictates real datasets. However, to our best knowledge, such datasets are not available in the literature. In this paper, we present our datasets of both content data (such as image saliency maps and motion maps derived from 360° videos) and sensor data (such as viewer head positions and orientations derived from HMD sensors). We put extra eorts to align the content and sensor data using the timestamps in the raw log les. e resulting datasets can be used by researchers, engineers, and hobbyists to either optimize existing 360° video streaming applications (like rate-distortion optimization) and novel applications (like crowd-driven cameramovements). We believe that our dataset will stimulate more research activities along this exciting new research direction. ACM Reference format: Wen-Chih Lo, Ching-Ling Fan, Jean Lee, Chun-Ying Huang, Kuan-Ta Chen, and Cheng-Hsin Hsu. 2017. 360° Video Viewing Dataset in Head-Mounted Virtual Reality. In Proceedings ofMMSys’17, Taipei, Taiwan, June 20-23, 2017, 6 pages. DOI: hp://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3083187.3083219 CCS Concept • Information systems→Multimedia streaming",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "f519d349d928e7006955943043ab0eae",
"text": "A critical application of metabolomics is the evaluation of tissues, which are often the primary sites of metabolic dysregulation in disease. Laboratory rodents have been widely used for metabolomics studies involving tissues due to their facile handing, genetic manipulability and similarity to most aspects of human metabolism. However, the necessary step of administration of anesthesia in preparation for tissue sampling is not often given careful consideration, in spite of its potential for causing alterations in the metabolome. We examined, for the first time using untargeted and targeted metabolomics, the effect of several commonly used methods of anesthesia and euthanasia for collection of skeletal muscle, liver, heart, adipose and serum of C57BL/6J mice. The data revealed dramatic, tissue-specific impacts of tissue collection strategy. Among many differences observed, post-euthanasia samples showed elevated levels of glucose 6-phosphate and other glycolytic intermediates in skeletal muscle. In heart and liver, multiple nucleotide and purine degradation metabolites accumulated in tissues of euthanized compared to anesthetized animals. Adipose tissue was comparatively less affected by collection strategy, although accumulation of lactate and succinate in euthanized animals was observed in all tissues. Among methods of tissue collection performed pre-euthanasia, ketamine showed more variability compared to isoflurane and pentobarbital. Isoflurane induced elevated liver aspartate but allowed more rapid initiation of tissue collection. Based on these findings, we present a more optimal collection strategy mammalian tissues and recommend that rodent tissues intended for metabolomics studies be collected under anesthesia rather than post-euthanasia.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "099a2ee305b703a765ff3579f0e0c1c3",
"text": "To enhance the security of mobile cloud users, a few proposals have been presented recently. However we argue that most of them are not suitable for mobile cloud where mobile users might join or leave the mobile networks arbitrarily. In this paper, we design a secure mobile user-based data service mechanism (SDSM) to provide confidentiality and fine-grained access control for data stored in the cloud. This mechanism enables the mobile users to enjoy a secure outsourced data services at a minimized security management overhead. The core idea of SDSM is that SDSM outsources not only the data but also the security management to the mobile cloud in a trust way. Our analysis shows that the proposed mechanism has many advantages over the existing traditional methods such as lower overhead and convenient update, which could better cater the requirements in mobile cloud computing scenarios.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "0e5a11ef4daeb969702e40ea0c50d7f3",
"text": "OBJECTIVES\nThe aim of this study was to assess the long-term safety and efficacy of the CYPHER (Cordis, Johnson and Johnson, Bridgewater, New Jersey) sirolimus-eluting coronary stent (SES) in percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI).\n\n\nBACKGROUND\nConcern over the safety of drug-eluting stents implanted during PCI for STEMI remains, and long-term follow-up from randomized trials are necessary. TYPHOON (Trial to assess the use of the cYPHer sirolimus-eluting stent in acute myocardial infarction treated with ballOON angioplasty) randomized 712 patients with STEMI treated by primary PCI to receive either SES (n = 355) or bare-metal stents (BMS) (n = 357). The primary end point, target vessel failure at 1 year, was significantly lower in the SES group than in the BMS group (7.3% vs. 14.3%, p = 0.004) with no increase in adverse events.\n\n\nMETHODS\nA 4-year follow-up was performed. Complete data were available in 501 patients (70%), and the survival status is known in 580 patients (81%).\n\n\nRESULTS\nFreedom from target lesion revascularization (TLR) at 4 years was significantly better in the SES group (92.4% vs. 85.1%; p = 0.002); there were no significant differences in freedom from cardiac death (97.6% and 95.9%; p = 0.37) or freedom from repeat myocardial infarction (94.8% and 95.6%; p = 0.85) between the SES and BMS groups. No difference in definite/probable stent thrombosis was noted at 4 years (SES: 4.4%, BMS: 4.8%, p = 0.83). In the 580 patients with known survival status at 4 years, the all-cause death rate was 5.8% in the SES and 7.0% in the BMS group (p = 0.61).\n\n\nCONCLUSIONS\nIn the 70% of patients with complete follow-up at 4 years, SES demonstrated sustained efficacy to reduce TLR with no difference in death, repeat myocardial infarction or stent thrombosis. (The Study to Assess AMI Treated With Balloon Angioplasty [TYPHOON]; NCT00232830).",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "08a6f27e905a732062ae585d8b324200",
"text": "The advent of cost-effectiveness and easy-operation depth cameras has facilitated a variety of visual recognition tasks including human activity recognition. This paper presents a novel framework for recognizing human activities from video sequences captured by depth cameras. We extend the surface normal to polynormal by assembling local neighboring hypersurface normals from a depth sequence to jointly characterize local motion and shape information. We then propose a general scheme of super normal vector (SNV) to aggregate the low-level polynormals into a discriminative representation, which can be viewed as a simplified version of the Fisher kernel representation. In order to globally capture the spatial layout and temporal order, an adaptive spatio-temporal pyramid is introduced to subdivide a depth video into a set of space-time cells. In the extensive experiments, the proposed approach achieves superior performance to the state-of-the-art methods on the four public benchmark datasets, i.e., MSRAction3D, MSRDailyActivity3D, MSRGesture3D, and MSRActionPairs3D.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "957a3970611470b611c024ed3b558115",
"text": "SHARE is a unique panel database of micro data on health, socio-economic status and social and family networks covering most of the European Union and Israel. To date, SHARE has collected three panel waves (2004, 2006, 2010) of current living circumstances and retrospective life histories (2008, SHARELIFE); 6 additional waves are planned until 2024. The more than 150 000 interviews give a broad picture of life after the age of 50 years, measuring physical and mental health, economic and non-economic activities, income and wealth, transfers of time and money within and outside the family as well as life satisfaction and well-being. The data are available to the scientific community free of charge at www.share-project.org after registration. SHARE is harmonized with the US Health and Retirement Study (HRS) and the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA) and has become a role model for several ageing surveys worldwide. SHARE's scientific power is based on its panel design that grasps the dynamic character of the ageing process, its multidisciplinary approach that delivers the full picture of individual and societal ageing, and its cross-nationally ex-ante harmonized design that permits international comparisons of health, economic and social outcomes in Europe and the USA.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "efe279fbc7307bc6a191ebb397b01823",
"text": "Real-time traffic sign detection and recognition has been receiving increasingly more attention in recent years due to the popularity of driver-assistance systems and autonomous vehicles. This paper proposes an accurate and efficient traffic sign detection technique by exploring AdaBoost and support vector regression (SVR) for discriminative detector learning. Different from the reported traffic sign detection techniques, a novel saliency estimation approach is first proposed, where a new saliency model is built based on the traffic sign-specific color, shape, and spatial information. By incorporating the saliency information, enhanced feature pyramids are built to learn an AdaBoost model that detects a set of traffic sign candidates from images. A novel iterative codeword selection algorithm is then designed to generate a discriminative codebook for the representation of sign candidates, as detected by the AdaBoost, and an SVR model is learned to identify the real traffic signs from the detected sign candidates. Experiments on three public data sets show that the proposed traffic sign detection technique is robust and obtains superior accuracy and efficiency.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "764ebb7673237d152995a0b6ae34e82a",
"text": "Due to limitations of chemical analysis procedures, small concentrations cannot be precisely measured. These concentrations are said to be below the limit of detection (LOD). In statistical analyses, these values are often censored and substituted with a constant value, such as half the LOD, the LOD divided by the square root of 2, or zero. These methods for handling below-detection values results in two distributions, a uniform distribution for those values below the LOD, and the true distribution. As a result, this can produce questionable descriptive statistics depending upon the percentage of values below the LOD. An alternative method uses the characteristics of the distribution of the values above the LOD to estimate the values below the LOD. This can be done with an extrapolation technique or maximum likelihood estimation. An example program using the same data is presented calculating the mean, standard deviation, t-test, and relative difference in the means for various methods and compares the results. The extrapolation and maximum likelihood estimate techniques have smaller error rates than all the standard replacement techniques. Although more computational, these methods produce more reliable descriptive statistics.",
"title": ""
}
] | scidocsrr |
299763e0a76597424582bf792d879f1d | Sexuality before and after male-to-female sex reassignment surgery. | [
{
"docid": "9b1a4e27c5d387ef091fdb9140eb8795",
"text": "In this study I investigated the relation between normal heterosexual attraction and autogynephilia (a man's propensity to be sexually aroused by the thought or image of himself as a woman). The subjects were 427 adult male outpatients who reported histories of dressing in women's garments, of feeling like women, or both. The data were questionnaire measures of autogynephilia, heterosexual interest, and other psychosexual variables. As predicted, the highest levels of autogynephilia were observed at intermediate rather than high levels of heterosexual interest; that is, the function relating these variables took the form of an inverted U. This finding supports the hypothesis that autogynephilia is a misdirected type of heterosexual impulse, which arises in association with normal heterosexuality but also competes with it.",
"title": ""
}
] | [
{
"docid": "fa260dabc7a58b760b4306e880afb821",
"text": "BACKGROUND\nPerforator-based flaps have been explored across almost all of the lower leg except in the Achilles tendon area. This paper introduced a perforator flap sourced from this area with regard to its anatomic basis and clinical applications.\n\n\nMETHODS\nTwenty-four adult cadaver legs were dissected to investigate the perforators emerging along the lateral edge of the Achilles tendon in terms of number and location relative to the tip of the lateral malleolus, and distribution. Based on the anatomic findings, perforator flaps, based on the perforator(s) of the lateral calcaneal artery (LCA) alone or in concert with the perforator of the peroneal artery (PA), were used for reconstruction of lower-posterior heel defects in eight cases. Postoperatively, subjective assessment and Semmes-Weinstein filament test were performed to evaluate the sensibility of the sural nerve-innerved area.\n\n\nRESULTS\nThe PA ended into the anterior perforating branch and LCA at the level of 6.0 ± 1.4 cm (range 3.3-9.4 cm) above the tip of the lateral malleolus. Both PA and LCA, especially the LCA, gave rise to perforators to contribute to the integument overlying the Achilles tendon. Of eight flaps, six were based on perforator(s) of the LCA and two were on perforators of the PA and LCA. Follow-up lasted for 6-28 months (mean 13.8 months), during which total flap loss and nerve injury were not found. Functional and esthetic outcomes were good in all patients.\n\n\nCONCLUSION\nThe integument overlying the Achilles tendon gets its blood supply through the perforators of the LCA primarily and that of through the PA secondarily. The LCA perforator(s)-based and the LCA plus PA perforators-based stepladder flap is a reliable, sensate flap, and should be thought of as a valuable procedure of choice for coverage of lower-posterior heel defects in selected patients.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "82dd67625fd8f2af3bf825fdef410836",
"text": "Public health thrives on high-quality evidence, yet acquiring meaningful data on a population remains a central challenge of public health research and practice. Social monitoring, the analysis of social media and other user-generated web data, has brought advances in the way we leverage population data to understand health. Social media offers advantages over traditional data sources, including real-time data availability, ease of access, and reduced cost. Social media allows us to ask, and answer, questions we never thought possible. This book presents an overview of the progress on uses of social monitoring to study public health over the past decade. We explain available data sources, common methods, and survey research on social monitoring in a wide range of public health areas. Our examples come from topics such as disease surveillance, behavioral medicine, and mental health, among others. We explore the limitations and concerns of these methods. Our survey of this exciting new field of data-driven research lays out future research directions.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "553719cb1cb8829ceaf8e0f1a40953ff",
"text": "“The distinctive faculties of Man are visibly expressed in his elevated cranial domeda feature which, though much debased in certain savage races, essentially characterises the human species. But, considering that the Neanderthal skull is eminently simial, both in its general and particular characters, I feel myself constrained to believe that the thoughts and desires which once dwelt within it never soared beyond those of a brute. The Andamaner, it is indisputable, possesses but the dimmest conceptions of the existence of the Creator of the Universe: his ideas on this subject, and on his own moral obligations, place him very little above animals of marked sagacity; nevertheless, viewed in connection with the strictly human conformation of his cranium, they are such as to specifically identify him with Homo sapiens. Psychical endowments of a lower grade than those characterising the Andamaner cannot be conceived to exist: they stand next to brute benightedness. (.) Applying the above argument to the Neanderthal skull, and considering . that it more closely conforms to the brain-case of the Chimpanzee, . there seems no reason to believe otherwise than that similar darkness characterised the being to which the fossil belonged” (King, 1864; pp. 96).",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "397b3b96c16b2ce310ab61f9d2d7bdbf",
"text": "Dependency networks approximate a joint probability distribution over multiple random variables as a product of conditional distributions. Relational Dependency Networks (RDNs) are graphical models that extend dependency networks to relational domains. This higher expressivity, however, comes at the expense of a more complex model-selection problem: an unbounded number of relational abstraction levels might need to be explored. Whereas current learning approaches for RDNs learn a single probability tree per random variable, we propose to turn the problem into a series of relational function-approximation problems using gradient-based boosting. In doing so, one can easily induce highly complex features over several iterations and in turn estimate quickly a very expressive model. Our experimental results in several different data sets show that this boosting method results in efficient learning of RDNs when compared to state-of-the-art statistical relational learning approaches.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "5ff019e3c12f7b1c2b3518e0883e3b6f",
"text": "A novel PFC (Power Factor Corrected) Converter using Zeta DC-DC converter feeding a BLDC (Brush Less DC) motor drive using a single voltage sensor is proposed for fan applications. A single phase supply followed by an uncontrolled bridge rectifier and a Zeta DC-DC converter is used to control the voltage of a DC link capacitor which is lying between the Zeta converter and a VSI (Voltage Source Inverter). Voltage of a DC link capacitor of Zeta converter is controlled to achieve the speed control of BLDC motor. The Zeta converter is working as a front end converter operating in DICM (Discontinuous Inductor Current Mode) and thus using a voltage follower approach. The DC link capacitor of the Zeta converter is followed by a VSI which is feeding a BLDC motor. A sensorless control of BLDC motor is used to eliminate the requirement of Hall Effect position sensors. A MATLAB/Simulink environment is used to simulate the developed model to achieve a wide range of speed control with high PF (power Factor) and improved PQ (Power Quality) at the supply.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "27f3060ef96f1656148acd36d50f02ce",
"text": "Video sensors become particularly important in traffic applications mainly due to their fast response, easy installation, operation and maintenance, and their ability to monitor wide areas. Research in several fields of traffic applications has resulted in a wealth of video processing and analysis methods. Two of the most demanding and widely studied applications relate to traffic monitoring and automatic vehicle guidance. In general, systems developed for these areas must integrate, amongst their other tasks, the analysis of their static environment (automatic lane finding) and the detection of static or moving obstacles (object detection) within their space of interest. In this paper we present an overview of image processing and analysis tools used in these applications and we relate these tools with complete systems developed for specific traffic applications. More specifically, we categorize processing methods based on the intrinsic organization of their input data (feature-driven, area-driven, or model-based) and the domain of processing (spatial/frame or temporal/video). Furthermore, we discriminate between the cases of static and mobile camera. Based on this categorization of processing tools, we present representative systems that have been deployed for operation. Thus, the purpose of the paper is threefold. First, to classify image-processing methods used in traffic applications. Second, to provide the advantages and disadvantages of these algorithms. Third, from this integrated consideration, to attempt an evaluation of shortcomings and general needs in this field of active research. q 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "06675c4b42683181cecce7558964c6b6",
"text": "We present in this work an economic analysis of ransomware, with relevant data from Cryptolocker, CryptoWall, TeslaCrypt and other major strands. We include a detailed study of the impact that different price discrimination strategies can have on the success of a ransomware family, examining uniform pricing, optimal price discrimination and bargaining strategies and analysing their advantages and limitations. In addition, we present results of a preliminary survey that can helps in estimating an optimal ransom value. We discuss at each stage whether the different schemes we analyse have been encountered already in existing malware, and the likelihood of them being implemented and becoming successful. We hope this work will help to gain some useful insights for predicting how ransomware may evolve in the future and be better prepared to counter its current and future threat.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "386edbf8dee79dd53a0a6c3475286f13",
"text": "The underrepresentation of women at the top of math-intensive fields is controversial, with competing claims of biological and sociocultural causation. The authors develop a framework to delineate possible causal pathways and evaluate evidence for each. Biological evidence is contradictory and inconclusive. Although cross-cultural and cross-cohort differences suggest a powerful effect of sociocultural context, evidence for specific factors is inconsistent and contradictory. Factors unique to underrepresentation in math-intensive fields include the following: (a) Math-proficient women disproportionately prefer careers in non-math-intensive fields and are more likely to leave math-intensive careers as they advance; (b) more men than women score in the extreme math-proficient range on gatekeeper tests, such as the SAT Mathematics and the Graduate Record Examinations Quantitative Reasoning sections; (c) women with high math competence are disproportionately more likely to have high verbal competence, allowing greater choice of professions; and (d) in some math-intensive fields, women with children are penalized in promotion rates. The evidence indicates that women's preferences, potentially representing both free and constrained choices, constitute the most powerful explanatory factor; a secondary factor is performance on gatekeeper tests, most likely resulting from sociocultural rather than biological causes.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "fe38de8c129845b86ee0ec4acf865c14",
"text": "0 7 4 0 7 4 5 9 / 0 2 / $ 1 7 . 0 0 © 2 0 0 2 I E E E McDonald’s develop product lines. But software product lines are a relatively new concept. They are rapidly emerging as a practical and important software development paradigm. A product line succeeds because companies can exploit their software products’ commonalities to achieve economies of production. The Software Engineering Institute’s (SEI) work has confirmed the benefits of pursuing this approach; it also found that doing so is both a technical and business decision. To succeed with software product lines, an organization must alter its technical practices, management practices, organizational structure and personnel, and business approach.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "7e127a6f25e932a67f333679b0d99567",
"text": "This paper presents a novel manipulator for human-robot interaction that has low mass and inertia without losing stiffness and payload performance. A lightweight tension amplifying mechanism that increases the joint stiffness in quadratic order is proposed. High stiffness is essential for precise and rapid manipulation, and low mass and inertia are important factors for safety due to low stored kinetic energy. The proposed tension amplifying mechanism was applied to a 1-DOF elbow joint and then extended to a 3-DOF wrist joint. The developed manipulator was analyzed in terms of inertia, stiffness, and strength properties. Its moving part weighs 3.37 kg, and its inertia is 0.57 kg·m2, which is similar to that of a human arm. The stiffness of the developed elbow joint is 1440Nm/rad, which is comparable to that of the joints with rigid components in industrial manipulators. A detailed description of the design is provided, and thorough analysis verifies the performance of the proposed mechanism.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "e1c877aa583aa10e2565ef2748585cb0",
"text": "OBJECTIVE\nTo encourage treatment of depression and prevention of suicide in physicians by calling for a shift in professional attitudes and institutional policies to support physicians seeking help.\n\n\nPARTICIPANTS\nAn American Foundation for Suicide Prevention planning group invited 15 experts on the subject to evaluate the state of knowledge about physician depression and suicide and barriers to treatment. The group assembled for a workshop held October 6-7, 2002, in Philadelphia, Pa.\n\n\nEVIDENCE\nThe planning group worked with each participant on a preworkshop literature review in an assigned area. Abstracts of presentations and key publications were distributed to participants before the workshop. After workshop presentations, participants were assigned to 1 of 2 breakout groups: (1) physicians in their role as patients and (2) medical institutions and professional organizations. The groups identified areas that required further research, barriers to treatment, and recommendations for reform.\n\n\nCONSENSUS PROCESS\nThis consensus statement emerged from a plenary session during which each work group presented its recommendations. The consensus statement was circulated to and approved by all participants.\n\n\nCONCLUSIONS\nThe culture of medicine accords low priority to physician mental health despite evidence of untreated mood disorders and an increased burden of suicide. Barriers to physicians' seeking help are often punitive, including discrimination in medical licensing, hospital privileges, and professional advancement. This consensus statement recommends transforming professional attitudes and changing institutional policies to encourage physicians to seek help. As barriers are removed and physicians confront depression and suicidality in their peers, they are more likely to recognize and treat these conditions in patients, including colleagues and medical students.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "59c4b8a66a6cf6add26000cb2475ffe6",
"text": "Intelligent transport systems are the rising technology in the near future to build cooperative vehicular networks in which a variety of different ITS applications are expected to communicate with a variety of different units. Therefore, the demand for highly customized communication channel for each or sets of similar ITS applications is increased. This article explores the capabilities of available wireless communication technologies in order to produce a win-win situation while selecting suitable carrier( s) for a single application or a profile of similar applications. Communication requirements for future ITS applications are described to select the best available communication interface for the target application(s).",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "5aa8c418b63a3ecb71dc60d4863f35cc",
"text": "Based on the sense definition of words available in the Bengali WordNet, an attempt is made to classify the Bengali sentences automatically into different groups in accordance with their underlying senses. The input sentences are collected from 50 different categories of the Bengali text corpus developed in the TDIL project of the Govt. of India, while information about the different senses of particular ambiguous lexical item is collected from Bengali WordNet. In an experimental basis we have used Naive Bayes probabilistic model as a useful classifier of sentences. We have applied the algorithm over 1747 sentences that contain a particular Bengali lexical item which, because of its ambiguous nature, is able to trigger different senses that render sentences in different meanings. In our experiment we have achieved around 84% accurate result on the sense classification over the total input sentences. We have analyzed those residual sentences that did not comply with our experiment and did affect the results to note that in many cases, wrong syntactic structures and less semantic information are the main hurdles in semantic classification of sentences. The applicational relevance of this study is attested in automatic text classification, machine learning, information extraction, and word sense disambiguation.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "0e153353fb8af1511de07c839f6eaca5",
"text": "The calculation of a transformer's parasitics, such as its self capacitance, is fundamental for predicting the frequency behavior of the device, reducing this capacitance value and moreover for more advanced aims of capacitance integration and cancellation. This paper presents a comprehensive procedure for calculating all contributions to the self-capacitance of high-voltage transformers and provides a detailed analysis of the problem, based on a physical approach. The advantages of the analytical formulation of the problem rather than a finite element method analysis are discussed. The approach and formulas presented in this paper can also be used for other wound components rather than just step-up transformers. Finally, analytical and experimental results are presented for three different high-voltage transformer architectures.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "9679713ae8ab7e939afba18223086128",
"text": "If, as many psychologists seem to believe, im mediate memory represents a distinct system or set of processes from long-term memory (L TM), then what might· it be for? This fundamental, functional question was surprisingly unanswer able in the 1970s, given the volume of research that had explored short-term memory (STM), and given the ostensible role that STM was thought to play in cognitive control (Atkinson & Shiffrin, 1971 ). Indeed, failed attempts to link STM to complex cognitive· functions, such as reading comprehension, loomed large in Crow der's (1982) obituary for the concept. Baddeley and Hitch ( 197 4) tried to validate immediate memory's functions by testing sub jects in reasoning, comprehension, and list learning tasks at the same time their memory was occupied by irrelevant material. Generally, small memory loads (i.e., three or fewer items) were retained with virtually no effect on the primary tasks, whereas memory loads of six items consistently impaired reasoning, compre hension, and learning. Baddeley and Hitch therefore argued that \"working memory\" (WM)",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "c625e9d1bb6cdb54864ab10ae2b0e060",
"text": "This special issue of the proceedings of the IEEE presents a systematical and complete tutorial on digital television (DTV), produced by a team of DTV experts worldwide. This introductory paper puts the current DTV systems into perspective and explains the historical background and different evolution paths that each system took. The main focus is on terrestrial DTV systems, but satellite and cable DTV are also covered,as well as several other emerging services.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "5be35d2aa81cc1e15b857892f376fbf0",
"text": "This paper proposes a new method for fabric defect classification by incorporating the design of a wavelet frames based feature extractor with the design of a Euclidean distance based classifier. Channel variances at the outputs of the wavelet frame decomposition are used to characterize each nonoverlapping window of the fabric image. A feature extractor using linear transformation matrix is further employed to extract the classification-oriented features. With a Euclidean distance based classifier, each nonoverlapping window of the fabric image is then assigned to its corresponding category. Minimization of the classification error is achieved by incorporating the design of the feature extractor with the design of the classifier based on minimum classification error (MCE) training method. The proposed method has been evaluated on the classification of 329 defect samples containing nine classes of fabric defects, and 328 nondefect samples, where 93.1% classification accuracy has been achieved.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "c68b94c11170fae3caf7dc211ab83f91",
"text": "Data mining is the extraction of useful, prognostic, interesting, and unknown information from massive transaction databases and other repositories. Data mining tools predict potential trends and actions, allowing various fields to make proactive, knowledge-driven decisions. Recently, with the rapid growth of information technology, the amount of data has exponentially increased in various fields. Big data mostly comes from people’s day-to-day activities and Internet-based companies. Mining frequent itemsets and association rule mining (ARM) are well-analysed techniques for revealing attractive correlations among variables in huge datasets. The Apriori algorithm is one of the most broadly used algorithms in ARM, and it collects the itemsets that frequently occur in order to discover association rules in massive datasets. The original Apriori algorithm is for sequential (single node or computer) environments. This Apriori algorithm has many drawbacks for processing huge datasets, such as that a single machine’s memory, CPU and storage capacity are insufficient. Parallel and distributed computing is the better solution to overcome the above problems. Many researchers have parallelized the Apriori algorithm. This study performs a survey on several well-enhanced and revised techniques for the parallel Apriori algorithm in the HadoopMapReduce environment. The Hadoop-MapReduce framework is a programming model that efficiently and effectively processes enormous databases in parallel. It can handle large clusters of commodity hardware in a reliable and fault-tolerant manner. This survey will provide an overall view of the parallel Apriori algorithm implementation in the Hadoop-MapReduce environment and briefly discuss the challenges and open issues of big data in the cloud and Hadoop-MapReduce. Moreover, this survey will not only give overall existing improved Apriori algorithm methods on Hadoop-MapReduce but also provide future research direction for upcoming researchers.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "c3500e2b50f70c81d7f2c4a425f12742",
"text": "Material recognition is an important subtask in computer vision. In this paper, we aim for the identification of material categories from a single image captured under unknown illumination and view conditions. Therefore, we use several features which cover various aspects of material appearance and perform supervised classification using Support Vector Machines. We demonstrate the feasibility of our approach by testing on the challenging Flickr Material Database. Based on this dataset, we also carry out a comparison to a previously published work [Liu et al., ”Exploring Features in a Bayesian Framework for Material Recognition”, CVPR 2010] which uses Bayesian inference and reaches a recognition rate of 44.6% on this dataset and represents the current state-of the-art. With our SVM approach we obtain 53.1% and hence, significantly outperform this approach.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "620574da26151188171a91eb64de344d",
"text": "Major security issues for banking and financial institutions are Phishing. Phishing is a webpage attack, it pretends a customer web services using tactics and mimics from unauthorized persons or organization. It is an illegitimate act to steals user personal information such as bank details, social security numbers and credit card details, by showcasing itself as a truthful object, in the public network. When users provide confidential information, they are not aware of the fact that the websites they are using are phishing websites. This paper presents a technique for detecting phishing website attacks and also spotting phishing websites by combines source code and URL in the webpage. Keywords—Phishing, Website attacks, Source Code, URL.",
"title": ""
}
] | scidocsrr |
286ea8972c234744e1b70f8e9d9b0bed | A Novel Approach for Effective Recognition of the Code-Switched Data on Monolingual Language Model | [
{
"docid": "1d05fb1a3ca5e83659996fba154fb12e",
"text": "Code-switching is a very common phenomenon in multilingual communities. In this paper, we investigate language modeling for conversational Mandarin-English code-switching (CS) speech recognition. First, we investigate the prediction of code switches based on textual features with focus on Part-of-Speech (POS) tags and trigger words. Second, we propose a structure of recurrent neural networks to predict code-switches. We extend the networks by adding POS information to the input layer and by factorizing the output layer into languages. The resulting models are applied to our task of code-switching language modeling. The final performance shows 10.8% relative improvement in perplexity on the SEAME development set which transforms into a 2% relative improvement in terms of Mixed Error Rate and a relative improvement of 16.9% in perplexity on the evaluation set which leads to a 2.7% relative improvement of MER.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "9df0cdd0273b19737de0591310131bff",
"text": "We present freely available open-source toolkit for training recurrent neural network based language models. I t can be easily used to improve existing speech recognition and ma chine translation systems. Also, it can be used as a baseline for fu ture research of advanced language modeling techniques. In the p a er, we discuss optimal parameter selection and different modes of functionality. The toolkit, example scripts and basic setups are freely available at http://rnnlm.sourceforge.net/. I. I NTRODUCTION, MOTIVATION AND GOALS Statistical language modeling attracts a lot of attention, as models of natural languages are important part of many practical systems today. Moreover, it can be estimated that with further research progress, language models will becom e closer to human understanding [1] [2], and completely new applications will become practically realizable. Immedia tely, any significant progress in language modeling can be utilize d in the esisting speech recognition and statistical machine translation systems. However, the whole research field struggled for decades to overcome very simple, but also effective models based on ngram frequencies [3] [4]. Many techniques were developed to beat n-grams, but the improvements came at the cost of computational complexity. Moreover, the improvements wer e often reported on very basic systems, and after application to state-of-the-art setups and comparison to n-gram models trained on large amounts of data, improvements provided by many techniques vanished. This has lead to scepticism among speech recognition researchers. In our previous work, we have compared many major advanced language modeling techniques, and found that neur al network based language models (NNLM) perform the best on several standard setups [5]. Models of this type were introduced by Bengio in [6], about ten years ago. Their main weaknesses were huge computational complexity, and nontrivial implementation. Successful training of neural net works require well chosen hyper-parameters, such as learning rat e and size of hidden layer. To help overcome these basic obstacles, we have decided to release our toolkit for training recurrent neural network b ased language models (RNNLM). We have shown that the recurrent architecture outperforms the feedforward one on several se tup in [7]. Moreover, the implemenation is simple and easy to understand. The most importantly, recurrent neural networ ks are very interesting from the research point of view, as they allow effective processing of sequences and patterns with arbitraty length these models can learn to store informati on in the hidden layer. Recurrent neural networks can have memory , and are thus important step forward to overcome the most painful and often criticized drawback of n-gram models dependence on previous two or three words only. In this paper we present an open source and freely available toolkit for training statistical language models base d or recurrent neural networks. It includes techniques for redu cing computational complexity (classes in the output layer and direct connections between input and output layer). Our too lkit has been designed to provide comparable results to the popul ar toolkit for training n-gram models, SRILM [8]. The main goals for the RNNLM toolkit are these: • promotion of research of advanced language modeling techniques • easy usage • simple portable code without any dependencies • computational efficiency In the paper, we describe how to easily make RNNLM part of almost any speech recognition or machine translation syste m that produces lattices. II. RECURRENTNEURAL NETWORK The recurrent neural network architecture used in the toolk it is shown at Figure 1 (usually called Elman network, or simple RNN). The input layer uses the 1-of-N representation of the previous wordw(t) concatenated with previous state of the hidden layers(t − 1). The neurons in the hidden layer s(t) use sigmoid activation function. The output layer (t) has the same dimensionality as w(t), and after the network is trained, it represents probability distribution of the next word giv en the previous word and state of the hidden layer in the previous time step [9]. The class layer c(t) can be optionally used to reduce computational complexity of the model, at a small cost of accuracy [7]. Training is performed by the standard stochastic gradient descent algorithm, and the matrix W that",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "f09733894d94052707ed768aea8d26e6",
"text": "The aim of this paper is to investigate the rules and constraints of code-switching (CS) in Hindi-English mixed language data. In this paper, we’ll discuss how we collected the mixed language corpus. This corpus is primarily made up of student interview speech. The speech was manually transcribed and verified by bilingual speakers of Hindi and English. The code-switching cases in the corpus are discussed and the reasons for code-switching are explained.",
"title": ""
}
] | [
{
"docid": "0ab14a40df6fe28785262d27a4f5b8ce",
"text": "State-of-the-art 3D shape classification and retrieval algorithms, hereinafter referred to as shape analysis, are often based on comparing signatures or descriptors that capture the main geometric and topological properties of 3D objects. None of the existing descriptors, however, achieve best performance on all shape classes. In this article, we explore, for the first time, the usage of covariance matrices of descriptors, instead of the descriptors themselves, in 3D shape analysis. Unlike histogram -based techniques, covariance-based 3D shape analysis enables the fusion and encoding of different types of features and modalities into a compact representation. Covariance matrices, however, are elements of the non-linear manifold of symmetric positive definite (SPD) matrices and thus \\BBL2 metrics are not suitable for their comparison and clustering. In this article, we study geodesic distances on the Riemannian manifold of SPD matrices and use them as metrics for 3D shape matching and recognition. We then: (1) introduce the concepts of bag of covariance (BoC) matrices and spatially-sensitive BoC as a generalization to the Riemannian manifold of SPD matrices of the traditional bag of features framework, and (2) generalize the standard kernel methods for supervised classification of 3D shapes to the space of covariance matrices. We evaluate the performance of the proposed BoC matrices framework and covariance -based kernel methods and demonstrate their superiority compared to their descriptor-based counterparts in various 3D shape matching, retrieval, and classification setups.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "cce36b208b8266ddacc8baea18cd994b",
"text": "Shape from shading is known to be an ill-posed problem. We show in this paper that if we model the problem in a different way than it is usually done, more precisely by taking into account the 1/r/sup 2/ attenuation term of the illumination, shape from shading becomes completely well-posed. Thus the shading allows to recover (almost) any surface from only one image (of this surface) without any additional data (in particular, without the knowledge of the heights of the solution at the local intensity \"minima\", contrary to [P. Dupuis et al. (1994), E. Prados et al. (2004), B. Horn (1986), E. Rouy et al. (1992), R. Kimmel et al. (2001)]) and without regularity assumptions (contrary to [J. Oliensis et al. (1993), R. Kimmel et al. (1995)], for example). More precisely, we formulate the problem as that of solving a new partial differential equation (PDE), we develop a complete mathematical study of this equation and we design a new provably convergent numerical method. Finally, we present results of our new shape from shading method on various synthetic and real images.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "3f6572916ac697188be30ef798acbbff",
"text": "The vector representation of Bengali words using word2vec model (Mikolov et al. (2013)) plays an important role in Bengali sentiment classification. It is observed that the words that are from same context stay closer in the vector space of word2vec model and they are more similar than other words. In this article, a new approach of sentiment classification of Bengali comments with word2vec and Sentiment extraction of words are presented. Combining the results of word2vec word co-occurrence score with the sentiment polarity score of the words, the accuracy obtained is 75.5%.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "46291c5a7fafd089c7729f7bc77ae8b7",
"text": "This paper proposes a new system for offline writer identification and writer verification. The proposed method uses GMM supervectors to encode the feature distribution of individual writers. Each supervector originates from an individual GMM which has been adapted from a background model via a maximum-a-posteriori step followed by mixing the new statistics with the background model. We show that this approach improves the TOP-1 accuracy of the current best ranked methods evaluated at the ICDAR-2013 competition dataset from 95.1% [13] to 97.1%, and from 97.9% [11] to 99.2% at the CVL dataset, respectively. Additionally, we compare the GMM supervector encoding with other encoding schemes, namely Fisher vectors and Vectors of Locally Aggregated Descriptors.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "5855428c40fd0e25e0d05554d2fc8864",
"text": "When the landmark patient Phineas Gage died in 1861, no autopsy was performed, but his skull was later recovered. The brain lesion that caused the profound personality changes for which his case became famous has been presumed to have involved the left frontal region, but questions have been raised about the involvement of other regions and about the exact placement of the lesion within the vast frontal territory. Measurements from Gage's skull and modern neuroimaging techniques were used to reconstitute the accident and determine the probable location of the lesion. The damage involved both left and right prefrontal cortices in a pattern that, as confirmed by Gage's modern counterparts, causes a defect in rational decision making and the processing of emotion.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "56a52c6a6b1815daee9f65d8ffc2610e",
"text": "State of the art methods for image and object retrieval exploit both appearance (via visual words) and local geometry (spatial extent, relative pose). In large scale problems, memory becomes a limiting factor - local geometry is stored for each feature detected in each image and requires storage larger than the inverted file and term frequency and inverted document frequency weights together. We propose a novel method for learning discretized local geometry representation based on minimization of average reprojection error in the space of ellipses. The representation requires only 24 bits per feature without drop in performance. Additionally, we show that if the gravity vector assumption is used consistently from the feature description to spatial verification, it improves retrieval performance and decreases the memory footprint. The proposed method outperforms state of the art retrieval algorithms in a standard image retrieval benchmark.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "adafa8a9f41878df975c239e592dc236",
"text": "Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is one of the most effective psychotherapy modalities used to treat depression and anxiety disorders. Homework is an integral component of CBT, but homework compliance in CBT remains problematic in real-life practice. The popularization of the mobile phone with app capabilities (smartphone) presents a unique opportunity to enhance CBT homework compliance; however, there are no guidelines for designing mobile phone apps created for this purpose. Existing literature suggests 6 essential features of an optimal mobile app for maximizing CBT homework compliance: (1) therapy congruency, (2) fostering learning, (3) guiding therapy, (4) connection building, (5) emphasis on completion, and (6) population specificity. We expect that a well-designed mobile app incorporating these features should result in improved homework compliance and better outcomes for its users.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "0bc403d33be9115e860cfe925ee8437a",
"text": "Orofacial analysis has been used by dentists for many years. The process involves applying mathematical rules, geometric principles, and straight lines to create either parallel or perpendicular references based on the true horizon and/or natural head position. These reference lines guide treatment planning and smile design for restorative treatments to achieve harmony between the new smile and the face. The goal is to obtain harmony and not symmetry. Faces are asymmetrical entities and because of that cannot be analyzed using purely straight lines. In this article, a more natural, organic, and dynamic process of evaluation is presented to minimize errors and generate harmoniously balanced smiles instead of perfect, mathematical smiles.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "f27ad6bf5c65fdea1a98b118b1a43c85",
"text": "Localization is one of the problems that often appears in the world of robotics. Monte Carlo Localization (MCL) are the one of the popular algorithms in localization because easy to implement on issues Global Localization. This algorithm using particles to represent the robot position. MCL can simulated by Robot Operating System (ROS) using robot type is Pioneer3-dx. In this paper we will discuss about this algorithm on ROS, by analyzing the influence of the number particle that are used for localization of the actual robot position.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "37a108b2d30a08cb78321f96c1e9eca4",
"text": "The TRAM flap, DIEP flap, and gluteal free flaps are routinely used for breast reconstruction. However, these have seldom been described for reconstruction of buttock deformities. We present three cases of free flaps used to restore significant buttock contour deformities. They introduce vascularised bulky tissue and provide adequate cushioning for future sitting, as well as correction of the aesthetic defect.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "42e2aec24a5ab097b5fff3ec2fe0385d",
"text": "Online freelancing marketplaces have grown quickly in recent years. In theory, these sites offer workers the ability to earn money without the obligations and potential social biases associated with traditional employment frameworks. In this paper, we study whether two prominent online freelance marketplaces - TaskRabbit and Fiverr - are impacted by racial and gender bias. From these two platforms, we collect 13,500 worker profiles and gather information about workers' gender, race, customer reviews, ratings, and positions in search rankings. In both marketplaces, we find evidence of bias: we find that gender and race are significantly correlated with worker evaluations, which could harm the employment opportunities afforded to the workers. We hope that our study fuels more research on the presence and implications of discrimination in online environments.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "390cb70c820d0ebefe936318f8668ac3",
"text": "BACKGROUND\nMandatory labeling of products with top allergens has improved food safety for consumers. Precautionary allergen labeling (PAL), such as \"may contain\" or \"manufactured on shared equipment,\" are voluntarily placed by the food industry.\n\n\nOBJECTIVE\nTo establish knowledge of PAL and its impact on purchasing habits by food-allergic consumers in North America.\n\n\nMETHODS\nFood Allergy Research & Education and Food Allergy Canada surveyed consumers in the United States and Canada on purchasing habits of food products featuring different types of PAL. Associations between respondents' purchasing behaviors and individual characteristics were estimated using multiple logistic regression.\n\n\nRESULTS\nOf 6684 participants, 84.3% (n = 5634) were caregivers of a food-allergic child and 22.4% had food allergy themselves. Seventy-one percent reported a history of experiencing a severe allergic reaction. Buying practices varied on the basis of PAL wording; 11% of respondents purchased food with \"may contain\" labeling, whereas 40% purchased food that used \"manufactured in a facility that also processes.\" Twenty-nine percent of respondents were unaware that the law requires labeling of priority food allergens. Forty-six percent were either unsure or incorrectly believed that PAL is required by law. Thirty-seven percent of respondents thought PAL was based on the amount of allergen present. History of a severe allergic reaction decreased the odds of purchasing foods with PAL.\n\n\nCONCLUSIONS\nAlmost half of consumers falsely believed that PAL was required by law. Up to 40% surveyed consumers purchased products with PAL. Understanding of PAL is poor, and improved awareness and guidelines are needed to help food-allergic consumers purchase food safely.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "f97490dfe6b7d77870c3effbba14c204",
"text": "Mobile phones and carriers trust the traditional base stations which serve as the interface between the mobile devices and the fixed-line communication network. Femtocells, miniature cellular base stations installed in homes and businesses, are equally trusted yet are placed in possibly untrustworthy hands. By making several modifications to a commercially available femtocell, we evaluate the impact of attacks originating from a compromised device. We show that such a rogue device can violate all the important aspects of security for mobile subscribers, including tracking phones, intercepting communication and even modifying and impersonating traffic. The specification also enables femtocells to directly communicate with other femtocells over a VPN and the carrier we examined had no filtering on such communication, enabling a single rogue femtocell to directly communicate with (and thus potentially attack) all other femtocells within the carrier’s network.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "01651546f9fb6c984e84cfd2d1702b8e",
"text": "There is increasing evidence for the involvement of glutamate-mediated neurotoxicity in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). We suggest that glutamate receptors of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) type are overactivated in a tonic rather than a phasic manner in this disorder. This continuous mild activation may lead to neuronal damage and impairment of synaptic plasticity (learning). It is likely that under such conditions Mg(2+) ions, which block NMDA receptors under normal resting conditions, can no longer do so. We found that overactivation of NMDA receptors using a direct agonist or a decrease in Mg(2+) concentration produced deficits in synaptic plasticity (in vivo: passive avoidance test and/or in vitro: LTP in the CA1 region). In both cases, memantine-an uncompetitive NMDA receptor antagonists with features of an 'improved' Mg(2+) (voltage-dependency, kinetics, affinity)-attenuated this deficit. Synaptic plasticity was restored by therapeutically-relevant concentrations of memantine (1 microM). Moreover, doses leading to similar brain/serum levels provided neuroprotection in animal models relevant for neurodegeneration in AD such as neurotoxicity produced by inflammation in the NBM or beta-amyloid injection to the hippocampus. As such, if overactivation of NMDA receptors is present in AD, memantine would be expected to improve both symptoms (cognition) and to slow down disease progression because it takes over the physiological function of magnesium.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "d9bbe52033912f29c98ef620e70f1cb1",
"text": "Low-cost hardware platforms for biomedical engineering are becoming increasingly available, which empower the research community in the development of new projects in a wide range of areas related with physiological data acquisition. Building upon previous work by our group, this work compares the quality of the data acquired by means of two different versions of the multimodal physiological computing platform BITalino, with a device that can be considered a reference. We acquired data from 5 sensors, namely Accelerometry (ACC), Electrocardiography (ECG), Electroencephalography (EEG), Electrodermal Activity (EDA) and Electromyography (EMG). Experimental evaluation shows that ACC, ECG and EDA data are highly correlated with the reference in what concerns the raw waveforms. When compared by means of their commonly used features, EEG and EMG data are also quite similar across the different devices.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "a966216fd4fc3a93e50dbbb1be84e908",
"text": "Extracting temporal information from raw text is fundamental for deep language understanding, and key to many applications like question answering, information extraction, and document summarization. Our long-term goal is to build complete temporal structure of documents and use the temporal structure in other applications like textual entailment, question answering, visualization, or others. In this paper, we present a first step, a system for extracting events, event features, main events, temporal expressions and their normalized values from raw text. Our system is a combination of deep semantic parsing with extraction rules, Markov Logic Network classifiers and Conditional Random Field classifiers. To compare with existing systems, we evaluated our system on the TempEval 1 and TempEval 2 corpus. Our system outperforms or performs competitively with existing systems that evaluate on the TimeBank, TempEval 1 and TempEval 2 corpus and our performance is very close to inter-annotator agreement of the TimeBank annotators.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "826fd1fbf5fc5e72ed4c2a1cdce00dec",
"text": "In this paper, we design a fast MapReduce algorithm for Monte Carlo approximation of personalized PageRank vectors of all the nodes in a graph. The basic idea is very efficiently doing single random walks of a given length starting at each node in the graph. More precisely, we design a MapReduce algorithm, which given a graph G and a length », outputs a single random walk of length » starting at each node in G. We will show that the number of MapReduce iterations used by our algorithm is optimal among a broad family of algorithms for the problem, and its I/O efficiency is much better than the existing candidates. We will then show how we can use this algorithm to very efficiently approximate all the personalized PageRank vectors. Our empirical evaluation on real-life graph data and in production MapReduce environment shows that our algorithm is significantly more efficient than all the existing algorithms in the MapReduce setting.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "e48941f23ee19ec4b26c4de409a84fe2",
"text": "Object recognition is challenging especially when the objects from different categories are visually similar to each other. In this paper, we present a novel joint dictionary learning (JDL) algorithm to exploit the visual correlation within a group of visually similar object categories for dictionary learning where a commonly shared dictionary and multiple category-specific dictionaries are accordingly modeled. To enhance the discrimination of the dictionaries, the dictionary learning problem is formulated as a joint optimization by adding a discriminative term on the principle of the Fisher discrimination criterion. As well as presenting the JDL model, a classification scheme is developed to better take advantage of the multiple dictionaries that have been trained. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithm has been evaluated on popular visual benchmarks.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "fc25adc42c7e4267a9adfe13ddcabf75",
"text": "As automotive electronics have increased, models for predicting the transmission characteristics of wiring harnesses, suitable for the automotive EMC tests, are needed. In this paper, the repetitive structures of the cross-sectional shape of the twisted pair cable is focused on. By taking account of RLGC parameters, a theoretical analysis modeling for whole cables, based on multi-conductor transmission line theory, is proposed. Furthermore, the theoretical values are compared with measured values and a full-wave simulator. In case that a twisted pitch, a length of the cable, and a height of reference ground plane are changed, the validity of the proposed model is confirmed.",
"title": ""
}
] | scidocsrr |
18aea5129e8608abd1d5fd6b2c9d7a71 | A Framework for Clustering Uncertain Data | [
{
"docid": "f5168565306f6e7f2b36ef797a6c9de8",
"text": "We study the problem of clustering data objects whose locations are uncertain. A data object is represented by an uncertainty region over which a probability density function (pdf) is defined. One method to cluster uncertain objects of this sort is to apply the UK-means algorithm, which is based on the traditional K-means algorithm. In UK-means, an object is assigned to the cluster whose representative has the smallest expected distance to the object. For arbitrary pdf, calculating the expected distance between an object and a cluster representative requires expensive integration computation. We study various pruning methods to avoid such expensive expected distance calculation.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "5f1f7847600207d1216384f8507be63b",
"text": "This paper introduces U-relations, a succinct and purely relational representation system for uncertain databases. U-relations support attribute-level uncertainty using vertical partitioning. If we consider positive relational algebra extended by an operation for computing possible answers, a query on the logical level can be translated into, and evaluated as, a single relational algebra query on the U-relational representation. The translation scheme essentially preserves the size of the query in terms of number of operations and, in particular, number of joins. Standard techniques employed in off-the-shelf relational database management systems are effective for optimizing and processing queries on U-relations. In our experiments we show that query evaluation on U-relations scales to large amounts of data with high degrees of uncertainty.",
"title": ""
}
] | [
{
"docid": "72a1798a864b4514d954e1e9b6089ad8",
"text": "Clustering image pixels is an important image segmentation technique. While a large amount of clustering algorithms have been published and some of them generate impressive clustering results, their performance often depends heavily on user-specified parameters. This may be a problem in the practical tasks of data clustering and image segmentation. In order to remove the dependence of clustering results on user-specified parameters, we investigate the characteristics of existing clustering algorithms and present a parameter-free algorithm based on the DSets (dominant sets) and DBSCAN (Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise) algorithms. First, we apply histogram equalization to the pairwise similarity matrix of input data and make DSets clustering results independent of user-specified parameters. Then, we extend the clusters from DSets with DBSCAN, where the input parameters are determined based on the clusters from DSets automatically. By merging the merits of DSets and DBSCAN, our algorithm is able to generate the clusters of arbitrary shapes without any parameter input. In both the data clustering and image segmentation experiments, our parameter-free algorithm performs better than or comparably with other algorithms with careful parameter tuning.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "24e10d8e12d8b3c618f88f1f0d33985d",
"text": "W -algebras of finite type are certain finitely generated associative algebras closely related to universal enveloping algebras of semisimple Lie algebras. In this paper we prove a conjecture of Premet that gives an almost complete classification of finite dimensional irreducible modules for W -algebras. Also we get some partial results towards a conjecture by Ginzburg on their finite dimensional bimodules.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "857efb4909ada73ca849acf24d6e74db",
"text": "Owing to inevitable thermal/moisture instability for organic–inorganic hybrid perovskites, pure inorganic perovskite cesium lead halides with both inherent stability and prominent photovoltaic performance have become research hotspots as a promising candidate for commercial perovskite solar cells. However, it is still a serious challenge to synthesize desired cubic cesium lead iodides (CsPbI3) with superior photovoltaic performance for its thermodynamically metastable characteristics. Herein, polymer poly-vinylpyrrolidone (PVP)-induced surface passivation engineering is reported to synthesize extra-long-term stable cubic CsPbI3. It is revealed that acylamino groups of PVP induce electron cloud density enhancement on the surface of CsPbI3, thus lowering surface energy, conducive to stabilize cubic CsPbI3 even in micrometer scale. The cubic-CsPbI3 PSCs exhibit extra-long carrier diffusion length (over 1.5 μm), highest power conversion efficiency of 10.74% and excellent thermal/moisture stability. This result provides important progress towards understanding of phase stability in realization of large-scale preparations of efficient and stable inorganic PSCs. Inorganic cesium lead iodide perovskite is inherently more stable than the hybrid perovskites but it undergoes phase transition that degrades the solar cell performance. Here Li et al. stabilize it with poly-vinylpyrrolidone and obtain high efficiency of 10.74% with excellent thermal and moisture stability.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "5517c8f35c8e9df2994afc12d5cb928f",
"text": "Glomus tumors of the penis are extremely rare. A patient with multiple regional glomus tumors involving the penis is reported. A 16-year-old boy presented with the complaint of painless penile masses and resection of the lesions was performed. The pathologic diagnosis was glomus tumor of the penis. This is the ninth case of glomus tumor of the penis to be reported in the literature.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "fd652333e274b25440767de985702111",
"text": "The global gold market has recently attracted a lot of attention and the price of gold is relatively higher than its historical trend. For mining companies to mitigate risk and uncertainty in gold price fluctuations, make hedging, future investment and evaluation decisions, depend on forecasting future price trends. The first section of this paper reviews the world gold market and the historical trend of gold prices from January 1968 to December 2008. This is followed by an investigation into the relationship between gold price and other key influencing variables, such as oil price and global inflation over the last 40 years. The second section applies a modified econometric version of the longterm trend reverting jump and dip diffusion model for forecasting natural-resource commodity prices. This method addresses the deficiencies of previous models, such as jumps and dips as parameters and unit root test for long-term trends. The model proposes that historical data of mineral commodities have three terms to demonstrate fluctuation of prices: a long-term trend reversion component, a diffusion component and a jump or dip component. The model calculates each term individually to estimate future prices of mineral commodities. The study validates the model and estimates the gold price for the next 10 years, based on monthly historical data of nominal gold price. & 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "080032ded41edee2a26320e3b2afb123",
"text": "The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of calisthenic exercises on psychological status in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and multiple sclerosis (MS). This study comprised 40 patients diagnosed with AS randomized into two exercise groups (group 1 = hospital-based, group 2 = home-based) and 40 patients diagnosed with MS randomized into two exercise groups (group 1 = hospital-based, group 2 = home-based). The exercise programme was completed by 73 participants (hospital-based = 34, home-based = 39). Mean age was 33.75 ± 5.77 years. After the 8-week exercise programme in the AS group, the home-based exercise group showed significant improvements in erythrocyte sedimentation rates (ESR). The hospital-based exercise group showed significant improvements in terms of the Bath AS Metrology Index (BASMI) and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale-Anxiety (HADS-A) scores. After the 8-week exercise programme in the MS group, the home-based and hospital-based exercise groups showed significant improvements in terms of the 10-m walking test, Berg Balance Scale (BBS), HADS-A, and MS international Quality of Life (MusiQoL) scores. There was a significant improvement in the hospital-based and a significant deterioration in the home-based MS patients according to HADS-Depression (HADS-D) score. The positive effects of exercises on neurologic and rheumatic chronic inflammatory processes associated with disability should not be underestimated. Ziel der vorliegenden Studie war die Untersuchung der Wirkungen von gymnastischen Übungen auf die psychische Verfassung von Patienten mit Spondylitis ankylosans (AS) und multipler Sklerose (MS). Die Studie umfasste 40 Patienten mit der Diagnose AS, die randomisiert in 2 Übungsgruppen aufgeteilt wurden (Gruppe 1: stationär, Gruppe 2: ambulant), und 40 Patienten mit der Diagnose MS, die ebenfalls randomisiert in 2 Übungsgruppen aufgeteilt wurden (Gruppe 1: stationär, Gruppe 2: ambulant). Vollständig absolviert wurde das Übungsprogramm von 73 Patienten (stationär: 34, ambulant: 39). Das Durchschnittsalter betrug 33,75 ± 5,77 Jahre. Nach dem 8-wöchigen Übungsprogramm in der AS-Gruppe zeigten sich bei der ambulanten Übungsgruppe signifikante Verbesserungen bei der Blutsenkungsgeschwindigkeit (BSG). Die stationäre Übungsgruppe wies signifikante Verbesserungen in Bezug auf den BASMI-Score (Bath AS Metrology Index) und den HADS-A-Score (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale-Anxiety) auf. Nach dem 8-wöchigen Übungsprogramm in der MS-Gruppe zeigten sich sowohl in der ambulanten als auch in der stationären Übungsgruppe signifikante Verbesserungen hinsichtlich des 10-m-Gehtests, des BBS-Ergebnisses (Berg Balance Scale), des HADS-A- sowie des MusiQoL-Scores (MS international Quality of Life). Beim HADS-D-Score (HADS-Depression) bestand eine signifikante Verbesserung bei den stationären und eine signifikante Verschlechterung bei den ambulanten MS-Patienten. Die positiven Wirkungen von gymnastischen Übungen auf neurologische und rheumatische chronisch entzündliche Prozesse mit Behinderung sollten nicht unterschätzt werden.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "66474114bf431f3ee6973ad6469565b2",
"text": "Fault analysis in solar photovoltaic (PV) arrays is a fundamental task to protect PV modules from damage and to eliminate risks of safety hazards. This paper focuses on line–line faults in PV arrays that may be caused by short-circuit faults or double ground faults. The effect on fault current from a maximum-power-point tracking of a PV inverter is discussed and shown to, at times, prevent overcurrent protection devices (OCPDs) to operate properly. Furthermore, fault behavior of PV arrays is highly related to the fault location, fault impedance, irradiance level, and use of blocking diodes. Particularly, this paper examines the challenges to OCPD in a PV array brought by unique faults: One is a fault that occurs under low-irradiance conditions, and the other is a fault that occurs at night and evolves during “night-to-day” transition. In both circumstances, the faults might remain hidden in the PV system, no matter how irradiance changes afterward. These unique faults may subsequently lead to unexpected safety hazards, reduced system efficiency, and reduced reliability. A small-scale experimental PV system has been developed to further validate the conclusions.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "220532757b4a47422b5685577f7f4662",
"text": "In many sequential decision-making problems one is interested in minimizing an expected cumulative cost while taking into account risk, i.e., increased awareness of events of small probability and high consequences. Accordingly, the objective of this paper is to present efficient reinforcement learning algorithms for risk-constrained Markov decision processes (MDPs), where risk is represented via a chance constraint or a constraint on the conditional value-at-risk (CVaR) of the cumulative cost. We collectively refer to such problems as percentile risk-constrained MDPs. Specifically, we first derive a formula for computing the gradient of the Lagrangian function for percentile riskconstrained MDPs. Then, we devise policy gradient and actor-critic algorithms that (1) estimate such gradient, (2) update the policy in the descent direction, and (3) update the Lagrange multiplier in the ascent direction. For these algorithms we prove convergence to locally optimal policies. Finally, we demonstrate the effectiveness of our algorithms in an optimal stopping problem and an online marketing application.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "b15dc135eda3a7c60565142ba7a6ae37",
"text": "We propose a mechanism to reconstruct part annotated 3D point clouds of objects given just a single input image. We demonstrate that jointly training for both reconstruction and segmentation leads to improved performance in both the tasks, when compared to training for each task individually. The key idea is to propagate information from each task so as to aid the other during the training procedure. Towards this end, we introduce a location-aware segmentation loss in the training regime. We empirically show the effectiveness of the proposed loss in generating more faithful part reconstructions while also improving segmentation accuracy. We thoroughly evaluate the proposed approach on different object categories from the ShapeNet dataset to obtain improved results in reconstruction as well as segmentation. Codes are available at https://github.com/val-iisc/3d-psrnet.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "b7f4ad07e6d116df196da9c5be5d2fe8",
"text": "An ego-motion estimation method based on the spatial and Doppler information obtained by an automotive radar is proposed. The estimation of the motion state vector is performed in a density-based framework. Compared to standard vehicle odometry the approach is capable to estimate the full two dimensional motion state with three degrees of freedom. The measurement of a Doppler radar sensor is represented as a mixture of Gaussians. This mixture is matched with the mixture of a previous measurement by applying the appropriate egomotion transformation. The parameters of the transformation are found by the optimization of a suitable join metric. Due to the Doppler information the method is very robust against disturbances by moving objects and clutter. It provides excellent results for highly nonlinear movements. Real world results of the proposed method are presented. The measurements are obtained by a 77GHz radar sensor mounted on a test vehicle. A comparison using a high-precision inertial measurement unit with differential GPS support is made. The results show a high accuracy in velocity and yaw-rate estimation.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "51d29ec1313df001efc78397cf1d4aaa",
"text": "Numerous studies have established that aggregating judgments or predictions across individuals can be surprisingly accurate in a variety of domains, including prediction markets, political polls, game shows, and forecasting (see Surowiecki, 2004). Under Galton’s (1907) conditions of individuals having largely unbiased and independent judgments, the aggregated judgment of a group of individuals is uncontroversially better, on average, than the individual judgments themselves (e.g., Armstrong, 2001; Clemen, 1989; Galton, 1907; Surowiecki, 2004; Winkler, 1971). The boundary conditions of crowd wisdom, however, are not as well-understood. For example, when group members are allowed access to other members’ predictions, as opposed to making them independently, their predictions become more positively correlated and the crowd’s performance can diminish (Lorenz, Rauhut, Schweitzer, & Helbing, 2011). In the context of handicapping sports results, individuals have been found to make systematically biased predictions, so that their aggregated judgments may not be wise (Simmons, Nelson, Galak, & Frederick, 2011). How robust is crowd wisdom to factors such as non-independence and bias of crowd members’ judgments? If the conditions for crowd wisdom are less than ideal, is it better to aggregate judgments or, for instance, rely on a skilled individual judge? Would it be better to add a highly skilled crowd member or a less skilled one who makes systematically different predictions than other members, increasing diversity? We provide a simple, precise definition of the wisdom-of-the-crowd effect and a systematic way to examine its boundary conditions. We define a crowd as wise if a linear aggregate of its members’ judgments of a criterion value has less expected squared error than the judgments of an individual sampled randomly, but not necessarily uniformly, from the crowd. Previous definitions of the wisdom of the crowd effect have largely focused on comparing the crowd’s accuracy to that of the average individual member (Larrick, Mannes, & Soll, 2012). Our definition generalizes prior approaches in a couple of ways. We consider crowds created by any linear aggregate, not just simple averaging. Second, our definition allows the comparison of the crowd to an individual selected according to a distribution that could reflect past individual performance, e.g., their skill, or other attributes. On the basis of our definition, we develop a framework for analyzing crowd wisdom that includes various aggregation and sampling rules. These rules include both weighting the aggregate and sampling the individual according to skill, where skill is operationalized as predictive validity, i.e., the correlation between a judge’s prediction and the criterion. Although the amount of the crowd’s wisdom the expected difference between individual error and crowd error is non-linear in the amount of bias and non-independence of the judgments, our results yield simple and general rules specifying when a simple average will be wise. While a simple average of the crowd is not always wise if individuals are not sampled uniformly at random, we show that there always exists some a priori aggregation rule that makes the crowd wise.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "45ef4e4416a4cf20dec64f30ec584a7a",
"text": "Driving simulators play an important role in the development of new vehicles and advanced driver assistance devices. In fact, on the one hand, having a human driver on a driving simulator allows automotive OEMs to bridge the gap between virtual prototyping and on-road testing during the vehicle development phase. On the other hand, novel driver assistance systems (such as advanced accident avoidance systems) can be safely tested by having the driver operating the vehicle in a virtual, highly realistic environment, while being exposed to hazardous situations. In both applications, it is crucial to faithfully reproduce in the simulator the drivers perception of forces acting on the vehicle and its acceleration. The strategy used to operate the simulator platform within its limited working space to provide the driver with the most realistic perception goes under the name of motion cueing. In this paper we describe a novel approach to motion cueing design that is based on Model Predictive Control techniques. Two features characterize the algorithm, namely, the use of a detailed model of the human vestibular system and a predictive strategy based on the availability of a virtual driver. Differently from classical schemes based on washout filters, such features allows a better implementation of tilt coordination and to handle more efficiently the platform limits.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "8f2cfb5cb55b093f67c1811aba8b87e2",
"text": "“You make what you measure” is a familiar mantra at datadriven companies. Accordingly, companies must be careful to choose North Star metrics that create a better product. Metrics fall into two general categories: direct count metrics such as total revenue and monthly active users, and nuanced quality metrics regarding value or other aspects of the user experience. Count metrics, when used exclusively as the North Star, might inform product decisions that harm user experience. Therefore, quality metrics play an important role in product development. We present a five-step framework for developing quality metrics using a combination of machine learning and product intuition. Machine learning ensures that the metric accurately captures user experience. Product intuition makes the metric interpretable and actionable. Through a case study of the Endorsements product at LinkedIn, we illustrate the danger of optimizing exclusively for count metrics, and showcase the successful application of our framework toward developing a quality metric. We show how the new quality metric has driven significant improvements toward creating a valuable, user-first product.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "d7bd02def0f010016b53e2c41b42df35",
"text": "We utilise smart eyeglasses for dietary monitoring, in particular to sense food chewing. Our approach is based on a 3D-printed regular eyeglasses design that could accommodate processing electronics and Electromyography (EMG) electrodes. Electrode positioning was analysed and an optimal electrode placement at the temples was identified. We further compared gel and dry fabric electrodes. For the subsequent analysis, fabric electrodes were attached to the eyeglasses frame. The eyeglasses were used in a data recording study with eight participants eating different foods. Two chewing cycle detection methods and two food classification algorithms were compared. Detection rates for individual chewing cycles reached a precision and recall of 80%. For five foods, classification accuracy for individual chewing cycles varied between 43% and 71%. Majority voting across intake sequences improved accuracy, ranging between 63% and 84%. We concluded that EMG-based chewing analysis using smart eyeglasses can contribute essential chewing structure information to dietary monitoring systems, while the eyeglasses remain inconspicuous and thus could be continuously used.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "78f8d28f4b20abbac3ad848033bb088b",
"text": "Many real-world applications involve multilabel classification, in which the labels are organized in the form of a tree or directed acyclic graph (DAG). However, current research efforts typically ignore the label dependencies or can only exploit the dependencies in tree-structured hierarchies. In this paper, we present a novel hierarchical multilabel classification algorithm which can be used on both treeand DAG-structured hierarchies. The key idea is to formulate the search for the optimal consistent multi-label as the finding of the best subgraph in a tree/DAG. Using a simple greedy strategy, the proposed algorithm is computationally efficient, easy to implement, does not suffer from the problem of insufficient/skewed training data in classifier training, and can be readily used on large hierarchies. Theoretical results guarantee the optimality of the obtained solution. Experiments are performed on a large number of functional genomics data sets. The proposed method consistently outperforms the state-of-the-art method on both treeand DAG-structured hierarchies.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "231d8ef95d02889d70000d70d8743004",
"text": "Last decade witnessed a lot of research in the field of sentiment analysis. Understanding the attitude and the emotions that people express in written text proved to be really important and helpful in sociology, political science, psychology, market research, and, of course, artificial intelligence. This paper demonstrates a rule-based approach to clause-level sentiment analysis of reviews in Ukrainian. The general architecture of the implemented sentiment analysis system is presented, the current stage of research is described and further work is explained. The main emphasis is made on the design of rules for computing sentiments.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "c28ee3a41d05654eedfd379baf2d5f24",
"text": "The problem of classifying subjects into disease categories is of common occurrence in medical research. Machine learning tools such as Artificial Neural Network (ANN), Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Logistic Regression (LR) and Fisher’s Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) are widely used in the areas of prediction and classification. The main objective of these competing classification strategies is to predict a dichotomous outcome (e.g. disease/healthy) based on several features.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "fee504e2184570e80956ff1c8a4ec83c",
"text": "The use of computed tomography (CT) in clinical practice has been increasing rapidly, with the number of CT examinations performed in adults and children rising by 10% per year in England. Because the radiology community strives to reduce the radiation dose associated with pediatric examinations, external factors, including guidelines for pediatric head injury, are raising expectations for use of cranial CT in the pediatric population. Thus, radiologists are increasingly likely to encounter pediatric head CT examinations in daily practice. The variable appearance of cranial sutures at different ages can be confusing for inexperienced readers of radiologic images. The evolution of multidetector CT with thin-section acquisition increases the clarity of some of these sutures, which may be misinterpreted as fractures. Familiarity with the normal anatomy of the pediatric skull, how it changes with age, and normal variants can assist in translating the increased resolution of multidetector CT into more accurate detection of fractures and confident determination of normality, thereby reducing prolonged hospitalization of children with normal developmental structures that have been misinterpreted as fractures. More important, the potential morbidity and mortality related to false-negative interpretation of fractures as normal sutures may be avoided. The authors describe the normal anatomy of all standard pediatric sutures, common variants, and sutural mimics, thereby providing an accurate and safe framework for CT evaluation of skull trauma in pediatric patients.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "f94385118e9fca123bae28093b288723",
"text": "One of the major restrictions on the performance of videobased person re-id is partial noise caused by occlusion, blur and illumination. Since different spatial regions of a single frame have various quality, and the quality of the same region also varies across frames in a tracklet, a good way to address the problem is to effectively aggregate complementary information from all frames in a sequence, using better regions from other frames to compensate the influence of an image region with poor quality. To achieve this, we propose a novel Region-based Quality Estimation Network (RQEN), in which an ingenious training mechanism enables the effective learning to extract the complementary region-based information between different frames. Compared with other feature extraction methods, we achieved comparable results of 92.4%, 76.1% and 77.83% on the PRID 2011, iLIDS-VID and MARS, respectively. In addition, to alleviate the lack of clean large-scale person re-id datasets for the community, this paper also contributes a new high-quality dataset, named “Labeled Pedestrian in the Wild (LPW)” which contains 7,694 tracklets with over 590,000 images. Despite its relatively large scale, the annotations also possess high cleanliness. Moreover, it’s more challenging in the following aspects: the age of characters varies from childhood to elderhood; the postures of people are diverse, including running and cycling in addition to the normal walking state.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "78b874393739daa623724efad75cb97d",
"text": "Building curious machines that can answer as well as ask questions is an important challenge for AI. The two tasks of question answering and question generation are usually tackled separately in the NLP literature. At the same time, both require significant amounts of supervised data which is hard to obtain in many domains. To alleviate these issues, we propose a self-training method for jointly learning to ask as well as answer questions, leveraging unlabeled text along with labeled question answer pairs for learning. We evaluate our approach on four benchmark datasets: SQUAD, MS MARCO, WikiQA and TrecQA, and show significant improvements over a number of established baselines on both question answering and question generation tasks. We also achieved new state-of-the-art results on two competitive answer sentence selection tasks: WikiQA and TrecQA.",
"title": ""
}
] | scidocsrr |
b4fdf378ed0e152b0ad8c7e77967f38f | Towards intelligent lower limb wearable robots: Challenges and perspectives - State of the art | [
{
"docid": "b2199b7be543f0f287e0cbdb7a477843",
"text": "We developed a pneumatically powered orthosis for the human ankle joint. The orthosis consisted of a carbon fiber shell, hinge joint, and two artificial pneumatic muscles. One artificial pneumatic muscle provided plantar flexion torque and the second one provided dorsiflexion torque. Computer software adjusted air pressure in each artificial muscle independently so that artificial muscle force was proportional to rectified low-pass-filtered electromyography (EMG) amplitude (i.e., proportional myoelectric control). Tibialis anterior EMG activated the artificial dorsiflexor and soleus EMG activated the artificial plantar flexor. We collected joint kinematic and artificial muscle force data as one healthy participant walked on a treadmill with the orthosis. Peak plantar flexor torque provided by the orthosis was 70 Nm, and peak dorsiflexor torque provided by the orthosis was 38 Nm. The orthosis could be useful for basic science studies on human locomotion or possibly for gait rehabilitation after neurological injury.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "69b1c87a06b1d83fd00d9764cdadc2e9",
"text": "Sarcos Research Corporation, and the Center for Engineering Design at the University of Utah, have long been interested in both the fundamental and the applied aspects of robots and other computationally driven machines. We have produced substantial numbers of systems that function as products for commercial applications, and as advanced research tools specifically designed for experimental",
"title": ""
}
] | [
{
"docid": "38c78be386aa3827f39825f9e40aa3cc",
"text": "Back Side Illumination (BSI) CMOS image sensors with two-layer photo detectors (2LPDs) have been fabricated and evaluated. The test pixel array has green pixels (2.2um x 2.2um) and a magenta pixel (2.2um x 4.4um). The green pixel has a single-layer photo detector (1LPD). The magenta pixel has a 2LPD and a vertical charge transfer (VCT) path to contact a back side photo detector. The 2LPD and the VCT were implemented by high-energy ion implantation from the circuit side. Measured spectral response curves from the 2LPDs fitted well with those estimated based on lightabsorption theory for Silicon detectors. Our measurement results show that the keys to realize the 2LPD in BSI are; (1) the reduction of crosstalk to the VCT from adjacent pixels and (2) controlling the backside photo detector thickness variance to reduce color signal variations.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "88077fe7ce2ad4a3c3052a988f9f96c1",
"text": "When collecting patient-level resource use data for statistical analysis, for some patients and in some categories of resource use, the required count will not be observed. Although this problem must arise in most reported economic evaluations containing patient-level data, it is rare for authors to detail how the problem was overcome. Statistical packages may default to handling missing data through a so-called 'complete case analysis', while some recent cost-analyses have appeared to favour an 'available case' approach. Both of these methods are problematic: complete case analysis is inefficient and is likely to be biased; available case analysis, by employing different numbers of observations for each resource use item, generates severe problems for standard statistical inference. Instead we explore imputation methods for generating 'replacement' values for missing data that will permit complete case analysis using the whole data set and we illustrate these methods using two data sets that had incomplete resource use information.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "80de1fba41f93953ea21a517065f8ca8",
"text": "This paper presents the kinematic calibration of a novel 7-degree-of-freedom (DOF) cable-driven robotic arm (CDRA), aimed at improving its absolute positioning accuracy. This CDRA consists of three 'self-calibrated' cable-driven parallel mechanism (CDPM) modules. In order to account for any kinematic errors that might arise when assembling the individual CDPMs, a calibration model is formulated based on the local product-of-exponential formula and the measurement residues in the tool-tip frame poses. An iterative least-squares algorithm is employed to identify the errors in the fixed transformation frames of the sequentially assembled 'self- calibrated' CDPM modules. Both computer simulations and experimental studies were carried out to verify the robustness and effectiveness of the proposed calibration algorithm. From the experimental studies, errors in the fixed kinematic transformation frames were precisely recovered after a minimum of 15 pose measurements.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "8bed049baa03a11867b0205e16402d0e",
"text": "The paper investigates potential bias in awards of player disciplinary sanctions, in the form of cautions (yellow cards) and dismissals (red cards) by referees in the English Premier League and the German Bundesliga. Previous studies of behaviour of soccer referees have not adequately incorporated within-game information.Descriptive statistics from our samples clearly show that home teams receive fewer yellow and red cards than away teams. These differences may be wrongly interpreted as evidence of bias where the modeller has failed to include withingame events such as goals scored and recent cards issued.What appears as referee favouritism may actually be excessive and illegal aggressive behaviour by players in teams that are behind in score. We deal with these issues by using a minute-by-minute bivariate probit analysis of yellow and red cards issued in games over six seasons in the two leagues. The significance of a variable to denote the difference in score at the time of sanction suggests that foul play that is induced by a losing position is an important influence on the award of yellow and red cards. Controlling for various pre-game and within-game variables, we find evidence that is indicative of home team favouritism induced by crowd pressure: in Germany home teams with running tracks in their stadia attract more yellow and red cards than teams playing in stadia with less distance between the crowd and the pitch. Separating the competing teams in matches by favourite and underdog status, as perceived by the betting market, yields further evidence, this time for both leagues, that the source of home teams receiving fewer cards is not just that they are disproportionately often the favoured team and disproportionately ahead in score.Thus there is evidence that is consistent with pure referee bias in relative treatments of home and away teams.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "e754c7c7821703ad298d591a3f7a3105",
"text": "The rapid growth in the population density in urban cities and the advancement in technology demands real-time provision of services and infrastructure. Citizens, especially travelers, want to be reached within time to the destination. Consequently, they require to be facilitated with smart and real-time traffic information depending on the current traffic scenario. Therefore, in this paper, we proposed a graph-oriented mechanism to achieve the smart transportation system in the city. We proposed to deploy road sensors to get the overall traffic information as well as the vehicular network to obtain location and speed information of the individual vehicle. These Internet of Things (IoT) based networks generate enormous volume of data, termed as Big Data, depicting the traffic information of the city. To process incoming Big Data from IoT devices, then generating big graphs from the data, and processing them, we proposed an efficient architecture that uses the Giraph tool with parallel processing servers to achieve real-time efficiency. Later, various graph algorithms are used to achieve smart transportation by making real-time intelligent decisions to facilitate the citizens as well as the metropolitan authorities. Vehicular Datasets from various reliable resources representing the real city traffic are used for analysis and evaluation purpose. The system is implemented using Giraph and Spark tool at the top of the Hadoop parallel nodes to generate and process graphs with near real-time. Moreover, the system is evaluated in terms of efficiency by considering the system throughput and processing time. The results show that the proposed system is more scalable and efficient.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "96055f0e41d62dc0ef318772fa6d6d9f",
"text": "Building Information Modeling (BIM) has rapidly grown from merely being a three-dimensional (3D) model of a facility to serving as “a shared knowledge resource for information about a facility, forming a reliable basis for decisions during its life cycle from inception onward” [1]. BIM with three primary spatial dimensions (width, height, and depth) becomes 4D BIM when time (construction scheduling information) is added, and 5D BIM when cost information is added to it. Although the sixth dimension of the 6D BIM is often attributed to asset information useful for Facility Management (FM) processes, there is no agreement in the research literature on what each dimension represents beyond the fifth dimension [2]. BIM ultimately seeks to digitize the different stages of a building lifecycle such as planning, design, construction, and operation such that consistent digital information of a building project can be used by stakeholders throughout the building life-cycle [3]. The United States National Building Information Model Standard (NBIMS) initially characterized BIMs as digital representations of physical and functional aspects of a facility. But, in the most recent version released in July 2015, the NBIMS’ definition of BIM includes three separate but linked functions, namely business process, digital representation, and organization and control [4]. A number of national-level initiatives are underway in various countries to formally encourage the adoption of BIM technologies in the Architecture, Engineering, and Construction (AEC) and FM industries. Building SMART, with 18 chapters across the globe, including USA, UK, Australasia, etc., was established in 1995 with the aim of developing and driving the active use of open internationally-recognized standards to support the wider adoption of BIM across the building and infrastructure sectors [5]. The UK BIM Task Group, with experts from industry, government, public sector, institutes, and academia, is committed to facilitate the implementation of ‘collaborative 3D BIM’, a UK Government Construction Strategy initiative [6]. Similarly, the EUBIM Task Group was started with a vision to foster the common use of BIM in public works and produce a handbook containing the common BIM principles, guidance and practices for public contracting entities and policy makers [7].",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "13cfc33bd8611b3baaa9be37ea9d627e",
"text": "Some of the more difficult to define aspects of the therapeutic process (empathy, compassion, presence) remain some of the most important. Teaching them presents a challenge for therapist trainees and educators alike. In this study, we examine our beginning practicum students' experience of learning mindfulness meditation as a way to help them develop therapeutic presence. Through thematic analysis of their journal entries a variety of themes emerged, including the effects of meditation practice, the ability to be present, balancing being and doing modes in therapy, and the development of acceptance and compassion for themselves and for their clients. Our findings suggest that mindfulness meditation may be a useful addition to clinical training.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "f0d3ab8a530d7634149a5c29fa8bfe1b",
"text": "In this paper, a novel broadband dual-polarized (slant ±45°) base station antenna element operating at 790–960 MHz is proposed. The antenna element consists of two pairs of symmetrical dipoles, four couples of baluns, a cricoid pedestal and two kinds of plastic fasteners. Specific shape metal reflector is also designed to achieve stable radiation pattern and high front-to-back ratio (FBR). All the simulated and measured results show that the proposed antenna element has wide impedance bandwidth (about 19.4%), low voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR < 1.4) and high port to port isolation (S21 < −25 dB) at the whole operating frequency band. Stable horizontal half-power beam width (HPBW) with 65°±4.83° and high gain (> 9.66 dBi) are also achieved. The proposed antenna element fabricated by integrated metal casting technology has great mechanical properties such as compact structure, low profile, good stability, light weight and easy to fabricate. Due to its good electrical and mechanical characteristics, the antenna element is suitable for European Digital Dividend, CDMA800 and GSM900 bands in base station antenna of modern mobile communication.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "60d6869cadebea71ef549bb2a7d7e5c3",
"text": "BACKGROUND\nAcne is a common condition seen in up to 80% of people between 11 and 30 years of age and in up to 5% of older adults. In some patients, it can result in permanent scars that are surprisingly difficult to treat. A relatively new treatment, termed skin needling (needle dermabrasion), seems to be appropriate for the treatment of rolling scars in acne.\n\n\nAIM\nTo confirm the usefulness of skin needling in acne scarring treatment.\n\n\nMETHODS\nThe present study was conducted from September 2007 to March 2008 at the Department of Systemic Pathology, University of Naples Federico II and the UOC Dermatology Unit, University of Rome La Sapienza. In total, 32 patients (20 female, 12 male patients; age range 17-45) with acne rolling scars were enrolled. Each patient was treated with a specific tool in two sessions. Using digital cameras, photos of all patients were taken to evaluate scar depth and, in five patients, silicone rubber was used to make a microrelief impression of the scars. The photographic data were analysed by using the sign test statistic (alpha < 0.05) and the data from the cutaneous casts were analysed by fast Fourier transformation (FFT).\n\n\nRESULTS\nAnalysis of the patient photographs, supported by the sign test and of the degree of irregularity of the surface microrelief, supported by FFT, showed that, after only two sessions, the severity grade of rolling scars in all patients was greatly reduced and there was an overall aesthetic improvement. No patient showed any visible signs of the procedure or hyperpigmentation.\n\n\nCONCLUSION\nThe present study confirms that skin needling has an immediate effect in improving acne rolling scars and has advantages over other procedures.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "d9123053892ce671665a3a4a1694a57c",
"text": "Visual perceptual learning (VPL) is defined as a long-term improvement in performance on a visual task. In recent years, the idea that conscious effort is necessary for VPL to occur has been challenged by research suggesting the involvement of more implicit processing mechanisms, such as reinforcement-driven processing and consolidation. In addition, we have learnt much about the neural substrates of VPL and it has become evident that changes in visual areas and regions beyond the visual cortex can take place during VPL.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "7677b67bd95f05c2e4c87022c3caa938",
"text": "The semi-supervised learning usually only predict labels for unlabeled data appearing in training data, and cannot effectively predict labels for testing data never appearing in training set. To handle this outof-sample problem, many inductive methods make a constraint such that the predicted label matrix should be exactly equal to a linear model. In practice, this constraint is too rigid to capture the manifold structure of data. Motivated by this deficiency, we relax the rigid linear embedding constraint and propose to use an elastic embedding constraint on the predicted label matrix such that the manifold structure can be better explored. To solve our new objective and also a more general optimization problem, we study a novel adaptive loss with efficient optimization algorithm. Our new adaptive loss minimization method takes the advantages of both L1 norm and L2 norm, and is robust to the data outlier under Laplacian distribution and can efficiently learn the normal data under Gaussian distribution. Experiments have been performed on image classification tasks and our approach outperforms other state-of-the-art methods.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "3646b64ac400c12f9c9c4f8ba4f53591",
"text": "Cerebral organoids recapitulate human brain development at a considerable level of detail, even in the absence of externally added signaling factors. The patterning events driving this self-organization are currently unknown. Here, we examine the developmental and differentiative capacity of cerebral organoids. Focusing on forebrain regions, we demonstrate the presence of a variety of discrete ventral and dorsal regions. Clearing and subsequent 3D reconstruction of entire organoids reveal that many of these regions are interconnected, suggesting that the entire range of dorso-ventral identities can be generated within continuous neuroepithelia. Consistent with this, we demonstrate the presence of forebrain organizing centers that express secreted growth factors, which may be involved in dorso-ventral patterning within organoids. Furthermore, we demonstrate the timed generation of neurons with mature morphologies, as well as the subsequent generation of astrocytes and oligodendrocytes. Our work provides the methodology and quality criteria for phenotypic analysis of brain organoids and shows that the spatial and temporal patterning events governing human brain development can be recapitulated in vitro.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "4db29a3fd1f1101c3949d3270b15ef07",
"text": "Human goal-directed action emerges from the interaction between stimulus-driven sensorimotor online systems and slower-working control systems that relate highly processed perceptual information to the construction of goal-related action plans. This distribution of labor requires the acquisition of enduring action representations; that is, of memory traces which capture the main characteristics of successful actions and their consequences. It is argued here that these traces provide the building blocks for off-line prospective action planning, which renders the search through stored action representations an essential part of action control. Hence, action planning requires cognitive search (through possible options) and might have led to the evolution of cognitive search routines that humans have learned to employ for other purposes as well, such as searching for perceptual events and through memory. Thus, what is commonly considered to represent different types of search operations may all have evolved from action planning and share the same characteristics. Evidence is discussed which suggests that all types of cognitive search—be it in searching for perceptual events, for suitable actions, or through memory—share the characteristic of following a fi xed sequence of cognitive operations: divergent search followed by convergent search.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "7c295cb178e58298b1f60f5a829118fd",
"text": "A dual-band 0.92/2.45 GHz circularly-polarized (CP) unidirectional antenna using the wideband dual-feed network, two orthogonally positioned asymmetric H-shape slots, and two stacked concentric annular-ring patches is proposed for RF identification (RFID) applications. The measurement result shows that the antenna achieves the impedance bandwidths of 15.4% and 41.9%, the 3-dB axial-ratio (AR) bandwidths of 4.3% and 21.5%, and peak gains of 7.2 dBic and 8.2 dBic at 0.92 and 2.45 GHz bands, respectively. Moreover, the antenna provides stable symmetrical radiation patterns and wide-angle 3-dB AR beamwidths in both lower and higher bands for unidirectional wide-coverage RFID reader applications. Above all, the dual-band CP unidirectional patch antenna presented is beneficial to dual-band RFID system on configuration, implementation, as well as cost reduction.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "ba4d30e7ea09d84f8f7d96c426e50f34",
"text": "Submission instructions: These questions require thought but do not require long answers. Please be as concise as possible. You should submit your answers as a writeup in PDF format via GradeScope and code via the Snap submission site. Submitting writeup: Prepare answers to the homework questions into a single PDF file and submit it via http://gradescope.com. Make sure that the answer to each question is on a separate page. On top of each page write the number of the question you are answering. Please find the cover sheet and the recommended templates located here: Not including the cover sheet in your submission will result in a 2-point penalty. It is also important to tag your answers correctly on Gradescope. We will deduct 5/N points for each incorrectly tagged subproblem (where N is the number of subproblems). This means you can lose up to 5 points for incorrect tagging. Put all the code for a single question into a single file and upload it. Consider a user-item bipartite graph where each edge in the graph between user U to item I, indicates that user U likes item I. We also represent the ratings matrix for this set of users and items as R, where each row in R corresponds to a user and each column corresponds to an item. If user i likes item j, then R i,j = 1, otherwise R i,j = 0. Also assume we have m users and n items, so matrix R is m × n.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "c695f74a41412606e31c771ec9d2b6d3",
"text": "Osteochondrosis dissecans (OCD) is a form of osteochondrosis limited to the articular epiphysis. The most commonly affected areas include, in decreasing order of frequency, the femoral condyles, talar dome and capitellum of the humerus. OCD rarely occurs in the shoulder joint, where it involves either the humeral head or the glenoid. The purpose of this report is to present a case with glenoid cavity osteochondritis dissecans and clinical and radiological outcome after arthroscopic debridement. The patient underwent arthroscopy to remove the loose body and to microfracture the cavity. The patient was followed-up for 4 years and she is pain-free with full range of motion and a stable shoulder joint.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "678ef706d4cb1c35f6b3d82bf25a4aa7",
"text": "This article is an extremely rapid survey of the modern theory of partial differential equations (PDEs). Sources of PDEs are legion: mathematical physics, geometry, probability theory, continuum mechanics, optimization theory, etc. Indeed, most of the fundamental laws of the physical sciences are partial differential equations and most papers published in applied math concern PDEs. The following discussion is consequently very broad, but also very shallow, and will certainly be inadequate for any given PDE the reader may care about. The goal is rather to highlight some of the many key insights and unifying principles across the entire subject.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "db190bb0cf83071b6e19c43201f92610",
"text": "In this paper, a MATLAB based simulation of Grid connected PV system is presented. The main components of this simulation are PV solar panel, Boost converter; Maximum Power Point Tracking System (MPPT) and Grid Connected PV inverter with closed loop control system is designed and simulated. A simulation studies is carried out in different solar radiation level.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "ac156d7b3069ff62264bd704b7b8dfc9",
"text": "Rynes, Colbert, and Brown (2002) presented the following statement to 959 members of the Society for Human Resource Management (SHRM): “Surveys that directly ask employees how important pay is to them are likely to overestimate pay’s true importance in actual decisions” (p. 158). If our interpretation (and that of Rynes et al.) of the research literature is accurate, then the correct true-false answer to the above statement is “false.” In other words, people are more likely to underreport than to overreport the importance of pay as a motivational factor in most situations. Put another way, research suggests that pay is much more important in people’s actual choices and behaviors than it is in their self-reports of what motivates them, much like the cartoon viewers mentioned in the quote above. Yet, only 35% of the respondents in the Rynes et al. study answered in a way consistent with research findings (i.e., chose “false”). Our objective in this article is to show that employee surveys regarding the importance of various factors in motivation generally produce results that are inconsistent with studies of actual employee behavior. In particular, we focus on well-documented findings that employees tend to say that pay THE IMPORTANCE OF PAY IN EMPLOYEE MOTIVATION: DISCREPANCIES BETWEEN WHAT PEOPLE SAY AND WHAT THEY DO",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "5008ecf234a3449f524491de04b7868c",
"text": "Cross-domain recommendations are currently available in closed, proprietary social networking ecosystems such as Facebook, Twitter and Google+. I propose an open framework as an alternative, which enables cross-domain recommendations with domain-agnostic user profiles modeled as semantic interest graphs. This novel framework covers all parts of a recommender system. It includes an architecture for privacy-enabled profile exchange, a distributed and domain-agnostic user model and a cross-domain recommendation algorithm. This enables users to receive recommendations for a target domain (e.g. food) based on any kind of previous interests.",
"title": ""
}
] | scidocsrr |
c07287090c74ba660018576f21d102d7 | How competitive are you: Analysis of people's attractiveness in an online dating system | [
{
"docid": "9efa0ff0743edacc4e9421ed45441fde",
"text": "Perception of universal facial beauty has long been debated amongst psychologists and anthropologists. In this paper, we perform experiments to evaluate the extent of universal beauty by surveying a number of diverse human referees to grade a collection of female facial images. Results obtained show that there exists a strong central tendency in the human grades, thus exhibiting agreement on beauty assessment. We then trained an automated classifier using the average human grades as the ground truth and used it to classify an independent test set of facial images. The high accuracy achieved proves that this classifier can be used as a general, automated tool for objective classification of female facial beauty. Potential applications exist in the entertainment industry, cosmetic industry, virtual media, and plastic surgery.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "4f8fea97733000d58f2ff229c85aeaa0",
"text": "Online dating sites have become popular platforms for people to look for potential romantic partners. Many online dating sites provide recommendations on compatible partners based on their proprietary matching algorithms. It is important that not only the recommended dates match the user’s preference or criteria, but also the recommended users are interested in the user and likely to reciprocate when contacted. The goal of this paper is to predict whether an initial contact message from a user will be replied to by the receiver. The study is based on a large scale real-world dataset obtained from a major dating site in China with more than sixty million registered users. We formulate our reply prediction as a link prediction problem of social networks and approach it using a machine learning framework. The availability of a large amount of user profile information and the bipartite nature of the dating network present unique opportunities and challenges to the reply prediction problem. We extract user-based features from user profiles and graph-based features from the bipartite dating network, apply them in a variety of classification algorithms, and compare the utility of the features and performance of the classifiers. Our results show that the user-based and graph-based features result in similar performance, and can be used to effectively predict the reciprocal links. Only a small performance gain is achieved when both feature sets are used. Among the five classifiers we considered, random forests method outperforms the other four algorithms (naive Bayes, logistic regression, KNN, and SVM). Our methods and results can provide valuable guidelines to the design and performance of recommendation engine for online dating sites.",
"title": ""
}
] | [
{
"docid": "3fbb2bb37f44cb8f300fd28cdbd8bc06",
"text": "The synapse is a crucial element in biological neural networks, but a simple electronic equivalent has been absent. This complicates the development of hardware that imitates biological architectures in the nervous system. Now, the recent progress in the experimental realization of memristive devices has renewed interest in artificial neural networks. The resistance of a memristive system depends on its past states and exactly this functionality can be used to mimic the synaptic connections in a (human) brain. After a short introduction to memristors, we present and explain the relevant mechanisms in a biological neural network, such as long-term potentiation and spike time-dependent plasticity, and determine the minimal requirements for an artificial neural network. We review the implementations of these processes using basic electric circuits and more complex mechanisms that either imitate biological systems or could act as a model system for them. (Some figures may appear in colour only in the online journal)",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "3567af18bc17efdb0efeb41d08fabb7b",
"text": "In this review we examine recent research in the area of motivation in mathematics education and discuss findings from research perspectives in this domain. We note consistencies across research perspectives that suggest a set of generalizable conclusions about the contextual factors, cognitive processes, and benefits of interventions that affect students’ and teachers’ motivational attitudes. Criticisms are leveled concerning the lack of theoretical guidance driving the conduct and interpretation of the majority of studies in the field. Few researchers have attempted to extend current theories of motivation in ways that are consistent with the current research on learning and classroom discourse. In particular, researchers interested in studying motivation in the content domain of school mathematics need to examine the relationship that exists between mathematics as a socially constructed field and students’ desire to achieve.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "6e82e635682cf87a84463f01c01a1d33",
"text": "Finger veins have been proved to be an effective biometric for personal identification in the recent years. However, finger vein images are easily affected by influences such as image translation, orientation, scale, scattering, finger structure, complicated background, uneven illumination, and collection posture. All these factors may contribute to inaccurate region of interest (ROI) definition, and so degrade the performance of finger vein identification system. To improve this problem, in this paper, we propose a finger vein ROI localization method that has high effectiveness and robustness against the above factors. The proposed method consists of a set of steps to localize ROIs accurately, namely segmentation, orientation correction, and ROI detection. Accurate finger region segmentation and correct calculated orientation can support each other to produce higher accuracy in localizing ROIs. Extensive experiments have been performed on the finger vein image database, MMCBNU_6000, to verify the robustness of the proposed method. The proposed method shows the segmentation accuracy of 100%. Furthermore, the average processing time of the proposed method is 22 ms for an acquired image, which satisfies the criterion of a real-time finger vein identification system.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "6e60d6b878c35051ab939a03bdd09574",
"text": "We propose a new CNN-CRF end-to-end learning framework, which is based on joint stochastic optimization with respect to both Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and Conditional Random Field (CRF) parameters. While stochastic gradient descent is a standard technique for CNN training, it was not used for joint models so far. We show that our learning method is (i) general, i.e. it applies to arbitrary CNN and CRF architectures and potential functions; (ii) scalable, i.e. it has a low memory footprint and straightforwardly parallelizes on GPUs; (iii) easy in implementation. Additionally, the unified CNN-CRF optimization approach simplifies a potential hardware implementation. We empirically evaluate our method on the task of semantic labeling of body parts in depth images and show that it compares favorably to competing techniques.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "049def2d879d0b873132660b0b856443",
"text": "This report explores the relationship between narcissism and unethical conduct in an organization by answering two questions: (1) In what ways does narcissism affect an organization?, and (2) What is the relationship between narcissism and the financial industry? Research suggests the overall conclusion that narcissistic individuals directly influence the identity of an organization and how it behaves. Ways to address these issues are shown using Enron as a case study example.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "d835cb852c482c2b7e14f9af4a5a1141",
"text": "This paper investigates the effectiveness of state-of-the-art classification algorithms to categorise road vehicles for an urban traffic monitoring system using a multi-shape descriptor. The analysis is applied to monocular video acquired from a static pole-mounted road side CCTV camera on a busy street. Manual vehicle segmentation was used to acquire a large (>2000 sample) database of labelled vehicles from which a set of measurement-based features (MBF) in combination with a pyramid of HOG (histogram of orientation gradients, both edge and intensity based) features. These are used to classify the objects into four main vehicle categories: car, van, bus and motorcycle. Results are presented for a number of experiments that were conducted to compare support vector machines (SVM) and random forests (RF) classifiers. 10-fold cross validation has been used to evaluate the performance of the classification methods. The results demonstrate that all methods achieve a recognition rate above 95% on the dataset, with SVM consistently outperforming RF. A combination of MBF and IPHOG features gave the best performance of 99.78%.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "9f530b42ae19ddcf52efa41272b2dbc7",
"text": "Learning-based methods for appearance-based gaze estimation achieve state-of-the-art performance in challenging real-world settings but require large amounts of labelled training data. Learningby-synthesis was proposed as a promising solution to this problem but current methods are limited with respect to speed, the appearance variability as well as the head pose and gaze angle distribution they can synthesize. We present UnityEyes, a novel method to rapidly synthesize large amounts of variable eye region images as training data. Our method combines a novel generative 3D model of the human eye region with a real-time rendering framework. The model is based on high-resolution 3D face scans and uses realtime approximations for complex eyeball materials and structures as well as novel anatomically inspired procedural geometry methods for eyelid animation. We show that these synthesized images can be used to estimate gaze in difficult in-the-wild scenarios, even for extreme gaze angles or in cases in which the pupil is fully occluded. We also demonstrate competitive gaze estimation results on a benchmark in-the-wild dataset, despite only using a light-weight nearest-neighbor algorithm. We are making our UnityEyes synthesis framework freely available online for the benefit of the research community.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "759a19f60890a11e7e460aecd7bb6477",
"text": "The stiff man syndrome (SMS) and its variants, focal SMS, stiff limb (or leg) syndrome (SLS), jerking SMS, and progressive encephalomyelitis with rigidity and myoclonus (PERM), appear to occur more frequently than hitherto thought. A characteristic ensemble of symptoms and signs allows a tentative clinical diagnosis. Supportive ancillary findings include (1) the demonstration of continuous muscle activity in trunk and proximal limb muscles despite attempted relaxation, (2) enhanced exteroceptive reflexes, and (3) antibodies to glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) in both serum and spinal fluid. Antibodies to GAD are not diagnostic or specific for SMS and the role of these autoantibodies in the pathogenesis of SMS/SLS/PERM is the subject of debate and difficult to reconcile on the basis of our present knowledge. Nevertheless, evidence is emerging to suggest that SMS/SLS/PERM are manifestations of an immune-mediated chronic encephalomyelitis and immunomodulation is an effective therapeutic approach.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "5ca5cfcd0ed34d9b0033977e9cde2c74",
"text": "We study the impact of regulation on competition between brand-names and generics and pharmaceutical expenditures using a unique policy experiment in Norway, where reference pricing (RP) replaced price cap regulation in 2003 for a sub-sample of o¤-patent products. First, we construct a vertical di¤erentiation model to analyze the impact of regulation on prices and market shares of brand-names and generics. Then, we exploit a detailed panel data set at product level covering several o¤-patent molecules before and after the policy reform. O¤-patent drugs not subject to RP serve as our control group. We
nd that RP signi
cantly reduces both brand-name and generic prices, and results in signi
cantly lower brand-name market shares. Finally, we show that RP has a strong negative e¤ect on average molecule prices, suggesting signi
cant cost-savings, and that patients copayments decrease despite the extra surcharges under RP. Key words: Pharmaceuticals; Regulation; Generic Competition JEL Classi
cations: I11; I18; L13; L65 We thank David Bardey, Øivind Anti Nilsen, Frode Steen, and two anonymous referees for valuable comments and suggestions. We also thank the Norwegian Research Council, Health Economics Bergen (HEB) for
nancial support. Corresponding author. Department of Economics and Health Economics Bergen, Norwegian School of Economics and Business Administration, Helleveien 30, N-5045 Bergen, Norway. E-mail: kurt.brekke@nhh.no. Uni Rokkan Centre, Health Economics Bergen, Nygårdsgaten 5, N-5015 Bergen, Norway. E-mail: tor.holmas@uni.no. Department of Economics/NIPE, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; and University of Bergen (Economics), Norway. E-mail: o.r.straume@eeg.uminho.pt.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "00c17123df0fa10f0d405b4d0c9dfad0",
"text": "Touchless hand gesture recognition systems are becoming important in automotive user interfaces as they improve safety and comfort. Various computer vision algorithms have employed color and depth cameras for hand gesture recognition, but robust classification of gestures from different subjects performed under widely varying lighting conditions is still challenging. We propose an algorithm for drivers’ hand gesture recognition from challenging depth and intensity data using 3D convolutional neural networks. Our solution combines information from multiple spatial scales for the final prediction. It also employs spatiotemporal data augmentation for more effective training and to reduce potential overfitting. Our method achieves a correct classification rate of 77.5% on the VIVA challenge dataset.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "8f7428569e1d3036cdf4842d48b56c22",
"text": "This paper describes a unified model for role-based access control (RBAC). RBAC is a proven technology for large-scale authorization. However, lack of a standard model results in uncertainty and confusion about its utility and meaning. The NIST model seeks to resolve this situation by unifying ideas from prior RBAC models, commercial products and research prototypes. It is intended to serve as a foundation for developing future standards. RBAC is a rich and open-ended technology which is evolving as users, researchers and vendors gain experience with it. The NIST model focuses on those aspects of RBAC for which consensus is available. It is organized into four levels of increasing functional capabilities called flat RBAC, hierarchical RBAC, constrained RBAC and symmetric RBAC. These levels are cumulative and each adds exactly one new requirement. An alternate approach comprising flat and hierarchical RBAC in an ordered sequence and two unordered features—constraints and symmetry—is also presented. The paper furthermore identifies important attributes of RBAC not included in the NIST model. Some are not suitable for inclusion in a consensus document. Others require further work and agreement before standardization is feasible.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "895f0424cb71c79b86ecbd11a4f2eb8e",
"text": "A chronic alcoholic who had also been submitted to partial gastrectomy developed a syndrome of continuous motor unit activity responsive to phenytoin therapy. There were signs of minimal distal sensorimotor polyneuropathy. Symptoms of the syndrome of continuous motor unit activity were fasciculation, muscle stiffness, myokymia, impaired muscular relaxation and percussion myotonia. Electromyography at rest showed fasciculation, doublets, triplets, multiplets, trains of repetitive discharges and myotonic discharges. Trousseau's and Chvostek's signs were absent. No abnormality of serum potassium, calcium, magnesium, creatine kinase, alkaline phosphatase, arterial blood gases and pH were demonstrated, but the serum Vitamin B12 level was reduced. The electrophysiological findings and muscle biopsy were compatible with a mixed sensorimotor polyneuropathy. Tests of neuromuscular transmission showed a significant decrement in the amplitude of the evoked muscle action potential in the abductor digiti minimi on repetitive nerve stimulation. These findings suggest that hyperexcitability and hyperactivity of the peripheral motor axons underlie the syndrome of continuous motor unit activity in the present case. Ein chronischer Alkoholiker, mit subtotaler Gastrectomie, litt an einem Syndrom dauernder Muskelfaseraktivität, das mit Diphenylhydantoin behandelt wurde. Der Patient wies minimale Störungen im Sinne einer distalen sensori-motorischen Polyneuropathie auf. Die Symptome dieses Syndroms bestehen in: Fazikulationen, Muskelsteife, Myokymien, eine gestörte Erschlaffung nach der Willküraktivität und eine Myotonie nach Beklopfen des Muskels. Das Elektromyogramm in Ruhe zeigt: Faszikulationen, Doublets, Triplets, Multiplets, Trains repetitiver Potentiale und myotonische Entladungen. Trousseau- und Chvostek-Zeichen waren nicht nachweisbar. Gleichzeitig lagen die Kalium-, Calcium-, Magnesium-, Kreatinkinase- und Alkalinphosphatase-Werte im Serumspiegel sowie O2, CO2 und pH des arteriellen Blutes im Normbereich. Aber das Niveau des Vitamin B12 im Serumspiegel war deutlich herabgesetzt. Die muskelbioptische und elektrophysiologische Veränderungen weisen auf eine gemischte sensori-motorische Polyneuropathie hin. Die Abnahme der Amplitude der evozierten Potentiale, vom M. abductor digiti minimi abgeleitet, bei repetitiver Reizung des N. ulnaris, stellten eine Störung der neuromuskulären Überleitung dar. Aufgrund unserer klinischen und elektrophysiologischen Befunde könnten wir die Hypererregbarkeit und Hyperaktivität der peripheren motorischen Axonen als Hauptmechanismus des Syndroms dauernder motorischer Einheitsaktivität betrachten.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "d488d9d754c360efb3910c83e3175756",
"text": "The most common question asked by patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is, \"Doctor, what should I eat?\" Findings from epidemiology studies have indicated that diets high in animal fat and low in fruits and vegetables are the most common pattern associated with an increased risk of IBD. Low levels of vitamin D also appear to be a risk factor for IBD. In murine models, diets high in fat, especially saturated animal fats, also increase inflammation, whereas supplementation with omega 3 long-chain fatty acids protect against intestinal inflammation. Unfortunately, omega 3 supplements have not been shown to decrease the risk of relapse in patients with Crohn's disease. Dietary intervention studies have shown that enteral therapy, with defined formula diets, helps children with Crohn's disease and reduces inflammation and dysbiosis. Although fiber supplements have not been shown definitively to benefit patients with IBD, soluble fiber is the best way to generate short-chain fatty acids such as butyrate, which has anti-inflammatory effects. Addition of vitamin D and curcumin has been shown to increase the efficacy of IBD therapy. There is compelling evidence from animal models that emulsifiers in processed foods increase risk for IBD. We discuss current knowledge about popular diets, including the specific carbohydrate diet and diet low in fermentable oligo-, di-, and monosaccharides and polyols. We present findings from clinical and basic science studies to help gastroenterologists navigate diet as it relates to the management of IBD.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "3f2d4df1b0ef315ee910636c9439b049",
"text": "Real-Time Line and Disk Light Shading\n Eric Heitz and Stephen Hill\n At SIGGRAPH 2016, we presented a new real-time area lighting technique for polygonal sources. In this talk, we will show how the underlying framework, based on Linearly Transformed Cosines (LTCs), can be extended to support line and disk lights. We will discuss the theory behind these approaches as well as practical implementation tips and tricks concerning numerical precision and performance.\n Physically Based Shading at DreamWorks Animation\n Feng Xie and Jon Lanz\n PDI/DreamWorks was one of the first animation studios to adopt global illumination in production rendering. Concurrently, we have also been developing and applying physically based shading principles to improve the consistency and realism of our material models, while balancing the need for intuitive artistic control required for feature animations.\n In this talk, we will start by presenting the evolution of physically based shading in our films. Then we will present some fundamental principles with respect to importance sampling and energy conservation in our BSDF framework with a pragmatic and efficient approach to transimssion fresnel modeling. Finally, we will present our new set of physically plausible production shaders for our new path tracer, which includes our new hard surface shader, our approach to material layering and some new developments in fabric and glitter shading.\n Volumetric Skin and Fabric Shading at Framestore\n Nathan Walster\n Recent advances in shading have led to the use of free-path sampling to better solve complex light transport within volumetric materials. In this talk, we describe how we have implemented these ideas and techniques within a production environment, their application on recent shows---such as Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2 and Alien: Covenant---and the effect this has had on artists' workflow within our studio.\n Practical Multilayered Materials in Call of Duty: Infinite Warfare\n Michał Drobot\n This talk presents a practical approach to multilayer, physically based surface rendering, specifically optimized for Forward+ rendering pipelines. The presented pipeline allows for the creation of complex surface by decomposing them into different mediums, each represented by a simple BRDF/BSSRDF and set of simple, physical macro properties, such as thickness, scattering and absorption. The described model is explained via practical examples of common multilayer materials such as car paint, lacquered wood, ice, and semi-translucent plastics. Finally, the talk describes intrinsic implementation details for achieving a low performance budget for 60 Hz titles as well as supporting multiple rendering modes: opaque, alpha blend, and refractive blend.\n Pixar's Foundation for Materials: PxrSurface and PxrMarschnerHair\n Christophe Hery and Junyi Ling\n Pixar's Foundation Materials, PxrSurface and PxrMarschnerHair, began shipping with RenderMan 21.\n PxrSurface is the standard surface shader developed in the studio for Finding Dory and used more recently for Cars 3 and Coco. This shader contains nine lobes that cover the entire gamut of surface materials for these two films: diffuse, three specular, iridescence, fuzz, subsurface, single scatter and a glass lobe. Each of these BxDF lobes is energy conserving, but conservation is not enforced between lobes on the surface level. We use parameter layering methods to feed a PxrSurface with pre-layered material descriptions. This simultaneously allows us the flexibility of a multilayered shading pipeline together with efficient and consistent rendering behavior.\n We also implemented our individual BxDFs with the latest state-of-the-art techniques. For example, our three specular lobes can be switched between Beckmann and GGX modes. Many compound materials have multiple layers of specular; these lobes interact with each other modulated by the Fresnel effect of the clearcoat layer. We also leverage LEADR mapping to recreate sub-displacement micro features such as metal flakes and clearcoat scratches.\n Another example is that PxrSurface ships with Jensen, d'Eon and Burley diffusion profiles. Additionally, we implemented a novel subsurface model using path-traced volumetric scattering, which represents a significant advancement. It captures zero and single scattering events of subsurface scattering implicit to the path-tracing algorithm. The user can adjust the phase-function of the scattering events and change the extinction profiles, and it also comes with standardized color inversion features for intuitive albedo input. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first commercially available rendering system to model these features and the rendering cost is comparable to classic diffusion subsurface scattering models.\n PxrMarschnerHair implements Marschner's seminal hair illumination model with importance sampling. We also account for the residual energy left after the R, TT, TRT and glint lobes, through a fifth diffuse lobe. We show that this hair surface shader can reproduce dark and blonde hair effectively in a path-traced production context. Volumetric scattering from fiber to fiber changes the perceived hue and saturation of a groom, so we also provide a color inversion scheme to invert input albedos, such that the artistic inputs are straightforward and intuitive.\n Revisiting Physically Based Shading at Imageworks\n Christopher Kulla and Alejandro Conty\n Two years ago, the rendering and shading groups at Sony Imageworks embarked on a project to review the structure of our physically based shaders in an effort to simplify their implementation, improve quality and pave the way to take advantage of future improvements in light transport algorithms.\n We started from classic microfacet BRDF building blocks and investigated energy conservation and artist friendly parametrizations. We continued by unifying volume rendering and subsurface scattering algorithms and put in place a system for medium tracking to improve the setup of nested media. Finally, from all these building blocks, we rebuilt our artist-facing shaders with a simplified interface and a more flexible layering approach through parameter blending.\n Our talk will discuss the details of our various building blocks, what worked and what didn't, as well as some future research directions we are still interested in exploring.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "4689161101a990d17b08e27b3ccf2be3",
"text": "The growth of the software game development industry is enormous and is gaining importance day by day. This growth imposes severe pressure and a number of issues and challenges on the game development community. Game development is a complex process, and one important game development choice is to consider the developer’s perspective to produce good-quality software games by improving the game development process. The objective of this study is to provide a better understanding of the developer’s dimension as a factor in software game success. It focuses mainly on an empirical investigation of the effect of key developer’s factors on the software game development process and eventually on the quality of the resulting game. A quantitative survey was developed and conducted to identify key developer’s factors for an enhanced game development process. For this study, the developed survey was used to test the research model and hypotheses. The results provide evidence that game development organizations must deal with multiple key factors to remain competitive and to handle high pressure in the software game industry. The main contribution of this paper is to investigate empirically the influence of key developer’s factors on the game development process.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "934ee0b55bf90eed86fabfff8f1238d1",
"text": "Schelling (1969, 1971a,b, 1978) considered a simple proximity model of segregation where individual agents only care about the types of people living in their own local geographical neighborhood, the spatial structure being represented by oneor two-dimensional lattices. In this paper, we argue that segregation might occur not only in the geographical space, but also in social environments. Furthermore, recent empirical studies have documented that social interaction structures are well-described by small-world networks. We generalize Schelling’s model by allowing agents to interact in small-world networks instead of regular lattices. We study two alternative dynamic models where agents can decide to move either arbitrarily far away (global model) or are bound to choose an alternative location in their social neighborhood (local model). Our main result is that the system attains levels of segregation that are in line with those reached in the lattice-based spatial proximity model. Thus, Schelling’s original results seem to be robust to the structural properties of the network.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "c6ebb1f54f42f38dae8c19566f2459ce",
"text": "We develop several predictive models linking legislative sentiment to legislative text. Our models, which draw on ideas from ideal point estimation and topic models, predict voting patterns based on the contents of bills and infer the political leanings of legislators. With supervised topics, we provide an exploratory window into how the language of the law is correlated with political support. We also derive approximate posterior inference algorithms based on variational methods. Across 12 years of legislative data, we predict specific voting patterns with high accuracy.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "1865a404c970d191ed55e7509b21fb9e",
"text": "Most machine learning methods are known to capture and exploit biases of the training data. While some biases are beneficial for learning, others are harmful. Specifically, image captioning models tend to exaggerate biases present in training data (e.g., if a word is present in 60% of training sentences, it might be predicted in 70% of sentences at test time). This can lead to incorrect captions in domains where unbiased captions are desired, or required, due to over-reliance on the learned prior and image context. In this work we investigate generation of gender-specific caption words (e.g. man, woman) based on the person’s appearance or the image context. We introduce a new Equalizer model that encourages equal gender probability when gender evidence is occluded in a scene and confident predictions when gender evidence is present. The resulting model is forced to look at a person rather than use contextual cues to make a gender-specific prediction. The losses that comprise our model, the Appearance Confusion Loss and the Confident Loss, are general, and can be added to any description model in order to mitigate impacts of unwanted bias in a description dataset. Our proposed model has lower error than prior work when describing images with people and mentioning their gender and more closely matches the ground truth ratio of sentences including women to sentences including men. Finally, we show that our model more often looks at people when predicting their gender. 1",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "0b6a3b143dfccd7ca9ea09f7fa5b5e8c",
"text": "Cancer has been characterized as a heterogeneous disease consisting of many different subtypes. The early diagnosis and prognosis of a cancer type have become a necessity in cancer research, as it can facilitate the subsequent clinical management of patients. The importance of classifying cancer patients into high or low risk groups has led many research teams, from the biomedical and the bioinformatics field, to study the application of machine learning (ML) methods. Therefore, these techniques have been utilized as an aim to model the progression and treatment of cancerous conditions. In addition, the ability of ML tools to detect key features from complex datasets reveals their importance. A variety of these techniques, including Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs), Bayesian Networks (BNs), Support Vector Machines (SVMs) and Decision Trees (DTs) have been widely applied in cancer research for the development of predictive models, resulting in effective and accurate decision making. Even though it is evident that the use of ML methods can improve our understanding of cancer progression, an appropriate level of validation is needed in order for these methods to be considered in the everyday clinical practice. In this work, we present a review of recent ML approaches employed in the modeling of cancer progression. The predictive models discussed here are based on various supervised ML techniques as well as on different input features and data samples. Given the growing trend on the application of ML methods in cancer research, we present here the most recent publications that employ these techniques as an aim to model cancer risk or patient outcomes.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "2b98fd7a61fd7c521758651191df74d0",
"text": "Nowadays, a great effort is done to find new alternative renewable energy sources to replace part of nuclear energy production. In this context, this paper presents a new axial counter-rotating turbine for small-hydro applications which is developed to recover the energy lost in release valves of water supply. The design of the two PM-generators, their mechanical integration in a bulb placed into the water conduit and the AC-DC Vienna converter developed for these turbines are presented. The sensorless regulation of the two generators is also briefly discussed. Finally, measurements done on the 2-kW prototype are analyzed and compared with the simulation.",
"title": ""
}
] | scidocsrr |
856d1c7e556a5f1423113cb1d1243167 | Mining big data using parsimonious factor , machine learning , variable selection and shrinkage methods | [
{
"docid": "2710a25b3cf3caf5ebd5fb9f08c9e5e3",
"text": "Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use, available at http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp. JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use provides, in part, that unless you have obtained prior permission, you may not download an entire issue of a journal or multiple copies of articles, and you may use content in the JSTOR archive only for your personal, non-commercial use.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "ffc36fa0dcc81a7f5ba9751eee9094d7",
"text": "The independent component analysis (ICA) of a random vector consists of searching for a linear transformation that minimizes the statistical dependence between its components. In order to define suitable search criteria, the expansion of mutual information is utilized as a function of cumulants of increasing orders. An efficient algorithm is proposed, which allows the computation of the ICA of a data matrix within a polynomial time. The concept of lCA may actually be seen as an extension of the principal component analysis (PCA), which can only impose independence up to the second order and, consequently, defines directions that are orthogonal. Potential applications of ICA include data analysis and compression, Bayesian detection, localization of sources, and blind identification and deconvolution. Zusammenfassung Die Analyse unabhfingiger Komponenten (ICA) eines Vektors beruht auf der Suche nach einer linearen Transformation, die die statistische Abh~ingigkeit zwischen den Komponenten minimiert. Zur Definition geeigneter Such-Kriterien wird die Entwicklung gemeinsamer Information als Funktion von Kumulanten steigender Ordnung genutzt. Es wird ein effizienter Algorithmus vorgeschlagen, der die Berechnung der ICA ffir Datenmatrizen innerhalb einer polynomischen Zeit erlaubt. Das Konzept der ICA kann eigentlich als Erweiterung der 'Principal Component Analysis' (PCA) betrachtet werden, die nur die Unabh~ingigkeit bis zur zweiten Ordnung erzwingen kann und deshalb Richtungen definiert, die orthogonal sind. Potentielle Anwendungen der ICA beinhalten Daten-Analyse und Kompression, Bayes-Detektion, Quellenlokalisierung und blinde Identifikation und Entfaltung.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "c7e584bca061335c8cd085511f4abb3b",
"text": "The application of boosting technique to regression problems has received relatively little attention in contrast to research aimed at classification problems. This letter describes a new boosting algorithm, AdaBoost.RT, for regression problems. Its idea is in filtering out the examples with the relative estimation error that is higher than the preset threshold value, and then following the AdaBoost procedure. Thus, it requires selecting the suboptimal value of the error threshold to demarcate examples as poorly or well predicted. Some experimental results using the M5 model tree as a weak learning machine for several benchmark data sets are reported. The results are compared to other boosting methods, bagging, artificial neural networks, and a single M5 model tree. The preliminary empirical comparisons show higher performance of AdaBoost.RT for most of the considered data sets.",
"title": ""
}
] | [
{
"docid": "9fac5ac1de2ae70964bdb05643d41a68",
"text": "A long-standing goal in the field of artificial intelligence is to develop agents that can perceive and understand the rich visual world around us and who can communicate with us about it in natural language. Significant strides have been made towards this goal over the last few years due to simultaneous advances in computing infrastructure, data gathering and algorithms. The progress has been especially rapid in visual recognition, where computers can now classify images into categories with a performance that rivals that of humans, or even surpasses it in some cases such as classifying breeds of dogs. However, despite much encouraging progress, most of the advances in visual recognition still take place in the context of assigning one or a few discrete labels to an image (e.g. person, boat, keyboard, etc.). In this dissertation we develop models and techniques that allow us to connect the domain of visual data and the domain of natural language utterances, enabling translation between elements of the two domains. In particular, first we introduce a model that embeds both images and sentences into a common multi-modal embedding space. This space then allows us to identify images that depict an arbitrary sentence description and conversely, we can identify sentences that describe any image. Second, we develop an image captioning model that takes an image and directly generates a sentence description without being constrained a finite collection of human-written sentences to choose from. Lastly, we describe a model that can take an image and both localize and describe all if its salient parts. We demonstrate that this model can also be used backwards to take any arbitrary description (e.g. white tennis shoes) and e ciently localize the described concept in a large collection of images. We argue that these models, the techniques they take advantage of internally and the interactions they enable are a stepping stone towards artificial intelligence and that connecting images and natural language o↵ers many practical benefits and immediate valuable applications. From the modeling perspective, instead of designing and staging explicit algorithms to process images and sentences in complex processing pipelines, our contribution lies in the design of hybrid convolutional and recurrent neural network architectures that connect visual data and natural language utterances with a single network. Therefore, the computational processing of images,",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "58e17619012ddb58f86dc4bfa79d19d8",
"text": "–Malicious programs have been the main actors in complex, sophisticated attacks against nations, governments, diplomatic agencies, private institutions and people. Knowledge about malicious program behavior forms the basis for constructing more secure information systems. In this article, we introduce MBO, a Malicious Behavior Ontology that represents complex behaviors of suspicious executions, and through inference rules calculates their associated threat level for analytical proposals. We evaluate MBO using over two thousand unique known malware and 385 unique known benign software. Results highlight the representativeness of the MBO for expressing typical malicious activities. Security ontologyMalware behaviorThreat analysis",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "00eb132ce5063dd983c0c36724f82cec",
"text": "This paper analyzes customer product-choice behavior based on the recency and frequency of each customer’s page views on e-commerce sites. Recently, we devised an optimization model for estimating product-choice probabilities that satisfy monotonicity, convexity, and concavity constraints with respect to recency and frequency. This shape-restricted model delivered high predictive performance even when there were few training samples. However, typical e-commerce sites deal in many different varieties of products, so the predictive performance of the model can be further improved by integration of such product heterogeneity. For this purpose, we develop a novel latent-class shape-restricted model for estimating product-choice probabilities for each latent class of products. We also give a tailored expectation-maximization algorithm for parameter estimation. Computational results demonstrate that higher predictive performance is achieved with our latent-class model than with the previous shape-restricted model and common latent-class logistic regression.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "23ada5f749c5780ff45057747e978b66",
"text": "In this paper, we introduce ReTSO, a reliable and efficient design for transactional support in large-scale storage systems. ReTSO uses a centralized scheme and implements snapshot isolation, a property that guarantees that read operations of a transaction read a consistent snapshot of the data stored. The centralized scheme of ReTSO enables a lock-free commit algorithm that prevents unre-leased locks of a failed transaction from blocking others. We analyze the bottlenecks in a single-server implementation of transactional logic and propose solutions for each. The experimental results show that our implementation can service up to 72K transaction per second (TPS), which is an order of magnitude larger than the maximum achieved traffic in similar data storage systems. Consequently, we do not expect ReTSO to be a bottleneck even for current large distributed storage systems.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "6280266740e1a3da3fd536c134b39cfd",
"text": "Despite years of research yielding systems and guidelines to aid visualization design, practitioners still face the challenge of identifying the best visualization for a given dataset and task. One promising approach to circumvent this problem is to leverage perceptual laws to quantitatively evaluate the effectiveness of a visualization design. Following previously established methodologies, we conduct a large scale (n = 1687) crowdsourced experiment to investigate whether the perception of correlation in nine commonly used visualizations can be modeled using Weber's law. The results of this experiment contribute to our understanding of information visualization by establishing that: (1) for all tested visualizations, the precision of correlation judgment could be modeled by Weber's law, (2) correlation judgment precision showed striking variation between negatively and positively correlated data, and (3) Weber models provide a concise means to quantify, compare, and rank the perceptual precision afforded by a visualization.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "0b71777f8b4d03fb147ff41d1224136e",
"text": "Mobile broadband demand keeps growing at an overwhelming pace. Though emerging wireless technologies will provide more bandwidth, the increase in demand may easily consume the extra bandwidth. To alleviate this problem, we propose using the content available on individual devices as caches. Particularly, when a user reaches areas with dense clusters of mobile devices, \"data spots\", the operator can instruct the user to connect with other users sharing similar interests and serve the requests locally. This paper presents feasibility study as well as prototype implementation of this idea.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "dc3495ec93462e68f606246205a8416d",
"text": "State-of-the-art methods for zero-shot visual recognition formulate learning as a joint embedding problem of images and side information. In these formulations the current best complement to visual features are attributes: manually-encoded vectors describing shared characteristics among categories. Despite good performance, attributes have limitations: (1) finer-grained recognition requires commensurately more attributes, and (2) attributes do not provide a natural language interface. We propose to overcome these limitations by training neural language models from scratch, i.e. without pre-training and only consuming words and characters. Our proposed models train end-to-end to align with the fine-grained and category-specific content of images. Natural language provides a flexible and compact way of encoding only the salient visual aspects for distinguishing categories. By training on raw text, our model can do inference on raw text as well, providing humans a familiar mode both for annotation and retrieval. Our model achieves strong performance on zero-shot text-based image retrieval and significantly outperforms the attribute-based state-of-the-art for zero-shot classification on the Caltech-UCSD Birds 200-2011 dataset.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "680c621ebc0dd6f762abb8df9871070e",
"text": "Methods for learning to search for structured prediction typically imitate a reference policy, with existing theoretical guarantees demonstrating low regret compared to that reference. This is unsatisfactory in many applications where the reference policy is suboptimal and the goal of learning is to improve upon it. Can learning to search work even when the reference is poor? We provide a new learning to search algorithm, LOLS, which does well relative to the reference policy, but additionally guarantees low regret compared to deviations from the learned policy: a local-optimality guarantee. Consequently, LOLS can improve upon the reference policy, unlike previous algorithms. This enables us to develop structured contextual bandits, a partial information structured prediction setting with many potential applications.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "0084faef0e08c4025ccb3f8fd50892f1",
"text": "Steganography is a method of hiding secret messages in a cover object while communication takes place between sender and receiver. Security of confidential information has always been a major issue from the past times to the present time. It has always been the interested topic for researchers to develop secure techniques to send data without revealing it to anyone other than the receiver. Therefore from time to time researchers have developed many techniques to fulfill secure transfer of data and steganography is one of them. In this paper we have proposed a new technique of image steganography i.e. Hash-LSB with RSA algorithm for providing more security to data as well as our data hiding method. The proposed technique uses a hash function to generate a pattern for hiding data bits into LSB of RGB pixel values of the cover image. This technique makes sure that the message has been encrypted before hiding it into a cover image. If in any case the cipher text got revealed from the cover image, the intermediate person other than receiver can't access the message as it is in encrypted form.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "4eabc161187126a726a6b65f6fc6c685",
"text": "In this paper, we propose a new method to estimate synthetic aperture radar interferometry (InSAR) interferometric phase in the presence of large coregistration errors. The method takes advantage of the coherence information of neighboring pixel pairs to automatically coregister the SAR images and employs the projection of the joint signal subspace onto the corresponding joint noise subspace to estimate the terrain interferometric phase. The method can automatically coregister the SAR images and reduce the interferometric phase noise simultaneously. Theoretical analysis and computer simulation results show that the method can provide accurate estimate of the terrain interferometric phase (interferogram) as the coregistration error reaches one pixel. The effectiveness of the method is also verified with the real data from the Spaceborne Imaging Radar-C/X Band SAR and the European Remote Sensing 1 and 2 satellites.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "c66c1523322809d1b2d1279b5b2b8384",
"text": "The design of the Smart Grid requires solving a complex problem of combined sensing, communications and control and, thus, the problem of choosing a networking technology cannot be addressed without also taking into consideration requirements related to sensor networking and distributed control. These requirements are today still somewhat undefined so that it is not possible yet to give quantitative guidelines on how to choose one communication technology over the other. In this paper, we make a first qualitative attempt to better understand the role that Power Line Communications (PLCs) can have in the Smart Grid. Furthermore, we here report recent results on the electrical and topological properties of the power distribution network. The topological characterization of the power grid is not only important because it allows us to model the grid as an information source, but also because the grid becomes the actual physical information delivery infrastructure when PLCs are used.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "31f5c712760d1733acb0d7ffd3cec6ad",
"text": "Singular Spectrum Transform (SST) is a fundamental subspace analysis technique which has been widely adopted for solving change-point detection (CPD) problems in information security applications. However, the performance of a SST based CPD algorithm is limited to the lack of robustness to corrupted observations with large noises in practice. Based on the observation that large noises in practical time series are generally sparse, in this paper, we study a combination of Robust Principal Component Analysis (RPCA) and SST to obtain a robust CPD algorithm dealing with sparse large noises. The sparse large noises are to be eliminated from observation trajectory matrices by performing a low-rank matrix recovery procedure of RPCA. The noise-eliminated matrices are then used to extract SST subspaces for CPD. The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated through experiments based on both synthetic and real-world datasets. Experimental results show that the proposed method outperforms the competing state-of-the-arts in terms of detection accuracy for time series with sparse large noises.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "30178d1de9d0aab8c3ab0ac9be674d8c",
"text": "The immune system protects from infections primarily by detecting and eliminating the invading pathogens; however, the host organism can also protect itself from infectious diseases by reducing the negative impact of infections on host fitness. This ability to tolerate a pathogen's presence is a distinct host defense strategy, which has been largely overlooked in animal and human studies. Introduction of the notion of \"disease tolerance\" into the conceptual tool kit of immunology will expand our understanding of infectious diseases and host pathogen interactions. Analysis of disease tolerance mechanisms should provide new approaches for the treatment of infections and other diseases.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "6702bfca88f86e0c35a8b6195d0c971c",
"text": "A hierarchical scheme for clustering data is presented which applies to spaces with a high number of dimensions ( 3 D N > ). The data set is first reduced to a smaller set of partitions (multi-dimensional bins). Multiple clustering techniques are used, including spectral clustering; however, new techniques are also introduced based on the path length between partitions that are connected to one another. A Line-of-Sight algorithm is also developed for clustering. A test bank of 12 data sets with varying properties is used to expose the strengths and weaknesses of each technique. Finally, a robust clustering technique is discussed based on reaching a consensus among the multiple approaches, overcoming the weaknesses found individually.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "cb55daf6ada8e9caba80aa4f421fc395",
"text": "This paper surveys the state of the art on multimodal gesture recognition and introduces the JMLR special topic on gesture recognition 2011-2015. We began right at the start of the KinectT Mrevolution when inexpensive infrared cameras providing image depth recordings became available. We published papers using this technology and other more conventional methods, including regular video cameras, to record data, thus providing a good overview of uses of machine learning and computer vision using multimodal data in this area of application. Notably, we organized a series of challenges and made available several datasets we recorded for that purpose, including tens of thousands of videos, which are available to conduct further research. We also overview recent state of the art works on gesture recognition based on a proposed taxonomy for gesture recognition, discussing challenges and future lines of research.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "4e8c67969add0e27dc1d3cb8f36971f8",
"text": "To date no AIS1 neck injury mechanism has been established, thus no neck injury criterion has been validated against such mechanism. Validation methods not related to an injury mechanism may be used. The aim of this paper was to validate different proposed neck injury criteria with reconstructed reallife crashes with recorded crash pulses and with known injury outcomes. A car fleet of more than 40,000 cars fitted with crash pulse recorders have been monitored in Sweden since 1996. All crashes with these cars, irrespective of repair cost and injury outcome have been reported. With the inclusion criteria of the three most represented car models, single rear-end crashes with a recorded crash pulse, and front seat occupants with no previous long-term AIS1 neck injury, 79 crashes with 110 front seat occupants remained to be analysed in this study. Madymo models of a BioRID II dummy in the three different car seats were exposed to the recorded crash pulses. The dummy readings were correlated to the real-life injury outcome, divided into duration of AIS1 neck injury symptoms. Effectiveness to predict neck injury was assessed for the criteria NIC, Nkm, NDC and lower neck moment, aimed at predicting AIS1 neck injury. Also risk curves were assessed for the effective criteria as well as for impact severity. It was found that NICmax and Nkm are applicable to predict risk of AIS1 neck injury when using a BioRID dummy. It is suggested that both BioRID NICmax and Nkm should be considered in rear-impact test evaluation. Furthermore, lower neck moment was found to be less applicable. Using the BioRID dummy NDC was also found less applicable.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "23b18b2795b0e5ff619fd9e88821cfad",
"text": "Goal-oriented dialogue has been paid attention for its numerous applications in artificial intelligence. To solve this task, deep learning and reinforcement learning have recently been applied. However, these approaches struggle to find a competent recurrent neural questioner, owing to the complexity of learning a series of sentences. Motivated by theory of mind, we propose “Answerer in Questioner’s Mind” (AQM), a novel algorithm for goal-oriented dialogue. With AQM, a questioner asks and infers based on an approximated probabilistic model of the answerer. The questioner figures out the answerer’s intent via selecting a plausible question by explicitly calculating the information gain of the candidate intentions and possible answers to each question. We test our framework on two goal-oriented visual dialogue tasks: “MNIST Counting Dialog” and “GuessWhat?!.” In our experiments, AQM outperforms comparative algorithms and makes human-like dialogue. We further use AQM as a tool for analyzing the mechanism of deep reinforcement learning approach and discuss the future direction of practical goal-oriented neural dialogue systems.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "8d957e6c626855a06ac2256c4e7cd15c",
"text": "This article presents a robotic dataset collected from the largest underground copper mine in the world. The sensor measurements from a 3D scanning lidar, a 2D radar, and stereo cameras were recorded from an approximately two kilometer traverse of a production-active tunnel. The equipment used and the data collection process is discussed in detail, along with the format of the data. This dataset is suitable for research in robotic navigation, as well as simultaneous localization and mapping. The download instructions are available at the following website http://dataset.amtc.cl.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "69f413d247e88022c3018b2dee1b53e2",
"text": "Research and development (R&D) project selection is an important task for organizations with R&D project management. It is a complicated multi-stage decision-making process, which involves groups of decision makers. Current research on R&D project selection mainly focuses on mathematical decision models and their applications, but ignores the organizational aspect of the decision-making process. This paper proposes an organizational decision support system (ODSS) for R&D project selection. Object-oriented method is used to design the architecture of the ODSS. An organizational decision support system has also been developed and used to facilitate the selection of project proposals in the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC). The proposed system supports the R&D project selection process at the organizational level. It provides useful information for decision-making tasks in the R&D project selection process. D 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "3c82ba94aa4d717d51c99cfceb527f22",
"text": "Manipulator collision avoidance using genetic algorithms is presented. Control gains in the collision avoidance control model are selected based on genetic algorithms. A repulsive force is artificially created using the distances between the robot links and obstacles, which are generated by a distance computation algorithm. Real-time manipulator collision avoidance control has achieved. A repulsive force gain is introduced through the approaches for definition of link coordinate frames and kinematics computations. The safety distance between objects is affected by the repulsive force gain. This makes the safety zone adjustable and provides greater intelligence for robotic tasks under the ever-changing environment.",
"title": ""
}
] | scidocsrr |
7b25c401a85ee8722811b60d0ad7cdee | Skinning mesh animations | [
{
"docid": "0382ad43b6d31a347d9826194a7261ce",
"text": "In this paper, we present a representation for three-dimensional geometric animation sequences. Different from standard key-frame techniques, this approach is based on the determination of principal animation components and decouples the animation from the underlying geometry. The new representation supports progressive animation compression with spatial, as well as temporal, level-of-detail and high compression ratios. The distinction of animation and geometry allows for mapping animations onto other objects.",
"title": ""
}
] | [
{
"docid": "281c64b492a1aff7707dbbb5128799c8",
"text": "Internet business models have been widely discussed in literature and applied within the last decade. Nevertheless, a clear understanding of some e-commerce concepts does not exist yet. The classification of business models in e-commerce is one of these areas. The current research tries to fill this gap through a conceptual and qualitative study. Nine main e-commerce business model types are selected from literature and analyzed to define the criteria and their sub-criteria (characteristics). As a result three different classifications for business models are determined. This study can be used to improve the understanding of essential functions, relations and mechanisms of existing e-commerce business models.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "030c8aeb4e365bfd2fdab710f8c9f598",
"text": "By combining linear graph theory with the principle of virtual work, a dynamic formulation is obtained that extends graph-theoretic modelling methods to the analysis of exible multibody systems. The system is represented by a linear graph, in which nodes represent reference frames on rigid and exible bodies, and edges represent components that connect these frames. By selecting a spanning tree for the graph, the analyst can choose the set of coordinates appearing in the nal system of equations. This set can include absolute, joint, or elastic coordinates, or some combination thereof. If desired, all non-working constraint forces and torques can be automatically eliminated from the dynamic equations by exploiting the properties of virtual work. The formulation has been implemented in a computer program, DynaFlex, that generates the equations of motion in symbolic form. Three examples are presented to demonstrate the application of the formulation, and to validate the symbolic computer implementation.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "3c778c71f621b2c887dc81e7a919058e",
"text": "We have witnessed the Fixed Internet emerging with virtually every computer being connected today; we are currently witnessing the emergence of the Mobile Internet with the exponential explosion of smart phones, tablets and net-books. However, both will be dwarfed by the anticipated emergence of the Internet of Things (IoT), in which everyday objects are able to connect to the Internet, tweet or be queried. Whilst the impact onto economies and societies around the world is undisputed, the technologies facilitating such a ubiquitous connectivity have struggled so far and only recently commenced to take shape. To this end, this paper introduces in a timely manner and for the first time the wireless communications stack the industry believes to meet the important criteria of power-efficiency, reliability and Internet connectivity. Industrial applications have been the early adopters of this stack, which has become the de-facto standard, thereby bootstrapping early IoT developments with already thousands of wireless nodes deployed. Corroborated throughout this paper and by emerging industry alliances, we believe that a standardized approach, using latest developments in the IEEE 802.15.4 and IETF working groups, is the only way forward. We introduce and relate key embodiments of the power-efficient IEEE 802.15.4-2006 PHY layer, the power-saving and reliable IEEE 802.15.4e MAC layer, the IETF 6LoWPAN adaptation layer enabling universal Internet connectivity, the IETF ROLL routing protocol enabling availability, and finally the IETF CoAP enabling seamless transport and support of Internet applications. The protocol stack proposed in the present work converges towards the standardized notations of the ISO/OSI and TCP/IP stacks. What thus seemed impossible some years back, i.e., building a clearly defined, standards-compliant and Internet-compliant stack given the extreme restrictions of IoT networks, is commencing to become reality.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "540a6dd82c7764eedf99608359776e66",
"text": "Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use, available at http://www.jstor.org/about/terms.html. JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use provides, in part, that unless you have obtained prior permission, you may not download an entire issue of a journal or multiple copies of articles, and you may use content in the JSTOR archive only for your personal, non-commercial use. Please contact the publisher regarding any further use of this work. Publisher contact information may be obtained at http://www.jstor.org/journals/aea.html. Each copy of any part of a JSTOR transmission must contain the same copyright notice that appears on the screen or printed page of such transmission.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "22ef70869ce47993bbdf24b18b6988f5",
"text": "Recent results suggest that it is possible to grasp a variety of singulated objects with high precision using Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) trained on synthetic data. This paper considers the task of bin picking, where multiple objects are randomly arranged in a heap and the objective is to sequentially grasp and transport each into a packing box. We model bin picking with a discrete-time Partially Observable Markov Decision Process that specifies states of the heap, point cloud observations, and rewards. We collect synthetic demonstrations of bin picking from an algorithmic supervisor uses full state information to optimize for the most robust collision-free grasp in a forward simulator based on pybullet to model dynamic object-object interactions and robust wrench space analysis from the Dexterity Network (Dex-Net) to model quasi-static contact between the gripper and object. We learn a policy by fine-tuning a Grasp Quality CNN on Dex-Net 2.1 to classify the supervisor’s actions from a dataset of 10,000 rollouts of the supervisor in the simulator with noise injection. In 2,192 physical trials of bin picking with an ABB YuMi on a dataset of 50 novel objects, we find that the resulting policies can achieve 94% success rate and 96% average precision (very few false positives) on heaps of 5-10 objects and can clear heaps of 10 objects in under three minutes. Datasets, experiments, and supplemental material are available at http://berkeleyautomation.github.io/dex-net.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "6dbaeff4f3cb814a47e8dc94c4660d33",
"text": "An Intrusion Detection System (IDS) is a software that monitors a single or a network of computers for malicious activities (attacks) that are aimed at stealing or censoring information or corrupting network protocols. Most techniques used in today’s IDS are not able to deal with the dynamic and complex nature of cyber attacks on computer networks. Hence, efficient adaptive methods like various techniques of machine learning can result in higher detection rates, lower false alarm rates and reasonable computation and communication costs. In this paper, we study several such schemes and compare their performance. We divide the schemes into methods based on classical artificial intelligence (AI) and methods based on computational intelligence (CI). We explain how various characteristics of CI techniques can be used to build efficient IDS.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "7f3c6e8f0915160bbc9feba4d2175fb3",
"text": "Memory leaks are major problems in all kinds of applications, depleting their performance, even if they run on platforms with automatic memory management, such as Java Virtual Machine. In addition, memory leaks contribute to software aging, increasing the complexity of software maintenance. So far memory leak detection was considered to be a part of development process, rather than part of software maintenance. To detect slow memory leaks as a part of quality assurance process or in production environments statistical approach for memory leak detection was implemented and deployed in a commercial tool called Plumbr. It showed promising results in terms of leak detection precision and recall, however, even better detection quality was desired. To achieve this improvement goal, classification algorithms were applied to the statistical data, which was gathered from customer environments where Plumbr was deployed. This paper presents the challenges which had to be solved, method that was used to generate features for supervised learning and the results of the corresponding experiments.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "23129bd3b502cd06e347b90f5a1516bc",
"text": "ISSN 2277 5080 | © 2012 Bonfring Abstract--This paper discusses DSP based implementation of Gaussian Minimum Shift Keying (GMSK) demodulator using Polarity type Costas loop. The demodulator consists of a Polarity type Costas loop for carrier recovery, data recovery, and phase detection. Carrier has been recovered using a loop of center-frequency locking scheme as in M-ary Phase Shift Keying (MPSK) Polarity type Costas-loop. Phase unwrapping and Bit-Reconstruction is presented in detail. All the modules are first modeled in MATLAB (Simulink) and Systemview. After bit true simulation, the design is coded in VHDL and code simulation is done using QuestaSim 6.3c. The design is targeted to Virtex-4 XC4VSX35-10FF668 Xilinx FPGA (Field programmable gate array) for real time testing, which is carried out on Xtreme DSP development platform.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "643e97c3bc0cdde54bf95720fe52f776",
"text": "Ego-motion estimation based on images from a stereo camera has become a common function for autonomous mobile systems and is gaining increasing importance in the automotive sector. Unlike general robotic platforms, vehicles have a suspension adding degrees of freedom and thus complexity to their dynamics model. Some parameters of the model, such as the vehicle mass, are non-static as they depend on e.g. the specific load conditions and thus need to be estimated online to guarantee a concise and safe autonomous maneuvering of the vehicle. In this paper, a novel visual odometry based approach to simultaneously estimate ego-motion and selected vehicle parameters using a dual Ensemble Kalman Filter and a non-linear single-track model with pitch dynamics is presented. The algorithm has been validated using simulated data and showed a good performance for both the estimation of the ego-motion and of the relevant vehicle parameters.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "9e0cbbe8d95298313fd929a7eb2bfea9",
"text": "We compare two technological approaches to augmented reality for 3-D medical visualization: optical and video see-through devices. We provide a context to discuss the technology by reviewing several medical applications of augmented-reality re search efforts driven by real needs in the medical field, both in the United States and in Europe. We then discuss the issues for each approach, optical versus video, from both a technology and human-factor point of view. Finally, we point to potentially promising future developments of such devices including eye tracking and multifocus planes capabilities, as well as hybrid optical/video technology.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "63602b90688ddb0e8ba691702cbdaab8",
"text": "This paper presents a 50-d.o.f. humanoid robot, Computational Brain (CB). CB is a humanoid robot created for exploring the underlying processing of the human brain while dealing with the real world. We place our investigations within real—world contexts, as humans do. In so doing, we focus on utilizing a system that is closer to humans—in sensing, kinematics configuration and performance. We present the real-time network-based architecture for the control of all 50 d.o.f. The controller provides full position/velocity/force sensing and control at 1 kHz, allowing us the flexibility in deriving various forms of control. A dynamic simulator is also presented; the simulator acts as a realistic testbed for our controllers and acts as a common interface to our humanoid robots. A contact model developed to allow better validation of our controllers prior to final testing on the physical robot is also presented. Three aspects of the system are highlighted in this paper: (i) physical power for walking, (ii) full-body compliant control—physical interactions and (iii) perception and control—visual ocular-motor responses.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "23d2349831a364e6b77e3c263a8321c8",
"text": "lmost a decade has passed since we started advocating a process of usability design [20-22]. This article is a status report about the value of this process and, mainly, a description of new ideas for enhancing the use of the process. We first note that, when followed , the process leads to usable, useful, likeable computer systems and applications. Nevertheless, experience and observational evidence show that (because of the way development work is organized and carried out) the process is often not followed, despite designers' enthusiasm and motivation to do so. To get around these organizational and technical obstacles, we propose a) greater reliance on existing methodologies for establishing test-able usability and productivity-enhancing goals; b) a new method for identifying and focuging attention on long-term, trends about the effects that computer applications have on end-user productivity; and c) a new approach, now under way, to application development, particularly the development of user interfaces. The process consists of four activities [18, 20-22]. Early Focus On Users. Designers should have direct contact with intended or actual users-via interviews , observations, surveys, partic-ipatory design. The aim is to understand users' cognitive, behav-ioral, attitudinal, and anthropomet-ric characteristics-and the characteristics of the jobs they will be doing. Integrated Design. All aspects of usability (e.g., user interface, help system, training plan, documentation) should evolve in parallel, rather than be defined sequentially, and should be under one management. Early~And Continual~User Testing. The only presently feasible approach to successful design is an empirical one, requiring observation and measurement of user behavior , careful evaluation of feedback , insightful solutions to existing problems, and strong motivation to make design changes. Iterative Design. A system under development must be modified based upon the results of behav-ioral tests of functions, user interface , help system, documentation, training approach. This process of implementation, testing, feedback, evaluation, and change must be repeated to iteratively improve the system. We, and others proposing similar ideas (see below), have worked hard at spreading this process of usabil-ity design. We have used numerous channels to accomplish this: frequent talks, workshops, seminars, publications, consulting, addressing arguments used against it [22], conducting a direct case study of the process [20], and identifying methods for people not fully trained as human factors professionals to use in carrying out this process [18]. The Process Works. Several lines of evidence indicate that this usabil-ity design process leads to systems, applications, and products …",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "111743197c23aff0fac0699a30edca23",
"text": "Origami describes rules for creating folded structures from patterns on a flat sheet, but does not prescribe how patterns can be designed to fit target shapes. Here, starting from the simplest periodic origami pattern that yields one-degree-of-freedom collapsible structures-we show that scale-independent elementary geometric constructions and constrained optimization algorithms can be used to determine spatially modulated patterns that yield approximations to given surfaces of constant or varying curvature. Paper models confirm the feasibility of our calculations. We also assess the difficulty of realizing these geometric structures by quantifying the energetic barrier that separates the metastable flat and folded states. Moreover, we characterize the trade-off between the accuracy to which the pattern conforms to the target surface, and the effort associated with creating finer folds. Our approach enables the tailoring of origami patterns to drape complex surfaces independent of absolute scale, as well as the quantification of the energetic and material cost of doing so.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "3754b5c86e0032382f144ded5f1ca4d8",
"text": "Use and users have an important and acknowledged role to most designers of interactive systems. Nevertheless any touch of user hands does not in itself secure development of meaningful artifacts. In this article we stress the need for a professional PD practice in order to yield the full potentiality of user involvement. We suggest two constituting elements of such a professional PD practice. The existence of a shared 'where-to' and 'why' artifact and an ongoing reflection and off-loop reflection among practitioners in the PD process.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "a5a53221aa9ccda3258223b9ed4e2110",
"text": "Accurate and reliable inventory forecasting can save an organization from overstock, under-stock and no stock/stock-out situation of inventory. Overstocking leads to high cost of storage and its maintenance, whereas under-stocking leads to failure to meet the demand and losing profit and customers, similarly stock-out leads to complete halt of production or sale activities. Inventory transactions generate data, which is a time-series data having characteristic volume, speed, range and regularity. The inventory level of an item depends on many factors namely, current stock, stock-on-order, lead-time, annual/monthly target. In this paper, we present a perspective of treating Inventory management as a problem of Genetic Programming based on inventory transactions data. A Genetic Programming — Symbolic Regression (GP-SR) based mathematical model is developed and subsequently used to make forecasts using Holt-Winters Exponential Smoothing method for time-series modeling. The GP-SR model evolves based on RMSE as the fitness function. The performance of the model is measured in terms of RMSE and MAE. The estimated values of item demand from the GP-SR model is finally used to simulate a time-series and forecasts are generated for inventory required on a monthly time horizon.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "69e0179971396fcaf09c9507735a8d5b",
"text": "In this paper, we describe a statistical approach to both an articulatory-to-acoustic mapping and an acoustic-to-articulatory inversion mapping without using phonetic information. The joint probability density of an articulatory parameter and an acoustic parameter is modeled using a Gaussian mixture model (GMM) based on a parallel acoustic-articulatory speech database. We apply the GMM-based mapping using the minimum mean-square error (MMSE) criterion, which has been proposed for voice conversion, to the two mappings. Moreover, to improve the mapping performance, we apply maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) to the GMM-based mapping method. The determination of a target parameter trajectory having appropriate static and dynamic properties is obtained by imposing an explicit relationship between static and dynamic features in the MLE-based mapping. Experimental results demonstrate that the MLE-based mapping with dynamic features can significantly improve the mapping performance compared with the MMSE-based mapping in both the articulatory-to-acoustic mapping and the inversion mapping.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "490dc6ee9efd084ecf2496b72893a39a",
"text": "The rise of blockchain-based cryptocurrencies has led to an explosion of services using distributed ledgers as their underlying infrastructure. However, due to inherently single-service oriented blockchain protocols, such services can bloat the existing ledgers, fail to provide sufficient security, or completely forego the property of trustless auditability. Security concerns, trust restrictions, and scalability limits regarding the resource requirements of users hamper the sustainable development of loosely-coupled services on blockchains. This paper introduces Aspen, a sharded blockchain protocol designed to securely scale with increasing number of services. Aspen shares the same trust model as Bitcoin in a peer-to-peer network that is prone to extreme churn containing Byzantine participants. It enables introduction of new services without compromising the security, leveraging the trust assumptions, or flooding users with irrelevant messages.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "9cc2dfde38bed5e767857b1794d987bc",
"text": "Smartphones providing proprietary encryption schemes, albeit offering a novel paradigm to privacy, are becoming a bone of contention for certain sovereignties. These sovereignties have raised concerns about their security agencies not having any control on the encrypted data leaving their jurisdiction and the ensuing possibility of it being misused by people with malicious intents. Such smartphones have typically two types of customers, independent users who use it to access public mail servers and corporates/enterprises whose employees use it to access corporate emails in an encrypted form. The threat issues raised by security agencies concern mainly the enterprise servers where the encrypted data leaves the jurisdiction of the respective sovereignty while on its way to the global smartphone router. In this paper, we have analyzed such email message transfer mechanisms in smartphones and proposed some feasible solutions, which, if accepted and implemented by entities involved, can lead to a possible win-win situation for both the parties, viz., the smartphone provider who does not want to lose the customers and these sovereignties who can avoid the worry of encrypted data leaving their jurisdiction.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "af691c2ca5d9fd1ca5109c8b2e7e7b6d",
"text": "As social robots become more widely used as educational tutoring agents, it is important to study how children interact with these systems, and how effective they are as assessed by learning gains, sustained engagement, and perceptions of the robot tutoring system as a whole. In this paper, we summarize our prior work involving a long-term child-robot interaction study and outline important lessons learned regarding individual differences in children. We then discuss how these lessons inform future research in child-robot interaction.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "c8fdcfa08aff6286a02b984cc5f716b2",
"text": "As interest in adopting Cloud computing for various applications is rapidly growing, it is important to understand how these applications and systems will perform when deployed on Clouds. Due to the scale and complexity of shared resources, it is often hard to analyze the performance of new scheduling and provisioning algorithms on actual Cloud test beds. Therefore, simulation tools are becoming more and more important in the evaluation of the Cloud computing model. Simulation tools allow researchers to rapidly evaluate the efficiency, performance and reliability of their new algorithms on a large heterogeneous Cloud infrastructure. However, current solutions lack either advanced application models such as message passing applications and workflows or scalable network model of data center. To fill this gap, we have extended a popular Cloud simulator (CloudSim) with a scalable network and generalized application model, which allows more accurate evaluation of scheduling and resource provisioning policies to optimize the performance of a Cloud infrastructure.",
"title": ""
}
] | scidocsrr |
5f7cb537da11a86fcd3b211ca8da75bb | Toward parallel continuum manipulators | [
{
"docid": "f80f1952c5b58185b261d53ba9830c47",
"text": "This paper presents a new class of thin, dexterous continuum robots, which we call active cannulas due to their potential medical applications. An active cannula is composed of telescoping, concentric, precurved superelastic tubes that can be axially translated and rotated at the base relative to one another. Active cannulas derive bending not from tendon wires or other external mechanisms but from elastic tube interaction in the backbone itself, permitting high dexterity and small size, and dexterity improves with miniaturization. They are designed to traverse narrow and winding environments without relying on ldquoguidingrdquo environmental reaction forces. These features seem ideal for a variety of applications where a very thin robot with tentacle-like dexterity is needed. In this paper, we apply beam mechanics to obtain a kinematic model of active cannula shape and describe design tools that result from the modeling process. After deriving general equations, we apply them to a simple three-link active cannula. Experimental results illustrate the importance of including torsional effects and the ability of our model to predict energy bifurcation and active cannula shape.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "be749e59367ee1033477bb88503032cf",
"text": "This paper describes the results of field trials and associated testing of the OctArm series of multi-section continuous backbone \"continuum\" robots. This novel series of manipulators has recently (Spring 2005) undergone a series of trials including open-air and in-water field tests. Outcomes of the trials, in which the manipulators demonstrated the ability for adaptive and novel manipulation in challenging environments, are described. Implications for the deployment of continuum robots in a variety of applications are discussed",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "8bb465b2ec1f751b235992a79c6f7bf1",
"text": "Continuum robotics has rapidly become a rich and diverse area of research, with many designs and applications demonstrated. Despite this diversity in form and purpose, there exists remarkable similarity in the fundamental simplified kinematic models that have been applied to continuum robots. However, this can easily be obscured, especially to a newcomer to the field, by the different applications, coordinate frame choices, and analytical formalisms employed. In this paper we review several modeling approaches in a common frame and notational convention, illustrating that for piecewise constant curvature, they produce identical results. This discussion elucidates what has been articulated in different ways by a number of researchers in the past several years, namely that constant-curvature kinematics can be considered as consisting of two separate submappings: one that is general and applies to all continuum robots, and another that is robot-specific. These mappings are then developed both for the singlesection and for the multi-section case. Similarly, we discuss the decomposition of differential kinematics (the robot’s Jacobian) into robot-specific and robot-independent portions. The paper concludes with a perspective on several of the themes of current research that are shaping the future of continuum robotics.",
"title": ""
}
] | [
{
"docid": "d157d7b6e1c5796b6d7e8fedf66e81d8",
"text": "Intrusion detection for computer network systems becomes one of the most critical tasks for network administrators today. It has an important role for organizations, governments and our society due to its valuable resources on computer networks. Traditional misuse detection strategies are unable to detect new and unknown intrusion. Besides , anomaly detection in network security is aim to distinguish between illegal or malicious events and normal behavior of network systems. Anomaly detection can be considered as a classification problem where it builds models of normal network behavior, which it uses to detect new patterns that significantly deviate from the model. Most of the current research on anomaly detection is based on the learning of normally and anomaly behaviors. They do not take into account the previous, recent events to detect the new incoming one. In this paper, we propose a real time collective anomaly detection model based on neural network learning and feature operating. Normally a Long Short-Term Memory Recurrent Neural Network (LSTM RNN) is trained only on normal data and it is capable of predicting several time steps ahead of an input. In our approach, a LSTM RNN is trained with normal time series data before performing a live prediction for each time step. Instead of considering each time step separately, the observation of prediction errors from a certain number of time steps is now proposed as a new idea for detecting collective anomalies. The prediction errors from a number of the latest time steps above a threshold will indicate a collective anomaly. The model is built on a time series version of the KDD 1999 dataset. The experiments demonstrate that it is possible to offer reliable and efficient for collective anomaly detection.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "b55eb410f2a2c7eb6be1c70146cca203",
"text": "Permissioned blockchains are arising as a solution to federate companies prompting accountable interactions. A variety of consensus algorithms for such blockchains have been proposed, each of which has different benefits and drawbacks. Proof-of-Authority (PoA) is a new family of Byzantine fault-tolerant (BFT) consensus algorithms largely used in practice to ensure better performance than traditional Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance (PBFT). However, the lack of adequate analysis of PoA hinders any cautious evaluation of their effectiveness in real-world permissioned blockchains deployed over the Internet, hence on an eventually synchronous network experimenting Byzantine nodes. In this paper, we analyse two of the main PoA algorithms, named Aura and Clique, both in terms of provided guarantees and performances. First, we derive their functioning including how messages are exchanged, then we weight, by relying on the CAP theorem, consistency, availability and partition tolerance guarantees. We also report a qualitative latency analysis based on message rounds. The analysis advocates that PoA for permissioned blockchains, deployed over the Internet with Byzantine nodes, do not provide adequate consistency guarantees for scenarios where data integrity is essential. We claim that PBFT can fit better such scenarios, despite a limited loss in terms of performance.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "969a8e447fb70d22a7cbabe7fc47a9c9",
"text": "A novel multi-level AC six-phase motor drive is developed in this paper. The scheme is based on three conventional 2-level three-phase voltage source inverters (VSIs) supplying the open-end windings of a dual three-phase motor (six-phase induction machine). The proposed inverter is capable of supply the machine with multi-level voltage waveforms. The developed system is compared with the conventional solution and it is demonstrated that the drive system permits to reduce the harmonic distortion of the machine currents, to reduce the total semiconductor losses and to decrease the power processed by converter switches. The system model and the Pulse-Width Modulation (PWM) strategy are presented. The experimental verification was obtained by using IGBTs with dedicated drives and a digital signal processor (DSP) with plug-in boards and sensors.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "97412a2a6e6d91fef2c75b62aca5b6f4",
"text": "Predicting the outcome of National Basketball Association (NBA) matches poses a challenging problem of interest to the research community as well as the general public. In this article, we formalize the problem of predicting NBA game results as a classification problem and apply the principle of Maximum Entropy to construct an NBA Maximum Entropy (NBAME) model that fits to discrete statistics for NBA games, and then predict the outcomes of NBA playoffs using the model. Our results reveal that the model is able to predict the winning team with 74.4% accuracy, outperforming other classical machine learning algorithms that could only afford a maximum prediction accuracy of 70.6% in the experiments that we performed.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "dd4cc15729f65a0102028949b34cc56f",
"text": "Autonomous vehicles platooning has received considerable attention in recent years, due to its potential to significantly benefit road transportation, improving traffic efficiency, enhancing road safety and reducing fuel consumption. The Vehicular ad hoc Networks and the de facto vehicular networking standard IEEE 802.11p communication protocol are key tools for the deployment of platooning applications, since the cooperation among vehicles is based on a reliable communication structure. However, vehicular networks can suffer different security threats. Indeed, in collaborative driving applications, the sudden appearance of a malicious attack can mainly compromise: (i) the correctness of data traffic flow on the vehicular network by sending malicious messages that alter the platoon formation and its coordinated motion; (ii) the safety of platooning application by altering vehicular network communication capability. In view of the fact that cyber attacks can lead to dangerous implications for the security of autonomous driving systems, it is fundamental to consider their effects on the behavior of the interconnected vehicles, and to try to limit them from the control design stage. To this aim, in this work we focus on some relevant types of malicious threats that affect the platoon safety, i.e. application layer attacks (Spoofing and Message Falsification) and network layer attacks (Denial of Service and Burst Transmission), and we propose a novel collaborative control strategy for enhancing the protection level of autonomous platoons. The control protocol is designed and validated in both analytically and experimental way, for the appraised malicious attack scenarios and for different communication topology structures. The effectiveness of the proposed strategy is shown by using PLEXE, a state of the art inter-vehicular communications and mobility simulator that includes basic building blocks for platooning. A detailed experimental analysis discloses the robustness of the proposed approach and its capabilities in reacting to the malicious attack effects.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "25ed874d2bf1125b5539d595319d334b",
"text": "The notion of creativity, as opposed to related concepts such as beauty or interestingness, has not been studied from the perspective of automatic analysis of multimedia content. Meanwhile, short online videos shared on social media platforms, or micro-videos, have arisen as a new medium for creative expression. In this paper we study creative micro-videos in an effort to understand the features that make a video creative, and to address the problem of automatic detection of creative content. Defining creative videos as those that are novel and have aesthetic value, we conduct a crowdsourcing experiment to create a dataset of over 3, 800 micro-videos labelled as creative and non-creative. We propose a set of computational features that we map to the components of our definition of creativity, and conduct an analysis to determine which of these features correlate most with creative video. Finally, we evaluate a supervised approach to automatically detect creative video, with promising results, showing that it is necessary to model both aesthetic value and novelty to achieve optimal classification accuracy.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "5de19873c4bd67cdcc57d879d923dc10",
"text": "BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE\nNeuromyelitis optica (NMO) or Devic's disease is a rare inflammatory and demyelinating autoimmune disorder of the central nervous system (CNS) characterized by recurrent attacks of optic neuritis (ON) and longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis (LETM), which is distinct from multiple sclerosis (MS). The guidelines are designed to provide guidance for best clinical practice based on the current state of clinical and scientific knowledge.\n\n\nSEARCH STRATEGY\nEvidence for this guideline was collected by searches for original articles, case reports and meta-analyses in the MEDLINE and Cochrane databases. In addition, clinical practice guidelines of professional neurological and rheumatological organizations were studied.\n\n\nRESULTS\nDifferent diagnostic criteria for NMO diagnosis [Wingerchuk et al. Revised NMO criteria, 2006 and Miller et al. National Multiple Sclerosis Society (NMSS) task force criteria, 2008] and features potentially indicative of NMO facilitate the diagnosis. In addition, guidance for the work-up and diagnosis of spatially limited NMO spectrum disorders is provided by the task force. Due to lack of studies fulfilling requirement for the highest levels of evidence, the task force suggests concepts for treatment of acute exacerbations and attack prevention based on expert opinion.\n\n\nCONCLUSIONS\nStudies on diagnosis and management of NMO fulfilling requirements for the highest levels of evidence (class I-III rating) are limited, and diagnostic and therapeutic concepts based on expert opinion and consensus of the task force members were assembled for this guideline.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "53a55e8aa8b3108cdc8d015eabb3476d",
"text": "We investigate a family of poisoning attacks against Support Vector Machines (SVM). Such attacks inject specially crafted training data that increases the SVM’s test error. Central to the motivation for these attacks is the fact that most learning algorithms assume that their training data comes from a natural or well-behaved distribution. However, this assumption does not generally hold in security-sensitive settings. As we demonstrate, an intelligent adversary can, to some extent, predict the change of the SVM’s decision function due to malicious input and use this ability to construct malicious data. The proposed attack uses a gradient ascent strategy in which the gradient is computed based on properties of the SVM’s optimal solution. This method can be kernelized and enables the attack to be constructed in the input space even for non-linear kernels. We experimentally demonstrate that our gradient ascent procedure reliably identifies good local maxima of the non-convex validation error surface, which significantly increases the classifier’s test error.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "79e2e4af34e8a2b89d9439ff83b9fd5a",
"text": "PROBLEM\nThe current nursing workforce is composed of multigenerational staff members creating challenges and at times conflict for managers.\n\n\nMETHODS\nGenerational cohorts are defined and two multigenerational scenarios are presented and discussed using the ACORN imperatives and Hahn's Five Managerial Strategies for effectively managing a multigenerational staff.\n\n\nFINDINGS\nCommunication and respect are the underlying key strategies to understanding and bridging the generational gap in the workplace.\n\n\nCONCLUSION\nEmbracing and respecting generational differences can bring strength and cohesiveness to nursing teams on the managerial or unit level.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "1878b3e7742a0ffbd3da67be23c6e366",
"text": "Compensation for geometrical spreading along a raypath is one of the key steps in AVO amplitude-variation-with-offset analysis, in particular, for wide-azimuth surveys. Here, we propose an efficient methodology to correct long-spread, wide-azimuth reflection data for geometrical spreading in stratified azimuthally anisotropic media. The P-wave geometrical-spreading factor is expressed through the reflection traveltime described by a nonhyperbolic moveout equation that has the same form as in VTI transversely isotropic with a vertical symmetry axis media. The adapted VTI equation is parameterized by the normal-moveout NMO ellipse and the azimuthally varying anellipticity parameter . To estimate the moveout parameters, we apply a 3D nonhyperbolic semblance algorithm of Vasconcelos and Tsvankin that operates simultaneously with traces at all offsets and",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "ef372c1537c8eabb4595dc5385199575",
"text": "This article provides a review of the traditional clinical concepts for the design and fabrication of removable partial dentures (RPDs). Although classic theories and rules for RPD designs have been presented and should be followed, excellent clinical care for partially edentulous patients may also be achieved with computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing technology and unique blended designs. These nontraditional RPD designs and fabrication methods provide for improved fit, function, and esthetics by using computer-aided design software, composite resin for contours and morphology of abutment teeth, metal support structures for long edentulous spans and collapsed occlusal vertical dimensions, and flexible, nylon thermoplastic material for metal-supported clasp assemblies.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "afdc8b3e00a4fe39b281e17056d97664",
"text": "This demo presents the features of the Proactive Insights (PI) engine, which uses machine learning and artificial intelligence capabilities to automatically identify weaknesses in business processes, to reveal their root causes, and to give intelligent advice on how to improve process inefficiencies. We demonstrate the four PI elements covering Conformance, Machine Learning, Social, and Companion. The new insights are especially valuable for process managers and academics interested in BPM and process mining.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "df404258bca8d16cabf935fd94fc7463",
"text": "Training deep neural networks with Stochastic Gradient Descent, or its variants, requires careful choice of both learning rate and batch size. While smaller batch sizes generally converge in fewer training epochs, larger batch sizes offer more parallelism and hence better computational efficiency. We have developed a new training approach that, rather than statically choosing a single batch size for all epochs, adaptively increases the batch size during the training process. Our method delivers the convergence rate of small batch sizes while achieving performance similar to large batch sizes. We analyse our approach using the standard AlexNet, ResNet, and VGG networks operating on the popular CIFAR10, CIFAR-100, and ImageNet datasets. Our results demonstrate that learning with adaptive batch sizes can improve performance by factors of up to 6.25 on 4 NVIDIA Tesla P100 GPUs while changing accuracy by less than 1% relative to training with fixed batch sizes.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "ed769b97bea6d4bbe7e282ad6dbb1c67",
"text": "Three basic switching structures are defined: one is formed by two capacitors and three diodes; the other two are formed by two inductors and two diodes. They are inserted in either a Cuk converter, or a Sepic, or a Zeta converter. The SC/SL structures are built in such a way as when the active switch of the converter is on, the two inductors are charged in series or the two capacitors are discharged in parallel. When the active switch is off, the two inductors are discharged in parallel or the two capacitors are charged in series. As a result, the line voltage is reduced more times than in classical Cuk/Sepic/Zeta converters. The steady-state analysis of the new converters, a comparison of the DC voltage gain and of the voltage and current stresses of the new hybrid converters with those of the available quadratic converters, and experimental results are given",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "b36e9a2f1143fa242c4d372cb0ba38b3",
"text": "Invariance to nuisance transformations is one of the desirable properties of effective representations. We consider transformations that form a group and propose an approach based on kernel methods to derive local group invariant representations. Locality is achieved by defining a suitable probability distribution over the group which in turn induces distributions in the input feature space. We learn a decision function over these distributions by appealing to the powerful framework of kernel methods and generate local invariant random feature maps via kernel approximations. We show uniform convergence bounds for kernel approximation and provide generalization bounds for learning with these features. We evaluate our method on three real datasets, including Rotated MNIST and CIFAR-10, and observe that it outperforms competing kernel based approaches. The proposed method also outperforms deep CNN on RotatedMNIST and performs comparably to the recently proposed group-equivariant CNN.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "daa30843c26d285b3b42cb588e4d0cd1",
"text": "In this paper, we rigorously study tractable models for provably recovering low-rank tensors. Unlike their matrix-based predecessors, current convex approaches for recovering low-rank tensors based on incomplete (tensor completion) and/or grossly corrupted (tensor robust principal analysis) observations still suffer from the lack of theoretical guarantees, although they have been used in various recent applications and have exhibited promising empirical performance. In this work, we attempt to fill this gap. Specifically, we propose a class of convex recovery models (including strongly convex programs) that can be proved to guarantee exact recovery under certain conditions. All parameters in our formulations can be determined beforehand based on the measurement data and thus there is no parameter tuning involved.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "49d5f6fdc02c777d42830bac36f6e7e2",
"text": "Current tools for exploratory data analysis (EDA) require users to manually select data attributes, statistical computations and visual encodings. This can be daunting for large-scale, complex data. We introduce Foresight, a visualization recommender system that helps the user rapidly explore large high-dimensional datasets through “guideposts.” A guidepost is a visualization corresponding to a pronounced instance of a statistical descriptor of the underlying data, such as a strong linear correlation between two attributes, high skewness or concentration about the mean of a single attribute, or a strong clustering of values. For each descriptor, Foresight initially presents visualizations of the “strongest” instances, based on an appropriate ranking metric. Given these initial guideposts, the user can then look at “nearby” guideposts by issuing “guidepost queries” containing constraints on metric type, metric strength, data attributes, and data values. Thus, the user can directly explore the network of guideposts, rather than the overwhelming space of data attributes and visual encodings. Foresight also provides for each descriptor a global visualization of ranking-metric values to both help orient the user and ensure a thorough exploration process. Foresight facilitates interactive exploration of large datasets using fast, approximate sketching to compute ranking metrics. We also contribute insights on EDA practices of data scientists, summarizing results from an interview study we conducted to inform the design of Foresight.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "7ec93b17c88d09f8a442dd32127671d8",
"text": "Understanding the 3D structure of a scene is of vital importance, when it comes to developing fully autonomous robots. To this end, we present a novel deep learning based framework that estimates depth, surface normals and surface curvature by only using a single RGB image. To the best of our knowledge this is the first work to estimate surface curvature from colour using a machine learning approach. Additionally, we demonstrate that by tuning the network to infer well designed features, such as surface curvature, we can achieve improved performance at estimating depth and normals. This indicates that network guidance is still a useful aspect of designing and training a neural network. We run extensive experiments where the network is trained to infer different tasks while the model capacity is kept constant resulting in different feature maps based on the tasks at hand. We outperform the previous state-of-the-art benchmarks which jointly estimate depths and surface normals while predicting surface curvature in parallel.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "eebeb59c737839e82ecc20a748b12c6b",
"text": "We present SWARM, a wearable affective technology designed to help a user to reflect on their own emotional state, modify their affect, and interpret the emotional states of others. SWARM aims for a universal design (inclusive of people with various disabilities), with a focus on modular actuation components to accommodate users' sensory capabilities and preferences, and a scarf form-factor meant to reduce the stigma of accessible technologies through a fashionable embodiment. Using an iterative, user-centered approach, we present SWARM's design. Additionally, we contribute findings for communicating emotions through technology actuations, wearable design techniques (including a modular soft circuit design technique that fuses conductive fabric with actuation components), and universal design considerations for wearable technology.",
"title": ""
}
] | scidocsrr |
6d89ecca492e99422e5f8208633f8685 | Automatic Room Segmentation From Unstructured 3-D Data of Indoor Environments | [
{
"docid": "7399a8096f56c46a20715b9f223d05bf",
"text": "Recently, Rao-Blackwellized particle filters (RBPF) have been introduced as an effective means to solve the simultaneous localization and mapping problem. This approach uses a particle filter in which each particle carries an individual map of the environment. Accordingly, a key question is how to reduce the number of particles. In this paper, we present adaptive techniques for reducing this number in a RBPF for learning grid maps. We propose an approach to compute an accurate proposal distribution, taking into account not only the movement of the robot, but also the most recent observation. This drastically decreases the uncertainty about the robot's pose in the prediction step of the filter. Furthermore, we present an approach to selectively carry out resampling operations, which seriously reduces the problem of particle depletion. Experimental results carried out with real mobile robots in large-scale indoor, as well as outdoor, environments illustrate the advantages of our methods over previous approaches",
"title": ""
}
] | [
{
"docid": "e09d45316d48894bcfb3c5657cd19118",
"text": "In recent years, multiple-line acquisition (MLA) has been introduced to increase frame rate in cardiac ultrasound medical imaging. However, this method induces blocklike artifacts in the image. One approach suggested, synthetic transmit beamforming (STB), involves overlapping transmit beams which are then interpolated to remove the MLA blocking artifacts. Independently, the application of minimum variance (MV) beamforming has been suggested in the context of MLA. We demonstrate here that each approach is only a partial solution and that combining them provides a better result than applying either approach separately. This is demonstrated by using both simulated and real phantom data, as well as cardiac data. We also show that the STB-compensated MV beamfomer outperforms single-line acquisition (SLA) delay- and-sum in terms of lateral resolution.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "bb19e122737f08997585999575d2a394",
"text": "In this paper, shadow detection and compensation are treated as image enhancement tasks. The principal components analysis (PCA) and luminance based multi-scale Retinex (LMSR) algorithm are explored to detect and compensate shadow in high resolution satellite image. PCA provides orthogonally channels, thus allow the color to remain stable despite the modification of luminance. Firstly, the PCA transform is used to obtain the luminance channel, which enables us to detect shadow regions using histogram threshold technique. After detection, the LMSR technique is used to enhance the image only in luminance channel to compensate for shadows. Then the enhanced image is obtained by inverse transform of PCA. The final shadow compensation image is obtained by comparison of the original image, the enhanced image and the shadow detection image. Experiment results show the effectiveness of the proposed method.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "365b95202095942c4b2b43a5e6f6e04e",
"text": "Abstract. In this paper we use the contraction mapping theorem to obtain asymptotic stability results of the zero solution of a nonlinear neutral Volterra integro-differential equation with variable delays. Some conditions which allow the coefficient functions to change sign and do not ask the boundedness of delays are given. An asymptotic stability theorem with a necessary and sufficient condition is proved, which improve and extend the results in the literature. Two examples are also given to illustrate this work.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "884ea5137f9eefa78030608097938772",
"text": "In this paper, we propose a new concept - the \"Reciprocal Velocity Obstacle\"- for real-time multi-agent navigation. We consider the case in which each agent navigates independently without explicit communication with other agents. Our formulation is an extension of the Velocity Obstacle concept [3], which was introduced for navigation among (passively) moving obstacles. Our approach takes into account the reactive behavior of the other agents by implicitly assuming that the other agents make a similar collision-avoidance reasoning. We show that this method guarantees safe and oscillation- free motions for each of the agents. We apply our concept to navigation of hundreds of agents in densely populated environments containing both static and moving obstacles, and we show that real-time and scalable performance is achieved in such challenging scenarios.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "2c667b86fffdcb69e35a21795fc0e3bd",
"text": "We compiled details of over 8000 assessments of protected area management effectiveness across the world and developed a method for analyzing results across diverse assessment methodologies and indicators. Data was compiled and analyzed for over 4000 of these sites. Management of these protected areas varied from weak to effective, with about 40% showing major deficiencies. About 14% of the surveyed areas showed significant deficiencies across many management effectiveness indicators and hence lacked basic requirements to operate effectively. Strongest management factors recorded on average related to establishment of protected areas (legal establishment, design, legislation and boundary marking) and to effectiveness of governance; while the weakest aspects of management included community benefit programs, resourcing (funding reliability and adequacy, staff numbers and facility and equipment maintenance) and management effectiveness evaluation. Estimations of management outcomes, including both environmental values conservation and impact on communities, were positive. We conclude that in spite of inadequate funding and management process, there are indications that protected areas are contributing to biodiversity conservation and community well-being.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "233c9d97c70a95f71897b6f289c7d8a7",
"text": "The group Steiner tree problem is a generalization of the Steiner tree problem where we are given several subsets (groups) of vertices in a weighted graph, and the goal is to find a minimum-weight connected subgraph containing at least one vertex from each group. The problem was introduced by Reich and Widmayer and linds applications in VLSI design. The group Steiner tree problem generalizes the set covering problem, and is therefore at least as hard. We give a randomized O(log3 n log k)-approximation algorithm for the group Steiner tree problem on an n-node graph, where k is the number of groups. The best previous performance guarantee was (1 + ?)a (Bateman, Helvig, Robins and Zelikovsky). Noting that the group Steiner problem also models the network design problems with location-theoretic constraints studied by Marathe, Bavi and Sundaram, our results also improve their bicriteria approximation results. Similarly, we improve previous results by Slavik on a tour version, called the errand scheduling problem. We use the result of Bartal on probabilistic approximation of finite metric spaces by tree metrics problem to one in a tree metric. To find a solution on a tree, we use a generalization of randomized rounding. Our approximation guarantees improve to O(log’ nlog k) in the case of graphs that exclude small minors by using a better alternative to Bartal’s result on probabilistic approximations of metrics induced by such graphs (Konjevod, Ravi and Salman) this improvement is valid for the group Steiner problem on planar graphs as well as on a set of points in the 2D-Euclidean case. -",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "c48fa25b1e49d641efa08d3ce9960270",
"text": "This paper presents a novel mobility metric for mobile ad hoc networks (MANET) that is based on the ratio between the received power levels of successive transmissions measured at any node from all its neighboring nodes. This mobility metric is subsequently used as a basis for cluster formation which can be used for improving the scalability of services such as routing in such networks. We propose a distributed clustering algorithm, MOBIC, based on the use of this mobility metric for selection of clusterheads, and demonstrate that it leads to more stable cluster formation than the Lowest-ID clustering algorithm ( “least clusterhead change” [3]) which is a well known clustering algorithms for MANETs. We show reduction of as much as 33% in the number of clusterhead changes owing to the use of the proposed technique. In a MANET that uses scalable cluster-based services, the network performance metrics such as throughput and delay are tightly coupled with the frequency of cluster reorganization. Therefore, we believe that since using MOBIC results in a more stable configuration, it will directly lead to improvement of performance.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "1b52822b76e7ace1f7e12a6f2c92b060",
"text": "We treated the mandibular retrusion of a 20-year-old man by distraction osteogenesis. Our aim was to avoid any visible discontinuities in the soft tissue profile that may result from conventional \"one-step\" genioplasty. The result was excellent. In addition to a good aesthetic outcome, there was increased bone formation not only between the two surfaces of the osteotomy but also adjacent to the distraction zone, resulting in improved coverage of the roots of the lower incisors. Only a few patients have been treated so far, but the method seems to hold promise for the treatment of extreme retrognathism, as these patients often have insufficient buccal bone coverage.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "e11b4a08fc864112d4f68db1ea9703e9",
"text": "Forecasting is an integral part of any organization for their decision-making process so that they can predict their targets and modify their strategy in order to improve their sales or productivity in the coming future. This paper evaluates and compares various machine learning models, namely, ARIMA, Auto Regressive Neural Network(ARNN), XGBoost, SVM, Hy-brid Models like Hybrid ARIMA-ARNN, Hybrid ARIMA-XGBoost, Hybrid ARIMA-SVM and STL Decomposition (using ARIMA, Snaive, XGBoost) to forecast sales of a drug store company called Rossmann. Training data set contains past sales and supplemental information about drug stores. Accuracy of these models is measured by metrics such as MAE and RMSE. Initially, linear model such as ARIMA has been applied to forecast sales. ARIMA was not able to capture nonlinear patterns precisely, hence nonlinear models such as Neural Network, XGBoost and SVM were used. Nonlinear models performed better than ARIMA and gave low RMSE. Then, to further optimize the performance, composite models were designed using hybrid technique and decomposition technique. Hybrid ARIMA-ARNN, Hybrid ARIMA-XGBoost, Hybrid ARIMA-SVM were used and all of them performed better than their respective individual models. Then, the composite model was designed using STL Decomposition where the decomposed components namely seasonal, trend and remainder components were forecasted by Snaive, ARIMA and XGBoost. STL gave better results than individual and hybrid models. This paper evaluates and analyzes why composite models give better results than an individual model and state that decomposition technique is better than the hybrid technique for this application.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "92b4d9c69969c66a1d523c38fd0495a4",
"text": "A level designer typically creates the levels of a game to cater for a certain set of objectives, or mission. But in procedural content generation, it is common to treat the creation of missions and the generation of levels as two separate concerns. This often leads to generic levels that allow for various missions. However, this also creates a generic impression for the player, because the potential for synergy between the objectives and the level is not utilised. Following up on the mission-space generation concept, as described by Dormans [5], we explore the possibilities of procedurally generating a level from a designer-made mission. We use a generative grammar to transform a mission into a level in a mixed-initiative design setting. We provide two case studies, dungeon levels for a rogue-like game, and platformer levels for a metroidvania game. The generators differ in the way they use the mission to generate the space, but are created with the same tool for content generation based on model transformations. We discuss the differences between the two generation processes and compare it with a parameterized approach.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "ac0e5d2b50462a15928556bee7f8548e",
"text": "The concept of “truth,” as a public good is the production of a collective understanding, which emerges from a complex network of social interactions. The recent impact of social networks on shaping the perception of truth in political arena shows how such perception is corroborated and established by the online users, collectively. However, investigative journalism for discovering truth is a costly option, given the vast spectrum of online information. In some cases, both journalist and online users choose not to investigate the authenticity of the news they receive, because they assume other actors of the network had carried the cost of validation. Therefore, the new phenomenon of “fake news” has emerged within the context of social networks. The online social networks, similarly to System of Systems, cause emergent properties, which makes authentication processes difficult, given availability of multiple sources. In this study, we show how this conflict can be modeled as a volunteer's dilemma. We also show how the public contribution through news subscription (shared rewards) can impact the dominance of truth over fake news in the network.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "0105070bd23400083850627b1603af0b",
"text": "This research covers an endeavor by the author on the usage of automated vision and navigation framework; the research is conducted by utilizing a Kinect sensor requiring minimal effort framework for exploration purposes in the zone of robot route. For this framework, GMapping (a highly efficient Rao-Blackwellized particle filer to learn grid maps from laser range data) parameters have been optimized to improve the accuracy of the map generation and the laser scan. With the use of Robot Operating System (ROS), the open source GMapping bundle was utilized as a premise for a map era and Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM). Out of the many different map generation techniques, the tele-operation used is interactive marker, which controls the TurtleBot 2 movements via RVIZ (3D visualization tool for ROS). Test results completed with the multipurpose robot in a counterfeit and regular environment represents the preferences of the proposed strategy. From experiments, it is found that Kinect sensor produces a more accurate map compared to non-filtered laser range finder data, which is excellent since the price of a Kinect sensor is much cheaper than a laser range finder. An expansion of experimental results was likewise done to test the performance of the portable robot frontier exploring in an obscure environment while performing SLAM alongside the proposed technique.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "fb15647d528df8b8613376066d9f5e68",
"text": "This article described the feature extraction methods of crop disease based on computer image processing technology in detail. Based on color, texture and shape feature extraction method in three aspects features and their respective problems were introduced start from the perspective of lesion leaves. Application research of image feature extraction in the filed of crop disease was reviewed in recent years. The results were analyzed that about feature extraction methods, and then the application of image feature extraction techniques in the future detection of crop diseases in the field of intelligent was prospected.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "0b06586502303b6796f1f512129b5cbe",
"text": "This paper introduces an extension of collocational analysis that takes into account grammatical structure and is specifically geared to investigating the interaction of lexemes and the grammatical constructions associated with them. The method is framed in a construction-based approach to language, i.e. it assumes that grammar consists of signs (form-meaning pairs) and is thus not fundamentally different from the lexicon. The method is applied to linguistic expressions at various levels of abstraction (words, semi-fixed phrases, argument structures, tense, aspect and mood). The method has two main applications: first, to increase the adequacy of grammatical description by providing an objective way of identifying the meaning of a grammatical construction and determining the degree to which particular slots in it prefer or are restricted to a particular set of lexemes; second, to provide data for linguistic theory-building.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "a1a04d251e19a43455787cefa02bae53",
"text": "This paper provides an overview of CMOS-based sensor technology with specific attention placed on devices made through micromachining of CMOS substrates and thin films. Microstructures may be formed using either pre-CMOS, intra-CMOS and post-CMOS fabrication approaches. To illustrate and motivate monolithic integration, a handful of microsystem examples, including inertial sensors, gravimetric chemical sensors, microphones, and a bone implantable sensor will be highlighted. Design constraints and challenges for CMOS-MEMS devices will be covered",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "bb774fed5d447fdc181cb712c74925c2",
"text": "Test-driven development is a discipline that helps professional software developers ship clean, flexible code that works, on time. In this article, the author discusses how test-driven development can help software developers achieve a higher degree of professionalism",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "5bb9ca3c14dd84f1533789c3fe4bbd10",
"text": "The field of spondyloarthritis (SpA) has experienced major progress in the last decade, especially with regard to new treatments, earlier diagnosis, imaging technology and a better definition of outcome parameters for clinical trials. In the present work, the Assessment in SpondyloArthritis international Society (ASAS) provides a comprehensive handbook on the most relevant aspects for the assessments of spondyloarthritis, covering classification criteria, MRI and x rays for sacroiliac joints and the spine, a complete set of all measurements relevant for clinical trials and international recommendations for the management of SpA. The handbook focuses at this time on axial SpA, with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) being the prototype disease, for which recent progress has been faster than in peripheral SpA. The target audience includes rheumatologists, trial methodologists and any doctor and/or medical student interested in SpA. The focus of this handbook is on practicality, with many examples of MRI and x ray images, which will help to standardise not only patient care but also the design of clinical studies.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "91713d85bdccb2c06d7c50365bd7022c",
"text": "A 1 Mbit MRAM, a nonvolatile memory that uses magnetic tunnel junction (MJT) storage elements, has been characterized for total ionizing dose (TID) and single event latchup (SEL). Our results indicate that these devices show no single event latchup up to an effective LET of 84 MeV-cm2/mg (where our testing ended) and no bit failures to a TID of 75 krad (Si).",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "4d405c1c2919be01209b820f61876d57",
"text": "This paper presents a single-pole eight-throw switch, based on an eight-way power divider, using substrate integrate waveguide(SIW) technology. Eight sectorial-lines are formed by inserting radial slot-lines on the top plate of SIW power divider. Each sectorial-line can be controlled independently with high level of isolation. The switching is accomplished by altering the capacitance of the varactor on the line, which causes different input impedances to be seen at a central probe to each sectorial line. The proposed structure works as a switching circuit and an eight-way power divider depending on the bias condition. The change in resonant frequency and input impedance are estimated by adapting a tapered transmission line model. The detailed design, fabrication, and measurement are discussed.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "608ab1c58a84cd97f6444c5eff4bf8fc",
"text": "Light detection and ranging (lidar) is becoming an increasingly popular technology among scientists for the development of predictive models of forest biophysical variables. However, before this technology can be adopted with confidence for long-term monitoring applications in Canada, robust models must be developed that can be applied and validated over large and complex forested areas. This will require “scaling-up” from current models developed from high-density lidar data to low-density data collected at higher altitudes. This paper investigates the effect of lowering the average point spacing of discrete lidar returns on models of forest biophysical variables. Validation of results revealed that high-density models are well correlated with mean dominant height, basal area, crown closure, and average aboveground biomass (R2 = 0.84, 0.89, 0.60, and 0.91, respectively). Low-density models could not accurately predict crown closure (R2 = 0.36). However, they did provide slightly improved estimates for mean dominant height, basal area, and average aboveground biomass (R2 = 0.90, 0.91, and 0.92, respectively). Maps were generated and validated for the entire study area from the low-density models. The ability of low-density models to accurately map key biophysical variables is a positive indicator for the utility of lidar data for monitoring large forested areas. Résumé : Le lidar est en voie de devenir une technique de plus en plus populaire parmi les chercheurs pour le développement de modèles de prédiction des variables biophysiques de la forêt. Cependant, avant que cette technologie puisse être adoptée avec confiance pour le suivi à long terme au Canada, des modèles robustes pouvant être appliqués et validés pour des superficies de forêt vastes et complexes doivent être développés. Cela va exiger de passer des modèles courants développés à partir d’une forte densité de données lidar à une plus faible densité de données collectées à plus haute altitude. Cet article se penche sur l’effet de la diminution de l’espacement ponctuel moyen des échos individuels du lidar sur les modèles de variables biophysiques de la forêt. La validation des résultats a montré que les modèles à forte densité sont bien corrélés avec la hauteur dominante moyenne, la surface terrière, la fermeture du couvert et la biomasse aérienne moyenne (R2 = 0,84, 0,89, 0,60 et 0,91 respectivement). Les modèles à faible densité ne pouvaient pas correctement (R2 = 0,36) prédire la fermeture du couvert. Cependant, ils ont fourni des estimations légèrement meilleures pour la hauteur dominante moyenne, la surface terrière et la biomasse aérienne moyenne (R2 = 0,90, 0,91 et 0,92 respectivement). Des cartes ont été générées et validées pour toute la zone d’étude à partir de modèles à faible densité. La capacité des modèles à faible densité à cartographier correctement les variables biophysiques importantes est une indication positive de l’utilité des données lidar pour le suivi de vastes zones de forêt. [Traduit par la Rédaction] Thomas et al. 47",
"title": ""
}
] | scidocsrr |
aa7c85f32127a96c63fc22c07cbede29 | Unsupervised Discovery of Discourse Relations for Eliminating Intra-sentence Polarity Ambiguities | [
{
"docid": "7723c78b2ff8f9fdc285ee05b482efef",
"text": "We describe our experience in developing a discourse-annotated corpus for community-wide use. Working in the framework of Rhetorical Structure Theory, we were able to create a large annotated resource with very high consistency, using a well-defined methodology and protocol. This resource is made publicly available through the Linguistic Data Consortium to enable researchers to develop empirically grounded, discourse-specific applications.",
"title": ""
}
] | [
{
"docid": "ff1834a5b249c436dfa5a48b5f464568",
"text": "Communication primitives such as coding and multiple antenna processing have provided significant benefits for traditional wireless systems. Existing designs, however, consume significant power and computational resources, and hence cannot be run on low complexity, power constrained backscatter devices. This paper makes two main contributions: (1) we introduce the first multi-antenna cancellation design that operates on backscatter devices while retaining a small form factor and power footprint, (2) we introduce a novel coding mechanism that enables long range communication as well as concurrent transmissions and can be decoded on backscatter devices. We build hardware prototypes of the above designs that can be powered solely using harvested energy from TV and solar sources. The results show that our designs provide benefits for both RFID and ambient backscatter systems: they enable RFID tags to communicate directly with each other at distances of tens of meters and through multiple walls. They also increase the communication rate and range achieved by ambient backscatter systems by 100X and 40X respectively. We believe that this paper represents a substantial leap in the capabilities of backscatter communication.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "ca8d70248ef68c41f34eee375e511abf",
"text": "While mobile advertisement is the dominant source of revenue for mobile apps, the usage patterns of mobile users, and thus their engagement and exposure times, may be in conflict with the effectiveness of current ads. Users engagement with apps can range from a few seconds to several minutes, depending on a number of factors such as users' locations, concurrent activities and goals. Despite the wide-range of engagement times, the current format of ad auctions dictates that ads are priced, sold and configured prior to actual viewing, that is regardless of the actual ad exposure time.\n We argue that the wealth of easy-to-gather contextual information on mobile devices is sufficient to allow advertisers to make better choices by effectively predicting exposure time. We analyze mobile device usage patters with a detailed two-week long user study of 37 users in the US and South Korea. After characterizing application session times, we use factor analysis to derive a simple predictive model and show that is able to offer improved accuracy compared to mean session time over 90% of the time. We make the case for including predicted ad exposure duration in the price of mobile advertisements and posit that such information could significantly impact the effectiveness of mobile ads by giving publishers the ability to tune campaigns for engagement length, and enable a more efficient market for ad impressions while lowering network utilization and device power consumption.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "a258c6b5abf18cb3880e4bc7a436c887",
"text": "We propose a reactive controller framework for robust quadrupedal locomotion, designed to cope with terrain irregularities, trajectory tracking errors and poor state estimation. The framework comprises two main modules: One related to the generation of elliptic trajectories for the feet and the other for control of the stability of the whole robot. We propose a task space CPG-based trajectory generation that can be modulated according to terrain irregularities and the posture of the robot trunk. To improve the robot's stability, we implemented a null space based attitude control for the trunk and a push recovery algorithm based on the concept of capture points. Simulations and experimental results on the hydraulically actuated quadruped robot HyQ will be presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of our framework.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "c2e7425f719dd51eec0d8e180577269e",
"text": "Most important way of communication among humans is language and primary medium used for the said is speech. The speech recognizers make use of a parametric form of a signal to obtain the most important distinguishable features of speech signal for recognition purpose. In this paper, Linear Prediction Cepstral Coefficient (LPCC), Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficient (MFCC) and Bark frequency Cepstral coefficient (BFCC) feature extraction techniques for recognition of Hindi Isolated, Paired and Hybrid words have been studied and the corresponding recognition rates are compared. Artifical Neural Network is used as back end processor. The experimental results show that the better recognition rate is obtained for MFCC as compared to LPCC and BFCC for all the three types of words.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "04a85672df9da82f7e5da5b8b25c9481",
"text": "This study investigated long-term effects of training on postural control using the model of deficits in activation of transversus abdominis (TrA) in people with recurrent low back pain (LBP). Nine volunteers with LBP attended four sessions for assessment and/or training (initial, two weeks, four weeks and six months). Training of repeated isolated voluntary TrA contractions were performed at the initial and two-week session with feedback from real-time ultrasound imaging. Home program involved training twice daily for four weeks. Electromyographic activity (EMG) of trunk and deltoid muscles was recorded with surface and fine-wire electrodes. Rapid arm movement and walking were performed at each session, and immediately after training on the first two sessions. Onset of trunk muscle activation relative to prime mover deltoid during arm movements, and the coefficient of variation (CV) of EMG during averaged gait cycle were calculated. Over four weeks of training, onset of TrA EMG was earlier during arm movements and CV of TrA EMG was reduced (consistent with more sustained EMG activity). Changes were retained at six months follow-up (p<0.05). These results show persistence of motor control changes following training and demonstrate that this training approach leads to motor learning of automatic postural control strategies.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "f6342101ff8315bcaad4e4f965e6ba8a",
"text": "In radar imaging it is well known that relative motion or deformation of parts of illuminated objects induce additional features in the Doppler frequency spectra. These features are called micro-Doppler effect and appear as sidebands around the central Doppler frequency. They can provide valuable information about the structure of the moving parts and may be used for identification purposes [1].",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "df677d32bdbba01d27c8eb424b9893e9",
"text": "Active learning is an area of machine learning examining strategies for allocation of finite resources, particularly human labeling efforts and to an extent feature extraction, in situations where available data exceeds available resources. In this open problem paper, we motivate the necessity of active learning in the security domain, identify problems caused by the application of present active learning techniques in adversarial settings, and propose a framework for experimentation and implementation of active learning systems in adversarial contexts. More than other contexts, adversarial contexts particularly need active learning as ongoing attempts to evade and confuse classifiers necessitate constant generation of labels for new content to keep pace with adversarial activity. Just as traditional machine learning algorithms are vulnerable to adversarial manipulation, we discuss assumptions specific to active learning that introduce additional vulnerabilities, as well as present vulnerabilities that are amplified in the active learning setting. Lastly, we present a software architecture, Security-oriented Active Learning Testbed (SALT), for the research and implementation of active learning applications in adversarial contexts.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "8439309414a9999abbd0e0be95a25fb8",
"text": "Cython is a Python language extension that allows explicit type declarations and is compiled directly to C. As such, it addresses Python's large overhead for numerical loops and the difficulty of efficiently using existing C and Fortran code, which Cython can interact with natively.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "89238dd77c0bf0994b53190078eb1921",
"text": "Several methods exist for a computer to generate music based on data including Markov chains, recurrent neural networks, recombinancy, and grammars. We explore the use of unit selection and concatenation as a means of generating music using a procedure based on ranking, where, we consider a unit to be a variable length number of measures of music. We first examine whether a unit selection method, that is restricted to a finite size unit library, can be sufficient for encompassing a wide spectrum of music. This is done by developing a deep autoencoder that encodes a musical input and reconstructs the input by selecting from the library. We then describe a generative model that combines a deep structured semantic model (DSSM) with an LSTM to predict the next unit, where units consist of four, two, and one measures of music. We evaluate the generative model using objective metrics including mean rank and accuracy and with a subjective listening test in which expert musicians are asked to complete a forcedchoiced ranking task. Our system is compared to a note-level generative baseline model that consists of a stacked LSTM trained to predict forward by one note.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "410bd8286a87a766dd221c1269f05c04",
"text": "The lowand mid-frequency model of the transformer with resistive load is analysed for different values of coupling coefficients. The model comprising of coupling-dependent inductances is used to derive the following characteristics: voltage gain, current gain, bandwidth, input impedance, and transformer efficiency. It is shown that in the lowand mid-frequency range, the turns ratio between the windings is a strong function of the coupling coefficient, i.e., if the coupling coefficient decreases, then the effective turns ratio reduces. A practical transformer was designed, simulated, and tested. It was observed that the magnitudes of the voltage transfer function and current transfer function exhibit a maximum value each at a different value of coupling coefficient. In addition, as the coupling coefficient decreases, the transformer bandwidth also decreases. Furthermore, analytical expressions for the transformer efficiency for resistive loads are derived and its variation with respect to frequency at different coupling coefficients is investigated. It is shown that the transformer efficiency is maximum at any coupling coefficient if the input resistance is equal to the load resistance. Experimental validation of the theoretical results was performed using a practical transformer set-up. The theoretical predictions were found to be in good agreement with the experimental results.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "2ea886246d4f59d88c3eabd99c60dd5d",
"text": "This paper proposes a Modified Particle Swarm Optimization with Time Varying Acceleration Coefficients (MPSO-TVAC) for solving economic load dispatch (ELD) problem. Due to prohibited operating zones (POZ) and ramp rate limits of the practical generators, the ELD problems become nonlinear and nonconvex optimization problem. Furthermore, the ELD problem may be more complicated if transmission losses are considered. Particle swarm optimization (PSO) is one of the famous heuristic methods for solving nonconvex problems. However, this method may suffer to trap at local minima especially for multimodal problem. To improve the solution quality and robustness of PSO algorithm, a new best neighbour particle called ‘rbest’ is proposed. The rbest provides extra information for each particle that is randomly selected from other best particles in order to diversify the movement of particle and avoid premature convergence. The effectiveness of MPSO-TVAC algorithm is tested on different power systems with POZ, ramp-rate limits and transmission loss constraints. To validate the performances of the proposed algorithm, comparative studies have been carried out in terms of convergence characteristic, solution quality, computation time and robustness. Simulation results found that the proposed MPSO-TVAC algorithm has good solution quality and more robust than other methods reported in previous work.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "aa64bd9576044ec5e654c9f29c4f7d84",
"text": "BACKGROUND\nSocial media are dynamic and interactive computer-mediated communication tools that have high penetration rates in the general population in high-income and middle-income countries. However, in medicine and health care, a large number of stakeholders (eg, clinicians, administrators, professional colleges, academic institutions, ministries of health, among others) are unaware of social media's relevance, potential applications in their day-to-day activities, as well as the inherent risks and how these may be attenuated and mitigated.\n\n\nOBJECTIVE\nWe conducted a narrative review with the aim to present case studies that illustrate how, where, and why social media are being used in the medical and health care sectors.\n\n\nMETHODS\nUsing a critical-interpretivist framework, we used qualitative methods to synthesize the impact and illustrate, explain, and provide contextual knowledge of the applications and potential implementations of social media in medicine and health care. Both traditional (eg, peer-reviewed) and nontraditional (eg, policies, case studies, and social media content) sources were used, in addition to an environmental scan (using Google and Bing Web searches) of resources.\n\n\nRESULTS\nWe reviewed, evaluated, and synthesized 76 articles, 44 websites, and 11 policies/reports. Results and case studies are presented according to 10 different categories of social media: (1) blogs (eg, WordPress), (2) microblogs (eg, Twitter), (3) social networking sites (eg, Facebook), (4) professional networking sites (eg, LinkedIn, Sermo), (5) thematic networking sites (eg, 23andMe), (6) wikis (eg, Wikipedia), (7) mashups (eg, HealthMap), (8) collaborative filtering sites (eg, Digg), (9) media sharing sites (eg, YouTube, Slideshare), and others (eg, SecondLife). Four recommendations are provided and explained for stakeholders wishing to engage with social media while attenuating risk: (1) maintain professionalism at all times, (2) be authentic, have fun, and do not be afraid, (3) ask for help, and (4) focus, grab attention, and engage.\n\n\nCONCLUSIONS\nThe role of social media in the medical and health care sectors is far reaching, and many questions in terms of governance, ethics, professionalism, privacy, confidentiality, and information quality remain unanswered. By following the guidelines presented, professionals have a starting point to engage with social media in a safe and ethical manner. Future research will be required to understand the synergies between social media and evidence-based practice, as well as develop institutional policies that benefit patients, clinicians, public health practitioners, and industry alike.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "06f6ffa9c1c82570b564e1cd0f719950",
"text": "Widespread use of biometric architectures implies the need to secure highly sensitive data to respect the privacy rights of the users. In this paper, we discuss the following question: To what extent can biometric designs be characterized as Privacy Enhancing Technologies? The terms of privacy and security for biometric schemes are defined, while current regulations for the protection of biometric information are presented. Additionally, we analyze and compare cryptographic techniques for secure biometric designs. Finally, we introduce a privacy-preserving approach for biometric authentication in mobile electronic financial applications. Our model utilizes the mechanism of pseudonymous biometric identities for secure user registration and authentication. We discuss how the privacy requirements for the processing of biometric data can be met in our scenario. This work attempts to contribute to the development of privacy-by-design biometric technologies.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "74a91327b85ac9681f618d4ba6a86151",
"text": "In this paper, a miniaturized planar antenna with enhanced bandwidth is designed for the ISM 433 MHz applications. The antenna is realized by cascading two resonant structures with meander lines, thus introducing two different radiating branches to realize two neighboring resonant frequencies. The techniques of shorting pin and novel ground plane are adopted for bandwidth enhancement. Combined with these structures, a novel antenna with a total size of 23 mm × 49.5 mm for the ISM band application is developed and fabricated. Measured results show that the proposed antenna has good performance with the -10 dB impedance bandwidth is about 12.5 MHz and the maximum gain is about -2.8 dBi.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "f0f88be4a2b7619f6fb5cdcca1741d1f",
"text": "BACKGROUND\nThere is no evidence from randomized trials to support a strategy of lowering systolic blood pressure below 135 to 140 mm Hg in persons with type 2 diabetes mellitus. We investigated whether therapy targeting normal systolic pressure (i.e., <120 mm Hg) reduces major cardiovascular events in participants with type 2 diabetes at high risk for cardiovascular events.\n\n\nMETHODS\nA total of 4733 participants with type 2 diabetes were randomly assigned to intensive therapy, targeting a systolic pressure of less than 120 mm Hg, or standard therapy, targeting a systolic pressure of less than 140 mm Hg. The primary composite outcome was nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, or death from cardiovascular causes. The mean follow-up was 4.7 years.\n\n\nRESULTS\nAfter 1 year, the mean systolic blood pressure was 119.3 mm Hg in the intensive-therapy group and 133.5 mm Hg in the standard-therapy group. The annual rate of the primary outcome was 1.87% in the intensive-therapy group and 2.09% in the standard-therapy group (hazard ratio with intensive therapy, 0.88; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.73 to 1.06; P=0.20). The annual rates of death from any cause were 1.28% and 1.19% in the two groups, respectively (hazard ratio, 1.07; 95% CI, 0.85 to 1.35; P=0.55). The annual rates of stroke, a prespecified secondary outcome, were 0.32% and 0.53% in the two groups, respectively (hazard ratio, 0.59; 95% CI, 0.39 to 0.89; P=0.01). Serious adverse events attributed to antihypertensive treatment occurred in 77 of the 2362 participants in the intensive-therapy group (3.3%) and 30 of the 2371 participants in the standard-therapy group (1.3%) (P<0.001).\n\n\nCONCLUSIONS\nIn patients with type 2 diabetes at high risk for cardiovascular events, targeting a systolic blood pressure of less than 120 mm Hg, as compared with less than 140 mm Hg, did not reduce the rate of a composite outcome of fatal and nonfatal major cardiovascular events. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00000620.)",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "f3cb18c15459dd7a9c657e32442bd289",
"text": "The advent of crowdsourcing has created a variety of new opportunities for improving upon traditional methods of data collection and annotation. This in turn has created intriguing new opportunities for data-driven machine learning (ML). Convenient access to crowd workers for simple data collection has further generalized to leveraging more arbitrary crowd-based human computation (von Ahn 2005) to supplement automated ML. While new potential applications of crowdsourcing continue to emerge, a variety of practical and sometimes unexpected obstacles have already limited the degree to which its promised potential can be actually realized in practice. This paper considers two particular aspects of crowdsourcing and their interplay, data quality control (QC) and ML, reflecting on where we have been, where we are, and where we might go from here.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "400048566b24d7527845f7c6b6d86fc0",
"text": "In brief: Diagnosis of skier's thumb-a common sports injury-is based on physical examination and history of the injury. The most important findings from the physical exam are point tenderness over the ulnar collateral ligament and instability, which is tested with the thumb at 0° and at 20° to 30° of flexion. Grade 1 and 2 injuries, which involve torn fibers but no loss of integrity, can be treated with casting and/or splinting and physical therapy. Grade 3 injuries involve complete disruption of the ligament and usually require surgical repair. Results from treatment are generally excellent, and with appropriate rehabilitation, athletes recover pinch and grip strength and return to sports.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "06d2d07ed7532aa19b779607a21afef7",
"text": "BACKGROUND\nMyocardium irreversibly injured by ischemic stress must be efficiently repaired to maintain tissue integrity and contractile performance. Macrophages play critical roles in this process. These cells transform across a spectrum of phenotypes to accomplish diverse functions ranging from mediating the initial inflammatory responses that clear damaged tissue to subsequent reparative functions that help rebuild replacement tissue. Although macrophage transformation is crucial to myocardial repair, events governing this transformation are poorly understood.\n\n\nMETHODS\nHere, we set out to determine whether innate immune responses triggered by cytoplasmic DNA play a role.\n\n\nRESULTS\nWe report that ischemic myocardial injury, along with the resulting release of nucleic acids, activates the recently described cyclic GMP-AMP synthase-stimulator of interferon genes pathway. Animals lacking cyclic GMP-AMP synthase display significantly improved early survival after myocardial infarction and diminished pathological remodeling, including ventricular rupture, enhanced angiogenesis, and preserved ventricular contractile function. Furthermore, cyclic GMP-AMP synthase loss of function abolishes the induction of key inflammatory programs such as inducible nitric oxide synthase and promotes the transformation of macrophages to a reparative phenotype, which results in enhanced repair and improved hemodynamic performance.\n\n\nCONCLUSIONS\nThese results reveal, for the first time, that the cytosolic DNA receptor cyclic GMP-AMP synthase functions during cardiac ischemia as a pattern recognition receptor in the sterile immune response. Furthermore, we report that this pathway governs macrophage transformation, thereby regulating postinjury cardiac repair. Because modulators of this pathway are currently in clinical use, our findings raise the prospect of new treatment options to combat ischemic heart disease and its progression to heart failure.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "f443e22db2a2313b47168740662ad187",
"text": "Tunneling-field-effect-transistor (TFET) has emerged as an alternative for conventional CMOS by enabling the supply voltage (VDD) scaling in ultra-low power, energy efficient computing, due to its sub-60 mV/ decade sub-threshold slope (SS). Given its unique device characteristics such as the asymmetrical source/drain design induced uni-directional conduction, enhanced on-state Miller capacitance effect and steep switching at low voltages, TFET based circuit design requires strong interactions between the device-level and the circuit-level to explore the performance benefits, with certain modifications of the conventional CMOS circuits to achieve the functionality and optimal energy efficiency. Because TFET operates at low supply voltage range (VDD < 0:5 V) to outperform CMOS, reliability issues can have profound impact on the circuit design from the practical application perspective. In this review paper, we present recent development on Tunnel FET device design, and modeling technique for circuit implementation and performance benchmarking. We focus on the reliability issues such as soft-error, electrical noise and process variation, and their impact on TFET based circuit performance compared to sub-threshold CMOS. Analytical models of electrical noise and process variation are also discussed for circuit-level",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "1e25480ef6bd5974fcd806aac7169298",
"text": "Alphabetical ciphers are being used since centuries for inducing confusion in messages, but there are some drawbacks that are associated with Classical alphabetic techniques like concealment of key and plaintext. Here in this paper we will suggest an encryption technique that is a blend of both classical encryption as well as modern technique, this hybrid technique will be superior in terms of security than average Classical ciphers.",
"title": ""
}
] | scidocsrr |
2ea6466de9702c55fb87df541947b9d0 | Searching by Talking: Analysis of Voice Queries on Mobile Web Search | [
{
"docid": "ef08ef786fd759b33a7d323c69be19db",
"text": "Language modeling approaches to information retrieval are attractive and promising because they connect the problem of retrieval with that of language model estimation, which has been studied extensively in other application areas such as speech recognition. The basic idea of these approaches is to estimate a language model for each document, and then rank documents by the likelihood of the query according to the estimated language model. A core problem in language model estimation is smoothing, which adjusts the maximum likelihood estimator so as to correct the inaccuracy due to data sparseness. In this paper, we study the problem of language model smoothing and its influence on retrieval performance. We examine the sensitivity of retrieval performance to the smoothing parameters and compare several popular smoothing methods on different test collection.",
"title": ""
}
] | [
{
"docid": "f4abfe0bb969e2a6832fa6317742f202",
"text": "We built a highly compliant, underactuated, robust and at the same time dexterous anthropomorphic hand. We evaluate its dexterous grasping capabilities by implementing the comprehensive Feix taxonomy of human grasps and by assessing the dexterity of its opposable thumb using the Kapandji test. We also illustrate the hand’s payload limits and demonstrate its grasping capabilities in real-world grasping experiments. To support our claim that compliant structures are beneficial for dexterous grasping, we compare the dimensionality of control necessary to implement the diverse grasp postures with the dimensionality of the grasp postures themselves. We find that actuation space is smaller than posture space and explain the difference with the mechanic interaction between hand and grasped object. Additional desirable properties are derived from using soft robotics technology: the hand is robust to impact and blunt collisions, inherently safe, and not affected by dirt, dust, or liquids. Furthermore, the hand is simple and inexpensive to manufacture.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "b0c60343724a49266fac2d2f4c2d37d3",
"text": "In the Western world, aging is a growing problem of the society and computer assisted treatments can facilitate the telemedicine for old people or it can help in rehabilitations of patients after sport accidents in far locations. Physical exercises play an important role in physiotherapy and RGB-D devices can be utilized to recognize them in order to make interactive computer healthcare applications in the future. A practical model definition is introduced in this paper to recognize different exercises with Asus Xtion camera. One of the contributions is the extendable recognition models to detect other human activities with noisy sensors, but avoiding heavy data collection. The experiments show satisfactory detection performance without any false positives which is unique in the field to the best of the author knowledge. The computational costs are negligible thus the developed models can be suitable for embedded systems.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "d7bb22eefbff0a472d3e394c61788be2",
"text": "Crowd evacuation of a building has been studied over the last decades. In this paper, seven methodological approaches for crowd evacuation have been identified. These approaches include cellular automata models, lattice gas models, social force models, fluid-dynamic models, agent-based models, game theoretic models, and approaches based on experiments with animals. According to available literatures, we discuss the advantages and disadvantages of these approaches, and conclude that a variety of different kinds of approaches should be combined to study crowd evacuation. Psychological and physiological elements affecting individual and collective behaviors should be also incorporated into the evacuation models. & 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "ca9c4512d2258a44590a298879219970",
"text": "I propose a common framework that combines three different paradigms in machine learning: generative, discriminative and imitative learning. A generative probabilistic distribution is a principled way to model many machine learning and machine perception problems. Therein, one provides domain specific knowledge in terms of structure and parameter priors over the joint space of variables. Bayesian networks and Bayesian statistics provide a rich and flexible language for specifying this knowledge and subsequently refining it with data and observations. The final result is a distribution that is a good generator of novel exemplars. Conversely, discriminative algorithms adjust a possibly non-distributional model to data optimizing for a specific task, such as classification or prediction. This typically leads to superior performance yet compromises the flexibility of generative modeling. I present Maximum Entropy Discrimination (MED) as a framework to combine both discriminative estimation and generative probability densities. Calculations involve distributions over parameters, margins, and priors and are provably and uniquely solvable for the exponential family. Extensions include regression, feature selection, and transduction. SVMs are also naturally subsumed and can be augmented with, for example, feature selection, to obtain substantial improvements. To extend to mixtures of exponential families, I derive a discriminative variant of the ExpectationMaximization (EM) algorithm for latent discriminative learning (or latent MED). While EM and Jensen lower bound log-likelihood, a dual upper bound is made possible via a novel reverse-Jensen inequality. The variational upper bound on latent log-likelihood has the same form as EM bounds, is computable efficiently and is globally guaranteed. It permits powerful discriminative learning with the wide range of contemporary probabilistic mixture models (mixtures of Gaussians, mixtures of multinomials and hidden Markov models). We provide empirical results on standardized data sets that demonstrate the viability of the hybrid discriminative-generative approaches of MED and reverse-Jensen bounds over state of the art discriminative techniques or generative approaches. Subsequently, imitative learning is presented as another variation on generative modeling which also learns from exemplars from an observed data source. However, the distinction is that the generative model is an agent that is interacting in a much more complex surrounding external world. It is not efficient to model the aggregate space in a generative setting. I demonstrate that imitative learning (under appropriate conditions) can be adequately addressed as a discriminative prediction task which outperforms the usual generative approach. This discriminative-imitative learning approach is applied with a generative perceptual system to synthesize a real-time agent that learns to engage in social interactive behavior. Thesis Supervisor: Alex Pentland Title: Toshiba Professor of Media Arts and Sciences, MIT Media Lab Discriminative, Generative and Imitative Learning",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "9584909fc62cca8dc5c9d02db7fa7e5d",
"text": "As the nature of many materials handling tasks have begun to change from lifting to pushing and pulling, it is important that one understands the biomechanical nature of the risk to which the lumbar spine is exposed. Most previous assessments of push-pull tasks have employed models that may not be sensitive enough to consider the effects of the antagonistic cocontraction occurring during complex pushing and pulling motions in understanding the risk to the spine and the few that have considered the impact of cocontraction only consider spine load at one lumbar level. This study used an electromyography-assisted biomechanical model sensitive to complex motions to assess spine loadings throughout the lumbar spine as 10 males and 10 females pushed and pulled loads at three different handle heights and of three different load magnitudes. Pulling induced greater spine compressive loads than pushing, whereas the reverse was true for shear loads at the different lumbar levels. The results indicate that, under these conditions, anterior-posterior (A/P) shear loads were of sufficient magnitude to be of concern especially at the upper lumbar levels. Pushing and pulling loads equivalent to 20% of body weight appeared to be the limit of acceptable exertions, while pulling at low and medium handle heights (50% and 65% of stature) minimised A/P shear. These findings provide insight to the nature of spine loads and their potential risk to the low back during modern exertions.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "4cc4c8fd07f30b5546be2376c1767c19",
"text": "We apply new bilevel and trilevel optimization models to make critical infrastructure more resilient against terrorist attacks. Each model features an intelligent attacker (terrorists) and a defender (us), information transparency, and sequential actions by attacker and defender. We illustrate with examples of the US Strategic Petroleum Reserve, the US Border Patrol at Yuma, Arizona, and an electrical transmission system. We conclude by reporting insights gained from the modeling experience and many “red-team” exercises. Each exercise gathers open-source data on a real-world infrastructure system, develops an appropriate bilevel or trilevel model, and uses these to identify vulnerabilities in the system or to plan an optimal defense.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "8c174dbb8468b1ce6f4be3676d314719",
"text": "An estimated 24 million people worldwide have dementia, the majority of whom are thought to have Alzheimer's disease. Thus, Alzheimer's disease represents a major public health concern and has been identified as a research priority. Although there are licensed treatments that can alleviate symptoms of Alzheimer's disease, there is a pressing need to improve our understanding of pathogenesis to enable development of disease-modifying treatments. Methods for improving diagnosis are also moving forward, but a better consensus is needed for development of a panel of biological and neuroimaging biomarkers that support clinical diagnosis. There is now strong evidence of potential risk and protective factors for Alzheimer's disease, dementia, and cognitive decline, but further work is needed to understand these better and to establish whether interventions can substantially lower these risks. In this Seminar, we provide an overview of recent evidence regarding the epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of Alzheimer's disease, and discuss potential ways to reduce the risk of developing the disease.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "8af2e53cb3f77a2590945f135a94279b",
"text": "Time series data are an ubiquitous and important data source in many domains. Most companies and organizations rely on this data for critical tasks like decision-making, planning, and analytics in general. Usually, all these tasks focus on actual data representing organization and business processes. In order to assess the robustness of current systems and methods, it is also desirable to focus on time-series scenarios which represent specific time-series features. This work presents a generally applicable and easy-to-use method for the feature-driven generation of time series data. Our approach extracts descriptive features of a data set and allows the construction of a specific version by means of the modification of these features.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "6b8329ef59c6811705688e48bf6c0c08",
"text": "Since the invention of word2vec, the skip-gram model has significantly advanced the research of network embedding, such as the recent emergence of the DeepWalk, LINE, PTE, and node2vec approaches. In this work, we show that all of the aforementioned models with negative sampling can be unified into the matrix factorization framework with closed forms. Our analysis and proofs reveal that: (1) DeepWalk empirically produces a low-rank transformation of a network's normalized Laplacian matrix; (2) LINE, in theory, is a special case of DeepWalk when the size of vertices' context is set to one; (3) As an extension of LINE, PTE can be viewed as the joint factorization of multiple networks» Laplacians; (4) node2vec is factorizing a matrix related to the stationary distribution and transition probability tensor of a 2nd-order random walk. We further provide the theoretical connections between skip-gram based network embedding algorithms and the theory of graph Laplacian. Finally, we present the NetMF method as well as its approximation algorithm for computing network embedding. Our method offers significant improvements over DeepWalk and LINE for conventional network mining tasks. This work lays the theoretical foundation for skip-gram based network embedding methods, leading to a better understanding of latent network representation learning.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "1785d1d7da87d1b6e5c41ea89e447bf9",
"text": "Web usage mining is the application of data mining techniques to discover usage patterns from Web data, in order to understand and better serve the needs of Web-based applications. Web usage mining consists of three phases, namely preprocessing, pattern discovery, and pattern analysis. This paper describes each of these phases in detail. Given its application potential, Web usage mining has seen a rapid increase in interest, from both the research and practice communities. This paper provides a detailed taxonomy of the work in this area, including research efforts as well as commercial offerings. An up-to-date survey of the existing work is also provided. Finally, a brief overview of the WebSIFT system as an example of a prototypical Web usage mining system is given.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "924768b271caa9d1ba0cb32ab512f92e",
"text": "Traditional keyboard and mouse based presentation prevents lecturers from interacting with the audiences freely and closely. In this paper, we propose a gesture-aware presentation tool named SlideShow to liberate lecturers from physical space constraints and make human-computer interaction more natural and convenient. In our system, gesture data is obtained by a handle controller with 3-axis accelerometer and gyro and transmitted to host-side through bluetooth, then we use Bayesian change point detection to segment continuous gesture series and HMM to recognize the gesture. In consequence Slideshow could carry out the corresponding operations on PowerPoint(PPT) to make a presentation, and operation states can be switched automatically and intelligently during the presentation. Both the experimental and testing results show our approach is practical, useful and convenient.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "d2f64c21d0a3a54b4a2b75b7dd7df029",
"text": "Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data EB. Boston studies in the philosophy of science.The concept of autopoiesis is due to Maturana and Varela 8, 9. The aim of this article is to revisit the concepts of autopoiesis and cognition in the hope of.Amazon.com: Autopoiesis and Cognition: The Realization of the Living Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science, Vol. 42 9789027710161: H.R. Maturana.Autopoiesis, The Santiago School of Cognition, and. In their early work together Maturana and Varela developed the idea of autopoiesis.Autopoiesis and Cognition: The Realization of the Living Dordecht.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "566c6e3f9267fc8ccfcf337dc7aa7892",
"text": "Research into the values motivating unsustainable behavior has generated unique insight into how NGOs and environmental campaigns contribute toward successfully fostering significant and long-term behavior change, yet thus far this research has not been applied to the domain of sustainable HCI. We explore the implications of this research as it relates to the potential limitations of current approaches to persuasive technology, and what it means for designing higher impact interventions. As a means of communicating these implications to be readily understandable and implementable, we develop a set of antipatterns to describe persuasive technology approaches that values research suggests are unlikely to yield significant sustainability wins, and a complementary set of patterns to describe new guidelines for what may become persuasive technology best practice.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "f48d02ff3661d3b91c68d6fcf750f83e",
"text": "There have been a number of techniques developed in recent years for the efficient analysis of probabilistic inference problems, represented as Bayes' networks or influence diagrams (Lauritzen and Spiegelhalter [9], Pearl [12], Shachter [14]). To varying degrees these methods exploit the conditional independence assumed and revealed in the problem structure to analyze problems in polynomial time, essentially polynomial in the number of variables and the size of the largest state space encountered during the evaluation. Unfortunately, there are many problems of interest for which the variables of interest are continuous rather than discrete, so the relevant state spaces become infinite and the polynomial complexity is of little help.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "c3558d8f79cd8a7f53d8b6073c9a7db3",
"text": "De novo assembly of RNA-seq data enables researchers to study transcriptomes without the need for a genome sequence; this approach can be usefully applied, for instance, in research on 'non-model organisms' of ecological and evolutionary importance, cancer samples or the microbiome. In this protocol we describe the use of the Trinity platform for de novo transcriptome assembly from RNA-seq data in non-model organisms. We also present Trinity-supported companion utilities for downstream applications, including RSEM for transcript abundance estimation, R/Bioconductor packages for identifying differentially expressed transcripts across samples and approaches to identify protein-coding genes. In the procedure, we provide a workflow for genome-independent transcriptome analysis leveraging the Trinity platform. The software, documentation and demonstrations are freely available from http://trinityrnaseq.sourceforge.net. The run time of this protocol is highly dependent on the size and complexity of data to be analyzed. The example data set analyzed in the procedure detailed herein can be processed in less than 5 h.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "745cdbb442c73316f691dc20cc696f31",
"text": "Computer-generated texts, whether from Natural Language Generation (NLG) or Machine Translation (MT) systems, are often post-edited by humans before being released to users. The frequency and type of post-edits is a measure of how well the system works, and can be used for evaluation. We describe how we have used post-edit data to evaluate SUMTIME-MOUSAM, an NLG system that produces weather forecasts.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "f90784e4bdaad1f8ecb5941867a467cf",
"text": "Social Networks (SN) Sites are becoming very popular and the number of users is increasing rapidly. However, with that increase there is also an increase in the security threats which affect the users’ privacy, identity and confidentiality. Different research groups highlighted the security threats in SN and attempted to offer some solutions to these issues. In this paper we survey several examples of this research and highlight the approaches. All the models we surveyed were focusing on protecting users’ information yet they failed to cover other important issues. For example, none of the mechanisms provided the users with control over what others can reveal about them; and encryption of images is still not achieved properly. Generally having higher security measures will affect the system’s performance in terms of speed and response time. However, this trade-off was not discussed or addressed in any of the models we surveyed.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "a38986fcee27fb733ec51cf83771a85f",
"text": "A tunable broadband inverted microstrip line phase shifter filled with Liquid Crystals (LCs) is investigated between 1.125 GHz and 35 GHz at room temperature. The effective dielectric anisotropy is tuned by a DC-voltage of up to 30 V. In addition to standard LCs like K15 (5CB), a novel highly anisotropic LC mixture is characterized by a resonator method at 8.5 GHz, showing a very high dielectric anisotropy /spl Delta/n of 0.32 for the novel mixture compared to 0.13 for K15. These LCs are filled into two inverted microstrip line phase shifter devices with different polyimide films and heights. With a physical length of 50 mm, the insertion losses are about 4 dB for the novel mixture compared to 6 dB for K15 at 24 GHz. A differential phase shift of 360/spl deg/ can be achieved at 30 GHz with the novel mixture. The figure-of-merit of the phase shifter exceeds 110/spl deg//dB for the novel mixture compared to 21/spl deg//dB for K15 at 24 GHz. To our knowledge, this is the best value above 20 GHz at room temperature demonstrated for a tunable phase shifter based on nonlinear dielectrics up to now. This substantial progress opens up totally new low-cost LC applications beyond optics.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "ab0c80a10d26607134828c6b350089aa",
"text": "Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder with symptoms that progressively worsen with age. Pathologically, PD is characterized by the aggregation of α-synuclein in cells of the substantia nigra in the brain and loss of dopaminergic neurons. This pathology is associated with impaired movement and reduced cognitive function. The etiology of PD can be attributed to a combination of environmental and genetic factors. A popular animal model, the nematode roundworm Caenorhabditis elegans, has been frequently used to study the role of genetic and environmental factors in the molecular pathology and behavioral phenotypes associated with PD. The current review summarizes cellular markers and behavioral phenotypes in transgenic and toxin-induced PD models of C. elegans.",
"title": ""
}
] | scidocsrr |
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